Project report
On
Bus Pass Management System
CONTENTS
1. INTRODUCTION
2. LITERATURE REVIEW
3. SOFTWARE REQUIRED DOCUMENTS
4. HARDWARE AND SPECIFICATIONS
5. SYSTEM DESIGN & DEVELOPMENT PROCESS
6. IMPLEMENTATION
7. SYSTEM TESTING
8. SCREENSHOTS AND REPORTS
9. CONCLUSION & FUTURE ENHANCEMENT
10.BIBLIOGRAPHY
Acknowledgement
I would like to express my deepest appreciation to all those who provided me the
possibility to complete this project. A special gratitude I give to our final year
project manager, [Ms/Mr/Dr Surname], whose contribution in stimulating
suggestions and encouragement, helped me to coordinate my project.
Furthermore I would also like to acknowledge with much appreciation the crucial role
of the staff, who gave the permission to use all required equipment and the necessary
materials to complete project. Last but not least, many thanks go to the head of the
project, [Ms/Mr/Dr Surname] whose have invested his full effort in guiding the team
in achieving the goal. I have to appreciate the guidance given by other supervisor as
well as the panels especially in our project presentation that has improved our
presentation skills thanks to their comment and advices.
1. INTRODUCTION
‘Bus Pass Management System’ is a web application that will manage the records of
pass which is issue by bus administrative. ‘Bus Pass Management System is an
automatic system which delivers data processing in very high speed in systematic
manner. This system helps bus administrative to keep records of bus passes. Before
this application the manual process is used to do the process of issuing the bus pass to
the traveller. This manual process requires man power and more time consuming to
avoid this difficulties we implement ‘Bus Pass Management System’. The Software
powered by PHP assures clear and efficient services to the agency. This easy-to-
operate system helps to access and modify user details, provides efficient printing
facility. The software is designed to provide Reliable and error free information.
2. SOFTWARE REQUIRED DOCUMENTS
SOFTWARE REQUIREMENTS:
Database : MySQL
Server : Apache
Frontend : HTML
Scripting language : Java Script
IDE : Sublime
Technology : PHP
3. HARDWARE AND SPECIFICATION
HARDWARE REQUIREMENTS:
Processor : Intel P-IV based system
Processor Speed : 2.0. GHz
RAM : 1GB
Hard Disk : 40GB to 80GB
SYSTEM DESIGN & DEVELOPMENT PROCESS
1. HTML
WHAT IS HTML?
To publish information for global distribution, one needs a university-understood
language, a kind of publishing mother tongue that all computers may potentially
understand. The publishing language used by the World Wide Web is HTML
(Hyper Text Markup Language)
HTML Gives Authors the Means To
1. Publish online documents with headings, text, tables, list, photos etc.
2. Retrieve online information via hypertext links, at the click of a button
3. Design forms for conducting transactions with remote services, for use in
searching information, making reservation, ordering products etc.;
4. Includes spreadsheets, video clips, sound clips, and other applications
directly in the documents.
5.
Some HTML Tags
<HTML> :Starting an HTML tag
<HEAD> : Creating a web page’s head
<TITLE> : Giving a web page ‘s body
</HEAD> : Ending a web pages head
</BODY> : Ending a web pages body
</HTML> :Ending a web page
<FORM> : Creating a HTML forms
<INPUT TYPE=BUTTON> : Creating a buttons
<INPUT TYPE=CHECKBOX> : Creating a checkboxes
<INPUT TYPE=SUBMIT> : Creating a submit button
<INPUT TYPE=TEXT> : Creating a text fields
HTML 4.0
HTML 4.0 extends with mechanisms for style sheets, scripting, frames embedding
objects, improved support for right to left and mixed direction texts, richer tables
and enhancements to form, offering improved accessibilities for people with
disability.
2. INTRODUCTION TO JAVA SCRIPT
WHAT IS JAVA SCRIPT?
JavaScript, originally supported by Netscape Navigator, is the most popular Web
scripting language today. JavaScript lets you embed programs right in your Web
pages and run these programs using the Web browser. You place these programs in
a <SCRIPT> element. If you want the script to write directly to the Web page,
place it in the <BODY> element.
EX: <HTML>
<HEAD>
<TITLE></TITLE>
</HEAD>
<BODY>
<SCRIPT LANGUAGE=”JavaScript”>
</SCRIPT>
</BODY></HTML>
JAVASCRIPTS OBJECTS
JavaScript is an object-oriented language. JavaScript comes with a number of
predefined objects.
Objects of the JavaScript
1. Document: Corresponds to the current Web page’s body. Using this object,
you have access to the HTML of the page itself, including the all links,
images and anchors in it.
2. Form: Holds information about HTML forms in the current page.
3. Frame: Refers to a frame in the browser’s window.
4. History: Holds the records of sites the Web browser has visited before
reaching the current page.
5. Location: Holds information about the location of the current web page.
6. Navigator: Refers to the browser itself, letting you determine what browser
the user has.
7. Window: Refers to the current browser window.
JAVASCRIPTS EVENTS
Some of the events of JavaScript
1. on Change: Occurs when data in a control, like a text field, changes.
2. on Click: Occurs when an element is clicked.
3. on Focus: Occurs when an element gets the focus.
4. on Mouse Down: Occurs when a mouse button goes down.
5. on Reset: Occurs when the user clicks the reset button.
JAVASCRIPTS FUNCTIONS
Declaration of function
Syntax: function function name ()
Write these functions in <SCRIPT> tag.
5.RDBMS CONCEPTS
1. DATA ABSTRACTION
A major purpose of a database system is to provide users with an abstract view
of the data. This system hides certain details of how the data is stored and
maintained. However in order for the system to be usable, data must be
retrieved efficiently. The efficiency lead to the design of complex data structure
for the representation of data in the database. Certain complexity must be
hidden from the database system users. This accomplished by defining several
levels of abstraction at which the database may be viewed.
2. CLASSIFICATION OF DATABASE
There are 3 types of database approaches given below,
a. Hierarchical Database:
In this type of model data is represented in simple tree structured. The
record at the top of three is known as root, the root may have any
number of dependents. Each of these may have any number of low
level dependents and so on up to any number of levels. The
disadvantages of the approach are that no independent record
occurrence can exist without it’s superior.
b. Network Database:
In a Network database, data is represented by Network structure. In
this approach record occurrence can have any number of superiors as
well as any number of immediate dependents thus allow many to
many correspondence directly than an hierarchical approach. The
main disadvantage of the Network model is data representation is very
complex resulting in complexity of the DML (Data Manipulation
Language).
c. Relational Database:
The Relational model represents data and relationships among data by
a collection of tables each of which has a number of columns with
unique names.
6.THE SQL LANGUAGE
SQL is a language for relational database. SQL is a non-procedural i.e., when we
use SQL we specify what we want to be done not how to do it.
Features of SQL
1. SQL is an interactive query language.
2. SQL is a database administration language.
3. SQL is a database programming language.
4. SQL is a client/server language.
5. SQL is a distributed database language.
6. SQL is a database gateway language.
Basic SQL Commands
✓ Data Definition Language commands (DDL)
✓ Data Manipulation Language commands (DML)
✓ Transaction Control Language commands (TCL)
✓ Data control Language commands (DCL)
PHP
• PHP is an acronym for "PHP: Hypertext Preprocessor"
• PHP is a widely-used, open source scripting language
• PHP scripts are executed on the server
• PHP is free to download and use
What is a PHP File?
• PHP files can contain text, HTML, CSS, JavaScript, and PHP code
• PHP code are executed on the server, and the result is returned to the
browser as plain HTML
• PHP files have extension ".php"
What Can PHP Do?
• PHP can generate dynamic page content
• PHP can create, open, read, write, delete, and close files on the server
• PHP can collect form data
• PHP can send and receive cookies
• PHP can add, delete, modify data in your database
• PHP can be used to control user-access
• PHP can encrypt data
With PHP you are not limited to output HTML. You can output images, PDF files,
and even Flash movies. You can also output any text, such as XHTML and XML.
IMPLEMENTATION
Bus Pass Management system is a web-based technology that will manage the
records of pass which is issue by administrative and also help to provide online bus
pass to people who need to travel daily. Bus Pass Management System is helpful to
bus administrative by reducing the paper work, time consumption and makes a
process of getting bus pass as a simple and fast.
Bus Pass Management system we use PHP and MySQL database. This is the
project which keeps records of the pass which is issue by administrative. Bus Pass
Management system has two module i.e. admin and user.
Dashboard: In this sections, admin can briefly view the total number of category
and how many pass will be generated in one day, yesterdays and last seven’s days
Category: In this section, admin can manage category (add/update).
Passes: In this section, admin can manage pass(add/update/take print pass).
Pages: In this section, admin can update about us and contact us pages.
Enquiry: In this section, admin read the enquiries which are send by users.
Reports: In this section admin can generate pass reports between two dates.
Search: In this section, admin can search a particular pass by pass number.
Admin can also update his profile, change the password and recover the password.
User
1. Home Page: User can visit home page.
2. View Pass: User can view his/her pass and take print with the help of their
Pass Number.
3. About Us: User sees the details of .website administrator.
4. Contact Us: User can contact with website administrator.
Note: In this project MD5 encryption method used.
BASIC DFD SYMBOL
• The entire system is projected with a physical diagram which specifics the
actual storage parameters that are physically necessary for any database to
be stored on to the disk. The overall systems existential idea is derived
from this diagram.
• The relation upon the system is structure through a conceptual ER-
Diagram, which not only specifics the existential entities but also the
standard relations through which the system exists and the cardinalities
that are necessary for the system state to continue.
• The content level DFD is provided to have an idea of the functional inputs
and outputs that are achieved through the system. The system depicts the
input and output standards at the high level of the systems existence.
A DFD does not show a sequence of steps. A DFD only shows what the different
process in a system is and what data flows between them.
The following are some DFD symbols used in the project
External entities
Process: A transaction of information that resides within the
bounds of the system to be module.
DATAFLOWS
DATASTORE: A repository of data that is to be
stored for use by one or more processes, may be as
simple as buffer of queue or as a relational
database.
RULES FOR DFD:
• Fix the scope of the system by means of context diagrams.
• Organize the DFD so that the main sequence of the actions reads left to
right and top to bottom.
• Identify all inputs and outputs.
• Identify and label each process internal to the system with rounded circles.
• A process is required for all the data transformation and transfers.
Therefore, never connect a data store to a data source or the destinations or
another data store with just a data flow arrow.
• Do not indicate hardware and ignore control information.
• Make sure the names of the processes accurately convey everything the
process is done.
• There must not be unnamed process.
• Indicate external sources and destinations of the data, with squares.
• Number each occurrence of repeated external entities.
• Identify all data flows for each process step, except simple Record
retrievals.
• Label data flow on each arrow.
• Use details flow on each arrow.
• Use the details flow arrow to indicate data movements.
• There can’t be unnamed data flow.
• A data flow can’t connect two external entities.
LEVELS OF DFD:
The complexity of the business system means that it is a responsible to represent the operations
of any system of single data flow diagram. At the top level, an Overview of the different systems
in an organization is shown by the way of context analysis diagram. When exploded into DFD
They are represented by:
• LEVEL-0 : SYSTEM INPUT/OUTPUT
• LEVEL-1:SUBSYSTEM LEVEL DATAFLOW FUNCTIONAL
• LEVEL-2: FILE LEVEL DETAIL DATA FLOW.
The input and output data shown should be consistent from one level to the next.
LEVEL-0: SYSTEM INPUT/OUTPUT LEVEL
A level-0 DFD describes the system-wide boundaries, dealing inputs to and outputs from
the system and major processes. This diagram is similar to the combined user-level context
diagram.
LEVEL-1: SUBSYSTEM LEVEL DATA FLOW
A level-1 DFD describes the next level of details within the system, detailing the data
flows between subsystems, which makeup the whole.
LEVEL-2: FILE LEVEL DETAIL DATA FLOW
All the projects are feasible given unlimited resources and infinite time. It is both necessary and
prudent to evaluate the feasibility of the project at the earliest possible time. Feasibility and the
risk analysis are pertained in many ways. If project risk is great.
FIRST LEVEL DTAFLOW DIAGRAM
0.0
Bus Pass Management
System
Admin
2nd Level DFDs
1.1
User
Details
DB DB
1.2
Admin
1.1.1.1
Add
User
Details
Computer
Admin Info
2. Unified Modeling Language Diagrams(UML):
• The unified modeling language allows the software engineer to express an
analysis model using the modeling notation that is governed by a set of
syntactic semantic and pragmatic rules.
• A UML system is represented using five different views that describe the
system from distinctly different perspective. Each view is defined by a set of
diagram, which is as follows.
User Model View
i. This view represents the system from the users perspective.
ii. The analysis representation describes a usage scenario from the end-users
perspective.
Structural model view
◆ In this model the data and functionality are arrived from inside the
system.
◆ This model view models the static structures.
Behavioral Model View
◆ It represents the dynamic of behavioral as parts of the system, depicting
the interactions of collection between various structural elements
described in the user model and structural model view.
Implementation Model View
◆ In this the structural and behavioral as parts of the system are represented
as they are to be built.
Environmental Model View
In this the structural and behavioral aspects of the environment in which the system
is to be implemented are represented.
UML is specifically constructed through two different domains they are
◆ UML Analysis modeling, which focuses on the user model and
structural model views of the system?
◆ UML design modeling, which focuses on the behavioral modeling,
implementation modeling and environmental model views.
Use Case Diagrams: Admin
Sign in
Dashboard
Add Category/Pass
Manage Category/Pass
Read Enquiry
Manage Pages
Generate Reports
Search Pass
Update Profile
Change Password
Password Recovery
Use Case Diagrams: User
Visit Website
View/Print Pass
View About Us
View Contact Us
ENTITY-RELATIONSHIP Diagrams
E-R (Entity-Relationship) Diagram is used to represents the relationship
between entities in the table.
The symbols used in E-R diagrams are:
SYMBOL PURPOSE
Represents Entity sets.
Represent attributes.
Represent Relationship Sets.
Line represents flow
Structured analysis is a set of tools and techniques that the analyst.
To develop a new kind of a system:
The traditional approach focuses on the cost benefit and feasibility analysis,
Project management, and hardware and software selection a personal
considerations.
DATABASE DESIGN
The data in the system has to be stored and retrieved from database. Designing the
database is part of system design. Data elements and data structures to be stored
have been identified at analysis stage. They are structured and put together to
design the data storage and retrieval system.
A database is a collection of interrelated data stored with minimum redundancy to
serve many users quickly and efficiently. The general objective is to make database
access easy, quick, inexpensive and flexible for the user. Relationships are
established between the data items and unnecessary data items are removed.
Normalization is done to get an internal consistency of data and to have minimum
redundancy and maximum stability. This ensures minimizing data storage required,
minimizing chances of data inconsistencies and optimizing for updates. The MS
Access database has been chosen for developing the relevant databases.
Curfew E-Pass Management System Project (CPMS) contains 3 MySQL
tables :
tbladmin table Structure : This table store the login and personal details of admin.
tblcategory table Structure : This table store the category of pass.
tblpass table Structure : This table store the pass details of person.
tblpage: This table store the detail of about us and contact us page.
tblcontact: This table store the enquiry details of users.
Class Diagram:
The class diagram shows a set of classes, interfaces, collaborations and their
relationships.
SYSTEM TESTING
SOFTWARE TESTING TECHNIQUES:
Software testing is a critical element of software quality assurance and
represents the ultimate review of specification, designing and coding.
TESTING OBJECTIVES:
1. Testing is process of executing a program with the intent of finding an
error.
2. A good test case design is one that has a probability of finding an as
yet undiscovered error.
3. A successful test is one that uncovers an as yet undiscovered error.
These above objectives imply a dramatic change in view port.
Testing cannot show the absence of defects, it can only show that software
errors are present.
There are three types of testing strategies
1. Unit test
2. Integration test
3. Performance test
Unit Testing:
Unit testing focuses verification efforts on the smallest unit of software design
module. The unit test is always white box oriented. The tests that occur as part
of unit testing are testing the module interface, examining the local data
structures, testing the boundary conditions, execution all the independent paths
and testing error-handling paths.
Integration Testing:
Integration testing is a systematic technique or construction the program
structure while at the same time conducting tests to uncover errors associated
with interfacing. Scope of testing summarizes the specific functional,
performance, and internal design characteristics that are to be tested. It employs
top-down testing and bottom-up testing methods for this case.
Performance Testing:
Timing for both read and update transactions should be gathered to determine
whether system functions are being performed in an acceptable timeframe.
OUTPUT SCREEN OF PROJECT
Home Page
About Us Page
Contact Us Page
View Pass
View Detail of Pass
Admin Panel
Login Page
Forgot Password
Dashboard
Admin Profile
Change Password
Add Category
Manage Category
Update Category
Add Pass
Manage Pass
Update Pass
Update Image
Pass Detail
About Us
Contact Us
View Enquiry
View Detail of Enquiry
Search Pass
Between Dates Report of Pass
View Detail of Between Dates Reports of Pass
CONCLUSION
‘Bus Pass Management System’ has many powerful features and is certainly
more than a "simple" diagramming tool. With its support of MDA (Model
Driven Architecture), it is more aimed at people using UML in an intensive way
and with some code generations objectives than for simply drawing diagrams to
document requirements. However, using ‘Bus Pass Management System’ just
as a diagramming tool work fine, especially on Windows as the tool is built
with Delphi and might execute faster than the Java-based tools. Modern world
is computer world where the things have to be done promptly that requires
optimal resources and optimal methods. Due to this inevitable requirement,
computerisation of each and every sector in the main stream is must, so that it
can be held itself in the race. Few eye catching features of our project are its
simplicity, accuracy, and its user friendly interface. Our software incorporates
all the features and facilities provided by the Visual Studio software. This
project has been developed to manage the entire working of the Curfew Pass
administrative. Our software simplifies and replaces all the manual effort and
the paper works done by the administrative to a completely electronically
environment. Hence both the user and the administrative are at their ease. The
user is serviced at his footsteps wherein he just types in the request and he is
just a click away. We would like to convey our sincere gratitude and thanks to
all, who stood as our backbone, in designing, formatting and helping us in
executing this project successfully.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
For PHP
➢ https://www.w3schools.com/php/default.asp
➢ https://www.sitepoint.com/php/
➢ https://www.php.net/
For MySQL
➢ https://www.mysql.com/
➢ http://www.mysqltutorial.org
For XAMPP
➢ https://www.apachefriends.org/download.html
