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Thermodynamics

1) The document provides several equations for converting between Celsius (C), Fahrenheit (F), and Kelvin (K) temperatures. 2) Equations are given for calculating pressure (P), volume (V), mass (m), density (ρ), specific gravity (SG), and velocity (v). 3) Formulas are shown for calculating heat (Q), change in temperature (ΔT), enthalpy (H), internal energy (U), work (W), and efficiency (e) for thermodynamic processes. Latent heats of fusion and vaporization are defined.

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Monique Oruga
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63 views13 pages

Thermodynamics

1) The document provides several equations for converting between Celsius (C), Fahrenheit (F), and Kelvin (K) temperatures. 2) Equations are given for calculating pressure (P), volume (V), mass (m), density (ρ), specific gravity (SG), and velocity (v). 3) Formulas are shown for calculating heat (Q), change in temperature (ΔT), enthalpy (H), internal energy (U), work (W), and efficiency (e) for thermodynamic processes. Latent heats of fusion and vaporization are defined.

Uploaded by

Monique Oruga
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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C= (F-32)5

F= C+32
9

K=C+273
5

R=F+460
Δ=Δ
TK Tc

Δ= Δ TC
5
9
TF Δ=Δ
TR TF

Δ= Δ TF
9
5
TC
P|¿|¿
= +
Pgage Patm

P= m
v

Y= w
v
v= =
V
m
1
p

S.G.= =
P substance Y substance
P water Y water
QS
=mcΔT

QL
=±mL
Note:
Latent heat of fusion of ice ( L ) f

L =144 BTU/lb = 334 KJ/Kg = 80 cal/gm


f

Latent Heat of Vaporization of Boiling water ( L ) v

L =970 BTU/lb = 2257 KJ/kg = 540 Cal/gm


v

ΔS= dq
T

H=U+PV
Sum of Energy Entering = Sum of Energy Leaving

PE 1
+KE +H +Q=PE +KE +H +W
1 1 2 2 2

PV=mRT
PV=nRT
R=8.314
=1545 mol−°
J
mol−K
ft−lbf
R

mol−° R =0.0821 mol−° R


BTU L−atm
R=1.986

=0.287 kg−K
ft −lbf KJ
R=53.35
lbmR

=
P1 V 1 P2 V 2

V1 V2
=
P
T 1 PT22
=
T1 T 2
P1V 1 P2V 2
=
T1 T2

P=P1
+ P2 + P3 +…+ Pn
Δm
m1=m2 +¿

Δm= m1−m2
m1=m2

A 1 V 1 p1
= A 2 V 2 p2

ΔU=m ΔT Cv
P =C
V
n
QA
=(
T1 S2−S 1 ¿

QR
=(
T2 S4 −S3 ¿

QR
=(
T1 S1−S 2 ¿

QR
=- (
T2 S2−S 1 ¿
e=
W net
QA

e= =
T high −T low
T high

T 1−T 2
T1

=
W net Q A −Q

W net
=) ) ¿¿ ¿¿

= ( QA h1−h4 kJ /kg ¿

= (
QR h2 −h3 kJ /kg ¿

= = ( (
QA m(h ¿ ¿ 1−h4 )¿ kW ¿
QR m(h ¿ ¿ 2−h3 )¿ kW ¿ =h −h (kJ /kg ¿
Wt 1 2

W
=m(h¿¿ 1−h )¿(kW ¿
t 2

Wt
=h −h +ΔKE Kj/kg
1 2

W
=m(h −h )+ ( KE −KE )]kW
t 1 2 1 2

W net
=W −W T P
=

QA
= mC v (T 2−T 1 )

QR
= mC v (T 1−T 4 )

W net
=Q −Q
A R QR
= mC v (T 4−T 1)

=
W net
Pm

==
V1 V4 VD

e=
W
r knet =
V2 V3
QA
QA mC p (T 3−T 2 )

QR
= mC v (T 1−T 4 )
W net
=Q −Q A R

QR
= mC v (T 4−T 1)

=
V1

e=
W net rk
QA V2
= V3

=
Wn
ec
QA

QR
=
T high ( S3−S 2) QA
=T low ( S3−S 2)

W net
= Q R−Q A

W net
= (T ¿ ¿ max−T min )( S 3−S2 )¿

W net
= (T ¿ ¿ max−T min )( S 4−S 1)¿

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