Test :2
RAVEN’S ADVANCED
PROGRESSIVE MATRICES
INTRODUCTION
Raven's Progressive Matrices (often referred to simply as Raven's Matrices) are
multiple choice intelligence tests of abstract reasoning, originally developed by Dr. John
C. Raven in 1936.In each test item, the subject is asked to identify the missing item that
completes a pattern. Many patterns are presented in the form of a 4x4, 3x3, or 2x2 matrix,
giving the test its name.
HISTORY
The raven progressive matrices has an extensive history of research, with more
than 60 years of studies that support its usefulness as a measure of general mental ability.
They were originally developed for use in research into the genetic and environmental
origins of cognitive ability. Raven found those difficult to administer and interpret.
Accordingly, he developed these simple measures of two main components of
Spearman’s g: Eductive ability and Reproductive Ability. Raven published his
progressive matrices in the UK in 1938.
Version
There are three forms intended for respondents of different abilities. The tests can
be administered from the age of five all the way up to elderly. These three tests are:
Raven’s Standard Progressive Matrices.This is the original test published in
1938. All questions were black patterns on a white background. There were 60 questions
arranged over five sets, within each set the items were presented in increasing
(progressive) difficulty.
Raven’s Colored Progressive Matrices.These matrices were designed for people
with general lower ability because of age (old, young) of mentally impaired. It contains
the two first sets from the Standard Matrices with an additional set of 12 items inserted in
between the two. Questions however were primarily presented on a colored background
to make them visually stimulating.
Raven’s Advanced Progressive Matrices.The advanced form of the matrix
contains more items (48), presented as one set of 12 (set I), and another of 36 (set II).
Items are presented in black on a white background similar to the standard version, and
also becomes increasingly difficult throughout the test. These items are suitable for adults
and adolescents of above-average intelligence. You can take a free logical reasoning test
to get a taste of what such a test is about. If you need to prepare for an assessment you
can use our extensive logical reasoning practice package .
PURPOSE OF ADVANCED PROGRESSIVE MATRICES
Educative ability
Eductive ability is about finding relationships and correlations in what
seems to be disorganized information.
Reproductive ability
The APM is a nonverbal assessment tool designed to measure an
individual's ability to perceive and think clearly, make meaning out of
confusion, and formulate new concepts when faced with novel information.
USES OF RAVEN’S ADVANCED PROGRESSIVE MATRICES
The tests were initially developed for research purposes. Because of their
independence of language and reading and writing skills, and the simplicity of their use
and interpretation, they quickly found widespread practical application. In clinical
settings the reliability of the measures and lack of bias makes them ideal tools in
neuropsychological assessment, working with elderly people and many clinical groups
whose particular needs make the demands of more traditional cognitive testing
unrealistic. Suitable in cross-cultural contexts & for use with individuals who have
physical disabilities. Useful for considering an individual’s reasoning skills – mistakes
can be interesting clinical data.
SCORING OF ADVANCED PROGRESSIVE MATRICES
The total score is the total number of matrices completed correctly. The RPM,
thus, produces a single raw score that can be converted to a percentile based on normative
data collected from various groups.For each question, the correct response is given a
score of 1, and any of the 7 incorrect responses is given a score of 0. Any question
omitted due to the discontinue rule is given a score of 0.
PSYCHOMETRIC PROPERTIES
Reliability
reliability estimate for the Standard Progressive Matrices (SPM) total raw score
was .88 in the standardization sample of 793 individuals.This reliability estimate
indicates that the total raw score on the SPM possesses good internal consistency
reliability as provided in the guidelines of the U.S. Department of Labor.
Validity
validity exists when an assessment includes a representative sample of tasks,
behaviors, knowledge, skills, abilities, or other characteristics necessary to perform the
job. Evidence of content validity is usually gathered through analysis.In an extensive
analysis of the cognitive processes that distinguish between higher-scoring and
lower-scoring examinees on the SPM and the Advanced Progressive Matrices (APM),
Norms
There are South African norms for the Raven’s SPM for working adults (ages 18
to 57 years only). There are children’s norms for the Coloured Progressive Matrices
(CPM). This is only however, for children between the ages of 6 to 12 years 8 months.
There are also norms for the Advanced Progressive Matrices for adults between 21 to 61
years.
Advantages of raven progressive matrices
● It works for children and adults, regardless if the person has communication or
motor problems.
● It is a very economical test to administer.
● In general, it’s interesting and entertaining for most people.
● It requires “Gestalt” attention as well as an analogical reasoning where the person
must use exploratory behavior. They must also make comparisons and use multiple
sources of information to complete the matrices.
Disadvantages of Raven progressive matrices.
● Raven's progressive matrices may not measure what they intend to: the 'g' factor
which remains stable across time, meaning it lacks internal validity.
● The chief criticism is that APM does not differentiate very clearly between young
children and between adults of superior intellectual capacity.
● It cannot be given satisfactory with a time limit and takes up to 45 minutes to
complete.
ADMINISTRATION OF ADVANCED PROGRESSIVE MATRICES
As an individual test
This test is easily done on individuals and obtains intelligence. With this test the
No time limit is there in the administration of APM but sufficient time has been allotted
to an individual to write down answers. Age LimitNo age limit is there in APM. Material
Provided A set of textbooks is required these can be used repeatedly. Individual required
record form and pencil. Stencil keys facilitate rapid marking.
As an group test
The test is also done in groups because it easily takes large data and evaluates
intelligence. No time limit is there in the administration of APM but sufficient time has
been allotted for everyone to write down answers. No age limit is there in Material that is
used in this is manual, Pencil,paper, rubber.
Interpretation
After taking the test from group sitting or individual sitting then evaluate the test
and evaluate the intelligence from the test and score according to the percentile and
grades .
CURRENT ADMINISTRATION(LEVEL 1)
Report I
Self-Particular
Name XYZ Test begin: 12:50pm
I Am 20 years. Test ended: 1:15 pm
gender Female Total time: 25 minutes
Education BS in progress
Administration
Paper and Pencil. There is also a computer based version of the RPM. Individual
or group administration can be done. Untimed but generally takes between 40 -60
minutes. You need to consult the manual carefully before administering the test.This test
done in an individual this time with in a comfortable environment
A B C D E
Sr.no Response R/ Respo R/ Respons R/ Respon R/ Respon R/
s W nses W es W ses W ses W
1 4 R 2 R 8 R 3 R 7 R
2 5 R 6 R 2 R 4 R 6 R
3 1 R 1 R 3 R 3 R 8 R
4 2 R 2 R 8 R 7 R 2 R
5 6 R 1 R 7 R 8 R 1 R
6 3 R 3 R 8 W 6 R 2 W
7 6 R 5 R 5 R 5 R 2 W
8 2 R 5 R 7 W 4 R 7 W
9 1 R 4 W 7 R 2 W 3 R
10 3 R 3 R 8 W 7 W 2 R
11 4 R 4 R 7 W 6 W 4 R
12 5 R 5 R 2 R 8 W 1 W
Score 12 11 8 8 8
Discrepa -2 -1 2 2 -2
ncy
Total score 47 grade III. Percentile 75
Interpretation
We can see that the participant score 47 and lie on 75th percentile and we can say
that the participant is grade III intelligent which means she is intellectually average.She
seems to have the ability to perform basic task without other support and she seems to
have good abstract abilities such as overall she has good perceptual organization and
ability to discriminate and find similarities between abstract things.
Conclusion
The score of the subject shows that she probably can solve problems very
easily.She seems to possess intellectually an average superior level. This interpretation is
made on the basis of the score of the candidate which is very close to the total score.
CURRENT ADMINISTRATION
Report II
Subject Particular
Name XYZ Test begin: 2:50pm
Age 24 years Test ended: 3:30pm
Gender Female Total time: 40 minutes
Education :Msc
Administration
Paper and Pencil. There is also a computer based version of the RPM. Individual
or group administration can be done. Untimed but generally takes between 40 -60
minutes. You need to consult the manual carefully before administering the test.This test
done in an individual this time with in a comfortable environment
A B C D E
Sr.no Response R/ Respons R/ Respons R/ Respons R/ Respons R
s W es W es W es W es /
w
1 4 R 2 R 8 R 3 R 7 R
2 5 R 6 R 2 R 4 R 4 R
3 1 R 1 R 3 R 3 R 8 R
4 2 R 2 R 8 R 7 R 2 R
5 4 W 1 R 7 R 8 R 1 R
6 3 R 3 R 4 R 6 R 5 R
7 6 R 5 R 5 R 5 R 1 R
8 2 R 6 R 1 R 5 R 6 R
9 1 R 4 R 7 R 3 W 3 R
10 3 R 3 R 8 W 7 W 1 W
11 4 R 4 R 1 R 6 W 3 W
12 5 R 5 R 3 W 8 W 5 R
Score 11 12 10 8 10
Discre 12-11=1 12-12=0 12-11=1 12-8=4 12-10=2
pancy
Total score 51. Grade II. Percentile:90th
Interpretation
She scores 51 and lies on II grade intelligence and having 90th percentile.She
seems to have above average conceptualization. She seems to have the ability to perform
at high standards.She has strong imaginative power. She appears to have potential to
excel in rapid decision-making and in situations where part whole relationships must be
perceived.Her I.Q depicts that she has intellectual abilities such as overall she has good
perceptual organization and ability to discriminate and find similarities between abstract
things.
Conclusion
The score of the subject shows that she probably can solve problems very
easily.She seems to possess intellectually an average superior level. This interpretation is
made on the basis of the score of the candidate which is very close to the total score.
References:
Marnet, G.G.(1990).Handbook of Psychological Assessment. (2nd Ed) A Wiley
Interscience Publication: John Wiley & sons. New York.
Anastasi, A.(1990). Psychological Testing. New York: Maxwell MacMillan
Publishing Company
Jr. Nunnally C. Jam. Introduction to Psychological Assessment. (1st Ed). McGraw
Hill, Book Company
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