Environmental Assessment Report

Draft Environmental Impact Assessment

Project Number: 35049
July 2010

BAN: Padma Multipurpose Bridge Project

Prepared by the Bangladesh Bridge Authority (BBA) for the Asian Development Bank
(ADB).

The environmental impact assessment is a document of the borrower. The views expressed herein do not
necessarily represent those of ADB’s Board of Directors, Management, or staff, and may be preliminary in
nature.
 Table of Contents

List of Abbreviations and Acronyms

1 Introduction 1-1
1.1 Project Background 1-1
1.1.1 Need of the Project 1-1
1.1.2 Project Location/Setting 1-1
1.1.3 Key Project Components 1-3
1.1.4 Project Financing 1-4
1.1.5 Present Stage of Project Preparation 1-4
1.2 Environmental Policy, Legal, and Institutional Framework 1-5
1.2.1 Government Environmental Policy, Regulations, and Guidelines 1-5
1.3 Environmental Safeguards of Co-Financiers 1-14
1.3.1 ADB Environmental Requirements 1-14
1.3.2 The World Bank Requirements 1-14
1.3.3 The Japan International Cooperation Agency Requirements 1-15
1.3.4 The Islamic Development Bank (IDB) Requirements 1-16
1.4 Harmonized Environmental Safeguard Requirements of the Co-financiers 1-16
1.5 Review of the Past Environmental Assessment and Related Studies 1-16
1.5.1 Key elements of the Review 1-16
1.5.2 Pre-feasibility Study (February 2000 IEE) 1-17
1.5.3 JICA Feasibility Study (March 2005 IEE and EIA) 1-17
1.5.4 BBA Study (June 2006 EIA, EMP) 1-19
1.5.5 ADB Study (ADB PPTA May 2007) 1-21
1.5.6 Status on EIA Clearance by DOE 1-22
1.5.7 Findings of the Review Process 1-22
1.6 Key Additional Aspects for Consideration 1-23
1.6.1 Addressing Rail Components 1-23
1.6.2 Incorporating Climate Change Considerations 1-24
1.6.3 Addressing Associated and Induced Regional Impacts 1-24
1.6.4 Integration of Environment with Engineer’s Planning and Social Issues 1-24
1.7 Methodology and Process Followed 1-25
1.7.1 Development of Scoping Document and TOR 1-25
1.7.2 Methodology and Process 1-25
1.7.3 Impact Assessment and Prioritization 1-27
1.7.4 Organization of the Report 1-27

2 Description of the Project 2-2

2.1 Project Location and Setting 2-2
2.2 Existing Traffic and Forecasts 2-4
2.3 Project Design Details 2-6
2.3.1 Main Bridge 2-7
2.3.2 River Training Works 2-8
2.3.3 Approach Roads 2-14
2.3.4 Bridge-end-Facilities 2-15
2.3.5 Railway 2-18
2.3.6 Utility Crossings 2-18
 2.3.7 Resettlement Sites 2-19
2.4 Summary of the Size or Magnitude of Operation 2-20
2.5 Sourcing of Resources for Project Implementation 2-21
2.6 Proposed Schedule for Implementation 2-22
2.7 Relevant Associated Components 2-25
2.7.1 Widening of Dhaka-Mawa Highway (N8) 2-25
2.7.2 Bypass Road in Group B of Rajuk 2-25
2.7.3 Railway Network Development 2-25
2.7.4 Gas Main Network Development 2-25
2.7.5 High Voltage Power Transmission Network Development 2-25
2.7.6 Telecommunication Network Development 2-25

3 Description of the Environment 3-1

3.1 Physical Resources 3-1
3.1.1 Topography 3-1
3.1.2 Soils 3-3
3.1.3 Landuse 3-7
3.1.4 Climate 3-11
3.1.5 Geology and Geomorphology 3-14
3.1.6 Surface Water Resources 3-17
3.1.7 Groundwater Resources 3-21
3.1.8 Bathymetry 3-21
3.2 Ecological Resources 3-23
3.2.1 State of Biodiversity 3-23
3.2.2 Forests and Protected Areas 3-25
3.2.3 Ecological Baseline Survey 3-25
3.2.4 Fisheries 3-42
3.2.5 Insects and Butterflies 3-49
3.2.6 Benthos 3-50
3.3 Environmental Quality 3-50
3.3.1 Air Quality 3-52
3.3.2 Noise Quality 3-53
3.3.3 Surface Water Quality 3-55
3.3.4 Groundwater Quality 3-56
3.3.5 Riverbed Sediment Quality 3-57
3.4 Social and Cultural Profile 3-59
3.4.1 Population and Community Characteristics 3-59
3.4.2 Socio-economic Conditions 3-59
3.4.3 Land Acquisition 3-60
3.4.4 Physical and Cultural Resources 3-61
3.5 Economic Activities 3-62
3.5.1 Agriculture 3-62
3.5.2 Fisheries 3-63
3.5.3 Ferry Operations and Ferry Ghats 3-63
3.5.4 Health and Safety 3-64
3.5.5 Tourism 3-64
3.5.6 Access to Health Services 3-65
3.5.7 Access to Education 3-65
3.5.8 Water Supply and Sanitation 3-67
3.5.9 Roads and Communication 3-67
 3.5.10 Access to Energy 3-69

4 Scoping and Prioritization of Impacts/Risks 4-1

4.1 Scoping Framework 4-1
4.1.1 Methodology 4-1
4.1.2 Project Boundaries 4-2
4.2 Identification of Environmental Impacts 4-4
4.3 Prioritization of Environmental Impacts 4-4
4.4 Induced Environmental Impacts at Regional Level 4-12

5 Climate Change Considerations 5-1

5.1 Scoping 5-1
5.2 Data and Information Collection and Methods Followed 5-2
5.2.1 GHG Consideration 5-2
5.2.2 Impacts Consideration 5-2
5.3 Climate projections 5-3
5.3.1 Future Sea Level Rise 5-3
5.3.2 Temperature Projection 5-5
5.3.3 Wind Forces 5-5
5.4 Analysis of Environmental Effects 5-5
5.4.1 GHG Considerations 5-5
5.4.2 Impact Consideration 5-6
5.5 Identification of Mitigation/Adaptive Measures 5-7
5.5.1 GHG Management Plan 5-7
5.5.2 Impacts Management/Adaptive Plan 5-8
5.6 Monitoring, Follow-up and Adaptive Management 5-8

6 Analysis of Alternatives 6-1

6.1 Framework for Assessment of Alternatives 6-1
6.1.1 Assessment Framework 6-1
6.2 Weighted Scores of Alternatives 6-2
6.3 Without the Project Alternative 6-3
6.4 Alternative Analysis during Feasibility Study 6-3
6.4.1 Location/Alignment of Bridge 6-3
6.4.2 Type of Bridge 6-10
6.5 Alternative Analysis during Detailed Design 6-10
6.5.1 Design of Main Bridge 6-10
6.5.2 Design of Transition Structures 6-18
6.5.3 Modifications of Feasibility Design: BEF & Navigation Clearance 6-18
6.6 River Training Works 6-19
6.6.1 Alternative 1 - Revetment on Bank of Southside Channel 6-19
6.6.2 Alternative 2 - : Guide Bund and Upstream Hard Points on South Bank 6-20
6.6.3 Alternative 2 Modified – Hard points in Char: 6-21
6.7 Preferred Options 6-29
6.8 Conclusion 6-30

7 Assessment of Impacts/Risks for Preferred Alternative 7-1

7.1 Preamble 7-1
7.2 Project Related Significant Impacts 7-1
 7.2.1 Pre-construction Stage 7-1
7.2.2 Construction Stage 7-8
7.2.3 Operation and Maintenance Stage 7-27
7.3 Project Related Significant Risks 7-33
7.3.1 Construction Stage 7-33
7.3.2 O/M Stage 7-33
7.4 Associated, Induced, and Regional Impacts 7-34

8 Environmental Management and Monitoring Plan 8-2

8.1 Guiding Principles of EMMP 8-3
8.1.1 Methodology 8-3
8.1.2 Mitigation/Protection/Compensation Measures 8-4
8.1.3 Monitoring Mechanism 8-5
8.1.4 Budget Estimates 8-6
8.1.5 Institutional Framework for Implementation of EMMP 8-6
8.2 Management of Project related Impacts 8-7
8.3 Environmental Code of Practices (ECP) 8-8
8.4 Resettlement Action Plan 8-33
8.5 Dredge Material Management Plan 8-35
8.6 Emergency Response Plan 8-40
8.7 Addressing Associated and Regional Scale Impacts 8-40
8.8 Adaptation of EMMP during Implementation 8-40
8.9 Compensation and Environmental Enhancement Plans 8-40
8.10 Hydro-meteorological Monitoring Station 8-56
8.11 Environment Enhancement Fund 8-57

9 Institutional Arrangements and Capacity Development 9-1

9.1 Profile of Key Institutions 9-2
9.1.1 Bangladesh Bridge Authority (BBA) 9-2
9.1.2 Need for Institutional Strengthening of BBA 9-2
9.1.3 Project Implementation Unit 9-3
9.2 Proposed Institutional Strengthening of PIU 9-8
9.2.1 Step A: Creation of a Safeguard Department 9-8
9.2.2 Step B: Association with Twining Institutions 9-11
9.2.3 Step C: Capacity Building Programs 9-11
9.2.4 Step D: Third Party Engagements 9-12
9.2.5 Step E: Formation of a Grievances Redress Committee 9-13
9.2.6 Step F: Establishment of Environmental Management System 9-14
9.2.7 Step G: Establishment of GIS and MIS 9-15
9.3 Cost Estimates for Institutional Strengthening 9-15
9.4 Institutional Framework for Implementing EMMP 9-15

10 Public Consultation and Information Disclosure 10-1

10.1 Overview of Consultation Processes 10-3
10.1.1 Background 10-3
10.1.2 Public Consultation 10-4
10.1.3 Overview of the Consultation Meetings 10-5
10.2 Details of Consultation Meetings and Discussions 10-6
10.2.1 Expert Consultations 10-6
10.2.2 Focus Group Discussion (FGD) 10-7
 10.2.3 Public Consultation 10-9
10.3 Feedback Obtained and Incorporated 10-12
10.3.1 Expert Consultations 10-12
10.3.2 Focus Group Discussion 10-16
10.3.3 Public Consultation 10-23
10.3.4 Information Disclosure 10-32

11 Economic Assessment 11-1

11.1 Introduction 11-1
11.2 Project Costs 11-1
11.2.1 Overall Project Costs 11-1
11.2.2 Environmental Costs 11-2
11.3 Traffic Forecasts 11-3
11.3.1 Demographic Changes 11-3
11.3.2 Regional Economic Development Impacts 11-3
11.4 Project Benefits 11-5
11.4.1 Revenue Forecasts 11-5
11.5 Cost Benefit Analysis 11-6
11.5.1 Economic Evaluation Results 11-6
11.5.2 Sensitivity Analysis 11-7

12 Conclusions 12-1
 List of Abbreviations and Acronyms
ADB Asian Development Bank km Kilometer
AIDS Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome LBS Left bank side
AHs Affected Households LGED Local Government Engineering Department
APs Affected Persons LS Lumpsum
AQM Air Quality Monitoring LT Low Power Transmission
As Arsenic m Meter
BARI Bangladesh Agriculture Research Institute M&E Monitoring and Evaluation
BBA Bangladesh Bridge Authority MAOP Maximum allowable operating pressure
BMD Bangladesh Meteorological Department Mg Mercury
BRTA Bangladesh Road Transport Authority MIS Management Information System
BWDB Bangladesh Water Development Board MM Man month
BWTA Bangladesh Water Transport Authority Mn Manganese
CDF Confined Disposal Facility MOC Ministry of Communication
CEAP Construction Environmental Action Plan MOEF Ministry of Environment and Forest
CEMC Community Environmental Management Committee MOHFW Ministry of Health and Family Welfare
Ministry of Local Government, Rural Development
CEMP Community Environmental Management Plan MOLGRDC and Cooperatives
Community Environmental Management and Monitoring
CEMMP Plan MSDS Material Safety Data Sheet
Cl Chloride NEMAP National Environmental Management Action Plan
CNG Compressed natural gas NGO Non Governmental Organization
CNGO Coordinating NGO NMVOC Non Methane Volatile Organic Compounds
CP Cathode Protection NOx Nitrous Oxides
CSC Construction Supervision Consultant O/M Operation and Maintenance
CY Construction Yard OH Occupational Health
d/s Downstream OHS Occupational Health and Safety
DC District Commissioner PAPs Project Affected Persons
DG Director General Pb Lead
DMB Disaster Management Bureau PDB Power Development Board
DOE Department of Environment PEC Probable Effect Concentration
DOF Directorate of Fisheries PEI Potential Environmental Impact
DPHE Department of Public Health Engineering PIU Project Implementation Unit
DSMP Dredge Spoil Management Plan PM Particulate Matter
EA Environmental Assessment PMBP Padma Multipurpose Bridge Project
ECA Environment Conservation Act POE Panel of Experts
ECC Environmental Clearance Certificate PPE Personal Protection Equipment
ECP Environmental Code of Practice PPP Public Private Partnership
Project Preparatory Technical
ED Executive Director PPTA Assistance
EEC Environmental Enhancement Committee PRA Participatory Rapid Appraisal
EEF Environmental Enhancement Fund PRECIS Providing Regional Climates for Impacts Studies
EF Emission Factor PVAC Property Valuation Advisory Committee
EFAR Economic and Financial Analysis Report PWD Public Works Datum
EIA Environmental Impact Assessments RAP Resettlement Action Plan
EMC Environmental Management Committee RBS Right bank side
EMMP Environmental Management and Monitoring Plan RCM Regional Climate Model
EMP Environmental Management Plan REA Rapid Environmental Assessment
EMS Environmental Management System REB Rural Electrification Board
EQS Environmental Quality Standards RF Resettlement Framework
ERC Emergency Response Center RHD Roads and Highways Department
KFAED Kuwait Fund for Arab Economic Development RS Resettlement Sites
ERP Emergency Response Plan RTWs River training works
ERT Emergency Response Team RVA Range of Variability Approach
EU Environmental Unit SA Social Accountability
FC Fecal Coliform SAM Social Accounting Matrix
FD Forest Department SD Safeguard Department
FGDs Focus Group Discussions SDF Social Development Fund
Fe Iron SEIA Summary EIA
FHWA Federal Highway Administrators SHWL Standard High Water Level
FS Feasibility study SLR Sea Level Rise
FWCs Family welfare centers SLWL Standard Low Water Level
GBM Ganges-Brahmaputra-Meghna SOx Sulphur Oxides
GCM Global Climate Model SPM Suspended Particulate Matter
GHG Greenhouse Gas STI Sexually Infected Transmissions
GIS Geographic Information System TC Total coliform
GOB Government of Bangladesh TGB Target Group Beneficiaries
GWAVA Global Water Availability Assessment Tk Bangladesh Taka (Currency)
HIV Human Immunodeficiency Virus TL Trip Length
HWL Highest Water Level TNM Traffic Noise Model
HYV High Yield Variety TOR Terms of Reference
IDB Islamic Development Bank TT Travel Time
IEC Information, Education and Communication TTC Travel Time Costs
IECs Important Environmental Components u/s Upstream
IEE Initial Environmental Examination UHC Upazila Health Complex
IGS Income Generation Schemes UHFWC Union Health and Family Welfare Centres
ILRP Income and Livelihood Restoration Plan UP Union Parishad
IMS Inner Marginal Strip VEC Valuable Ecosystem Component
IOL Inventory of Losses vkm Vehicle kilometer
ISO International Standardization Organization WARPO Water Resources Planning Organization
IUCN International Union of Conservation of Nature WB World Bank
JICA Japan International Cooperation Agency WSB Wildlife Society of Bangladesh

Conversions
1 ha = 10,000sq.m
1 ha = 2.47acre
1 acre = 100 decimal
1 USD = Tk70
 CHAPTER 1:

INTRODUCTION
Table of Contents
1 Introduction 1-1
1.1 Project Background 1-1
1.1.1 Need of the Project 1-1
1.1.2 Project Location/Setting 1-1
1.1.3 Key Project Components 1-3
1.1.4 Project Financing 1-4
1.1.5 Present Stage of Project Preparation 1-4
1.2 Environmental Policy, Legal, and Institutional Framework 1-5
1.2.1 Government Environmental Policy, Regulations, and Guidelines 1-5
1.3 Environmental Safeguards of Co-Financiers 1-14
1.3.1 ADB Environmental Requirements 1-14
1.3.2 The World Bank Requirements 1-14
1.3.3 The Japan International Cooperation Agency Requirements 1-15
1.3.4 The Islamic Development Bank (IDB) Requirements 1-16
1.4 Harmonized Environmental Safeguard Requirements of the Co-financiers 1-16
1.5 Review of the Past Environmental Assessment and Related Studies 1-16
1.5.1 Key elements of the Review 1-16
1.5.2 Pre-feasibility Study (February 2000 IEE) 1-17
1.5.3 JICA Feasibility Study (March 2005 IEE and EIA) 1-17
1.5.4 BBA Study (June 2006 EIA, EMP) 1-19
1.5.5 ADB Study (ADB PPTA May 2007) 1-21
1.5.6 Status on EIA Clearance by DOE 1-22
1.5.7 Findings of the Review Process 1-22
1.6 Key Additional Aspects for Consideration 1-23
1.6.1 Addressing Rail Components 1-23
1.6.2 Incorporating Climate Change Considerations 1-24
1.6.3 Addressing Associated and Induced Regional Impacts 1-24
1.6.4 Integration of Environment with Engineer’s Planning and Social Issues 1-24
1.7 Methodology and Process Followed 1-25
1.7.1 Development of Scoping Document and TOR 1-25
1.7.2 Methodology and Process 1-25
1.7.3 Impact Assessment and Prioritization 1-27
1.7.4 Organization of the Report 1-27

List of Annexure
Annex 1-1: Harmonized Safeguard Policies
Annex 1-2: Terms of Reference for the EIA Study
Annex 1-3: DOE Approval of the TOR

List of Tables
Table 1-1: Estimated Project Costa 1-4
Table 1-2: National Legal Instruments 1-7
Table 1-3: List of International Treaties and Conventions Signed by Bangladesh 1-10

List of Figures
Figure 1-1: Project Location Map 1-2
Figure 1-2: Project Components 1-3
Figure 1-3: Steps followed for Environmental Clearance Certificate for Red Category Projects 1-13
Figure 1-4: Methods of Environmental Assessment Preparation. 1-26
Figure 1-5: Flow Chart of the Process with Chapters 1-28
1 Introduction
1.1 Project Background
1.1.1 Need of the Project
1. The proposed Padma Multipurpose Bridge Design Project (PMBDP) is a very important large
scale infrastructure project in the communication sector. Implementation of the project will significantly
benefit various sectors of the economy of Bangladesh. The Padma River isolates the southwest zone
of Bangladesh from other parts of the country. There have been substantial improvements and
development in the road network of the southwest zone of Bangladesh, yet this zone remains beyond
the advantages of integrated road network due to the lack of a bridge over the Padma River. Currently
the link between the southwest zone and the rest of the country across the Padma River is only by
ferry. The capacity of ferry services is very limited, and waiting time at ferry ghats is more than 2 hours
for buses and light vehicles and more than 10 hours for trucks. In addition, the Riverbanks of the
Padma are very unstable, especially in the south side (Janjira) and the River width changes frequently,
leaving approach ghats seasonally inoperative. The expansion of existing ferry terminals is made
difficult by these conditions.
2. The proposed bridge will provide direct links between two major seaports of the country and
connects missing links for Tamabil-Sylhet-Sorail-Kanchpur-Dhaka-Mawa-Bhatiapara-Norail-Jessore-
Benapole highway and will be an integral part of the Asian Highway No 1 and Trans-Asian railway
network systems. The distance from Dhaka to nearly all major destinations in the southwest region will
be reduced by 100 kilometers (km) or more, that will bring considerable savings in passenger and
commodity movement time and costs, as well as vehicle operation and maintenance costs, while
lengthening the useful life of vehicles, savings in fuel consumption, and reducing the air emission.
Riverbank protection will reduce bank erosion and the incidence of worsened vulnerability and poverty
among people affected by bank erosion. By constructing the bridge, economic development of the
southwest will promote industrial and commercial activity and improve economic and employment
opportunities for local people. There will also be better access to healthcare facilities available at
Dhaka. Easier communication will help expand education and training facilities, and the resulting skills
development will ensure the availability of high-skilled workers. The construction of the bridge over the
Padma River is a top priority development agenda for the Government of Bangladesh (GOB) that will
not only benefit the southwest region but the country as a whole.
3. There is an urgent need to replace unsafe ferry and launch operations between Dhaka and the
southwest region by safer and more reliable surface transport. Overloaded vessels frequently sink in
this waterway when passing through the turbulent confluence of the Padma and Meghna Rivers. The
social, economic, and industrial underdevelopment of the southwest zone, that encompasses
Bangladesh’s second major port, Mongla; its third main city, Khulna; and the inland port at Benapole,
is due in part to difficult access across the Padma River to the rest of the country. A bridge across the
Padma River will certainly strengthen links between the southwest and north-central zones. A
multipurpose bridge will enhance freight, passenger, railway transportation, and utility crossings (high
pressure gas transmission, high voltage power transmission, and optical fiber telecommunication
cable) between Dhaka and major points in the southwest zone and contribute substantially to the
development of the southwest zone as well as to the national and regional economic growth.
1.1.2 Project Location/Setting
4. The Project area is located in the south-central part (Munshiganj, Shariatpur, and Madaripur
Districts) of Bangladesh. The specific area at north side (Mawa) of the Padma Bridge comprises
Lauhajang and Srinagar Upazila in Munshiganj District whereas at south side (Janjira) of the bridge
comprises Janjira Upazila under Shariatpur District and Shibchar Upazila under Madaripur District.
The Project influence area will broadly cover (a) the corridor of the Asian Highway 1 (Tamabil-Sylhet-
Sorail-Kanchpur-Dhaka-Mawa-Bhatiapara-Norail-Jessore-Benapole), (b) the corridor of Trans-Asian
railway network and the railway missing link from Gendaria-Mawa through the bridge to Bhanga-
Kashiani-Narail-Jessore-Benapole and (c) the Charland in up and downstream of the Padma River. In
addition, the network for utility connections (a) high pressure gas transmission line will link the
Bakhrabad Gas Field to Siddirganj to augment gas supply then through an off-take valve at
Langalbandh of Sonargaon Upazila under Narayanganj District will be the source point for gas supply
to Mawa, which will cross the Bridge (on the lower deck) and will follow upto Khulna for completing the

1-1
proposed National Gas Grid, (b) high voltage power transmission line will source power from
Siddirganj in Narayanganj district then Mawa and cross the River (running parallel and away from the
bridge) then to Khulna, and (c) optical fiber telecommunication cable on the lower deck of the bridge.
The detail of the project location is presented in Figure 1-1.

Figure 1-1: Project Location Map

1-2
1.1.3 Key Project Components
5. The project consists of the following direct components:

 Main bridge (6.15km long) and transition structures (Bridge End Viaducts);
 River Training Works;
 Bridge Connecting Approach Roads (about 2.3km at Mawa side and 12.8km at Janjira side)
and associated structures
 6 bridges, 14 culverts, 7 underpasses, and 11 junctions;
 2 Toll Plazas ( 1 at Mawa and other at Janjira);
 2 Construction Yards (area at Mawa= 81ha and at Janjira=78ha);
 2 Service Areas (area at Mawa=27.2ha and at Janjira=63.7ha);
 4 Resettlement Sites (2 at Mawa: RS02: Jashaldia with area 13.96ha, RS03: Kumarbhog with
15.46ha and 2 at Janjira: RS04: Paschim Naodoba with area 19.95ha and RS05:
Bakhorerkandi with area 18.45ha, respectively);
 Future provision of Railway on the lower deck of the bridge; and
 Provision of utility Crossings (high pressure gasmain and optical fiber telecommunication
cable).

Figure 1-2: Project Components

1-3
6. The main components of the Project are shown in Figure 1-2. More detail information on the
Project components is given in Chapter 2.
7. There are some components associated with the Project, which require further assessments like;
widening of Dhaka-Mawa Highway from two to four-lanes, establishment of railway network from
Gendaria-Mawa through the bridge to Bhanga-Kashiani-Narail-Jessore, and bypass Road in Group B
development area of Rajuk (Capital City Development Authority). Implementation of these components
may take place over a period of time. To draw full benefits of the Padma Bridge project,
implementation of these components will be necessary. A general assessment is made since the
correct alignment is not known at this stage.
1.1.4 Project Financing
8. The detailed cost estimate of the project is done during scheme design; the current estimate is
about US$2.4 billion (Table 1-1). GoB has been in discussion with various co-financiers to participate
in the investment of the Project. A number of co-financers has already showed interest and extended
their commitments. These co-financiers include the Asian Development Bank (ADB), the World Bank
(WB), the Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA), and the Islamic Development Bank (IDB).
In addition to the Co-financiers, GoB will also contribute in the implementation of the Project.
Table 1-1: Estimated Project Costa
Project Final Scheme
Component USD million
1. Construction Cost
Main Bridge 907.5b
Services on the Main Bridge 41.4
Approach Roads 131.6
Road Viaducts 60.5
Rail Viaducts 7.8
Rail facilities 36.8
Bridge End Facilities 68.3
River Training Works 597.4
Ferry Route Adjustment 8.0
Construction Yard 57.5
Total Construction Cost 1916.8
2. Engineering Cost
Construction Supervision 46.4c
3. Administration Cost
Construction supervision - 10% Construction Supervision 4.6

4. Land Acquisition & Resettlement & EMP cost 210

5. Physical Contingency 85.9d

6. Duty Tax (VAT etc) 155.3e

Total Project Cost 2,419

Source: Project Cost Estimate, April 8, 2010

Notes:
a Cost will be updated once again after the engineers’s estimate
b Includes contractor on‐costs for site overheads, supervision and margin (estimated at 11.57% of construction cost)
c estimated at 3% of the construction cost excluding contractor on‐costs
d estimated at 5.0% of the construction cost excluding contractor on‐costs
e estimated at 14.5% of the cost of imported items

1.1.5 Present Stage of Project Preparation

9. The Project is now in its detailed design stage. In the process of detailed design, various
alternatives have been reviewed to arrive at the preferred project design. In arriving at the preferred

1-4
option, a consideration has been made to technical, economic, proven successful previous use,
aesthetic, environmental and social aspects of the alternatives.

1.2 Environmental Policy, Legal, and Institutional Framework

10. Regulatory requirements toward protection and conservation of environment and various
environmental resources and also toward protection of social environment from adverse impact of
projects and activities associated with them have been enunciated by the GoB as well as the co-
financiers Pertinent among these requirements are summarized as under.
1.2.1 Government Environmental Policy, Regulations, and Guidelines
1.2.1.1 National Environmental Policy, 1992
11. The Bangladesh National Environmental Policy, approved in May 1992, sets out the basic
framework for environmental action together with a set of broad sectoral action guidelines. Key
elements of the Policy are:

Maintaining ecological balance and ensuring sustainable development of the country through
protection and conservation of the environment
 Protecting the country from natural disasters
 Identifying and regulating all activities that pollute and destroy the environment
 Ensuring environment-friendly development in all sectors
 Ensuring sustainable and environmentally sound management of the natural resources
 Maintaining active association, as far as possible, with all international initiatives related to
environment
12. The Environmental Policy of 1992, which amongst other policies, seeks to ensure that transport
systems, including roads and inland waterways, do not pollute the environment or degrade resources.
The Policy states that Environmental Impact Assessments (EIA) should be conducted before projects
are undertaken.
1.2.1.2 National Environment Management Action Plan (NEMAP), 1995
13. The National Environmental Management Action Plan (NEMAP) is a wide-ranging and multi-
faceted plan, which builds on and extends the statements, set out in the National Environmental
Policy. NEMAP was developed to address issues and management requirements during the period
1995 to 2005, and set out of the framework within which the recommendations of the National
Conservation Strategy are to be implemented. NEMAP was developed based on the following broad
objectives:

 Identification of key environmental issues affecting Bangladesh

 Identification of actions necessary to halt or reduce the rate of environmental degradation
 Improvement of the natural environment
 Conservation of habitats and bio-diversity
 Promotion of sustainable development
 Improvement of the quality of life of the people

14. To this end, it has grouped all the relevant necessary actions under four heads: institutional,
sectoral, location-specific and long-term issues. The institutional aspects reflect the need of inter-
sectoral cooperation to tackle environmental problems those need new and appropriate institutional
mechanisms at national and local levels. The sectoral aspects reflect the way the Ministries and
agencies are organized and make it easier to identify the agency to carry out the recommended
actions. The location-specific aspect focuses on particularly acute environmental problems at local
levels that need to be addressed on a priority basis. The long-term issues include environmental
degradation of such degree that it might become more serious and threatening than they seem to be if
their cognizance is not immediately taken.

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1.2.1.3 The Environment Conservation Act, 1995 (subsequent amendments in 2000 and 2002)
15. The provisions of the Act authorize the Director General (DG) of Department of Environment to
undertake any activity he deems fit and necessary to conserve and enhance the quality of environment
and to control, prevent and mitigate pollution. The main highlights of the act are:

 Declaration of Ecologically Critical Areas;

 Obtaining Environmental Clearance Certificate;
 Regulation with respect to vehicles emitting smoke harmful for the environment;
 Regulation of development activities from environmental perspective;
 Promulgation of standards for quality of air, water, noise, and soils for different areas and for
different purposes;
 Promulgation of acceptable limits for discharging and emitting waste;
 Formulation of environmental guidelines relating to control and mitigation of environmental
pollution, conservation and improvement of environment
1.2.1.4 Environment Conservation Rules, 1997 (subsequent amendments in 2002 and 2003)
16. The Environment Conservation Rules, 1997 are the first set of rules promulgated under the
Environment Conservation Act, 1995. These Rules provide for, inter alia, the following:

 The national Environmental Quality Standards (EQS) for ambient air, surface water,
groundwater, drinking water, industrial effluents, emissions, noise and vehicular exhaust;
 Categorization of industries, development projects and other activities on the basis of actual
(for existing industries/development projects/activities) and anticipated (for proposed
industries/development projects/activities) pollution load;
 Procedure for obtaining environmental clearance;
 Requirement for undertaking IEE and EIA as well as formulating EMP according to categories
of industries/development projects/activities;
 Procedure for damage-claim by persons affected or likely to be affected due to polluting
activities or activities causing hindrance to normal civic life.

17. Depending upon location, size and severity of pollution loads, projects/activities have been
classified in ECR, 1997 into four categories: Green, Orange A, Orange B and Red respectively, to nil,
minor, medium and severe impacts on important environmental components (IECs). Corresponding
categories of bridge projects are based on lengths and are as under:

 Red Category
 Item 67: include construction / reconstruction / extension of Regional, National and
International highways/ railways.
 Item 68: include construction/ reconstruction / extension of bridges over 100 meters in
length.
 Orange B Category
 Item 63: include construction / reconstruction / extension of Feeder road (District road),
local streets.
 Item 64: include construction / reconstruction / extension of bridges under 100 meters in
length.
1.2.1.5 The EIA Guidelines for Industry, 1997
18. The EIA Guidelines is a handbook for procedures for preparing the EIAs and for reviewing them
for the benefit of the development partners, EIA Consultants, reviewers, and academicians. While
preparing these guidelines, the present environmental status as well as the need for rapid economic
development of Bangladesh has been kept in view. These considerations have essentially resulted in
simpler procedures to be followed for preparing the EIAs and their review.

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1.2.1.6 Relevant National Polices
19. Table 1-2 presents an outline of the other National legal instruments that will have relevance to
the proposed PMPB with respect to the social and environment considerations. The EIA is prepared in
compliance with these national policies.
Table 1-2: National Legal Instruments
Act/Rule/Law/Ordinance Responsible Agency- Key Features-Potential Applicability
Ministry/Authority
Environment Court Act, 2000 Ministry of Environment  GOB has given highest priority
and subsequent amendments and Forest to environment pollution and
in 2002 passed ‘Environment Court Act,
2000 for completing
environment related legal
proceedings effectively
National Land Transport Roads and Highways  All new roads and major
Policy, 2004 Department improvements will be subjected
to an Environmental Impact
Assessment,
 Funding will be provided for
mitigation measures,
 The Government will publish
environmental standards for
new roads and new design
standards addressing
environmental issues.
The National Water Policy, Ministry of Water  Protection, restoration and
1999 Resources enhancement of water
resources;
 Protection of water quality,
including strengthening
regulations concerning agro-
chemicals and industrial
effluent;
 Sanitation and potable water;
 Fish and fisheries; and
 Participation of local
communities in all water sector
development.
The Vehicle Act, 1927 Bangladesh Road  Exhaust emission;
The Motor Vehicles Transport Authority  Vehicular air and noise
Ordinance, 1983 (BRTA) pollution;
The Bengal Motor Vehicle  Road/traffic safety;
Rules, 1940  Vehicle Licensing and
Registration
 Fitness of Motor Vehicles
 Parking bylaws.
The Brick Burning (Control) Ministry of Environment  Control of brick burning
Act, 1989 and Forest  Requires a license from the
The Brick Burning (Control) MoEF for operation;
Amendment Act, 1992 and  Restricts brick burning with fuel
2001 wood
The Removal of Wrecks and Bangladesh Water  Removal of wrecks and
Obstructions in inland Transport Authority obstructions in inland Navigable
Navigable Water Ways Rules Waterways
1973
Water Supply and Sanitation Ministry of Local  Management and Control of

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Act/Rule/Law/Ordinance Responsible Agency- Key Features-Potential Applicability
Ministry/Authority
Act, 1996 Government, Rural water supply and sanitation in
Development and urban areas.
Cooperatives
The Ground Water Upazila Parishad  Management of ground water
Management Ordinance 1985 resources;
 Tube well shall not be installed
in any place without the license
granted by Upazila Parishad
The Forest Act, 1927 and Ministry of Environment  Reserve Forests;
subsequent amendments in and Forest  Protected Forests;
1982 and 1989  Village Forests
National Forest Policy, 1979 Ministry of Environment  Afforestation of 20% land.
with amendment in 1994 and Forest  Bio-diversity of the existing
degraded forests
 Strengthening of agricultural
sector
 Control of Global warming,
desertification, control of trade
in wild birds and animals
 Prevention illegal occupation of
the forestlands, free felling and
haunting of wild animals
The Private Forests Ordinance Regional Forest Officer, Conservation of private forests and for
Act, 1959 Forest Department the afforestation on wastelands
Bangladesh Wild Life Ministry of Environment Preservation of Wildlife Sanctuaries,
(Preservation) Act, 1974 and Forest parks, reserves
Bangladesh Wild Life
Advisory Board
National Biodiversity Strategy Ministry of Environment  Conserve, and restore the
and Action Plan (2004) and Forest biodiversity of the country for
Bangladesh Wild Life well being of the present and
Advisory Board future generations;
 Maintain and to improve
environmental stability for
ecosystems;
 Ensure preservation of the
unique biological heritage of the
nation for the benefit of the
present and future generations;
 Guarantee the safe passage
and conservation of globally
endangered migratory species,
especially birds and mammals
in the country; and
 Stop introduction of invasive
alien species, genetically
modified organisms and living
modified organisms.
The Protection and Ministry of Fisheries and Protection and Conservation of fishes in
Conservation of Fish Act 1950 Livestock Government owned water bodies
subsequent amendments in
1982
National Fisheries Policy, Ministry of Fisheries and  Preservation, management and
1998 Livestock exploitation of fisheries
resources in inland open water;

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Act/Rule/Law/Ordinance Responsible Agency- Key Features-Potential Applicability
Ministry/Authority
 Fish cultivation and
management in inland closed
water;
 Prawn and fish cultivation in
coastal areas; and
 Preservation, management and
exploitation of sea fishery
resources
The Embankment and Ministry of Water An Act to consolidate the laws relating
Drainage Act 1952 Resources to embankment and drainage and to
make better provision for the
construction, maintenance,
management, removal and control of
embankments and water courses for
the better drainage of lands and for
their protection from floods, erosion and
other damage by water
Antiquities Act 1968 Ministry of Cultural This legislation governs preservation of
Affairs the national cultural heritage, protects
and controls ancient monuments,
regulates antiquities as well as the
maintenance, conservation and
restoration of protected sites and
monuments, controls planning,
exploration and excavation of
archaeological sites.
The Acquisition and Ministry of Land Current GoB Act and Guidelines,
Requisition of Immovable relating to acquisition and requisition of
Property Ordinance 1982 and land.
subsequent amendments in
1994, 1995 and 2004
The Factories Act, 1965 Ministry of Labor This Act pertains to the occupational
Bangladesh Labour Law, 2006 rights and safety of factory workers and
the provision of a comfortable work
environment and reasonable working
conditions.
National Landuse Policy, 2001 Ministry of Land The plan deals with land uses for
several purposes including agriculture
(crop production, fishery and livestock),
housing, forestry, industrialization,
railways and roads, tea and rubber. The
plan basically identifies land use
constraints in all these sectors.
National Agriculture Policy, Ministry of Agriculture The act deals with the programs related
1999 to make the nation self-sufficient in food
through increasing production of all
crops, including cereals, and ensure a
dependable food security system for all
Draft Wetland Policy, 1998 Ministry of Environment  Establishment of principles for
and Forest sustainable use of wetland
resource;
 Maintenance of existing level of
biological diversity;
 Maintenance of the functions
and values of wetlands; and

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Act/Rule/Law/Ordinance Responsible Agency- Key Features-Potential Applicability
Ministry/Authority
 Promotion and recognition of
the value of wetland functions
in resource management and
economic development.
1.2.1.7 List of International Treaties and Conventions Signed by Bangladesh
20. List of environment related international conventions, protocols, treaties signed/ratified or
accessed by Bangladesh are given in Table 1-3
Table 1-3: List of International Treaties and Conventions Signed by Bangladesh
No. Environment Related International Signed Ratified/Accessed Being Ratified
Conventions, Protocols and treaties (AC)/Accepted
(AT)/Adaptation (AD)
01 International Plant Protection Convention 01.09.78
(Rome, 1951)
02 International Convention for the 28.12.81
Prevention of Pollution of the Sea by Oil (entry into force)
(London. 1954 (as amended on 11 April
1962 and 21 October 1969)
03 Plant Protection Agreement for the 04.12.74 (AC)
South East Asia and Pacific Region (as (entry into force)
amended) (Rome, 1956)
04 Treaty Banning Nuclear Weapon Tests 13.03.85
in the Atmosphere, in Outer Space and
under Water (Moscow, 1963)
05 Treaty on Principles governing the 14.10.86 (AC)
Activities of States in the Exploration and
use of outer Space Including the Moon
and Other Celestial Bodies (London,
Moscow, Washington, 1967)
06 International Convention Relating to 04.02.82
Intervention on the High Seas in Cases (entry into force)
of Oil Pollution Casualties (Brussels,
1969)
07 Convention on Wetlands of International 20.04.92
Importance especially as Waterfowl (ratified)
Habitat (Ramsar, 1971) (“Ramsar
Convention”)
08 Convention on the Prohibition of the 13.03.85
Development, Production and
Stockpiling of Bacteriological (Biological)
and Toxic Weapons, and on Their
Destruction (London, Moscow,
Washington, 1972)
09 Convention Concerning the Protection of 03.08.83
the World Cultural and natural Heritage (Accepted)
(Paris, 1972) 03.11.83 (ratified)
10 Convention on International Trade in 20.11.81 18.02.82
Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and
flora (Washington, 1973.) (“CITES
Convention”)
11 United Nations Convention on the Law of 10.12.82
the Sea (Montego Bay, 1982.)
12 Vienna Convention for the Protection of 02.08.90 (AC)
the Ozone Layer (Vienna, 1985.) 31.10.90
(entry into force)
13 Montreal Protocol on Substances that 02.08.90

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No. Environment Related International Signed Ratified/Accessed Being Ratified
Conventions, Protocols and treaties (AC)/Accepted
(AT)/Adaptation (AD)
Deplete the ozone Layer (Montreal 31.10.90(AC)
1987.) (entry into force)
13a. London Amendment to the Montreal 18.03.94 (AC)
Protocol on substances that Deplete the 16.06.94
Ozone Layer (London, 1990) (entry into force)
13b. Copenhagen Amendment to the 27.11.2000 (AT)
Montreal protocol on Substances that 26.02.2001
Deplete the Ozone Layer, Copenhagen, (entry into force)
1992.
13c. Montreal Amendment of the Montreal 27.07.2001
Protocol on Substances that Deplete the (Accepted)
Ozone Layer, Montreal, 1997. 26.10.2001
(entry into force)
14 Convention on Early Notification of a 07.02.88
Nuclear Accident (Vienna, 1986.) (entry into force)
07.01.88 (ratified)
15 Convention on Assistance in the Case of 07.01.88 (ratified)
a Nuclear Accident of Radiological 07.02.88
Emergency (Vienna, 1986.) (entry into force)
16 Agreement on the Network of 15.05.90
Aquaculture Centres in Asia and the (ratified)
Pacific (Bangkok, 1988.)
17 Basel Convention on the Control of 01.04.93 (AC)
Trans boundary Movements Wastes and
Their Disposal (Basel, 1989.)
18 International Convention on Oil Pollution 30.11.90 In the process
Preparedness, Response and of ratification
Cooperation (London, 1990.)
19 United Nations Framework Convention 09.06.92 15.04.94
on Climate Change, (New York, 1992.)
20 Convention on Biological Diversity, (Rio 05.06.92 03.05.94
De Janeiro, 1992.)
21 International Convention to Combat 14.10.94 26.01.1996
Desertification, (Paris 1994.) (Ratification)
26.12.1996
(entry into force)
22 Convention on the Prohibition of Military 03.10.79 (AC)
or Any Other Hostile Use of (entry into force)
Environmental Modification Techniques,
(Geneva, 1976.)
23 Agreement Relating to the 28.07.96
Implementation of Part XI of the United
Nations Convention on the Law of the
Sea of 10 December 1982 (New York,
1994.)
24 Agreement for the Implementation of the 04.12.95
Provisions of the United Nations
Convention on the Law of the Sea of 10
December 1982 Relating to the
Conservation and Management of
Straddling Fish Stocks and Highly
Migratory Fish Stocks (New York, 1995.)
25 Convention on the Prohibition of the 14.01.93
Development, Production, Stockpiling
and Use of Chemical Weapons and on
their Destruction (Paris, 1993.)

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No. Environment Related International Signed Ratified/Accessed Being Ratified
Conventions, Protocols and treaties (AC)/Accepted
(AT)/Adaptation (AD)
26 United Nations Convention to Combat 14.10.94 26.01.96
Desertification in those Countries
Experiencing Serious Drought and / or
Desertification, Particularly in Africa
(Paris, 1994.)
27 Convention on Nuclear Safety (Vienna, 21.09.95 21.09.95 (AT)
1994.)
28 Cartagena protocol on Biosafety to the 24.05.2000 In the process
Convention on Biological Diversity. of ratification
29 Convention on persistent Organic 23.05.2001 In the process
Pollutants, Stockholm. of ratification
30 Kyoto protocol to the United Nations 21.08.2001 (AC)
Framework Convention on Climate 11.12.1997 (AD)
Change.

1.2.1.8 Environmental Clearance

21. The Department of Environment (DOE), the technical arm of the Ministry of Environment and
Forest (MOEF) is the regulatory body and the enforcement agency of all environmental related
activities. Like all other projects, this project also needs to meet the requirement of the DOE. An
environmental assessment (EA) study needs to be undertaken for obtaining the environmental
clearance. As per ECR 1997, the proposed Padma Multi-purpose Bridge having the length of about
6.15km falls under the Red Category and hence, necessitates a full-scale EIA. Steps to be followed for
obtaining Environmental Clearance Certificate (ECC) in connection with the construction/
reconstruction / extension of bridges over 100 meter in length (under Red Category) from DOE are
outlined in Figure 1-3. Public participation or consultation is not a condition in the ECR 1997 and or
EIA Guidelines, however, DOE prefers the proponent to engage in public participation and put
conditions while providing site clearance or during the approval of the EIA TOR.

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 Red Category
Projects

IEE, NOCs, and other

supporting documents Within 60
working days from
the date of
application
Issuance of Site Clearance

Exemption Application for

Site Clearance
Prepare TOR for EIA Study
for Approval by DOE
Within 15
working days from
the date of
submission Approved TOR
for EIA Study

Prepare and
May Start Land and
Submission of EIA
Infrastructural
with EMP for
Development
Approval
Within 60
working days from
the date of
application
Approved EIA
with EMP

Application for
Environmental
Clearance Certificate Within 30
working days from
the date of
application
Issuance of ECC

Project Starts

Annual Renewal of
ECC 30 days before
Expiry

Figure 1-3: Steps followed for Environmental Clearance Certificate for Red Category Projects

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1.3 Environmental Safeguards of Co-Financiers
1.3.1 ADB Environmental Requirements
22. According to ADB Safeguard Policy Statement (2009) and Operational Manual F1 (2010), the
Project is classified as category “A” and therefore an EIA is required for the Project. The process of
determining a project’s environment category is to prepare a Rapid Environmental Assessment (REA).
REA requires the completion of the environmental categorization form prior to the project initiation.
REA uses sector-specific screening checklist, taking into account the type, size, and location of the
proposed project; sensitivity and vulnerability of environmental resources in project area; and the
potential for the project to cause significant adverse environmental impacts. A project is classified as
one of the four environmental categories (A, B, C, or FI) based on the most environmentally sensitive
component. Categories are as follows:

Category A: A proposed project is classified as category A if it is likely to have significant adverse

environmental impacts that are irreversible, diverse, or unprecedented. These impacts may affect an
area larger than the sites or facilities subject to physical works. An environmental impact assessment
(EIA), including an environmental management plan (EMP), is required.

Category B: A proposed project is classified as category B if its potential adverse environmental

impacts are less adverse than those of category A projects. These impacts are site-specific, few if any
of them are irreversible, and in most cases mitigation measures can be designed more readily than for
category A projects. An initial environmental examination (IEE), including an EMP, is required.

Category C: A proposed project is classified as category C if it is likely to have minimal or no adverse

environmental impacts. An EIA or IEE is not required, although environmental implications need to be
reviewed.

Category FI: A proposed project is classified as category FI if it involves the investment of ADB funds
to, or through, a financial intermediary.

23. For Category ‘A’ projects, the EIA (including EMP), is reviewed by ADB’s Operations Department
and the executing agency. Depending on the scope of public consultation activities, additional
comments would be sought from the project affected people and other stakeholders. All comments are
to be incorporated into the final documents. The BBA and DOE make a final review of the EIA report.
The BBA then officially submits the reports to ADB for submission to the Board of Directors. When the
borrower/client submits the EIA and/or IEE, , the operations department reviews them to confirm that
(i) relevant information on potential project impacts and mitigation measures, including information
from the EIA and/or IEE, has been made available, in a timely manner and before project appraisal, in
an accessible place, and in a form and language(s) understandable to project-affected people and
other stakeholders; and (ii) information disclosure requirements during project implementation are
appropriately specified.

24. The operations department ensures that the following safeguard documents are posted on ADB’s
website: (i) draft EIA report at least 120 days before Board consideration for an environment category
A project; (ii) the final or updated EIA or IEE, upon receipt. The project team makes the draft IEE
reports available to interested stakeholders before project approval by the Board on request. In
addition, if the final IEE is not available upon Board approval, the draft IEE is posted on ADB's website
upon Board approval of a project.
1.3.2 The World Bank Requirements
25. The World Bank procedures for EA study cover policies, guidelines and good practices. The
World Bank guidelines therefore follow the national best practices for such work in Bangladesh. The
environment safeguard policies those may be applicable to PMBP are the following:

 Environmental Assessment (EA) (OP 4.01/BP/GP 4.01): An Environmental Assessment is

conducted to ensure that Bank-financed projects are environmentally sound and sustainable,
and that decision-making is improved through appropriate analysis of actions and of their likely
environmental impacts. Any World Bank project that is likely to have potential adverse

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 environmental risks and impacts in its area of influence requires an EA indicating the potential
risks, mitigation measures and environmental management framework or plan.

 Natural Habitats (OP/BP 4.04): Natural habitats are land and water areas where most of the
original native plant and animal species are still present. Natural habitats comprise many
types of terrestrial, freshwater, coastal, and marine ecosystems. They include areas lightly
modified by human activities, but retaining their ecological functions and native species. The
Natural habitats policy is triggered by any project (including any subproject under a sector
investment or financial intermediary loan) with the potential to cause significant conversion
(loss) or degradation of natural habitats, whether directly (through construction) or indirectly
(through human activities induced by the project). The policy has separate requirements for
critical (either legally or proposed to be protected or high ecological value) and non-critical
natural habitats. The Bank’s interpretation of “significant conversion or degradation” is on a
case-by-case basis for each project, based on the information obtained through the EA.

 Forest (OP/GP 4.36): This policy is triggered by forest sector activities and other Bank
sponsored interventions, which have the potential to impact significantly upon forested areas.
The Bank does not finance commercial logging operations but aims to reduce deforestation,
enhance the environmental contribution of forested areas, promote afforestation, reduce
poverty and encourage economic development.

 Physical and Cultural Resources (OP 4.11): Physical cultural resources are defined as
movable or immovable objects, sites, structures, groups of structures, natural features and
landscapes that have archaeological, paleontological, historical, architectural, religious,
aesthetic, or other cultural significance. Physical cultural resources may be located in urban
or rural settings, and may be above ground, underground, or underwater. The Bank seeks to
assist countries to manage their physical cultural resources and to avoid or mitigate adverse
impact of development projects on these resources. This policy is triggered for any project
that requires an EA.

 Policy on Disclosure of Information, 2002: There are disclosure requirements at every part
of the project preparation and implementation process. Consultation with affected groups and
local community should take place during scoping and before Terms of references (ToRs) are
prepared; when the draft EA is prepared; and throughout project implementation as
necessary. The Borrower makes the draft EA and any separate EA report available in country
in a local language and at a public place accessible to project-affected groups and local
community prior to appraisal.
 World Bank Country Environmental Analysis, 2006: Chapter 4: Management of Capture
Fisheries highlights how the inland capture fisheries, a valuable resource for the poor, have
come under threat due to encroachment and degradation of natural assets and rapid
urbanization. It also underscores the need for management controls in the coastal capture
fishery. This chapter also looks into policies and institutions for capture fisheries management
and offers recommendations for improving the situation.
1.3.3 The Japan International Cooperation Agency Requirements
26. “JICA Guidelines for Loan Aid (Japan Bank for International Cooperation Guidelines for
Confirmation of Environmental and Social Considerations, April 2002)” provide four categories of
projects as per its environmental classification system. The Projects classified under this system are
screened for the anticipated environmental impacts and are set under relevant categories. JICA has
classified Projects in the following four categories:

 Category A: A proposed project is classified as Category A if it is likely to have significant

adverse impact on the environment. Borrowers and related parties must submit Environmental
Impact Assessment (EIA) reports. For projects that will result in large-scale involuntary
resettlement, basic resettlement plans must be submitted. EIA and other reports need to be
submitted through the borrower before the JICA environmental reviews.

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  Category B: A proposed project is classified as Category B if its potential adverse
environmental impact is less adverse than that of Category A projects.
 Category C: A proposed project is classified as Category C if it is likely to have minimal or no
adverse environmental impact.
 Category FI: A proposed project is classified as Category FI if it satisfies all of the following:
o JICA’s funding of the project is provided to a financial intermediary etc.;
o the selection and assessment of the actual sub-projects is substantially undertaken
by such an institution only after JICA’s approval of the funding and therefore the sub-
projects cannot be specified prior to JICA’s approval of funding (or assessment of the
project); and
o those sub-projects are expected to have potential impact on the environment.

27. The PMBDP, as per the above categorization, falls under Category A for the purpose of
environmental investigations. Final EIA report approved by DOE needs to be laid open for public
inspection at the JICA headquarter 120 days before a loan agreement for category A projects.
1.3.4 The Islamic Development Bank (IDB) Requirements
28. The EA Guidelines of the Islamic Development Bank is reported to be in process and is yet to be
published. Hence, no reference could be made to these guidelines.

1.4 Harmonized Environmental Safeguard Requirements of the Co-financiers

29. In view of the possibilities of support from the above co-financiers, the environmental assessment
of the Project will need to satisfy the requirements of the Government as well as those of ADB, WB,
JICA, IDB, and KFAED. It is appropriate therefore to develop a harmonized environmental safeguard
framework for conducting the EIA study for the Padma Bridge project. Accordingly, a harmonized
environmental safeguard framework is developed and presented in Annex 1-1. The terms-of-reference
for the environmental assessment (EA) study was prepared on this basis. These ToRs have been
reviewed and approved by the BBA, DOE and by the co-financiers.

1.5 Review of the Past Environmental Assessment and Related Studies

30. GoB has carried out a number of studies on its own and with the assistance from the co-financiers
for the Padma Bridge. A prefeasibility study was carried out in 2000 by GoB. This study was followed
by the first feasibility study supported by JICA in 2005. The JICA study formed the basis for the GOB
to proceed with the design and construction of the bridge. As a next step in 2006, BBA undertook a
safeguard study and prepared environmental and resettlement documents. Asian Development Bank
(ADB) prepared a project preparatory technical assistance (PPTA) in 2007. This led to preparation of a
TA loan to develop the detailed design of the Padma bridge including River-training works and
approach roads, and to assist GoB in engaging detailed design consultant. These studies formed the
basis for the current design consultant’s work, especially in the area of environment and resettlement
safeguard issues.

31. The present Environmental Assessment (EA) builds on the previous environmental studies with
additional focus in climate change, associated regional impacts, and railway and utility connections.
The study covers impacts of project components such as 6.15km long bridge, approach roads, River
training works (RTWs), bridge-end-facilities (service areas, construction yards and toll plazas),
resettlement sites (RS), and railway integration with two stations and docking facilities, high pressure
gasmain and high voltage power transmission lines and optical fiber cable on the bridge. In addition to
the above components, the EA also addressed regional impacts and on cumulative basis to reflect on
associated components such as widening of the national highway and connectivity to rail network that
may be implemented in the future.
1.5.1 Key elements of the Review
32. Basis of the review process of each of the above studies have been:
 Environmental Guidelines followed;
 Scope or the Boundaries considered;
 Nature of the study (IEE, EIA and EMP);

1-16
  Baseline parameters;
 Level of consultations;
 Study findings;
 Mitigation/enhancement measures and the costs; and
 Recommendations made for further assessment.
1.5.2 Pre-feasibility Study (February 2000 IEE)
33. IEE process during the Pre-feasibility Study of the proposed Padma Multipurpose Bridge Project
followed the requirements of the Environment Conservation Act, 1995 and the Environment
Conservation Rules, 1997 as well as the guidelines on environmental issues related to physical
planning formulated by the Local Government Engineering Department of the GoB.

34. Boundaries considered for the IEE had been the two potential locations – Corridor 1: Mawa
Corridor and Corridor 2: Goalundo Corridor of the project of which the Corridor 1: Mawa Corridor had
been the primary focus. The preferred Project location was identified near the ferryghat of Mawa
around 35km upstream of the confluence between the Padma and the Meghna with the northern
approach roads crossing upazila Lauhajang and Srinagar of Munshiganj district and the southern
approach through upazila Shibchar and Bhanga, respectively, in Madaripur and Faridpur districts. No
specific boundaries were considered for baseline environmental monitoring.

35. Baseline environmental parameters that were considered in the IEE process had been the
general topography, geology, seismology and soils, climate, air quality and noise level, employment
and land use, and surface water and ground water for the project location. The February 2000 IEE
anticipated project activities resulting in negative impacts on erosion, siltation and bank stability, soil
quality, surface water quality, ground water quality, air quality and noise quality and agricultural
productivity and in hindrance to navigation and road traffic, social disruption, lowering of nutritional
status, occupational and other health hazards.

36. Cost toward mitigation of negative impacts and enhancement of positive impacts due to the
project toward the protection of the environmental interests in the project area has been estimated to
TK 34.985 million.

37. The following actions were recommended:

 Utilization of post-construction experience of Bangabandhu (Jamuna) Bridge in EIA and EMP

of the proposed Padma Multipurpose Bridge
 Inventory of wildlife in and around project area
 Collecting baseline information not covered in the study (hydrological impact due to the bridge,
agricultural practices and production, cropping pattern, fish catch, ground and surface water
quality, quality of River bed materials etc.)
 Exploring ways of reducing noise pollution during construction phase
 Providing for cross-drainage along and across flood-plains during design phase
 Undertaking monitoring of ground water quality, ground water level and agricultural practices
within project area during and after construction phases
 Undertaking monitoring of changes that are likely to take place in agricultural practices and
achieved production in areas bordering the project-affected zones
 Afforestation of approach road embankments and bridge-ends.
1.5.3 JICA Feasibility Study (March 2005 IEE and EIA)
38. JICA IEE and EIA studies had followed the guidelines of JICA and the GoB together with a review
of those of the ADB and the World Bank. The studies had their focus on boundaries comprising two
project sites: (a) the Paturia-Goalundo site encompassing Paturia ferry ghat in Shibalay upazila of
Manikganj district and Daulatdia ferry ghat in Goalundo upazila of Rajbari district, and (b) the Mawa-
Janjira site encompassing the point at about 2km from Mawa ferry ghat in Lauhajang upazila of
Munshiganj district and Janjira at about 10km from Kathalbari ferry ghat in Janjira upazila of Shariatpur
district. Of these two sites of the project, the Mawa-Janjira site was considered in the review process.

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39. Specific boundary for various components considered for the study comprised of access road
ROW = 150m strip, RTW = 300m strip, service area (2.5km x 2.5km) = 6.25km2, and Toll gate (200m x
400m) = 80,000m2.

40. Baseline parameters selected for the above studies had been those belonging to the project area
are General Natural Environment (Meteorology, Topography and Geology, Hydrology and Landscape),
Ecological Environment (Flora and Fauna), Environmentally Protected and Sensitive Areas,
Environmental Pollution (Water, Air and Noise) and Social Environment (Socio-economic Condition,
Social Infrastructure, Water Rights). The following are the details of the baseline environmental quality
survey:

Site of Sample
Components Parameters Date of Sample Collection
Collection
Air Quality Pb, CO, SOx, NOx, and 2 points at Mawa and 4 During 8 to 9 and 22 to 26
SPM points at Janjira, along Sept 2004 at Mawa and
the proposed alignment Janjira respectively.
Noise Average and peak of 10 2 points at Mawa and 4 During 8 to 9 and 22 to 26
minute continuous points at Janjira, along Sept 2004 at Mawa and
the proposed alignment Janjira respectively.
Surface water BOD, COD, pH, TDS, 3 points at Mawa and 5 9 September 2004 at Mawa
quality DO, SS and Grease & points at Janjira (Note and 25 Sep 2004 at Janjira
Oil 1)
Ground water pH, Mn, Fe, As, Fe, 2 points at Mawa and 2 9 September 2004 at Mawa
quality NH3-N2 and Chloride as points at Janjira, along and 25 Sep 2004 at Janjira
Chlorine the proposed alignment
River bed Zn, Cu, Hg and Mn 1 point at Mawa and 1 9 and 18 Sept 2004 at
material point at Janjira Mawa and Janjira
Note 1: 3 points at Mawa end (one from Padma River, one from pond, and one from the flood plain)
and 5 points at Janjira end (one from Padma River, one from pond, two from channel crossed, and
one from the flood plain)

41. The JICA study process undertook disclosure and public consultation meetings at both Mawa and
Janjira sites in which the total number of persons attended had been 81 at Mawa site, while that at
Janjira site had been 185. Participatory Rapid Appraisal (PRA) meetings involved presence of 48 in
Mawa site and 94 at Janjira site, while Focus Group Discussion (FDG) meetings involved 79 at Mawa
site and 171 at Janjira site.

42. JICA IEE and EIA studies had selected 40 Important Environmental Components (IECs)
pertaining to the Project sites for impact analysis. The impact ratings had resulted in 8 IECs having
positive impacts, 16 negative and the rest 8 having zero impacts. JICA EIA study had focused on
Mawa-Janjira site with the respective above boundary and 40 IECs pertaining to the project area.

43. The specific findings of JICA Environmental Assessment study are as follows:

 From the hydro model study done by IWM it is known that impact of the bridge on regional
hydrology & flooding pattern will be minimal as WL of the Padma will be increased only about
0.10m. As the width of the bridge will not be constricted (only about 1% obstruction due to
piers) and the length of the proposed bridge span is 180m, River erosion/siltation will be
limited.
 Adequate w/o of the 6 bridges and 14 culverts on the approach road at Janjira side will
mitigate drainage congestion.
 A total of 327,868 trees of which 63,105 banana and 149,045 bamboo trees will need to be
cut. This loss can be compensated by re planting of 238,692 trees.
 A total of 58 ponds (A=4.18ha) and 74 ditches (A=2.66ha) will be affected by the project. As a
result, fish production loss will be about 11MT/Year which may be compensated by fish culture
in new borrow pit ponds in the RS areas & other areas.
 Any designated EPA/ESA is not located within or close to any component of the project

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  There is no exclusive habitat of any endangered species near the project site. However
Padma is a secondary habitat of 2 endangered species namely Shushuk (Dolphin) & Gangetic
Gharial.
 Padma River is an important migratory route for hilsha fish.
 Due to LA of 616ha, about 3,150 houses (3000 households) will be affected. RAP will be
prepared to mitigate these important issues.
 Due to acquisition of 231ha agricultural land, agricultural production loss will be about
2,396MT/Year.
 A total of 41 cultural establishments including school, madrasha, mosque, eidgah, graveyards
& Hindu crematory places will be affected.

44. With the proposed mitigation/enhancement measures, overall impact will be limited. The
estimated EMP cost for mitigating the negative impacts and enhance the positive impacts is about
USD 3 million.

45. The study recommended the following actions:

 Ground water analysis for parameters pH, hardness, COD, NH3-N, nitrate, nitrite, PO4-as P,
total coliform, fecal coliform, Cl-, Fe, As and Mn
 Surface water analysis for parameters pH, EC, Cl-, TSS, TDS, total coliform, fecal coliform,
DO, BOD, COD, Ca, T-P, NH3-N, nitrate, nitrite, Fe, As, and oil and grease
 Present and future peak and average noise-level during both day and night
 Present and future air quality analysis (SOx, NOx, CO, SPM and Pb)
 Dredge material test for Zn, Cu, Hg, Mn, COD, Pb, CN, Cd, Cr, As, Se and VOCs
 Hydrological investigation (for use in EMP) on flooding, drainage, erosion and other indirect
losses
 Study on Hilsa migration
 Undertaking plan on landuse and landscape development
 Charland study
 Wildlife survey
1.5.4 BBA Study (June 2006 EIA, EMP)
46. The BBA EIA had in its focus the guidelines of the GoB and JICA with reviews on the Asian
Development Bank and the World Bank guidelines.

47. The EIA report described the project area encompassing the districts of Munshiganj, Shariatpur
and Madaripur with the proposed Padma Multipurpose Bridge (excluding bridge and viaducts) having a
total length of 5.58km along with approach roads comprising 0.273km at the Mawa site and 12km at
the Janjira site, and RTW comprising 6km on the Mawa site and 10km on the Janjira site. Boundary
considered for EIA study comprised of approach road ROW 150m) strip, RTW 100m for Mawa and
150m for Janjira site, service area (2.5km x 2.5km) = 6,25km2 and Toll gate at Janjira (200m x 400m) =
80,000m2 while that at Mawa (500m x 350m) = 175,000m2.

48. Baseline considered for the BBA study had been Natural Environment of the project area
(General Topography, Regional Hydrology and Flood Pattern, River Erosion and Siltation Pattern,
Drainage Condition, Ecological Environment (Water bodies. Fisheries Situation, Tree Plantation,
Wildlife), Environmental Pollution (Air, Noise and Vibration, Water Pollution) and Social Environment
(Land use Pattern, Historical and Cultural Area, Navigation and Water Transport, Health and
Sanitation, Road Accident). It is noted that almost similar baseline environmental quality survey was
carried out during both BBA and JICA studies.

49. Participants in FGD/PRA conducted during the course of the study process had been 675: 203
(30%) of whom had been farmers, 199 (29%) belonged to the business community and others
constituted the rest 273 (41%). Men and women comprised 586 (87%) and 89 (13%), respectively.

50. Findings of the EIA had been based on the nature of impacts – positive, negative and zero – on
the selected 28 parameters. Without EMP, the study had anticipated 20 IECs to have negative impact

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and positive impacts on 8. On the other hand, implementation of proper EMP would result in 11 IECs
having negative impact while there would be positive to zero impact on 17 IECs.

51. The specific findings of this EIA study are as follows:

 From the hydro model study done by IWM it is known that impact of the bridge on regional
hydrology and flooding pattern will be minimal as WL of the Padma will be increased only
about 0.10m and therefore Charland (Sandbar) impact also will be minimum. As the waterway
opening of the bridge will not be constricted (only about 1% obstruction due to piers), River
erosion/siltation also will be limited.
 Adequate w/o of the 6 bridges and 14 culverts on the approach road at Janjira side will
mitigate drainage congestion.
 The significant environmental pollution will be noise & vibration specially during construction.
Appropriate specification of construction equipment based on ambient pollution level should
be prepared & followed it.
 A total of 177,676 trees (excluding 136,218 banana and 200,629 bamboo) will need to be cut.
This loss can be compensated by replanting of 482,430 suitable local trees (50%wood, 30%
fruits, 10% fuel & 10% medicine trees).
 A total of 65 ponds (A=4.5ha) and 88 derelict ponds (A=4ha) will be affected by the project. As
a result, fish production loss will be about 6.95 MT/Year which may be compensated by fish
culture in new borrow pit ponds in the 5 RS areas.
 Any designated EPA/ESA is not located within or close to any component of the project
 There is no exclusive habitat of any endangered species near the project site. However
Padma is a secondary habitat of 2 endangered species namely Shushuk (Dolphin) & Gangetic
Gharial.
 Padma River is an important migratory route for hilsha fish.
 Due to LA and requisition of 755ha and 163.1ha, 3280 households will be affected. RAP and
landuse plan will be prepared to mitigate these important issues.

 Due to acquisition of 584.43ha agricultural land, agricultural production loss will be about
5,943MT/Year. In addition, crop loss is about 8,913 MT for 6 years requisition of 163.1 ha
agricultural land.
 A total of 54 cultural establishments including school, madrasha, mosque, eidgah, graveyards
and Hindu Crematory Places will be affected.

52. With the proposed mitigation/enhancement measures, overall impact will be limited. The
estimated EMP cost for mitigating the negative impacts and enhance the positive impacts is about
USD 7.6 million.

53. Recommendations of the study are as under:

 Executing physical and mathematical modeling for hydrological investigations during detailed
design stage
 Continuation of hydrological regime monitoring even after construction stage
 Undertaking careful dredging plan to avoid any negative impact on Charland
 Analyzing dredge samples prior to dredging operations
 Tree plantation to include local tree varieties – 30% fruit-bearing, 10% medicine, 10%
fuelwood and 50% timber
 Proposed bridge construction to engage on one side of the River at a time for piling works to
facilitate Hilsa and other fish species along the other side
 Channels crossing the approach roads and guide bund to be kept open to facilitate wildlife
movements, especially, the movement of the aquatic ones
 Wildlife museum to be established at the proposed bridge site, preferably within service area
at Janjira
 Updating of EIA and EMP, if required.
 Monitoring & enforcement of compliance of EMP must be given high priority.

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1.5.5 ADB Study (ADB PPTA May 2007)
54. The ADB Environmental Assessment study had taken into account the ADB Guidelines relevant
to the project and reviewed and analyzed the existing relevant legislations of Bangladesh, e.g., the
Environment Conservation Act, 1995 (ECA,1995), the Environment Conservation Rules, 1997
(ECA,1997), the Bangladesh Wildlife (Preservation) Order, 1973, the Forests Act, 1927, the Protection
and Conservation of Fish Act, 1950 and the Protection and Conservation of Fish Rules, 1985.

55. Baseline considered for ADB study had been Climate, Air Environment, Noise Environment,
Topography, Geology and Soil, Seismicity, Water Resources, Hydrology, River Sediment, Landuse,
Fisheries, Wildlife, Vegetation, Forests, Rare or Endangered Species, Land Acquisition, Economic
Characteristics, Social Infrastructure, Health and Safety and Historical and Cultural Resources.
Primary environmental quality baseline monitoring was done for surface and ground water, and
Riverbed dredged material.

Components Parameters Site of Sample Collection

Surface water Color, temperature, turbidity, EC, hardness, 5 locations

quality chloride, nitrate, BOD, COD, pH, TDS, DO, SS
and Grease & Oil, heavy metals
Ground water Color, temperature, turbidity, EC, hardness, 5 locations
quality chloride, nitrate, BOD, COD, pH, TDS, DO, SS
and Grease & Oil, heavy metals
River bed Moisture, Fe, Pb, Cr, Zn, Cu, Hg Ni, As, Cn, 14 locations
material Se, Cd, and Mn
56. Findings of the May 2007 ADB Environmental Assessment study had focused on the aspects
under the following two major heads:

 Valuable Ecosystem Components (VECs): Terrestrial and Aquatic Flora and Fauna including
Local and Migratory Avian Species and Endangered Species; Landuse (Agricultural and
Fallow lands); Water (Water Quality of River and Ponds, Seizure of Ponds and Ground
Water); Drainage (Flooding and Water-logging, Sedimentation, River Erosion); and
Settlements (Houses, Fishermen and Business).

 Potential Environmental Impacts (PEIs): Physical Environment (Air, Noise, Topography and
Landscape, Soil, Water Bodies, Ground Water, Hydrology and Flooding, River Erosion and
Sedimentation, Landuse, Agriculture); Ecological Environment (Hilsa Migration, Wildlife,
Vegetation); and Socio-economic Environment (Establishments including Graveyards, Bazars,
Madrassahs, Schools, Mosque, Communities, Water Supply and Sanitation, Socio-economic
Status, Accidents, Health and Safety).

57. Estimated environmental management cost had been US$ 6.8 million.

58. The ADB study had recommended the following actions:

 Obtaining prior clearance under ECA, 1995 and ECR, 1997

 Additional EA in case of changes during detailed design and additional work components;
 Sampling of River sediments during bridge construction;
 Arrangement of safe drinking water prior to construction work;
 Adequate training of concerned EA officials as per EMP;
 Developing environmental guidelines with focus on implementation of mitigation measures;
 Implementation of EMP and monitoring plan as per schedule;
 Creating a Wildlife Museum similar to that of Jamuna Multipurpose Bridge;
 Additional flood modeling during detailed design;
 Detailed study with employment of appropriate models for soil erosion downstream of River
training structure; and

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  Public Awareness program for Wildlife Protection, Environment Conservation and Sanitation
during construction and operation phases of the project.

1.5.6 Status on EIA Clearance by DOE

59. Conditional approval was accorded to the BBA EIA Report by the Department of Environment on
June 13, 2007 for one year. The scope of the study was to construct a bridge with a total length of
5.58km (the rail corridor is in the center of the bridge) along with approach roads comprising 0.273km
at the Mawa side and 12km at the Janjira side, and River Training Works comprising 6km on the
Mawa side and 10km on the Janjira side. Boundary considered for EIA study comprised of approach
road ROW 150m) strip, RTW 100m for Mawa and 150m for Janjira side, service area (2.5km x 2.5km)
= 6,25km2 and Toll gate at Janjira (200m x 400m) = 80,000m2 while that at Mawa (500m x 350m) =
175,000m2. The following are the summary of the conditions of the clearance certificate:

 Project Proponent may undertake activities for land development and infrastructural
development of the project with taking consideration of the ECR 1997.
 Limit Condition for Discharges to Air and Water as per Environment Conservation Rules, 1997
(Annex I & II).
 The ambient noise levels shall conform to the standards prescribed under Noise Pollution
(Control) Rules, 2006.
 Proper environmental monitoring and recording should be maintained. Monitoring parameters
are: water flow, water quality, air quality (SPM) the surrounding areas for spread of invasive
species, the changes in aquatic habitats before, during and after construction, fish catch
during and after construction.
 Environmental Monitoring Reports shall be made available simultaneously to Head quarters
and Dhaka Divisional office of the Department of Environment on a quarterly basis during the
whole period of the project.
 The Project authority must notify the Department of Environment of incidents causing or
threatening material harm to the environment as soon as practicable after the person becomes
aware of the incident.
 Before making detailed structural design, further study should be carried out on the extent of
the bank erosion with project condition, especially on the right bank and appropriate measures
should be taken with respect to construction of guide bund as well as necessary modification
of rehabilitation and compensation plan accordingly.
 Project Proponent shall apply for Environmental Clearance Certificate without which proponent
shall not start operation of the project.

60. Co-financiers reviewed the BBA EIA report and under the impression that it does not comply with
their safeguard requirements. And therefore, the Consultant prepared a comprehensive EIA report in
compliance with harmonized safeguard requirements of GoB and co-financiers and submits to DOE for
approval. The tentative schedule for the submission of EIA reports for approval is May 2010. Once the
EIA is approved by DOE, BBA will prepare a new application for ECC and submit to DOE. DOE issues
ECC for one year and allow extension if required.
1.5.7 Findings of the Review Process
61. Review of the above environmental studies made earlier in respect of the proposed Padma
Bridge Project necessitates conducting a full-scale EIA following the guidelines of ADB, WB, and JICA
together with those of the Government of Bangladesh incorporating additional studies in respect of the
Impact of Riverbed Dredged Materials and the State of Aquatic and Terrestrial Flora and Fauna,
Wildlife, Hydrological Modeling, Climate Change impact on the project design , Health and Safety
Issues, and Charland (Sand Bar) Impact. In addition, the output of hydrological modeling will be
reviewed, environmental impacts will be assessed and mitigation measures will be considered in the
environmental management and monitoring plans (EMMP).

 General Construction Impact

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 
Detailed environmental management plan for standard construction and good engineering
practices.
 Environmental, Health and Safety Manager with Contractors’ Team.
 Impact of Riverbed Dredged Materials:
 Analysis of the chemical properties of dredged materials
 Assessing the presence of toxic and heavy metals like As, Pb, Cd, Cr, Hg, Mn, Zn, etc. and
multi-residue Pesticides (carbamates, pyrtheods,organo-chloride, Organo-phosphate, Organo-
nitrogen)
 Impact of such contaminants on end use and disposal of dredged spoil materials
 State of Aquatic and Terrestrial Flora and Fauna
 Hilsa, dolphins, gharial
 Wildlife
 Avian species like migratory and local birds
 Vegetation, especially due to Tree cutting
 Local Hydrology
 Impacts on local hydrology
 Erosion and siltation effects
 Climate Change
 Assessment of climate change impact and associated risks to the project; and
 Identify other climate change mitigation measures for the various components (bridge, RTW
and approach roads).
 Associated and Induced Impact
 Impact assessment for associated project components (widening of Dhaka-Mawa road as part
of the Asian Highway, railway network development, and bypass road in Group B
development area of Rajuk) and regional economic development due to the implementation of
the project. A qualitative assessment will be made based on the available information.
 Charland Study
 Investigation on Charland (sand bar) in upstream and downstream in terms of flooding,
agricultural production, fisheries, high ecological significance as riparian habitat for migratory
birds, Water Supply, Sanitation and hygiene program etc.
 Sand mine, Quarry, and Borrow Sites
 Impacts on ecological resources in the area associated with sand mining, quarry and borrow
pit operations needed for construction.
 Health and Safety Issues
 Workers’ safety
 Safety of inmates of the project area and visitors
 Provision of safe drinking water, proper sanitation facilities in construction yard, resettlement
sites, and in the induced development area of the regional highway
 STD and HIV/AIDs
 Tourism Development
 Development of infrastructural facilities to support tourism in the project area
 Designated landing areas in RTW for speedboats and Country boats to encourage tourists.
 Concept development for a proposed museum in Padma bridge site.
 Environmental Risks
 Flood
 Earthquake
 Cyclone/Tornado
 Road Accident
 Terrorist threats/events
 Accidental Spills of chemicals
 Emergency Preparedness for HP Gasmain

1.6 Key Additional Aspects for Consideration

1.6.1 Addressing Rail Components
62. The total length of the railway structure is about 15.9km, including main bridge, transition
structures (railway viaduct), and the railway connecting two stations at bridge ends. The railway will

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include two railway stations with docking facilities. The length of the railway viaduct in Mawa side is
2.9km and in Janjira side is 2.65km. The railway viaduct structure consists of nominal 30m spans. The
superstructure consists of simply supported 1,600mm deep post-tensioned pre-cast concrete I-Girders
with a cast in-situ composite deck slab. As railway line will sit directly below the road deck on the main
bridge, the alignment of the road and the railway will be required to be separated and to transition both
alignments down to the approach embankment level. The major impacts from the railway will be noise
and vibration and inadequate water supply and sanitation facilities in railway stations
1.6.2 Incorporating Climate Change Considerations
63. The EIA has considered both the impacts of the bridge on the climate change and the impacts of
the climate change on the bridge. The anticipated life-span of the bridge is 100 years, has
necessitated consideration of the impacts of climate change on the project as a major aspect and has
been addressed throughout the process of project definition and evaluation. Climate change
considerations have been undertaken for anticipated environmental conditions over a 100-year time
frame at 50 year interval (year 2050 and 2100). A1F1 emission scenario as proposed by the IPCC
Fourth Assessment Report (AR4) is considered as “worse case” scenario for impact assessment.
1.6.3 Addressing Associated and Induced Regional Impacts
64. Associated/Regional Impacts due to the proposed PMBDP due to its various stages are
anticipated to be both negative and positive. A generic environmental assessment is made in this EIA
(Chapter 7, Section 7.4), as the actual alignment is yet to be known for the following components:

 International Route Asian Highway-1 (Tamabil, Sylhet, Sarail, Kanchpur, Dhaka, Mawa,
Bhatiapara, Narail, Jessore and Benapole) will require access through Padma Bridge. The
traffic forecast for the year 2014 and as per RHD road master plan the existing 2-lane Dhaka-
Mawa highway will be widened to 4-lane (2-lane in each direction) from the opening of the
bridge. Therefore, widening of the existing 2-lane to 4-lane will be required to construct at the
same time of bridge construction and will be in operation from the year 2014.
 Establishment of railway network from Gendaria-Mawa (approximately 30km) through the
bridge to Bhanga-Kashiani-Narail-Jessore (about 90km) to Benapole is the missing link for
Trans-Asian Railway Network. Bangladesh signed an Intergovernmental Agreement on the
Trans-Asian Railway Network on November 10, 2007 at the UN Headquarters in New York
 Bypass road in the Group-B area part of Group-D in Rajuk is covered by 27.16 km roads. Out
of the total roads 34.11 percent are kutcha and 10.18 percent semi-pacca. Dhaka-Mawa
Highway covers a small part of the area. The only road within the area is Tegharia road which
will connect Munshiganj with a bridge over Dhaleshwari River. This is almost a circular road
which starts from Dhaka-Mawa Road and again meets the Dhaka-Mawa Road near the foot of
Friendship Bridge No.1 covering Bibirbazar, Jajira and Konda in the southern part of the area.
This has a crest width of about 30 feet and right of way varies from 50 to 70 feet. The parts of
the circular road have been constructed by mainly joining the gaps and will serve the whole of
the Group B and D area of Rajuk when the construction of the last portion of the gap will be
completed. This circular road will help through traffic to bypass Dhaka City when the Padma
Bridge is operational.
65. Positive impacts will be higher than the negative impacts as economic activities along the
southern end of the bridge (Janjira side) will bring about considerable benefit to the local communities
in respect of setting up of small and medium and, even, hopefully of large industrial establishments.
Trans-boundary positive impacts will be significant as the bridge will facilitate road and rail movement
along the routes to the neighboring countries. Major environmental impacts are change in landuse
pattern and landscape, impact from economic activities, and drainage and sanitation.
1.6.4 Integration of Environment with Engineer’s Planning and Social Issues
66. The Project involves land acquisition and resettlement including the impacts on economic
activities of the inmates and other direct and indirect Project Affected Persons (PAPs). As for example,
hawkers at ferry ghats, fishermen, ferryboat, speed boat, country boat and lunch operators and owners
etc. will lose their livelihood due to the closure of the River crossing services and the passengers using
the bridge to cross the River. The safeguard team coordinated with the RTW team and recommended
to provide landing platforms for the speedboat and country boats, so that the services and smooth
operation can be continued during the operation stage of the bridge (especially for the tourists). Multi-

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criteria assessment was done for RTW options with extensive discussion with environment and social
safeguard team. The resettlement team developed a livelihood restoration program for all affected
people (direct and indirect). The hydrological modeling outcome indicates insignificant induced impact
(backwater) on the Charland due to the project intervention. A Charland Management and Monitoring
Framework is prepared under SAP for monitoring of any unanticipated impacts, and mitigation
planning if impacts are confirmed by assessment during project implementation. Broadly the
framework will guide the identification and mitigation of losses of the Charland people both upstream
and downstream and involve the Charland communities as beneficiaries of the project. .

67. Since the resettlement site development will take place in advance of other project components
separate environmental assessment (EA) for World Bank and Initial Environmental Examination (IEE)
for ADB and JICA are prepared for four RS apart from other project components, and is included in
Vol. 1: EA/IEE for RS of the Environmental Action Plan. In order to prevent and mitigate adverse
impacts an Environmental Management Plan (EMP) has been developed for construction phase and a
community environmental management plan (CEMP) is prepared for operation phase. The
implementation of the CEMP is targeted to improving the status of affected households (Ahs) and
PAPs in terms of their environmental, safety, health and hygiene conditions as well as conserving and
upgrading the site-specific environmental settings. The recommendations of the EMP and CEMP in
EA/IEE for RS give parameter-wise recommendations to engineers and provide mitigation for each of
the impacts, along with the responsible agency, time frame and costs for their implementation. A
community environmental management committee (CEMC) is recommended to monitor the activities
of CEMP. The Consultant prepared a training program for the CEMC, especially the teachers of the
school, who will be responsible for dissemination of environmental education. This will give the
community to assume the ownership of the facilities of the RS and monitor them in an environmentally
sustainable fashion. The implementation of the CEMP will be monitored and reported quarterly on the
basis of the suggested indicators. After taking corrective actions, where necessary, it will be ensured
that good housekeeping practices and local laws on environmental parameters are complied with. It is
expected that the environmental conditions of the AHs and PAPs at the RS will improve after
implementation of the EMP and CEMP along with general improvement in their social and economic
status.

1.7 Methodology and Process Followed

1.7.1 Development of Scoping Document and TOR
68. At the inception stage the Consultant prepared a scoping framework document addressing the
outputs of the EA study and activities required to deliver the outputs. Based on the scoping framework,
the Terms of Reference (TOR) of the current EIA has been developed addressing the gaps in the
previous EA studies on the project, relevant legislative and regulatory requirements of the GOB in
harmonization with the Co-financiers’ Environmental Safeguard Policies and incorporation of additional
pertinent aspects, e.g., impacts due to climate change/variability, hydrological modeling, associated
and induced impacts, ecological study, Charland study etc., and also the conditions set forth by the
DOE while approving the draft TOR of the EIA. The TOR of the EIA is provided in the Annex 1-2 and
DOE approval of the TOR is provided in the Annex 1-3.
1.7.2 Methodology and Process
69. The environmental assessment study followed a number of steps and process shown in Figure
1-4. The main steps are:

 Review Previous Studies

 Harmonization of Environmental Safeguard Requirements of the Government and Co-
financiers.
 Scoping, Baseline Environmental Quality Monitoring Survey and Development of the Terms-
of-Reference for the EIA Study
 Screening of Impacts and Prioritization
 Expert Consultations with Scientific and Professional Community
 Thirteen focus group discussions in Project area including in the Chars

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 Public Consultation with Affected Population, Local Government Bodies, Public
Representatives, NGOs and Business Communities to introduce the project components and
anticipated impacts.

EIA Process

Review Previous
Studies

Harmonized EA Requirements

Public Participation Study Stage

SCOPING
Expert Consultations
Define direct, induced, and
(scientific community and
associated components Inception Stage
decision makers )
Develop TOR for full EIA
Public Consultation
Baseline EQM Survey

FGDs with affected

Screening and Prioritization Int. Scheme Design
community

Engineering Team of DC, POE, PREDICTION AND

BBA Advisors, CFs, GOB MITIGATION
Final Scheme
Identify Impacts/Risks
Design
Propose Design Changes
Experience of Jamuna and and Mitigation Measures
other Major Bridge Project

Present Draft EIA during Draft EIA Reports,

Public Consultations EMP, and CEMP
Detailed Design

Review
Updated EIA
draft EIA by
Reports, EMP, and
POE, CFs,
CEMP
GOB
Approval Yes Final EIA Reports,
by DOE EMP, and CEMP
Yes

MANAGEMENT AND
Audit, MONITORING
Assess EIA Implement EMMP Implementation
Process Provide feedback for
future EAs and CEMP

Operation and
Implement CEMP
Maintenance

Figure 1-4: Methods of Environmental Assessment Preparation.

 Prediction of Impacts and Prepare Mitigation Measures by Field Investigation, Data Analysis,
and Mathematical Modeling.
 Integration of environment with engineer’s planning and social concerns.

1-26
  Preparation of Draft and Updated EIA Reports, Environmental Management and Monitoring
Plan, and Initial Environmental Examination (IEE)/ Community Environmental Management
Plan.
 Present Draft EIA Report in Stakeholder and Public Consultation Meetings for Public
Disclosure
 Review Draft and Updated EIA Reports, EMMP, and IEE/ CEMP by Government, POE, BBA
Advisors, and Co-financiers and receive comments
 Submit Final EIA Report and EMMP incorporating comments to DOE for Approval
 Implement EMMP during construction and operation and maintenance (O/M) stages
 Environmental auditing by assessing EIA process and feedback to future EIA Study.
1.7.3 Impact Assessment and Prioritization
70. This EA study addressed both negative and positive impacts, prepare mitigation measures for the
negative impacts and recommend enhancement measures for the positive impacts, to make the
project environmentally benign and socially acceptable. Environmental impacts are assessed in terms
of impact values on various environmental components of the project by evaluating the following
parameters:
 Degree: Low, Medium and High
 Type: Negative and Positive
 Duration: Short Term, Long Term
 Mitigagbility: Partially, Fully

71. A 6 type categorization (low, moderate and high negative impacts; and low, moderate, and high
positive impacts) of impact rating has been adopted in this EIA process. Impact of the project on
climate change, and climate change impacts on the project as predicted for the South Asian and
South-east Asian regions in vulnerability and adaptation components of the fourth assessment reports
of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC AR4 WG1, WG2, WG3) are also included in
this EIA.
1.7.4 Organization of the Report
72. Following this Introduction Chapter, the report is divided into eleven chapters that follow the tasks
specified under Section 4.5.1: v and xiii of the detailed design consultant’s TOR, namely:
 Chapter 2 - Description of the Project: This chapter contains the detailed components (direct,
associated and induced) of the project, project location and setting, project design details, size
or magnitude of operation, sourcing of resources for implementation, and proposed schedule
of project implementation.
 Chapter 3 - Description of the Environment: Explains the general description and background
of physical resources, ecological resources, environmental quality baseline, social and cultural
profile, and economic activities.
 Chapter 4 - Scoping and Prioritization of Impacts/Risks: This chapter analyzes the anticipated
environmental impacts (both positive and negative) and score them and prepare the
prioritization matrix. Based on the score identify the significant impacts/risks.
 Chapter 5 - Climate Change Considerations: This chapter covers the impact of climate change
on the project and impact of the project to climate change. A climate change consideration is
undertaken for anticipated environmental conditions over a 100-year time frame at 50 year
interval (year 2050 and 2100). A1F1 emission scenario as proposed by the IPCC Fourth
Assessment Report (AR4) is considered as “worse case” scenario for impact assessment.
 Chapter 6 - Analysis of Alternatives: This chapter describes the alternatives considered for
various project components. For each alternative, a summary of the probable adverse impacts
(if exists) and its relation to the project, and other alternatives are discussed to determine
whether the preferred alternative minimizes the environmental impact over all other
alternatives and is within acceptable environmental impact limits. In most cases,
environmental impacts "with" and "without" project alternatives are examined.
 Chapter 7 - Detailed Assessment of Impacts/Risks for the Preferred Alternative: This chapter
is build on Scoping and prioritization providing detailed data and analysis and covers project
related significant Impacts/risks, and impacts due to associated facilities and induced
development.
73. The organization of the report is given in the following flow chart (Figure 1-5):

1-27
 I. Introduction

II. Description of Project

III. Description of Environment

IV. Scoping and Prioritization of

Impacts/Risks

V. Climate Change Consideration

VI. Analysis of Alternatives

VII. Detailed Assessment of Impacts/Risk for

the Preferred Alternative

VIII. Environmental Management and

Monitoring Plan (EMMP)

IX. Institutional Arrangement and Capacity

Development

X. Public Consultation and Information

Disclosure

XI. Economic Assessment

XII. Conclusions and Way Forward

Figure 1-5: Flow Chart of the Process with Chapters

 Chapter 8 - Environmental Management and Monitoring Plan (EMMP): The chapter addresses
the impacts to be mitigated, and activities to implement the mitigation measures, including
how, when, and where they will be implemented. The environmental monitoring plan describes

1-28
 the impacts to be monitored, and when and where monitoring activities will be carried out, and
who will carry them out. In addition, EMMP also provides the cost associated to each
mitigation and monitoring measures.
 Chapter 9 - Institutional Arrangements and Capacity Development: This chapter covers the
profile of the key institutions responsible for the EMMP, allocation of responsibilities for
implementation of EMMP, existing capacity of the BBA in environment, recommendation to
form a new safeguard department, training needs and capacity development of the unit and
institutional framework for implementing the EMMP.
 Chapter 10 - Public Consultations and Information Disclosure: Covers the process of various
consultations during the scoping, scheme design and detailed design stages. Also covers the
details of the consultation meetings, comments received and incorporated in the detailed
design and public disclosure of the EIA outcome.
 Chapter 11 - Economic Assessment: This chapter includes costs of mitigation and monitoring,
capacity development costs, and benefits of environmental impacts.
 Chapter 12 - Conclusions and Way Forward: The chapter provides the summary of all
findings, issues addressed and concluding remarks on the future EIA and EMP requirements.

1-29
 CHAPTER 2:

DESCRIPTION
OF THE PROJECT
Table of Contents
2 Description of the Project 2-2
2.1 Project Location and Setting 2-2
2.2 Existing Traffic and Forecasts 2-4
2.3 Project Design Details 2-6
2.3.1 Main Bridge 2-7
2.3.2 River Training Works 2-8
2.3.3 Approach Roads 2-14
2.3.4 Bridge-end-Facilities 2-15
2.3.5 Railway 2-18
2.3.6 Utility Crossings 2-18
2.3.7 Resettlement Sites 2-19
2.4 Summary of the Size or Magnitude of Operation 2-20
2.5 Sourcing of Resources for Project Implementation 2-21
2.6 Proposed Schedule for Implementation 2-22
2.7 Relevant Associated Components 2-25
2.7.1 Widening of Dhaka-Mawa Highway (N8) 2-25
2.7.2 Bypass Road in Group B of Rajuk 2-25
2.7.3 Railway Network Development 2-25
2.7.4 Gas Main Network Development 2-25
2.7.5 High Voltage Power Transmission Network Development 2-25
2.7.6 Telecommunication Network Development 2-25

List of Tables
Table 2-1: Current and Forecasted AADT. 2-4
Table 2-2: Waiting time and journey time 2-6
Table 2-3: Salient features of south bank RTW 2-10
Table 2-4: Summary of bank type details (except Type 7) 2-11
Table 2-5: Major components and sub-components of the project 2-20
Table 2-6: List of bridges, culverts and underpasses on the approach road at Janjira side 2-20
Table 2-7: List of the Materials and the Potential Sources during construction. 2-21

List of Figures
Figure 2-1: Project Location and Setting Map 2-2
Figure 2-2: Probable erosion vulnerable areas due to structural interventions 2-3
Figure 2-3: Sub-components of the Project 2-7
Figure 2-4: Cross-section of the main bridge 2-8
Figure 2-5: River training works layout 2-9
Figure 2-6: North Bank Type 6 (Geobags) Cross Section 2-12
Figure 2-7: RTW typical cross-section (Type 2) 2-13
Figure 2-8: 3-D presentation of sample off-take for distributaries. Wave protection elements
including staggered and projecting concrete blocks. 2-14
Figure 2-9: Typical cross-section of approach road. 2-15
Figure 2-10: Layout plan of Janjira Service area (SA2). 2-16
Figure 2-11: Construction yard in Mawa side. 2-16
Figure 2-12: Construction yard in Janjira side. 2-17
Figure 2-13: Implementation Schedule of the Project 2-23
Figure 2-14: Tentative Construction Schedule for the RTW 2-24

2-i
2 Description of the Project
2.1 Project Location and Setting
1. The Project is located in the south central part under Munshiganj, Shariatpur, and Madaripur
districts of Bangladesh as shown in Figure 2-1. The main bridge will be located over the Padma River
in the north-south direction starting at Mawa in the Dhaka side under Lauhajang upazila and ending at
Janjira in the other side of the River under Shariatpur district. The approach road and bridge-end-
facilities (BEF) in the north side are in Lauhajang and Srinagar upazilas under Munshiganj district,
while the same in the south side are in Janjira upazila under Shariatpur district and Shibchar upazila
under Madaripur district.

Figure 2-1: Project Location and Setting Map

2-2
2. The Project influence area will broadly cover (a) 6km north of Riverbank in Mawa side, 4km
south of Riverbank of Janjira side, 15km upstream (west), and 7km downstream (east), (b) the corridor
of the Asian Highway 1 (Tamabil-Sylhet-Sorail-Kanchpur-Dhaka-Mawa-Bhatiapara-Norail-Jessore-
Benapole), and (c) the corridor of Trans-Asian railway network and the railway missing link from
Gendaria-Mawa through the bridge to Bhanga-Kashiani-Narail-Jessore-Benapole. The influence area
in north and south is determined to cover the area of the Project direct components (service areas and
landing of transition structures). The farthest component service area in Mawa side is located 4km
from the Riverbank and in Janjira side the approach road is about 3km from the River bank. We added
1 km additional in each side to this boundary to define the project influence area. The backwater effect
based on hydrological modeling outcome is minimal (10cm) at a water surface slope of 0.000045,
which translates into an upstream distance of 1.5km. And the influence area in east-west (along the
River) has been revised from the initial coverage of 15km by 12km to 15km by 7km. The influence
area 15km in upstream (west) to cover the distances of RTW and approach road (which is about a
distance of about 13km from bridge landing site), additional 2km is considered to cover the whole
Char Janajat. On the other hand, the influence area in downstream has been revised from 12km to
7km to cover the downstream Char Majirkandi (because RTW coverage in downstream has been
reduced significantly for the preferred alternative). This Charland (newly emerged Charland without
habitation and vegetation) is considered in the EIA as a potential location of temporary dredged
material disposal during the dry season.

Figure 2-2: Probable erosion vulnerable areas due to structural interventions

3. In addition, based on the morphological study for structural intervention (Updated RTW Scheme
Design, Annex C, Section 9.4, submitted on April 15, 2010), it is identified that for different types of
channel development due to the construction of river training works, three locations (Figure 2-2) could
be vulnerable to erosion and the extent and magnitude are considered indicative. There is no
confirmed analysis on these erosion predictions. Compare is not the boundaries based on natural
envelope for the next 50 years and the maximum erosion extent for the structural interventions shows
that additional erosion for the structural interventions would be about 900 ha along the right bank,
located at about 15 km downstream of the bridge crossing. Since, these changes are not immediate, a
monitoring program for the downstream river (for example as part of the regular annual monitoring

2-3
program ending at Chandpur) can be undertaken by BBA/BWDB under the Charland Management
and Monitoring Program and accordingly prepare mitigation plan. Therefore, the EIA boundary along
the river (east-west) will be unchanged and is 15km by 7km.
4. In addition, the project’s induced area will cover the network for utility crossings, that are - (a)
high pressure gasmain: This gasmain will link the Bakhrabad Gas Field to Siddirganj to augment gas
supply. The gasmain will be drawn through an off-take valve at Langalbandh of Sonargaon upazila
under Narayanganj district. This gasmain will be the source point for gas supply to Mawa. The
gasmain after Mawa will cross the Bridge and will follow upto Khulna for completing the proposed
National Gas Grid, (b) high voltage power transmission line that will serve as the source of electric
power. This transmission line will come from Siddirganj in Narayanganj district, then to Mawa and later
cross the River (either on the bridge or running parallel and away from the bridge) then reach to
Khulna, and (c) optical fiber telecommunication cable. Overall picture of the project including the
associated and induced components are provided in Figure 2.1 and a cross-section of the bridge is
provided in Figure 1-3.

2.2 Existing Traffic and Forecasts

5. Bangladesh currently has one of the lowest vehicle ownership levels (0.64 cars per 1,000
people) in the world. With the improvement in employment conditions and economic growth, vehicle
ownership is expected to increase significantly. Vehicle ownership, including cars and motorcycles, is
forecast to grow by 10% annually. This is reflected in historically observed traffic volumes at Jamuna
Bridge and the Mawa and Paturia ferry crossings that have been growing at 11% annually over the
last five years, while trucks and buses have been growing at 13% and 15%, respectively.

6. At the ferry crossings, approximately 50% of vehicle trips are between Dhaka and Khulna and
20% are within Dhaka Division. In terms of passengers, 33% of trips are between Dhaka and Khulna
and 31% are within Dhaka Division. Using detailed information on socio-economic and travel patterns,
a transport model was developed to forecast traffic volumes and revenues on the Padma Bridge.
Traffic volumes were forecasted for 2014 to 2036. Years 2014, 2020, 2025 and 2030 are modeled
year forecasts.
7. The current and forecasted annual average daily traffic upto 2036 is summarized in Table 2-1.

Table 2-1: Current and Forecasted AADT.

Year Annual Average Daily Traffic Flow Year Annual Average Daily Traffic Flow
Truck Bus Car Motor Total Truck Bus Car Motor Total
Cycle Cycle
2009 493 566 608 55 1,721 2025 15,265 9,707 12,559 1,116 38,647
2014 3,477 5,693 2,658 228 12,056 2026 16,179 9,921 14,288 1,284 41,672
2015 4,233 6,091 3,097 265 13,686 2027 17,147 10,140 16,254 1,478 45,019
2016 5,154 6,518 3,607 308 15,587 2028 18,174 10,363 18,490 1,702 48,728
2017 6,274 6,974 4,203 357 17,808 2029 19,261 10,591 21,034 1,959 52,846
2018 7,638 7,463 4,896 415 20,411 2030 20,414 10,825 23,929 2,255 57,423
2019 9,299 7,985 5,703 482 23,469 2031 21,324 11,053 25,657 2,425 60,458
2020 11,321 8,544 6,644 559 27,068 2032 22,233 11,281 27,386 2,594 63,494
2021 12,018 8,765 7,547 642 28,972 2033 23,143 11,509 29,114 2,764 66,529
2022 12,759 8,992 8,571 737 31,059 2034 24,052 11,737 30,843 2,933 69,565
2023 13,545 9,224 9,736 846 33,350 2035 24,961 11,965 32,571 3,103 72,600
2024 14,379 9,462 11,058 972 35,871 2036 25,871 12,193 34,299 3,272 75,636
Source: The Consultant Estimate, 2009-2010.
8. The existing ferry services have already been exceeded the capacity and there are long waiting
time for the vehicles in all River and land crossings. The average waiting time and crossing time by
various traffic modes are provided in Table 2-2.

2-4
This page intentionally kept blank.

2-5
 Table 2-2: Waiting time and journey time
Location Waiting time (min) Journey time
Truck Bus Car MC (min)
Paturia 289 68 46 45 33
Mawa 981 96 119 70 141
Chandpur 181 65 98 68 109
Benapole 248 68 45 25 -

2.3 Project Design Details

9. The project has a number of major components under which there are several sub-components
listed below:
 Main Bridge
 Transition structures (Road and Railway viaducts)
 River Training Works
 Approach Roads
 Approach roads on both sides
 Approach road viaducts on both sides
 Small bridges on approach road at Janjira side
 Culverts on approach road at Janjira side
 Road junctions and underpasses on approach road at Janjira side
 Bridge-end Facilities
 Toll plaza on both sides and spare toll plaza at Janjira side
 Service area on both sides
 Railway
 Provision of railway on the lower deck of the bridge, with railway
viaduct, and future station and docking facilities
 Utility Crossings
 Provision of high Pressure Gasmain on the bridge
 High Voltage Transmission Line either on the bridge or running
parallel and away from the bridge
 Provision of optical Fiber Telecommunication Cable
 Resettlement Sites
 Two resettlement sites at the Mawa side
 Two resettlement sites at the Janjira side.

10. Each of the above sub-components is described below. Figure 2-3 shows spatial locations of all
the sub-components for better understanding and defining the project influence area.

2-6
 Figure 2-3: Sub-components of the Project
2.3.1 Main Bridge
11. The main purpose of the main bridge over the Padma is to allow smooth crossing of road and rail
traffic and take the full benefits of integrated uninterrupted fast communication network. It has the
following key features/characteristics:

 The total length of the bridge is about 6.15km of 22.5m width; the bridge will have
horizontal and vertical curves with vertical gradient being 4% for pavement and 0.5% for
the future railway.
 Two level composite steel truss of multiple regular spans each of 150m across the
Padma River. The deck cross-section consists of a concrete top slab connected
compositely to the upper chord of a steel truss;
 The two-level superstructure carries dual two lane carriageways with hard shoulders at
the upper level and the provision of a single broad gauge railway track at the lower level
(Figure 2‐4); and
 The superstructure of the bridge will be supported on concrete piers at 150m spacing
that will have deep pile foundations.

2-7
 Figure 2-4: Cross-section of the main bridge

2.3.2 River Training Works

12. The purpose of River Training Works (RTW) on both sides of the River at bridge location is to
protect the River bank from erosion so that the bridge, approach roads, BEF and railways can remain
integrated and functional during the operation and maintenance phase of the Project. Various options

2-8
are being studied by RTW team. Figure 2-5 shows the updated extent of the north and south bank
protection works.

Figure 2-5: River training works layout

2.3.2.1 North Bank - Main Bridge Viaduct and End Facilities
13. The morphology and soils investigations indicate that there has been slow but progressive
erosion along the north bank (Mawa side) over the last several decades. Based on the historic rates of

2-9
bank retreat the risk of erosion to the end facilities and viaduct structures during the project life is
believed to be low.

14. The general concept proposed in the feasibility study remains appropriate for the current
situation in 2009-2010. However, after a detailed review of the bathymetry and historic satellite
imagery it was concluded that the total revetment length for the north side can be limited to 2 km.
Furthermore, the type of revetment has been modified, depending on its functional requirements and
the facilities that require protection. The most critical section extends for a distance of 1,000 m at the
both side of the bridge alignment. This portion consists of riprap slope protection placed on a dredged
slope with a riprap falling apron.
2.3.2.2 South Bank: Revetment on Bank of South Side Channel
Protection Near Main Bridge, Viaduct and End Facilities
15. A revetment meets the key objectives of the project and can integrate the protection of the main
bridge, end facilities, viaduct and a portion of the approach road in a single solution. The 6.83 km
section near the bridge will be raised above the flood level to prevent overtopping or outflanking from
floodplain flows (Figure 2-5). The ground near the viaducts will also be raised above the flood level as
part of other plans associated with the end facilities.
16. The revetment is subject to parallel flow under most conditions. However, periodically the river
will switch from the sinuous alignment that exists today into a meandering channel. During these
periods, the revetment will be subject to bend scour and possibly outflanking. The scour protection
apron designed to prevent undermining during these extreme attack conditions, which can prevail for a
number of years at a time.

Protection of Upstream Approach Road

17. The revetment extends upstream (west) along the existing bank of the south side channel to the
end of the project near Charjanajat (Figure 2-5). The overall total length of protection is about 12.53
km. For the upstream 6.83 km reach, the top of the revetment set at the existing river bank level, so
the structure will not interfere with overbank flows, drainage or navigation. The revetment subject to
considerable scour when it comes under attack. The scour protection apron and adaptation measures
designed to prevent initial undermining during this extreme attack.

18. Major features of the preferred alternative for the south side (Janjira) are provided in Table 2-3.

Table 2-3: Salient features of south bank RTW

Feature Quantity
Length of work 12.53 km total
At bridge 6.83 km
Alongside road 5.70 km (Type 5)
3.76 km optional
Embankments
At bridge 4.28 km
Alongside road none
Land acquisition
At bridge 244.10 ha total
On flood plain 65.95 ha
In river 178.15 ha
Alongside road 133.88 ha total
+87.58 ha optional
On flood plain 21.73 ha
+ 17.35 ha optional
In river 112.15 ha
+ 70.23 ha optional
On char
Cross dams nil
Dredge fill nil
Erosion due to
outflanking nil

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2.3.2.3 General Alignment of RTW
19. Six cross section types are used and embody the following principal components:

 Upper slope wave protection mainly above low water level, at a slope angle of 1V:3.5 H,
starting from the inner edge of a berm at El. -1 m PWD (which forms part of the wave
protection). In general the wave protection extends up to the floodplain level only, but it is
raised to 3 m above 100-year flood level for certain lengths of revetment, for the guide bund,
and for hard points, to provide freeboard during floods and to allow for wave runup. Concrete
blocks underlain by geotextile filter material are used to provide the wave protection.
 Lower (underwater) slope erosion protection placed on a dredged 1V:6H slope with the toe of
the slope set at various elevations depending on the location and cross section type. Rock
riprap placed on a geotextile/bamboo fascine mattress is used to provide the erosion
protection.
 A falling apron placed along the toe of the underwater slope protection, to provide temporary
protection from future undermining by launching down the scoured slope. Given the practical
depth limitation for dredging, all river bank protection depends on falling aprons for scour
protection. Rock riprap is used for the falling apron.
20. Table 2-4 summarizes key details for Types 1 through 6 cross sections. The design scour level
is generally El. -47 m PWD, except that a level of El. -55 m PWD is used where flow can impinge
directly against the bank, such as at the head of a guide bund or hard point (Type 1). Where a
particularly robust cross section type is required, the falling apron is dredged to El. -25 m PWD (Types
1, 2 and 3), which places the apron as close to the design scour level as is practically possible given
dredging limitations. Less deep, but more economical, dredge depths (El. -15 m PWD) are used
where a higher level of risk is acceptable, at locations away from the main bridge and end-facilities.
21. On the south bank, a raised embankment is required near the bridge to return overbank flow
back to the main channel at some distance from the bridge (Types 1 and 2), and at the hard points to
prevent overtopping flow (Types 1 and 4). Type 5 is for the north bank around the bridge abutment.
Type 6 consists of a geobag revetment placed along the existing north bank upstream of the bridge
(Figure 2-6); the existing underwater bank slope is covered with four layers of geobags.

Table 2-4: Summary of bank type details (except Type 7)

Type 1 Type 2 Type 3 Type 4 Type 5 Type 6
Location (North SB SB SB SB SB SB
bank NB, South
bank SB)
Design crest level +10.7 +10.7 +5.5 +10.7 +5.5 +5.5
[m.PWD]
Design scour level -55.0 -47.0 -47.0 -47.0 -47.0 -47.0
[m.PWD]
Dredge level -25.0 -25.0 -25.0 -15.0 -15.0 adaptive
[m.PWD]
Under water 4094 3812 3812 1649 1649 adaptive
dredging [m3/m]
Earth-work [m3/m] 250.0 250.0 110.0 250.0 110.0 110.0
Wave protection 86.5 86.5 38.7 86.5 38.7 38.7
and embankment
[m2/m]
Under water slope 150.9 150.9 150.9 90.1 90.1 adaptive
protection [m2/m]
Falling apron base 45.0 33.0 33.0 48.0 48.0 adaptive
length [m2/m]
Source: RTW Scheme design, 2009

2-11
22. Typical cross-sections layout (Type 6 for north bank and Type 2 for south bank) are provided in
Figure 2-6 and Figure 2-7, respectively.

Low water level 1.2m PWD

Figure 2-6: North Bank Type 6 (Geobags) Cross Section

2.3.2.4 Details of Wave Protection – Berm and Upper Slope
23. Wave protection covers the berm and slope from below low water level either to the floodplain or
to the top of embankment, a zone where wave action is the governing hydraulic design condition. In
addition, the surface is designed sufficiently robust to cope with daily wear-and-tear of people and
equipment accessing the water, and to consist of low-value elements. Concrete blocks meet these
requirements and have a demonstrated history of successful use in Bangladesh. The wave protection
comprises several elements as described below:

Berm
24. The wave protection layer starts at the outer end of the berm below low water. The top surface of
the berm is set at El. -1 m PWD and consists of two layers of loosely dumped concrete cubes of 30 cm
size (65 kg weight, 0.6 m³ of concrete per m², average layer thickness after dumping 95 cm at 35%
void ratio).

25. The berm is on average 5 m wide and fulfills the following functions: (i) by varying its width
somewhat, the natural bankline can be adjusted to form more of a straight line above water, (ii) it
increases the geotechnical stability, and (iii) it allows country boats and light vessels to approach the
bank but discourages the berthing of larger ships.

Slope from berm to low water level

26. The slope from the inner edge of the berm up to El. 2 m PWD (slightly above low water level) is
covered with loosely dumped concrete cubes - as described above for the berm.

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 Figure 2-7: RTW typical cross-section (Type 2)
Slope above low water
27. The slope from El. 2 m PWD to the top of the floodplain, commonly at about 6 m PWD, or to the
top of embankments at El. 10.7 m PWD, is protected with concrete blocks of various dimensions
placed side-by-side in rows. Thinner blocks are used at the lower levels where the wave load is lower.
At higher levels blocks are placed in alternating rows with a 5 cm difference in thickness. The
resulting irregular or stepped surface reduces wave run-up, increases the weight per unit area and
allows people to walk more easily up and down the slope. The average block size is assumed to be
50 cm. The placement of this layer requires machine handling.

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Embankment crest, back slope and key-in
28. The crest is 10 m wide and is covered with concrete blocks to provide a flat surface. The back
slope on the landward side slopes down at 1V:3.5H and is extended or "keyed into" the floodplain over
a width of 10 m

Special features
29. To permit access to the river at pre-defined locations, the wave protection will include steps that
reach down to low water level. Boat access will be possible, as the typical low water level of El. 1.8 m
PWD will provide more than 2 m of draft above the berm at El. -1 m PWD.

30. A number of smaller distributaries take off from the bank of the South Channel, to accommodate
which the south approach road includes several floodplain bridges of up to 280 m in length. The off-
take zones at the bank will be specially treated to provide fixed cross sections through the riverbank
protection: a channel will be formed with protection extending some 100 m inland to avoid local
outflanking and erosion of the riverbank. Figure 2-8 shows an example of a distributary take-off from
the upper slope, with varying concrete block thickness.

Figure 2-8: 3-D presentation of sample off-take for distributaries. Wave protection elements including
staggered and projecting concrete blocks.
2.3.3 Approach Roads
31. The following design details for the approach roads are considered:
 2.3km long approach road in the Mawa side and 12.8km long approach road of 23.6m width in
the Janjira side totaling 15.1km;
 An approach road viaduct of 2.032km for Mawa side and of 1.915km for Janjira side;
 In the Mawa side the existing two-lane road will be widened to a four-lane approach road;
 In the Janjira side new approach road will be built with 6 bridges, 14 culverts, 7 underpasses,
service roads and 11 road-junctions;
32. Approach roads on both sides: The total width of each road is 23.6m and the vertical elevation is
13.25m PWD (Public Works Datum). The design speed adopted in the approach road is 100km/h. The
approach road has 2 lanes in each side with lane width of 3.65m and 2m hard shoulder and 0.5m
Inner Marginal Strip (IMS) in each direction. The road is designed with a 4m central median with a
30cm up-stand to prevent vehicles crossing this central reserve. The typical cross-section of road is
presented in Figure 2-9. In addition, the 4m median feature will allow the provision of a right-turn
(restricted use) lane at appropriate locations along the project road. It also fulfills the desired road
safety requirements of providing the widest central median. The purpose of an approach road viaduct
is to connect the approach road to the main bridge allowing under-passing of peoples, goods,
vehicles, etc. The span of road viaduct is 30m.

33. Small bridges on approach road at Janjira side: The approach road on the right bank of the River
crosses over five minor inland waterways which are used as local navigational channels during
monsoon. In addition, a bridge will be constructed on paddy land in the flood plain on hydrological
impact consideration of the road. As such, six bridges will be constructed over these locations to
ensure free passing of country boats and River flood water for offsetting hydrological impacts.

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 Figure 2-9: Typical cross-section of approach road.
34. Culverts on approach road at Janjira side: A total of 14 culverts are proposed to offset
hydrological impacts and ensure road sustainability. Of the culverts, two have three cells each of
3mx3m and the remaining twelve have single cell of same dimension.

35. Road junctions and underpasses on approach road at Janjira side: Eleven road-junctions have
been designed for the intersection with national, regional, subdivision and rural roads to give a full
range of vehicle turning movements. The crossing point through the median is restricted for use by
emergency services, maintenance crews and vehicles whose loads exceed the headroom height of
the underpass. Seven underpasses for rural roads are proposed as single cell structures of 4m width.
All rural roads carry a reasonable amount of pedestrian traffic
.
36. Service roads: In addition, service roads are provided along the full length on the side of the
approach roads to facilitate movement of local traffic. The width of service roads is 3.5m with suitable
provision made in the design to allow future widening up to 5.5m.
2.3.4 Bridge-end-Facilities

37. Different BEF is recommended in the design to provide maximum benefits to the user and the
operator.

2.3.4.1 Toll plaza on both sides and spare toll plaza at Janjira side
38. Total plot area of the toll plaza in Mawa side is about 17.5ha. Total area of the toll plaza in
Janjira side is about 4.78ha. There will be 6 toll gates in each side with a total area of 72m2. There will
be a two-storied office building with amenities, one operation and fire station building, one police
station and one weigh bridge station. In addition, there will be a spare toll plaza at Janjira side. This
will have office, accommodation and a small laboratory and at early construction stage will be used for
the mobilization of construction supervision staff. The site will be further developed for an emergency
response station to ensure proper handling of the accidents and disasters on the bridge of any nature.
In future this will be equipped with necessary emergency equipments.

2.3.4.2 Service Area

39. At Mawa side a service area will be built of 27.03ha and in Janjira side the area is 63.7ha. Each
service area will have offices for consultants and BBA, laboratory, houses for engineers, single
accommodation for engineers, sports areas and associated facilities during construction. Both service
areas will be designed to have police station, restaurant, food court, shops and kiosks, mosque, visitor
center and observation tower, visitor parking, staff parking, electrical substations, consultants and BBA
project office, control and maintenance office, club house/entertainment precinct, medical clinic, senior
staff houses, senior staff accommodation, engineers house, single engineers accommodation, and
junior staff house. Layout plan of Janjira service area is presented in Figure 2-10.
2.3.4.3 Construction Yards
40. Two construction yards (one at Mawa side 81 ha and the other at Janjira side, 78ha) are required
for providing contractors with the necessary lands for carrying out construction works and storage of
construction materials. Sites for construction yards identified during the feasibility stage are not usable
anymore. At detailed design stage of the project it is evaluated that site at Mawa side is not conducive

2-15
for use as construction yards because of access problems to this site from the Padma River. Hence,
an alternative site is assessed and finalized.

Figure 2-10: Layout plan of Janjira Service area (SA2).

Figure 2-11: Construction yard in Mawa side.

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41. In Mawa side, a newly emerged Charland to the south of the Main bridge approach was
considered an appropriate location with an acquisition area of 81ha (Figure 2-11). This land is
proposed to be procured through acquisition for future potential use of the BBA for maintenance of
goods movement and storage, display and archiving of the bridge construction. Two channels
surround the new Charland, which is barely above the water even in dry season. One is to separate
with the mainland and the second one is the deeper channel. An obvious advantage of the site is that
it will not entail any displacement of households. However, titles and ownership of the new Charland
remains to be determined. The CY1 in Mawa side is agri-charland, seperated with the mainland by a
narrow shallow channel at Vill. Kumarbhog. Agriculture crops such as paddy (roppa) and peanut are
cultivated on this charland. It is a stable and floodplain char and not submerged during normal flood.
Only during high floods (1988, 1998, and 2004 floods), this char is submerged at the water depth of
about 1.5m. No settlements, waterbodies, and trees are located on this charland.
42. The Janjira CY is more critical from construction point of view, because it will be used as the
“staging area” for materials and equipments for the Main Bridge. Requisition (i.e., temporary renting) of
some 78 ha of land between the landing area and Mongol Majir ghat to the south has been identified
(Figure 2-12). This option includes construction of a harbor on the river. The bankline within this area
is experiencing erosions threatening several villages. Close to 2,000 households will require
temporary relocation for 6 years, including provision for “self-managed” resettlement and livelihood
support - all paid for by BBA. The land acquired will be returned to the owners after project completion.
The CY2 in Janjira side is located at d/s of the RTWs at Painpara, Naodoba Mouza in Upazila: Janjira,
District: Shariatpur. CY2 is located at about 400m from the Mazirkandi Ferryghat-Shariatpur Road
towards west. It is mainly agriculture based area and fertile. It is an unstable floodplain and not
submerged during normal flood. Only during high floods (1988, 1998, and 2004 floods) this area is
submerged at the water depth of about 1m. Almost every year, this area is eroded by the Padma River
at the rate of about 100m. Many homesteads, water bodies (mainly fish ponds) and homestead trees
(mainly mango, coconut, palm, papaya, guava, cotton tree, koroi, shegun, mehegoni as well as
banana and bamboo bushes are located within this area. Tin shed houses and huts are mainly
observed in this area. About 80% households have hygienic toilets and the rest have non hygienic
toilets (open toilets). Most of the households have HTWs for drinking purposes. Drinking water quality
is almost good (arsenic free). Socio-economic status of people in this area is poor due to river erosion.

Figure 2-12: Construction yard in Janjira side.

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2.3.5 Railway
43. At the initial stage, railway on the bridge connecting two stations at the bridge ends was
considered. However, the scope has been revised to provide the future provision of the railway. The
total length of the future railway structure is 15.85km including those over main bridge (6.15km),
railway viaducts (2.789km at Mawa side and 2.899km at Janjira side) and approach railway (2.45km
at Mawa side and 1.7km at Janjira side) connecting two stations at bridge ends. The current scope
covers the the provision of railway in lower deck of the bridge including railway viaduct. The purpose
of long railway viaduct is to allow rails gradually ride the main bridge at a very soft gradient of 0.5%
from the railway line that comes along the approach roads, along with free-passing of vehicles and
others under the viaducts. The superstructure will be built of simply supported 1,600mm deep post-
tensioned pre-cast concrete I-Girders with a cast in-situ composite deck slab.
2.3.6 Utility Crossings
44. The main utilities to be accommodated include the power transmission line (400kV) and the gas
main. The gas main is simply supported within the truss with vertically orientated loops to
accommodate the necessary movements. At the two transition piers, the gas main is brought down to
ground and is carried underground away from the bridge structures. The bridge will be “gas main
ready” as the gas main will not be installed for some time after construction is completed.
45. The power transmission line is not fully resolved yet. Again the power transmission line is
unlikely to be provided within the first 8 years of the bridge life. The Consultant is still addressing how
best to accommodate the transmission line. One option is to install the 6 solid insulated cables within
the truss and looking at the cost involved and any other effects such as close proximity to the rail line.
This is currently how it is shown on the main bridge cross-section drawings (Figure 2-4). For this
case, the power transmission line would be taken down to ground at the transition piers and it is
expected that there would be some form of transformer complex away from the bridge which would
allow the cables to transfer to conventional steel lattice towers away from the bridge. The other option
(more likely) is to provide separate piled platforms further downstream from the bridge which would
support conventional steel lattice towers. Six platforms would be required in the river. The bridge
contractor could be requested to install these piled platforms during the construction contract as he
would have the suitable piling equipment. Alternatively, the Consultant could make a cost provision
and the power authority could elect to manage the whole process at a later date.
2.3.6.1 High Pressure Gasmain
46. A 30in diameter high pressure gasmain on the bridge is considered with a separate corridor.
Pigging system by installing scrapping trap stations, installation of shut off valves with venting
facilities, expansion loops along with the gas pipeline to accommodate expansion and contraction of
above ground pipeline, cathode protection (CP) system to protect pipeline corrosion, and SCADA
facilities at both end of the pipeline will be provided. In addition, necessary safety, operation and
maintenance facilities will be considered during design, construction, and operation phases as per
Natural Gas Safety Rules, 1991 (as Amended in 2003) and other International Standards.

2.3.6.2 High Voltage Power Transmission Line

47. A 400kV high voltage power transmission line will be built, which will be either on the bridge or
run parallel and away from the bridge with the following features:

 The total length of the line is assumed to be 6.5km

 The new transmission line would consist of self supporting towers, 6 towers in the middle of
river and 2 on either side on the bank. Nominal span of 830m
 The height of river crossing towers would be 100-105m all, with based width at the foundation
level to be around 20-25m. These towers would provide a clearance of 18.65m above the
water level
 The river crossing towers would be provided with climbing ladders with a fall arrest system.
Since the total height of the structures is above 80m, the climbing ladders shall be furnished
with work platforms at 20m intervals
 Standard I-string suspension insulators would be used
 Two anchor towers on either side of the line would be installed on the bank with the terminal
arrangement.

2-18
  The anchor towers would be taller to accommodate the longer spans (1000m long) and would
be used to join the 400kV line on the land on either side of the river.
 One OPGW and the one standard earthwire would be installed
 Due to structure heights, air craft warning spheres would need to be installed on the earthwire

2.3.6.3 Optical Fiber Cable

48. A provision for laying of 10cm diameter duct with proper clamping system and in a firm body for
carrying out optical fiber cable by the side of the bridge at the first level of the superstructure.
Provision for pulling and jointing of optical fiber cable and hand hole (1.5m x 1.00m) will be provided at
an interval of each 2.00km.
2.3.7 Resettlement Sites

49. In order to resettle affected people and provide compensation to the direct Project Affected
Persons (PAP), different types of compensation packages have been designed. They are as follows:
(a) housing plots and money for building houses in the resettlement areas; and (b) full monetary
compensation of the lands and structures affected from the project. Four resettlement sites (RS) will
be developed to resettle affected people (originally 5 RS were planned. Based on revised RTW option
RS1: Kabutorkhola Bazar is no longer affected by the Project. Since, RS development started in
advance, prior to other project components, a separate EA/IEE for RS is prepared. A general
discussion on RS is made in this Volume, for more detailed information of RS development and
environmental assessment readers are encouraged to review Volume 1 of the EAP. In general the
following principles were adopted:
 Distance between two consecutive houses must have minimum 2m (1m from each plot)
space to ensure proper lighting and ventilation (Minimum housing plot size should be
2
more than 65 m and minimum frontage should be 4.5m);
 Ensure arsenic and manganese free water for drinking purpose for all households: Water
requirement for rural areas is 50 lpcd (Bangladesh norms). Source of drinking water will
be groundwater from deeper aquifers at more than 300 m to supply arsenic free water. In
addition to main water supply well, 3 additional hand tube wells are proposed for each RS.
All borehole of the tubewell, will be filled at the top upto 0.6 meter around the top pipe with
sanitary seal of concrete as per design accepted by the Engineer so that flood water does
not penetrate through the boreholes and contaminate the groundwater aquifer.
 Hygienic sanitation facilities for all households, schools, mosques and health centers: A
common septic tank system will be provided and connected to latrines of household,
schools, mosques and health centers latrines through underground pipeline. The design
will consider filter media upto 4.5m depth, which is sufficient to absorb all pollutants
including microbial.
 Ensure good road communication: Minimum width for access to housing plots for public
means will be 6m.
 Ensure power facilities for all houses: Power requirement for 2.5, 5, and 7.5 decimal
housing plots is estimated to be 1.35kW, 1.5kW and 1.6kW, respectively. Source of power
will be from 11 KV line of REB and will be supplied to houses through the sub-station and
underground distribution lines.
 Ensure adequate drainage facilities: For designing of adequate drainage, peak rainfall
intensity and non-silting velocity are considered as more than 130mm/hour and more than
0.6m/sec, respectively to facilitate flow in drains.
 Ensure well managed waste collection and disposal system: There will be system of
collection and storing in separate container/bin/basket. Inorganic wastes will be sold
(plastic can, glasses etc.) and will be used as fuel (tree leaf, waste paper, straw etc.).
Organic waste will be collected for aerobic composting.
 Ensure health, safety and security for all: For health and safety, good quality drinking
water, (e.g., As<0.05mg/l, Mn<0.1 mg/l, Fe>0.3<1.0 mg/l) sanitation and waste
management will be provided. Health centers will be established in each RS. For security,
concrete wall with minimum 1.5m height will be provided.
 Ensure Seismic Design: The design of all infrastructures (mosque, school, health center,
market, etc.) in the RS has considered Bangladesh National Building Code (BNBC)
provision of seismic design.

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2.4 Summary of the Size or Magnitude of Operation
50. As mentioned earlier, the Project has several components and each component has specific
features/sub-components. Table 2-5 presents the summary of size or intensity of each of the
components and the sub-components
Table 2-5: Major components and sub-components of the project
Major Project Size or dimension
component Mawa side Janjira side
Main Bridge 6.15km long bridge of 22.5m width over the Padma River
River Training Works 2km long revetment work at Mawa side 12.53 km long revetment
work at Janjira side
Approach Roads 2.3km long of 23.6m width at Mawa side 12.8km long of 23.6m width
at Janjira side
 Approach road Northbound: 955m Northbound: 975m
viaducts Southbound 1,077m Southbound: 940m
 Small bridges None 6 bridges on the approach road
 Culverts None 14 culverts on the approach
road
 Road junctions None 11 road junctions.
 Underpasses None 7 underpasses
Bridge-end Facilities
 Toll plaza 17.5 ha 4.78 ha and 6.6 ha
 Service area 27.03ha 63.7ha
 Construction Yard 81 ha (acquisition) 78 ha (requisition)
Railway
 Railway Provision On the main bridge 6.15km, approach rail 2.899km
2.7km
 Railway viaducts 2.789km 2.899km
Utility Crossings
 High Pressure 30in diameter, 15.9mm wall thickness, and maximum allowable operating
Gasmain pressure (MAOP) of 1,135 psig
 High Voltage 400kV transmission line, double circuit power cable type XLPE, 3,000mm2 and
Power 2,000A (1,385MVA)
Transmission Line
 Optical Fiber 10cm diameter duct with proper clamping system, pulling, jointing of optical fiber
Cable line cable and hand hole (1.5m x 1.00m) at each 2.00km interval over the bridge.
Resettlement Areas RS02: Jashaldia: 13.96ha RS04: Paschim Naodoba: 19.95ha
RS03: Kumarbhog: 15.46ha RS05: Bakhorerkandi: 18.45ha
Construction Yard CY1: 81ha (acquisition) CY2: 78ha (requisition)

51. Table 2-6 summarizes bridges, culverts and underpasses on the approach road at Mawa and
Janjira sides.

Table 2-6: List of bridges, culverts and underpasses on the approach road at Janjira side
Bridges Culverts Underpasses
Starting & Name of Number Length Chainage Road class Chainage Length
ending River/ of spans of (Km) (Km) (m)
chainage canal 20m 30 bridge
(Km) m (m)
18+100 Naodoba 2 5 190 18+420 Village 18+306 30.16
River Road
Earthen
21+985 Shikder 0 5 150 18+671 upazila 21+178 37.41
Kandi Road
Khal Paved
22+505 Kutubpur 0 5 150 19+072 Union Road 21+728 31.73

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 Bridges Culverts Underpasses
Starting & Name of Number Length Chainage Road class Chainage Length
ending River/ of spans of (Km) (Km) (m)
chainage canal 20m 30 bridge
(Km) m (m)
Khal Earthen
23+260 Boro 0 7 210 19+910 Village 24+215 28.18
Kasoppur Road
Khal Earthen
23+730 Paddy 0 9 270 20+250 Village 24+595 27.93
Field Road
Earthen
25+430 Padma 1* - 30 20+400 upazila 26+452 30.88
Char Road
Mollah Paved
Kandi
Khal
21+300 Union Road 27+168 29.40
Paved
21+760
24+407
24+920
25+930
26+625
27+040
27+240
Note: All culverts are of equal dimension 3mx3m.

2.5 Sourcing of Resources for Project Implementation

52. The construction of the Project will require various types of construction materials of various
quantities. A list of large quantity of materials required in the project is presented in Table 2-7. Apart
from the construction materials, electricity, telecommunication and internet services, office equipments
etc. will be required during the construction phases. These services will be sought from local sources.
Electricity in the construction and associated sites will be sourced from available nearest local sources
such as substations of Rural Electrification Board (REB)/Power Development Board (PDB) in both
sides of the River. Fuels (octane/diesel) for vehicles and for other equipments (generators, pile driving
ships/equipments etc.) will be one of the major resources required. This fuel will be made available
from the local fuel supply network.
Table 2-7: List of the Materials and the Potential Sources during construction.
Name of Significant area of use of materials in
materials the construction
Approach road construction

Small bridges/culverts/ erts

Concrete prod. for various

Railway line construction

Toll plaza/ service area

River training works

Construction yards

Resettlement Site

Source
underpasses
development

Main bridge
use

Asphalt √ √ √ √ Eastern Refinery Chittagong

Water √ √ √ √ √ √ Groundwater from local area
Energy √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ Local PDB/REB supply in
Mawa side and generators in

2-21
 Name of Significant area of use of materials in
materials the construction

Approach road construction

Small bridges/culverts/ erts

Concrete prod. for various

Railway line construction

Toll plaza/ service area

River training works

Construction yards

Resettlement Site
Source

underpasses
development

Main bridge
use

Janjira side. Diesel will be

procured from local fuel
supply network,
Sand/gravel √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ Dredge material from River
training works; Sylhet
sand/gravel
Stone/rock √ √ √ √ √ √ Crushed Pakur rock from
aggregate India or other neighboring
countries
Rock √ √ √ Indian Pakur rock or other
neighboring countries
Cement √ √ √ √ √ √ √ Local market meeting
specifications
Bricks √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ Local 1st class brick
Iron Bar √ √ √ √ √ √ Local market meeting
specifications
Steel-main √ Imported from abroad like
bridge Japan, China, Korea meeting
superstructu specifications
re
Geo-textile √ √ Imported from abroad like
Japan, China, Korea meeting
specifications
Steel √ Imported from abroad like
casing- Japan, China, Korea meeting
bridge pier specifications
Wood √ √ √ √ Local source
Bamboo √ √ √ √ Local source
Labor √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ Local source especially
unskilled labor from among
the PAPs

2.6 Proposed Schedule for Implementation

53. The estimated duration of construction is approximately 3 years. The construction of the
foundations takes about 28 months. The steel trusses are fabricated and assembled off-site and
therefore many activities can run in parallel, benefitting the construction program. The erection of the
steel trusses and subsequent placement of the precast top slab panels will be a relatively fast process,
particularly if the contractor opts to use a large heavy duty floating crane. The schedule of
implementation is presented in Figure 2-13. The tentative construction schedule for RTW (Figure 2-14)
shows that the work can be built in parallel to the main bridge. It is important to note that two main
working seasons (dry seasons) are required after one first dry season for stockpiling and mobilization.

2-22
Sl
Contract Package 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
No.
Construction Yards for Main
1
Bridge- Preparatory Works

Main Bridge and Approach Nominal 42 months

2
Viaducts

Nominal 50 months
3 River Training Works (RTW)

Janjira Approach Road & Nominal 36 months

4
Selected Bridge End Facilities

Mawa Approach Roads & Nominal 24 months

5
Selected Bridge End Facilities

Nominal 36 months
6 Service Area-2

Notes : 1. Defects Liability Periods (nominal 12 months) not indicated for each contract.
2. Formal procurement process has only commenced to date, for Sl. No.2 (Main Bridge and Approach Viaducts).
Prequalification advertised on 11 April 2010.
3. RTW Contract duration is extremely dependent on contract award date relative to Dry Seasons.
Figure 2-13: Implementation Schedule of the Project

2-23
 SEASON 1 SEASON 2 SEASON 3 SEASON 4
2010 2011 2011 2012 2012 2013 2013 2014
7 8 9 10 11 12 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Contract Award (end January 2011) X
Mobilization/Site Preparation
Office/Personnel Mobilization 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Accomodation Construction 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Dredging and Reclamation of Work Areas * 2 2 2
Preparation of Accommodation/Work Areas, incl.Jetties 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

Material Supply Infastructure

Geobags Filling and Stockpiling 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Rock Supply 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
CC Block Production 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

River Training Works Construction

NB Revetment (Dredging + Placement) 2 2 2 2 2 2 1
Dredge Ferry By‐pass Channel 2
SB Main Revetment (Dredging + Placement) 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 1
SB Secondary Revetment (Dredge + Placement) 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 1

EQUIPMENT REQUIREMENTS
Shallow Reach ‐ Cuttersuctiondredger #1 MOB 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 DEMOB
Deep Reach ‐ Cuttersuctiondredger #2 MOB 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 DEMOB

2-24
Deep Reach ‐ Cuttersuctiondredger #3 MOB 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 DEMOB
Reclamation equipment ** MOB 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 DEMOB

Geobags transport equipment 1 1 1 1 1 1

Geobags dumping pontoon #1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Geobags dumping pontoon #2 1 1 1 1 1 1

Rock handling equipment *** 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

Side Stone Dumping Vessel (SSDV) #1 MOB 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 DEMOB
Side Stone Dumping Vessel #2 MOB 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 DEMOB
Side Stone Dumping Vessel #3 MOB 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 DEMOB

CC Block casting yard, on NB first, on SB later 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

CC Block Transportation Equipment 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

Figure 2-14: Tentative Construction Schedule for the RTW

CC Block Placement Equipment 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

Equipment workshop facilities **** 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

Abbreviations: NOTES:
SB ‐ South Bank *) Work areas incl. or excl. a work harbor
NB ‐ North Bank **) Loaders, bulldozers, excavators, number varying with number of dredgers
***) Dumptrucks, loaders and excavators for unloading rock from transport pontoons, stockpiling and reloading to SSDV's
****) Facilities for company cars, for reclamation and rock handling equipment and for all floating equipment
2.7 Relevant Associated Components
54. Figure 2-1 shows the associated components to the Project. These associated components are not in
the present scope of the Project but will need to be considered as essential activities. Each of these
associated components is described below.
2.7.1 Widening of Dhaka-Mawa Highway (N8)
55. International Route Asian Highway-1 that will connect Tamabil, Sylhet, Sarail, Kanchpur, Dhaka,
Mawa, Bhatiapara, Narail, Jessore and Benapole in Bangladesh will require access through the Padma
Bridge. As per traffic forecast for the year of 2014 and RHD road master plan, the existing 38km long 2-lane
highway from Dhaka to Mawa will require to be widened to 4-lane. Thus, there is an urgent need to take
initiatives for widening of this road to avoid the foreseen traffic congestion on the highway. The problems
foreseen in widening to four lanes is that the new developments have been observed in the right-of-way in
selected locations. Roadside plantation is extensive. Therefore, widening in one side (west side of the
existing road) is recommended to avoid cutting of huge quantities of trees.
2.7.2 Bypass Road in Group B of Rajuk
56. The Group-B area part of Group-D is covered by 27.16 km roads. Out of the total roads 34.11 percent
are kutcha and 10.18 percent semi-pacca. Dhaka-Mawa Highway covers a small part of the area. The only
road within the area is Tegharia road which will connect Munshiganj with a bridge over Dhaleshwari River.
This is almost a circular road which starts from Dhaka-Mawa Road and again meets the Dhaka-Mawa Road
near the foot of Friendship Bridge no.1 covering Bibirbazar, Jajira and Konda in the southern part of the
area. This has a crest width of about 9.14m (30ft) and right of way varies from 15.24m (50ft) to 21.3m (70ft).
The parts of the circular road have been constructed by mainly joining the gaps and will serve the whole of
the Group B and D area of Rajuk when the construction of the last portion of the gap will be completed. This
circular road will help in diverting the through traffic bypassing Dhaka city. Thus there is an urgent need to
complete the missing links accommodating additional traffic when the Padma Bridge will be operational.
2.7.3 Railway Network Development
57. The railway on the bridge will be from the beginning of its operation. In order to take the full benefits of
the Padma Bridge, Bangladesh Railway requires undertaking urgent initiatives for constructing 30km long
railway line from Gendaria-Mawa to connect Padma Bridge and then 90km long railway line from the Padma
Bridge to Bhanga-Kashiani-Narail-Jessore. Then this railway connection will work as integral part of the
proposed Trans-Asian railway network.
2.7.4 Gas Main Network Development
58. Government has planned to construct a 60km long High Pressure Gasmain of 30in (0.762m) diameter
from Bakhrabad Gas Field to Siddirganj to augment gas supply to Power Stations in and around Siddirganj
area and to Metropolitan Dhaka. The wall thickness of the pipe will be 15.9mm, and maximum allowable
operating pressure (MAOP) of 1,135 psig. A 30in diameter off-take valve will be constructed at Langalbandh
of Sonargaon upazila under Narayanganj district. This off-take valve will be the source point for gas supply
to Mawa through a 30km long High Pressure Gasmain of 30in diameter, which will cross the Padma
Multipurpose Bridge and extend up to Khulna (158km) for completing the proposed National Gas Grid.
2.7.5 High Voltage Power Transmission Network Development
59. The closest power grid available for 400kV high voltage power transmission at Mawa side is in
Siddirganj under Narayanganj district and at Janjira side is in Khulna. The distance of transmission line from
Siddirganj to Mawa is about 46km and from Janjira-Gopalganj to Khulna is 158km.
2.7.6 Telecommunication Network Development
60. Develop the missing link of the telecommunication network in both sides of the river.

2-25
 CHAPTER 3:

DESCRIPTION
OF THE
ENVIRONMENT
 Table of Contents
3 Description of the Environment.............................................................3-1
3.1 Physical Resources ............................................................................................................ 3-1
3.1.1 Topography .............................................................................................................. 3-1
3.1.2 Soils ......................................................................................................................... 3-3
3.1.3 Landuse ................................................................................................................... 3-7
3.1.4 Climate................................................................................................................... 3-11
3.1.5 Geology and Geomorphology................................................................................. 3-14
3.1.6 Surface Water Resources ...................................................................................... 3-17
3.1.7 Groundwater Resources ........................................................................................ 3-21
3.1.8 Bathymetry ............................................................................................................. 3-21
3.2 Ecological Resources ....................................................................................................... 3-23
3.2.1 State of Biodiversity ............................................................................................... 3-23
3.2.2 Forests and Protected Areas.................................................................................. 3-25
3.2.3 Ecological Baseline Survey .................................................................................... 3-25
3.2.4 Fisheries ................................................................................................................ 3-42
3.2.5 Insects and Butterflies ............................................................................................ 3-49
3.2.6 Benthos.................................................................................................................. 3-50
3.3 Environmental Quality....................................................................................................... 3-50
3.3.1 Air Quality .............................................................................................................. 3-51
3.3.2 Noise Quality.......................................................................................................... 3-53
3.3.3 Surface Water Quality ............................................................................................ 3-55
1.3.1 Groundwater Quality .............................................................................................. 3-56
3.3.4 Riverbed Sediment Quality..................................................................................... 3-57
3.4 Social and Cultural Profile ................................................................................................ 3-58
3.4.1 Population and Community Characteristics............................................................ 3-59
3.4.2 Socio-economic Conditions.................................................................................... 3-59
3.4.3 Land Acquisition..................................................................................................... 3-60
3.4.4 Physical and Cultural Resources............................................................................ 3-61
3.5 Economic Activities........................................................................................................... 3-62
3.5.1 Agriculture .............................................................................................................. 3-62
3.5.2 Fisheries ................................................................................................................ 3-63
3.5.3 Ferry Operations and Ferry Ghats.......................................................................... 3-63
3.5.4 Health and Safety................................................................................................... 3-64
3.5.5 Tourism .................................................................................................................. 3-64
3.5.6 Access to Health Services...................................................................................... 3-65
3.5.7 Access to Education............................................................................................... 3-65
3.5.8 Water Supply and Sanitation .................................................................................. 3-67
3.5.9 Roads and Communication .................................................................................... 3-67
3.5.10 Access to Energy ................................................................................................... 3-69

List of Tables
Table 3-1: Soil Characteristics of the Project Area............................................................................. 3-4
Table 3-2: Texture of soil samples obtained from test pits ................................................................. 3-6

3-i
Table 3-3: Landuse classification of the Project Area ........................................................................ 3-7
Table 3-4: Landuse Pattern in the Project Areas ............................................................................... 3-8
Table 3-5: Project Component-wise Landuse Pattern...................................................................... 3-10
Table 3-6: Maximum and minimum monthly humidity at Dhaka and Madaripur ............................... 3-13
Table 3-7: Maximum wind speed and direction at Dhaka and Madaripur stations............................ 3-14
Table 3-8: Stratigraphy of the Project area ...................................................................................... 3-15
Table 3-9: Hydrological and Hydraulic data of Padma River at Mawa Station.................................. 3-17
Table 3-10: Rivers/khals in the project area..................................................................................... 3-18
Table 3-11: Distribution of Ponds in the Project Influence Area ....................................................... 3-18
Table 3-12: Biota of Bangladesh and in the project area ................................................................. 3-23
Table 3-13: Wildlife survey data during December 2005-February 2006. ........................................ 3-25
Table 3-14: Bi-monthly survey data (sensitive terrestrial birds) in project area ................................ 3-31
Table 3-15: Bi-monthly survey data (migratory/winter birds) in project area..................................... 3-35
Table 3-16: Threatened amphibians, mammals, and reptiles in the project area ............................. 3-38
Table 3-17: Bi-monthly survey data (sensitive mammals) in project area ........................................ 3-39
Table 3-18: Bi-monthly survey data (reptiles) in project area ........................................................... 3-41
Table 3-19: Bi-monthly survey data (amphibians) in project area .................................................... 3-42
Table 3-20: Significant fish species and there status ....................................................................... 3-45
Table 3-21: Hydrological data for experimental site (Mawa) along the Padma................................. 3-46
Table 3-22: Fish habitat area of the buffered study area (5 km circle) ............................................. 3-46
Table 3-23: Estimated fish production (Mton) of the study area ....................................................... 3-47
Table 3-24: Fishing gears of the study area..................................................................................... 3-48
Table 3-25: Ambient air quality monitoring data of the Project area (concentrations are in g/m3) .. 3-52
Table 3-26: Estimated ambient air quality concentration in the Project area (in g/m3).................... 3-52
Table 3-27: Ambient air quality monitoring data of the Project area (concentrations are in g/m3) .. 3-53
Table 3-28: Noise Quality in the Project Area in July 2009 (dBA). ................................................... 3-53
Table 3-29: Noise Quality in the Project Area in November 2009. ................................................... 3-54
Table 3-30: Surface Water Quality in the Project Area, July 2009 .................................................. 3-55
Table 3-31: Surface Water Quality in Padma River, November 2009 .............................................. 3-55
Table 3-32: Groundwater Quality Monitoring in the Project Area, July 2009 .................................... 3-56
Table 3-33: Ground Water Quality Monitoring in the Project Area, November 2009 ........................ 3-57
Table 3-34: Riverbed Sediments Quality Monitoring Data, July 2009 .............................................. 3-57
Table 3-35: Riverbed Sediments Quality, December 2009 .............................................................. 3-58
Table 3-36: Affected Households and Population by Type of Loss by District and Upazila............. 3-59
Table 3-37: Principal Occupation of the APs.................................................................................... 3-59
Table 3-38: Level of Per Capita Income of Affected Households by District .................................... 3-59
Table 3-39: Total Area of land (ha) to be acquired permanently for the Project ............................... 3-60
Table 3-40: Identification of PCRs .................................................................................................. 3-61
Table 3-41: Cropping Pattern and Annual Crop Production in the Project Area ............................... 3-62
Table 3-42: Annual catch of Fishes (in tons) in the Project districts, 2003-2004 .............................. 3-63
Table 3-43: Number of daily trips by water transport....................................................................... 3-63
Table 3-44: Recorded Casualty Accidents by Project District .......................................................... 3-64
Table 3-45: Medical support facilities in Project districts .................................................................. 3-65
Table 3-46: Population of school attendance by age in Project districts........................................... 3-65
Table 3-47: Number educational institutes, teachers and students in the Project area. ................... 3-65
Table 3-48: Access to education by gender ..................................................................................... 3-66
Table 3-49: Number of affected Tubewells within the ROW of the Project....................................... 3-67
Table 3-50: Number of affected toilets within the ROW of the Project.............................................. 3-67

3-ii
Table 3-51: Communication network in Project districts................................................................... 3-67
Table 3-52: Mode of transport to work place.................................................................................... 3-68
Table 3-53: Use of cell phone by villagers ....................................................................................... 3-68
Table 3-54: Consumption of fuel for cooking in Project area............................................................ 3-69
Table 3-55: Use of electricity by people of sample villages .............................................................. 3-69

List of Figures

Figure 3-1: Elevation profile of the Project road ................................................................................. 3-1

Figure 3-2: Physiographic features of the Project area ...................................................................... 3-2
Figure 3-3: Digital Elevation Map of the Project Area......................................................................... 3-3
Figure 3-4: Longitudinal Strata Profile................................................................................................ 3-5
Figure 3-5: Cross-Section along Bridge Axis South Bank .................................................................. 3-6
Figure 3-6: Satellite images from the project area from 1999 to 2009................................................ 3-9
Figure 3-7: Landuse maps of the Project area from 1999 to 2009 ................................................... 3-10
Figure 3-8: Mean monthly temperatures in Dhaka ........................................................................... 3-12
Figure 3-9: Mean monthly temperatures in Madaripur ..................................................................... 3-12
Figure 3-10: Monthly rainfall in Dhaka ............................................................................................. 3-12
Figure 3-11: Monthly rainfall in Madaripur........................................................................................ 3-13
Figure 3-12: Maximum Wind speed and Direction at Dhaka and Madaripur .................................... 3-14
Figure 3-13: Geological features of Project area.............................................................................. 3-15
Figure 3-14: Seismic zoning map of the Project area....................................................................... 3-17
Figure 3-15: Padma River width in last 160 years............................................................................ 3-18
Figure 3-16: River Padma and its distributaries and canals ............................................................. 3-20
Figure 3-17: Flood prone areas in the Project area.......................................................................... 3-21
Figure 3-18: Three-dimensional rendering of the Padma River and adjacent south floodplain near the
proposed bridge location ......................................................................................................... 3-22
Figure 3-19: Bathymetry of the Padma in 2008 and 2009................................................................ 3-23
Figure 3-20: Bio-ecological zones of the country ............................................................................. 3-24
Figure 3-21: Flora in the Project area .............................................................................................. 3-28
Figure 3-22: Major aquatic habitat found within the Project area. (All photos taken between 21 and 22
July 2009.)............................................................................................................................... 3-29
Figure 3-23: Terrestrial and Aquatic Bird Habitats (Photographs taken during July 2009) ............... 3-30
Figure 3-24: Terrestrial birds observed during monitoring field work 2009-2010.............................. 3-32
Figure 3-25: Aquatic birds observed during monitoring field work in 2009-2010. ............................. 3-33
Figure 3-26: Bird habitats, terrestrial and aquatic birds.................................................................... 3-35
Figure 3-27: Migratory and Uncommon resident birds observed during field monitoring in November
2009 ........................................................................................................................................ 3-37
Figure 3-28: Aquatic species observed in the Project area. ............................................................. 3-39
Figure 3-29: Important wildlife habitats around the bridge site. ........................................................ 3-40
Figure 3-30: Fish breeding grounds in the Padma River.................................................................. 3-43
Figure 3-31: Movement of Jatka (Hilsa juvenile) into the Padma river. ............................................ 3-44
Figure 3-32: Fish habitat classification of the study area ................................................................. 3-46
Figure 3-33: Fish catch pattern by gears......................................................................................... 3-47
Figure 3-34: Different types of fishing gears and crafts of the study chars....................................... 3-48
Figure 3-35: Fish catch composition (%) of the Padma river (DoF, 2001)........................................ 3-49
Figure 3-36: Butterflies in the project area ....................................................................................... 3-50

3-iii
Figure 3-37: Benthos indicator species for fresh water bodies in the Project area. .......................... 3-50
Figure 3-38: Locations of Environmental Quality Monitoring Stations .............................................. 3-51
Figure 3-39: Kumarbhog Jamey Mosque ......................................................................................... 3-62

3-iv
3 Description of the Environment
3.1 Physical Resources
3.1.1 Topography
1. The topography around the Project area is almost flat with elevations on the left bank along
the approach road ranges from 6.7 m to 7.7m, while elevations of the right bank along the approach
road ranges from 3.6 to 7.7 m. Elevation profile of the natural ground along the Project road (including
approach road) and river bathymetry (along bridge alignment) is given in Figure 3-1.

10
Mawa
Approach Road Towards Janjira
5
Left Bank
Right Bank
0
Elevation, m

‐5
Ground Level, m
‐10 Riverbed

Padma River
‐15

‐20
7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28
Chinage, Km
Figure 3-1: Elevation profile of the Project road
2. The Project area is located in the flood plain of the River Ganges/Padma, which is part of the
active delta system consisting of flat alluvial plains and is quite active with dynamic and simultaneous
processes of accretion and erosion. The physiographic features of the project area are shown in
Figure 3-2. Left bank is located in ‘Low Ganges River Flood Plain’, while right bank is located in
‘Active Ganges Flood Plain’. The relief of Ganges River flood plain is locally irregular alongside the
present and former River courses, especially in the west, comprising a rapidly alternating series of
linear low ridges and depressions. The Ganges channel is constantly shifting within its active
floodplain, eroding and depositing large areas of new Charland in each flood season. The right bank
is (Janjira side) prone to more erosion than the left bank (Mawa side).

3. Digital elevation map of the whole Project area is shown in Figure 3-3. Elevations along the
left bank mostly range from 4.5 to 6m. Higher elevations of 7.5 to 9m are located in isolated patches
away from the bank.

4. Elevations along the right bank mostly range from 7.5 to 9m on the upstream, 4.5 to 6m on
downstream. Very low elevations of 1.5 to 4m are located immediately near the bridge landing.

5. Elevation in the Charland ranges from 1.5 to 6m. Charland on the upstream sides are more
elevated than the downstream side.

3-1
Figure 3-2: Physiographic features of the Project area

3-2
 Figure 3-3: Digital Elevation Map of the Project Area
3.1.2 Soils
6. Soils in the Project area are mostly alluvium with the presence of non-calcareous minerals
(calcite and dolomite) from the Ganges River deposits and mica and biotitic from Jamuna River
sediments. Due to the braiding character of Padma River with its shifting position, the subsoil
normally consisted of an intercalation of sands, medium fine sands to silt, and sometimes clay. The
predominant soil groups of the study area include non-calcareous alluvium soils, grey floodplain soils,
and brown-mottled deep grey terrace soils, and non- calcareous brown soils. The deltaic fill material
ranges in size from clays to medium sands, all of which are susceptible to erosion. The only
exceptions to this are lenses of cohesive clays that are able to inhibit erosion and scour, and can act
in a way similar to bedrock. Thick layers of non-erodable clay can influence River movement, and
unusually shaped meander loops in Rivers (such as in the case of Arial Khan River) maybe due to the
presence of such clay. Soil characteristics of the project area are given in Table 3-1.

3-3
7. According to FAO classification, the soil groups in the Project area can be classified as
Fluvisols. The texture of surface soils can be classified as ‘loam’ with 35% of sand and 47% of silt
fractions. The texture of subsoils also can be classified as ‘loam’ with sand and silt fractions of 37%
and 46%, respectively. The texture of associated soils is also similar to the dominant soils. Physical
and soil properties of these soil class are also given in Table 3-1.
Table 3-1: Soil Characteristics of the Project Area
Dominant
Soil Parameter Soils Associate soils
FAO Soil Mapping Unit Number 3743 3743
Dominant Soil Group FL - Fluvisols FL - Fluvisols
Eutric Calcaric
Soil Unit Name (FAO74) Fluvisols Gleysols
Top Soil Properties
Topsoil Sand Fraction (%) 35 35
Topsoil Silt Fraction (%) 47 42
Topsoil Clay Fraction (%) 18 23
Topsoil USDA Texture Classification loam loam
Topsoil Reference Bulk Density (kg/dm3) 1.41 1.38
Topsoil Gravel Content (%) 10 4
Topsoil Organic Carbon (% weight) 0.6 1.27
Topsoil pH (H2O) 8 7.1
Topsoil CEC (clay) (cmol/kg) 65 35
Topsoil CEC (soil) (cmol/kg) 14 12
Topsoil Base Saturation (%) 100 82
Topsoil TEB (cmol/kg) 19.8 8.8
Topsoil Calcium Carbonate (% weight) 11.7 1
Topsoil Gypsum (% weight) 0.2 0
Topsoil Sodicity (ESP) (%) 2 2
Topsoil Salinity (ECe) (dS/m) 0.7 0.1
Subsoil Properties
Subsoil Sand Fraction (%) 37 36
Subsoil Silt Fraction (%) 45 47
Subsoil Clay Fraction (%) 18 17
Subsoil USDA Texture Classification loam loam
Subsoil Reference_Bulk_Density (kg/dm3) 1.42 1.42
Subsoil Gravel Content (%) 11 5
Subsoil Organic Carbon (% weight) 0.4 0.42
Subsoil pH (H2O) 8.1 7.7
Subsoil CEC (clay) (cmol/kg) 84 38
Subsoil CEC (soil) (cmol/kg) 13 12
Subsoil Base Saturation (%) 100 86
Subsoil TEB (cmol/kg) 20.7 9.5
Subsoil Calcium Carbonate (% weight) 12.2 3
Subsoil Gypsum (% weight) 0.3 0
Subsoil Sodicity (ESP) (%) 3 2
Subsoil Salinity (ECe) (dS/m) 0.5 0.1
Source: Harmonized World Soil Database, FAO

3.1.2.1 Borehole Investigation Results

8. The several subsoil investigations for the RTW unit are planned and was carried out during
2009 monsoon focusing on the north bank (12 locations) with two boreholes at the south bank. The
depth of boreholes was 35 to 70m. More detail information is available in Annex I, Scheme Design of
RTW. In addition, subsoil investigation using boreholes was also conducted as part of the main bridge
geotechnical investigation.

3-4
3.1.2.2 Strata along North Bank
9. Eight boreholes were sunk down to 35 and 70 m depth. Disturbed and undisturbed
samples were taken in regular distances; Standard Penetration Tests were performed as well. The
visual soil classifications were corrected by the classification tests in laboratory. On the basis of these
corrections, together with the number of SPT-values, the strata profile along the north bank was
prepared (Figure 3-4). River banks, as those of Padma River, are characterized by continuous erosion
and deposition. Stratification is not coherent and homogenous; the deposits vary in composition,
density and consistency even in short distances. Soils in adjacent boreholes, at similar level and with
similar composition, do not belong necessarily to the same “stratum”. They were deposited at
different times and on different conditions. For the assessment a certain generalization is required.
For this reason the generalized Longitudinal Strata Profile cannot show all local variations.

10. The boreholes conducted on the mainland did not show clay at this depth, but silty
sand/sandy silt. For further considerations a working hypothesis is derived: It is clay from the thick
surface layer. This clay layer rests on top of the fine grained silty sand/sandy silt which is very
susceptible to erosion. It can be easily washed out and the clay breaks off in big and high clods.
These clods of clay lay now above the silty sand/sandy silt, medium dense to dense (layer 3) and
replaced layers 2 in front of the river bank step by step.

Figure 3-4: Longitudinal Strata Profile

11. At North Bank a thick layer of clay stabilizes the riverbanks. The clays belong to the group
of floodplain clays. Floodplain clays are usually weakened by joints and fissures due to deposition
followed by cyclic expansion and contraction from wetting and drying. Many soft seams, embedded in
the layer, confirm this observation. The presence of fissures produces some permeability even in the
clay layer. This explains the observation that water level in fishery ponds reacts in short time to the
variations of the river level.

3.1.2.3 Strata along South Bank

12. In the course of the bridge design 4 boreholes (ABBH 01, ABBH 02, ABBH 03, ABBH 04)
were performed in the bridge axis from ~140 m behind the present riverbank to the Charland in front
of the riverbank. Laboratory testing was carried out on samples collected below -80 m PWD. On the
flood plain there is 2 – 3 m thick layer of young clay. Consistency ranges from very soft to soft.

13. On the mainland below this clay layer (ABBH 01) sand is following having medium density.

3-5
With increasing depth density increases as well. In the direction to the char there is loose sand
having a thickness of 30 m below the clay layer. In a depth of -27 m PWD to -37 m PWD stiff clay
was detected. However, this clay was not found in the other boreholes. Borehole ABBH 02 in
comparison with ABBH 01 demonstrates the change between the more stable deposits on the
mainland and the continuously redeposited material in front of the riverbank and on the char.
14. The near-surface clay layer was deposited in very recent times. The sand deposits are
coarser than those at the north bank and the silt fraction is smaller. Mica content at south bank is
probably higher than at north bank. At the South Bank the stabilizing clay layer does not exist. It only
exists locally. The soil profile is formed by silty sand/sandy silt exclusively. The grain sizes are
coarser than at the North Bank. The upper side of the strata profile has predominantly loose (to
medium) density. Also here density increases to medium density below riverbed. At South Side,
however, the riverbed is situated at lower depth. According to bathymetric survey it is situated
approximately at -10 m PWD. The test results show a clearly higher content of mica minerals at
South Bank than at North Bank.
3.1.2.4 Char in front of Janjira
15. The investigations of the main bridge showed silty sand on the surface down to
approximately 15 m (Figure 3-5. Silty sand, medium dense, follows. Density increases with the depth
and finally the relative density gets more and more medium dense to dense. All deposits contain
mica.

Figure 3-5: Cross-Section along Bridge Axis South Bank

16. Textural analysis of soils has been carried out during geotechnical investigations from the
soils collected from test pits on both the banks and Charland. Results of this analysis are shown in
Table 3-2. Soils in the left bank have higher silt content than the soils of Charland and right bank.
Generally soils on the left bank are very stable and less prone to River erosion. Soils in the Charland
can be classified as ‘silty clay loam’ with sand and silt content of 70% and 27%, respectively. This
Charland is a relatively stable Charland formed about 20 years ago. Soils on the right bank near
service area are ‘loamy sand’ with a very high sand content of 82%. Hence, soils in the right bank are
more prone to River erosion. Most of the soils in the Project area are highly fertile from agriculture
viewpoint and suitable for agricultural crop production and tree plantation.
Table 3-2: Texture of soil samples obtained from test pits
Close to the Charland Close to the Right Bank near
Left Bank (Charland Right Bank Service Area 3
Janajat)
Test Pit Number TP-1 TP-2 TP-3 TP-4
Depth (m) 2.4 ~ 3.0 2~2.5 2.4~2.8 2.4~3.0
Water content (%) 30 28 24 32
Specific Gravity 2.74 2.74 2.74 2.66
Gradation:
Sand (%) 2 27 13 82.5

3-6
 Silt (%) 81 70 77 17
Clay (%) 17 3 10 0.5
Texture Silty loam Silty clay loam Silty loam Loamy sand
D50 (mm) 0.016 0.050 0.028 0.110
Source: Consultant Soil Investigation Results, 2009
3.1.3 Landuse
17. The Project area comprises of agricultural land, homestead land, homestead vegetation and
water bodies. Agriculture is major landuse on both sides of the Padma River due to the presence of
alluvial fertile lands. Landuse classification of the Project area has been derived from the satellite
imageries of November 1999, February 2005, April 2005, and February 2009 as listed in Table 3-3.
Table 3-3: Landuse classification of the Project Area
Area (Hectares)
Landuse Classification Feb-05 Feb-09 Apr-05 Nov-99
Rabi Rabi Kharif I Kharif II
River 6,547 6,286 7,363 8,089
Other Water Bodies (includes water-bodies, 148 290 376 1689
beels with and without aquatic weeds, etc.)
Agricultural crops 9,019 7,230 7,780 8,244
Fallow land / Reed Land 3,953 5,354 5,182 1,901
Sand 1,124 1,552 92 712
Settlement and Homestead Vegetations 3,279 3,358 3,277 3,463
Total 24,070 24,070 24,070 24,093
Note: The difference between April 2005 and November 1999 total landuse is in the coverage of the
satellite image.
Source: Consultant Estimate, 2009.
18. The satellite images are presented in Figure 3-6. For gross visual interpretation of the
images, it is helpful to note that with this image band combination, the reddish areas normally
represent green vegetation cover, and may include agricultural crops, trees and grass. Dark grey and
black areas usually represent water. Light grey areas represent moist soils. Very light grey to almost
white areas represents fallow lands. White areas represent sand. The visual interpretation shows
differences in the land cover among the four images. Images from November 1999 to February 2009
show considerable changes of the black to dark grey areas to reddish to red color mostly in the left
bank of the River which indicates changes of the water areas into agricultural crop.

19. The numerous different color shades seen in the images have been lumped together and
digitally classified into following five broad classes in order to quantify and locate the changes in land
cover. The classification has been done based on statistical classification techniques, and field visits
by the Consultant to collect field specific data.

 Water – This is a broad class and covers all water areas in the study area. It includes any open
water bodies, like Rivers, beels and ponds. It also includes those areas within the Charland, beels
or Riverbanks which have very shallow water. It covers water with and without aquatic weeds and
grasses. Wet sand is also included in water class.
 Sand – This is a broad class and covers dry sands mostly in chars and Riverbanks and very little
in main lands.
 Agricultural crop land – covers Boro (rice seedlings), Rabi and Kharif crops. The image of April
2005, depicts the Boro plantation (with some teel and other Kharif-I crops) which is a major crop
grown at this time of the year. Boro is dominated mostly in the left bank of the Padma River.
Images of February 2005 and February 2009 depict Rabi crops that include mainly onion,
coriander, cumin seeds, wheat, coriander, garlic, mustard, etc. This class also has some Boro
seedbed and Boro in low and moist lands. In image of November 1999, clear fallow areas were

3-7
 considered as major crop: Jute (confirmed by local farmers), and other crops like mix Aus and
Aman for Kharif-II season.
 Fallow land –includes fallow bare land as well as fallow land with stubble and grass.
 Settlements – The settlements are mapped by on-screen digitization from another image i.e., the
IRS panchromatic image of 2004 with a resolution of 6m x 6m. The settlement and homestead
vegetation class is recognized by trees that usually surround villages and are digitized as feature
objects which may include houses, ponds, gardens, etc., that are within the settlements. It was
found that the settlement areas have reduced in 2009 from 1999 due to erosion in right bank of
the River over the years.
20. The distribution of major classes of land cover is shown in Table 3-3 and in Figure 3-7. On
an average, about 34% of the landuse in the Project area is agriculture; 29% is River; 17% is fallow or
reed land, particularly in the Charland; 14% is homestead and homestead vegetation; and 4% is sand.

21. Results of landuse survey along the left bank, right bank and Charland within the Project
area, excluding the River portion, are given in Table 3-4. Agriculture is the major dominant landuse in
the Project area with 65% in left bank and 86% in right bank. Residential development on the left
bank is higher than the right bank. About 34% of the Charland is used for agriculture and 43% is
fallow land. Only 3% of the Charland is used for housing and settlement.
Table 3-4: Landuse Pattern in the Project Areas
Landuse Type Left Bank – Right Bank - Charland (%)
Mawa (%) Janjira (%)
Agricultural 64.70 86.40 34.00
Housing/Settlement 30.80 12.30 3.00
Commercial 0.40 0.07 0.00
Fallow 0.70 0.08 43.00
Orchard/Plantation 0.18 0.36 0.00
Water bodies 1.06 0.07 3.00
Cultural Resources 0.18 0.12 0.00
(Community Property)
Others 2.02 0.58
Exposed Sand 17.00
Total 100 100 100
Source: Consultant Estimate, 2009.

November 1999. Landsat TM Satellite image with February 2005. IRS P6 LISS III Satellite image with
ground resolution of 30m x 30m ground resolution of 24m x 24m

3-8
 April 2005: IRS P6 LISS III Satellite image with February 2009: IRS P6 LISS III Satellite image
ground resolution of 24m x 24m with ground resolution of 24m x 24m
Figure 3-6: Satellite images from the project area from 1999 to 2009

November 1999: Classified Landsat TM Satellite February 2005: Classified IRS P6 LISS III Satellite
image converted to landuse map image converted to landuse map

3-9
 April 2005: Classified IRS P6 LISS III Satellite February 2009: Classified IRS P6 LISS III Satellite
image converted to landuse map image converted to landuse map
Figure 3-7: Landuse maps of the Project area from 1999 to 2009
22. A detailed description of the landuse pattern along the approach roads, bridge end facilities
and RTW are given in Table 3-5. The description considers 150 m ROW for the approach roads and
railways and 300 m for RTW.
Table 3-5: Project Component-wise Landuse Pattern
Project Left Bank (Mawa) Right Bank (Janjira)
Components
Approach Passes through the rural areas of Passes through rural areas of Janjira
Road, Lauhajang and Srinagar upazila of the upazila of Shariatpur district and
Service Area district of Munshiganj. Shibchar upazila of Madaripur district.
and Toll Gate
Settlements not as dense as Mawa side
The area gets usually inundated by flood and mostly surrounded by trees and
almost every year and is marked by the vegetation. The settlement pattern
presence of unplanned and scattered comprises of isolated clusters mostly of
settlements, roadside shops, brickfield, homesteads, growth centers (hat/bazar),
mosque, ponds and agricultural land within alongside boat ghat, water bodies (such
150m RoW of the approach road and as Rivers, khals, ditches and ponds),
railway. etc.
Agro-based economy prevails in the
Commercial activities like big fish market, project area. Most of the area is
roadside shops are the main activities occupied mainly by fertile agricultural
within the RoW of the approach roads and, lands. 3 and 2 cropped lands are
as such, only a minor portion of lands are common.
under cultivation
River Training Passes through Purbo Kumarbhog village Passes through Mazirkandi village of
Works (RTW) of Kumarbhog union and Charipara village Naodoba Union in Janjira upazila and
Bhaggykul Union Srinagar upazila of Kewrakandi (Charjanajat) Ferry Ghat in
Munshiganj district Shibchar upazila of Madaripur district.

Runs mainly through the densely Most of the area is used for agricultural
unplanned scattered settlements/ purposes and comprises of 3 and 2
homesteads. Trees and ponds are cropped lands. Few settlements/
common with each homestead. homesteads are located along the
Riverbank within 300 m of RTW. Every
homestead has various homestead

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Project Left Bank (Mawa) Right Bank (Janjira)
Components
plantations. There are several water
bodies (such as Rivers, khals and
ponds) that cross the RTW area. A
number of cultural institutes such as
school, mosque, eidgah, family
graveyard etc are located within the
300m of RTW. Two ferry ghats
(Kewrakandi and Kathalbari) and
several boat ghats are also there within
RTW area.
Construction This CY1 in Mawa side is agri-charland, CY2 in Janjira side is located at d/s of
Yard separated with the mainland by a narrow the RTWs at Painpara, Naodoba Mouza
shallow channel at Vill. Kumarbhog. in Upazila: Janjira, District: Shariatpur.
Agriculture crops such as paddy (roppa) CY2 is located at about 400m from the
and peanut are cultivated on this Mazirkandi Ferryghat-Shariatpur Road
Charland. It is a stable and floodplain char towards west. It is mainly agriculture
and not submerged during normal flood. based area and fertile. It is an unstable
Only during high floods (1988, 1998, and floodplain and not submerged during
2004 floods), this char is submerged at the normal flood. Only during high floods
water depth of about 1.5m. No (1988, 1998, and 2004 floods) this area
settlements, water bodies, and trees are is submerged at the water depth of
located on this Charland. about 1m. Almost every year, this area
is eroded by the Padma River at the rate
of about 100m. Many homesteads
(about 1000 households), water bodies
(mainly fish ponds) and homestead
trees (mainly mango, coconut, palm,
papaya, guava, cotton tree, koroi,
shegun, mehegoni as well as banana
and bamboo bushes are located within
this area.

3.1.4 Climate
23. The Project area is located in a typical monsoon climate with three main seasons, summer
(March to May), monsoon (June to October) and winter (November to February). The summer is
generally hot with occasional moderate to heavy rainfall. The Monsoon is generally humid with 80% of
annual rainfall. The winter is generally cold with less humidity. Meteorological stations (of Bangladesh
Meteorological Department, BMD) located closest to the Project areas are: Dhaka (42 km from left
bank on north-eastern side) and Madaripur (35 km from right bank on southern side). Weather data
from these two stations is collected from 2005 to 2008.

24. Temperature: Mean monthly rainfall data of Dhaka and Madaripur stations are given in
Figure 3-8 and Figure 3-9, respectively. December and January are the coldest months with average
monthly temperature of about 180C, while April to September are the hottest months with average
monthly temperatures ranging from 28 to 300C. The maximum daily temperatures recorded at Dhaka
are 38.5C and at Madaripur is 39.5C. The minimum daily temperatures recorded at Dhaka are
9.60C and at Madaripur is 9.30C.

25. Rainfall: Annual rainfall of the Dhaka varies from 1,991 to 2,885 mm, while the annual
rainfall of Madaripur varies from 1,503 to 2,061 mm during 2004 to 2008. June to October is the
rainfall season. Monthly rainfall data of Dhaka and Madaripur are given in Figure 3-10 and Figure
3-11, respectively. July is the wettest month with monthly rainfall of 331 to 753 mm at Dhaka, and 223
to 556 mm at Madaripur. December is the driest period with almost no rainfall. Maximum daily rainfall
recorded at Dhaka is 190 mm (September 2008) and in Madaripur is 150 mm (September 2006).

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 Figure 3-8: Mean monthly temperatures in Dhaka

Figure 3-9: Mean monthly temperatures in Madaripur

Figure 3-10: Monthly rainfall in Dhaka

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 Figure 3-11: Monthly rainfall in Madaripur

26. Humidity: Annual average relative humidity at Dhaka is 73%. Generally all months have
the days with a monthly maximum humidity of more than 94% in both Dhaka and Madaripur (Table
3-6). The lowest daily humidity recorded is 6% in Dhaka and 15% in Madaripur.
Table 3-6: Maximum and minimum monthly humidity at Dhaka and Madaripur
Dhaka Madaripur
Month 2005 2006 2007 2008 2005 2006 2007 2008
Max

Max

Max

Max

Max

Max

Max

Max
Min

Min

Min

Min

Min

Min

Min

Min
Jan 97 28 100 21 100 20 98 25 99 32 100 34 100 24 100 29
Feb 97 17 98 15 100 23 96 13 98 26 98 30 100 31 100 22
Mar 98 18 96 6 96 14 95 28 98 29 98 15 100 22 98 35
Apr 94 27 96 28 95 32 94 23 97 35 98 33 97 41 98 32
May 98 44 98 40 98 33 96 37 98 50 98 45 96 42 98 45
Jun 98 46 99 57 98 52 98 51 97 53 97 62 97 59 100 61
Jul 99 57 98 55 99 55 98 61 100 64 99 61 97 56 98 65
Aug 97 55 95 52 98 50 97 57 99 64 99 60 96 57 98 63
Sep 98 52 99 51 98 42 98 53 100 56 98 55 97 61 98 61
Oct 98 34 98 38 98 31 98 32 99 43 97 50 100 45 99 48
Nov 98 32 95 26 99 35 97 29 100 40 97 40 100 43 99 38
Dec 98 24 97 29 98 28 99 33 100 36 100 38 100 33 100 37
Source: Bangladesh Meteorological Department, 2009.

27. Wind: Maximum wind speed and direction recorded at Dhaka and Madaripur stations for
the years 2005-2008 are given in Table 3-7. A summary of all the data is presented as wind roses in
Figure 3-12. The wind direction at Dhaka station is generally towards south-east direction, while the
wind direction at Madaripur is towards southern direction. Maximum wind speed recorded in Dhaka is
22 knots in the eastern direction (October 2007). Maximum wind speed recorded at Madaripur Station
is 70 knots in the direction of north-east (November 2007).

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 Table 3-7: Maximum wind speed and direction at Dhaka and Madaripur stations
Dhaka Madaripur
2005 2006 2007 2008 2005 2006 2007 2008
Month

Degree

Degree

Degree

Degree

Degree

Degree

Degree

Degree
Speed,

Speed,

Speed,

Speed,

Speed,

Speed,

Speed,

Speed,
knots

knots

knots

knots

knots

knots

knots

knots
Jan 9 320 10 300 6 310 9 360 3 20 3 270 2 310 4 360
Feb 12 300 10 230 7 50 8 90 5 330 3 180 6 180 4 50
Mar 9 180 20 330 9 310 20 270 8 280 8 360 5 360 6 180
Apr 13 130 10 130 10 50 18 270 8 60 4 200 6 230 8 170
May 15 360 15 270 12 270 18 90 7 310 8 180 6 50 5 180
Jun 14 270 8 130 10 360 12 90 4 130 9 20 7 180 8 90
Jul 12 120 5 90 9 90 10 90 4 90 4 180 4 180 5 40
Aug 10 130 9 130 10 130 9 130 5 140 7 90 7 180 6 180
Sep 12 130 12 130 12 130 9 130 4 120 10 120 7 140 5 140
Oct 10 90 8 180 22 90 18 50 3 170 2 130 12 260 9 80
Nov 7 360 5 230 20 50 6 360 1 230 70 20 1 360
Dec 7 330 4 360 6 320 6 270 23 20 2 310 3 20 1 140
Source: Bangladesh Meteorological Department, 2009.

Madaripur (2005-2008)
Dhaka (2005-2008)
Source: Bangladesh Meteorological Department, 2009

Figure 3-12: Maximum Wind speed and Direction at Dhaka and Madaripur
3.1.5 Geology and Geomorphology
28. Geology of the Project area is underlain by deltaic and alluvial deposits of the Padma and
Meghna River systems. The Geology of the area comprises recent, Holocene alluvial floodplain and
primarily predominant fine sandy, silt and clay-materials. The site lies on deep Cenozic deposits
overlying Precambrian basement rock. The Precambrian rocks form the basement of all the
geological formations of the Bengal Basin and shield areas. Geological map of Project area is shown
in Figure 3-13. Geology of the Project area can be classified into four geological units, alluvial sand,

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alluvial silt, alluvial silt and clay and deltaic sand. Geological formation along the left bank is deltaic
sand. Deltaic sand is the deposits formed where stream losses velocity and drops part of its sediment.
Geological formation along the right bank is alluvial silt. The formation after 2 km of the bank along the
approach road is alluvial silt and clay. Alluvial silt is a loose material brought down by River and
deposited in its bed and flood plain. Geological formation along the Charland is deltaic sand while the
periphery of the Charland on the northern side is located in alluvial sand.

Figure 3-13: Geological features of Project area

29. Based on the geotechnical and borehole investigations, four distinct stratigraphies are
noticed in the Project area. Physical properties of each stratum and its characteristics are given in
Table 3-8.

Table 3-8: Stratigraphy of the Project area

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 Stratum Criteria Description
Unit 1a Clay + Silt ≥ 50% Clay or Silt with fine sand
Unit 1b 20% ≤ Clay + Silt < 50% Very silty fine SAND
Unit 2 Clay + Silt < 20% and Medium Sand < 10% Silty fine SAND
Unit 3 Clay + Silt < 20% and Medium Sand ≥ 10% Slightly silty fine and medium SAND

30. General Startigraphy of the Project area is:

 In the River along the bridge site is: Unit 1b from surface to -10m; Unit 2 from -10 m
to -15m; Unit 1b from -15 m to -120 m. However, Unit 3 and Unit 1a also occurred
locally in the second strata
 On the left bank, Unit 1a was found on the upper part up to depth of 10 to 15m. In the
lower part of Unit 1a, Unit 1b was found.
 On the right bank very close to River, Unit 1b was found from the ground surface
through 120 m depth. In another borehole on the right bank located near service
area, Unit 1a was found in the upper part up to a depth of 7 m followed by Unit 2.
 On the Charland, Unit 1a is found on the upper part up to a depth of 2 to 3m.
31. Seismic zoning map of the Project area (Source: Bangladesh National Building Code, 1993)
is presented in Figure 3-14. This map is prepared based on distribution of earthquake epicentres and
morphotectonic behaviour of different tectonic blocks of Bangladesh. Zone 1 represents the most
active zone, Zone 2 represents intermediate seismic activity zone, and Zone 3 represents seismically
relatively quiet zone. Location of the River Padma in the Project area is located on the boundary
between Zone 1 and Zone 2 with left bank is located in Zone 2 and right bank on Zone 1. On modified
mercalli scale the Project area is located in an earth quake zone of Scale VI. There is, however, no
evidence of major earthquakes in the Project area.

32. Geomorphologically, the Project area is changing due to the erosion and accretion
characteristics of the River Padma (See Figure 3-7). Many Charland (sand bars) are eroded and
formed due to this process. Physical characteristics of the Padma and its distributaries are changing
due to oscillation of the Riverbanks, levee breaching and formation of mid-channel bars. River depths
became shallower at places. Many of the off takes were closed due to depositions of huge sediments
at their mouths. Particularly the formation of large bar near Arial Khan River (distributaries of Padma
located at 15 km upstream side on the right bank), the main flow of this reach is diverted along the
right bank causing more erosion on the right bank. Hence, the width of the River at the Project site is
changing due to major bank erosion taking place along its right bank. Downstream of the Project site,
between Mawa and Lauhajang, the Padma is very narrow. Here, the absence of any major bar close
to the bank allows relatively free flow of the water along the channel and does not cause any flow
diversion or concentration towards the bank. Between the downstream of Lauhajang and Munshiganj
the River is wide and has many in-channel bars. This part has the distinction of including most parts of
the confluence of the Padma and Meghna Rivers. Some of the largest stable bars are located here.

3-16
 Figure 3-14: Seismic zoning map of the Project area
3.1.6 Surface Water Resources
33. Padma River is the confluence of two mighty Rivers, the Ganges and the Brahmaputra and
hence the flow in the Padma River is affected by the flow regime of both these Rivers. The
hydrological characteristics of the Padma at the Project site are given in Table 3-9.

Table 3-9: Hydrological and Hydraulic data of Padma River at Mawa Station
Parameters Value
Standard High Water Level (SHWL) 5.9 mPWD
Bankfull water level 5.5 mPWD
Standard Low Water Level (SLWL) 1.2 mPWD
Design Water Level 8.0 mPWD

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 Parameters Value
Maximum Discharge (1998 Flood) 115,711 m3/sec
Design Flood (100-Year Return Period) 148,000 m/sec
Design maximum velocity 4.6 m/s
Check-flood maximum velocity 5.1 m/s
Scour Elevations alongside bank, 100yr -47 m PWD
Scour Elevations alongside bank, 500yr -55 m PWD
Scour Elevations at guide bund ends, 100yr -55 m PWD
Scour Elevations at guide bund ends, 500yr -60 m PWD
Source: Consultant RTW Scheme Design Report, 2009

34. The width of the Padma at the Project site varies from 2 to 6 km from 1976 to 2009. The
width of the river increased from 2 km in 1968 to 5 km in 1990. The river started to shrink to a width of
4 km in 1995. From 1995 on the river has kept widening to its present width of 6km (Figure 3-15). The
average water level slope of the Padma is about 5 cm/km. Locations of tributaries of River Padma and
its channels near the Project area are shown in Figure 3-16. In addition, there is several surface water
bodies (ponds) located in the Project area. Arial Khan River and Naodoba River are the tributaries of
Padma located near the Project area. Table 3-10 shows the list of rivers in the project area. The
canals (Khal) located in the Project area are Shikderkandi Khal, the Kutubpur Khal, the Borokaopur
Khal and Padma Charland Mollahkandi Khal. Details of the ponds in the Project area are given in
Table 3-11.

Figure 3-15: Padma River width in last 160 years

Table 3-10: Rivers/khals in the project area

Span Wetted
Flow Area Discharge
River/ Khals LOC. (m) Perimeter
(m2 ) (m3 / sec)
(m)
Naodoba 18+100 190 516.7 235.31 246.90
Shikderkandi 21+985 150 480.32 246.38 212.01
Kutubpur 22+505 150 441.21 204.64 208.27
Borokeshobpur 23+260 210 523.19 290.49 219.06
Paddy field 23+730 270 801.4 352.95 391.58
Mollahkandi 25+430 30 62.85 71.14 16.37

Table 3-11: Distribution of Ponds in the Project Influence Area

District upazila Union Mouza No. of Ponds
Madaripur Shibchar Char Chandra 8
Karali 0
Bhasldi 0
Kathalbari Kathalbari 21

3-18
 District upazila Union Mouza No. of Ponds
Baghia 24
Dotara 10
Borokeshabpur 20
Kutubpur 33
Dakshin Charjanajat 15
Sare Egaroroshi 0
Kharakandi 7
Kutubpur
Bakhorerkandi 44
Daiarchar 10
CharlandRaghunathpur 6
Chhotokeshabpur 3
Panch Char 30
Panch Char Bahir Char 3
Munshiganj Lauhajang Mauchha 24
Haldia Shimulia 0
Uttar Kumarbhog 59
Ranigaon 7
Kumarbhog Wari 5
Anantasar 1
Medinimandal Jasaldia 49
Kazir Pagla 48
Uttar Medinimandal 33
Beel Kaliani 0
Kandipara 39
Mamudpatti 22
Dakshin Medinimandal 34
Mawa 9
Srinagar Mandra 1
Bhaggyakul Charipara 0
Samaspur 0
Kolapara Dakshin Paiksa 1
Dokacchhi 2
Rarikhal Hatarpara 6
Shariatpur Janjira Diara Naodoba 37
Naodoba Naodoba 60
Pashchim Naodoba 41
Purbo Naodoba Painpara 2
Source: FINN Map, 1999

35. Arial Khan River takes off from the river Padma near Chowdhury Char and carried an
average wet season flow ranging from 2,500 to 4,500 m3/sec, it is a large spill channel and flows
through the alluvial plain consisting of very fine sand silt. The river is meandering one and has recent
history of bank movement and formation of meandering loops with occasional natural cuts in those
loops. The Arial Khan River is a right bank distributary of the Padma River and it has more than one
off-take. The river has a length only 120 km. The upper reach of the river is defined from the off-take
of the confluence point with the Dhubaldia River. The middle reach has a length of about 35 km and it
starts from the Dubaldia confluence point. Downstream of the river discharges into the Bay of Bengal
through the estuaries between the Tetulai River and the Biskhali River. The River is very important
source of fresh water for agriculture and fishing in the surrounding areas. Naodoba River is the
branch of Padma River which originates from the Padma at the Naodoba village. The width of the
River is about 8 m with an average depth of 5m.
36. The Project area is located in the flood plain of the Padma River and was inundated during
1987, 1988, 1998, and 2004 floods. Flood inundated areas and average flood depth in the Project
areas are shown in Figure 3-17.

3-19
Figure 3-16: River Padma and its distributaries and canals

3-20
 Figure 3-17: Flood prone areas in the Project area
3.1.7 Groundwater Resources
37. The Project area has a huge groundwater potential and groundwater occurs both in
unconfined and confined conditions. Groundwater is widely used for drinking as well as for irrigation
purposes in the Project areas. The water level from flood plains in the shallow aquifers is almost close
to ground level, while depth to the water table from the deeper aquifers ranges from 3 to 8m. Based
on data collected from Bangladesh Water Development Board (BWDB), depth to the groundwater
levels on the left bank varies from 0.13 m to 8.23m; and on the right bank varies from 0.07 to 5.61m.
3.1.8 Bathymetry
38. A 14 km long bathymetry survey was conducted in 2008 and September 2009 to update the
bed information near the bridge. Another recent bathymetric survey was carried out at the Arial Khan

3-21
off-take for a distance of 12 km. Topographic cross sections lines were surveyed in 2009 over the
adjacent floodplains. Figure 3-18 shows a three dimensional rendering of the Padma channel based
on the 2008-2009 bathymetry. The Padma River has a deep meandering thalweg that shifts from the
left (south) bank upstream from the Arial Khan off-take, to the opposite right (north) bank downstream
from it. Although the channel width at bankfull level is about 5 km wide, it is constricted in most parts
by large bars, especially at the bridge section. Contraction scour caused by these bars during low
flows, plus meandering flow impinging against the inerodible north bank, might help explain the deep
channel located near the north bank at the proposed bridge crossing. The lowest bed elevations
reached values of El. -28.7 m PWD.

Figure 3-18: Three-dimensional rendering of the Padma River and adjacent south floodplain near the
proposed bridge location
39. Bathymetry of the Padma along the bridge site is shown in Figure 3-19 for the years 2008
and 2009. The bathymetry of River is changing due to the erosion and accretion process of the River.
Two deep channels are noticed near the left Bank and a shallow channel is located along the right
bank in 2009. The depth of deep channel near the left bank increased from -12m to -24m. A plot of
bed elevation difference between 2008 and 2009 near Mawa (Figure 3-19) shows that substantial
morphological changes can occur over a single flood season. The 2008 thalweg was partially filled in
2009 and migrated north in response to erosion. At the same time, large shallow bars present in 2008
were significantly eroded.

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 Figure 3-19: Bathymetry of the Padma in 2008 and 2009

3.2 Ecological Resources

3.2.1 State of Biodiversity
40. Traditionally biodiversity in Bangladesh has been identified and described in three levels (e.g.
genetic, species, and ecosystem), in this study we only discussed on ecosystem and species level
biodiversity of the country and the project area.
41. Bangladesh was once rich in wildlife species and is an important transition zone between
Indo-China, the Himalayas and the rest of the Indian subcontinent. The tropical moist forests were
botanically amongst the richest in the Indian subcontinent, and they also supported the greatest
diversity of mammals and a high diversity of birds. In recent times, although the endemism is low and
the species richness is relatively large for the small area of Bangladesh, the population size of most of
the species has declined drastically. Eighteen species of wildlife are now extinct from Bangladesh.
Among them are several internationally threatened species such as the three species of Asian
rhinoceros, and also the banteng, nilgai, swamp deer, pink headed duck, Bengal florican and mugger
crocodile. The project area has a wide variety of biodiversity, in which the biota encountered during
ecological survey is compared with the whole country data. Table 3-12 shows that 380 vertebrates
(approximately one quarter of the Bangladesh species) are found in the project area and that the
survival status of 53 of them, based on the IUCN Red Lists, is in a critical stage. The role of the area
for migrating birds (winter visitors) is demonstrated by the observation of 24 species.
Table 3-12: Biota of Bangladesh and in the project area
Species in Status (Bangladesh/Project Area)
Group Bangladesh/ Critically
Endangered Vulnerable Total
project area Endangered
Fishes 708 (158) 12 (6) 29 (14) 17 (9) 58 (29)
Amphibians 22 (15) 0 (0) 3 (3) 5 (4) 8 (7)
Reptiles 126 (28) 13 (0) 28 (3) 22 (3) 63 (6)
Birds 628 (157) 19 (1) 20 (1) 8 (1) 47 (3)
Mammals 113 (22) 21 (1) 15 (5) 7 (2) 43 (8)
Plants 3,454 (138) 1 (0) 106 (21) 21 (0) 106 (21)
Source: IUCN Bangladesh, 2000 and the Consultant Ecological Survey, 2009-2010.
3.2.1.1 Ecosystem diversity
42. Within a relatively small geographic boundary Bangladesh enjoys a diverse array of
ecosystems. Temperature, rainfall, physiographic variations in soil and different hydrological
conditions play vital roles in country’s diverse ecosystems. In national level, twenty five bio-ecological

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zones described by Nishat, et al. (2002) can be recognized as the major ecosystems of the country
(Figure 3-20).
3.2.1.2 Species diversity
43. Bangladesh possesses rich species diversity particularly for angiosperm and avi-fauna, out of
total 3,454 species of angiosperm, about 2,466 species under 155 families belong to dicotyledons and
about 988 species under 41 families to monocotyledons. There is no recent comprehensive study
data available hence the above figures may have been changed. Although endemism is relatively low
for the country, the studies suggested that there are at least 16 endemic species of flowering plants in
the country.

Figure 3-20: Bio-ecological zones of the country

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3.2.2 Forests and Protected Areas
44. No forest is located near the Project area. There is also no designated forest or protected
areas located near the Project area.
3.2.3 Ecological Baseline Survey
45. Bi-monthly field monitoring surveys were conducted during 21-22 July, 8-9 September, 20-21
November, 2009 and 13-15 January, 25-26 March, 2010. Species include terrestrial and aquatic birds,
reptiles, amphibians, and mammals. 169 species were identified during these surveys. A short-list of a
few sensitive species are prepared, which might be affected (by the Project activities) due to their
significance for various reasons (e.g., endangered, vulnerable, rare species, and economic
importance). These species are listed in the following sections according to their types. Detailed
monitoring results are available in Volume 4: Ecological Report. In addition, pre-project information
has been collected from the BBA 2006 study and is listed in Table 3-13.
Table 3-13: Wildlife survey data during December 2005-February 2006.
Common English Name Scientific Name No. Density %
Sighted /ha Abundance
Asian palm swift Cypsiurus balasiensis 18 0.28 2.10
Bank myna Aridotheres ginginanus 4 0.06 0.47
Baya weaver Oloceus philippinus 3 0.05 0.35
Black drongo Dicrurus macrocercus 45 0.70 5.26
Black-headed gull Larus ridibundus 8 0.13 0.93
Black headed oriole Oriolus xanthornus 22 0.34 2.57
Black kite Milvus migrans 6 0.09 0.70
Blue rock pigeon Columba livia 10 0.16 1.17
Blue throated Barbet Megalaima asiatica 5 0.08 0.58
Brahminy kite Haliastur indus 17 0.27 1.99
Bronze-winged jacana Metopidius indicus 3 0.05 0.35
Brown shrike Lanius cristatus 8 0.13 0.93
Checkered keelback snake Xenochrophis piscator 1 0.02 0.12
Common garden lizard Calotes versicolor 4 0.06 0.47
Common iora Aegithina tiphia 8 0.13 0.93
Common kingfisher Alcedo atthis 12 0.19 1.40
Common myna Acridotheres tristis 66 1.03 7.71
Common Sandpiper Actitis hypoleucos 16 0.25 1.87
Common skink Mabuya carinata 1 0.02 0.12
Common snipe Gallinago gallinago 3 0.05 0.35
Common tailorbird Orthotomus sutorius 40 0.63 4.67
Flying fox Pteropus giganteus 7 0.11 0.82
Fulvous-breasted woodpecker Dendrocopus macei 1 0.02 0.12
Green Bee-eater Merops orientalis 20 0.31 2.34
Great tit Parus major 14 0.22 1.64
Hoopoe Upupa epops 1 0.02 0.12
House crow Corvus splendens 48 0.75 5.61
House sparrow Passer domesticus 8 0.13 0.93
House swift Apus affinis 6 0.09 0.70
Indian cuckoo Cuculus micropterus 5 0.08 0.58
Indian field mouse Mus booduga 6 0.09 0.70
Indian roller Coracias benghalenis 1 0.02 0.12
Intermediate egret Mesophoyx intermedia 5 0.08 0.58
Jungle babbler Turdoides striatus 38 0.59 4.44
Jungle crow Crovus macrorhynchos 24 0.38 2.80
Jungle myna Acridotheres fuscus 12 0.19 1.40
Large Woodshrike Tephrodornis gularis 2 0.03 0.23
Lesser coucal Centropus bengalensis 2 0.03 0.23
Lesser flameback Dinopium benghalense 7 0.11 0.82

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 Common English Name Scientific Name No. Density %
Sighted /ha Abundance
Lesser whistling teal Dendrocygna javanica 7 0.11 0.82
Lineated barbet Megalaima lineata 1 0.02 0.12
Little cormorant Phalacrocorax niger 9 0.14 1.05
Little egret Egretta garzetta 24 0.38 2.80
Little grebe Tachybaptus ruficollis 3 0.05 0.35
Long tailed shrike Lanius schach 13 0.20 1.52
Oriental magpie robin Copsychus saularis 17 0.27 1.99
Paddyfield pipit Anthus rufulus 13 0.20 1.52
Pied crested kingfisher Megaceryle lugubris 3 0.05 0.35
Pied myna Sturnus contra 90 1.41 10.51
Pond heron Ardeola grayii 19 0.30 2.22
Purple sunbird Nectarina asiatica 2 0.03 0.23
Red-breasted flycatcher Ficedula parva 4 0.06 0.47
Red-vented Bulbul Pycnonotus cafer 32 0.50 3.74
Eurasian Collared Dove Streptopelia decaocto 3 0.05 0.35
Rose-ringed parakeet Psittacula krameri 4 0.06 0.47
Rufous Treepie Dendrocitta Vagabunda 8 0.13 0.93
Scaly-breasted munia Lonchura punctulata 1 0.02 0.12
Skipper frog Euphlyctis cyanophlyctis 6 0.09 0.70
Small indian mongoose Herpestes auropunctatus 3 0.05 0.35
Small minivet Pericrocotus cinnamomeus 7 0.11 0.82
Spotted dove Streptopelia chinensis 18 0.28 2.10
Spotted flapshell turtle Lissemys punctata 1 0.02 0.12
Spotted owlet Athence brnma 1 0.02 0.12
Stork billed kingfisher Halcyon capensis 2 0.03 0.23
Striated Babbler Turdoides earlei 12 0.19 1.40
Striped keelback snake Amphiesma stolata 1 0.02 0.12
Water snake Enhydris enhydris 1 0.02 0.12
White Breasted kingfisher Amaurornis phoenicurus 19 0.30 2.22
White-eye Zosterops palpebrosus 2 0.03 0.23
White wagtail Motacilla alba 23 0.36 2.69
Total 856 13.38 100.00
Source: BBA 2006, Appendix D, Report on Wildlife Study

3.2.3.1 Flora
46. Flora in the Project area (Figure 3-21) can be grouped into two categories: terrestrial flora and
aquatic flora. The terrestrial flora includes (i) Homestead/settlement vegetation (ii) Crop field
vegetation, and (iii) Charland vegetation. Aquatic flora includes (i) permanent wetland vegetation and
(ii) seasonal wetland vegetation.

Terrestrial Flora
 Homestead vegetation: Vegetation around the households consists of mostly commonly
cultivated tree species and wild shrubs and herbs. Common planted tree species are Raintree
(Albizia saman), Mango (Mangifera indica), Coconut (Cocos nucifera), Mehogani (Swietenia
mahagoni), Banana (Musa sp), Gogon Siris (Albizia richardiana), Raintree (Samanea saman),
and Betel Palm (Areca catechu). A total of 71 homestead species of 49 Families were listed
in the Project area in which 20 are fruit producing, 15 timber, 18 are fuel wood and 13 are
medicinal. Homestead flora consist both native and exotic species and some of them are
naturalized. Albizia richrdiana, Guava (Psidium guajava), Swietenia mahagoni, Dalbergia
sissoo are some of the common plant. Out of 71 species, 45 are tree, 19 are shrub and 7 are
herb.
 Cropfield vegetation: Agricultural crops are the major type of vegetation in the Project area.

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 All flood plains in the Project area are being extensively used for agriculture. A big portion of
cropfields is inundated in rainy season. Paddy is the major crop. Lower parts of the cropfields
are used for Aman cultivation and comparatively higher portion are used for Boro and Aus
crops. Local inhabitant plant Rostrate sesbania (Sesbania rostrata) is cultivated at the end of
Boro harvesting and this species is commonly found in all area. Among the weeds, Sessile
joyweed (Alternanthera sessilis), thorny Amaranth (Amaranthus spinosus), Bermuda grass
(Cynodon dactylon), Smartweed (Polygonum sp), Creeping oxalis (Oxalis corniculata) etc are
common species. Among the recorded 16 families of crop vegetation 27 species,
Amaranthaceae, Gramineae, Cotton grass (Cyperaceae), Spurge Family (Euphorbiaceae)
families’ posses the highest number of species. Herbs dominate shrubs in cropfield
vegetation.

Picture: Homestead Vegetation from Riverside Picture: Phragmites karka is a dominant successor
(Bhagyakul,6.5km U/S of BR, Mawa Side) in Charland (Lauhajang Char, 4.5km U/S of BR,
Mawa Side)

Picture: Ficus heterophylla; bears wetland Dhaincha is planted in most of the cropfielld after
characteristics in the area (Lauhajang Char, 4.5km aus harvesting (Kawrakandi, 9.5km U/S of BR,
D/S of BR, Mawa Side) Janjira Side)

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 Picture: First level succession occurs in new Picture: Grass bush in Charland
Charland (Char Janajat, 10.5km U/S of BR, Janjira) (Mazirkandi, 2.5km D/S of BR, Janjira)
Figure 3-21: Flora in the Project area
 Charland vegetation: The species diversity of the Charland is comparatively lower than other
ecosystems. Most of the plant species in the Charland are grass type. Vegetation in the
Charland exhibit a pattern of succession depending on how long the Charland has been
permanent. Rattlepod (Crotolaria retusa), Tall reed (Phragmites karka) is the first introducer
whereas Mutha (Cyperus sp), Kolmi (Ipomoea sp), Vetiver Grass (Vetiveria zizanioides)
Durba (Cynodon sp) etc are second level successor. Next in succession, some bushy plant
species like Blue Morning Glory (Ipomoea fistulosa) grows.

Aquatic Flora
47. Aquatic Ecosystem: Rivers, canals, perennial water bodies and fishponds are the
permanent wetland. Seasonal wetlands are mainly floodplains which inundates in the monsoon. Most
of the Project area supports seasonal wetlands. Wetlands govern necessary nutrients and other
elements for whole ecosystems as it is an important type.
48. Wetlands are abounded by various types of aquatic flora (Figure 3-22) such as free floating,
rooted floating, submerged, sedges and meadows and marginal plants. 42 aquatic species of 22
families are noticed in the Project area. Of them Gramineae, Hydrocharitaceae, Cotton grass
(Cyperaceae) are dominant family. Commonly noticed free floating plants are Floating Water Hyacinth
(Eichhornia crassipes), Water Lettuce (Pistia strateotes), Salvina cucullata, Aquatic fern (Azolla) and
Duckweed (Lemna). Most dominant rooted floating plants are Star lotus (Nymphaea nouchali), Water
snowflake (Nymphoides indicum), Ludwigia abscendens, Myriophyllum sp, Asian watergrass
(Hygroryza aristata) etc. Among the submerged species, Water weed (Hydrilla verticillata),
Aponogeton natans, Hydrocharis dubia, Common hornwort (Ceratophyllum desmersum), Tape grass
(Vallisneria spiralis) etc., are found. Sedges and meadows are amphibian plants and are available in
most of the perennial wetland. Marsilea and Scirpus sp are common species. The area consists of
some evergreen wetland trees forming a closed canopy in wooded areas or freshwater swamp. The
trees are 10 to 12 m high at maturity. Pitali (Trewia nudiflora), Hizal (Barringronia acutangula), Indian
Willow (Salix Tetrasperma) and Three-leaved Caper (Crataeva nurvala) are the common tree species.

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A. Kathalbari Char, 5km U/S of BR, Janjira Side B. Vill: Simultola, 3km D/S of BR Mawa Side

C. Vill: Shameshpur, 3.5km north of BR landing D. Vill: Kumarbhog, 1.2km D/S of BR, Mawa Side
side, Mawa Side
Figure 3-22: Major aquatic habitat found within the Project area. (All photos taken between 21 and 22
July 2009.)
3.2.3.2 Fauna

Habitat Condition and Status of Birds in the Project Area

49. The project area is an important bird area of Ganges-Brahmaputra-Meghna delta. These
floodplains comprise of ridges, basins and old channels and characterized by mixed vegetation. There
are seven (7) species listed in IUCN and Schedules of the Convention on International Trade in
Endangered Species of Flora and Fauna (CITES) status, and are given in Table 3-14. Among them
one is critically endangered (comb duck), one is vulnerable (brown fish owl), one is endangered (river
lapwing) and other four have listed in CITES status. The surroundings of the proposed bridge site
have a huge number of stagnant water bodies and channels, rivers and tributaries which makes the
area of rich biodiversity and ecologically important for resident as well as migratory birds. Homestead,
aquatic vegetation and reeds land have supported the wild birds feeding and roosting. Major groups of
the oriental birds are represented in this zone by many species. Many migratory birds were found
during the surveys conducted during winter 2009-2010. Figure 3-23 shows the different terrestrial and
aquatic bird habitats in the project area.

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A. Char Janajat, 11Km U/S of Bridge B. Kathalbarichar, 6km U/S of Bridge

C. Kathalbarichar, 6km U/S of Bridge D. Tarapasha, 1.5km U/S of Bridge

E. Palerchar, 2.5Km D/S of Bridge F. Lauhajang Char, 4.5 km D/S of Bridge

Figure 3-23: Terrestrial and Aquatic Bird Habitats (Photographs taken during July 2009)

Terrestrial Bird
50. During the ecological study, about 102 terrestrial bird species were observed within the
project area including seven sensitive species. Figure 3-24 shows the different type of terrestrial birds
within the project area. Three of them are listed in IUCN Red Category and all seven of them are
listed in the CITES (Table 3-14). Brown Fish Owl is listed as vulnerable, Comb Duck listed as critically
endangered, and River Lapwing as endangered species as per IUCN red list. Species listed in CITES
status are, Black-winged Kite, Brahminy Kite, Crested Serpent Eagle, Spotted Owlet etc. There are
some uncommon resident terrestrial birds including Black Breasted Weaver (Ploceus benghalensis),
an endemic bird to Bangladesh, India, Pakistan and Nepal and resident bird in the northern river
plains of the Indian subcontinent. It breeds in June to September. It is not a common resident bird of
Bangladesh and is considered as one of the Data Deficient species in the country. It exists near haors
and large rivers of Dhaka and Sylhet Division. A detailed list of these birds including IUCN, CITES,
local, and Birdlife Status are provided in Appendix B1 of Volume 4: Ecological Report.

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51. Terrestrial birds can be divided into two major groups; birds observed in floodplains and
wetland, and birds observed in dry land habitat such as homestead, open woodland, scrub grass and
reed land. Birds of prey survive well in the area. Common bird of prey species found in the project
area are Brahminy Kite (Haliastur Indus), Black-winged Kite (Elanus caeruleus), Crested Serpent
Eagle (Spilornis cheela), and Common kestrel (Falco tinnunculus).
52. Other common bird’s species in the project area are: Cattle Egret, Black Drongo, Rock
pigeon, House crow, House Sparrow, Common Myna, Large-billed crow, Little Egret, Indian Pond
Heron, Spotted Dove, Long tailed shrike, Asian Pied Starling etc.
Table 3-14: Bi-monthly survey data (sensitive terrestrial birds) in project area
IUCN CITES Number
English name Scientific name Local name status status Sighted1
Black-winged Kite Elanus caeruleus Katua Chil YES 35
Brahminy Kite Haliastur indus Shonkho Chil YES 9
Brown Fish Owl Ketupa zeylonensis Khoira Mechopecha VU YES 2
Comb Duck Sarkidiornis melanotos Nakta Hash CE YES 5
Crested Serpent Eagle Spilornis cheela Tila Nag-eegol YES 2
River Lapwing Vanellus duvaucelii Nodi Titi EN YES 7
Spotted Owlet Athene brama Khuruley Kutipecha YES 3
Legend: VU: Vulnerable, CE: Critically Endangered, EN: Endangered
Note: 1Number sighted during the months of July, September, November, 2009 and January and
March 2010.
Source: Consultant Bi-monthly Ecological Survey, 2009-2010.

A. Plain Prinia at Lauhajang Char, 5km D/S of B. Zitting Cisticola at Lauhajang, 4.5 km of
Bridge Bridge

C. Black Kite at Bhaggyakul, 6km U/S of Bridge D. Black Winged Kite at Bhaggyakul, 6.5km U/S
of Bridge

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E. Eurasian Collared Dove at Char Janajath, 11 F. Black Headed Munia at Char Janajath, 10km
Km U/S of Bridge U/S of Bridge
Figure 3-24: Terrestrial birds observed during monitoring field work 2009-2010.

Aquatic Bird
53. The hydrological cycle and the presence of perennial and seasonal wetland play a vital role
for the presence of diversified habitat for all biota particularly for fish. The riverine ecosystem's natural
fluctuations and isolation and connection with Padma River and other nearby wetlands influence the
life cycle of the aquatic or wetland related fauna in the area.
54. A total of about 9 aquatic bird (including White-breasted Water hen, White-browed Wagtail
and others wetland dependent uncommon birds) species were observed in the project area. A
detailed list of these birds including IUCN, CITES, local, and Birdlife Status are provided in Appendix
B1 of Volume 4: Ecological Report. The common bird species found in the project areas are White-
throated Fantail, White-throated Kingfisher, Yellow-billed Egret, Zitting Cisticola and winter bird
species found are Western Yellow Wagtail, White Wagtail, and Wood Sandpiper. Figure 3-25 show
the different type aquatic birds within the project area.

A. Bronzed winged Jacana at Bhaggyakul, 6.5 km B. Great Black headed Gull at Kathalbari char, 3.5km
U/S of Bridge U/S of Bridge

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C. Turn at Kathalbari Char, 4km U/S of Bridge D. Pied Kingfisher at Bhaggyakul, 6.5 km U/S of Bridge

E. Sandpiper at Charjanajat, 11.5 km U/S of F. Small Pratincole at Char Janajat, 11km U/S of
Bridge Bridge
Figure 3-25: Aquatic birds observed during monitoring field work in 2009-2010.

A. Rufous Woodpecker (Micropternus brachyurus), at B. Bird habitat in Charland at Lauhajang Char, 5km
Bhaggyakul, 6km U/S of Bridge D/S of Bridge

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C. Common Iora at nest (Aegithina tiphia) at D. Sub-adult Brahminy Kite (Haliastur Indus) at
Bhaggyakul, 5.5km U/S of Bridge Kathal bari Char, 2km U/S of Bridge

E. Uncommon resident Cotton Pygmy Goose F. White-breasted Waterhen (Amaurornis phoenicurus)

(Nettapus coromandelianus) at Bhaggyakul, 6.5km at Char Janajat, 11.5km U/S of Bridge
U/S of Bridge

G. Bronze-winged Jacana (Metopidius indicus) at H. Pied Kingfisher (Ceryle rudis) at Char Janajat, 11.5

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Char Janajat, 11km U/S of Bridge km of Bridge

I. Streaked Fantail Warbler’s nest (Cisticola juncidis) J. An endemic bird Black-breasted Weaver’s
at Kewrakandi, 9.5km U/S of Bridge nest (Ploceus benghalensis) at Kewrakandi, 9.5km
U/S of Bridge
Figure 3-26: Bird habitats, terrestrial and aquatic birds.

Migratory/Winter Birds
55. Winter/guest birds from Himalayas and far away places like Siberia move to relatively warm
swampy lands in Bangladesh including the Project area to escape the freezing cold, and feed on
snails and tiny fishes, which are abundant in the rice crops in wetland ecosystem and the swamps in
the Project area. Birds start arriving from early November and stay till March-April. An estimated
500,000 birds, about 150 species mainly ducks travel to Bangladesh each winter. The wetland
environment, some of the famous species that visit the Project site include the Grey Headed Lapwing,
Black Headed Ibis, Common Tern, Indian River Tern, Long Legged-Buzzard, Short-eared Owl, and
Comb Duck. The arrivals of the flocks provide winter entertainment for tens of thousands of residents
who travel to suburban areas to watch the birds. Bangladesh has its own 400 species of birds, the
numbers are falling rapidly as their habitat comes under attack from urban and industrial
encroachment. Table 3-15 shows the bi-monthly survey outcome of migratory/winter birds in the
project boundary. The number of birds is also decreasing as hatcheries, duck farms and other
commercial activities thrive in the wetland. Besides, organized gangs of poachers hunt birds after mid-
January when the winter chill and fog subsides. Some of the migratory birds observed during the field
monitoring are shown in Figure 3-27.
Table 3-15: Bi-monthly survey data (migratory/winter birds) in project area
Bird Local Number
English name Scientific name Local name
Type status Sighted1
Western Yellow Aquatic/
Motacilla flava Holdey Khonjon CWV 5
Wagtail Terrest
Aquatic/
White Wagtail Motacilla alba Dhola Khonjon CWV 60
Terrest
Aquatic/
Wood Sandpiper Numenius glareola Bon Batan CWV 8
Terrest
Threskiornis Kalomatha
Black Headed Ibis Terrest. UWV 3
melanocephalus Kastachora
Brown Shrike Lanius cristatus Khoira Latora Terrest. CWV 2

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 Bird Local Number
English name Scientific name Local name
Type status Sighted1
Khoiramatha
Brown-headed Gull Larus brunnicephalus Terrest. CWV 1
Gangchil
Common Black- Kalamatha
Larus ridibundus Terrest. CWV 668
headed Gull Gangchil
Common Kestrel Falco tinnunculus Pati Kestrel Terrest. CWV 1
Common Sandpiper Actitis hypoleucos Pati Batan Terrest. CWV 9
Common Tern Sterna hirundo Pati Panchil Terrest. UWV 11
Eurasian Stone Chat Zoothera torquatus Pati Shilafidda Terrest. CWV 5
Fulvous Whistling
Dendrocygna bicolor Raj Shorali Terrest. CWV 15
Duck
Great Black-headed
Larus brunnicephalus Palasi Gangchil Terrest. CWV 1
Gull
Grey Headed Lapwing Vanellus cinereus Matamatha Titi Terrest. CWV 11
Indian River Tern Sterna aurantia Nodia Panchil Terrest. UWV 8
Little Ringed Plover Charadrius dubius Choto Nothjiria Terrest. CR/CWV 19
Lombapa
Long -Legged Buzzard Buteo rufinus Terrest. RWV 6
Tishabaj
Khoira
Ruddy Shelduck Tadorna ferruginea Terrest. CWV 11
Chokachoki
Short-eared-Owl Asio flammeus Chotokan Pecha Terrest. RWV 1
Comb Duck Sarkidiornis melanotos Nakta Hash Terrest. RWV 5
Legend: Terrest.: Terrestrial, CWV: Common Winter Visitor, UWV: Uncommon Winter Visitor, RWV:
Rare Winter Visitor, CR: Common Resident
1
Note: Number sighted during the months of July, September, November, 2009 and January and
March 2010.
Source: Consultant Bi-monthly Ecological Survey, 2009-2010.

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 Figure 3-27: Migratory and Uncommon resident birds observed during field monitoring in November
2009
3.2.3.3 Mammals Reptiles, and Amphibians
56. Many important aquatic and terrestrial wildlife species live in the project area. Some of them
are unique and highly threatened species. During the EIA study, a total species of 20 amphibians, 25
reptiles and 20 mammals were recorded. Few critically endangered and threatened species were
found along with the common wildlife species during the study (Table 3-16). More detailed information
is available in Appendix B of Volume 4: Ecology Report with their breeding period. Figure 3-29 shows
the location of common wildlife habitats close to the project site.
57. The study indicates that reptilian population (number of individuals) was lower than
mammal’s population, in particular the turtle and tortoise population was found extremely lower than
others. Rapid urbanization and drastic land use change are the main factors for the destruction of
turtle and tortoise habitat and habitat niche.
58. Crustaceans are predominantly aquatic; few live in moist places on land, and few are
parasitic. The class Crustacean includes the crabs, shrimps, lobsters, barnacles, water fleas, fish lice,
hermit crabs, sow bugs, and pill-bugs. The study area supports many important freshwater crabs. Of
them Paratelphusa lamelliforns is commonly used as food.
59. Two species of Gharial (crocodiles), Bengal monitor (Varanus bengalensis) and Yellow
Monitor (Varanus flavescens) were found within the study area (Figure 3-28).
60. Ten species of snakes were found in the Project area of which 3 species are Red listed.
Checkered Keel back (Xenochropis piscator), Common Wolf Snake (Lycodon aulicus), Striped Keel
back (Amphiesma stolatum), Indian Rat Snake (Ptyas mucosus), Olive Keel back (Atretium
schistosum) are commonly observed in this area. Common Krait (Bungarus caeruleus), Spectacled
Cobra (Naja naja) and Monocled Cobra (Naja kaouthia) are occasionally seen which are recorded in
IUCN Red List. Xenochrophis piscator was the commonest snake among all the snakes recorded in
the survey. They are aquatic to semi terrestrial usually found within the water or near the water bodies
in stagnant, temporary or permanent ponds, Rivers and large puddles; rarely found in dense grasses
and low vegetation near water bodies. Enhydris enhydris also found in remarkable number because of
their diverse habitat preference like paddy fields, ponds, lakes, Rivers and marshes, around human
habitation etc.

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 Table 3-16: Threatened amphibians, mammals, and reptiles in the project area
Scientific English Name Local Name Family IUCN CITES Local Breeding Period
Name Status Appendix Status M A M A S O N D
Amphibians
Euphlyctis Green Frog Sabuj Bang Dicroglossidae EN - UR
hexadactylus
Hoplobactrac Indian Bull Frog Sona bang Dicroglossidae - II C
hus tigerinus
Microhyla Ornate Microhylid Cheena Bang Microhylidae VU - C
ornata
Nasirana Pointed-headed Pana Bang Ranidae VU - UR
alticola Frog
Sylvirana Two-striped Grass Kaad Bang Ranidae EN - UR
taipehensis Frog
Rhacophorus Large Tree Frog Baro Gecho Rhacophoridae VU - UR
maximus Bang
Reptiles
Aspideteres Ganges softshell Khalua Kasim Trionychidae EN - UR
gangeticus Turtle
Lissemys Spotted Flapshell Patapori/ Trionychidae VU II UR
punctata Turtle Shundi Kasim

Varanus Bengal Monitor Gui Shap Varanidae VU I CR

bengalensis
Varanus Yellow Monitor Sona Gui Varanidae EN I RR
flavescens
Atretium Olive Keelback Matia Shap Colubridae - III CR
schistosum
Ptyas Indian Rat Snake Daraj Shap Colubridae - II CR
mucosus
Naja naja Spectacled Cobra Khoiya Gokhra Elapidae EN II C
Shap
Naja kaouthia Monocled Cobra Gokhra Shap Elapidae VU II RR
Gavialis Gangetic Gharial Ghorial/ Baishal Crocodylidae CE I UR
gangeticus
Pangshura Brown Roofed Baro Kori Bataguridae - II UR
smithii Turtle Kasim
Pangshura Median Roofed Kaitta Bataguridae - II UR
tentoria Turtle
Hemidactylus Brooks House Tiktiki Gekkonidae VU I CR
brookii Gecko
Hemidactylus Yellow-bellied Goda Tiktiki Gekkonidae EN I CR
flaviviridis House Gecko
Amphiesma Striped Keelback Chilu Shap Colubridae EN - UR
stolatum
Enhydris Common Smooth Painna Shap Colubridae EN - CR
enhydris Water Snake
Lycodon aulicus Common Wolf Gharginni Colubridae VU - RR
Snake
Mammals
Lutra Smooth Otter Ud Biral Mustelidae EN - UR
perspicillata
Lutra lutra Common Otter Ud Biral Mustelidae CE I RR
Canis aureus Golden Jackal Pati Shial/ Shial Canidae VU III CR

Felis chaus Jungle Cat Ban Biral Felidae EN - RR

Felis viverring Fishing Cat Mecho Biral/ Felidae EN - UR
Baghailla
Hystrix indica Indian Crested Shojaru Hystricidae EN - UR
Porcupine
Platanista Gangetic Dolphin Shishu / Platanistidae EN - C
gangetica Shushuk
Viverra Large Indian Civet Bagdash Viverridae EN - UR
zibetha
Viverrcula Small Indian Civet Khatash/ Viverridae VU III UR
indica Chotobagdash

Legend: EN: Endangered, VU: Vulnerable, CE: Critically Endangered, UR: Uncommon Resident, CR: Common
Resident, RR: Rare Resident, C: Common

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 Gangetic Gharial Gangetic Dolphin

Ganges soft-shell Turtle Yellow Monitor

Figure 3-28: Aquatic species observed in the Project area.

Table 3-17: Bi-monthly survey data (sensitive mammals) in project area

IUCN CITES Local Number
English Name Scientific name Local name status status status Sighted1
Smooth Otter Lutra perspicillata Ud Biral EN - UR 3
Common Otter Lutra lutra Ud Biral CR I RR 2
Golden Jackal Canis aureus Pati Shial/Shial VU III CR 1
Jungle Cat Felis chaus Ban Biral EN - RR 2
Mecho Biral/
Fishing Cat Felis viverring Baghailla EN - UR 4
Indian Crested
Porcupine Hystrix indica Shojaru EN - UR 1
Gangetic Dolphin Platanista gangetica Shishu / Shushuk EN - C 33
Large Indian Civet Viverra zibetha Bagdash EN - UR 1
Khatash/
Small Indian Civet Viverrcula indica Chotobagdash VU III UR 1
Legend: EN: Endangered, VU: Vulnerable, CE: Critically Endangered, UR:Uncommon Resident, CR:Common
Resident, RR:Rare Resident, C:Common
Note: 1Number sighted during the months of July, September, November, 2009 and January and
March 2010.
Source: Consultant Bi-monthly Ecological Survey, 2009-2010.

Mammals
61. Among the mammals, 19 species were recorded under 12 families. Almost all large
mammals are facing habitat predicament due to various human pressure. Common mammals are
Mole Rat (Bandicota bengalensis), Bandicoot Rat (Bandicota indica), House Shrew (Suncus murinus),
Field Mouse (Mus booduga), House Mouse (Mus musculus), House Rat (Rattus rattus), Small Indian
Mongoose (Herpestes autopunctatus), Golden Jackal (Canis aureus) etc. Short-nosed Fruit Bat
(Cynopterus sphinx) and Asian Indian Pipistrelle (Pipistrellus coromandra) are other flying mammals.

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There is evidence of Indian Crested Porcupine (Hystrix indica) and Common Otter (Lutra lutra) that
have risk of extinction and are also categorized as endangered and critically endangered respectively
by IUCN (Table 3-17).

62. Gangetic Dolphin (Platanista gangetica) is one of the important endangered aquatic
mammals observed within the Project site (Figure 3-29). The population of this species is considered
to be decreasing day by day. The Ganges River dolphin is listed in CITES-Appendix I and IUCN –as
vulnerable. The species have been adversely affected by human use of the River system.
Entanglement in fishing nets is causing significant damage to the local population numbers. Due to
decreasing of River depth, excessive movement of water transport vehicles causing the segregation
of the populations and a narrowed gene pool in which dolphin can breed. Sometimes dams prevent
the River dolphin from making its local migrations and separate potentially breeding populations of
animals from one another. Young ones are born year-round in this species, but most births occur
between October and March. A significant birth peak takes place in December and January, at the
beginning of the dry season. This period is very important for their survival. Gestation lasts eight to
nine months. Some individual dolphins are still taken each year by illegal hunting for their oil and meat
that is used as a liniment.

Figure 3-29: Important wildlife habitats around the bridge site.

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Reptiles

63. During the study eight turtle species and tortoise species were observed. Among the turtle
species, Indian roofed turtle (Pangshura tectum) and Median Roofed Turtle (Pangshura tentoria) are
common whereas Brown Roofed Turtle (Pangshura smithii) is very rare. These species are commonly
found in large rivers and they are expected to exist predominantly in Padma River. The other species
found in the project area and labeled as endangered and vulnerable in IUCN Red List are Ganges
Soft-shell Turtle, Brown Roofed Turtle, Median Roofed Turtle, and Spotted Flapshell Turtle,
respectively. The turtle and tortoise use Charland and wetland sides as their breeding ground. Most
of the species breeds during December to February. Collection of eggs, hunting of adults, pollution
and landuse change that impact nesting areas are believed to be key threats causing the decline of
these populations. Table 3-18 listed sensitive reptiles observed during the bi-monthly survey in the
project boundary.
Table 3-18: Bi-monthly survey data (reptiles) in project area
English name Scientific name Local name IUCN CITES Local Number
status status status Sighted1
Ganges Soft-shell Aspideteres Goda Tiktiki EN CR 6
Turtle gangeticus
Brown Roofed Turtle Pangshura smithii Barokori Kasim VU II UR 4
Median Roofed Turtle Pangshura tentoria Kaitta VU II CR 6
Spotted Flapshell Lissemys punctata Tiktiki VU - CR 2
Turtle
Bengal Monitor Varanus bengalensis Painna Shap VU - CR 6
Yellow Monitor Varanus flavescens Gharginni Shap EN - CR 6

Gangetic Gharial Gavialis gangeticus Ghorial CE - UR 1

Brooks House Gecko Hemidactylus brookii Gui Shap VU I CR 1
Yellow-bellied House Hemidactylus Sona Gui EN I RR 3
Gecko flaviviridis
Striped Keelback Amphiesma stolatum Kal-keute Shap EN - UR 2
Common Smooth Enhydris enhydris Painna Shap EN - CR 2
Water Snake
Common Smooth Enhydris enhydris Khoiya Gokhra EN II C 2
Water Snake Shap
Olive Keelback Atretium schistosum Matia Shap - III CR 7
Spectacled Cobra Naja naja Khoiya Gokhra - II CR 1
Shap
Monocled Cobra Naja Kaouthia Gokhra Shap - II RR 2
Indian Rat Snake Ptyas mucosus Gharhinni Shap - II CR 1
Legend: EN: Endangered, VU: Vulnerable, UR: Uncommon Resident, CR:Common Resident, C:Common
Note: 1Number sighted during the months of July, September, November, 2009 and January and
March 2010.
Source: Consultant Bi-monthly Ecological Survey, 2009-2010.
64. Bengal monitor and Yellow Monitor were observed within study area. These two species are
listed as vulnerable (VU) and endangered (EN) in IUCN Red list category. Gharial was known to occur
at Padma River and lastly it was recorded in 2003 from this river.
65. Many lizards and skinks were observed during the survey. They include 4 different families.
Among the lizards Brook’s House Gecko and Yellow-bellied House Gecko were found most
frequently. Some reptiles were seen in places around or within human habitation, homestead forest
edges etc. Keeled grass skinks were observed in most of the terrestrial habitats. Generally the lizards
and skinks are terrestrial and found in various habitats including low-lying vegetation, leaf litter, grassy
areas, bushes, river banks, under logs, burrows etc.

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Amphibians
66. Common Toad (Duttaphrynus melanostictus) is the only toad found within the Project area
(Figure 3-28). Asian Brown Tree Frog (Polypedates leucomystax) is the tree dwelling frog which
belongs to the family Rhacophoridae, usually found in homestead forests, roadsides, around human
habitation etc. Green Frog (Euphlyctis hexadactylus), Pointed-headed Frog (Nasirana alticola), Two-
striped Grass Frog (Sylvirana taipehensis), Indian Tree Frog (Polypedates maculatus) etc also exists
within the Project area (Table 3-19). Ornate Microhylid (Microhyla ornata), Cricket Frog (Fejervarya
limnocharis), Skipper Frog (Euphlyctis cyanophylctis) are available in newly accreted Charland.
Table 3-19: Bi-monthly survey data (amphibians) in project area
English name Scientific name Local name IUCN CITES Local Number
status status status Sighted1
Green Frog Euphlyctis Sabuj Bang EN - UR 3
hexadactylus
Ornate Microhylid Microhyla ornata Cheena Bang VU - C 1
Pointed-headed Frog Nasirana alticola Pana Bang VU - UR 1
Two-striped Grass Sylvirana taipehensis Kaad Bang EN - UR 5
Frog
Large Tree Frog Rhacophorus maximus Baro Gecho VU - UR 2
Bang
Indian Bull Frog Hoplobactrachus Sona bang - II CR 26
tigerinus
Legend: EN: Endangered, VU: Vulnerable, UR:Uncommon Resident, C:Common
Note: 1Number sighted during the months of July, September, November, 2009 and January and
March 2010.
Source: Consultant Bi-monthly Ecological Survey, 2009-2010.
67. Frogs and toads are ecologically diverse and inhabiting both aquatic and terrestrial niches.
They are highly responsive to the change in environment. The habitat is favorable for amphibians. 13
amphibian species of 5 families were observed during field visit. Among them Dicroglossidae was
found highest in number. These frogs were usually seen in paddy field, grasslands, gardens, arable
lands, homestead forests, roadsides, drainage, ditches etc. Two species of cricket were found in
remarkable numbers during the study. The niche preferences by these frogs were dump areas such
as under refuse, thrash or vegetations, rocks, logs, burrows, leaf litter etc.
68. Green Frog, Ornate Microhylid, Pointed-headed Frog, Two-striped Grass Frog, Indian Tree
Frog etc. also exists within the site. These are rare but have evidence in bamboo grooves, Charland
or cropfields. Ornate Microhylid, Cricket Frog, Skipper Frog are available in newly accreted Charland.
According to IUCN Red List, 2 species are endangered and 3 species are vulnerable amphibians that
were found at the site, of which Green Frog and Two-striped Grass Frog are the endangered species
and Ornate Microhylid, Pointed-headed Frog, and Large Tree Frog are listed as vulnerable as per
IUCN Red List.
3.2.4 Fisheries
69. Major fishes in the Padma are carps (Rui, Catla, Mrigal, Ghania, Kalbasu, Kalia) Hilsa,
shrimp, cat fish (Rita, Boal, Pangas, Silon, Aor, Bacha) and snake head (Shol, Gazar, Taki). Hilsa is
the national flagship fish of the Country. Several fish breeding grounds exist in the River Padma
(Figure 3-30). Janjira is considered one of the important breeding grounds for carps and cat fishes
(about 10km upstream of the main bridge alignment). The location of average collection rate of fry
(new born fish) from Janjira is 500kg per year. It has already been established that the Hilsa migrates
from the sea to the estuaries and rivers mainly for breeding and feeding. Most fishes breed in the
monsoon period. Hilsa migrates through the bridge construction site during March-May (Figure 3-31).
Hilsa has two major spawning seasons, the peak in September-October with a minor-peak in January-
February. Hilsa move in the sea on the surface whereas in the river they move at a depth of 14 to 18
1
metres, though on a cool or drizzly day they may rise to within 2 metres from the surface.

1
Mojumdar, C. H. 1939; Foreshore fishing in the eastern parts of the Bay of Bengal. Sci. and Cult.,
5(4): 219

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Figure 3-30: Fish breeding grounds in the Padma River

3-43
Figure 3-31: Movement of Jatka (Hilsa juvenile) into the Padma river.

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3.2.4.1 Species of Conservation Significance
70. The withering of the river Padma and its tributaries for more than last 30 years has resulted
in extinction of several species of fishes. According to Flood Action Plan (FAP)-17, (Fisheries Studies
and Pilot Project, 1993), 260 species of fishes were found in the northwestern region of the country of
which 143 belonged to small fishes. More than 41 species of small fishes are on the verge of
vulnerability now. These include: Shankha, Fansha, and four varieties of Puti, Khayera, Pabda,
Panikoi, Bancha, Milon, Yellow Tengra, Bele, Ganges Pangas fish, Bheda fish and Bou fish. IUCN
has made a list of vulnerable species of different areas of Bangladesh. Based on the red list, 29
species of conservation significance in the Padma is provided in Table 3-20.
Table 3-20: Significant fish species and there status
Scientific name Local name Common name CE EN VU
Labio calbasu Calbaus Black Rui 
Chitala chitala Citol Humped Feather back 
Cirrhinus reba Bhangna Reba carp 
Labio bata Bata Bata Labio 
L.nandina Nandil Nandi Labeo 
L. pangusia Ghora mass Pangusia Labio 
P.sarana Sarputi Olive Barb 
P.ticto Tit puti Ticto Barb 
Raiamas bola Bol Indian trout 
Rasbora rasbora Leuzza darkina Gangetic Scissortail Rasbora 
Botia dario Beti Necktie Loach 
Mystus aor Aor Long whishkeper Cat fish 
M. seenghala Guizza Ayer Gaint river catfish 
Mystus cavasius Golsa Tengra Gangatic Mystus 
Ompok bimaculatus Kani pabda Indian Buutter Catfish 
Ompok pabda Modhu pabda Pabdah Catfish 
Ompok pabo Pabda Pabo Catfish 
Clupisoma garua Gharua Garua Bacha 
Eutropiichthys vacha Bacha Batchwa bacha 
Bagarius yarrellii Bagghair Gangetic Goonch 
Chaca chaca Cheka Indian Chaka 
Monopterus cuchia Kuicha Cuchia 
Chanda nama Nama Chanda Elonget Glass-perchlet 
Pseudambassis ranga Ranga chanda Indian Glassy fish 
Nandas nandas Meni Mud perch 
Ctenops nobilis Neftani Indian paradise fish 
Channa marulis Gajar Giant snakehead 
Macrognathus aral Tara baim One –strip spinyeel 
Mastacembalus armatus Sal baim Tire-track Spinyeel 
Note: CE= Critical Endangered, EN= Endangered, UV =Vulnerable

3.2.4.2 Fish Suitable Hydrology of the Padma

71. The project area falls under Bio-ecological zone 4b which is the only active flood plain in
South-west portion of the country. This floodplain comprises of ridge, basins and old channels. The
Padma alluvium is readily distinguished from the old Brahmaputra, Jamuna and Meghna sediments
by its high lime contents. The river channel is constantly shifting within its active flood plain. Huge
number of stagnant water bodies and river channels support a habitat of rich fisheries biodiversity.
Fisheries resources of the study area are diversified with different fresh water fish habitats due to its
complex hydrological characteristics i.e. depth, flow dynamics, silt concentration, channels and
creeks, etc. The recorded maximum velocity ranging from 4-5 m/sec, with depth varying from 20m to
21m, with an annual silt load of 492 ton/sq km. The slope flattens to 1:37,700 for a distance of 120 km
from Goalandaghat to Chandpur. The drainage network of the Padma is also very complex and

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interrelated. The Padma-Meghna, through which the combined discharge of the Ganges,
Brahmaputra and Meghna flows into the Bay of Bengal, is the major river of this part of the delta. The
Padma is 1.6 to 8.0 km wide and despite having broad meanders shows a braided character. All
these make the Padma a unique habitat for fish regeneration.
3.2.4.3 Limnology
72. In general terms, the Padma River water is alkaline with a pH above 8 and a conductivity of
160-410μs (Table 3-21). The alkaline pH reflects underlying soluble cancerous rocks in parts of the
catchment area. The conductivity, which increases along the length, is relatively high. Temperature
shows considerable variation along downstream of the river and is probably a major environmental
factor influencing the distribution and nature of fish communities. High seasonal variation in
temperature is observed in the river.
Table 3-21: Hydrological data for experimental site (Mawa) along the Padma
Site Altitude (m amsl) Water temperature (0c) pH Conductivity
Mawa 22 19.4 8.46 309.0
Source: FAO
3.2.4.4 Fish Habitat Description
73. Fish habitat of the area is classified by main river channels, canal and connected seasonal
wet lands (Table 3-22). River channels water quality is good for fish habitation. Average depth of river
is 20-21 meter, Canals 3-4 meter, and wet land 1-2 meter, respectively. Siltation rate of river varies
from 1-2 inch per year. The buffered fish habitat area around the bridge construction site is given in
Figure 3-32 of which, 87% is occupied by river channels. Wetlands and canals are playing major role
in sustaining the fish production.
Table 3-22: Fish habitat area of the buffered study area (5 km circle)
Habitat name Habitat area(in ha)
River channel 1000
Wetland 86
Canal 70

C anal
W etland 6%
7%

R iver
87%

Figure 3-32: Fish habitat classification of the study area

3.2.4.5 Fish Production

74. The river Padma is characterized by large floodplain and interaction with the estuarine zone.
The largest single component of the inland fisheries in general is Hilsa, which migrates up river from
the Bay of Bengal to spawn. In the Ganges (Padma) section of the delta in Bangladesh by far the
most dominant species of the catch is Hilsa (FAP 17 1995), which can be 45-47 percent of the catch
although this shows considerable annual variation. Of this riverine total in Bangladesh, the Padma
contributes around 4-5 percent. However, result of the fish catch assessment survey showed
significant variation in fish catch effort among different fishing gears. Gulti jal showed highest catch
per unit effort (CPUE) 3.9 kg/hr followed by Ber jal, Chandi jal, Sutar jal, Bana basail and Doair chai.

3-46
 Estimated total production from capture fish habitats of the direct impact area is 797 Mton. Beside,
another 175 Mton are coming from culture ponds. Annual total production of the area is 972 Mton.
Individual CPUE and annual production of different gears and those associated fish species are given
in Table 3-23. Catch of Chandi jal and Gulti jal contributes almost 50% to the local area fish
production followed by Chair (Fish trap), Sutar jal, Ber jal (Kazli jal) and Bana basail (Figure 3-33 and
Table 3-23).
Table 3-23: Estimated fish production (Mton) of the study area
Fisheries Name of Fishing Target Fish Species Fish catch per unit Annual fish
Category Gears/ Habitat effort (CPUE) production
(Kg/hr/gear) (Mton)
Capture Gulti jal Hilsa and Large Cat fishes (Boal, 3.9 192
Pangus, Rita, Aire, Bagair)
Ber jal (Kazli jal) Kazli and other SIS* (Baila, 1.3 68
Chingri, Poa, Bata, Pabda)
Candi jal Hilsa 3.0 191
Sutar jal Kazli and other SIS 0.4 124
Bana basail Mixed SIS 2.5 72
Doair chai Mixed SIS 0.6 150
Sub-total 797
Culture Pond Major carps, Pangus - 175
Total 972
*SIS (Small Indigenous Fish)
Source: Consultant Fish Catch Assessment Survey, 2009.

Figure 3-33: Fish catch pattern by gears

3.2.4.6 Number of Fishermen
75. More than 2,700 fishermen are found during the catch assessment survey in the both banks
of the study area. As more people become landless, fishing becomes increasingly the only option of
employment. Hence, overall catch per fishers is declining due partly to the growth in the population of
fishers.
3.2.4.7 Fishing Pattern
76. The pattern of fishing along the bridge site is found similar to the lower part of the Padma
that with a major peak in the pre-monsoon season (April-July) and a second peak in the post-
monsoon season (October-December). This largely coincides with the migratory movements of many
fish species, particularly amongst the Hilsa, catfishes and cyprinids. Catfishes and major carps are
much less prominent here. But the major carps are key indicators of the Padma river system. They
were originally a dominant group in the river and floodplain eco-system. They are amongst the most
highly regarded of the fish species with respect to commercial value and also for aquaculture. In the
first recorded survey of Gangetic fishes (Hamilton 1822), they are reported as “abounding” and “very
common” in the rivers and other water bodies of the system. During present catch assessment
survey, the carps were found in abundance.

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 Figure 3-34: Different types of fishing gears and crafts of the study chars

3.2.4.8 Fishing Gears and Crafts

77. An attempt has been taken to investigate the fishing gears available in the study area during
catch assessment survey. Detail information on the gears specification was also collected in this
respect. Table 3-24 summarized the collected gears information. Total 600-800 fishing crafts were
found during catch assessment survey. Pictorial view of the fishing crafts and gears are given in the
Figure 3-34.
Table 3-24: Fishing gears of the study area
Name of Total Mesh Length Fishing Fishermen Average Average Cost/unit
fishing no. of size (m) depth no. engaged duration/ no. of (million
gears gear (inch) (m) per gear haul (hr) haul/day BDT)
Gulti jal 50 3-4 1100- 15-22 10-12 2.5 – 3 3 20-30
1800
Ber jal 70 0.25 90-150 10-15 8-10 2-2.5 4-6 15-20
(Kazli jal)
Chandi jal 50 2.5-4 1100- 12-18 8-10 2.5 – 3 3 15-25
1800
Sutar jal 200 5-10 225-325 6-8 1-2 1-1.5 7-10 10-12
Bana 40 0.5-1 10-15 8-10 1-2 1-1.5 10 2
basail
3.2.4.9 Fish Catch Composition
78. Hilsa occupied only 15% of Padma River catch. Whereas, miscellaneous fishes comprise
the highest 69%, major carps 3%, cat fishes 9%, and shrimps-prawns 4% (Figure 3-35). Among the
principal rivers, considerable amount of major carps (Rui, Catla, Mrigal) production is coming from
Upper Padma (135 ton). Other carps (Ghania, Kalbasu, Kalia) production is the lowest in this river.
Catfish (Rita, Boal, Pangas, Silon, Aor, Bacha) production is also the highest (786 ton) in Upper
Padma. Snake head (Shol, Gazar, Taki) production is almost nil in the Padma. Live fishes (Koi,
Singhi, Magur) are only available in canals and creeks of the Padma rivers. Small shrimps are
available in almost all rivers, whereas big shrimp production is only found very low in Upper Padma
(71 ton). Hilsa production is in Lower Padma (743 ton) and Upper Padma (315 ton).

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 Figure 3-35: Fish catch composition (%) of the Padma river (DoF, 2001)

3.2.5 Insects and Butterflies

79. Bangladesh possesses a wide range of invertebrates both in its aquatic and terrestrial
habitats. Though the invertebrate fauna of the country has not yet been fully recorded. However, the
warm and humid climate of the country is favorable for lower organisms, especially the insect fauna.
The study area has no difference than the rest of the areas of the country in terms of having
diversified insect faunas.
80. Among the different orders of insects that exist in Bangladesh, the aphids (hemipteran)
group is of major economic importance both for the direct damage they cause to crops and for the
viral diseases they transmit within the study area. Many other hemipteran and homopteran insects
have been observed during the study.
81. Bees are hymenopteran insects, 18 species have so far been reported in Bangladesh, of
which 4 are honeybees. The study area also supports different types of bees, of them Apis mellifera
was the common species among hymenopterans. Many wasps and ants from hymenopterans were
also observed during study. Beetles are the insects belonging to the order Coleoptera. In terms of
number of species, Coleoptera is the largest order in the animal and plant kingdoms. The order
contains some of the largest insects, as well as some of the smallest. The different groups of beetles
are named as bark beetle, bombardier beetle, cardinal beetle, carrion beetle, chick beetle, death-
watch beetle, dermestid beetle, diving beetle, firefly, ground beetle, ladybird beetle, leaf beetle, long-
horned beetle, rove beetle, scarabaeid beetle, tenebrionid beetle, weevil, whirligig, woodworm, etc.
The scarab dung beetle frequently seen during study that was mostly of genus Onthophagous. Leaf-
eating scarabaeids are also seen in the area. The beneficial ladybirds and phytophagous ladybirds
have been found commonly. Some common genera around the crop fields of the study area are:
Micraspis, Coccinella, Harmonia, Menochilus, Cheilomenes, and Propylea etc.
82. Firefly is a small, nocturnal, luminescent, carnivorous beetle of the family Lampyridae, order
Coleoptera. In Bangladesh about 20 species have been reported including Lamprophorus tenebrous,
Lampyris marginella, Luciola chinensis, and L. ovalis. Different types of firefly were observed.. In
Bangladesh, the common indoor fly species are the house fly (Musca domestica), the lesser house fly
(Fannia canicularis), the biting housefly or stable fly (Stomoxys sp.), the blue bottles or blow flies
(Calliphora sp.), the green bottles (Lucilia sp.), and the flesh flies (Sarcophaga sp.). Outdoor flies
include the black flies, the deer flies, the horse flies, the hover flies, the daddy long legs or crane flies
and many muscoids. The sand flies (Phlebotomus sp.) are common both indoors and outdoors. The
study area is no exception of this common scenario. Few fruit flies were also observed during the
study.
83. Mosquito is the commonest blood-sucking insect belonging to the order Diptera, under the
family-Culicidae. The common genera in Bangladesh are Anopheles, Culex, and Aedes. The study

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area is no exception of it. Spiders are members of the order Araneae, class Arachnida. In Bangladesh
more than 400 species of spiders have been recorded in 134 genera, and 22 families. Most of the
Bangladesh spiders belong to Araneidae and Salticidae, followed by Thomisidae, Theridiidae,
Tetragnathidae, Clubionidae, Lycosidae and Oxyopidae. Different spider species were observed
during the study.

Pierrot Butterfly Moth

Figure 3-36: Butterflies in the project area
3.2.6 Benthos
84. In freshwater biology, benthos refers to the organisms found at the bottom of freshwater
bodies of water, such as lakes, Rivers, and streams. These are the organisms which live on, in, or
near the benthic zone. Most organisms in the benthic zone are scavengers or detritivores. Different
types of Zoobenthos and Phytobenthos exist in the aquatic part of the study area. Insect larvae
constitute the most numerous and diverse zoobenthos group. Daphnia, Cypris, Cyclops
and several copepods are important zooplankters in the freshwaters (Figure 3-37), and are the food of
many fish and other crustaceans.

Bellamya bengalensis Lymnaea acuminate Iravadia annandalei

Figure 3-37: Benthos indicator species for fresh water bodies in the Project area.
85. These freshwater invertebrates play several important roles in aquatic ecosystem of the
Padma River. They are instrumental in cleaning excess living and nonliving organic material from
River water column, a service that contributes to the overall quality of the Padma River resources.
Water quality degradation of the Padma River due to any reasons adversely impacts the health of
these aquatic communities including fish and invertebrates. So that these above listed benthic
freshwater invertebrate communities of the Padma River are valuable indicators of water quality
monitoring in future.

3.3 Environmental Quality

86. Environmental quality baseline monitoring was conducted in two rounds survey programs to
cover both dry and wet seasons. Parameters for baseline quality monitoring are chosen based on the
requirements of national air, noise and water quality standards and as well as the expert
consultations. The following parameters are measured:
 Surface Water Quality: pH, TDS, TSS, EC, Chlorine as Cl-, NH3-N2, Fe, As, DO, BOD, COD,
and oil and grease.
 Ground Water Quality: pH, Mn, Fe, As, EC, NH3-N2, Total hardness as CaCO3, Chlorine as
Cl- Total Coliforms, Fecal Coliforms

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  River-Bed Materials: Metals (As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg, Ni, Pb, Se, Mn, and Zn) and Multiresidue
Pesticide (Carbamates, Pyrthelods, Organochlorines, and Organophosphates)
 Air Quality: SOx, NOx, PM10, PM2.5, Pb, and SPM
 Noise: 4 sets of 15 min records for day and night time i.e., between 6 AM to 9 PM and 9 PM
to 6 AM.

87. The monitoring locations are presented in Figure 3-38. Environmental quality baseline
monitoring and testing was done by BUET and a private laboratory in Singapore under separate
contract. The baseline monitoring data is available in Vol. 3: Environmental Quality Baseline
Monitoring Survey Report.

Figure 3-38: Locations of Environmental Quality Monitoring Stations

3.3.1 Air Quality
88. The major sources of air pollution in the Project area are ferry traffic, vehicular traffic and

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 dust, and emissions from brick fields. The three ferry ghats located in the Project area are - Mawa at
left bank and Char Janajat and Kathalbari at right bank. Vehicles that cross the River by ferries very
often gather at both the ghats leading to traffic congestion with long idling hours and idling emissions.
Air quality measurements carried out by BUET during dry season in November 2009 (to present the
worst case scenario) in 8 locations of the Project area (4 on left bank and 4 on right bank) and the
monitoring results are given in Table 3-25. Bangladesh national standards for ambient air quality are
also presented in this table. The averaging time of the monitoring samples are different from the
averaging time of the standards. Therefore comparing the ambient concentration levels with the
national standards is not possible. The ambient concentrations are estimated using Conversion
Factors for Averaging Times of the Ontario Ministry of Environment, Canada and presented in Table
3-26. The ambient air contain enormous amount of particles which clog all samplers within couple of
hours, which make it impossible to monitor the air quality data for a longer period of time. Extremely
high concentrations of all pollutants are observed in all locations. The high concentrations of all
pollutants at Service Area 1 (SA1), ferry ghats, RS3 and Panchchar) are due to (i) traffic congestions
due to movement of diesel vehicles, (ii) presence of very old and poorly maintained vehicles, (iii) long
hours of idling adjacent to the ferry ghats for crossing the River, (iv) resuspension of dust from the
roads especially near the ferry ghats, and (v) River traffic. The higher concentration of PM2.5 in
resettlement sites can not be justified, on the contrary very low (almost nil), PM2.5 concentration in
Mawa Ferryghat and Shameshpur Village (proposed service area in Mawa side) is not also justified.
The Consultant has advised BUET to make another measurement of PM2.5 in these sites to verify the
results.
Table 3-25: Ambient air quality monitoring data of the Project area (concentrations are in g/m )
3

ID Location Averaging PM10 PM2.5 SPM SOx NOx Pb

Time (min)
AQM-1 Shameshpur Village 165 410.0 0.00 963.0 65.6 29.6 0.55
(SA1), Mawa Side
AQM-2 Ferry Ghat, Mawa Side 60 804.0 <1 2765.0 110.4 45.7 2.43
AQM-3 Jashaldia Village (RS2), 125 778.0 189.0 2671.0 43.1 49.7 1.55
Mawa Side
AQM-4 Kumarbhog Village, near 125 509.0 96.0 1365.0 77.4 78.0 1.06
RH (RS3), Mawa Side
AQJ-1 Fakirkandi Village on the 205 294.0 58.0 536.0 54.7 24.1 0.63
river bank, Janjira Side
AQJ-2 Gomostakandi Village 175 149.0 104.0 400.0 67.1 33.2 0.33
(RS4), Janjira Side
AQJ-4 Kewrakandi Ferry Ghat, 125 343.0 97.0 1694.0 66.0 93.4 0.96
Janjira Side
AQJ-5 Panchchar Fuel Station 130 226.0 184.2 1237.0 70.0 21.0 0.58
(Near NH), Janjira Side
Source: The Consultant Environmental Quality Monitoring, 2009

Table 3-26: Estimated ambient air quality concentration in the Project area (in g/m3)

ID Location PM10 PM2.5 SPM SOx NOx Pb

AQM-1 Shameshpur Village (SA1),
274.02 - 789.53 35.76 11.47 0.06
Mawa Side
AQM-2 Ferry Ghat, Mawa Side 537.34 2,267 60.19 17.71 0.25
AQM-3 Jashaldia Village (RS2),
519.97 189 2186 23.50 19.26 0.16
Mawa Side
AQM-4 Kumarbhog Village, near
340.18 78.71 912.28 42.20 30.23 0.11
RH (RS3), Mawa Side
AQJ-1 Fakirkandi Village on the
196.49 47.55 358.23 29.82 9.34 0.07
river bank, Janjira Side
AQJ-2 Gomostakandi Village
99.58 85.27 267.34 36.58 12.87 0.03
(RS4), Janjira Side

3-52
 ID Location PM10 PM2.5 SPM SOx NOx Pb
AQJ-4 Kewrakandi Ferry Ghat,
229.24 79.53 1,132.17 35.98 36.20 0.10
Janjira Side
AQJ-5 Panchchar Fuel Station
151.04 123.11 1,014.17 38.16 8.14 0.06
(Near NH), Janjira Side
National Standards 150 65 400 365 100 0.5
Averaging time 24h 24h 8h 24h Annual Annual
Source: The Consultant Estimates, 2010

89. As per instructions by the Consultant, BUET has performed another round of sampling in
February 16, 2010 in two locations to measure SPM, PM2.5, and PM10. The measured and estimated
concentrations are provided in Table 3-27. The sampling site for AQM-2 is located at Mawa Ferry
Ghat at the corner of the road leading to number 3 Ferry Ghat. Three running brick kilns were
identified within 1 km of the sampling site. Two bus stands are located on the other side of the road.
The road carries heavy traffic; idle time is high for the traffic, while they wait for ferry. There are many
restaurants located nearby; some of these restaurants use kerosene stove while others use fuelwood
for cooking. While AQM-1 is located at Dogachi Bazar area on the right hand side of Dhaka-Mawa
highway. A number of restaurants are located nearby; these restaurants use kerosene stove for
cooking. A total of 60 vehicles (including 26 buses, 16 cars, 6 tempos, 4 CNG three-wheelers, 3 pick
ups) passed the sampling site over a period of 10 minutes.
Table 3-27: Ambient air quality monitoring data of the Project area (concentrations are in g/m )
3

ID Location Averaging Measured Estimated Concentration

Time (min) Concentration
PM10 PM2.5 SPM PM10 PM2.5 SPM
AQM-1 Shameshpur Village 110 322 109 1,195 215.21 72.85 979.74
(SA1), Mawa Side
AQM-2 Ferry Ghat, Mawa 114 842 315 3,385 562.74 210.53 2,775.24
Side
National Standards 150 65 400
Averaging time 24h 24h 8h
Source: The Consultant Environmental Quality Monitoring, 2010

3.3.2 Noise Quality

90. Ferry ghats and River and road traffic are the major sources of noise in the Project area.
Vibration also occurs at ferry ghats during uploading and offloading of heavy vehicles such as trucks,
buses etc. Noise levels were measured at 10 sites in the Project area by BUET in July 2009 and
November 2009. Noise measurements at site are taken at a distance of 10m away from the edge of
the road and the sampling period of each measurement was 15 minutes. Highest noise levels of 77.3
dBA are recorded at Mawa Roundabout during the daytime and 73 dBA during the night-time at the
approach road end at Sikderkandi during July 2009. But highest noise levels of 72.7 dBA are recorded
at Mawa Ferry Ghat during the daytime and 69.3 dBA during the night-time also at Mawa Ferry ghat
during November 2009. Standard for Noise level commercial and mixed areas set by the Bangladesh
Environment Conservation Rules, 1997 is 60.0 dBA. Details of the Noise Monitoring Result are
presented in Table 3-28 and Table 3-29, respectively.

91. The results of the noise level in July 2009 measurements in some rural areas show
unusually high values than anticipated. Discussions with BUET has revealed that noise monitoring
was carried out in some cases during thunderstorms, community activities etc. not representing the
normal situations. Therefore, one more sampling campaign has been carried out to monitor the
ambient noise level. In this sampling, 4 sets of 15 min each of noise records has been monitored for
day time and night time i.e., between 6 AM to 9 PM and 9 PM to 6 AM. Over 24 hours there were 8
sets of data records of 15 min each. Data have been analyzed for L10, L50, L90 and Leq apart from
mean, median, maximum and minimum.

Table 3-28: Noise Quality in the Project Area in July 2009 (dBA).

3-53
 Mean Median Max Min Stdev L10 L90 L50 Leq
Location Time
(dBA) (dBA) (dBA) (dBA) (dBA) (dBA) (dBA) (dBA) (dBA)
Jasaldia Village 12:43 - 13:00 55.7 57.2 64.5 46.3 5.8 62.0 46.8 56.0 58.8
(AQM-3) RS2 20:50 - 21:04 51.9 51.0 56.4 49.7 2.2 55.2 49.2 50.6 52.7
Shamespur 14:40 - 14:55 71.4 70.5 (a) 61.9 6.5 62.3 79.2 69.6 75.4
81.3
(AQM-1) SA1 22:35 - 22:50 72.2 70.9 (c) 66.0 4.4 66.6 76.4 69.8 74.0
81.6
Mawa Ferry Ghat 13:45 - 14:02 72.6 74.1 81.0 63.3 5.3 64.0 78.0 72.9 75.1
(AQM - 2) 21:15 - 21:31 70.6 70.0 79.6 63.5 4.5 64.0 74.4 69.0 72.5
Mawa Roundabout 14:15 - 14:31 77.3 80.0 (a) 65.4 5.7 68.6 82.2 78.7 79.9
84.3
22:10 - 22:26 61.5 61.2 73.4 52.2 6.2 53.7 70.0 61.0 66.0
Kumarbhog 13:16 - 13:35 62.7 59.4 (a) 45.6 11.2 46.2 73.7 57.0 73.4
84.5
(RS3) 21:42 - 22:00 61.1 60.2 (b) 51.2 7.2 51.8 70.0 59.1 65.7
73.2
Jabbar Fakir 12:20 - 12:37 50.9 50.7 63.0 41.4 5.5 43.8 55.2 49.0 54.2
(AQJ-1) 22:50 - 23:06 48.3 47.2 61.2 40.5 5.7 40.1 55.3 47.0 52.3
Gomostakandi 13:25 - 13:41 55.2 52.0 73.3 45.5 8.7 46.5 70.1 51.6 64.6
(AQJ - 2) - RS2 22:05 - 22:21 51.0 49.5 70.3 41.5 7.9 41.9 67.5 48.5 61.1
Sikderkandi- 15:40 - 15:55 72.4 73.4 93(e) 53.2 10.4 54.3 83.7 72.9 82.5
(Approach Road End) 20:45 - 21:00 70.8 73.0 (e) 53.0 10.4 55.7 81.7 73.0 80.5
90.3
Kawrakandi Ferryghat 15:10 - 15:25 73.4 70.9 (d) 60.5 9.0 63.4 88.8 70.0 85.2
95.5
(AQJ - 4) 20:15 - 20:30 72.1 70.5 (d) 60.5 7.3 63.3 84.5 70.0 79.1
87.2
Bakarkandi 16:10 - 16:24 57.9 57.3 70.6 46.8 7.2 46.7 68.5 57.5 62.9
(Chairman Office) 21:12 - 21:28 53.5 51.2 70.2 42.8 8.1 47.2 67.8 50.0 62.1
National Standards Commercial 70 60
Residential 55 45
Day Night
Notes: (a) Heavy rainfall and distant thunder; (b) People gossiping loudly and cattle movement;
(c) People watching TV at high volume; (d) Ferry loading/un loading;
(e) Petrol pump entrance/exit, hydraulic horn in use
Source: The Consultant Environmental Quality Monitoring, July 2009
92. The results of the noise level in November 2009 measurements show relatively lower noise
level than July measurements. Although, in some of the locations noise level exceeded Bangladesh
standards and they are RS2, RS3, RS5, SA1, both ferry ghats, and end of approach road at N8 in
Janjira. RS2, RS3, and RS5 are all located close to the district roads and traffic is the main contributor
of noise, SA1 is located beside the Dhaka-Mawa highway, and ferry ghats are always noisy due to the
loading unloading of vehicles in the ferries.
Table 3-29: Noise Quality in the Project Area in November 2009.
Mea Med Max Min Std L10 L90 L50 Leq
Location Date Time
dBA dBA dBA dBA dBA dBA dBA dBA dBA
Jashaldia 10:19 - 10:35 60.8 62.4 72.0 43.8 8.2 46.5 70.8 60.4 66.0
Village 13/11/2009
(AQM-3) RS2 20:00 - 20:15 49.0 48.1 58.8 45.6 3.4 45.9 51.6 47.7 50.9
Shamespur 16:55 - 17:11 60.7 60.5 73.1 51.5 6.2 53.2 69.5 59.7 65.1
13/11/2009
(AQM-1) SA1 21:06 - 21:21 56.2 54.6 74.2 46.7 8.7 47.2 67.8 54.4 64.6
Mawa Ferry 15:20-15:35 72.7 74.1 81.1( 61.5 7.5 62.5 82.2 72.2 77.6
a)
Ghat
13/11/2009
(AQM - 2) 20:20-20:35 69.3 68.3 84.8( 56.0 8.6 58.1 80.0 68.2 76.5
a)

Mawa 16:25-16:40 67.4 65.7 82(a) 58.8 6.9 60.1 75.7 65.4 73.0
Roundabout 13/11/2009
20:42-20:57 66.5 65.6 74.4 60.3 4.9 60.5 73.9 65.0 69.1
Kumarbhog 17:21 -17:36 62.3 62.1 80.8 44.6 13.3 46.0 79.2 58.2 73.8
(RS3) 13/11/2009
19:30 -19:45 57.0 56.3 76.4 46.0 9.3 46.6 68.6 54.6 66.2
Jabbar Fakir 15/11/2009 16:00-16:15 44.3 42.8 60.8 41.5 4.9 46.6 68.6 54.5 66.2

3-54
 Mea Med Max Min Std L10 L90 L50 Leq
Location Date Time
dBA dBA dBA dBA dBA dBA dBA dBA dBA
Kandigram
SA2 (AQJ - 1) 17/11/2009 21:02-21:17 42.0 41.5 48.5 37.8 3.0 38.6 47.3 41.2 43.5
Gomostakandi 11:52 - 12:07 42.1 40.4 63.5 36.2 6.8 36.5 47.3 40.3 52.2
16/11/2009
(AQJ - 2) RS4 19:00 - 19:15 40.5 39.7 60.1 33.1 7.0 33.6 45.6 38.8 50.6
Sikderkandi- 11:50 - 12:05 57.0 54.4 73.2 44.6 8.9 47.5 72.5 53.8 65.7
Panchchar
17/11/2009
(Approach Road 19:37 - 19:54 54.0 51.8 72.6 43.8 7.8 46.4 63.3 51.3 63.2
End)
Kewrakandi 17:50 -18:05 68.4 68.0 77.3 60.2 5.2 61.4 75.7 67.4 71.3
Ferryghat 17:11/2009
(AQJ - 4) 20:30 -20:45 66.7 67.4 74.5 60.2 4.7 60.3 71.9 67.0 68.8
Bakhorerkandi 12:40 - 12:57 55.7 55.9 64.5 46.0 5.8 47.2 60.2 55.4 58.8
(RS5)
17/11/2009
(Chairman 19:10 - 19:25 51.8 51.8 65.2 41.0 6.1 42.5 58.9 51.3 56.2
Office)
Notes: (a) Hydraulic horn in use
Source: The Consultant Environmental Quality Monitoring, November 2009
3.3.3 Surface Water Quality
93. The surface water samples from the Padma, Naodoba River and ponds near the
resettlement sites were collected during July 7-9, 2009 for water quality analysis. The results of the
analysis are shown in Table 3-30. Drinking water quality standards of Bangladesh are also provided in
the Table. High concentrations of total coliform and fecal coliform are observed in the surface water.
The reasons for high level of coliform is mainly due to (i) carrying of liquid and solid waste including
human excreta by the rain and flood plain waters, (ii) poor sanitation facilities near the bridge landing
sites, and (ii) washing and bathing in the ponds.
Table 3-30: Surface Water Quality in the Project Area, July 2009
Padma River Streams, Canals and Ponds
BLS: BLS: Naodoba
Parameter Unit RS2 RS3 RS4 RS5 SA1 SA2 CY1 CY2
Mawa Janjira Khal
pH — 7.76 7.59 7.3 7.29 7.32 7.37 6.89 7.29 7.73 7.17 7.64
TDS mg/I 93 118 178 156 130 95 145 173 94 138 123
TSS mg/I 966 580 26 13 6 12 9 8 895 67 78
0
EC at 25 µS/cm 131 149 306 292 165 135 206 259 127 172 158
Chloride (CI-) mg/I 6 7 20 10 5 4 12 17 2 9 8
NH3-N mg/I 0.58 0.389 0.331 0.334 0.253 0.465 0.345 0.319 0.306 0.481 0.557
Fe mg/I 0.52 0.27 0.02 0.07 0.05 0.14 0.06 0.04 0.32 0.23 0.34
As mg/I 0.002 <MDL 0.005 0.004 <MDL <MDL 0.003 0.009 0.001 0.005 <MDL
DO mg/I 4.83 4.68 274 4.12 4.48 4.07 3.4 4.95 4.59 3.16 4.72
BOD5 mg/I 1 0.4 4.8 4.8 1.2 1.2 1.6 4 1.2 2 0.4
COD mg/I 6 10.7 22 26 16.8 20 31.3 38.8 5 21.3 13
TC CFU/100mI TNTC 650 1000 4000 900 880 720 2400 3100 7500 1950
FC CFU/100mI 4980 300 420 3320 500 20 40 900 2400 3850 400
Oil and Grease mg/I - <MDL - - - - - - - ‐ <MDL

Source: The Consultant Environmental Quality Monitoring, 2009

Table 3-31: Surface Water Quality in Padma River, November 2009
Mawa Side Janjira Side Surfac

At e water
At 2 km 0.5 quality
1.5 km 3.0 km 10.5 km 7 km 3.5 km Bridge 0.5
Parameter Unit 250m Bridge from km Standa
u/s of u/s of u/s of u/s of u/s of Landi d/s of
d/s of Landing River from rd
Bridge, Bridge, Bridge, Bridge Bridge ng Bridge
Bridge, Site, Bank, RB, (Irrigati
Mawa Mawa Janjira Janjira Janjira Site, Janjira
Mawa Mawa Janjira on)
Janjira

pH — 8.2 8.24 8.26 8.23 7.93 8.41 8.42 8.37 8.4 8.39 8.45 6.5-8.5

TDS mg/I 116 112 118 131 1.37 150 145 146 144 144 141 -

3-55
 Mawa Side Janjira Side Surfac

At e water
At 2 km 0.5 quality
1.5 km 3.0 km 10.5 km 7 km 3.5 km Bridge 0.5
Parameter Unit 250m Bridge from km Standa
u/s of u/s of u/s of u/s of u/s of Landi d/s of
d/s of Landing River from rd
Bridge, Bridge, Bridge, Bridge Bridge ng Bridge
Bridge, Site, Bank, RB, (Irrigati
Mawa Mawa Janjira Janjira Janjira Site, Janjira
Mawa Mawa Janjira on)
Janjira

TSS mg/I 86 179 72 50 42 5 53 9 172 98 46 -

0
EC at 25 µs/cm 184 184 183 183 220 226 230 226 224 223 227 2250

CI- mg/I 3 4 2 3 6 4 5 4 4 5 5 -

NH3-N mg/I 0.21 0.223 0.246 0.145 0.209 0.188 0.205 0.222 0.268 0.194 0.228 1.2

Fe mg/I 0.92 1.4 0.82 0.96 0.64 0.22 0.56 0.26 1.14 0.7 0.56 -

As mg/I 0.001 0.002 0.001 0.002 0.001 0.003 0.004 0.003 0.002 0.002 0.002 -

DO mg/I 4.6 4.45 4.5 4.8 4.34 4.65 4.57 4.58 4.7 4.56 4.69 ≥5

BOD5 mg/I <0.2 1.4 <0.2 <0.2 4.8 1 <0.2 0.6 <0.2 1.4 <0.2 ≤10

COD:
mg/I <0.2 2 <0.2 <0.2 13 2 <2 <2 <2 2.6 <0.2 -
Dichromate

TC CFU/100mI TNTC TNTC 350 190 120 500 80 TNTC TNTC 450 90 ≤1000

FC CFU/100mI TNTC TNTC 190 80 50 310 60 1460 1530 270 50 -

Oil & Grease mg/I 21.5 7.54 5.4 6.17 <MDL 5.14 5.2 3.4 <MDL <MDL <MDL -

Source: The Consultant Environmental Quality Monitoring, November 2009

94. Out of the 11 water quality monitoring locations in July 2009 survey, 2 of them are located
on River Padma on each bank and 9 are the ponds and channels situated inland near the
resettlement site, service area and construction yards. In order to get transects of the water quality
profile, a total of 11 samples of surface water from the Padma River have been tested during dry
period in November 2009 and found that DO concentrations at some locations have exceeded the
surface water quality standards for irrigation (Table 3-31). Some of the samples have extremely high
concentration of total Coliform which are too numerous to count (TNTC).
1.3.1 Groundwater Quality
95. Groundwater samples were collected near the Project sites from the hand tubewells during
July 7-9, 2009 for water quality analysis. Results of the analysis are given in Table 3-32. The depths
of the tube wells and National standards for drinking water quality are also given in this table.
Table 3-32: Groundwater Quality Monitoring in the Project Area, July 2009
Parameter Unit RS1 RS2 RS2- RS3 RS4 RS5 SA1 SA2 CY1 CY2 DOE
1 drinking
water
Standard
Depth m 37 43 274 84 21 13 24 9 104 213
pH — 7.13 6.84 7.06 7.16 7.03 6.91 7.29 7.1 7.11 7.02 6.5 - 8.5
Mn mg/I 0.092 0.144 0.626 0.138 0.894 1.07 0.233 0.593 0.165 0.804 0.1
Fe mg/I 7.4 6 0.9 3.2 1.98 0.38 0.04 0.26 0.4 0.13 0.3 - 1.0
As mg/I 0.174 0.131 0.002 0.468 0.034 <MDL 0.001 <MDL 0.002 <MDL 0.05
EC µS/cm 875 1397 842 714 641 814 876 487 698 772 -
NH3-N mg/I 5.66 8.48 0.351 3.95 1.164 0.662 0.051 0.531 0.222 0.562 0.5
TH (as mg/I 0 264 260 338 344 94 182 198 182 200 - 500
CaCO3)
CI- mg/I 0 120 145 7 9 20 35 10 103 23 150 - 600
TC CFU/100mI 40 20 20 0 120 26 22 94 10 38 -
FC CFU/100mI 20 5 10 0 62 0 2 48 2 18 -

3-56
 Source: The Consultant Environmental Quality Monitoring, 2009
96. Groundwater from shallow tube wells of less than 43 m in the left bank is contaminated with
arsenic. The two tubewells near resettlement sites 1 and 2 with depths of 37 and 43 m are showing
higher concentration of arsenic than national standards. Groundwater from the deep tubewells of
more than 91 m on the left bank has arsenic values less than national standards. Iron and manganese
in all the tubewells are higher than the national drinking water standards. Iron and manganese are
from the naturally occurring minerals in the subsurface strata. Ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N)
concentrations in groundwater also exceeded the national standards due to seepage of fertilizers from
the agricultural lands. The reasons for excess coliform in the groundwater are mainly due to infiltration
(through the boreholes) of liquid and solid waste including human excreta by the rain and flood plain
waters. In order to get the GW quality in dry period, a total of 10 samples of ground water from the
locations as mentioned in Table 3-32 have been tested during dry period in November 2009 and
found that Mn, Fe, NH3-N and As concentrations at some locations have exceeded the drinking water
standards of Bangladesh (Table 3-33). NH3-N concentrations in groundwater have exceeded the
national standards due to seepage of fertilizers from the agricultural lands. GW from the deep
tubewells of more than 91 m at Mawa Side has arsenic values less than national standards. Iron and
manganese in some are higher than the national drinking water standards. Iron and manganese are
from the naturally occurring minerals in the subsurface strata.
Table 3-33: Ground Water Quality Monitoring in the Project Area, November 2009
Mawa Side Janjira Side DOE
drinking
Parameter Unit
CY1 RS1 RS2b RS-2a RS3 SA1 CY2 RS5 RS4 SA2 water
Standard
pH 7.37 7.31 7.33 7.12 7.24 7.68 7.37 7.27 7.43 7.49 6.5-8.5
—

Mn mg/I 0.157 0.171 0.659 0.231 0.103 0.155 0.562 0.932 0.19 0.066 0.1

NH3-N mg/I 0.126 6 0.279 10.15 0.291 0.036 0.528 0.515 0.945 0.515 0.5

As mg/l 0.009 0.299 0.012 0.194 0.012 0.004 0.005 0.009 0.052 0.004 0.05
Cl- mg/I 96 7 150 133 26 38 16 25 8 7 150-600

TH (as 192 282 268 266 262 86 170 272 136 172 200-500
mg/I
CaC03)
Fe mg/I 0.25 6.4 0.84 4.8 1.1 0.03 0.34 0.18 20.08 0.35 0.3-1.0

TC mg/I 14 Nil Nil Nil Nil 270 Nil Nil Nil Nil 0

FC mg/I 6 Nil Nil Nil Nil 206 Nil Nil Nil Nil 0
0
EC at 25 µs/cm 700 890 882 1412 800 870 633 721 596 440 -

Source: The Consultant Environmental Quality Monitoring, 2009

3.3.4 Riverbed Sediment Quality
97. Riverbed materials (mainly sand) in a significant quantity will be required to be dredged
during construction process. Total quantities of dredged materials from the RTW preferred option is
estimated as 44 Mm3. Some of the dredged material will be used for filling of approach road, RTW,
service area, toll gate and other areas depending on the schedule of construction. Samples of
Riverbed materials were collected from various locations of the River Padma at both Mawa and
Janjira ends during July 2009 to identify the heavy metals presents in the dredge materials and
determine their concentration. Test results are given in Table 3-34. The results show no significant
level of heavy metals in the sediments except Mercury level at Mawa site.
Table 3-34: Riverbed Sediments Quality Monitoring Data, July 2009

3-57
Parameter Unit BLS-J d/s J 1km-BLS-J 2km-BLS-M 1km-u/s-M BLS-M PEC*
Lead (Pb) mg/kg 35.5 25.2 22.7 21.7 19.7 22.7 128
Cadmium (Cd) mg/kg 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.4 0.2 0.2 4.98
Chromium (Cr) mg/kg 29.8 11.2 9.5 11.4 10.5 19.2 111
Copper (Cu) mg/kg 37.7 18.1 12.4 9.6 11.3 19.1 144
Zinc (Zn) mg/kg 67.2 37.5 30.9 25.5 29 53.6 459
Manganese (Mn) mg/kg 270 152 128 129 109 201 -
Arsenic (As) mg/kg 4 2.9 0.7 0.6 0.5 2.2 33
Selenium (Se) mg/kg <0.01 0.3 0.01 0.8 0.1 0.3 -
Mercury (Hg) mg/kg 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.5 1.2 1.9 1.06
Source: The Consultant Environmental Quality Monitoring, 2009
Note: * PEC: Probable Effect Concentration, Prediction of sediment toxicity using consensus-based
freshwater sediment quality guidelines, US EPA, 2000.
98. Analyses of Riverbed sediments of Padma are important. This has implication on the safe
disposal of dredged material on land and its use as filling/construction material. The results of July
2009 monitoring of metal contents in sediments indicate no major concentration except mercury,
which is a little bit in upper end. Considering the importance of this data, another 11 samples of river
bed materials (4 samples from river bank at Mawa side, 5 samples from river bank at Janjira side and
2 samples from the mid of the river along the proposed bridge alignment) have been collected and
tested in the laboratory in Singapore (detail test results are presented in Vol. 3: Environmental Quality
Baseline Monitoring Survey Report) during December 2009 to identify heavy metals and harmful
organics especially multiresidue pesticide for Carbamates, Pyrthelods, Organochlorines, and
Organophosphates in post-monsoon. The results of December 2009 monitoring of metal and
pesticide contents in sediments are provided in Table 3-35 and indicate no harmful concentration in
any of the samples including the mercury concentration.
Table 3-35: Riverbed Sediments Quality, December 2009

Mawa Side
Janjira Side
PEC
RBM-
RBM-
10
RBM - 11
RBM - RBM- RBM- RBM- (in
RBM -01 RBM -02 RBM -03 RBM- 04 05 (in
Parameter 06 07 08 09 river
(Bridge (Bridge (1.5km (3 km u/s (10.5 river
(7km (3.5 km (BR (0.5 km along
Landing Landing u/s of of BR km u/s along
u/s of u/s of Landing d/s of the
site) site) Bridge) Alignment) of the
Bridge) Bridge) site) BR) BR
Bridge) BR
alignm
alignm
ent)
ent
Metal on Dry Basis, mg/kg
Arsenic <1 1.2 <1 <1 1.0 <1 1.4 <1 1.2 <1 <1 33
Cadmium No No detected No No No No No No No No No 4.98
detected (<0.1) detected detected detecte detected detect detecte detecte detect detect
(<0.1) (<0.1) (<0.1) d (<0.1) (<0.1) ed d (<0.1) d (<0.1) ed ed
(<0.1) (<0.1) (<0.1)
Total Chromium 6.7 11 5.6 9.9 9.5 5.1 8.4 3.6 7.0 2.2 2.2 111
Copper 9.8 18 4.4 13 16 6.4 14 3.6 10 5.5 3.9 144
Lead 3.1 5.6 3.8 4.1 7.5 3.8 6.0 1.2 4.1 1.1 1.1 128
Mercury <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 1.06
Nickel 11 16 8.1 14 12 6.4 11 6.0 9.3 3.3 3.3 48.6
Zinc 17 27 14 24 29 16 26 11 19 9.3 7.2 459
Multiresidue NDL NDL NDL NDL NDL NDL NDL NDL NDL NDL NDL -
pesticide screen
Source: The Consultant Environmental Quality Monitoring, 2009

3.4 Social and Cultural Profile

3-58
3.4.1 Population and Community Characteristics
99. The left bank of the Padma River on Mawa is located in Munshiganj district and the right
bank in Shariatpur and Madaripur districts. The total population of the three affected Project districts is
about 9 million. Permanent and stabilized Charland consist of habitations. A big Charland is located
just upstream side of the proposed bridge site and it consists of 6 unions. The area of this Charland is
about 60km2 and the population is about 200,000. More detailed information is available in SAP:
Charland Monitoring and Management Framework.
100. The Project will affect 76,211 people of whom 26,692 will require relocation from their
homestead and commercial premises, about 46,637 people will lose only agricultural land and 2,882
will be affected indirectly losing their income and livelihood due to loss of access to fishing, trade,
transportation and wage employment. Details of the Project affected households along with project
affected persons are given in Table 3-36.
Table 3-36: Affected Households and Population by Type of Loss by District and Upazila
District Affected Households (AHs) Affected Persons (APs)
Loss Housing / Physical Total Loss of Housing/ Wage Total
of Business Cultural Agri- Business Income
Agri- Structure Resources Land Structure
Land
RAP I 436 31 1 468 2,385 196 98 2,679
RAP II 6,072 1,542 27 7,641 33,214 7,874 1,007 42,095
RAP III 2,018 3,402 63 5,483 11,038 18,622 1,777 31,437
Total 8,526 4,975 91 13,592 46,637 26,692 2,882 76,211
Source: RAP I, RAPII, RAPIII 2010.
3.4.2 Socio-economic Conditions
101. Principal occupations of the affected households are mainly agriculture and business. Other
occupations are transportation, labor, industry, service etc. as illustrated in the following Table 3-37.
Business through trade/business is the major profession of the heads of the affected households at
Mawa Side (42.6% male and 2.02% female), while agriculture is the primary profession at Janjira Side
(49.34% male and 0.4% female). Service is also an important primary occupation among the project
affected HHS. Munshigonj people lead it with 66%, Shariatpur 19%, and Madaripur 15%. Another
important primary occupation is Transportation where Munshigonj occupy 50%, Madaripur 38% and
Shariatpur 12%. Annual income of the households in the project areas is given in the Table 3-38.
Highest per capita income earners of Tk. 49,116 are the Munshigonj households followed by
Shariatpur district Tk. 40,378 and the lowest Tk.37,563 is Madaripur district. Number of lowest income
earners is the highest in Shariatpur (45%) and the number of the highest income earners
(Tk.75,000+) is the highest 52% in Munshigonj district. The people in the Charland are poor and live
mainly on agriculture and fishing.
Table 3-37: Principal Occupation of the APs
Madaripur Shariatpur Munshiganj Total Grand Total
Male Female Male Female Male Female Male Female Number %
Agriculture 119 3 222 0 25 0 366 3 369 31.1
Industry 6 1 5 1 10 1 21 3 24 2.0
Construction 6 0 10 2 8 1 24 3 27 2.3
Transportation 47 0 15 0 63 0 125 0 125 10.5
Trade/Business 42 1 71 2 211 1 324 4 328 27.7
Service 24 1 30 3 108 6 162 10 172 14.5
Others 16 27 12 25 30 31 58 83 141 11.9
Total 260 33 365 33 455 40 1080 106 1186 100.0
% 21.9 2.8 30.8 2.8 38.4 3.4 91.1 8.9 100.0
Source: Consultant Report on Social Impact Assessment, April 2010
Table 3-38: Level of Per Capita Income of Affected Households by District
Level of No. of Households by District Total

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 Income Madaripur Shariatpur Munshiganj
(000 Tk.) No. % No. % No. % No. %
Up to 10 23 7.90 39 9.80 25 5.04 87 7.3
10-20 102 35.05 99 24.87 107 21.57 308 26.0
20-30 57 19.59 97 24.37 111 22.38 265 22.4
30-50 56 19.24 77 19.35 112 22.58 245 20.7
50-75 22 7.56 42 10.55 61 12.30 125 10.5
75+ 31 10.65 44 11.06 80 16.13 155 13.0
Total 291 100 398 100 496 100 1185 100
Average 37,563 40,378 49,116 43,084
income
Source: BIDS Census Survey, 2009
3.4.3 Land Acquisition
102. The Project requires acquisition and or requisition of land for the construction of the various
components of the Project. A summary of the land acquisition is presented in Table 3-39. The total
land area to be acquired for various components in the mainland is about 1,144 ha, of which 842.8 ha
(about 73.7%) is on the South bank (Shariatpur and Madaripur districts). In addition, there will be
acquisition of about 190ha Charland for the transit/access channel and maneuvering of barge and
cranes. Over half of the land to be acquired in the mainland would be for river training works along the
riverbank with limited physical displacement, followed by approach road and service area. The
requisition of land for the construction yard in Janjira will be for six years on a rental basis (78ha).
Table 3-39: Total Area of land (ha) to be acquired permanently for the Project
Project Agriculture Homestead Water bodies Others Total
Components (Garden,
Fallow &
Charland)
Mawa Side
RS 28.7 0.47 0.46 0.63 30.26
Main Bridge 0 0 0 0 0
Service Area 27.03 0 0 0 27.03
Approach Road 36.23 9.66 1.44 0.97 48.3
including Toll
Plaza and Rail
RTWs* 55.74 58.35 0.62 114.72
Construction 0 0 0 81.00 81.00
Yard (CY1)
Subtotal: 301.31
Janjira Side
RS 33.64 0.98 0.98 2.80 38.40
Main Bridge 190 190
Service Area 61.6 0 2.10 63.7
Approach Road 124.12 23.27 4.63 4.65 156.67
including Toll
Plaza and Rail
RTWs* 272.31 42.93 1.77 77 394.03
Subtotal: 842.8
Total: 1,144.11
Notes:
(1) Land for CY2=78ha at Janjira Side will be requisitioned for 6 years
(2) Area of the Janjira service area shown in RAPII 148.5ha, this includes FS acquisition also.
(3) Consultant’s Survey during May 2009‐ April 2010.
(4) *Based on feasibility estimates as LA survey for RTWs area not yet completed.

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3.4.4 Physical and Cultural Resources
103. As per the BIDS survey, many structures were identified in the project area. Table 3-40
shows a list of physical and cultural resources (PCR) and their description.

Table 3-40: Identification of PCRs

Sl. Type of No of Background description Status as
No. structure Structure PCR
1. Private 2 One is a private elementary school operated for No
school/ profit earning. The other is a residential house for
madrasa students of a Madrasa
2. Temporary 12 Residents in a cluster of settlement (part of a village) No
mosques constructed these temporary mosques for their daily
prayers. Private land is voluntarily allowed for
construction of such structure for use by the
surrounding residents. The structure is constructed
under joint contribution or sometimes by a rich
person. These structures are considered part of a
household and the land owners are known to
receive compensation as a private owner.
3. Mazar 1 Shrine of a local “fakir” – Sufi known as Gaus Yes
Mastan. Local Muslims visit the shrine (mazar).
4. Graves 2 These are graves of family members buried on No
family land. The graves or kabor are placed within
the courtyard of the households.
5. Club/Society 11 These are structures built on roadside public and No
sometime on private land, often for profits and social
status. The communities do not have open access
to these structures.
5. Jamey 2 Structures of these two mosques are constructed on Yes
Mosque community owned land (registered in the name of
the mosques). The residents of the village (or a
number of surrounding villages) are responsible for
development, operation and maintenance of the
structures and the activities there. A committee
represents the community and the access to the
mosques is open to all Muslim community beyond
the local community.
Source: BIDS Survey, 2009

104. Amongst all the structures identified, only two properties were considered as PCRs as per
the definition given in WB OP 4.11 for Cultural Property – i.e., PCRs “are defined as moveable and
immovable objects, sites, structures, groups of structures, and natural features and landscapes that
have archaeological, paleontological, historical, architectural, religious, aesthetic or other cultural
significance”, para 1). The structures identified as PCR are the Kumarbhog Jamey Mosque (Figure
3-39) and a shrine (locally called mazar).

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 Figure 3-39: Kumarbhog Jamey Mosque
105. The Kumarbhog mosque lies to the east of the main approach to the bridge in Mawa side
(Figure 3-39). This mosque stands near the Junction of Dhaka – Mawa Highway and Lauhajang-
Mawa Ferry Ghat road to the East of the so called “zero point”. It is the biggest Mosque that has fallen
in the acquired land which is of 22.87m length and 15.24m width, two storied, standing on area of
approximately 1.40 acres, and can accommodate 700 to 800 devotees on the Juma day. This is also
a registered wakf property and the land, including the graveyard is recorded in the name of the
mosque. The compensation assessed by the district commissioner for the mosque, graveyard and
tree is Taka 5,000,000.

3.5 Economic Activities

3.5.1 Agriculture
106. Agriculture is the mainstay of the economic activity of the Project influence area. About 23%
of the affected households depend on agriculture for their living. The agriculture production mainly
depends on cropping season with flood condition, cropping diversity, cropping pattern, cropping
intensity, irrigation, use of fertilizer, pesticides, soil condition etc. The soil in the Project area is very
fertile that keeps the areas with a high yield of crop productions.
107. Cropping Season: Three agro-climatic cropping seasons are prominent in the project area.
The season from April to November (includes pre-monsoon, monsoon and post monsoon periods),
cover Kharif-1 (April-June) and Kharif-2 (July-September) and first two months of the Rabi season
(October-November). December to March is a dry period and covers the rest of the Rabi season.
Since most of the agricultural lands are located in flood plains, the Kharif, especially Kharif 2, is
affected by floods. The Kharif-2 is also prone to insect attacks. The Rabi cropping season is free from
flood damage.
108. Cropping Diversity: Flood plain lands of the Project area are suitable for multiple cropping.
Cropping diversity is very high in Mawa side with varieties of crops, while it is very low in Janjira side.
109. Cropping Pattern: Paddy (Aus, Aman and Boro varieties) is the major crop in the Project
area. The other crops grown in the Project area are onion, garlic, sugarcane, pulses, chilli, groundnut
and jute. Paddy is grown in about 83.5% of the total cropping area at Mawa and 41% at Janjira.
Onion, garlic and wheat are being grown in sequence for high production in irrigated lands, while the
other crops are grown mostly in non-irrigated lands. One, two and three cropped agricultural lands
were found in the project area. Cropping pattern and annual crop production within Project area is
given in Table 3-41.
Table 3-41: Cropping Pattern and Annual Crop Production in the Project Area
SI No Crop Cropped Area Crop Production Total Crop
(ha) MT / ha Production (MT)
Mawa
1 Borro Paddy 147.20 6.30 927.36
2 Roppa Paddy 98.60 3.50 345.10
3 Potato 48.60 27.2 1321.92
Sub-Total 294.4 2,594.38

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 SI No Crop Cropped Area Crop Production Total Crop
(ha) MT / ha Production (MT)
Janjira
1 Aus 294.50 2.00 589.00
2 Aman 211.10 2.50 527.75
3 Onion 137.40 10.20 1401.48
4 Chilli 39.30 3.30 129.69
5 Maskolai (Pulses) 157.10 1.30 204.23
6 Garlic 49.10 5.00 245.50
7 Sugarcane 98.20 46.30 4546.66
8 Jute 39.30 3.50 137.55
9 Wheat 39.30 3.50 137.55
10 Mustard 39.30 3.00 117.90
11 Mosuri (Pulses) 39.30 1.90 74.67
12 Groundnut 39.30 1.90 74.67
13 Dhonicha 49.10 7.50 368.25
Sub-Total 1,232.30 8,554.90
Source: BIDS Survey, 2009-2010
3.5.2 Fisheries
110. Though only 1.68% of the affected households depend on the fishing, significant part of the
economy in the Project area is generated through fish marketing. A whole sale fish market is located
in Mawa side at Dakshin Medinimondal in Munshiganj district. About 9,000 people are directly
dependant on the fish market for their earning. In 2003-2004, the total fish produced from the Padma
basin was 7.928 tons, in which 16.5% (1,307 tons) was from the Project districts. Details on fish
catching in the Project districts are given in Table 3-42.
Table 3-42: Annual catch of Fishes (in tons) in the Project districts, 2003-2004
Districts Major Hilsa Big Shrimp Small Misc. Total
Carp Shrimp (tons)
Madaripur 7 112 - 22 310 451
Munshiganj - 41 - 1 147 189
Shariatpur - 429 2 5 231 667
Total in Project districts 7 582 2 28 688 1,307
Total Padma River 52 2,667 476 67 4,666 7,928
catch
Distribution in the 13.5% 21.8% 0.42% 41.8% 14.7% 16.5%
Project Area districts
Source: Cross reference from ADB TA 4652-BAN, 2007
3.5.3 Ferry Operations and Ferry Ghats
111. Three ferry ghats are located near the Project area, Mawa ferry ghat on Mawa side,
Kathalbari and Kewrakandi ferry ghats on the Janjira side. Ambient air and noise quality baseline
monitoring was done in both Mawa and Kewrakandi ferry ghats. Section 3.3 provided the detail of the
ambient air and noise quality levels. Both noise and air quality levels are exceeded the national
standards. Different kinds and sizes of boats, launches and ferries are active in transporting people,
goods, buses and trucks to both sides. The number of ferries, launches, speedboats and mechanized
boats are about 11, 50, 220 and 1,100, respectively. About 20,000 people are directly or indirectly
dependent on the different economic activities in and around the ferry ghats. The number of daily trips
by water transport at Mawa and Kewrakandi ghats is given in Table 3-43. Bangladesh Inland Water
Transport Corporation (IWTC) dredges navigation channel after every monsoon to keep the ferry
channel operational. After the construction of the bridge the ferry operation is expected to be stopped.

Table 3-43: Number of daily trips by water transport

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 Mode Terminal Departure Arrival
1. Ferry Mawa 32
Kewrakandi 33
2. Launch Mawa 69 64
Kewrakandi 27 37
3. Speedboat Mawa 187 234
Kewrakandi 172 143
Source: The Consultant’s Traffic survey 2009.
112. There are ongoing dredging activities to keep the channel operational in Janjira side close to
Kewrakandi ferry ghat by the IWTC. Water from Padma River and riverbed sediment samples were
collected from these locations and tested. The water and sediment quality data are presented in
Section 3.3. There are no major concerns with the water and sediment quality.
3.5.4 Health and Safety
113. All three project affected districts have each one district hospital. Each district has several
upazilas and all Project affected upazilas (Lauhajang, Janjira and Shibchar) have upazila Health
Complex (UHC), with a capacity of 50 to 100 beds. Each upazila consists of several unions and each
union has a Union Health and Family Center and a Rural Health Sub-Center. Further NGOs also
arrange temporary health care facilities in these areas. The most common afflictions in the Project
areas are diarrhoea, anaemia, dengue, skin diseases, deficiency diseases, eye diseases, ear
diseases, and water borne diseases due to malnutrition and lack of hygiene and poor living conditions
as reported in the Public Health Action Plan (PHAP) of PMBP, December 2009.
114. Road and traffic accidents in Bangladesh are normally high compared to other countries in
Asia. BRTA statistics for the year 2008 in Dhaka division indicate that the number of fatalities,
grievous, and simple injuries are 787, 202, and 47, respectively. For the same year in Dhaka
division fatal accidents and fatal + injury accidents per 10,000 population are 0.189 and 0.249,
respectively. Traffic accidents in the project influence districts are provided in Table 3-44. Besides,
there are accidents caused by the ferry operations, water transport (speed boats, country boat, launch
etc.) in the project area.
Table 3-44: Recorded Casualty Accidents by Project District
2
Number of Accidents Population Accident Rates
Project Severity ('000,000) (no. per 10,000 pop'n)
District Simple Total Simple
Fatal Grievous Grievous
Injury Injury
Munshiganj 7 5 0 12 1.618 0.043 0.074
Madaripur 30 14 2 46 1.422 0.211 0.323
Shariatpur 13 1 1 15 1.323 0.098 0.113
Source: BRTA Annual Report, 2008.
Notes: 1. This is the recorded number of accidents involving casualties (fatal and injury). Accidents causing
only damage of property are not included in the report.
2. Year 2008 populations are derived from statistics published in the Population Census 2001
Preliminary Report.
115. Padma Bridge will attract significant number of traffic on the bridge including in the approach
road. Higher traffic causes higher rate of incidences. A significant part of the population, in particular
at the approach road in Janjira side, is not used to heavy traffic and will have to learn adjusting to new
conditions. Dust producing traffic impairs visibility for the drivers as well as for people and animals
during construction.
3.5.5 Tourism
116. Conventional tourism, in the truest sense of the term, is yet to take its root in both the Mawa
and Janjira sites of the project area. Rudimentarily, such facilities are in existence, in one way or
another, in both the sites through operators of engined country boats and speed boats offering stray
visitors short journeys along the main River.

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117. However, during the operation stages of the bridge, conventional tourism has a significantly
high potential of taking its root in the area, especially, in the Charland as ecotourism sites, migratory
bird waters (winter birds) and also in some convenient and suitable locations in both the sites of the
Project area. An addition, the Project is planning to develop tourist infrastructures in the service areas.
3.5.6 Access to Health Services
118. Health facilities in the Project area are not sufficient. There are 1 doctor for each 8,684
people and 1 bed for 13 thousand people in all health facilities in Munshiganj district. The proportion
of doctors in Madaripur and Shariatpur districts was 1:13,198 and 1:13,176, respectively. That of
hospital beds (hospitals, clinics, family welfare centers (FWCs), maternity centers, primary healthcare
together) the proportion is 1:10,823 for both Shariatpur and 1:11,463 for Madaripur districts (Table
3-45). Additional information is available in SAP: Public Health Action Plan.
Table 3-45: Medical support facilities in Project districts
Sl. Health facilities Munshiganj Madaripur Shariatpur
No. Nos. of No. of Beds Nos. of No. of Nos. of No. of
Doctors Doctors Beds Doctors Beds
1 District Hospitals 149 100 82 100 87 100
2 Upazila Health 90 50 132 50 100 31
Complex (Lauhajang) (Shibchar) (Janjira)
3 Union Subcenter 10 - 9 - 7 -
Source: Consultant’s Public Health Action Plan, 2009

119. Health services in the Project corridor of impact as evident from the study villages are poor.
Most people go to quacks and medicine shops for minor medical treatment. Qualified doctors are
available at a distance of 4 km and 10 km and hospital facilities at a distance of 6 km and 30 km in
Mawa side and Janjira side, respectively. Economically sound people go to Dhaka for better health
care. But the poorer ones are dependent on quacks, kabiraj and pharmacies only.
3.5.7 Access to Education
120. The population of schooling age (5-24 years) totals 1.61 million in Project districts. There are
1,852 mainstream educational institutions, 2 teachers' training institutions, 311 mass education
centers and 3,438 Arabic schools and colleges (madrasas). Good educational institutions are located
in district and upazila headquarters enabling good access to the urban population. The rural students
need to travel long distance either on foot or on motorized/non-motorized vehicles. Number of
teachers in the rural institutions is also limited and in some cases inadequate. Student attendance is
not regular and sometimes teachers absent in the rural schools. Population of schooling age in
Project districts is given in Table 3-46.

Table 3-46: Population of school attendance by age in Project districts

Munshiganj Madaripur Shariatpur
Age Not Not Not
group Attending Attending Attending Attending Attending Attending
5-9 95,200 70,300 85,693 83,287 77,938 97,401
10-14 123,689 56,173 106,229 52,018 94,885 57,663
15-24 62,542 194,928 55,792 132,815 41,882 124,725
Total 281,431 321,401 247,714 268,120 214,705 279,789
Source: Population Census 2001, BBS
121. Number of institutes, teachers and students in the Project area are listed in Table 3-47.
Shibchar upazila has the highest number of educational institutes, followed by Lauhajang, then
Janjira. Number of madrasa are almost double in Janjira UZ, Shariatpur District and triple in
Shibchar UZ, Madaripur District compared to Lauhajang UZ, Munshiganj District. There is high focus
on religious education in Madaripur and Shariatpur districts mostly attracting students from very poor
families of the districts. This implies the poor economic condition of the households of these two
districts.

Table 3-47: Number educational institutes, teachers and students in the Project area.

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Type of Lauhajang UZ Shibchar UZ Janjira UZ
Institutes Institutes Teachers Students Institutes Teachers Students Institutes Teachers Students
Primary 66 639 6,600 118 708 11,800 56 633 5,600
School
Junior High 0 0 0 8 70 1,793 2 26 884
School
Secondary 12 344 8,524 31 548 1,5390 15 239 9,118
High
School
College 2 41 423 4 154 1,837 3 404 855

Islamic 6 105 1,977 18 398 3,628 10 188 3,628

Madrasa
Total 86 1129 17,524 179 1878 34,448 86 1490 20,085

Source: www.banbeis.gov.bd, Bangladesh Bureau of Educational Information and Statistics

(BANBEIS), 2009.

122. A sample survey of 390 households in the Project districts indicated that about 10 percent
male and 7 percent female population of schooling age never attended school as of June 2006.
Again, 32 percent male and 20 percent female population of schooling age drop out within secondary
level of school on various grounds, where poverty was the main factor (Table 3-48 illustrates these
facts).

123. The village consultation meetings during ADB TA 4652-BAN during 2006 reveal that literacy
rate in the sample villages in Mawa side was 67.5 percent (70% among male and 65% among female)
which included 30 percent of the population who could only sign. The study villages had primary
schools; students from these villages had access to high school education which was at a distance of
7 km with easy transport facility. It was found that drop-out from primary education was rare but from
high school it was almost 30 percent among poorer section of the students. All the dropped-out boys
enter into income-earning activities, such as hawking, working in restaurants, tea stalls, grocery shops
etc. in (ferry terminals) or outside the area. Drop-out among girls was, however, least, because they
were given cash incentives by government and NGOs in the name of scholarships, etc. Besides, there
was awareness amongst parents on education as it ultimately gives higher status and help enter into
economic activity as well as bear weightage in marriage.
Table 3-48: Access to education by gender
Age Never attended school Dropped off within secondary level
Group
Male Female Male Female
Number % of Number % of Number % of Number % of
age age age age
6-12 24 10.5 12 6.7 25 10.9 8 4.4
12-
19 9.5 19 14.2 105 52.5 51 38.1
18
18-25 15 9.7 9 7.1 60 39.0 30 23.6
Total 58 9.9 40 6.9 190 32.6 89 20.2
Source: ADB TA 4652-BAN
124. Consultation meetings at Janjira side show that literacy level in the sample villages is about
64 percent (68% among male and 60% among female) including 40% people who can only sign. The
villages have government and non-government primary schools and a high school at a distance of 3
km. College education is available within 10 km of the area, but means of transport is very costly and

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exhaustive.
3.5.8 Water Supply and Sanitation
125. Most people in the Project area use ground water for drinking (about 90%) and rest 10
percent of the people use surface water from river and pond for drinking purpose. However, the
consultation in both sides of the River depicts that sources of draft water include tube-wells, ponds,
canals and small ditches. It is reported that shallow aquifer at Mawa side usually is arsenic
contaminated but deep aquifer is not arsenic contaminated. At Janjira side, both aquifers are arsenic
free. Numbers of tubewells affected by the project’s components are presented in Table 3-49.

Table 3-49: Number of affected Tubewells within the ROW of the Project
Project Components No. of DTW No. of STW No. of HTW
RS2: Jashaldia (Mawa) 0 0 0
RS3: Kumarbhog (Mawa) 0 0 2
RS4: Pashchim Naodoba (Janjira ) 0 1 3
RS4: Bakhorerkandi (Janjira ) 0 2 0
Service area (SA1, Mawa ) 0 0 0
Service area (SA2, Janjira ) 1 1 14
Approach Road (Mawa ) 0 0 22
Approach Road (Janjira ) 0 0 33
Toll Plaza (Janjira ) 0 0 1
Total 1 4 75
Note: DTW: Deep Tubewell, STW: Shallow Tubewell, HTW: Hand Tubewell

126. Sanitary latrines affected by project components are 493 (89%) and hanging toilets (Kutcha)
are 62 (11%). In recent years, people in the Janjira side are using more sanitary latrines than hanging
toilets compared to few years back (Table 3-50).

Table 3-50: Number of affected toilets within the ROW of the Project
Project Component Number of Latrine
Kutcha Slab Pucca Total
RS2: Jashaldia (Mawa) 0 1 0 1
RS3: Kumarbhog (Mawa) 2 8 0 10
RS4: Bakhorerkandi (Janjira) 1 0 1 2
RS5: Pashchim Naodoba (Janjira) 0 7 0 7
Service area (SA1, Mawa) 0 2 0 2
Service area (SA2, Janjira) 3 89 0 92
Approach Road (Mawa) 22 107 45 174
Approach Road (Janjira) 33 214 16 263
Toll Plaza (Janjira) 1 3 0 4
Total 62 431 62 555
Source: BIDS Survey, 2009
3.5.9 Roads and Communication
127. Road Maintenance and Management System of Roads and Highways Department maintains
district wise database of national and regional highways and district roads. Among them, Madaripur
has the highest length of national road (47km) followed by Munshiganj (33km). There is no national
highway in Shariatpur district. There are 3 regional highways in Munshiganj with a total length of
100km, 1 in Madaripur with a length of 16km and 2 in Shariatpur with total length of 47km,
respectively. Communication networks in the project districts are given in Table 3-51. The Project
districts have no railway line.

Table 3-51: Communication network in Project districts

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 Sl. Means of Munshiganj Madaripur Shariatpur
No. communication Nos. Length Nos. Length Nos. Length
(km) (km) (km)
1 National 1 33 1 47 0 0
Highway
2 Regional 3 100 1 16 2 47
Highway
3 District road 11 183 3 80 6 87
4 Upazila Road
Paved 228 565 207 536 236 604
Kutcha road 812 1544 540 1,694 531 1529
Source: RMMS, RHD 2009 and LGED, 2009
128. People can reach the capital city in an hour or less by bus from Mawa side in Lauhajang
upazila. The earthen roads are also adequate to ply rickshaws and rickshaw-vans. Truck and other
motorized vehicles are available in the area.
129. To attend work places, about 82 percent of the people travel on foot in Mawa side and 49
percent in the Janjira side. People in Janjira side still use ox-carts and about 1 percent of the people
go to work places on carts. However, a good number of people in both areas use rickshaw/van or
buses. About 11 percent people in Mawa side use rickshaw/van and 5 percent use bus. In Janjira
side, about 18 percent use rickshaw/van, about 8 percent use buses and another 9 percent use auto-
tempos. About 14 percent of the population in Janjira side use boat, trawler or launches as their
means of transport to work places (Table 3-52).
Table 3-52: Mode of transport to work place

Mawa side Janjira side Total

Mode of travel Number % Number % Number %
On foot 61 82.4 164 49.3 225 55.3
Cart 0 4 1.2 4 1.0
Rickshaw/ Van 8 10.8 60 18.0 68 16.7
Bus 4 5.4 28 8.4 32 7.9
Boat 1 1.4 16 4.8 17 4.1
Launch/
0 32 9.6 32 7.9
Trawler
Tempo 0 29 8.7 29 7.1
Total 74 100 333 100 407 100
Source: ADB TA 4652-BAN, 2007
130. During recent years people can reach the motorized roads without much effort than it was in
earlier days. Bus-truck and other motorized vehicles are available there. River transport are also
much used by people, but they take longer travel time - about 1-2 hours or more to cross the 6 km
wide Padma River. This make their journey to the capital city in about 2-3 hours which could be
possible in an hour and a few minutes if the River was not there or there was a bridge on the River.
Table 3-53: Use of cell phone by villagers

Mode of travel Mawa side Janjira side Total

Number % Number % Number %
Use own cell phone 29 24.2 40 14.8 69 17.7
Use from call
77 64.2 203 75.2 280 71.8
centers
Never use cell
14 11.6 27 10.0 41 10.5
phone

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 Mode of travel Mawa side Janjira side Total
Number % Number % Number %
Total 120 100 270 100.0 390 100.0
Source: ADB TA 4652-BAN, 2007
131. In the Mawa side, there are enough post and telecommunication facilities in the area. Post
and telegraph offices, and telephone service shops are easily available. Besides, a large number of
people use cellular phones. But there are almost no post and telecommunication facilities in the
Janjira side. Post and telegraph offices, and telephone service shops are at distances of about 3 km
and 10 km, respectively. A considerable number of people, now-a-days, use cellular phones.

132. The socioeconomic survey during ADB TA 4652-BAN in 2006 in the sample villages shows
that only 12 percent people in Mawa side and 10 percent in Janjira side never use cellular phone.
About 72 percent people use cell phone from commercial call centers and about 18 percent people
have their own cell phones (Table 3-53).
3.5.10 Access to Energy
133. Fuel for cooking is a major energy consumption of the rural people in Bangladesh. Fuel for
cooking, in the Project villages and semi-urban areas, ranges from natural gas, electricity (few cases),
fire wood, dried cow-dung, crop residues, leaves and branches of trees, etc. Some solvent families
use gas cylinder in their kitchen. But majority of the locals use cow-dung, jute stalks, dry leaves and
branches of trees as fuel for cooking. Compared to the Janjira side, people in Mawa side buy fuel
(88.4%). Only 11.6 percent of the households can manage fuel from free sources either through their
own sources or through collection. The status is reverse in Janjira side where 82.2 percent of the
households get it from own sources or collect from nature and 17.8 % purchase the fuel (Table 3-54).

Table 3-54: Consumption of fuel for cooking in Project area

Mawa Side Janjira Side
Do not incur
Incur cost Do not incur cost 2 Incur cost cost
1
Source Number % Number % Number % Number %
Own 2 14.3 237 93.3
Collected 12 85.7 17 6.7
Purchased 107 98.17 - 55 100
Total 107 100 14 100 55 100 254 100
Percent (%) 88.4 11.6 17.8 82.2 80
Source: ADB TA 4652-BAN, 2007
Note:
1
Some households reported multiple sources of fuel.
2
Fuel at no cost means it is available from own sources or people collect from open/free sources like branches
and leaves of trees, crops residues at field, cow dung, etc. In rural areas, still people get it from open sources
where people do not restrict the poor fuel gatherers.)

134. Electricity is available and generally used for lighting and running electrical appliances. In
the Mawa side 73 percent of the households use electricity in their residences. No households were
reported to use electricity for irrigation purpose and only 3 percent use electricity commercially. In
Janjira side, only 23 percent households use electricity in their residences, about 10 percent families
cannot afford to use electricity while 67 percent have no supply at all. Only 2 percent family use
electricity for irrigation purpose and another 3 percent use in commercial areas (Table 3-55).

Table 3-55: Use of electricity by people of sample villages

Use of electricity and purpose Mawa Side Janjira Side Total

3-69
 Number % Number % Number %
Use electricity at Yes 88 73.3 63 23.3 151 38.7
residence No
20 16.7 26 9.6 46 11.8
No supply 12 10.0 181 67.0 193 49.5
Use electricity for Yes - - 5 1.9 5 1.3
irrigation No
110 91.7 86 31.9 196 50.3
No supply 10 8.3 179 66.3 189 48.5
Use electricity for Yes 4 3.3 8 3.0 12 3.1
commercial No
106 88.3 82 30.4 188 48.2
purpose
No supply 10 8.3 180 66.7 190 48.7
Source: ADB TA 4652-BAN, 2007

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 CHAPTER 4:

SCOPING
AND PRIORITIZATION
OF IMPACTS/RISKS
Table of Contents
4 Scoping and prioritization of impacts/risks 4-1
4.1 Scoping Framework 4-1
4.1.1 Methodology 4-1
4.1.2 Project Boundaries 4-2
4.2 Identification of Environmental Impacts 4-4
4.3 Prioritization of Environmental Impacts 4-4
4.4 Induced Environmental Impacts at Regional Level 4-12

Annexure
Annex 4.1: Interaction matrix showing project activities and environmental components
Annex 4.2: Impact Assessment Matrix
Annex 4.3: Scoring of Environmental Impacts

List of Tables
Table 4-1: Description of Prioritized Environmental Impacts 4-6
Table 4-2: Assessment of Induced Impacts 4-12

List of Figures
Figure 4-1: Environmental Scoping Framework for the Project 4-1
Figure 4-2: Project direct and indirect boundaries. 4-3
Figure 4-3: Prioritization Procedure for assessing key environmental Impacts 4-4
Figure 4-4: Network diagram for impact assessment of induced development 4-13

4-i
4 Scoping and prioritization of impacts/risks
4.1 Scoping Framework
4.1.1 Methodology
1. The objectives of the scoping process are to identify significant (i) environmental and social
issues early enough to feed them back to the planning team before engineering decisions are
made, (ii) environmental components that will be affected during pre-construction, construction,
and O/M stages of the Project, and (iii) environmental impacts during various stages of the Project
that need to be thoroughly assessed and addressed for mitigation and management. The scoping
framework for the Project has been developed based on the

 detailed review of all the proposed Project activities and civil works,
 detailed review of pre-feasibility and feasibility study reports of the Project,
 experience gained from past similar large bridge projects in Bangladesh,
 stakeholder and public consultations,
 collection and analysis of baseline environment of the Project area,
 anticipated induced development in the region after the Project completion, and
 Catering to harmonized environmental safeguard requirements.

Harmonized Environmental
Safeguard Requirements

Previous Environmental Studies

Project Information
& Past Experiences

Public/Stakeholder
Baseline Information
Consultations

Scoping for the Project

Figure 4-1: Environmental Scoping Framework for the Project

2. The framework of the scoping procedure is shown in Figure 4-1. The scoping framework
consists of five major steps (a) harmonized environmental safeguard requirements, (b) project
information, (c) review of previous environment studies, (d) public and expert consultations, and (e)
collection of baseline information. A brief description of each of these steps is given in the following
sections:

4-1
4.1.1.1 Harmonized Environmental Safeguard Requirements
3. A harmonized framework for environmental safeguard is prepared to address the
environmental safeguard requirements of the Government as well as that of the Co-financers,
World Bank, ADB, IDB and JICA. The scoping procedure considers the requirements of this
harmonized framework.
4.1.1.2 Project Information
4. A detailed review of the proposed civil works and facilities during pre-construction,
construction and O/M stages of the Project is made to identify relevant environmental issues.
Induced regional development due to the Project and associated development works are also
considered for scoping analysis.

4.1.1.3 Other Studies and Past Experiences

5. Environmental assessment reports prepared by earlier studies for the Padma Project (BBA
2000 and 2005, JICA 2005, and ADB 2007) were the key input to this scoping study. Experiences
gained from similar other large bridge projects in Bangladesh, such as Jamuna Bridge, Paksey
Bridge and Bhairab Bridge also helped in identifying key environmental issues. Scoping framework
also considers the results of various other engineering studies such as hydrological modeling and
river morphological studies.

4.1.1.4 Public and Stakeholder Consultation

6. Views, suggestions and concerns expressed by affected people during 8 large public
consultations and 13 focus group discussions held in the Project areas, and discussions with the
experts and various stakeholders (government and non-government organizations, and co-
financers) were the key input to the scoping study.
4.1.1.5 Baseline Information
7. The following social and environmental studies carried out under the Project are used for
scoping analysis:
 Social and Resettlement
 Environmental quality (water, noise, air, riverbed material)
 Aquatic life and fish,
 Flora and fauna,
 Wildlife,
 Landuse,
 Char land
 Topography, geology and hydrological modeling,
 Climate change,
4.1.2 Project Boundaries
8. The scoping analysis considered both direct and indirect areas of Project’s influence as
spatial boundaries of the Project.

9. The direct influence area in north and south includes footprint of all the project components.
The farthest component service area in Mawa side is located 4km from the Riverbank and in
Janjira side the approach road is about 3km from the River bank. We added 1 km additional in
each side to this boundary to define the project influence area. The backwater effect based on
hydrological modeling outcome is minimal (10cm) at a water surface slope of 0.000045, which
translates into an upstream distance of 1.5km. The influence area 15km in upstream (west) to
cover the distances of RTW and approach road (which is about a distance of about 13km from
bridge landing site), additional 2km is considered to cover the whole Char Janajat. On the other
hand, the influence area in downstream is 7km to cover the downstream Char Majirkandi.
10. The indirect zone of influence will broadly cover the associated activities of the Project, viz.
(a) the corridor of the Asian Highway 1 (Tamabil-Sylhet-Sorail-Kanchpur-Dhaka-Mawa-Bhatiapara-
Norail-Jessore-Benapole), (b) the corridor of Trans-Asian railway network and the railway missing
link from Gendaria-Mawa through the bridge to Bhanga-Kashiani-Narail-Jessore and (c) the Char

4-2
land, further up and downstream of the Padma River. In addition, the indirect zone of influence also
covers (i) high pressure gas transmission line from Bakharabad – Siddirganj – Khulna, (ii) high
voltage power transmission line from Siddirganj to Khulna.

Figure 4-2: Project direct and indirect boundaries.

11. Figure 4-2 shows the direct and indirect boundaries for environmental analysis of the project.
It is expected that in the direct boundary areas the project will have immediate and direct impact at

4-3
faster pace than that in the indirect boundary areas where the impacts will be of induced types and
will occur at slow pace depending on the development works undertaken by both government and
private initiatives.

4.2 Identification of Environmental Impacts

12. Based on the scoping analysis, environmental components associated with the Project
activities are identified and presented in Annex4-1. The environmental components considered
include physical, ecological and socio-economic environment and environmental quality. An
interaction matrix is developed between Project activities and the environmental components as
shown in Annex 4-1 to identify environmental components that will be impacted due to different
Project activities during various stages of the Project. The matrix contains all Project activities
during pre-construction, construction and post-construction phases of the Project. The pre-
construction activities include land acquisition and development of resettlement sites. The
construction activities include construction of main bridge, RTW, approach roads, bridge end
facilities, and construction yards. The post-construction activities include O/M of Project,
development of associated components (widening of N8, railway connectivity, and public utility
crossings) and induced regional development.

4.3 Prioritization of Environmental Impacts

13. All environmental components are prioritized using the methodology shown in Figure 4-3 to
identify key and significant environmental impacts during various stages of the Project that need to
be thoroughly addressed for mitigation and management. The prioritization process includes
scoring of various environmental impacts and dividing them into six categories, viz. low, medium
and high significant positive impact, low, medium and high significant negative impact.

Figure 4-3: Prioritization Procedure for assessing key environmental Impacts

Step 1: Assigning relative importance or weightage value to environmental component

 Relative weightage of an environmental component to overall environment is based on
the consultation among the environmental team members.
 Relative weightage varies 1-5 that has been assigned based on the relative importance of
the component in the project setting to a total scale of 100. The list of environmental
components and their relative weighates are given Annex 4.1.

Step 2: Assigning degree of impact to environmental component

 Degree of impact is the qualitative judgment of the Project’s environmental team
 Degree of impact: 0 - insignificant or nil; 1- low; 2-medium; 3: high. Positive for positive
impact and negative for negative impact.
 Value of degree of impact is from the experience of similar large projects, such as
Jamuna, Paksey and Bhairob Bridges in Bangladesh as well as the environmental setting
of the project area and the various Project activities

Step 3: Assigning nature of impact to environmental component

 Classify the impacts in terms of temporal (short-term/long-term), and mitigability extent
(partially/fully mitigable)

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Step 4a: Assigning composite rating value to environmental component
 Composite rating value is based on three variables: the degree, duration and mitigability
of impact.
 Criteria for assessing composite value for negative impacts
Degree of impact Temporal Mitigability
Short-term Long-term Partially Fully
Low (-1) √ √ √
Medium (-2) √ √ √
High (-3) √ √

 Criteria for assessing composite value for positive impacts

Degree of impact Temporal
Short-term Long-term
Low (+1) √
Medium (+2) √ √
High (+3) √

Step 4b: Assigning composite rating value to environmental component

 Composite rating value will vary from 1 to 3 for positive impacts and -1 to -3 for negative
impacts
 Criteria for assigning composite rating value for negative impacts
Composite Value Degree of Impact Temporal Mitigability
-1 Low (-1) Short term Full & Partial
Low (-1) Long term Full & Partial
Medium (-2) Short term Full & Partial
Medium (-2) Long term Full
-2 Medium (-2) Long term Partial
High (-3) Short term Full & Partial
-3 High (-3) Long term Partial

 Criteria for assigning composite rating value for positive impacts

Composite Value Degree of Impact Temporal
+1 Low (+1) Short term
Low (+1) Long term
Mdium (+2) Short term
+2 Medium (+2) Long term
High (+3) Short term
+3 High (+3) Long term

Step 5: Computing impact value for environmental component

 Impact value= weightage value (from Step-1) X composite rating value (from Step-4)

4-5
 Step 6: Prioritization and categorization of impacts
 Prioritization is based on the impact value (from step-5)
 An environmental component having the highest impact value among all will be the first
priority
 Categorization is the grouping of impacts based on impact value such as

Negative Impacts:
Yellow category or low negative components: -1 to -5
Pink category or moderately negative components: impact value: - 6 to -10
Red category or highly negative components when impact value > - 10

Positive Impacts:
Light Green category or low positive components: 1 to 5
Dark Green category or moderately positive components: impact value: 6 to 10
Blue category or highly positive components when impact value > 10

14. A detailed calculation matrix of impact values computed following the six steps prescribed in
Figure 4-3 is given in Annex 4-2. A summary of the Annex 4-1 showing only impact values of
environmental components are given in Annex4-3. The impact values are colored according to the
color code given in Step 6 of Figure 4-3.

15. Based on the output of Annex4-1 to 4-3 on interaction matrix with impact scores (& color
coding), key impacts (both positive and negative) are identified. Gist of the high and moderate
significant environmental components that need to be given attention while preparing detailed
impact assessment and management plan are given in Table 4-1.

Table 4-1: Description of Prioritized Environmental Impacts

First Priority Environmental Components and associated Project Activities (High Impact)
Land Acquisition and Resettlement
Significant land acquisition and resettlement is required for the project. This will affect the income,
and livelihood as well as social integrity.
Assessment of impacts
Pre- construction A high negative impact due to land acquisition and resettlement.
About 954 ha of land acquisition from 13,592 households (76,211
persons) will be required for implementation of the project. About
4,975 households (26,692 people) will be involuntarily resettled.
However, there will also be a high positive impact since all the
affected people will be shifted to ‘Resettlement Sites’ that cater to
all infrastructure facilities including environmental sanitation and
health facilities.
Construction Limited impacts since minimal land acquisition and resettlement is
anticipated during project implementation if there are some minor
changes in the project design during implementation.
Operation &Maintenance Associated developments such as road network development and
induced development such as industrialization will induce negative
medium impacts.
Fisheries/Aquatic Life
Fisheries production from the river and floodplains are of the high economic importance to the
country. The Padma river supports the life several important aquatic species such as dolphin and
hilsa.
Assessment of impacts
Pre- construction Medium negative impact due to filling of 61 ha floodplain for

4-6
 development of Resettlement Sites
Construction High negative impact due to filling of 639 ha of floodplain and 12 ha
of ponds for development of project sites. About 465 ha of Padma
river will be affected due to footprints of RTW works. Dredging for
RTW and disposal of dredged materials will have impacts on
aquatic habitat. Further, pile driving activities generates high
underwater noise levels which will affect the fishes, dolphins and
other aquatic life. Pile driving in deep channels during March to May
will have negative impact on the migration of juvenile Hilsa.
Operation & Maintenance No significant impact
Vegetation
Vegetation in the project area is very common and will provide the habitat for wildlife, and food and
wood to the local community.
Assessment of impacts
Pre- construction High negative impact due to clearing of sites in Resettlement sites
since about 17,000 trees will be cut High positive impact during
planting of trees in about 25 hectares in resettlement sites.
Construction High negative impacts encountered during clearing of all
construction sites. It is estimated that about 200,000 trees will be
cut.
Operation &Maintenance High positive impacts due to plantation of about 400,000 plants
along approach roads and bridge end facilities
Dredge Materials and Disposal
Huge volume of dredged materials will be generated from dredging works of RTW and direct
disposal of the materials in the river will influence the river water quality or direct disposal on land
will influence the soil quality.
Assessment of Impacts
Pre- construction Low negative impact during development of resettlement sties
Construction High negative impact due to generation of about 44 million cubic
meters of dredged materials from dredging activities of RTW.
Dredging for development of construction yard near Mawa side and
dredging for movement of barges along the main bridge alignment
also generate significant quantities of dredged material.
Operation & Maintenance No impact
Agriculture
Agriculture is the major dominant economic activity in the project area.
Assessment of impacts
Pre- construction High negative impact due to acquisition of about 702 ha of
agriculture land leading to an annual loss of 21.961 tons of crop.
Construction High negative impact due to clearing of agricultural lands.
Operation &Maintenance Induced developments at the regional scale will have medium
negative impact.
Noise Quality
Ambient noise quality in the project area is generally low except along the roads and ferry ghats.
Project activities generates high air and underwater noise levels that significantly affect aquatic
habitat and wild life, and nearby communities.
Assessment of impacts
Pre- construction Low negative impact due to mobilization of equipments,
construction materials/ vehicles during the construction of
resettlement sties.
Construction High negative impacts due to construction of bridge substructures,
especially during pile driving, which generates high underwater and
air noise levels that affect hilsa migration, dolphins’ vocalisation and
migratory birds’ habitat. There will be also medium negative
impacts due to (i) construction of main bridge superstructure, (ii)
mobilization of equipments, construction materials/ vehicles at all
the construction sites, and (iii) activities at construction yards.

4-7
Operation &Maintenance Medium negative impacts during O/M of approach roads, bridge,
and induced development activities.
Health, Safety and Hygiene
Large immigrant work force during construction works and their camp sites are hot spots for health,
safety and hygiene.
Assessment of Impacts
Pre- construction High positive impact due to the construction of hospitals, water
supply and sanitations facilities at all the Resettlement Sites.
Construction Medium negative impacts at the construction yards and camps due
to placement of large work force. Safety hazards during
construction of main bridge.
Operation &Maintenance Medium negative impact during installation and maintenance of
public utility crossings, such as high power transmission lines and
high pressure gasmain. Also there will be medium positive impacts
due to faster access to the health facilities to the Dhaka.
Employment and Poverty Reduction
Construction works require huge workforce, both skilled and unskilled. There is a huge potential for
employment during construction and O/M stages as well as from induced economic growth and
activities.
Assessment of impacts
Pre- construction Medium negative impact since about 2,882 agricultural workers and
employees of shops will temporarily lose employment due to land
acquisition. However, there will be medium positive impact due to
construction activities in resettlement sites
Construction Construction of Project activities will provide short term employment
(both skilled and unskilled) to around 5,000 local people, and hence
will have a medium positive impact.
Operation &Maintenance High positive impact due to (i) employment opportunities in the O/M
of the project, (ii) induced road side development and
industrialization, (iii) access to bigger and wider markets to sell local
products, agriculture produce and fisheries. Consequently there will
be a poverty reduction in one of the poorest regions of the country.
Transport/Road Accidents
Road transport is a key to overall development. Large quantities of material transport over road will
produce significant risks to traffic safety.
Assessment of impacts
Pre- construction Low negative impacts during construction of resettlement sites
Construction High negative impacts due to (i) transport of large quantities of
materials over road, (ii) mobilisation of vehicles/equipment and their
movement in the construction sites. Hence road safety and local
traffic jams are the major concerns.
Operation &Maintenance High positive impact due to connectivity south-west part of the
country with the rest of country through the Project, which is now
connected only through ferry. This coupled with new road network
development in both sides will promote regional development.
Erosion/Scour
Riverbanks in the Project area, especially on Janjira side, are very unstable and susceptible to
severe bank erosion. Construction of main bridge and RTW may induce changes in the erosion
and scour. Soil erosion from project sites and subsequent siltation may affect agricultural lands in
the immediate vicinity.
Assessment of impacts
Pre- construction Low negative impacts due to soil erosion from the construction
activities of Resettlement Sites.
Construction Medium negative impacts on soil erosion due to construction
activities.
Operation &Maintenance Medium negative impact on scour due to piers of main bridge. High
positive impact due to protection of river banks from further erosion
through RTW.

4-8
Second Priority Environmental Components and Associated Project Activities (Medium
Impact)
Top Soil/Bed Material
Top soil in the floodplains of the project area is very fertile and highly suitable for various
agricultural uses. The river bed material provides habitat for benthos and will be disturbed during
dredging and pile driving activities.
Assessment of impacts
Pre- construction Removing of top soil for resettlement sites has medium impact.
Construction Medium negative impacts due to removal of approximately 1.5
million cubic meters of top soil. Since the entire project sites are to
be filled with dredged material, it would take many years to make
the dredged material which would be used for filling to be fertile and
suitable for plantation development. However the top soil will be
collected, stored and reused.
Operation &Maintenance Low negative impact due to development of associated facilities.
River Flow
River flows are crucial for maintenance of regional hydrology and normal annual floods. Regional
hydrology and flooding is the dominating natural process that governs the floodplain activities
including agriculture, fisheries, erosion and siltation. It is required to keep regional hydrology and
flooding characteristics undisturbed as much as possible.
Assessment of impacts
Pre- construction No impacts
Construction Medium impacts during dredging for RTW works
Operation &Maintenance It is estimated that about 10 cm level of water rise in the water due
to of backwater affect of the main bridge.
Drainage
Natural cross drainage and floodwater flows are key natural resources for sustenance of agriculture
and fisheries in the flood plains. Blocking of floodwater flow and natural drainage path will occur
due to the filling of the project sites above flood level. Drainage congestion from infrastructure
works puts a high costs on the natural resources and agriculture in terms of crop damage and loss
of fisheries.
Assessment of impacts
Pre- construction Low medium impact during construction of resettlement sites, while
there will be medium positive impacts after construction of
resettlement sites due to improved environmental sanitation
conditions.
Construction Medium negative impacts encountered during, (i) earth works and
(ii) earth filling and compaction for road and other project sites due
to blocking of natural drainage.
Operation &Maintenance Low negative impact during O/M of the approach roads
Wildlife
Project area supports an ecosystem for migratory birds and terrestrial birds, and variety of
mammals. Some of this wildlife is listed endangered in the IUCN Redlist.
Assessment of Impacts
Pre- construction Medium negative impact during site clearing, since 200,000 trees
are biotope for scores of animals.
Construction Medium negative impacts due to noise levels from the main bridge
construction, especially the pile driving activities that will have
impact on the migratory birds’ habitat.
Operation &Maintenance O&M have long-lasting effect, due to habitat destruction
Wetlands
Wetlands provide habitat for fish and migratory birds. The Project area consists of two types of
wetlands, (i) permanent wetlands, which include streams, canals and ponds; and (ii) temporary
wetlands consist of floodplains.
Assessment of Impacts
Pre- construction Medium negative significant impact due to development of
resettlement sites over temporary wetlands (floodplains) and fish
ponds.

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Construction Medium negative impacts encountered due to development of all
project sites over temporary wetlands (floodplains) and fish ponds
Operation & Maintenance Long-lasting impact because of interruption of fish migration (loss of
year classes) and medium negative impacts are expected due to
induced development activities
Charland
Charland contains a unique ecosystem within the Project area and harbor significant population,
flora as well as fauna. A recently formed and vegetated Charland, but non inhabitated, is located
directly below the main bridge alignment.
Assessment of Impacts
Pre- construction No impact
Construction Medium negative impact due the construction activities along the
main bridge alignment requires dredging of the existing char, which
is recently formed and non inhabitated. Since the formation and
erosion of Charland in Padma is a continuous process, the impact
on the inhabitated char is expected to be medium. Further some
newly emerged Charland will be used for reclamation of dredged
material and development of a construction yard near Mawa.
Operation & Maintenance Positive impact by provision of protected sanctuary in the char area
(to be part of project).
Air Quality
Ambient air quality in the project area is affected by ferry operations. Air pollution may occur
through the use of vehicles and equipments, cleaning of materials, coating of construction
materials, dust from stone/brick crushing etc. Severe air pollution may lead to health hazard.
Assessment of impacts
Pre- construction Mobilization of equipment and vehicles at the resettlement sites has
low negative impact. Development of green areas and other
plantation activities in the resettlement sites will have positive
impact on the air quality.
Construction Medium negative impact due to mobilization and operation of
vehicles and equipment, asphalt and concrete plants, and
construction yards. Local air quality will be deteriorated from the
emission of vehicles, construction equipments, dusts generated
from construction activities, crushing of stones/rocks, etc.
Operation &Maintenance Medium negative impact during O/M of approach roads and bridge.
Widening of NH8 and road network also has medium negative
impact.
Water Quality
Physical and chemical quality of the river water and other surface water bodies is the crucial for
sustenance of aquatic habitat. Groundwater is the major source of drinking and irrigation in the
project area.
Assessment of impacts
Pre- construction Low negative impact during construction of resettlement sites
Construction Medium negative impacts on surface water quality due to (i)
dredging activities, (ii) construction of main bridge and other
structures over water bodies (and ii) construction activities near
river. Further, accidental spillage of fuels, lubricants,
chemicals/solvents and construction waste will contaminate both
surface and ground waters.
Operation &Maintenance No significant impact. However there could be medium to high level
risks due to accidental spillage of fuels, lubricants,
chemicals/solvents.
Waste
Construction debris and solid/liquid wastes generated from construction yards and sites will
deteriorate the environment in their immediate surroundings of disposal.
Assessment of Impacts
Pre- construction No significant impact
Construction Medium negative impacts encountered during disposal of wastes at

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 construction yard and other construction sites
Operation &Maintenance Medium negative impact during O/M due to road side development
and industrialization.
Religious and Cultural Sensitivity
Construction activities may raise social and cultural issues due to influx on non-local labours and
construction near the settlements of approach roads.
Assessment of impacts
Pre- construction Medium negative impact since 91 cultural resources, including
mosques and graveyards, will be affected due to the Project.
Construction Low negative impacts during construction stage
Operation &Maintenance No impacts
Navigation and Water Accidents
Water transport is the important riverine transport in the project area. Normal navigation in the river
Padma may be hindered due to movement of barges and dredgers, dredging works and cargos.

Assessment of impacts
Pre- construction No impact
Construction Medium negative impact to navigation due to movement of barges,
dredgers, cargos and dredging works. Most of the construction
material required for the project mainly comes through water
transport.
Operation &Maintenance No impact
Gender
Women in general believed to be vulnerable group in Bangladesh and their empowerment is crucial
for country’s development.
Assessment of Impacts
Pre- construction Medium positive impact during construction of resettlement sites
due to hiring of women workers and development of livelihood
restoration facilities targeting women.
Construction Construction of Project activities will provide short term employment
to around 5,000 local people, including women, and hence will have
a medium positive impact
Operation &Maintenance High positive impact due to (i) induced road side development and
industrialization, and (ii) access to bigger and wider markets to sell
their products, agriculture produce and fisheries
Non Road Accidents
Non road accidents are related to public utility crossings and would be a cause for potential
concern, especially, if they are constructed after the bridge is in operation
Assessment of impacts
Pre- construction No impacts
Operation &Maintenance Medium negative impacts due to installation of public utility
crossings such as high power transmission and high pressure gas
pipeline.
Construction Low negative impacts due to rail network development and possible
industrialisation through induced development.
Landuse
The landuse in the project area is rural with the dominance of floodplains and agriculture. Change
in landuse due to filling of flood plains and construction works. With the implementation of the
project, the rural areas may get urbanization gradually in the long run and this could introduce
secondary impact which might change the existing land use.
Assessment of impacts
Pre- construction Low positive impact due to construction of Resettlement Sites with
all civil amenities, and plantations.
Construction Disposal of dredge spoils will have a medium negative impact.
However, since aesthetic values will be considered for design of
bridge and bridge end facilities, there will a medium positive impact
post construction

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Operation &Maintenance Induced developments at the regional scale will have medium
negative impact.

4.4 Induced Environmental Impacts at Regional Level

16. Urbanization in Bangladesh is growing in rapid pace especially along the road and railway
corridors. With the construction of the Padma Bridge, a rapid uncontrolled and unplanned
urbanization may take place around the Project area, Asian highway and railway corridor. Apart
from such urbanization, induced development activities along these areas will occur in the south-
west regions of the country; these development activities will trigger several environmental issues
at local and regional level.

17. A network diagram showing the induced impacts from widening of national highway 8 (N8)
and railway network is shown in Figure 4-4. It is expected that the connectivity of the south-western
part of the region with the rest of country will provide increased accessibility to markets, ports and
growth centers. This will lead to development of business (including agriculture and fisheries),
industry, communication, tourism, urbanization, etc. The induced development has both negative
and positive impacts. The positive impacts are increase in the socio-economic conditions of the
region through employment generation and poverty reduction. The negative impacts are (i) air and
noise pollution due to construction activities, increase in traffic levels and industrial development,
(ii) generation of wastes due to increased living standards, (iii) consequent health impacts due to
pollution and waste generation, (iv) loss of biodiversity, and (v) land acquisition and resettlement.
The positive impacts and negative impacts are represented with +/- sign in the network diagram.
An assessment of these positive and negative impacts in terms of degree, duration and mitigability
of impacts is shown in Table 4-2.
Table 4-2: Assessment of Induced Impacts
Impact Degree of Impact Duration Mitigability
Loss of biodiversity High negative impact long term impact. Partly mitigable
Land acquisition and High negative impact Long term impact Partly mitigable
resettlement
Air and Noise Pollution Medium negative Long term impact Partly mitigable
Impact
Waste Generation High negative impact Long term impact Fully mitigable
Health Impacts High negative impact Long term impact Fully mitigable
Business Development High positive impact Long term impact Enhancement
Industrialization High positive impact Long term impact Enhancement
Tourism High positive impact Long term impact Enhancement
Employment High positive impact Long term impact Enhancement
opportunities

4-12
 Filling of flood plains & Loss of
Tree felling (‐) biodiversity (‐)

Increase in
Land Acquisition (‐) Resettlement (‐)
Income (+)

Increase in living
Standards (+)

Increase in Business
Widening of N8
accessibility to Development (+)
towns, markets, Employment Waste
ports, and Oppotunities (+) generation (‐)
Padma Bridge growth centers
(+) Tourism (+)

Railway Network
Industrialization
(+)

Migration (+) Urbanization (+)

Construction Health impacts

Activities (‐) (‐)
Air Pollution (‐)
Traffic
congestion (‐)

Noise Pollution (‐)

Figure 4-4: Network diagram for impact assessment of induced development

4-13
 CHAPTER 5:

CLIMATE CHANGE
CONSIDERATIONS
Table of Contents
List of Tables .................................................................................................................................5-i
List of Figures ................................................................................................................................5-i

5 Climate Change Considerations............................................................5-1

5.1 Scoping .............................................................................................................................. 5-1
5.2 Data and Information Collection and Methods Followed ..................................................... 5-2
5.2.1 GHG Consideration.................................................................................................. 5-2
5.2.2 Impacts Consideration.............................................................................................. 5-2
5.3 Climate projections ............................................................................................................. 5-3
5.3.1 Future Sea Level Rise.............................................................................................. 5-3
5.3.2 Temperature Projection............................................................................................ 5-5
5.3.3 Wind Forces ............................................................................................................. 5-5
5.4 Analysis of Environmental Effects....................................................................................... 5-5
5.4.1 GHG Considerations ................................................................................................ 5-5
5.4.2 Impact Consideration ............................................................................................... 5-6
5.5 Identification of Mitigation/Adaptive Measures .................................................................... 5-7
5.5.1 GHG Management Plan ........................................................................................... 5-7
5.5.2 Impacts Management/Adaptive Plan........................................................................ 5-8
5.6 Monitoring, Follow-up and Adaptive Management .............................................................. 5-8

List of Tables

Table 5-1: Propagation of sea level into the river and estuary including Padma Bridge
Location. ............................................................................................................. 5-4
Table 5-2: GHG emission from the Project intervention............................................ 5-6
Table 5-3: Annual Greenhouse Gas emissions from Ferry operation ...................... 5-6

List of Figures

Figure 5-1: Scoping of Climate Change Considerations in Padma Bridge ............... 5-1
Figure 5-2: Increase in water level in Meghna Estuary due to 88 cm sea level rise. 5-3
Table 5-1: Propagation of sea level into the river and estuary including Padma Bridge
Location. ............................................................................................................. 5-4
Figure 5-3: Simulation of sea level rise and its propagation into inland areas.......... 5-5
Table 5-2: GHG emission from the Project intervention............................................ 5-6
Table 5-3: Annual Greenhouse Gas emissions from Ferry operation ...................... 5-6

5-i
5 Climate Change Considerations
5.1 Scoping
1. Climate change is one of the several factors considered in the EA. A climate change study
was conducted under the EA process with the following objectives:
 help BBA manage or reduce the potential risk posed by the impacts of climate change to the
project and contribute to climate change action;
 provide environmental managers of the co-financiers with information that will assist their
broader climate change action; and
 help decision makers to address climate change implications in a risk management context.
 provide assurance to the public that climate change implications are being appropriately
considered in the design of the proposed project;
2. The following two approaches are considered for incorporating climate change in the EA:
 Greenhouse Gas (GHG) Considerations: where the proposed project may contribute to GHG
emissions
 Impacts Considerations: where climate change may affect the proposed project

3. Figure 5-1 provides an outline of the climate change considerations followed in the Padma
Bridge EA.

Climate Change Consideration

in Padma Bridge

GHG Impact
Consideration Consideration

Identify GHG Impacts Impacts of Climate Change

of the Project on the Project

Assess GHG Assess Climate

Impacts Change Impacts

No Yes No Yes

Document GHG Document Impacts

GHG Emission Management Impact Management/
Analysis Plan Analysis Adaptive Plan

Monitoring,
Follow Up,
Adapative
Management

Figure 5-1: Scoping of Climate Change Considerations in Padma Bridge

5-1
5.2 Data and Information Collection and Methods Followed
5.2.1 GHG Consideration
4. The GHG emission is calculated in accordance with the revised 1996 Intergovernmental
Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) for National GHG Inventories. This report contains a description of
inventory methodologies, and comprehensive emissions data. The inventory is divided into following
five main categories and each of these categories is further subdivided within the inventory.
 Energy
 Industrial Processes
 Agriculture
 Land Use Change and Forestry
 Waste
5. The IPCC methodology breaks the calculation of emissions (e.g., for carbon dioxide) from fuel
combustion into 6 steps:
Step 1: Estimate Apparent Fuel Consumption in Original Units
Step 2: Convert to a Common Energy Unit
Step 3: Multiply by Emission Factors to Compute the Carbon Content
Step 4: Compute Carbon Stored
Step 5: Correct for Carbon Unoxidized
Step 6: Convert Carbon Oxidized to CO2 Emissions

6. The inventory contains annual emission estimates of the following direct and indirect GHGs
up to 2050 when the bridge will attain its full traffic capacity.
 Carbon Dioxide (CO2)
 Methane (CH4)
 Nitrous Oxide (N2O)
 Non Methane Volatile Organic Compounds (NMVOC).

7. The data used for the estimation of emissions has been collected from the following sources.
 Bangladesh Statistical Year Book, 2007
 Traffic counts data and traffic forecast by the design consultant
 Area of the asphalt pavement and the quantity of the bitumen
 Fuel consumption by type of vehicles
 Fuel consumption by ferries, launch, speed boat and country boat and the number of annual
and or daily trips.

8. As standard emission factors (EF) are not established for Bangladesh, the emission factors
for the transport sector in the.inventory have been developed using the default values given in IPCC
guidelines.

5.2.2 Impacts Consideration

9. The impacts consideration assessed the hydro-meteorological parameters that are directly
and indirectly exposed to climate change phenomenon for facilitating the detail design and
environmental impact assessment process. In this regard, the study assessed the effects of climate
change on the river hydrology at the proposed bridge site. Projecting the impact of global climate
change on water resources therefore requires the ability to represent climate processes on a variety
of spatial scales, from global (40,000 km) down to local (5 km). In this regard, under the current scope
of works, neither any GCM or RCM climatic models nor any hydro-dynamic simulation was newly
conducted; rather raw data available from existing climate and hydro-metric observatories and
regional projections from different sources were used. For detailed analysis please refer to Vol. 5
Factoring Climate Change in the Design of the Padma Bridge.

5-2
5.3 Climate projections
5.3.1 Future Sea Level Rise
10. Sea level rise (in the Bay of Bengal) reflects the combined effects of global sea level rise, local
changes in sea level due to ocean density and circulation changes relative to the global average and
may also be influenced by local vertical land movement (e.g. subsidence or uplift) in the vicinity of the
bridge site.

11. From the available information, three alternative sea level rise scenario has been considered:
 A high-end low probability estimate of sea level rise: This scenario considers the upper
range of sea level rise estimate projected by IPCC (2007b), additional ice sheet contribution
as per Mote et al. (2008) estimate and upper range of local sea level rise in the Bay of Bengal
as per IPCC (2007b).
Global sea level rise (IPCC, 2007b) 0.59 m
Additional ice sheet contribution (Mote et al, 2008) 0.34 m
Local sea level rise (IPCC, 2007b) 0.05 m
Total 0.98 m
 A low-end estimate of sea level rise: This scenario considered the lower range of IPCC
projection made for the A1F1 scenario and did not include the effect of additional ice sheet
contribution and local sea level rise.
Global sea level rise (IPCC, 2007b) 0.26 m
Additional ice sheet contribution (Mote et al, 2008) 0.00 m
Local sea level rise (IPCC, 2007b) 0.00 m
Total 0.26 m
 Pragmatic mid-range estimate of sea level rise: This scenario considers the average of the
sea level rise estimates as projected by IPCC (2007b) for A1F1 scenario, 50% of the estimate
made by Mote et al. on additional ice sheet contribution, and no effect of local effect of sea
level rise in the Bay of Bengal.
Global sea level rise (middle of AR4 A1F1 range) 0.43 m
Additional ice sheet contribution 0.17 m
Local sea level rise 0.00 m
Total 0.60 m

0.50 m
0.60 m
0.65 m
0.80 m 0.85 m

0.88 m

Figure 5-2: Increase in water level in Meghna Estuary due to 88 cm sea level rise

5-3
12. Estimate of future sea level rise is assessed using the same dataset of an existing study titled
“Impact Assessment of Climate Changes on the Coastal Zone of Bangladesh” (WARPO, 2005).
All the three scenarios have been investigated and it is revealed that a net sea level rise of 1.00 m,
0.60 m and 0.26m may cause rising in water level at the bridge site by 0.47m, 0.27m and 0.09m
respectively. This rise in water level has direct impact on the river itself and its surrounding
environment. It is also found that for the most extreme condition, i.e. for 1m of sea level rise, land
ward propagation of sea may be around 40 km down from the proposed bridge location and thus
there will be no effect or no direct inundation in the surrounding locations at the proposed Padma
bridge location due to sea level rise of 1.0 m.

Table 5-1: Propagation of sea level into the river and estuary including Padma Bridge Location.
Distance from the Sea Level Rise (SLR in m)
outer most boundary 0.88 1.00 0.60 0.26
of SLR in estuary Rise in water level due to SLR (m, PWD)
(km)
26 0.85 0.96 0.55 0.19
105 0.80 0.90 0.52 0.18
131 0.65 0.73 0.42 0.15
149 0.60 0.68 0.39 0.14
168 0.50 0.56 0.33 0.11
240 (Padma Bridge) 0.42 0.47 0.27 0.09

SLR = 25 cm
SLR = 0 cm

Padma Bridge at Mawa Padma Bridge at Mawa

SLR = 50 cm SLR = 75 cm

Padma Bridge at Mawa Padma Bridge at Mawa

5-4
 SLR = 100

Padma Bridge at Mawa

Figure 5-3: Simulation of sea level rise and its propagation into inland areas

5.3.2 Temperature Projection

13. A high-resolution climate change scenario for India/Bangladesh -A Regional Climate Model called
PRECIS (i.e., providing Regional Climates for Impacts Studies) is used to get climatic datasets at finer
scales. It was found that the mean temperature may increase by 6.1% and 12.9% from base during
year 2050 and 2090. For 1 in a 100 year extreme temperature event, it is found that the projected
maximum temperature for year 2050 and year 2100 may be around 43.9 0C and 46.6 0C respectively.
On the other hand, for the same event, minimum temperature is anticipated to increase to 9.3 0C and
9.9 0C respectively.

5.3.3 Wind Forces

14. Research cited by AR4 (IPCC, 2007a) showed a 10 to 20% increase in tropical cyclone
intensities associated with a sea-surface temperature rise of from 2 to 4°C. In the absence of other
data, it is recommended that an increase by 20% in the highest wind speeds derived from the analysis
of historic wind data is taken as future wind speed at the Padma bridge location. Generalized extreme
value distribution model showed that a 100 year return period event of wind speed is 91 km/hr and for
20% projected increase in the intensity due to climate change it may increase up to 110 km/hr. If we
expect a SIDR like cyclonic event which was a 233 year return period event, then the projected wind
1
speed with 20% increased intensity may be 126 km/hr (1,958 km/day or 87 knot) .

5.4 Analysis of Environmental Effects

5.4.1 GHG Considerations
15. GHG emissions from automobiles consist of the gaseous product of engine fuel combustion
(exhaust emissions) and evaporation and leaks from vehicles (Fugitive emissions). Carbon dioxide
(CO2) and carbon monoxide (CO) emissions are due to the oxidation of fuel during combustion. Non-
Methane Volatile Organic Compounds (NMVOC) emissions are fugitive emissions due to evaporation
and leaks. Petrol and diesel are the main fuels used for road transport in N8 corridor. With the
implementation of Padma Bridge it is expected that compressed natural gas (CNG) network will be
developed and CNG powered vehicles will start to use the road corridor. The current GHG estimates
are based on the consumption of petrol and diesel fuel by different vehicles, the traffic counts data,
and the forecasted traffic. Buses and trucks are the main diesel consumers. Petrol is mainly
consumed by cars and vans. About 75,635 vehicles will use Padma Bridge daily in the year 2036. In
addition, NMVOC is also calculated for the 330,196m2 asphalt road surface, which is 17,714 tons.

1
For detail result please see the Vol 5: Climate Change Report

5-5
 Table 5-2: GHG emission from the Project intervention
Year Estimated Annual Greenhouse Gas Emission (ton)
CO2 CH4 N2O NMVOC Total
(CO2 eq)
2009 7,021 2.42 0.18 138.57 7,690
2014 50,586 15.23 1.38 800.40 54,578
2020 113,033 34.77 3.05 1,868.40 122,283
2025 158,661 52.20 4.14 2,994.97 173,178
2030 230,920 81.89 5.77 5,012.53 254,736
2036 301,647 110.16 7.40 6,898.82 334,203
Note: Total CO2 eq is estimated based on the Global Warming Potential for 100 years data of IPCC
2007
Source: The Consultant’s Estimate, 2009.
16. Green house gas emissions due to ferry operation are estimated and are provided in Table 5-3.
Table 5-3: Annual Greenhouse Gas emissions from Ferry operation
GHG Emissions, Tons
CO2 9,043
CH4 2.92
NOX 0.24
NMVOC 159.54
Source: The Consultant’s Estimate, 2009.

16. Bangladesh emitted 45 million tons of CO2 equivalent in 2005 (Source: Bangladesh Climate
Change Strategy and Action Plan, 2008) - less than one-fifth of one percent of world total - reflecting
its extremely low consumption of energy. Total project GHG emission (Table 5-2) compared to the
national total and world emission (50 billion tons of CO2 equivalents2) is insignificant.
5.4.2 Impact Consideration
17. Climate variability will primarily impact on the hydro-meteorological process and the surrounding
environment will be impacted secondarily from the perturbation in the hydro-meteorological
phenomenon. Considering the time constrains and sharp deadlines, environmental impact
assessment exercise only considers the climate change impact on the hydro-meteorological
processes at the Padma bridge site.

5.4.2.1 Precipitation and flood flows

18. For extreme event estimation, Generalized Extreme Value distribution method for 1-day and 2-
day consecutive maximum rainfall of difference recurrence interval was used. It was found that for a
100-year return period event the rainfall may increase due to climate change from 295 mm to 372 mm
3
and 408mm to 514 mm respectively for 1-day and 2-day consecutive maximum rainfall event .
19. AR4 (IPCC, 2007a) cites research projecting increases in the occurrence of intense precipitation
events in South Asia. There is, however, no consensus on the magnitude of such increases, and in
the absence of consensus, changes in seasonal amounts were often assumed to translate into
equivalent changes in extreme precipitation amounts. Relying on this assumption, the Institute of
Water Modeling (IWM, 2008) undertook a study of the impacts of climate change on monsoon
flooding in Bangladesh assuming a 13% increase in precipitation over the Ganges-Brahmaputra-
Meghna (GBM) basin to estimate flood impacts by 2040 under the A1F1 emissions scenario and a
corresponding 22% of increase in the peak discharge of Ganges at Hardinge bridge. But no such

2
IPCC 4th Assessment Report: Climate Change 2007: Mitigation of Climate Change
3
For detail result please see the Climate Change Report

5-6
location specific data was available for Mawa location. But under the CLASSIC Project (IWFM and
CEGIS, 2008) grid discharge were simulated at different fine grid locations using the following GSM
and RCM Models, from where the Mawa location was included.
 CCCma’s GCM, CGCM2
 CCSR/NIES’s GCM, CCSR/NIES AGCM
 GFDL’s GCM, R30
 Hadley Centre’s GCM, HadCM3
 Hadley Centre’s RCM, PRECIS
 Hadley Centre’s RCM, HadRM2

20. Mean monthly flow situation derived from the above-mentioned models for Padma Bridge location
is analyzed. It was found that minimum flow may be observed during the month of April (7,478 cumec,
derived from HadRM2 for Year 2030), which was 7.8% lower than the base (year 1990) year mean
flow. On the upper side, maximum flow was observed during the month of September (70,690 cumec,
derived from PRECIS model for Year 2050) which was 5.35% more than that of base year mean flow
4
for September .
5.4.2.2 High Flows
21. Maximum mean daily to seasonal flow was observed from GFDL model (Year 2030) input
scenarios. Mean daily maximum discharge was found as 82,260 cumec, which varied within the range
of 76,220 to 82,000 cumec over the weekly to seasonal time periods. Large flood peak was observed
from the HadCM3 input model. Peak discharge was observed as 151,100 cumec which was around
58% higher than the base period discharge. Non-exceedance probability of the peak discharge was
found as 90.42%5.
22. Combining the net effect of sea level rise and increased precipitation at Mawa, for 1 in 10 year
return period event (RP-90), the observed and predicted water level due to sea level rise and increase
in rainfall was found as 6.81 mPWD and 7.44 m PWD respectively.
5.4.2.3 Low Flow
23. Mean daily minimum discharge was found as 7,366 cumec, which varied within the range of
7,377 to 7,719 cumec over the weekly to seasonal time periods. Extreme low flow peak was observed
from the same input model where the peak low flow was observed as 7,345 cumec, which was around
3.4% lower than the base period discharge. Non-exceedance probability of the extreme low flow was
found as 98.71%6.
5.4.2.4 Salinity Intrusion
24. Sea level rise and reduced dry season river discharges will result in increased salinity in the
Meghna estuary and in the lower reaches of the Meghna River. It was shown by WARPO (2005) that
a maximum sea level rise of 1.0m sea level rise by 2100 would result in the 5 ppt isohaline “front”
moving roughly 60 km upriver, or to a point about 70 km below the bridge. Thus the risk of salinity
intrusion in the Padma Bridge site may be considered insignificant enough to exclude from
environmental impact assessment.

5.5 Identification of Mitigation/Adaptive Measures

5.5.1 GHG Management Plan
25. Based on the estimates of GHG emissions from the Project compared to the overall global GHG
emissions (50 billion tons of CO2 equivalents per year, 2004 estimates7) is insignificant and hence
does not warrant further analysis and any mitigation measures.

4
Same as previous
5
Same as previous
6
Same as previous
7
IPCC Fourth Assessment Report: Climate Change 2007: Mitigation of Climate Change

5-7
5.5.2 Impacts Management/Adaptive Plan
26. Based on the observed and projected trend or statistics in climatic parameters that will facilitate
the environmental assessment and considerations in detailed design the following recommendations
are made to include n Padma Bridge Design:
o For the maximum sea level rise of 1.00 m in Bay of Bengal, rise in the water level at the
bridge site is considered 0.47m. Combining the effects of sea level rise and increase
basin rainfall, 0.63m rise in water level or maximum water level of 7.44m PWD.
o It is recommended to consider the maximum temperature of 46.6 0C and minimum
temperature of 9.3 0C in the design.
o The design considered either the 1-day or 2-day consecutive maximum rainfall of 372 mm
and 514 mm for a 1 in 100 year return period event.
o The predicted peak discharge of 151,100 cumec and lowest flow as 7,345 cumec are
considered in the hydrological analysis.
o Maximum wind speed is predicted as 126 km/h
o The risk of salinity intrusion in the Padma Bridge is considered to be nil or insignificant
and hence excluded from the design considerations.
26. The main design team and the River Training Works team followed the recommendation in this
regard.

5.6 Monitoring, Follow-up and Adaptive Management

27. Since the design life of Padma Bridge is 100 years, it is important that a monitoring, follow-up
and adaptive management mechanism is in place. BBA should monitor the climatic status of the
project site by permanent hydro-meteorological stations in both sides of the river to monitor the
climatic parameters. Resource requirement and budget for setting the hydro-meteorological stations
are prepared and proposed in Chapter 8 for considerations. An adaptive management process will
also be employed by BBA to implement any remedial actions identified as necessary during the
follow-up program, as well as incorporate any new lessons learned into normal procedures. Adaptive
management can serve as an important learning tool for climate change action, as uncertainty about
vulnerabilities and risks can be reduced by experience only if that experience is identified and passed
on (to others) to benefit other large projects in Bangladesh. Moreover, project and climate change
related knowledge, technology, policy and legislation are evolving. For projects of longer design life, it
is appropriate to consider these changes as part of the follow-up program.

5-8
 CHAPTER 6:

ANALYSIS OF
ALTERNATIVES
Table of Contents
List of Tables 6-i
List of Figures 6-i
6 Analysis of Alternatives 6-1
6.1 Framework for Assessment of Alternatives 6-1
6.1.1 Assessment Framework 6-1
6.2 Weighted Scores of Alternatives 6-2
6.3 Without the Project Alternative 6-3
6.4 Alternative Analysis during Feasibility Study 6-3
6.4.1 Location/Alignment of Bridge 6-3
6.4.1.1 Mawa-Janjira Site 6-8
6.4.1.2 Paturia-Goalundo Site 6-9
6.4.2 Type of Bridge 6-10
6.5 Alternative Analysis during Detailed Design 6-10
6.5.1 Design of Main Bridge 6-10
6.5.2 Design of Transition Structures 6-18
6.5.3 Modifications of Feasibility Design: Bridge End Facilities & Navigation
Clearance 6-18
6.6 River Training Works 6-19
6.6.1 Alternative 1 - Revetment on Bank of Southside Channel 6-19
6.6.2 Alternative 2 - : Guide Bund and Upstream Hard Points on South Bank 6-20
6.6.3 Alternative 2 Modified – Hard points in Char: 6-21
6.7 Preferred Options 6-29
6.8 Conclusion 6-30

List of Tables

Table 6-1: Comparison Summary for Alternative Crossing Locations of Padma Bridge 6-5
Table 6-2: Evaluation Criteria for two shortlisted alignments 6-8
Table 6-3: Comparison of concrete extradosed and steel truss bridges 6-12
Table 6-4: Comparison of Transition Structures 6-18
Table 6-5: Alternate analysis of RTW 6-23
Table 6-6: Weighted Score of Main Bridge Options 6-29
Table 6-7: Weighted Score of Transition Structure Options 6-29
Table 6-8: Weighted Score of RTW Options 6-29

List of Figures

Figure 6-1: Framework for Alternate Analysis 6-1

Figure 6-2: Alternate locations studied for the bridge site during FS 6-4
Figure 6-3: Alternative 1: Revetment on bank of south channel 6-20
Figure 6-4: Alternative 2: Guide bund and hard points on bank of south channel 6-21
Figure 6-5: Alternative 2 Modified: Guidebund and hardpoints on char 6-21
Figure 6-6: Preferred option 6-30

6-i
6 Analysis of Alternatives
6.1 Framework for Assessment of Alternatives
6.1.1 Assessment Framework
1. Location of Project alignment has already been identified during feasibility study (FS) by
analysis of various possible alignments through technical, economical, social and environmental
considerations. During detailed design stage, the alternative analysis is carried out only for the
design of main bridge, transition structures and River training works (RTW). A framework
considered for alternate analysis is shown in Figure 6-1.

Padma
Bridge

Feasibility Study

Paturia - Dohar - Chandpur -

A. Location Mawa - Janjira
Goalundo Charbhadrasan Bhedarganj

B. Bridge Type
Concrete - Concrete -
Concrete - Box
Extradosed Cable Styled
Girder
Girder Girder

Detailed Design Stage

Analysis of each option is based on Main Bridge
1. Technical Robustness
2. Constructability
3. Maintenance
4. Cost Extradosed
5. Social & Resettlement Composite Girder
6. Environment Steel Truss (Prestressed
7. Proven Previous Use Concrete)

C. Main Bridge
Two Level Single Level
Bridge Bridge

Transition Transition
D. Transition Structures Structure - Structure -
Option H1 Option H2

Guide Bund Guide Bund

Revetment
E. River Training Works with Hard with Hard
along Bank
Points on Bank Points on Char

Figure 6-1: Framework for Alternate Analysis

6-1
2. During FS, the location of the bridge was selected at Mawa – Janjira site based on an alternate
analysis of four possible sites. Also, a concrete extradosed girder bridge was selected as a
preferred option based on the analysis of three concrete bridge options. In detailed design stage
the FS recommended bridge option was compared with a steel truss bridge. The following criteria
are used for comparative analysis of various alternatives for bridge. Similar criteria are also used
for transition structures and RTW.

1. Robustness
a. Structural efficiency
b. Superstructure
c. Substructure
d. Accommodation of services
e. Length of approach viaducts
2. Constructability
a. Construction program
b. Ease of construction
3. Maintenance
a. Inspection and maintenance access provisions
b. Operational issues including emergency maintenance access
c. Durability
d. Safety
4. Cost
a. Construction Cost
b. O/M Costs
5. Social and Resettlement Aspect
a. Land acquisition and resettlement
b. Employment potential
c. Navigation
6. Environment
a. River ecology
b. Fisheries and other aquatic life
c. Material quantity
d. Dredging
e. Aesthetics
f. Upstream/downstream impacts
7. Proven Previous Use
a. Proven successful previous use

6.2 Weighted Scores of Alternatives

3. While comparing the various proposed options based on the above criteria, an analysis was
carried out by using scoring/normalization technique and employing simple methods such as
weighted sum scores.

4. Weightage factors are assigned to each of the criterion based on a discussion with the Project
team members and BBA staff. The weightage factors were normalized to add up to 100.
Weightage factors of each criterion were different for different structures as their relative
importance varies from structures to structure.

5. A score was given in the scale of 1 to 5 to each of the parameter for various options. The
maximum score 5 represents ‘most favorable’ and the minimum score 1 represents ‘least

6-2
favorable. Then, the weighted scores are computed for each criterion by multiplying its weightage
with its respective score.

6. Alternatives are then compared on weighted summation of scores and the alternative which has
the highest total weighted score is selected as the preferred option. For example, Alternative 1 is
preferred over Alternative 2, if the total weighted score of the former is higher than the later.

6.3 Without the Project Alternative

7. The without project alternative is not acceptable since this will strongly reduce the potential for
socio-economic development in the entire Southwest region of the country, where about one
quarter of the Bangladesh population lives. Relative isolation of this part of the country because of
the absence of a good communication infrastructure, in the form of adequate road and railway
connections with the rest of the country, will further deprive the region of the potential for increased
production, relocation or generation of new economic activities and employment. A stagnating
regional economy will affect incomes and increase the number of people living below the poverty
line, especially in the major urban centers such as Khulna and Barisal. Opportunities for more
export through Mongla seaport and Benapole land port will be reduced because of high transport
costs. Current risky and unreliable ferry services will remain in service, often resulting in long
waiting times for trucks (10 hours and more) and cars (2 hours). Noise, oil pollution and hindrance
of commercial navigation caused by the fleet of ferries, launches and speedboats crossing the river
on daily basis will continue.

6.4 Alternative Analysis during Feasibility Study

6.4.1 Location/Alignment of Bridge
8. FS has identified following four possible sites for the bridge construction. The location of these
sites is shown in Figure 6-2.

 Site 1: Paturia – Goalundo: Narrow River section located just downstream of the
Jamuna – Ganges junction at Paturia ferry port to connect National Highway 7 (left
bank) and National Highway 5 (right bank).
 Site 2: Dohar – Charbhadrasan: Narrow River section located at about 35 km
downstream of Site 1. Presently, there is no ferry crossing available at this site.
 Site 3: Mawa – Janjira: Narrow River section at Mawa ferry ghat to connect National
Highway 8 on both the banks. Ferry crossing is already operational.
 Site 4; Chandpur – Bhedarganj: Narrow River section located just downstream of the
Meghna – Padma junction at Chandpur to connect regional road 140 (left bank) and
180 (right bank).
9. An analyses of alternatives was carried for these four alignments based on evaluation of factors
such as river width, trip length, vehicle kilometer of normal traffic in 2025, travel time (vehicle hour
of normal traffic), distance of route from Dhaka to Mongla sea port and Benapole land port, bridge
length, connecting road, guide bund works, additional RTW, flood plain works, natural environment
and social environment. A summary of comparison of these four sites is presented in Table 6-1.

10. Based on such a comparison (as in Table 6-1), two sites (Paturia – Goalundo and Mawa-
Janjira) were short listed for further evaluation and comparative analysis. Out of these two options,
Mawa – Janjira site was finally selected based on overall considerations (see Table 6-2). From
‘environmental considerations’, it may be noted that both these sites do not pose any advantage or
disadvantage over each other.

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Figure 6-2: Alternate locations studied for the bridge site during FS

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 Table 6-1: Comparison Summary for Alternative Crossing Locations of Padma Bridge
Comparative Items Site-1: Paturia- Site-2: Dohar – Site-3: Mawa-Janjira Site-4: Chandpur -
Goalundo Charbhadrasan Bhedarganj
River width 4.8 km 4.4 km 4.9 km 2.7 km

Scale
River
1.1
Max. Depth surveyed 21 m 22 m 30 m 65 m
1. Physical Aspects

(***) (*) (***) (*)

1.2 River
Stabilit

Average River width 4.27 km 5.25 km 3.81 km 5.31 km

y (73-
’03)

Coefficient of variation 0.61 0.94 06 1.3

Max River extent1 5.20 km 8.88 km 5.24 km 9.60 km
(Comparative Advantage (***) Disadvantage (*) Advantage (***) Disadvantage (*)
Advantage)
Trip Length (TL)2 Vehicle
2.2 Bridge 2.1 Transportation Planning (Network

10,451,259 10,132,696 9,830,143 10,484,861

kilometer of normal
traffic in 2025 (vkm/day)

Travel Time (TT)3 Vehicle 220,536 203,077 184,259 223,149

Efficiency)

hour of normal traffic

Distance of route from

Dhaka to Mongla Sea 312 km 284 km 211 km 290 km
2. Technical Aspects

Port (Khulna)4 to
253 km 225 km 199 km 317 km
Benapole Land Port
(Jessore) (**) (**) (***) (*)

Bridge length (indicative) Approx.6.1 km with Approx.9.6 km with Approx.6.1 km with guide Approx.10.8 km with
Planning

guide bunds guide bunds bunds guide bunds

Depth of Bearing Strata 90 m or more 70 m or more 80 m or more 80 m or more
(assumed) (***) (*) (***) (*)
Approach Road Length5 11 km 48 km 13 km 22 km
2.3 Highway
Planning

Connection Roads N5 and N7 N8 and N84 Both N8 (to Asian Highway R140 and R360
(**) (*) A1) (*)
(***)

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 Comparative Items Site-1: Paturia- Site-2: Dohar – Site-3: Mawa-Janjira Site-4: Chandpur -
Goalundo Charbhadrasan Bhedarganj
Guide bund works No significant No significant No significant difference No significant difference

Training Work
difference difference Less works anticipated More works anticipated
2.4 River
Additional RTW Less works anticipated More works Less works anticipated More works anticipated
Less works anticipated anticipated
More works
Flood plain works
anticipated
(Comparative Advantage (***) Disadvantage (*) Advantage (***) Disadvantage (*)
Advantage)
3.1 Natural environmental Less risk of erosion Greater risk of erosion Less risk of erosion and Greater risk of erosion
3. Environmental and Social

impacts and siltation, impact and siltation, more siltation, impact on water and siltation, more
on water bodies and impact on water bodies and fisheries. impact on water
fisheries. (**) bodies and fisheries. (**) bodies and fisheries.
(*) (*)
Aspects

3.2 Social impacts More loss of Highest land More loss of homestead, Economic activities are
homestead and acquisition and income, and split of higher, more
income agricultural losses communities business loss
(**) (*) (**) (*)
(Comparative Advantage Disadvantage Advantage Disadvantage
Advantage)
OVERALL EVALUATION Advantage Disadvantage Advantage Disadvantage
Project Cost (reference Less costly Much costly Less costly Much costly
only)
Source: Feasibility Study Report, JICA 2005
Notes:
a) Evaluation: Evaluation was made first with marks “*** (very good)”, “** (good)”, and “* (fair)” for respective items under each aspect. Then, the evaluation with terms of
“Advantage” or “Disadvantage” for respective aspects was given based on the marks given to each item. Finally two alternative sites for further study were selected as a
result of overall evaluation based on the evaluation results by aspects. The site marked as “Disadvantage” is judged relatively disadvantageous among the four sites, but this
does not mean the site is not appropriate for bridge crossing.
b) Definitions and explanations of terms:
1. Max. River extent: Width between extra limit of left and right banks during past 30 years.
2. Trip length (TL) is the total length of road that vehicles must travel to reach their final destination when routed through a particular bridge location. The product of the
total distance and the number of vehicles using the routes provides the weighted vehicle kilometer (vkm) value. The higher values of vkm are disadvantageous as they
mean comparatively longer traveling distances are necessary.
3. Travel time (TT) is the time to reach final destinations when routed through a particular bridge location, and the higher values represent longer times to reach
destinations.

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 4. For reference information: Distance from Dhaka to Chittagong Sea Port is 264 km (source: RHD).
5. Approach road: Road to be constructed to connect the existing access road and bridge abutment to the national network.
c) Abbreviations: d/s: downstream, jct.: confluence, LBS: left bank side, RBS: right bank side, N and R given to the road numbers indicate national and regional highways,
respectively.

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 Table 6-2: Evaluation Criteria for two shortlisted alignments
Evaluation Criteria Paturia - Goalundo Mawa – Janjira
Future Traffic Year = 2015 10,300 vehicles/day 21,260 vehicles/day
Demand Year = 2025 19,850 vehicles/day 41,550 vehicles/day
EIRR 9.6 % 16.9 %
Economic Feasibility B/C Ratio 0.71 1.81
NPV (Million TK) - 9,857 23,140
Financial Project Cost (Indicative) 1.49 billion US$ 1.15 billion US$
Travel Time
Improvement of
Dhaka – Mongla 4.5 hours 3.6 hours
Accessibility
Dhaka - Benapole 4.6 hours 3.6 hours
Density of Population from Dhaka
Beneficiary Within 3 hours 2,791,000 (9%) 10,417,000 (35%)
population Within 4 hours 12,738,000 (42%) 22,247,000 (74%)
Asian Highway Route
No. A-1.
Short distance to
Formation of International Road Network
Benapole Land
Port and Mongla
Sea Port.
Regional Economic Increase of GRDP of 18% up 35% up
Development Southwest Region (1.2% per year) (2.3% per year)
Growth Centers around the Bridge Site No big difference
Greater threat of Less erosion and
Erosion and siltation
erosion and siltation. siltation
More impact on
Less impact on
Fish and aquatic life fisheries and aquatic
aquatic life
life.
Environmental Less impact on
Income loss More income loss.
Impact income loss
Homestead loss Less homestead loss More homestead loss.
More loss of water Less loss of water
Water body loss
bodies. bodies.
Less impact on the More split of
Community split
split of community communities.
Land acquisition (ha) 1,239 1,272
Households requiring
1,842 2,635
relocation
Social Impact and Community structures
18 60
Resettlement Issues affected
Number of affected
8,732 13,204
person
Preliminary RAP cost 23.7 million US$ 38.79 million US$
Source: Feasibility Study Report, JICA 2005

11. A brief description of both these sites is presented below focussing on some key features of the
areas.

6.4.1.1 Mawa-Janjira Site

12. Mawa landing site is located at Chanderbari village and Wari village under Kumarbhog union close
to Shimulia bazar under Lauhajang upazila in Munshiganj district. This is about 2 km downward from the
existing Mawa ferry ghat. People of Kumarbhog union are comparatively prosperous than other sites.

6-8
Overall all households have sanitary toilet but 90% tubewell water are found Arsenic contaminated.
There are primary school and high school. Field investigation also indicated that mosques and
madrasas are present. Adjacent to the proposed landing site a large char is developed along the Padma
River within Lauhajang, Dheutia and Kumarbhog unions. This char area is inundated during monsoon
but during dry season approximate 20-25 families used to live on the Charland temporarily. Economic
condition of this people is not good. Paddy, potatoes and nut are major crops in the Charland. Upstream
of this location Srinagar bazar area was flooded during 1988 and 1998 flood and existing road was
inundated up to about 1.0 m. The flood duration was about 1.5 month. A khal/canal passes near the
bazar area and join with the Padma River about 6 km downstream. The major crops are Irri rice, Aman
rice and vegetables. There are isolated bank erosions in the upstream close to the Jashaldia and
Kabutarkhola in the left bank. However, left bank is more stable compared with the right bank.
13. Janjira landing site is located at Majhirkandi village, Piyenpara mauza, Purbo Naodoba union,
Janjira upazila under Shariatpur district. Along the riverbanks the villages are eroding each year by the
Padma bank erosion. Tidal influence in this area is about 6 inches between high and low tides. Local
people are poor and destitute due to riverbank erosion. A few settlements are grown up here. Field
investigation indicated that a few households have sanitation toilets. Major crops are chilly, tomato,
paddy and nut. Bangladesh Forest Department and some NGOs are started afforestation
program/community forestation along the riverbanks. During 1988 and 1998 flood, all homesteads and
lands were inundated about 1.0m. The flood duration was about 1.0 month.

6.4.1.2 Paturia-Goalundo Site

14. The Paturia landing site is situated about 2 km downstream from the Paturia ferry crossing in
villages named Dorikandi and Noakandi, at Arua union under Shibalaya upazila in Manikganj district.
Proposed landing site is marked about 1 and half km away from main river stream. Dorikhandi khal is
located near the river and Ichamati River is located at about 0.5 km east side and connected with the
main Padma stream at about 15 km downstream. Low lying inundated agricultural floodplain lands
observed along the main river. Major cropping pattern is paddy (IRRI rice), nut, potatoes and vegetable.
Farming is main occupation of the people in this area. An old mosque is located at a close distance from
the marked pillar of the proposed site. A number of homesteads are developed within the village. A few
Hindu families are living in this village and two temples are observed. There is no high school or college.
Only one primary school is located about 1 km away from the proposed site. Sanitary toilet was not
found in any homestead within the village. Some tubewell waters are identified as Arsenic
contaminated. Dense vegetation, homestead trees (fruit and timber), bamboo bush, date fruit are grown
within the area. During 1988 and 1998 flood all villages was inundated under about 0.75 m water. The
flood duration was about 3.0 months. Except rural kacha road, no other road is present in this area. It
was informed that huge number of migratory birds comes to this place and there is a Natural Resources
Management Project in this area operated by International Conservation Union (IUCN). Paturia side is
more erosion prone.
15. The Gualundo landing site is located at Hasenmollapara village and Uttar Daulatdia village, Char
Dauladia union in Gualundo upazila under Rajbari district. This site is about 3 km away from Gualundo
ferry crossing. During field visit the Padma River is found about 2 and half km away from this village.
One large wetland (beel) is located in between this village and Padma River bank char. The main river
stream is behind this char. This Charland is cultivable. Major crops are Irri rice, Aman rice, nut and
vegetables. There is no primary school, high school, college, mosque and other religious institution
within the area. One primary school is located far away at Gualundo growth center. Agriculture is main
occupation of the people in this area. Some people are involved in rickshaw pulling and small business
such as grocery shops, stationary shops and restaurants at the Gualundo ferry ghat. Sanitary toilet is
not found in any homestead within the village. Five percent of the tubewell water is identified as Arsenic
contamination. The area was flooded during 1988 and 1998 flood, the earthen road near this location
(village approach road) was inundated about 1.5 m and flood duration was about 2.0 months. Usually
the area flooded every year during monsoon and inundated about 0.5 m. About 12 km long BWDB
embankment is located 4 km away from the proposed site at Gualundo. There are signs of erosion in
Goalundo side, but the rate of erosion has been slowed down.

16. At the conclusion of the various physical, technical, hydraulic, transport, and socio-environmental
studies, the Feasibility Study Team decided in favor of Mawa-Janjira over Paturia-Goalundo as the final

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site for the construction of the proposed bridge. For Mawa-Janjira, the traffic forecast was much higher
compared Paturia-Goalundo. Similarly, the rate of return was also in favor of Mawa site. Despite
potentially larger social impacts in terms of population displacement at the Mawa-Janjira site, the site
was favored due to higher bankline stability, based on a temporal study of riverine system and bankline
changes in the floodplain. It was considered that the impact could be minimized through adopting
options such as adjustment of technical design and consultation with the affected communities. The
Government of Bangladesh (GOB) approved the recommendation of the Study Team. So, Mawa-Janjira
was confirmed as the location for the future bridge construction.

6.4.2 Type of Bridge

17. The FS considered a range of superstructures with span lengths between 100m and 250m and
concluded that concrete superstructures are generally of lower construction cost. Consequently three
superstructure forms comprising concrete were further considered:

 Prestressed concrete box girder;

 Prestressed concrete extradosed girder;
 Prestressed concrete cable-stayed girder
18. The optimal superstructure and span length in FS were determined on the basis of the highway
loadings – the result being a 180m span concrete extradosed girder. This design was then modified to
include the railway loading.

6.5 Alternative Analysis during Detailed Design

6.5.1 Design of Main Bridge

19. For a combined road and rail bridge, two options exist for how the road and rail can be
accommodated. The FS proposed to combine both road and rail on the same upper deck level of a
concrete box girder. In the design stage, other possible option, i.e. to accommodate rail and road on two
levels (upper and lower), of a bridge has been studied. Hence, the proposed bridge type in the FS
(single level bridge - extradosed concrete girder) was further compared with the following four possible
options during initial stages of the detailed design.

 Option 1: Single level bridge - variable depth concrete twin cell box girder;
 Option 2: Two level bridge - steel truss acting compositely with concrete upper deck;
 Option 3: Two level bridge - variable depth concrete twin-box girders built precast
segmental and central railway envelop built in situ, with sheltered utility envelopes;
 Option 4: two level bridges - constant depth single cell concrete box girder with side struts
supporting thin cantilever wings, all precast segmental, with exposed utility envelopes.
20. In the interim scheme design, the Consultant studied all the above options and found that concrete
bridges are generally more expensive for same lengths of spans and requires more construction time.
Hence a two level steel truss bridge is recommended in the interim scheme design.

21. In the scheme design, two-level steel truss bridge was considered for further analysis for
comparison with FS option, while offering substantiating information on the basis of the scheme
selection. Specifically, it addresses:

 The extradosed concrete box girder scheme developed in the Feasibility Study – description of
the design criteria adopted at that time, basis for selection of the preferred concept,
consideration of rail and satisfaction of the rail design requirements;
 Subsequent development of the Design Criteria in the detail design process – particularly the
increase in highway and rail loadings;

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  Development of a viable concrete superstructure scheme including construction cost for the
major structural elements;
 Development of the two-level composite steel superstructure scheme including construction
cost for the major structural elements.
 Comparison of the above two schemes using construction costs and other criteria.
22. The present study focuses on above two options. The Table 6-3 gives comparison and analysis of
both of these bridge options based on the criterion given in the framework of alternative analysis.

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Table 6-3: Comparison of concrete extradosed and steel truss bridges
Concrete Extradosed Bridge Steel Truss Bridge
View of Superstructure

Description A prestressed concrete extradosed bridge with both road A composite steel truss bridge with the road on the upper level
and rail are located on the same upper deck. Rail track is and the rail at the lower level. Rail line is located on the centre of
located at the centre while two road carriage ways are the lower deck while associated facilities such as gas and cable
located on both sides. Associated facilities such as gas lines are located on the lower deck on either side of the rail line.
and cable lines are located at the bottom of the deck. The lower deck is steel, while the upper deck is concrete. Total
According to FS, length of the bridge is 5.58 m with span length of the bridge is 6.15 km with a span length of 150 m and
lengths varying from 60 m to 180m and total piers are total piers of 41. The span length is 150m and overall depth is
44. But for the purpose of the comparison with the steel 13.6m, the span-to-depth ratio is 11, which is typical for steel truss
bridge, the length of the bridge is considered as 6.15 km structure. The truss depth of 13.6m is more than adequate in
and all quantities and estimates are extrapolated accommodating the vertical clearance in the railway envelope
accordingly.
Technical Robustness
Structural Efficiency Structurally less efficient. Structurally more efficient.
Two carriageways, rail envelops and major services are A two level structure provides the opportunity for a more compact
provided in the upper deck level with a resultant overall cross section solution. With overall width of only 22.5 m, it can be
width of With a deck width of 33.5m. A wider structure is considered a more efficient deck structure.
less structurally efficient solution and generally leads to
wide pier column.
Superstructure Concrete structure Lower level steel structure and upper level concrete structure.
Substructure Concrete box type pier. Tubular steel pier.

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 Concrete Extradosed Bridge Steel Truss Bridge
large diameter reinforced concrete bored piles, with steel The piles will either be hollow steel tubes driven into the River bed
sleeve above River bed level or bored cast in situ concrete piles
Total number of piles for similar 572 336
pile capacity (97 MN) and pier
length (103 m)
Impact on the foundation Significant Impact. Less Impact
design
The increased dead weight loading because of more Light superstructure due to less number of piles.
number of piles has a significant impact on the
foundation design
Accommodation of services Provided under the deck Provided in the lower deck.
The 30 inch diameter gas main can be supported under The 30 inch diameter gas main can be supported on the lower
the cantilevered section of the deck (similar to Jamuna). level of the truss adjacent to the rail line. Access for maintenance
is easily provided.
With the extradosed cables, the high voltage electrical
cables cannot be supported on overhead masts and will The high voltage electrical cables can be supported either on
be required to be supported on extensions of the deck overhead masts or within the truss at the lower level on the other
cantilever on the opposite side to the gas main. side to the gas main.
Overall length (including length Higher, total 16,613 m. 828 m excess to other option. Less, total 15,785m.
of the bridge and viaducts)
The length of transition structure (approach viaducts) is
controlled by road vertical alignment (4%) necessary to
achieve the desired vertical navigational clearances and
the maximum permissible rail grade (0.5%).
Main bridge, m 6,150 6,150
Northern abutment (m):
Rail viaduct – northern end 3,583 2,789
Northbound road way 765 955
Southbound road way 887 1,077
Southern Abutment (m):
Rail viaduct – southern end 3,693 2,899
Northbound road way 785 975
Southbound road way 750 940

Total, m 16,613 15, 785

Railway performance The vertical deflection is estimated at 306mm under For traffic loading the deflection at midspan is 88mm, for railway

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 Concrete Extradosed Bridge Steel Truss Bridge
requirements permanent loads and 598mm under permanent and live loading it is 77mm, giving a combined figure of 165mm which is
loads. Therefore the live load deflection is 283mm, within significantly less than the span/500 requirement.
the limit of 300mm (span/500)
Constructability
Construction program 6 years 3 years
Total construction period of the Bridge will be about 6 The total construction can be completed in 3 years by carefully
years. The foundation construction will take longer planning and implementing the logistics and activities. The
(about 30 months) due to the additional piles, but the construction of the foundations takes about 28 months. The steel
main delays will be due to the construction of the deck. trusses are fabricated and assembled off-site and therefore many
activities can run in parallel, benefiting the construction
programme
Ease of construction Laborious construction Easy construction
Ease of construction of composite steel truss bridge is one of the
main advantages over the extradosed concrete bridge. The steel
trusses can be fabricated by welding members in the controlled
environment of a yard thus ensuring quality while permitting
simultaneous construction of a number of trusses at the same
time. The trusses can be fabricated at a single location or at
multiple locations.
Maintenance
Inspection and maintenance Complex Easy
access provisions
A travelling maintenance trolley system is required to A travelling maintenance trolley system will be relatively simple
provide access to the external faces of the concrete ox because of the ease of mounting off the steel truss.
girder and cable anchorages. This trolley system would
be a complex and sizeable piece of equipment.
Operational Issues Have several disadvantages. No disadvantage.
In order to carry out maintenance of the railway, access With the railway running on the lower deck there is adequate
will be required from the fast lanes of the highway. space within the truss to provide walkways both for emergency
Consequently any maintenance will require lane closures and maintenance use. If a train is evacuated the passengers will
on the highway disrupting traffic flows. walk along the emergency walkways to either of the bridge ends.
Emergency accesses to the top deck and the piers can also be
For a long bridge there will likely be accidents and
provided although under normal conditions these accesses would
maintenance required to the carriageways. It is

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 Concrete Extradosed Bridge Steel Truss Bridge
convenient to transfer traffic to the opposite carriageway not be available.
acting as a contra-flow. This can be achieved for
To aid evacuating passengers, and to enable maintenance
adjacent carriageways by incorporating breaks in the
workers to move along the bridge, walkways each side of the track
median which can be opened or closed as required. If
and upper deck will be provided. The walkway will be one meter
the railway is between the carriageways this is no longer
wide and 1.22 meters above the rail level so it is near level with a
an option.
passenger car floor. The walkway is also located beyond the fixed
If for some reason (fire, train breakdown etc.) a train structure gauge
needs to be evacuated, passengers should be kept away
from the live highway. On a single level structure it will
be difficult to ensure this is the case.
Durability Durability of the concrete works is achieved through the Durability of the steelwork is provided by the specification of a
design of the concrete mix design, sufficient allowance proven, robust protective coating system.
for clear cover to the reinforcement and controls on
While it is true that the paint system of the bridge will need to be
placement and compaction of the concrete.
maintained, by carefully choosing the coating system (such as
Durability of the extradosed cables is provided by zinc rich parameters), this cost can be minimized. From previous
specification of sufficient levels of protection of the cable research and case studies, the use of zinc coatings can increase
elements. periods between reapplication to 20 years or greater
Safety Not safe. Easy access to gas pipeline and hence Safe as it provides restricted access to gas pipeline.
opportunities for terrorism and sabotage

Cost
Construction cost estimate US $ 953.9 M US $ 790.9 M
O&M cost estimate US $ 52.4 M (for maintenance requirements) US $ 59.8 M
Total cost of Bridge US $ 1.007.3 M US $ 850.7 M
Cost of Viaducts (both rail and US $ 193 M US $ 176 M
road)
Social & Resettlement
Employment More labor intensive Less labor use
Environment
Impacts on River ecology More Less
Due to the longer construction period major impacts will Fewer disturbances on the River ecology due to the shorter

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 Concrete Extradosed Bridge Steel Truss Bridge
be anticipated on the River ecology and aquatic construction period.
ecosystem.
Extensive site welding will be required which will generate toxic
Cast-in-place construction may increase the silt load due fumes, gas, noise and radiations. Welding will also pose safety
to disposal of debris and possibility of pump or unload threat to the workers if proper safety procedure is not followed.
concrete into the River. However, Pre-cast segmental
construction will reduce impacts on the River.
Fisheries and other aquatic life More impact due to construction of more number (572) of Less impact due to construction of lesser number (334) of piles.
piles and more construction period. Hilsa migrates from the estuary to upstream through an average of
10m deep channel. In addition, other aquatic habitats (dolphin) in
Padma use the river for migration and breeding purpose. Based
on the 2008 and 2009 bathymetric survey at the bridge site, there
are two juvenile Hilsa migration routes in Padma River. At bridge
site, juvenile Hilsa migration takes place between March and May
and breeding period of Gangetic dolphin is April-July. Both Hilsa
and dolphin are very sensitive to noise and vibration. Therefore,
construction activities generating huge noise and vibration should
be restricted in channels with certain depth specific time of the
year.
Material Quantity of Super Concrete quantity 181,641 m3 Concrete quantity 72,000 m3
Structure
Steel quantity 84,400 t
Dredging Dredging is required for bringing of heavy construction More dredging may be required for bringing construction
equipment to bridge sites. equipment (barge) as well as transporting steel by large ship to
the bridge site.
Aesthetics The extradosed girder scheme would provide a striking The appearance of the composite steel truss would appear
appearance with cables extending above the deck level. slender and elegant with an open view through the truss. The
The concrete box girder would be similar in appearance structural form of the composite steel truss would be quite different
to other large bridges in Bangladesh. to other large bridges in Bangladesh.
Noise Generate less noise during operation Generate more noise during operation
Proven Previous Use There are many examples of extradosed concrete Most long span combined road and rail bridges have been
girders for highway bridges. There are few examples of constructed using two level composite steel truss superstructures.
extradosed concrete bridges for railway applications and This is primarily because of the benefit achieved from the flexural
these are for lighter passenger rail (Japanese stiffness associated with the depth of structure. There are many
Shinkansen rail). No experience and knowledge of an examples around the world of bridges comprising combined road

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 Concrete Extradosed Bridge Steel Truss Bridge
extradosed concrete girder bridge carrying combined and rail bridges where the highway runs on the top deck and the
road and heavy rail. railway on the lower deck.

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 6.5.2 Design of Transition Structures
23. In the transition section, the railway alignment is required to be separate from the road alignment
in order to minimise the length of the viaduct structures. Two alternative options have been developed
to achieve this separation. Option H1 considers separating the road into two carriageways and
passing one of these carriageways below the railway viaduct. Option H2 considers passing the whole
road carriageway over the top of the railway viaduct to separate the alignment. A comparison of these
two alternatives is presented in Table 6-4.

Table 6-4: Comparison of Transition Structures

Option H1 Option H2
View of transition
structure

Alignment Option H1 separates the northbound Option H2 carries both road

and southbound carriageways into two carriageways over the top of the
separate viaducts which split outwards railway viaduct to separate the
on a horizontal curve to a point where alignment.
the extents of the road viaduct structure
are clear of the extents of the railway
clearance envelope.
Structural Arrangement Option can accommodate different Complex pier and headstock
structural bridge forms arrangements
Geometrical design Issues with sight distances due to tight No geometrical design issues.
horizontal curves and the underpass
Clearance No Restrictions Restrictions. Clearance required
requirements above the railway corridor for beam
and slab structure and the supporting
pier headstock. This may restrict the
utilisation of the space above the
railway corridor in the main bridge for
services and utilities
Cost Less, due to minimum length of viaduct More
structure
Land Acquisition Both road and rail right-of-way Less right-of-way requirements, 5
requirements will be more, about 12 to hectares
13 hectares.
Environment/Aesthetics Very pleasing. Obstructed view.
The viaducts are also located over land The road user is unable to get a view
and are readily visible to the of the main bridge as they approach
surrounding areas and the local towards the bridge
communities

6.5.3 Modifications of Feasibility Design: Bridge End Facilities & Navigation Clearance
24. The proposed bridge length in the FS was 5.58 km, while in the detail design the bridge length is
increased to 6.15 km to accommodate the present river width, which was widened due to the river

6-18
erosion at the Janjira side. Due to the increase of the length of the bridge, the original bridge end
facilities such as service area and construction yard are to be relocated on Janjira side. This has
resulted into more requisition of land (about 78ha) than originally planned during FS stage. The
alignment for the approach road with associated structures has not been changed from the feasibility
study alignment except the dimensions (23.6m width). Some features of the structures have been
updated based on the detailed hydrological investigation and climate change considerations.

25. The navigation clearance and provisions adopted for FS were also updated during design stage
based on the analysis of satellite imageries of last 41 years. The Padma River is classified as a
Class I Waterway and in accordance with the Bangladesh Inland Waterway Transport Authority
(BIWTA) standards, the navigational clearance is required to be (18.3m) vertically and 250ft (76.2m)
horizontally.

26. Twenty one years of satellite images at the bridge crossing, between 1967 and 2009, were
reviewed to assess the effect of channel shifting on the location of the channel. A comparison of
these images confirms that it is not possible to fix the navigation channel at a single location.
Furthermore, chars and islands can develop at both the north bank (referring to the imageries of 2001
and 2002) and south side of the River (referring to the imageries of 2005 to 2009), which would
obstruct navigation, although the channel has been more persistent on the north side. Therefore,
navigation has always been possible near the centre of the channel, and by centering the raised
section of the bridge between the two abutments, this condition will most likely continue. Hence, the
following navigational clearances have been adopted for the Main Bridge:

 Minimum horizontal clearance of 76.2m;

 Minimum vertical clearance above Standard High Water Level (SHWL) of 18.3m;
 Provision of 18.3m vertical clearance over 4800m of bridge centred about the bridge
abutments.

27. The FS suggested navigational clearances for secondary waterways as 20m horizontally and 5m
vertically, except for the 30m span bridge at Km 25+430 (chainage), where the requirement for vertical
clearance was 2 m. During the design stage, the navigation clearance for secondary waterways is
revised to 20 m horizontally and 5.4m vertically above SHWL (+5.81m PWD), except for the one
located at Km 25+ 430 for which it is 2.4m.

28. A provisional allowance of 0.4m has been added to the navigational clearance requirements for
the Padma River and the secondary water courses considering future climate change.

6.6 River Training Works

29. The key objective of River Training Works (RTW) on both sides of the River at bridge location is
to protect the river bank from erosion so that the bridge, approach roads and railways can remain
integrated and functional during the operation and maintenance phase of the Project. For the north
bank at Mawa, the risk of erosion is estimated to very low and hence only modifications and
refinement of FS suggested RTW option is recommended without conducting any alternative analysis.
However for south bank at Janjira, due its vulnerability to frequent erosion, various alternatives are
developed with preliminary hydraulic and morphological analysis and presented to the BBA and POE
for discussion. Based on these discussions, finally the following 3 alternatives are considered for
detailed analysis.
6.6.1 Alternative 1 - Revetment on Bank of Southside Channel
30. A revetment (updated Feasibility Study concept) can meet the key objective of the RTW and can
integrate the protection of the main bridge, end facilities, viaduct and approach road in a single
solution. The 2 km section near the bridge will be raised above the flood level to prevent overtopping
or outflanking from floodplain flows (Figure 6-3). The ground near the viaducts will also be raised
above the flood level as part of other plans associated with the end facilities. The revetment will need
to extend upstream (west) along the existing bank of the south side channel to the end of the project
near Char Janajat. The overall total length of protection is about 12.53 km. For the upstream 6 km

6-19
reach, the top of the revetment can be set at the existing river bank level, so the structure will not
interfere with over bank flows, drainage or navigation.

Figure 6-3: Alternative 1: Revetment on bank of south channel

6.6.2 Alternative 2 - : Guide Bund and Upstream Hard Points on South Bank
31. Based on the past experience at Jamuna Bridge and other bridge crossings in the Indian sub-
continent, a guide bund could be used to protect the main bridge and viaduct structures (Figure 6-4).
To protect the river attack on the new approach roads, two hard points are provided on the upstream.
The hard points will reduce the risk of the river outflanking the RTW near main bridge and viaduct
structures. The crest elevation of the hard points needs to be above the design high water level to
prevent over tapping. These hard points will not prevent bank erosion between the two hard points and
between the hard point and guide bund.

6-20
 Figure 6-4: Alternative 2: Guide bund and hard points on bank of south channel
6.6.3 Alternative 2 Modified – Hard points in Char:
32. Alternative 2 Modified is an optimization of Alternative 2 by shifting of the two hard points across
the south channel on the char, while the guide bund at the main bridge is unchanged from Alternative
2 (Figure 6-5). The hard points need to be connected to the approach road along the south bank by
cross dams in order to prevent flow passing behind the structures. Therefore existing side channel and
flood plain would be permanently blocked.

Figure 6-5: Alternative 2 Modified: Guidebund and hardpoints on char

6-21
33. An extensive alternative analysis has been carried out for all these options and readers are
requested to refer ‘RTW Final Scheme Design Report’ if they are interested to know detailed technical
information of all these options. The analysis of RTW options is presented in Table 6-5.

6-22
 Table 6-5: Alternate analysis of RTW
Criterion Alternative 1 Alternative 2 Alternative 2 modified
Revetment along bank Guide bund & hard points on Guide bund on bank, hard points on
bank char
Salient Features
Length of RTW works 12.53 km total 9.55 km total 11.19 km total
At Bridge: 6.83 km At Bridge: 5.5 km At Bridge: 5.50 km
Along bank: 5.70 km Along bank (hard points): 4.05 km On Char: 2.02 km (hard point) + 3.67
km (guide bund)
Embankments At Bridge: 4.28 km At Bridge: 4.25 km At Bridge: 4.25 km
Along road: 2.18 km Along road: 3.44 km
Cross dams: 2.98 km Cross dams: 6.62 km
Foot Print Area 378 ha 334 ha 403 ha
Guiding Revetment: 244 ha Downstream Guide bund: 208ha Downstream Guide bund: 208ha
Upstream Revetment: 134 ha Upstream Hard Points: 63 ha Upstream Hard Points: 132 ha
Downstream Hard Point: 63 ha Downstream Hard Point: 63 ha
Robustness
Geotechnical vulnerability Low risk Moderate risk High risk
(The risk of damage associated with The geotechnical risk is generally low Geotechnical risks are high for Geotechnical risks are high for
geotechnical conditions encountered at for revetments or less curved guide curved hard points. This structure curved hard points. This structure
the site and general geotechnical slope bunds. This structure requires 1 requires 3 upstream and requires 3 upstream and
stability of chosen structural upstream and downstream curvature. downstream curvatures. downstream curvatures.
interventions) Additionally the risk of failure is high
due to construction of hard points in
unstable soils of chars.

Scour at bridge Scour estimates at the bridge Scour at bridge influenced by Flow approaching bridge is
(The risk of deep combined scour under foundations includes (i) natural scour, more angular flow along south straightened by two offshore hard
the bridge, resulting from RTW and local (ii) scour induced from piers, and (iii) bank, estimated -55 m PWD plus points, resulting in less angular flow
structural scour) scours resulting from influence of RTW pier along south bank.
works. More angular flow at RTW along
south bank will influence the scour at
bridge which is estimated at -47 m PWD
plus pier

6-23
Criterion Alternative 1 Alternative 2 Alternative 2 modified
Revetment along bank Guide bund & hard points on Guide bund on bank, hard points on
bank char
Scour alongside RTW Low scour potential due to consistent Higher scour potential due to Higher exposure than A1 and A2 but
guidance of flow multiple upstream flow better than A2 due to better
(The risk of deep scour alongside the The sour behaviour along the river bank terminations prone to outflanking. upstream hard point despite more
depends on a number of factors and In addition, guide bund will be frequent and longer attack
RTW, which increases the risk to the
type of RTW structure. Based on periodically subject to river attack
overall stability)
comparison of existing data in and exposed to additional local
Bangladesh, the scour during one flood scour in comparison with
season associated with revetments is revetment option.
half the depth of scour along the
protruding structures.
Hydraulic Performance
Streamlined flow at bridge Guide and control the flow largely Guide the flow to a certain extent, Effectively control and streamline the
(The primary purpose of the RTW is to parallel to bank but generate more turbulent flow flow through the bridge opening for
guide and control the approach flow so it near RTW all potential future situations.
will pass smoothly under the bridge)
Response to critical flow Revetments are associated with low Short structures are associated Short structures are associated with
(The RTW should not create turbulences and the scour rates and with locally very turbulent flow locally very turbulent flow and double
unacceptable velocities, turbulences, or depths are generally half of the hard and double the scour rates and the scour rates and depths of
scour under extreme scour conditions points. depths of revetments revetments
when subject to critical approach flow
conditions)
Outflanking possibility Moderate High Less
(The sensitivity of the RTW to outflanking Outflanking at upstream end is distant Outflanking risk at three locations Outflanking is set back far from road
flow and the distance of the outflanking from the bridge but future upstream and closer to the bridge and and critical structures, protects
from the main bridge) extension required to protect road future upstream extension portions of existing road outside
required to protect existing road project
Downstream impact Less More Less
(The RTW should not induce significant Parallel flow along existing long Limited length of upstream Flow straightened out by upstream
long-term changes to the downstream protected bank causes minimal impact structures is associated with structures minimizes downstream
morphology of the River) additional erosion downstream of impacts
the work
Upstream impact Continuous revetment along the existing Protection along the existing bank Protection along the existing bank is

6-24
Criterion Alternative 1 Alternative 2 Alternative 2 modified
Revetment along bank Guide bund & hard points on Guide bund on bank, hard points on
bank char
(The impact on the upstream river, bank does not cause significant is not associated with major not associated with major upstream
notably water levels due to backwater upstream impact upstream impact impact
and changes to the flow passing down
the Arial Khan distributaries channel)
Prevent bank erosion at key project Protect all key project components and Protects only key project Protects both key project
location river bank due to complete continuous components not the river bank components and river bank.
(Effectiveness in preventing bank erosion revetment along the bank due to discontinuous revetment,
in the vicinity of the Project as well as which creates local bank erosion.
existing roads and infrastructure.)
Constructability
Flexibility to river changes More flexibility. Less flexibility. Very less flexibility.
(The flexibility to change the RTW design It is easier to adjust alignment of Adjustment of alignment and In addition to the adjustment of
to the future river changes in coming revetment. orientation at bridge require alignment and orientation at bridge,
floods to maintain the construction higher efforts but manageable the adjustment of alignment in Char
schedule as planned) would be difficult
Schedule Slightly longer schedule and therefore Shorter schedule due to slightly Similar schedule to revetment with
(The operational complexity involving slightly higher risk less work and therefore slightly more dredging in unstable char
current-free working conditions to control reduced risk environment
scour and sedimentation, and the
number of seasons required)
Maintenance Requirements
Frequency of Maintenance Less More More
(The expected time intervals and duration Due to parallel flow less frequent and Due to more turbulent flow more Similar to Alternative 2
of periodic maintenance, which is less extensive than for guide bund frequent and longer than for
required after exceptional events or revetment
during periods of persistent attack)
Maintenance cost 47 million 76 million 94 million
(The expected maintenance cost during
the lifetime of the work, expressed as net
present value, discounted at 12%.)
Cost

6-25
Criterion Alternative 1 Alternative 2 Alternative 2 modified
Revetment along bank Guide bund & hard points on Guide bund on bank, hard points on
bank char
Investment cost 600 million 527 million 620.7 million
North bank 44 million North bank 44 million North bank 44 million
South bank 556 million South bank 483 million South bank 577 million
Social and Resettlement
Land acquisition for RTW 88 ha flood plain land 137 ha flood plain land 95 ha flood plain land
290 ha in river 213 ha in river 195 ha char land
152 ha in river
880 ha land will be filled
Access restriction to navigation and river Access along 13 km of guiding Access along 10 km of guiding Access along 13 km of guiding
bank revetment will be affected during revetment will be affected during revetment will be affected during
construction. construction. construction.
New arrangements have to be made
and additional distances to be travelled.

Displacement due to future river bank No additional erosion due to full Additional possible erosion from Additional expected erosion from
erosion. protection outflanking of 725 ha between outflanking of 770 ha between
protected areas protected areas

Environment
Construction impacts with immediate Increased turbidity associated with 34 M Increased turbidity associated Increased turbidity associated with
consequence m³ of dredging and dredge spoil with 33 M m³ of dredging and 42 M m³ of dredging.
(Short term impacts arising from disposal. dredge spoil disposal However turbidity associated with
construction activities that arise despite The increased turbidity due to dredging the dredge spoil disposal will be less
mitigation measures) is not considered problematic since total as the spoils will be partially used for
annual amount of dredging is in the reclamation purposes.
order of 15 M m³ over two seasons (for
alternative 1 and 2) only amounts to
around 2.7% of the Padma’s total
annual sediment transport of 1 Billion
tons or 555 M m³. As such dredging
has no major short-term impact on the

6-26
Criterion Alternative 1 Alternative 2 Alternative 2 modified
Revetment along bank Guide bund & hard points on Guide bund on bank, hard points on
bank char
river morphology and any long-term
impact would be masked by natural
changes depending on the annually
changing flood characteristics.

Construction impacts with longer term Same for all alternatives Same for all alternatives Same for all alternatives
consequence It is estimated that while in about half
(Change in land-use and loss of habitat the cases the fertile topsoil can be
as a consequence of filling floodplain stockpiled and placed over the fill after
areas used for construction works above construction ends; it will not be practical
flood levels) for the rest of the areas, especially
those used for construction yards and
leased on an ad-hoc basis. Here the fill
remains as infertile sand resulting from
dredge spoil, which does not encourage
re-growth of the original habitat.

Long term impact on floodplain ecology 190 ha of flood plain land will be lost for 120 ha of floodplain land used for 52 ha floodplain land and 197 ha
(Long term impacts on the floodplain RTW. RTW. char land lost for RTW.
habitat arising from the completed work Further, It is expected that about About 880 ha new land will be
despite mitigation measures) 510 ha of floodplain land will be developed due to filling of south
lost due to future erosion channel. However, there is potential
between two hard points. loss of 760 ha of Charland due to
future erosion.
Long term impact on river ecology Minimal Impact since the existing south Moderate Impact since the South channel river ecology will be
(Long term impacts on the river habitat channel will remain undisturbed and existing south channel will remain destroyed due to filling of south
arising from the completed work despite only experience slightly attracted flow undisturbed however, with channel. A new channel will be
mitigation measures) due to riverbank protection localized more turbulent river formed on char and create turbulent
environment at hard points. flow around hard points
Long term impact on floodplain hydrology No impact since distributaries that carry Impact on distributaries through Higher impact on distributaries than
(The RTW can change the flood plain floodwater to the flood plains across the high “hard points” connected to Alternative 2 with chance of
flows for example through the approach road confirmed in position. approach road and some impact temporary closure of distributaries
construction of closed embankments However, there will be some impact in in area of bridge due to and some impact in area of bridge

6-27
Criterion Alternative 1 Alternative 2 Alternative 2 modified
Revetment along bank Guide bund & hard points on Guide bund on bank, hard points on
bank char
along the riverbanks or the construction area of bridge due to embankment embankment due to embankment
of cross dams blocking the floodplain
flow.)
Long term impact on char lands No or marginal impact on natural No or marginal impact on natural Hard points on the char will induce
(The RTW can change the flow patterns erosion and accretion process erosion and accretion process immediate erosion north of the hard
and lead to char land changes different points due to diversion of existing
from the natural changes in the river. For river channel
example, long, protruding structure like If any RTW interferes with natural
hard points will change the flow pattern erosion and accretion process of
and could be associated with additional charts, all future natural erosions of
char land erosion) chars will be generally perceived as
the impact of RTW and will be
criticised by local community. The
local char community has already
expressed concerns over this
alternative.
Long term upstream impact No backwater No backwater Minor backwater effect increasing
(The RTW can change the flow patterns flooding and Arial Khan flood flows
and narrow down the river in parts, which especially during years when the
is associated with additional backwater south channel is active
effects and consequently longer flooding
periods. The backwater could further
impact on the Arial Khan flows and lead
to environmental impacts by changing
the normal situation along its course.)
Long term downstream impact 870 ha maximum erosion loss at north 870 ha maximum erosion loss at 410 ha maximum erosion loss at
(The RTW can change the flow patterns bank in area of river widening and 830 north bank in area of river north bank in area of river widening
and attract channels in a way that ha maximum erosion loss in area at widening and 830 ha maximum and 830 ha maximum erosion loss in
negatively impacts on the downstream south bank erosion loss in area at south bank area at south bank
river, namely results in higher than
natural riverbank erosion)

6-28
 6.7 Preferred Options
34. Weighted score of both the options for the main bridge is presented in Table 6-6. Weighted
summation of score for composite steel truss bridge is higher than the extradosed concrete bridge.
Hence, the steel truss bridge is considered the preferred scheme for the main bridge.

Table 6-6: Weighted Score of Main Bridge Options

Score Weighted Score
Parameter Weightage Extradosed Steel Truss Extradosed Steel Truss
Concrete Bridge Bridge Concrete Bridge Bridge
Technical Robustness 25 2 4 50 100
Constructability 20 2 4 40 80
Maintenance 10 4 2 40 20
Cost 20 2 3 40 60
Social & Resettlement 5 3 2 15 10
Environment 10 3 2 30 20
Proven Previous Use 10 2 5 20 50
Total 100 235 340

35. Weighted score of both the options for the transition structures is presented in Table 6-7. Option
H1 has the higher total weighted score. Option H1 was thus selected as the preferred transition
structure.

Table 6-7: Weighted Score of Transition Structure Options

Score Weighted Score
Parameter Weightage
Option H1 Option H2 Option H1 Option H2
Technical Robustness 20 3 2 60 40
Constructability 15 4 3 60 45
Maintenance 5 2 3 10 15
Cost 10 3 2 30 20
Social & Resettlement 20 2 4 40 80
Environment 30 4 2 120 60
Total 100 320 260

36. Weighted score of all RTW options are presented in Table 6-8. Scores for RTW options are
taken from ‘RTW Final Scheme Design Report’ and were calculated in the scale of 0 to 100.
Alternative 1, revetment along bank has the highest total weighted score and hence is considered as
the preferred option for RTW.

Table 6-8: Weighted Score of RTW Options

Score Weighted Score
Parameter Weightage Alternative Alternative Alternative Alternative Alternative Alternative
1 2 2 Modified 1 2 2 Modified
Technical
15 61 47 55 915 705 825
Robustness
Hydraulic
15 70 47 77 1,050 705 1,155
Performance
Constructability 10 55 55 30 550 550 300
Maintenance 10 65 45 40 650 450 400
Cost 15 3 15 0 45 225 0
Environment 15 59 49 45 885 735 675
Social &
20 47 36 30 940 720 600
Resettlement
Total 100 5,035 4,090 3,955

6-29
6.8 Conclusion
37. Figure 6-6 presents the preferred option for various components of the project.

Padma
Bridge

Feasiblity Study

Paturia - Dohar - Chandpur -

A. Location Mawa - Janjira
Goalundo Charbhadrasan Bhedarganj

B. Bridge Type
Concrete - Concrete -
Concrete - Box
Extradosed Cable Styled
Girder
Girder Girder

Detailed Design Stage

Analysis of each option is based on Main Bridge
1. Technical Robustness
2. Constructability
3. Maintenance
4. Cost Extradosed
5. Social & Resettlement Composite Girder
6. Environment Steel Truss (Prestressed
7. Proven Previous Use Concrete)

C. Main Bridge
Two Level Single Level
Bridge Bridge

Transition Transition
D. Transition Structures Structure - Structure -
Option H1 Option H2

Guide Bund Guide Bund

Revetment
E. River Training Works with Hard with Hard
along Bank
Points on Bank Points on Char

Note: Preferred Option:

Figure 6-6: Preferred option

6-30
38. The composite steel truss is considered the preferred superstructure scheme for the main bridge.
This scheme has the following key advantages over an extradosed concrete girder scheme:

 It has a lower estimated construction cost;

 It uses a proven form of structure for a combined road and rail bridge;
 Construction time would be reduced and is more suited to the seasonal nature of the site;
 It provides the opportunity for high quality of construction with a significant part of the work
being constructed off site;
 It best accommodates the major services to be carried on the bridge;
 It provides better safety provision by separating road from railway and utility crossings;
 It provides the most direct access for future inspection and maintenance.

39. Option H1 is the preferred horizontal alignment for the transition structure. It has the lowest cost,
aesthetically pleasing, and more flexibility in the selection of structural bridge forms and clearance
requirements.

40. Alternative 1, revetment along south bank, is the preferred scheme for RTW. The advantages of
this option compared to other options are:

 Less sensitive to future changes - (i) situated along the existing bank, (ii) leaves room for a
river with higher discharge, (iii) less sensitive to channel shifting as guiding the flow parallel to
the bank.
 Less impact on the river downstream, as opposed to solutions aggressively narrowing down
the channel.
 Lower scour depth: revetments are associated with less river depth, which means less
adaptation and maintenance as opposed to short structures.
 Less negative social impact - (i) no additional erosion between protected area and (ii) direct
access to the river along a stable bank.
 Less impact on river and floodplain ecology
 Less impact on the floodplain - no disturbance of flow patterns along upstream approach road
as revetment ends at floodplain.

6-31
 CHAPTER 7:

ASSESSMENT OF
IMPACTS/RISKS FOR
PREFERRED
ALTERNATIVES
 Table of Contents
7 Assessment of Impacts/Risks for Preferred Alternative...................... 7-1
7.1 Preamble ............................................................................................................................... 7-1
7.2 Project Related Significant Impacts ...................................................................................... 7-1
7.2.1 Pre-construction Stage............................................................................................... 7-1
7.2.2 Construction Stage ..................................................................................................... 7-8
7.2.3 Operation and Maintenance Stage........................................................................... 7-27
7.3 Project Related Significant Risks ........................................................................................ 7-33
7.3.1 Construction Stage ................................................................................................... 7-33
7.3.2 O/M Stage ................................................................................................................ 7-33
7.4 Associated, Induced, and Regional Impacts....................................................................... 7-34

List of Tables
Table 7-1: Project Affected People by Census type............................................................................. 7-2
Table 7-2: Loss of trees by all project components.............................................................................. 7-4
Table 7-3: Loss of agriculture crops by the project components.......................................................... 7-5
Table 7-4: IUCN Red List and CITES species observed in the project area ....................................... 7-5
Table 7-5: NOAA Criteria for Pile Driving and its Impact on Fish......................................................... 7-9
Table 7-6: Comparison of Noise Levels from Pile Driving Steel Pipes through Different Methods ... 7-10
Table 7-7: Quantities of materials for major components of the bridge ............................................. 7-11
Table 7-8: Construction Equipment Noise Emission Levels .............................................................. 7-14
Table 7-9: Vibration levels due to construction equipment and traffic at 30 m (99 ft) ........................ 7-15
Table 7-10: Crop production loss in the RTW right-of-way ................................................................ 7-18
Table 7-11: Landuse pattern in RTW ................................................................................................. 7-19
Table 7-12: Tree cut for construction of the approach roads. ............................................................ 7-20
Table 7-13: Crop production loss in the Approach Road and railway right-of-way ............................ 7-20
Table 7-14: Existing landuse pattern along the approach road alignment......................................... 7-21
Table 7-15: Noise generated from various construction equipment .................................................. 7-22
Table 7-16: Tree cut for construction of bridge end facilities (FS) ..................................................... 7-23
Table 7-17: Crop production loss in BEF ........................................................................................... 7-24
Table 7-18: Existing landuse pattern in the BEF................................................................................ 7-24
Table 7-19: Indicative emission of 500kw diesel powered generator. ............................................... 7-26
Table 7-20: Predicted noise level due to the railway operation.......................................................... 7-27
Table 7-21: Predicted pollutant concentrations (g/m3) along the road alignment. ........................... 7-29
Table 7-22: Predicted Emissions........................................................................................................ 7-29
Table 7-23: GHG emission from the Project intervention................................................................... 7-30
Table 7-24: Predicted noise levels (dBA) near the sensitive areas along the Project ....................... 7-30
Table 7-25: Induced Traffic................................................................................................................. 7-35
Table 7-26: Predicted noise level due to the railway operation.......................................................... 7-38
Table 7-27: Predicted vibration level along the approach railway corridor. ....................................... 7-39

List of Figures

Figure 7-1: Land loss for various project components ......................................................................... 7-3

7-i
Figure 7-2: Distribution of census by type affected due to land acquisition ......................................... 7-3
Figure 7-3: Loss of aquatic habitats ..................................................................................................... 7-4
Figure 7-4: Tentative Schedule of the Piling Driving Activities............................................................. 7-8
Figure 7-5: Relationship between Measured Sound Level and Distance from Pile ........................... 7-10
Figure 7-6: Impact of piling schedule on Hilsa Migration and dolphin breeding................................. 7-12
Figure 7-7: Noise level predictions with and without trees. ................................................................ 7-31

7-ii
7 Assessment of Impacts/Risks for Preferred
Alternative
7.1 Preamble
1. Potential impacts on various environmental components due to different Project activities during
pre-construction, construction, and O/M stages have been identified and prioritized through scoping
exercise in Chapter 4. The impact assessment and mitigation measures for resettlement site
development are covered in a separate document (Vol. 1 a/b: EA/IEE for RS) and will not be included
in this Chapter. Readers are encouraged to review Vol 1 of the EAP. The following detailed
investigations are being carried out to assess the magnitude of these prioritized impacts:
 Census survey to assess the extent of land acquisition and resettlement, loss of vegetation,
occupation, income and poverty levels of the affected households, etc.
 Noise modeling using FHWA TNM 2.5 (Federal Highway Administrators Traffic Noise Model)
to predict the traffic noise levels.
 Estimates of railway noise and vibration using Transit Noise and Vibration Impact
Assessment, Federal Transit Administration.
 Emission inventories of various criteria pollutants and GHGs using USEPA (United States
Environmental Protection Agency) and IPCC guidelines.
 Air Quality Dispersion Modeling using CALINE 4 and CAL3QHC is used to predict the
pollutant concentrations.
 Hydrological modeling using MIKE 11 and MIKE 21 to map the configuration of river
morphology and flow pattern due to the Project intervention and to simulate the impacts of
climate change on water levels at the Project site.
 Satellite image processing using remote sensing technology for landuse mapping.
 Environmental quality baseline monitoring of air, noise, surface water, groundwater and river
bed sediments,
 Bi-monthly ecological surveys comprising vegetation, wildlife, and fisheries covering both
mainland and Charland,
 Charland surveys comprising socioeconomic status and environmental settings,
 Expert consultations focus group discussions, and public consultations.

2. Results of all investigations including bi-monthly ecological surveys are provided in Chapter 3.
Detailed bills of quantities and costs are not made available to third parties for confidentiality of
information by BBA and specific equipment usage during construction is not known at this stage. This
chapter presents an overview of the selected impacts in a sequence and priority as identified in
Chapter 4, quantification of information is made available to the extent available and possible.
3. As explained in Annex 4-3 of Chapter 4, the project activities will trigger out both positive and
negative impacts. In accordance with their magnitude, spatial context, durability and mitigability the
impacts have been prioritized as high, medium and low both for positive and negative impacts. High
and medium positive and negative impacts have been considered as potentially significant. The low
priority positive and negative impacts are considered as insignificant as their impacts are short-term
and local and are easily mitigable with the adaptation of good construction practices. Thus these are
not detailed in this Chapter; however, they are assessed in Chapter 8 with mitigation and
management measures with Environmental Code of Practices.

7.2 Project Related Significant Impacts

7.2.1 Pre-construction Stage
7.2.1.1 Loss of Land and Resettlement
4. All land required for the Project will be acquired during the pre-construction stage. Only the sites
designated for the construction yards in Janjira side will be requisitioned through leasing for about 6
years period. Figure 7-1 presents the total land required for the project and Figure 7-2 summarizes
the households and other assets to be affected by the project. The resettlement is expected to
generate mainly three types of social impacts such as, psychological stress, split of communities, and

7-1
loss of livelihoods or business opportunities.
5. Based on the Consultant census survey (conducted by Bangladesh Institute of Development
Studies, BIDS), a total of 13,592 households with agricultural land, residence, business and other
structures, physical and cultural resources and others will be affected by various project components.
Table 7-1 presents the impacts of the project due land acquisition and requisition. Taken all project
components into consideration (RTW estimates are based on ADB TA) total affected persons by the
project are 76,211 persons. This includes (i) households/persons to be physically displaced (i.e.,
affected by loss of residential/commercial structures); (ii) those affected by loss of agricultural land
only (i.e., economically affected); and (iii) indirectly affected persons (wage earners and others).
According to the survey, number of households with agricultural land affected are 8,526, structures
affected (includes, houses, business and other structures) 4,975, and physical and cultural resources
affected are 91.
Table 7-1: Project Affected People by Census type
Types of Affected households (AHs) Affected Persons (APs)
losses Approach Road Approach Road
RS and BEF RTW Total RS and BEF RTW Total
Agricultural
436 6,072 2,018 8,526 2,385 33,214 11,038 46,637
land
Structures
(includes
housing,
31 1,542 3,402 4,975 196 7,874 18,622 26,692
business
and other
structures)
Total 565 7,614 5,420 13,501 2,679 41,088 31,437 73,329
Physical
cultural 1 27 63 91
resources
Indirect
impacts
(wage 98 1007 1,777 2,882
earners
and others)
Source: RAP I, II and III 2010

6. The Project will construct resettlement sites with basic infrastructure facilities such as roads,
drains, water supply, garbage disposal site, sanitation, school, mosque, health centre, market, play
ground, power supply, and greenbelts. Hence, it is expected that there will be high positive impact due
to the improvement in the quality of life of these affected people who are going to be resettled into
these resettlement sites. More detailed environmental assessment and mitigation measures are
presented in Vol 1: EA/IEE for RS.

7-2
 450.00
Mawa
400.00
Janjira
Land Area (ha) 350.00
300.00
250.00
200.00
150.00
100.00
50.00
0.00
MB
RTW App. Road BEF RS CY
(Charland)
Mawa 114.72 30.80 44.53 29.42 81.00
Janjira 394.03 145.29 75.08 38.40 78.00 190
Project Components

Figure 7-1: Land loss for various project components

8000
7000
Mawa
6000
Numbers of HHs

Janjira
5000
4000
3000
2000
1000
0
Residential
Ind. Impacts (wage

Commercial
Agriculture Land

Res cum Comm

Phy. Cul. Res.

Others
earners)

Census Type

Figure 7-2: Distribution of census by type affected due to land acquisition

7.2.1.2 Loss of Aquatic Habitats
7. The project will have major impacts on the habitats of aquatic life, some of them are temporary in
nature and some of them are permanent. The habitats are categorized as Padma River, floodplains,
and ponds. Soft sediment will be lost due to the footprints of RTW (main and temporary for CY1) and
will be replaced by hard substrate during construction. The river protection works will provide more
physically stable habitats in the river and its floodplain. It is estimated that the project will affect about
1,267 ha of aquatic habitat, in which 485 ha is in Padma river (dredging access/transit channel for
barge/crane movement for main bridge pier locations close to Charland, temporary disturbance during
the construction period) due to the footprints of RTW and temporary RTW construction for Mawa
construction yard, about 767 ha of floodplains, and 12 ha of ponds (Figure 7-3). Both floodplains and
ponds are permanent loss of aquatic habitats.

7-3
 700.00
612.70
600.00 Mawa
Janjira
500.00
Area (ha)

400.00

300.00 270.00

200.00 173.00 154.78

100.00
20.00 24.90
0.00 2.539.52
0.00
MB (Charland) CY (Padma RTW (Padma Floodplains Ponds
River) River)
Aquatic Habitat Loss

Figure 7-3: Loss of aquatic habitats

7.2.1.3 Loss of Trees
8. In the three districts a total of 201,273 trees (Table 7-2) in various sizes will be affected by various
project components. The number of trees in the following table excludes banana and bamboo trees.
Total numbers of banana and bamboo trees are estimated as 359,549. Following the standard
measurement of the Forestry Department, they have been categorized into large (14.6%), medium
(13.8%), small (36.8%) and Sapling (34.8%). The types of trees include timber and fruit trees. There
are a good number of other trees like papaya, firewood and medicinal tree etc. The following list does
not include bamboo and banana trees. Based on the BIDS survey, it is estimated that the number of
bamboo and banana trees will be affected by all project components is equal to 359,549.
Table 7-2: Loss of trees by all project components
Number of Trees1
Sizes Total
Project Component Large Medium Small Saplings
Garth Size >100cm 50-100cm <50cm
Resettlement Sites Mawa 190 379 454 582 1,605
Janjira 2,995 843 1,837 665 6,340
Subtotal 3,185 1,222 2,291 1,247 7,945
Approach Road, transition Mawa 5,476 3,971 8,055 7,203 24,705
structure, toll plaza Janjira 11,074 11,179 22,771 10,528 55,552
Subtotal 16,550 15,150 30,826 17,731 80,257
Service Area Mawa (SA1) 46 105 191 76 418
Janjira (SA2) 244 532 1,030 2,719 4,525
Subtotal 290 637 1221 2795 4943
Construction Yards Mawa (CY1) 0 0 0 0 0
Janjira (CY2) 196 331 366 148 1041
Subtotal 196 331 336 148 1041
River training works2 Mawa 6430 4,495 18,463 25,447 54,835
Janjira 2,783 5,847 20,872 22,750 52,252
Subtotal 9,213 10,342 39,335 48,197 107,087
Total: 29,434 27,682 74,039 70,118 201,273
Source: BIDS Survey 2009-2010 and BBA Study 2006.
Notes:
1. Number of trees without bamboo and banana
2. Data based on BBA 2006 study.

7-4
7.2.1.4 Loss of Agriculture Production
9. A total of about 764 ha agriculture land will be permanently acquired for various project
components. It is estimated that yearly crop production loss will be about 21,972 tons due to the
project interventions. In Mawa side, the loss will be about 1,079 tons and in Janjira side it is about
20,893 tons (Table 7-3). Major crops in Mawa side are rice and potato and in Janjira side they are
onion, sugarcane, garlic and wheat.
Table 7-3: Loss of agriculture crops by the project components
Crops Mawa Janjira
Rice 539.53 1,591.18
Potato 539.53 0
Wheat - 1,911.77
Mustard - 1,567.02
Jute - 1,828.20
Onion - 5,223.42
Garlic - 2,918.17
Coriander - 804.93
Cumin seeds 103.45
Sugarcane - 4,178.73
Banana - 766.60
Total 1,079.06 20,893.47
Source: The Consultant’s Estimate, 2009-2010
7.2.1.5 Potential Impact on Ecological Resources
10. Endangered, vulnerable, and rare species (species listed in IUCN Red list or CITES Status) were
observed during bi-monthly ecological surveys conducted during 21-22 July, 8-9 September, 20-21
November, 2009 and 13-15 January, 25-26 March, 2010 and potentially will be affected by project
interventions. Among 170 wildlife species during field surveys, 7 bird species, 9 mammals, 16 reptiles
and 6 amphibians are listed in the IUCN Red List or CITES Status and might be affected in various
degrees due to the construction activities. Table 7-4 presents a list of these species, number sighted
and potential impacts. Potential impacts on species shown in Table 7-4 due to project intervention
were developed based on the following criteria:
 Species listed in IUCN Red list or CITES Status
 Location and abundance of species in the project area
 Species behavior and response to the construction activities, this includes speed of
movement, access to migration routes etc.
 Location of breeding/calving ground and habitats in reference to the construction activities

11. Hilsa and major carps are considered important species from economic and livelihood
perspectives and potentially will be negatively impacted due to the project intervention. In addition, 29
fish species (Table 3-20) of conservation significance (IUCN Red List) are known to occur in Padma
River.
Table 7-4: IUCN Red List and CITES species observed in the project area
Name IUCN/ Local Local Name Number Location Sighted Potential
CITES Status Sighted1 Impact
Status
Birds
Brown Fish Vulnerable Uncommon Khoira 2 Lauhajang village Minor impact
Owl Resident Mechopecha 3.5 km d/s of
bridge side,
Kumarbhog, 1.5
km d/s of bridge
side
Comb Duck Critically Vagrant Badi Hansh 1 Approx. 5km u/s Major impact

7-5
Name IUCN/ Local Local Name Number Location Sighted Potential
CITES Status Sighted1 Impact
Status
Endangered (Critically from bridge due to pile
Endangered- driving
IUCN BD)
River Lapwing Endangered Uncommon Nodi Titi 7 8km in u/s from Major impact
Resident the bridge due to pile
driving
Black-winged CITES II Uncommon Katua Chil Bhaggyakul, Major impact
Kite Resident 6.5km u/s from due to pile
the bridge driving
35 alignment
Brahminy Kite CITES II Common Shonkho Chil Kathalbari Char, Minor impact
Resident 2km u/s of the
9 bridge alignment
Crested CITES II Common Tila Nag-eegol 2 Minor impact
Char Janajat
Serpent Eagle Resident
10km d/s of
bridge side,
Bhaggyakul 6 km
u/s of bridge side
Spotted Owlet CITES II Common Khuruley 3 Minor impact
Char Janajat 10.5
Resident Kutipecha
km d/s of bridge
side, Medini
Mandal 1.5 km u/s
of bridge
alignment
Mammals
Ganges River Endangered Common Shushuk 33 River up and Major impact
Dolphin Resident down stream of due pile driving
the bridge
Fishing Cat Endangered Endangered- Macho Bagh 13 Charland both u/s Minor impact
IUCN BD and d/s of the
bridge
Smooth Otter Endangered Uncommon Ud Biral 3 Homestead grove Minor impact
Resident on Janjira within
3.5km u/s from
the bridge
Common Critically Rare Ud Biral 2 Homestead grove Minor impact
Otter Endangered Resident on Janjira within
3km u/s from the
bridge
Indian Endangered Uncommon Shojaru 1 Homestead grove Minor impact
Crested Resident on Janjira within
Porcupine 2.5km u/s from
the bridge
Golden Jackal Vulnerable Common Pati 1 Minor impact
Bhaggyakul 6 km
Resident Shial/Shial
u/s of bridge
alignment,
Lauhajang village
3 km d/s of bridge
side
Jungle Cat Endangered Rare Ban Biral 2 Minor impact
Bhaggyakul, 6 km
Resident
u/s from the
bridge alignment
Large Indian Endangered Uncommon Bagdash 1 Minor impact
Char Janajat 11
Civet Resident
km d/s of bridge
side
Small Indian Vulnerable Uncommon Khatash/Choto 1 Minor impact
Lauhajang village
Civet Resident bagdash
3.5 km d/s of

7-6
Name IUCN/ Local Local Name Number Location Sighted Potential
CITES Status Sighted1 Impact
Status
bridge alignment
Reptiles
Gangetic Critically Rare Gharial 1 8km u/s from the Major impact
Gharial Endangered Resident bridge due piling and
(Endangered dredging
-IUCN BD)
Ganges soft- Vulnerable Uncommon Khulua Kasim 6 4km from the Major impact
shell Turtle Resident bridge due piling and
dredging
Brown Roofed Endangered Uncommon Barokori Kaitta 4 Charland both u/s Major impact
Turtle Resident and d/s due piling and
dredging
Median Endangered Common Majhari Kaitta 6 Charland both u/s Major impact
Roofed Turtle Resident and d/s due piling and
dredging
Brooks House Vulnerable Common Gui Shap 1 Charland both u/s Minor impact
Gecko Resident and d/s
Yellow-bellied Endangered Rare Sona Gui 3 Charland both u/s Minor impact
House Gecko Resident and d/s
Striped Keel Endangered Uncommon Kal-keute 2 Charland both u/s Minor impact
back Resident Shap and d/s
Common Endangered Common Khoiya Gokhra 2 Charland both u/s Minor impact
Smooth Resident Shap and d/s
Water Snake
Common Wolf Vulnerable Rare Gokhra Shap 2 Charland both u/s Minor impact
Snake Resident and d/s
Spotted Vulnerable Common Patapori/ 2 Char Janajat 9 km Major impact
Flapshell Resident Shundi Kasim d/s from Bridge due to piling and
alignment
Turtle dredging
Yellow Endangered Common 6 Homestead Minor impact
Monitor Resident groove of Janjira
side 3 km u/s from
the bridge
Sona Gui alignment
Bengal Vulnerable Common Gui Shap 6 Lauhajang Village, Minor impact
Monitor Resident 3 km d/s from
Bridge alignment
Olive Keel CITES III Common Matia Shap Lauhajang Village, Minor impact
back Resident 3 km d/s from
7 Bridge alignment
Spectacled CITES II Common Khoiya Gokhra Bhaggyakul, 6 km Minor impact
Cobra Resident Shap u/s from the
1 bridge alignment
Monocled CITES II Rare Gokhra Shap Bhaggyakul, 6.5 Minor impact
Cobra Resident km u/s from the
2 bridge alignment
Indian Rat CITES II Common Gharhinni Bhaggyakul, 6 km Minor impact
Snake Resident Shap u/s from the
1 bridge alignment
Amphibians
Green Frog Endangered Uncommon Sabuj Bang 3 Charland both u/s Minor impact
Resident and d/s and other
wetlands
Ornate Vulnerable Common Cheena Bang 1 Charland both u/s Minor impact
Microhylid Resident and d/s and other
wetlands
Pointed- Vulnerable Uncommon Pana Bang 1 Charland both u/s Minor impact
headed Frog Resident and d/s and other
wetlands
Two-striped Endangered Uncommon Kaad Bang 5 Charland both u/s Minor impact
Grass Frog Resident and d/s and other
wetlands

7-7
 Name IUCN/ Local Local Name Number Location Sighted Potential
CITES Status Sighted1 Impact
Status
Large Tree Vulnerable Uncommon Baro Gecho 2 Charland both u/s Minor impact
Frog Resident Bang and d/s and other
wetlands
Indian Bull CITES II Common Sona Bang 26 Charland both u/s Minor impact
Frog Resident and d/s and other
wetlands
Source: Consultant’s Bi-monthly Survey, 2009-2010.
7.2.2 Construction Stage
7.2.2.1 Main Bridge
12. Construction of main bridge will involve the following major activities, which will result in both
potential significant negative and positive impacts:
 Mobilization of equipments and vehicles, transport of construction materials
 Dredging of channels to bring barges
 Movement of barges on the river
 Construction of sub-structure (pile driving, sediment disposal)
 Construction of superstructure (construction staging)
 Disposal of wastes

Pile Driving Activities in the Main Bridge

13. The main bridge will have 42 piers with a span length of 150m. The foundation of each pier
requires installation of 8 steel piles of 3 m diameter to a depth of 130 m through pile driving. The total
number of piles to be installed is 336.
14. Piles would be installed by a crane mounted on a barge and vibrated to depth as far as possible.
Material inside the pile would be removed to assist driving by a hydraulic rotary drilling rig or air lifted
by crane mounted equipment. On completion of driving, piles would be backfilled with a cement sand
mix, delivered to site in transit mixers on roll on – roll off barges. It is envisaged that there will be at
least two piling crews established to maintain the proposed program. The construction program of the
bridge is given in Figure 7-4 and total construction period of the foundation is about 28 months.

Figure 7-4: Tentative Schedule of the Piling Driving Activities

Experience from Jamuna Bridge Project

15. The foundation of the Jamuna Bridge comprises 121 numbers of 2.5 to 3.5 m diameter, 80 m
long piles. The piles were installed using a Menck MHU hydraulic hammer with a 1,700 kN-M energy.
Such pile driving easily produces noise levels of about peak 205 dB, RMS 200 dB and SEC 180 dB at
a distance of 100 m (Figure 7-5). No mitigation measures to reduce sound levels were adopted during

7-8
the pile driving activities in this project. However, no fish killings or adverse impacts on fishes were
reported near the bridge site during construction activities.

Noise and Vibration Impacts due to Pile Driving

16. Pile driving activities generate very high under water noise levels. These noise levels are
expressed in (i) peak sound pressure level (peak), which is maximum pressure level generated by a
single strike, (ii) accumulated sound exposure level (SEL), which is a sum of cumulative squared over
the time of entire single pile driving event, and (iii) root mean square level (RMS), which is the square
root of the mean square of the single pile driving event. Units of the sound levels are expressed in
decibels (dB) over a range of frequencies which the level is measured (1 μP a2 /Hz).

17. Piles are usually driven into the substrata using one of two types of hammers – impact hammers
and vibratory hammers. Impact hammers consist of a heavy weight that is repeatedly dropped onto
the top of the pile, driving it into the substrata. Vibratory hammers utilize a combination of a stationary,
heavy weight and vibration, in the plane perpendicular to the long axis of the pile, to force the pile into
the substrate. The type of hammer used depends on a variety of factors, including pile material and
substrate type. While impact hammers are able to drive piles into most substrates including hardpan,
vibratory hammers are limited to softer, unconsolidated substrates (e.g., sand, mud, gravel).

18. Driving hollow steel piles with impact hammers produce intense, sharp spikes of sound which
can easily reach levels that injure fish. Vibratory hammers, on the other hand, produce sounds of
lower intensity, with a rapid repetition rate. A key difference between the sounds produced by impact
hammers and those produced by vibratory hammers is the responses they evoke in fish. When
exposed to sounds which are similar to those of a vibratory hammer, fish consistently displayed an
1
avoidance response and did not habituate to the sound, even after repeated exposure . Fishes may
respond to the first few strikes of an impact hammer with a "startle" response. After these initial
strikes, the startle response wanes and the fishes may remain within the field of a potentially-harmful
sound. The differential responses to these sounds are due to the differences in the duration and
frequency of the sounds. Thus, impact hammers may be more harmful than vibratory hammers for
two reasons: first they produce more intense pressure waves, and second, the sounds produced do
not elicit an avoidance response in fishes, which will expose them for longer periods to those harmful
pressures.
19. Several studies have been carried out throughout the world to assess the impact of sound
2
associated with pile driving. Popper et all (2006) presented a review of all these documents and
presented a scientific assessment of pile driving exposures which are injurious to fish, and
recommended a criteria for pile driving (SEL 187 dB and Peak 208 dB at 10 m from source).

20. The noise criteria of pile driving on the impact of fish as given by NOAA (National Oceanic and
Atmosphere Administration, USA) are given in Table 7-5.
Table 7-5: NOAA Criteria for Pile Driving and its Impact on Fish
Effect Parameter Fish Mass Threshold
Onset of physical injury Peak Pressure N/A 206 dB (re: 1 µPa)
Accumulated Sound >2g 187 dB (re: 1µPa2*sec)
Exposure Level (SEL) < 2g 183 dB (re: 1µPa2•sec)
Adverse behavioral Root Mean Square N/A 150 dB (re: 1 µPa)
effects Pressure (RMS)

1
The National Marine Fisheries Service, NOAA - Summary of Potential Impacts To Fish From Pile Driving -
http://www.fakr.noaa.gov/habitat/letters/2003/dec/valdezharbordredge.pdf
2
AN Popper, TJ Carlson, AD Hawkins, BL Southall and RL Gentry (2006) Interim Criteria for Injury of Fish
Exposed to Pile Driving Operations: A White Paper - http://www.wsdot.wa.gov/NR/rdonlyres/84A6313A-9297-
42C9-BFA6-750A691E1DB3/0/BA_PileDrivingInterimCriteria.pdf

7-9
Estimation of Noise Levels from Pile Driving
21. Sound levels from various pile driving activities were compiled by the California Department of
Transportation (2007) 3. Sound levels from 2.4 m (96 inches) steel pile driven through hydraulic
hammer measured at various distances is shown in Figure 7-5. The relationship between the
measured sound levels from the pile and distance from the pile is also shown in Figure 2.

Figure 7-5: Relationship between Measured Sound Level and Distance from Pile
22. From Figure 7-5, it can be seen that the noise levels reduce with the distance due to
transmission losses. Noise levels from piling operations primarily depend on the type of the pile and
type of the hammer. Noise levels generated by the both vibratory and impact drivers are given in
Table 7-6 to compare the noise levels from both the hammers and it can be seen that vibratory
hammers produce less noise levels than the impact drivers.
Table 7-6: Comparison of Noise Levels from Pile Driving Steel Pipes through Different Methods
Driver Location Diameter Water Distance Peak RMS SML
Depth from
source
Vibratory Richmond Inner 1.8 m (72 ~ 5m 10 m 183 170 170
Harbor, inches) 20m 176 164 164
Richmond, CA 30 m 172 160 160
Hydraulic City of Benicia, 2.4 m ~ 10 to 5m 227 215 201
Impact CA (96 inches) 15m 10m 220 205 194
20m 214 203 190
50m 210 196 184
100m 204 192 180
500m 188 174 164
1,000m 180 165 155
Diesel Impact San Rafel, CA 30 inches ~ 4 to 5m 10m 205 190
20m 200 185 170
30m 199 181
40m 194 178
60m 195 169
Diesel Impact San Rafeal, CA 10 inches ~ 5m 10 m 190 175
20 m 170 160

Vibratory ~ 5m 10 m 161 147

20 m 152 137
Source: California Department of Transportation, 2007 4

3
The California Department of Transportation (2007) Compendium of Pile Driving Sound Data -
http://www.dot.ca.gov/hq/env/bio/files/pile_driving_snd_comp9_27_07.pdf
4
The California Department of Transportation (2007) Compendium of Pile Driving Sound Data -
http://www.dot.ca.gov/hq/env/bio/files/pile_driving_snd_comp9_27_07.pdf

7-10
Major Negative Impacts

23. The potential negative impacts from main bridge construction activities are on:
 Transport (Road and Water)
 Charland/Bed Material
 Fisheries/ Aquatic Life
 Other Endangered Species
 Surface Water Quality
 Noise Quality and vibration
24. Transport: About 162,624 tons (42 nos. footings each with 8nos.@3m diameter steel tubular piles
with 103m length) of 336 number of piles, about 267,000m3 concrete pilecaps, piers, and concrete top
slab, about 84,400 tons of fabricated steel truss, 4,300 nos 1.2m diameter bored piles for approach
viaduct, and 168 bridge bearings will be required for the main bridge (including viaducts) construction.
Detailed quantities of materials as per bridge components are provided in Table 7-7. Procurement of
materials from both overseas and within the country requires careful consideration by the contract.
Jamuna Bridge experience in RTW is explained in Section 7.2.2.2. There are major traffic safety and
risks involved for procuring and transporting materials. In addition, all contractors are encouraged to
verify suppliers’ eligibility and environmental permits prior to sign any suppliers’ agreements. Large
quantities of materials will be transported by water transport, some of the material will be transported
by train and land transport. These additional transports will cause traffic congestion on the existing
transportation system. In addition, the local roads are not designed to these heavy axle loads and as
such may suffer damage from being used by these heavy transports.
Table 7-7: Quantities of materials for major components of the bridge
Component Material Unit Quantity
Bridge
Piling (3m dia tubular piles) Supply ton 163,000
Installation No 336
Pilecaps Concrete m3 80,000
Reinforcement ton 12,000
Piers Concrete m3 11,000
Reinforcement ton 1,600
Superstructure Fabricated steel truss ton 84,000
Concrete top slab m3 72,000
Approach Viaducts
Piles 1.2m dia bored piles m 4,300
Piers, pilecaps, headstocks Concrete m3 90,000
Reinforcement ton 13,500
Superstructures Deck Concrete m3 14,000
Reinforcement ton 2,500
Source: Consultant Scheme Design Report, 2009.
25. Charland/Riverbed Material: Dredging will be done by the Main Bridge contractor to facilitate
activities (through Charland and other sections of the bridge alignment where the water depth will be
shallow) and will depend on:
 The draft and maneuvering areas required for the vessels for
o Piling (336 nos) activities at each pier location
o Pile caps and pier stem construction
o Erection of complete 150m length truss units (barges, possibly floating crane/s, etc.)
o Possible delivery and erection of precast concrete upper bridge deck units, etc.
 The number of monsoon season cycles (assumed to be 3) encompassed by the above
activities, which would require substantial “re-dredging” of temporary channels after infilling
during the monsoon
26. A reasonable estimate for each of the probable 3 years/post monsoon seasons would be as
follows:
 Access/transit channels with at least 100m base-width (at say -5m PWD) and with 5H:1V side
batters

7-11
 About 2 km length through riverbed with average level of 0.0m PWD
About 1 km length through chars with average level of +3m PWD
Maneuvering areas – about 300m x 300m in 20 locations per year, average dredged depth 5
m (equiv to from +0.0m PWD average to -5.0m PWD)
27. Above activities will generate substantial quantity of dredged material – depending on contractor’s
detailed methodology and plant/equipment. During Stage 1 of the “limited 2-stage” bidding process it
is expected that each prequalified bidder will describe its methodology of construction and it will then
be possible to estimate these quantities more reliably (the bidders are expected to put a lot of effort
into optimizing their overall costs and reducing their risks) for this type of work activity. The tender and
eventual contract documents will require the contractor to submit its temporary works proposals
(including temporary access channels/maneuvering areas) at the appropriate times for assessment
and acceptance by the Engineer. The improper disposal of dredged material in the river water might
pose potential threat to aquatic habitats and siltation in navigation channel in downstream. A dredge
material disposal plan is prepared and presented in Chapter 8.
28. Impact of Pile Driving on Important Taxa: Hilsa, Gangetic dolphin, and winter birds (migratory)
were identified during the bi-monthly ecological surveys in relatively high abundance close to the
project site (Table 3-15) and are considered to be the most likely taxa to be affected by pile driving. In
the following section, impacts of pile driving on Hilsa, dolphin, and migratory birds are discussed in
greater detail.
 Impact on Hilsa Migration
29. Pile driving will have a significant impact on the Hilsa migration. The annual Hilsa migration has
the potential to be affected by construction especially during piling on their migratory routes. It is
possible that these activities may result in temporary changes in migratory patterns when construction
is being carried out. Juvenile Hilsa migration in the bridge site predominantly takes place during
March-May. Further, Hilsa uses deep channels (>10m) for their migration and there are two such
deep channels in the Project alignment near the left bank as per the August 2008 and August 2009
bathymetry. So any piling activity in the deep channels of the river during their migration period will
hamper their migration pattern.

South Bank: Janjira. North Bank: Mawa.

Forty One @ 150m Truss Spans Across the Padma River from Bank to Bank.
5
Month 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41
4
Jan 1
3
Feb 2
2
Mar 3
Apr 4
1
May 5
0
Hilsa Migration &
‐1
Jun 6 Dolphin Breeding Season
‐2
Jul 7
‐3
Aug 8
‐4
Sep 9
‐5
Oct #
‐6
Nov #
Dec #
‐7
‐8
Jan #
‐9
Feb #
‐10
Elevation, m PWD

Mar #
Apr #
‐11
May #
‐12
Hilsa Migration &
‐13
Jun # Dolphin Breeding Season
‐14
Jul #
‐15
Aug #
‐16
Sep #
‐17
Oct #
Nov #
‐18
Dec #
‐19
‐20
Jan #
‐21
Feb #
Mar #
‐22
Apr #
‐23
May # Hilsa Migration &
‐24
‐25
Jun # Dolphin Breeding Season
‐26
Jul #
‐27
Aug #
‐28
Sep #
‐29
Oct # Schedule of Substructure
‐30
Nov # Piling Activity that Impacts Hilsa River bed (Aug 09) along Bridge alignmen
Dec # Schedule of Superstructure Migration & Dolphin Breeding River bed (Aug 08) along Bridge alignmen

Figure 7-6: Impact of piling schedule on Hilsa Migration and dolphin breeding
30. A construction window is proposed for piling schedule to reduce the impact on Hilsa migration.
Since juvenile Hilsa migration in the bridge site predominantly takes place during March-May through
two deep channels located on Mawa side, it is recommended that no piling activity will be taken up
during March to May in deep channels. Location of the deep channels (as observed from the
bathymetry survey during 2008 and 2009) and the proposed piling restriction is given in Figure 7-6. It

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is recommended that contractor has to conduct the bathymetric surveys every year immediately after
the monsoon season to locate these deep channels and revise the piling schedule accordingly.

 Impact on Ganges River Dolphin

31. For all cetaceans, including dolphins, sound serves three main functions: (i) it provides
information about their environment, (ii) it is used for communication and (iii) it enables the remote
detection of prey. The sounds generated by these animals often extend beyond the range audible to
the human ear. Vocalisations of Dolphins will be in range of 125-173 (dB at 1m) for whistles and 218-
228 (dB at 1m) for clicks.
32. Pile drive generated noise has the potential to impact dolphin populations as this noise is
capable of masking dolphin’s vocalization. The threshold peak impulse source pressure for direct
physical trauma in marine mammals is generally considered to be >200 dB 5 and hence dolphins
would not be expected to experience permanent hearing impairment from sound pressures generated
by pile driving. Effects on behavior are more likely. Behavioural studies indicate a temporary
displacement from the area where pile drivers are operating. Wu¨ rsig et al. (2000) 6 recorded the
impact of pile driving into the seabed, in 6–8m depths of water, on humpbacked dolphin behaviour. No
overt behavioural changes were observed in response to the pile-driving activities, but the animals’
speed of travel increased and some dolphins remained within the vicinity while others temporarily
abandoned the area. Dolphin numbers returned close to normal once pile driving had ceased.
33. The behavioral reaction of the Ganges dolphin to pile driving is not fully known; pile driving
activity in the Padma may temporarily affect dolphin behaviour. Precautionary measures will be taken
to minimize potential effects.
34. Occurrence of dolphin in the project area was observed during bi-monthly wildlife surveys to be
higher during March to September; the breeding period of dolphin is in between April-July. Dolphin
7
emerges to water surface for breathing time to time. In addition, breeding period for most of the
fishes in Padma coincides with Hilsa migration period. Co-financiers in a comment on draft EIA
report 8 recommended that pile driving activities should be stopped during March-May in the entire
river where there is a minimum 3m of water column. This translates into restricting 11 pier locations
(about 27%), which might require one more dry season to complete the piling operation. Therefore, a
compromise is made based on a discussion with BBA, POE, Independent Reviewer, the World Bank,
and the Consultant. It is agreed that piling activities should be restricted in the whole river with a water
column depth of 7m during March to July.
35. Pile driving during other season (August-February), mitigation measures recommended by the
Joint Nature Conservation Committee 9 (JNCC) will be adopted to minimize the impacts on dolphins.
JNCC guidelines recommend that an exclusion zone of 500m radius should be monitored for at least
30 minute before the start of piling. If dolphins are observed in the exclusion zone, piling works should
be delayed until they have left the area. If dolphins enter the exclusion zone after piling has
commenced, marine works should cease until they have left. JNCC guidelines also recommend the
adoption of a ‘soft start’; using a low energy start to the operations would give dolphins an opportunity
to leave the area. The contractors are recommended to adopt these mitigation measures during pile
driving activities. In addition, the following mitigation measures are proposed:
a. Gradually ramp up the sound levels to scare the dolphins and other cetaceans away before
piling proper commences
b. Use pingers upstream and downstream to chase away dolphins and other cetaceans

5
JA David Mciwem (2006), Likely sensitivity of bottlenose dolphins to pile-driving noise, Water and
Environmental Journal 20, pp48-54 (http://www.marineconnection.org/docs/Dolphins at Risk-piledriving.pdf)
6
Wu¨ rsig, B., Greene, C.R. and Jefferson, T.A. (2000) Development of an Air Bubble Curtain to Reduce
Underwater Noise of Percussive Piling. Marine Environ. Res., 49, 79–93.
7
Wakid, A. and Braulik, G. (2009): Protection of endangered Gangetic dolphin in Brahmaputra River, Assam,
India. Final report to IUCN-Sir Peter Scott Fund. Pp 44.
8
Consolidated Comments from Co-financiers on Draft EIA January 31, 2010 version, dated April 11, 2010.
9
Joint Nature Conservation Committee. (2004) Guidelines for Minimising Acoustic Disturbance to Marine
Mammals from Acoustic Surveys. Joint Nature Conservation Committee, Aberdeen.

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 c. Monitor area for these creatures to ensure they are well away from the piling site – scare
them away if they are two close to the site using pingers

 Migratory/Winter Birds
36. Charland with their mudflats and sandy beaches are the major staging grounds for migratory
birds within the project area. During the construction period if construction activities coincide with the
migratory birds that utilize this habitat, potential disturbance will occur. Construction activities, such as
pilling, dredging and human traffic in the Charland has the potential to negatively affect Charland
dwelling animals, including migratory birds. As some uncommon and rare winter visitors (Comb Duck,
Ruddy Shelduck, Grey Headed Lapwing, Black Headed Ibis, Indian River Tern, Long-Legged
Buzzard, Short Eared Owl, and Common Tern) are seen in Project area and breed in these Charland.
Noise from different equipments, vehicles, and human traffic has the potential to disturb migratory
birds, compelling them to leave these areas. Noise and the movement of workers may also disturb the
migratory birds, which may leave or change their flight route until the activities are over. Staging
grounds of birds have been identified during the field investigations. To reduce air noise levels,
mitigation measures such as acoustic enclosure will be placed to cover the hammer and the exposed
pile to reduce the air noise level. The air noise levels can be reduced to about 60 dB with these
measures to minimize potential impacts on birds.
37. Impact on Other Fish and Aquatic Life: Based on the above discussion (Noise and Vibration
Impacts due to Pile Driving), noise levels from vibratory pile driving are limited to near the source and
are not expected to have any large-scale impact on aquatic habitats. Aquatic species close to the pile
drivers may exhibit avoidance response and move away from the piling areas. Pile driving activities
also will not impact known important fish breeding areas (Figure 3-30), which are located about 10 km
upstream of the bridge alignment.

38. Other Endangered Species: Other than Ganges river dolphin, fishing cat, gharial, turtles (Ganges
soft-shell Turtle, Brown Roofed Turtle, and Median Roofed Turtle, etc.), terrestrial birds (brown fish
owl, river lapwing, and black winged kite, etc.) are the endangered species found in Padma River,
which might have potential major impacts. High noise level may influence their behavior, and they are
therefore likely to avoid the construction areas during the construction period. In order to avoid
impacts on these species, the construction works will be limited within the designated sites allocated
to the contractors. Regular monitoring of the worksite for animals trapped in, or in danger will be done
and contractor will use a qualified person to relocate the animal. Monitor work areas for endangered
reptile and bird species to ensure they are well away from the piling site – scare them away if they are
too close to the site using pingers for reptiles. Acoustic enclosure will be placed to cover the hammer
and the exposed pile to reduce the air noise. The air noise levels can be reduced to about 60 dB with
these measures.
39. Surface Water Quality: Dredging operation, disposal of dredged materials during piling activities,
materials from superstructure formworks and other activities, and solid waste will deteriorate water
quality in the river especially local turbidity at cutter heads. The indiscriminate disposal of dredged
material in the river water will increase turbidity in the downstream water, which might cause
significant damage to breeding and spawning of fish and may pose threat to other aquatic species.
40. Noise Quality from other Construction Activities: Noise quality during the main bridge construction
will deteriorate due to the mobilization of equipments, construction materials/ vehicles, batch mixing,
erection and casting, and welding. The overall impact of noise to the receptors will depend on the
position of equipments and their cumulative actions. Table 7-8 presents typical construction
equipments and their generated noise level at 15m away from source and Table 7-9 presents the
vibration level at 30m away from source. These noise levels are above the acceptable standard of
GOB (75dBA during day and 70 dBA during night as applicable for industrial area and 70dBA during
day and 60 dBA during night for commercial area). However, the surrounding communities will remain
far (1-7km) from the main bridge construction sites and due to the extensive vegetation coverage in
the communities; the noise impact from construction equipments is thus expected within the standard
level. However, construction workers and others will directly be exposed to these noise levels.
Table 7-8: Construction Equipment Noise Emission Levels

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 Equipment Typical Noise Equipment Typical Noise Level (dBA)
Level (dBA) 50 ft 50 ft from Source*
from Source*
Air Compressor 81 Generator 81
Backhoe 80 Pneumatic Tool 85
Ballast Equalizer 82 Pump 76
Ballast Tamper 83 Rail Saw 90
Compactor 82 Rock Drill 98
Concrete Mixer 85 Roller 74
Concrete Pump 82 Saw 76
Concrete Vibrator 76 Scarifier 83
Crane Derrick 88 Scraper 89
Crane Mobile 83 Shovel 82
Dozer 85 Spike Driver 77
*Table based on EPA Report, measured data from railroad construction equipment taken during Northeast
Corridor improvement project and other measured data.
Table 7-9: Vibration levels due to construction equipment and traffic at 30 m (99 ft)
Source Peak Particle Velocity (mm/sec)
Vibratory Compactor 0.75
Pavement Breaker 1.25
Large Bulldozer 0.275
Heavy Trucks 0.25
Jack Hammers 0.075
Vibration Criteria (Old House, Poor Condition.)
 After CHAE (ASCE 48, pp 77-79,1978) 12.5
 Swiss Standard, Blasting 7.5
 Swiss Standard for Machines and Traffic 3.0-5.0
Source: Report on the Pre-design Studies of Noise and Ground Vibration for N.W.L.R.S. City of
Calgary (Oct. 1986).

Major Positive Impacts

41. Generation of Employment: The significant potential positive impact is employment generation
during construction of the main bridge. In the construction works employment will be generated both
for skilled and unskilled professionals at different levels directly. Indirectly, it will generate employment
for a large number of peoples in the project area and beyond within and outside the country those
related to bridge construction. During construction stage there will be positive impacts in the
employment and livelihood:
 A total of about 5,000 employments (for all project components) over a construction period
of 3 years; a substantial part of these employments will be from local sources;
 Development of backward linkage business those related to construction works, such as
supply of various local services to construction camps, labors, which will provide income in
addition to the above;
 Income generation and livelihood improvement through providing houses/shelters to
construction labors and others, this will be applicable for the outside labors;
 Employment and income generation will also be at various parts/locations of the country
directly and indirectly, particularly from where local materials such as borrow materials,
construction sands and stones, cements etc. will be brought/ transported.
7.2.2.2 River Training Works
42. Following activities of RTWs will result in major environmental impacts:
 Transport of construction material
 Embankment preparation
 Dredging for slope preparation
 Disposal of dredge materials

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  Wave protection
 Underwater slope protection
 Construction of falling apron

Major Negative Impacts

43. The following major negative impacts will occur due to the implementation of the RTW:
 Traffic safety and risk during material transportation
 Surface water quality,
 Dredged material,
 Drainage,
 Vegetation,
 Fisheries,
 Charland, and
 Landuse.
44. Traffic Safety and Risk in Material Transportation: Procuring and delivering materials to site will
be a major item in the RTW construction, particularly the supply of rock. The effort and cost of
delivering rock to site depend primarily on the source locations. The rock for the Jamuna Bridge RTW
came mainly by land from India (Pakur area), with a minor part by sea from India (Visakhapatnam)
and Indonesia (Karimun). Rock procurement was one of the largest cost items, involving both rock
from suppliers who delivered by truck or train from the Pakur area in India, and rock transported by
the RTW contractor from overseas. Including mobilization and investment, the total cost of rock supply
amounted to nearly 30% of the total RTW cost.
45. The experience from Jamuna Bridge requires careful review and is summarized as follows:

 The rock supply by truck/train for Jamuna Bridge RTW was seriously hampered during the
first flood season (1995) due to flooding and unusable roads/bridges in India. All large Indian
companies failed to set up a proper rock supply system, continuous direction/assistance from
the contractor’s staff was required.
 The initial poor state of the Bangladesh railway system was another limiting factor. It was
cooperatively taken away.
 The customs or security forces sometimes closed the border for India-Bangladesh
negotiations.
 The supply by truck/train was regularly interrupted both in India and in Bangladesh by political
strikes (“hartals”) as well as by religious festivals.
 The overseas rock transport experienced teething trouble with the transshipment pontoon,
which was built by a supplier.
 Once a barge was “lost” in open sea due to tug problems and it took quite some effort to find
her back.
 Weather delays occurred from time to time, including the influence of two cyclones, one
grounding a rock barge and survey vessel at Chandpur (May 1995), the other shifting one
abandoned empty barge from the Chittagong mooring area and grounding her along the
mouth of the Feni river (May 1997), fortunately after the critical rock supply period.
 The slope protection part of the RTW contract realized a loss because the “minimum export
prices” for rock were declared by the Government of India.
46. In general rock transport by truck is not recommended because of the substantial damage, which
it will unavoidably cause to the roads in rural India/Bangladesh, most of which were not designed for
such heavy loads (taking into account bad commercial habits of overloading the trucks). In addition,
the rock size requires mechanical handling, which makes loading and unloading more difficult in each
transfer point. The nearest railway terminal is on the south bank of the Ganges near the
Jamuna/Padma confluence. This link is suitable for rock supply from the Pakur area, but then requires
river transport to the bridge location. The better way would be to haul rock by barges from as close to
the Indian border as possible (near Rajshahi). This may require occasional dredging along Ganges in
the dry season causing more environmental hazards. River transport by barges requires the
contractor to set up a Global Positioning System (GPS) to track barge movements along the river and
to ensure their efficient use. The contractor should be encouraged to use rock barges (but not

7-16
country boats), to assure a controlled supply. Each supplier must produce environmental
clearance/permits for rock quarries from the environmental agencies of the corresponding countries to
the contractor. And the contractor will ensure the availability of the copy of these permits whenever
BBA or a third party requires.
47. In summary, the different rock supply systems all included a substantial number of risks, and
were found to have cause interruptions/delays at Jamuna. The issues associated with the
procurement and supply of rock can be avoided if geobag revetments are used. From a
constructability perspective geobag revetments can provide a considerable cost and risk reducing
alternative compared to the rock revetment, in particular a reduced risk of construction interruptions
and delays due to rock supply. Geobags require mainly on-site materials and assembly.
48. Surface water quality: Surface water quality in the river will deteriorate from increased water
turbidity during dredging and the underwater slope protection works. The total underwater slope
surface area is estimated as 51,316 m2 at Mawa side that will involve revetment type bank protection
work; at Janjira side this is about 1,457,388 m2 for the preferred option.

49. Dredged Material: The preferred RTW option at both Mawa and Janjira side has been selected. In
Mawa side, 2km revetment is recommended. In Janjira side continuous river training works along the
existing bank involving guide bund at the bridge. The guide bund at the bridge will give stronger
protection at the bridge landing point and will ensure high level of bridge safety from bank erosion.
The rest being of revetment type, will ensure safety for the approach roads, bridge end facilities,
resettlement sites, etc. An estimate for north bank identified that about 10Mm3 dredged materials will
be generated and in south bank it will be 34 million m3. Total quantities of dredged materials due to
RTWs for north and south banks are estimated about 44 million m3. A part of the dredge material will
be used for geobag filling, construction works/earth-filling in the approach roads, bridge end facilities
and backfilling behind the proposed guide bunds, while the rest needs to be disposed off.
50. Dredging works will be carried out during consecutive dry seasons along river banks up to a
depth of -25 m PWD (this corresponds to 26.5m water column in February and 28.5m water column in
November) 10 to remove the river bed sediments for construction of RTW. Due to the high turbidity of
the material, direct disposal in the river during the dry season will create negative impacts on the
aquatic life. Disposal of the materials on the land, for reclamation purposes or filling of project sites for
100 year flood level, generates a huge outflow of wet materials that contain very high turbidity and
impact the soil fertility of nearby agricultural lands. In addition, the dredging activities will generate
local turbidity around the cutter heads of the dredges, but this turbidity will not significantly spread
beyond the dredging tranches and channels because the bulk of the dredging takes place below the
surrounding riverbed.
51. The settling rate is primarily dependent on the density of the suspension and the grain size
distribution of the suspended material, assuming a two-layer fluid system around the dredger or fill
area outflow: an upper layer of water and a lower layer of suspension (water plus sediment). Sand-
size particles may settle within the hour, but clay-size particles (<2 micron) may take many hours
(sometimes even days), if the density of the suspension is high. The influence of strong currents is
indirect: they cause high turbulence that disturbs the boundary between the two layers and thereby
causes mixing/dilution, leading to quick removal of part of the suspended sediment from the area with
the water current.
52. Drainage: There will be backfilling using dredge materials behind the guide bunds at Mawa side.
This backfilling will be of average 0.5m height above the design water level to provide freeboard
during floods and to allow for wave run-up meeting with the top level of the guide bunds. Thus this will
be of land reclamation type which will hamper the natural floodplain drainage process. For Mawa side,
the revetment type bank protection along the river bank will entail 515m embankment and in Janjira
side it is about 12.3km. Thus there will be some use of dredge material for land reclamation behind
the revetment works.
53. Drainage will also be disturbed in the flood plain from land reclamation in other areas using
dredge material. Though a part of the dredge material will be managed by use of this material in the
earth-filling for bridge end facilities, construction yards and approach roads, this will entail either
temporary storage of the dredge materials in the nearby sites of these facilities, which will cause

10
Revised RTW Scheme Design, Annex J, Construction Consideration, April 2010.

7-17
temporary drainage problem in those areas. A significant part of the dredge material will still require
management. Land disposal for the rest amount of dredge material in Janjira side will entail land
reclamation; a preliminary estimate indicates a land requirement of 1,133ha with a 3m height above
existing ground level for the dredge material management. Such large land reclamation is likely to
result in significant drainage problem in the filled area. Dredge material management by land
reclamation at Mawa side will result in similar drainage problem but to a lesser extent in an area of
50ha only.
54. Vegetation and Crops: RTW right-of-way requires strip of 100m in Mawa side and 300m in Janjira
side, which will require about 328 ha agricultural land. In addition, dredge material management by
land reclamation will require total destruction of existing vegetation over the lands used for the
purpose, which may include clearing of trees, bushes, grasses. Table 7-10 provides the crop
production loss in both sides of the RTW alignment. It is estimated that cross production loss will be
387.06 tons in Mawa side and 12,931 tons in Janjira side.
Table 7-10: Crop production loss in the RTW right-of-way
Crop Production (ton)
Crop Type Mawa Janjira
Rice 193.53 840.38
Potato 193.53 0
Mustard 933.75
Wheat 1139.18
Jute 1089.38
Onion 3112.51
Garlic 2334.38
Coriander 479.64
Cumin seeds 54.64
Sugarcane 2490.01
Banana 456.80
Total 387.06 12,930.67
Source: Consultant’s Estimate, 2009

55. Aquatic Habitats: The dredging operation for the preparation of RTW slope will temporarily disturb
river ecology during construction and permanently acquire floodplain land. Both impacts are highly
significant in view of the large footprint of the RTW, which is estimated at 328 ha on land (floodplains)
and 292 ha in underwater (river).
 Impacts on the Seasonal Wetland. The main impact in the floodplain will be a decline of seasonal
wetlands, which are the agricultural lands inundated during the monsoon periods. Their ecological
significance is more or less comparable to that of the submerged areas around the habitated
Charland; acquisition of these seasonal wetlands will result in a loss of feeding and nursing biotope
of all fish and crustacean species. Based on the updated RAP III data, it is estimated that RTW
construction will require about 328ha of seasonal wetlands (agricultural land), which will be a
permanent loss of floodplain feeding and nursing ground.
 Impacts on River Ecology: Lower (underwater) slope erosion protection placed on a dredged
slope with the toe of the slope set at various elevations depending on the location and cross
section type. Rock riprap placed on a geotextile/bamboo fascine mattress is used to provide the
erosion protection. A falling apron placed along the toe of the underwater slope protection, to
provide temporary protection from future undermining by boat-launching down the scoured slope.
Rock riprap will be used for the falling apron. The slope protection work will have temporary impact
on river ecology during construction. It will occupy about 295ha of important feeding and breeding
habitats for virtually all aquatic fauna in the submerged parts of the embankment during three year
construction that will be replaced by a smooth sloping revetment bund consisting of dredge material
covered with artificial material. Protected stable riverbanks with underwater slope coverage have
the potential positive impact of providing more shelter to fish and other aquatic life compared with
present embankments. There are no direct mitigation measures possible for the temporary
disturbance of habitat, but the impacts support the need for compensation in the form of fish
reserves or sanctuaries in the riverine zone in up and down stream areas.

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 Impacts on other Wetland: In addition to the seasonal and permanent wetlands (river, khals etc.),
permanent wetland (ponds) of 2.39 ha will be affected by the RTW alignments. These lands are
located very close to the river bank and within the floodplain of the river which is nourished with
seasonal floods and nutrients. Wetlands will be affected mainly during high floods; effects will be
relatively low during the low annual flood. An estimated 3.36 ton of fish production loss is expected
in the RTW alignment due to the affected ponds.

56. Charland: Disposal of dredged material without proper management on unhabitated Charland at
downstream of the proposed bridge alignment will have significant impacts such as, loss of land,
deterioration of surface water quality, etc. Such impact will also depend on the existing landuse
characteristics of the Charland. Expected typical impacts are loss of vegetation, loss of habitats for
migratory birds, benthos, snakes, insects etc. Dust pollution may also occur specially during dry
period due to deposition of dredged materials on Charland. Further, due to frequent movement of
construction vessels Charland will be eroded.
57. Landuse: Reclamation of lands using land disposal of dredge material will obviously result in
change in landuse. Based on the feasibility study, the negative impacts on the existing landuse
pattern of about 394ha in Janjira side and 115ha in Mawa side will be permanently changed (Table
7-11). However, expected typical impacts are loss of agricultural lands, homestead forests, loss of
seasonal wetlands, fish and aquatic bird habitat, etc.
Table 7-11: Landuse pattern in RTW
Landuse type Mawa (ha) Janjira (ha)
Homestead 58.35 42.93
Agriculture 55.74 272.31
Waterbody 0.62 1.77
Others (garden, fallow and
0 77
Charland)
Total 114.71 394.01
Source: Consultant’s Estimate, 2009

7.2.2.3 Approach Roads

58. Following major activities for the approach roads will result in major positive and negative
impacts:
 Mobilization of equipments, construction materials/ vehicles
 Clearing of sites
 Removing of top soils
 Earth filling and compaction for road embankment
 Construction of road structures
 Waste disposal

Major Negative Impacts

59. The potential negative impacts are on:

 Vegetation
 Agriculture
 Fisheries
 Top soil
 Drainage
 Air quality

60. Clearing of vegetation along the road corridors: Site clearance for the approach roads will cut
80,257 nos. of trees without bamboo and banana trees. Table 7-12 presents the affected trees by size
along the approach road alignment.

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 Table 7-12: Tree cut for construction of the approach roads.
Size of Trees
Sides Total
Large Medium Small Saplings
Garth Size >100cm 50-100cm <50cm
Mawa 5,476 3,971 8,055 7,203 24,705
Janjira 11,074 11,179 22,771 10,528 55,552
Total: 16,550 15,150 30,826 17,731 80,257
Source: BIDS Survey, 2009.

61. It can be seen that a significant number of trees will be cut which will have negative impact on
environment. Such impacts include loss of bird nests/habitats, fruit loss, loss of fuelwood, and similar
others.
62. Loss of agriculture: Construction of approach roads will require a total of about 145 ha lands of
which about 132ha are agricultural lands. This will entail a total loss of crops of about 4,188 ton (Table
7-13). However, a detailed agricultural development plan is prepared under the Chapter 8: EMMP to
address the agriculture issue which will take necessary actions to boost up agricultural production by
bringing uncultivated lands into cultivation and increasing the cropping intensity in the area.
Table 7-13: Crop production loss in the Approach Road and railway right-of-way
Crop Production (ton)
Crop Type Mawa Janjira
Rice 51.96 309.87
Potato 51.96
Mustard 344.30
Wheat 420.05
Jute 401.68
Onion 1,147.67
Garlic 176.86
Coriander 176.86
Cumin seeds 20.15
Sugarcane 918.14
Banana 168.44
Total 103.92 4,084.01
Source: Consultant’s Estimate, 2009
63. Fisheries: Thirty two ponds will be affected due to the approach road and rail alignment. These
ponds are part of the homestead areas and within the flood plain of the river which is nourished with
seasonal floods and nutrients. Fisheries production will be affected mainly during high floods; effects
will be relatively low during the low annual flood. An estimated 8.24 ton of fish production loss is
expected in the approach road and rail alignment due to the affected ponds.
64. Loss of top soil: The estimated loss of top soil is 326,120m3 over the total 12.4km approach road
corridors.
65. Disturbance to local drainage: The approach road will cross 5 rivers and channels, one low land
paddy field, and 14 streams in Janjira side. In addition, there are localized drainage routes, which
carry flood waters during monsoon. These drainage channels and streams are the backbone to drain
out rainwater/flood water. Hence, without provision of cross drainage, it will result in drainage
congestion leading to water logging. Six bridges and 14 culverts on these drainage channels will
offset the drainage problems; however there will still remain residue impact. Moreover, the approach
roads will change the drainage pattern by redirecting floodwater to flow through these drainage
structures; thus there may be some localized drainage problem which is expected of insignificant
magnitude.

2
66. Air Quality: The approach road will have a total of 652,240m surface area of earth embankment,
which will be hydraulically filled by dredged material. Dust emission is estimated based on the total
surface area of the embankment as shown below. It is estimated that 1,740 tons of dust will be

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generated during the construction of the approach road. The approach road will require 330,196m2
asphalt road surface. Asphalts plants will be the major source of air pollution. It is estimated that
17,714 tons of NMVOC will be generated from the asphalt plant. The contractor will ensure that
asphalt plants are located more than 500 m from the sensitive receptors (hospital, school, and
residential areas).
Dust Emission Calculation:
Approach Road
Embankment Area = 652,240 m2
= 161.10 acre
Dust Emission Factor* 1.20 tons/acre/month
Period 9.00 month
Dust Emission 1,739.92 tons
* Source: EPA AP42, Sections 13.2.3

Major Positive Impacts

67. Major positive impacts are:

 Re-use of top soil
 Employment generation
 Gender promotion
 Change in landuse

68. Re-use of Topsoil: As mentioned above, the estimated loss of top soil is 326,120m3 over road.
The top soil will be collected, stored and re-used for bringing slope stability of the road, tree plantation
and roadside grass coverage. The roadside green area will have significant positive impact on
environment. An estimated 149,791 nos. of trees will be planted on both sides of the road. Thus, the
negative impact of loss of top soil will eventually have a positive impact with better management
practices.
69. Employment Generation: Construction of roads requires both skilled and unskilled workers at
different levels, and thus provides ample jobs during their construction. There will be huge demand of
construction labors and different professionals during construction of the project for its several
components including for approach roads, which cannot be met up with the local labor forces.
Therefore, a significant quantity of labors will come from other parts of the country. An estimated
5,000 people will get employment during construction stage, including for approach roads.
70. Gender Promotion: In both urban and rural areas, now-a-days it has been a common practice in
Bangladesh to involve female labors in the construction works. This is due to the fact that female
labors are available in the close proximity and they are more time-bound and cost-effective to the
contractors compared to male labors. In several projects executed by LGED substantial involvement
of women in the road construction is observed. Similar situation is expected for the project approach
roads. However, involvement of female labors in the construction site is expected to raise several
gender issues which need to be resolved. A Gender Action Plan is under preparation for use in the
project which will handle gender related issues effectively.
71. Change in Landuse: Existing landuse is mainly agriculture type. Table 7-14 provides the existing
landuse pattern along the approach alignment. More than 90% landuse is agriculture (132ha) and
about 11.7ha is homestead. With the construction of approach road the landuse will be completely
changed to urban nature and high scenic value due to the plantation program along the road and rail
right-of-way.
Table 7-14: Existing landuse pattern along the approach road alignment.
Landuse Type Mawa (ha) Janjira (ha)
Homestead 5.56 6.14
Agriculture 17.32 114.77
Unused 1.46 1.04
Waterbody 2.06 1.65

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 Landuse Type Mawa (ha) Janjira (ha)
Fallow 4.41 21.69
Total 30.81 145.29

7.2.2.4 Bridge end facilities

72. Bridge-end-facilities include two service area and toll plazas in both side of the river. Toll Plaza
will have ancillary facilities and weighbridge. The Spare Toll Plaza land on the Janjira side has been
planned out as a location for mobilization offices and accommodation for the preliminary Project
Supervision team whilst the full accommodation and offices are constructed on the Janjira Service
Area. The Mawa side service area will include Temporary Offices for the Preliminary Supervision
team, which includes accommodation, office and operative environments for onsite consultants and
engineers. Janjira Side Service Area will accommodate medical center, mosque, gas station, resort,
car parking, botanical garden, visitor center, and bridge experience exhibit.
73. Construction of bridge end facilities at both end of the bridge has the following major activities
that will result in potential significant positive and negative impacts:
 Mobilization of equipments, construction materials/ vehicles
 Clearing of sites
 Development of infrastructure

Major Negative Impacts

74. The major negative impacts are on:

 Noise quality
 Vegetation
 Fisheries
 Agriculture

75. Deterioration in noise quality: The noise impact due to the mobilization of construction
equipments, materials and construction works at the sites will be of typical nature. However, the noise
impact herein is expected high because the construction work over 27.03 ha in Mawa (SA1), 63.7 ha
in Janjira (SA2), and 28.88ha toll plazas of lands and several associated works that will require use of
large number of construction equipments/machineries, construction vehicles, generators etc. Table
7-15 lists the typical construction equipment and average noise level and noise level range. The
deterioration in noise quality at a particular time depends on a number and type of
equipments/machineries, vehicles in operation and the location of receptors. Therefore, the noise
level during construction will vary throughout the day and night. The best and easy approach is to
reduce the effect of noise at recipients’ level. Hence persons working in the construction places will be
required to use ear-plugs. The noise impact on the surroundings from construction works for bridge
end facilities is expected to be within the acceptable level because of natural noise barriers (trees and
plantations) in rural settings of the project area.
Table 7-15: Noise generated from various construction equipment
Equipment Sound Level at Operator (dBA)
Average Range
Background* 86
Earth Moving:
Front End Loader 88 85 – 91
Back Hoe 86.5 79 – 89
Bull Dozer 96 89 – 103
Roller 90 79 – 93
Scraper 96 84 – 102
Grader <85
Truck 96 89 – 103
Paver 101 100 – 102

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 Equipment Sound Level at Operator (dBA)
Average Range
Material Handling:
Concrete Mixer <85
Concrete Pump <85
Crane 100 97 – 102
Derrick <85
Power Units:
Generators <85
Compressors <85
Impact:
Pile Driver (diesel and pneum.) 98 82 – 105
Pile Driver (gravity, bored) 82.5 62 – 91
Pneumatic Breaker 106 94 – 111
Hydraulic Breaker 95.5 90 – 100
Pneumatic Chipper 109
Other Equipment:
Poker Vibrator 94.5 87 – 98
Compressed Air Blower 104
Power Saw 88.5 78 – 95
Electric Drill 102
Air Track Drill 113
Noise Standards Noise Level
OSHA (at workers ear) 90 dBA
Day Time Community (at property line) 65 dBA
* British Columbia, “Construction Noise,” Workers Compensation Board of BC
Source: http://www.lhsfna.org/files/bpguide.pdf
76. Loss of vegetation from site clearance: The project will acquire a total of 24.41ha lands which will
entail site clearance for construction works. The site clearance will result in tree cutting as shown in
Table 7-16. In Mawa side, a total of 418 trees and in Janjira side a total of 4,645 trees needs to be
cut. Among the total trees, 290 are large trees, 637 are medium sized and 1,221 are small trees.
Table 7-16: Tree cut for construction of bridge end facilities (FS)
Size of Trees
Sides Total
Large Medium Small Saplings
Mawa (SA1) 46 105 191 76 418
Janjira (SA2) 244 532 1,030 2,719 4,645
Total 290 637 1,221 2,795 4,943
Source: BIDS Survey, 2009
77. Plantation or green areas will be developed around the bridge end facilities and within the open
space in a planed manner which will have a long-term positive impact compared to base
environmental condition, because of plantation of higher number of trees compared to deforestation. It
is estimated that about 51,250 nos of trees will be planted in the service areas and toll plaza in both
sides.
78. Fisheries: Five ponds will be affected due to the construction of bridge end facilities; permanent
wetlands do not exist in the proposed service areas on both side of the river. These lands are used
mostly for agriculture. They are very close to the Padma River bank and within the river flood plain
which is nourished with seasonal floods and nutrients. Fish production will be affected mainly during
high floods; effects will be relatively low during the low annual flood. An estimated 1.62 ton of fish
production loss associated with the affected ponds is expected in the BEF areas.
79. Loss of agricultural lands and production: Since the majority of the existing land is covered by the
agricultural land, agriculture will primarily be affected. Estimated loss of agricultural lands is
approximately 88.2ha out of total area of 124.5ha. It is found that 79% of the project area is the

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agricultural land and support crops such as rice, wheat, mustard, jute, onion, garlic, coriander, cumin
seeds, sugarcane and banana at Janjira side and rice and mustard at Mawa side. In terms of loss of
agricultural lands, the impact is irreversible. Table 7-17 provides the details of crop production loss in
the BEF areas. It is estimated that crop production loss will be about 150 tons in Mawa side and about
2,812 tons in Janjira side. It is planned to boost up the agricultural production during construction
stage by providing incentives to farmers for adopting new technologies (for remaining land) and
providing them the required training and demonstrations on high yield varieties for increasing cropping
intensity. It is expected that loss of agricultural crop production from bridge end facilities will be
substantially mitigated eventually by the net production in the project being more than the pre-project
amount.
Table 7-17: Crop production loss in BEF
Crop Production (ton)
Crop Type Mawa Janjira
Rice 75.12 170.52
Potato 75.12
Mustard 189.46
Wheat 231.14
Jute 221.04
Onion 631.54
Garlic 379.64
Coriander 379.64
Cumin seeds 11.09
Sugarcane 505.23
Banana 92.69
Total 150.24 2,811.97
Source: Consultant’s Estimate, 2009
Major Positive Impact

80. The major positive impact is on:

 Change in landuse

81. Change in Landuse: A total of 124.5 ha of lands will be affected in terms of change in landuse in
which 88.2 ha is agriculture land. Table 7-18 provides the existing landuse pattern in the bridge-end-
facility area. The current landuse practice is mainly agriculture, homesteads and homestead forests;
while the changed landuse will be of flood free built areas along with beautiful landscaping, many
modern facilities including tourist spots, wildlife museum, quality accommodation for tourist with
furnished facilities, safe water supply and sanitation systems. All will bring substantial high positive
impact on landuse.

Table 7-18: Existing landuse pattern in the BEF.

Landuse Type Mawa (ha) Janjira (ha)

Homestead 8.04 3.38
Agriculture 25.04 63.15
Unused 2.11 0.57
Waterbody 2.97 0.91
Fallow 6.37 11.94
Total 44.53 79.95
Source: Consultant’s Estimate, 2009
7.2.2.5 Construction Yards
82. Preparation and development of construction yards will entail the following major activities, which
will result in both potential significant negative and positive impacts:

7-24
  Clearing of sites
 Dredging of channels to bring barges and temporary RTW
 Development of facilities
 Mobilization of equipments, construction materials/ vehicles
 Storage, batch mixing, and fabrication
 Operation of construction yard

Major Negative Impacts

83. The major negative impact is on:

 Riverbed Material
 Loss of agricultural lands and production
 Health, water supply, hygiene and safety
 Loss of wetlands/aquatic habitats
 Deterioration in noise quality
 Deterioration of air quality
 Water quality
84. Bed material and topsoil: In Mawa side, a newly emerged Charland to the south of the Main
bridge approach was considered an appropriate location. Access to the site by road will be using the
RTW acquisition (under the FS) that will not be required as per the new RTW design for Mawa side. In
addition, access to construction harbor and berthing will be done by dredging the existing narrow
channel, without affecting the Charland. The site will be developed by dredge materials from the
adjacent river bank. The channel north of the proposed site may pose a potential risk for future
erosion. To minimize the risks, the narrow channel along the bankline will be filled up linking the
Charland to the mainland. This will provide easy access to the CY from the mainland. Temporary
RTW (1.1km) needs to be developed for protection from potential erosion and existing channel
between two Charland requires widening to 60m by dredging for local vessel and access to
3
construction harbor and berthing facilities. It is estimated that about 1.73Mm of excavation work will
be required for temporary RTW and harbor and berthing facilities. In order to fill the land designated
for CY it is estimated that about 1.08Mm3 fill will be required to attain a fill height of 4m.
85. Loss of agricultural lands and production: The proposed construction yard (CY) in Mawa side is in
a small Charland close to the bank, which is mostly fallow in nature. The CY in Janjira side will be in
the agricultural land. A total of 159ha of lands will be required for construction yards of which 81 ha
will be acquired for Mawa construction yard and 78ha will be requisitioned (leased) for 6 years for
Janjira construction yard. The location of Mawa CY is in a newly formed Charland without any
habitation. The Janjira CY is mainly agricultural land and will be requisitioned for 6 years. The loss of
crop production is considered temporary or permanent depending on the willingness of land-owners
how they would like to use their lands after having them back from project:
 If the land-owners want their lands as it is, then the project will collect, store and reuse top soil
for use in reversing the lands to their original use; in such case the loss of agricultural lands
and production is temporary;
 If the land-owners want their lands raised, then the loss of agricultural lands is permanent.
However in such case the project will collect, store and reuse top soil for green belt
development by the land-owners.
86. Health, water supply, hygiene and safety: Occupation health and safety of workers and others
relates to a lot of health issues relevant to construction works in the construction yards. Since a large
number of workers will be working in the construction yards it is important that health, water supply,
hygiene and sanitation issues be addressed properly there. A separate public health action plan is
under preparation which will deal with all sorts of public health issues including water supply, hygiene,
and safety as well as HIV/AIDS and contagious diseases. Application of this action plan will address
the issues in the construction yards. However, general and minimum requirements in the construction
yards are:
 There must be adequate safe drinking water supply facilities for drinking and other purposes.
Groundwater complying with the national standards of safe water will be abstracted for this
purpose.

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  There must be adequate sanitary latrines for use by the construction labors and others as per
national standards. The sanitary latrines will be such designed that it does not contaminate
groundwater during monsoon when water level rises up. This requirement is in addition to
those needed in the construction camps.
 As per national standards, the minimum water use is 50liters/person/day and one latrine for
10person.
 All construction labors and others who will be working in the construction yards and other
sites must wear health and safety dresses, shoes and other measures as appropriate.
87. Loss of Aquatic Habitats: There are no permanent wetlands in the flood plain areas where
construction yards are proposed; however the areas are subject to seasonal inundation and are
nourished by nutrients carried with seasonal floods and also are habitat of fish and aquatic fauna. As
such construction yard development will have negative impact; the estimated loss of temporary
seasonal wetlands is 143ha (CY1: 100% and CY2: 79% agriculture land). Aquatic habitat will be
affected mainly during high flood; effects are expected to be very low during the low annual flood.
88. Noise Quality: Development of proposed construction yards will deteriorate noise quality during
construction activities due to operation of construction equipments/machineries, unloading of
construction materials from barges, loading of bridge elements, rocks/boulders from use in RTW,
frequent movement of transport vehicles. Noise quality in the construction yards will also deteriorate
due to steel fabrication and the operation of generators at the time of load-shedding. The overall
impact of noise to the recipients will depend on the position of equipments and their cumulative
actions. As can be understood from Table 7-8, that noise level in the construction yards will
deteriorate and exceeds the government standards for construction work site. Therefore, the
receptors in the construction yards (labors and others) will be affected with the high noise level. They
will be required to use ear-plugs to offset the effect as noise management at the source levels are
expected to be difficult except for the generators where use of muffler would reduce the noise level at
source.

89. The surrounding communities will remain outside the construction places and these communities
have extensive vegetation coverage, the noise impact from construction yards to these communities
is expected insignificant.
90. Air Quality: Both construction yards will accommodate various equipments/plants and material
storages. The facilities would include a land backed sheet piled wharf for handling construction
materials and berthing of marine equipment. The sites would also have major concrete plants and a
precast yard for manufacture of bridge beams, barriers and all other precast items. Sites would have
provision for water supply, waste treatment, power and lighting. Contractors will decide on the
specifications of equipments and materials those will be stored in both construction yards, a general
list of equipment and material storages are provided below:

 Aggregate crushing and screening plants, concrete batch mixing plants, steel fabrication
facilities (including formwork), barges, trucks, tugs, floating cranes, survey vessel, personnel
launches, rebar fabrication facilities, power supply (generators, transformers, weigh bridge,
laboratory, and waste water treatment and disposal. Since both construction yards are very
close to the residential areas, asphalt plants will not be sited in the construction yards.
 Both construction yards will be used for material storages and handling, storage of petro-
3
chemicals, storage of aggregates and preparation of 267,000m of concrete, steel truss
components and assembling of steel trusses, strand for precasting, precast beams and deck
units.
91. Deterioration of air quality due to handling of materials and operation of equipment is expected in
both CY. The contractors will be responsible for careful handling and storages of materials and
operation of the equipment in order to reduce the air pollution including dust. Special attention must
be given in storage and handling of petrochemicals in order to avoid environmental hazard and risk.
The generators will be the major source of air pollution in the construction yard, since, the exact
specification of the generators are unknown at this stage, an indicative assessment of air pollution is
done for a 500kw capacity and is provided in Table 7-19.
Table 7-19: Indicative emission of 500kw diesel powered generator.
Parameter Emission (kg)

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 Daily Annual
PM 5 1,923
NOx 83 30,310
SO2 4 1,572
CO2 7,932 2,895,180
CO 3,204 1,169,460
TOC 108 39,245
Note: Based on US EPA AP42, Table 3.3-1, 1997

92. Water Quality: There is a potential for hydrocarbon leakage and spills from storages and
equipments; discharge of untreated sewerage from work camps to the water resources; or percolation
through seepage and contamination of the local water table. Other potential sources of water
contamination are washing bays for equipment and trucks, construction water, spills of petrochemicals
from barges, floating cranes, vessel, personnel launches and generators. The high contents of
arsenic, manganese, and iron in both shallow and deep groundwater table in Bangladesh are
common. There is a potential for polluted water supply system. There is a potential for clogging of
storm water drains and surrounding lowlands due to dumping of solid waste and leaf into drains.
7.2.2.6 Public Utility Crossings
93. The provision of the following public utility crossings will be available on the lower deck of the
bridge.
 High pressure gas transmission pipeline;
 High voltage power transmission line (an alternative option is being considered to install the
power line parallel and away from the bridge); and
 Optical fiber telecommunication cable.
94. Installation of these utilities will not be done on the bridge during construction stage and hence
will not trigger out any potential impacts/risks. Provision for these utilities is kept in the bridge for
future installation and connection.
7.2.3 Operation and Maintenance Stage
7.2.3.1 Main Bridge
Major Negative Impact

95. Although the provision of railway is considered in the main bridge including the railway viaduct in
the detailed design, railway connection will be established at a later stage. However, we have
assessed the impacts of the railway during operation stage. The major negative impacts due to the
operation of the bridge are on;
 Deterioration in noise quality
 Scour at pier location

96. Noise Quality: The significant negative impact identified for the main bridge is the deterioration in
noise quality on the bridge, which is mainly due to movement of future rail on lower deck. Due to steel
truss structure at the lower deck, movement of railway is expected to generate noise similar to
Hardinge Bridge at Paksey in Bangladesh. Table 7-20 provides the predicted noise level. The
generated noise in bridge will be far away from the human settlements close to the bank and impact
will be minimal. Only the rail passengers over a limited time are expected to expose to the increased
noise from railway movement on the bridge. However, noise impact on the migratory birds will be a
concern.

Table 7-20: Predicted noise level due to the railway operation

7-27
 L eq (1 hr) (dBA)
Train Speed
Distance to Reciever (m)
(km/h)
25 50 75 100 200
80 63.4 60.4 58.7 57.4 54.4
100 64.2 61.2 59.4 58.2 55.2
125 65.4 62.4 60.6 59.4 56.4
Note : Based on Estimates in Transit Noise and Vibration Impact Assessment, Federal
Transit Administration, 2006
97. Pier Scour: Natural scour occurs at certain points on a natural channel under the influence of
varying flows, sediment transport, channel shifting and other fluvial processes. Local structure-
induced scour results from interference with natural flows by bridge piers and abutments, river training
structures etc. Where a structure is in place, it is not always easy to distinguish between natural and
structure-induced effects. The deepest scour is usually, but not always, associated with the highest
flows in the river, at least up to the bank-full stage. Once bankfull conditions are exceeded the flow
may tend to straighten out and the velocity may not increase appreciably. Therefore, on braided or
highly Anabranched Rivers the worst scour condition may occur near bankfull conditions. Provisional
estimates of natural scour have been determined as follows:
 Lowest bed level outside of the flood season: -37m PWD
 Provisional estimate natural scour level (2 year) -39m PWD
 Provisional estimate natural scour level (100 year) -50m PWD

Major Positive Impact

98. The major positive impacts due to the construction of the bridge are:

 Transport Communication
 Economic development

99. Transport Communication: During O/M stage of the project the bridge will carry road and future
rail traffics which will have potential significant positive impact on transport. The projected road traffics
have been presented in Chapter 2. The bridge will provide significant travel time savings drivers in
the corridor, particularly between the Dhaka Division to the south-east of Bangladesh and possibly
onto India. These travel time savings are expected to be in the order of 2 hours for cars and bus, to
10+ hours for trucks by 2014. Opening year traffic is expected to be 12,056 vehicles per day, growing
over 75,636 in thirty two years.
100. Economic Development: The Padma Bridge will provide a vital missing link and will support
development in an area that has to date been poorly serviced by the road network. The traffic
forecast included induced traffic, which is arising from new landuse or economic development that
occurs as a result of the implementation of the bridge. The cost of travelling for people living or
working in the vicinity of Padma Bridge will be reduced due to the better connection. This means they
can travel further and more often. The impact of additional and new trips has been applied by applying
an elasticity of induced passenger traffic, a 10% increase in passenger traffic is considered as
induced traffic in traffic analysis.
7.2.3.2 River Training Works
101. There will be significant positive impact with the construction of RTW in bank protection. In
Mawa side, about 2km and in Janjira side about 14.5km (3.76km optional) protection work will bring
significant benefit to the people living close to the bank. The benefits will be immeasurable in Janjira
side where bank is very erosion prone. About 15,000 people will be directly benefitted due to the
protection work.
102. RTW works predict two future impacts such as: additional flooding due to possible backwater
effects from the bridge and river training works, and additional erosion caused by the same works.
While flooding impacts can be calculated using hydraulic models, it will be difficult to establish to what
extent upstream erosion might be ascribable to the bridge: Future River changes (whether bridge-

7-28
associated or not) cannot be predicted with much reliability, and might be affected by external
processes like climate change.
103. Based on the morphological study for structural intervention (Updated RTW Scheme Design,
Annex C, Section 9.4, submitted on April 15, 2010), it is identified that for different types of channel
development due to the construction of river training works, three locations (Figure 2-2) could be
vulnerable to erosion and the extent and magnitude are considered indicative. There is no confirmed
analysis on these erosion predictions. Comparison is done on the boundaries based on natural
envelope for the next 50 years and the maximum erosion extent for the structural interventions shows
that additional erosion for the structural interventions would be about 900 ha along the right bank,
located at about 15 km downstream of the bridge crossing. Since, these changes are not immediate,
a monitoring program for the downstream river (for example as part of the regular annual monitoring
program ending at Chandpur) can be undertaken by BBA/BWDB under the Charland Management
and Monitoring Program and accordingly prepare mitigation plan.
104. Any engineering work in the river is liable to be cited as a cause of subsequent erosion, but such
claims are generally difficult to sustain for upstream changes.
7.2.3.3 Approach Roads
105. Uninterrupted and fast movement of road traffics including cars, buses, trucks, lorries and
similar other heavy transports will result in both potential significant negative and positive impacts.

Major Negative Impacts

92. The major negative impacts are on;

 Air quality and Emission
 Noise quality
106. Air Quality: Air quality will be deteriorated due to the increased traffic flow on the approach road.
Air Quality Dispersion Model (CALINE 4) is used to predict PM and NO2 concentration and
CAL3QHCR for CO concentration. The modeling results are provided in Table 7-21.
Table 7-21: Predicted pollutant concentrations (g/m3) along the road alignment.
Janjira - Mawa -
Averaging Distance from Distance from National
Parameter Year Road, m Road, m
Period Standards
25 100 25 100
2014 24 hr 87 86 93 88
PM 2025 24 hr 96 92 109 96 150
2036 24 hr 105 97 126 105
2014 1 hr 12,228 11,999 13,371 12,457
CO 2025 1 hr 13,942 13,142 16,571 14,057 40,000
2036 1 hr 15,657 14,285 19,885 15,657
2014 Annual 7.5 7.5 8.8 8.2
NO2 2025 Annual 10.1 8.8 13.4 10.1 100
2036 Annual 12.1 10.8 17.9 12.1
107. Air Emission: About 75,635 vehicles will use Padma Bridge daily in the year 2036. The
increased road traffics will emit air pollutants, dusts in the air and deteriorate air quality along the
roadside, which will increase with the increase of road traffics year after year. Emissions generated
from the future traffic during O/M stage of the Project is estimated and presented in Table 7-22.
Estimated GHG emission is presented in Table 7-23. On the other hand, due to construction of bridge
and approach roads the ferry operation will stop which will improve ambient air quality.

Table 7-22: Predicted Emissions

Projection Emission of Air Pollutants (ton/year)
Year TSP NOx PM CO HC

7-29
 2009 12 42 48 392 46
2014 60 169 230 1,227 193
2020 105 289 419 2,392 356
2025 139 388 581 3,691 524
2030 190 550 840 6,011 814
2035 232 681 1,050 7,820 1,043

Table 7-23: GHG emission from the Project intervention

Year Estimated Annual Greenhouse Gas Emission (ton)
CO2 CH4 N2O NMVOC Total
(CO2 eq)
2009 7,021 2.42 0.18 138.57 7,690
2014 50,586 15.23 1.38 800.40 54,578
2020 113,033 34.77 3.05 1,868.40 122,283
2025 158,661 52.20 4.14 2,994.97 173,178
2030 230,920 81.89 5.77 5,012.53 254,736
2036 301,647 110.16 7.40 6,898.82 334,203
Note: Total CO2 eq is estimated based on the Global Warming Potential for 100 years data of IPCC
2007
Source: The Consultant’s Estimate, 2009.

108. Noise quality: Noise quality along the Project road will be increased due to the increase in the
traffic volumes. Predicted noise levels along the road RoW during O/M stage with and without trees
are presented in Table 7-24.
Table 7-24: Predicted noise levels (dBA) near the sensitive areas along the Project
Distance from Edge of ROW (m)
Janjira Mawa
Year 0 25 50 75 100 0 25 50 75 100
2009 52.1 49.3 47.2 45.5 43.9 51.9 49.3 47.3 45.7 44.0

2014 60.9 58.0 55.9 54.2 52.6 60.6 58.0 56.0 54.4 52.7
No Trees 64.5 61.9 59.9 58.3 56.8 64.7 61.9 59.8 58.1 56.4
2025
2036 68.1 65.3 63.2 61.5 60.0 67.9 65.3 63.4 61.8 60.1
With 56.6 56.5 55.1 54.2 53.5 58.1 57.2 56.3 54.7 53.8
2025
Trees
2036 59.2 59.0 57.7 56.8 56.1 60.7 59.7 58.8 57.3 56.3
109. It can be seen from the Table above that the roadside receptors will be exposed to high noise
level; however the noise levels in most cases are within the acceptable limit with tree barriers except
the year 2036 at the edge of the ROW for noise standard for the night time (60dB). The noise forecast
is for the day time traffic with the higher AADT, the night time traffic will be lower than the day-time
traffic and hence the lower noise level. However, the impact will be of transition in nature until
roadside green areas are fully developed which will require couple of years. The impact will reduce
substantially after the roadside plantation that will interfere with the noise and also will work as noise
barrier to the surroundings (Figure 7-7).

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Noise prediction 2009: without trees Noise prediction 2014: without trees

Noise prediction 2025: without trees Noise prediction 2025: with trees

Noise prediction 2036: without trees Noise prediction 2036: with trees
Figure 7-7: Noise level predictions with and without trees.
Major Positive Impacts:

110. The major positive impacts are on:

 Vegetation
 Employment

7-31
  Gender
 Transport Communication

111. Vegetation: Roadside green area development will have significant positive impacts in terms of
improved landscaping, roadside bird habitats, trapping air pollutants/dusts, reduction in noise level to
road surroundings, etc. An approximately 73ha of lands will be brought under roadside green area
development.

112. Employment: During operation the project will generate substantial amount of employment in the
project area and throughout the country due to several types of project induced developments, as
below:
 Employment opportunities in the O/M of the road;
 The project area will directly get economic and employment benefits having direct access for
its goods to Dhaka and other parts in the north-eastern Bangladesh, by using the approach
roads and bridge;
 There is an industrial belt between Jessore and Khulna including several industrial areas in
Khulna. A new EPZ will be established near Mongla Port, the second largest sea port serving
as the gateway for imports and exports to the southwestern and northern regions. A deep
seaport under consideration in Mongla will get an important link throughout the country. The
proposed bridge would largely benefit the import/export trade through this port as well as
reduce pressure on the Chittagong port. In all considerations, the southwest region will get a
momentum in industrialization creating huge additional employment.
 The economic gains and employment generation through this project would substantially
contribute to the poverty reduction in the whole country in general and the south-western part
in particular.

113. Gender: After the implementation of the project there will be huge employment generation as
mentioned above. As part of the livelihood restoration program for people affected by relocation to
designated resettlement villages, ‘women’s corners’ will be established in each resettlement site.
These women’s corners will serve as physical spaces where women can get network, learn, support
each other, and undertake both group and individual income earning activities. In the first instance,
the NGO/s will be contracted to promote livelihood activities and will be specifically instructed to target
women at these centers. The women’s corners will be the place where education and safeguard
messages targeting women and girls will be displayed. Additionally, information about the activities of
local organizations providing relevant services, such as Upazila Mohila Adhidoptar, Upazila social
welfare and Upazila Youth Department will be provided in order to improve women’s access to
existing services. Women participation will be increased because each resettlement site will have a
fully functioning women’s corner (with the help of NGO support) with active membership of at least
40% of village women over the age of 30 by the end of the first year.
114. Transport Communication: A large number of road vehicles will use the road which will gradually
increase with years. Opening year traffic is expected to be 12,056 vehicles per day, growing over
75,636 in thirty two years. The impact on transport sector is significantly high which in turn will result
in a lot of development works, employment generation in the project area and at regional level,
particularly in the south-western part of the country. Service road along the approach road will provide
easy access to the slow moving/non-motorized rural transports. This will have a tremendous positive
impact on the rural poor for whom non-motorized transports are the important source of livelihoods. In
addition, the provided underpasses will allow people and animals to move both sides of the limited
access highway using connecting rural roads without any potential road risks.
7.2.3.4 Bridge End Facilities/Area
115. Operation of bridge end facilities (toll plaza and service area) will have potential significant
positive impacts only.

Major Positive Impact

 Vegetation

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116. There will be extensive tree plantation around and within the open space of bridge end facilities.
This will have significant long-term positive impact. There will be a transition phase between the early
and full growth stage of green belt area development where there will be prevalence of hot air during
dry weather. However in the long-run the area will be of improved landscape and green environment
that will bring comfort and pleasing appearance in the locality and will attract tourists.
7.2.3.5 Public Utility Crossings
117. The future of public utility crossing over the bridge will not have any potential significant positive
and negative impacts during O/M stage except accidental risk, which is covered in next section.
Services are accommodated inside the bridge cross section between the planes of the truss at the
level of the lower truss chord. A 760mm diameter high pressure gas main will run parallel to the track
inside the truss. The high pressure gas main will be supported by brackets attached to the truss. The
gas main requires expansion joints wherever there are expansion joints in the bridge, every 900m. At
expansion joints there will be an omega joint in the pipe where a flexible section of pipe, some 40m in
length, is free to extend by rising and falling vertically depending on whether the gas main is
respectively expanding or contracting. On each bridge module the gas line is fixed rigidly to the bridge
at the fixed pier. A walkway will be provided both for emergency evacuation of the train and also for
maintaining the pipe line. To ensure safety the ends of the pipe line at the abutments will be equipped
with a Rapid Closing Ball Valve controlled by a Safety Sensor able to detect the effects of ship impact,
earthquakes and pressure loss. The provision of a 400kV power line will be accommodated at the
same level on the opposite side of the railway, again with a walkway provided both for its
maintenance and also for emergency train evacuation.

7.3 Project Related Significant Risks

7.3.1 Construction Stage
118. The south bank is prone to heavy erosion. Last five years, there has been 700m bank erosion in
south bank. Bank erosion in north bank is minor. The length of the bridge was 5.58km during the
feasibility study and it is now 6.15 due to the bank erosion. Seventy percent of the service area in
south bank (right side) has been eroded and might continue to erode during the pre-construction
stage. There are possible risks of erosion during the construction stage as well. In addition, the
construction yard in Mawa side will also have potential risk of erosion during construction stage.
7.3.2 O/M Stage
119. The following risks are expected during the O/M of the project:
120. Accidental Spills: The bridge and approach road will be used for transport of Hazardous and
Toxic materials from Chittagong and Dhaka to southwest part and there will be potential chances for
spills from these vehicles during accidents. Hence, to address the issue, a spill contingency plan or
emergency plan needs to be prepared with a set of measures to be followed to minimize the potential
adverse effects of spill of harmful substances that may pollute the environmental resources such as
soil and water during accidents.
121. Leaks and Explosion: Padma Bridge will provide access to high pressure (1,135 psig) gasmain
and thus inherent hazards of leaks, fire and explosion associated with gas handling poses a major
threat to the users and the society at large. Various kinds of fires might cause, such as:
(a) Jet fire: - Jet fire is associated with release of Natural gas and depends upon the diameter of
pipeline and the leak size. If the natural gas pipeline has a leak at a certain point in its path
and given that an ignition source is available, Jet fire may occur. Jet fire is usually not
associated with rupture of pipeline.
(b) Flash Fire: - Flash fire occurs due to a sudden intense fire impact caused by ignition of
flammable materials. It is characterized by high temperature, short duration, rapidly moving
flame front, and considerable shock waves. Flash fire is usually more prominent with leak of
natural gas rather than rupture.
122. Explosion might cause due to traffic accidents on the bridge and sudden impact on the gasmain.
This will be a cause of huge disaster in the bridge.
123. Flooding: Major flooding may cause the closure of approach road and bridge (including railway).
The emergency response plan should consider response/action and evacuation plan.

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124. Traffic and Transit Accidents: During operation of the bridge, roads, and railway major traffic
accidents will cause short-term closure of the road, railway and bridge operation. Towing of damaged
vehicles, locomotives and cars will be required quickly to resume operation. Alerting upazila Health
Complex (if applicable) will also be required. Inspection of railway line and lower bridge deck after
emergency has been mitigated.
125. Terrorist Event/Threats: During a Credible Terrorist Threat or events increased security and
police presence and/or military action, security check points, or closure of the Bridge and approach
road will be required. An evacuation plan will also be required in the emergency response plan.
126. Potential Erosion: Based on the morphological study for structural intervention (Updated RTW
Scheme Design, Annex C, Section 9.4, submitted on April 15, 2010), it is identified that for different
types of channel development due to the construction of river training works, three locations (Figure 2-
2) could be vulnerable to erosion and the extent and magnitude are considered indicative. There is no
confirmed analysis on these erosion predictions. Comparison is done on the boundaries based on
natural envelope for the next 50 years and the maximum erosion extent for the structural interventions
shows that additional erosion for the structural interventions would be about 900 ha along the right
bank, located at about 15 km downstream of the bridge crossing. Since, these changes are not
immediate, a monitoring program for the downstream river (for example as part of the regular annual
monitoring program ending at Chandpur) can be undertaken by BBA/BWDB under the Charland
Management and Monitoring Program and accordingly prepare mitigation plan.

7.4 Associated, Induced, and Regional Impacts

127. After the construction of the project, at regional scale a lot of developments are expected to take
place due to the faster road communication, particularly in the south-western part of the country
where there are potentials of development. In addition, the railway connection will be realized after the
construction of the bridge.
7.4.1.1 Road Network Development
128. As indicated in Chapter 1, Asian Highway will enter Bangladesh at Tamabil Land port, Sylhet in
the north-east and end at Benapole Land port, Jessore in the southwest, which will cross the major
river Padma via the Padma Bridge. The existing national highway in this corridor will be upgraded to
Asian Highway standard along with road structures and bridges/culverts. While the whole north-east
and south-west zones of the country will be directly benefited from Asian Highway, of particular
Sylhet, Maulovibazar, Habiganj, Brahmanbaria, Narsingdi, Narayanganj, Munshiganj in the north-east
side and Madaripur, Gopalganj, Narail, Jessore will fall in the direct zone of influence with the existing
road-network. In addition, land locked region of the north eastern parts of India, Assam (a natural
hinterland of both Chittagong and Mongla ports) will have traditional route connecting West Bengal,
India and cut down the distance by almost 60%. A few other districts will also be connected with the
Asian Highway with the existing road network. With the increased road traffic volumes on these roads
after the Padma Bridge and Asian Highway, these roads will require upgrading as appropriate.
129. Road network development will entail construction of new roads and up gradation of existing
roads that will result in potential significant negative and positive impacts as follows:

Major Negative Impacts

 Loss of seasonal floodplain
 Deterioration of roadside air quality
 Land acquisition and resettlement
 Loss of agricultural lands
 Change in landuse
130. Loss of seasonal floodplain: Construction of roads will require lands which are in Bangladesh
low-lying agricultural lands that are seasonally flooded and behave like wetlands during monsoon.
Thus the wetlands will be affected significantly. In addition, there are some permanent seasonal
floodplains in the country with diversified biological functions, particularly in the north-east zone of the
country. Construction of roads on these wetlands will have potential significant high negative impact.
131. Deterioration in roadside ambient air quality: Construction and up gradation activities of roads
will generate air emission including dust that will affect population and communities along the existing

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roads. In addition, after the roads are built, the increased road traffics will also emit air pollutants
deteriorating ambient air quality.
132. Land acquisition and resettlement: Construction and up gradation of roads will require land
acquisition which may trigger out involuntary resettlement for affected people therein.
133. Loss of agricultural lands: Majority of the flood plain lands are used for agriculture purpose and
construction or up gradation of roads will result in loss of agriculture lands of a narrow strip over long
distances.
134. Change in landuse: Change in landuse will primarily be from loss of agricultural lands and
secondly from roadside development induced after road development. The impact is perceived as
potential significant negative as unplanned and haphazard development will have significant negative
impact on landuse.

Major Positive Impacts

 Employment
 Transport Communication
135. Employment: Employment generation will occur in the road construction/rehabilitation and in the
increased commercial and business activities induced with road network development.
136. Transport Communication: With the road network development the commercial and business
importance in the south western zone will rise significantly. Traffic will be generated locally due to the
induced growth. Table 7-25 provides the predicted induced traffic. For commercial and business
purpose, goods will be carried by multimodal transport from various places within the regions
including urban, semi-urban and rural areas. The impact will occur gradually at an increased trend
over a long period of time.
Table 7-25: Induced Traffic
Year Induced Traffic Flows (AADT)
Truck Bus LV Total
2009 0 0 0 0
2014 ‐ 1,110 843 1,953
2020 1,562 1,823 2,525 5,910
2025 2,041 2,008 4,347 8,396
2030 2,657 2,192 7,499 12,348
2035 3,205 2,376 9,986 15,567
Source: The Consultant’s Estimate, 2009
7.4.1.2 Roadside Development
137. Because of commercial importance of the roads and easy access to Asian Highway via major
roads, roadside developments are expected to get faster pace with the construction of the project.
The expected roadside developments are industries, markets/growth centers/shops, housing areas,
etc.
138. The potential significant negative and positive impacts from roadside development are as below:

Major Negative Impacts

 Loss of seasonal floodplain

 Deterioration in surface water quality
 Deterioration in groundwater quality
 Waste generation
 Land acquisition and resettlement
 Loss of agricultural lands
 Change in landuse
139. Loss of seasonal floodplain: Loss of seasonal floodplain will result primarily from earth filling of
roadside low-lying lands. These lands are seasonally flooded, habitats for fishes/aquatic life, birds
during monsoon/wet season and used as agricultural lands during dry period.

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140. Deterioration in surface water quality: Roadside developments will generate several types of
wastes during their construction and O/M stages. Typical wastes are likely of solid and liquid which
may further be classified as hazardous/toxic and non-hazardous/non-toxic. Disposal of these wastes
without treatment will contaminate surface water surrounding the dumping sites. Contamination of
surface water quality will have potential significant negative impact on biological functions of surface
water as well as fish/aquatic life resources therein.
141. Water Supply and Sanitation: Roadside development will require safe drinking water supply and
sanitation facilities in selected locations. Unplanned development will pose great risk of waterborne
diseases to infants and young children and people who are debilitated or living in unsanitary
conditions and elderly. BBA needs to coordinate with other departments and regions especially Local
Government and Engineering Department for identifying locations for water supply and sanitation
facilities along the corridor. And expedite the development of these infrastructures along the corridor
to cash in the full advantage of the Asian Highway.
142. Deterioration in groundwater quality: Deterioration in groundwater quality is likely to occur due to
the dumping of untreated wastes. Leachate of wastes that contains hazardous elements will percolate
soils reaching groundwater contaminating the natural resources.
143. Waste: Wastes will be generated during construction and O/M of roadside development, and
unless they are properly managed they will cause severe impact on environment. Particularly
industrial hazardous wastes would affect the health quality of the workers as well as will contaminate
soil and water at their dumping locations.

144. Land acquisition and resettlement: Widening of the road and construction of EPZ along road
side with the private/public initiative will trigger out land acquisition and resettlement issues and their
associated impacts which needs to be properly handled before the start of such activity.
145. Loss of agricultural lands: Roadside areas are mostly agricultural lands and development along
the corridor will have impact on the agricultural lands. The impact is cumulative and will be seen as
key issue for all infrastructure development in Bangladesh.
146. Change in landuse: Change in landuse is from conversion of existing lands, mostly agricultural
lands, into residential and commercial lands. Moreover, development works would induce further
developments which also have the impact on landuse again. For example, construction of an EPZ will
result in change in landuse, i.e., agricultural lands into EPZ purpose; and again there will be further
change in landuse from associated developments (say housing facilities for the workers) due to this
EPZ.

Major Positive Impacts

 Employment
147. Employment: Roadside developments including industries, commercial shops, fuel and CNG
stations and similar others will generate a lot of employment for different professional categories of
people. Employments will also be generated from other sectors, directly or indirectly linked with
roadside developments.
7.4.1.3 Industrialization
148. There is an industrial belt between Jessore and Khulna including several industrial areas in
Khulna. A new EPZ will be established near Mongla Port, the second largest sea port serving as the
gateway for imports and exports to the southwestern and northern regions. A deep seaport under
consideration in Mongla will get an important link throughout the country along the proposed bridge.
The proposed bridge would largely benefit the import/export trade through this port as well as reduce
pressure on the Chittagong port. In all considerations, the southwest region will get a momentum in
industrialization creating huge additional employment.
149. In addition, as it happened after Jamuna Bridge Project, private industries are expected to grow
along the major roads having good access to the proposed bridge.
150. Industrialization in the regions will result in both potential significant negative and positive
impacts as below:

Major Negative Impacts

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  Loss of seasonal floodplain
 Deterioration in water quality
 Soil quality
 Waste generation
 Land acquisition and resettlement
 Loss of agricultural lands
 Change in landuse
151. Loss of seasonal floodplain: Loss of seasonal floodplain will result from construction of
industries on roadside floodplain/wetlands, adjacent to major roads and in other areas in the regions
152. Deterioration in water quality: Industries are likely to produce hazardous and non-hazardous
wastes which they may not handle/manage properly and dump elsewhere without treatment. This will
deteriorate surface water quality. Surface water contamination during monsoon may spread over large
area due to flooding. Unplanned disposal of hazardous/toxic waste may lead to the deterioration of
groundwater quality, which may lead to several public health implications related to drinking
groundwater. In Bangladesh groundwater is the main drinking water source.
153. Deterioration in Soil quality/soil contamination: Improper waste dumping will contaminate soil.
Liquid wastes generated from industries may be accumulated contaminating surface water,
groundwater and soil there. The effect may be widespread due to flooding effect.

154. Waste: Wastes will be generated at various stages of industrial development, both during
construction and O/M. The wastes generated during construction may not be hazardous as maybe
case during the operation of the industries. Various types of hazardous and non-hazardous wastes
will be generated depending on the type of industries and their extent of operation.
155. Land acquisition and resettlement: Land acquisition and resettlement issues will arise due to the
establishment of various industries including the EPZ.
156. Loss of agricultural lands: Loss of agricultural lands is associated with land-acquisition for
industrial development.
157. Change in landuse: Change in landuse is primarily due to the transformation of agricultural and
other lands to industrial development.

Major Positive Impacts

 Employment
 Gender
158. Employment: Industrial sector is a potential source of employments in Bangladesh. Industries
will provide employments to many people directly and indirectly. Several types of industries are
expected to be established in the regions such as, textile and dyeing, pharmaceuticals, sea fish/food
processing industries, etc. These industries require professionals at various skills and levels and the
technicians. Employment will also come from associated business and commercial activities linked
with industries. Thus people who are associated with the transportation and export/import business
will also be benefited from employments.
159. Gender: With industrialization, ample job opportunities will be generated for the local people and
a part of these jobs are for women. In the textile and garments sector, a large part of the industrial
jobs are offered to women because of the job nature and for their skills and efficient performance in
this sector. It is anticipated that after the project, textile and garments sector will boost up in south-
western part of the country and local women will be highly benefited from it.

7.4.1.4 Railway Network Development

160. The provision of railway on the bridge is considered in the design. In order to take the full
benefits of the Padma Bridge, Bangladesh Railway requires undertaking urgent initiatives for
constructing 30km long railway line from Gendaria-Mawa to connect Padma Bridge and then about
90km long railway line from the Padma Bridge to Bhanga-Kashiani-Narail-Jessore. Then this railway
connection will work as integral part of the Trans-Asian railway network.

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161. A number of districts are not linked with the existing railway network in the regions; therefore to
get full benefits from proposed Trans-Asian Railway, additional railway network needs to be
developed. The areas through which Trans-Asian Railway will go is mainly low-lying flood plain cris-
crossed by a several water courses including rivers, channels; the lands are flooded annually during
monsoon and used for aquatic flora and fauna including fish, migratory birds, etc; while during dry
season these lands are used for agricultural production. Construction of railway embankment will
acquire agricultural lands and hence will trigger associated impacts.
162. Railway network development in the regions will result in both potential significant negative and
positive impacts.

Major Negative Impacts

 Loss of seasonal floodplain

 Land acquisition and resettlement
 Loss of agricultural lands
 Change in landuse
 Air quality
 Noise quality and vibration

163. Loss of seasonal floodplain: Loss of seasonal floodplain will occur from use of low-lying flood
plain/wetlands for construction of railway embankments. The impact on floodplain areas will be
cumulative and will generate from multiple actions from various sectors; hence it is a key issue.
164. Land Acquisition and Resettlement: Land acquisition and resettlement issue is likely to arise
from the construction of embankment. The impact is cumulative and will generate from multiple
actions from various sectors; hence it is a key issue.
165. Loss of Agricultural Lands: Loss of agricultural lands is associated with land acquisition. The
impact is cumulative in nature associated with road widening and development including the
commercial activities along the corridor.
166. Change in Landuse: Change in landuse within the railway corridors is due to the construction of
railway embankment and railway stations.
167. Deterioration in railway side air quality: Running of rails emits air pollutants from its engines and
dusts from unpaved surfaces particularly during dry period. Thus railway corridor area will be affected
from air pollution. However this negative impact is expected to be significant during early stage of the
operation till the full green belt area development stage. Once the trees are grown they would trap air
pollutants and dusts and reduce the impact of air pollution to surroundings.
168. Deterioration in railway side noise quality and vibration: Movement of rails on railway tracks
generates noise and also vibration, both will have negative impact on the communities residing near
the railway tracks. Like air quality, this negative impact will also be of transition type; the impact will be
reduced with the growth of trees in the roadside green belt area. Table 7-26 provides the predicted
noise level due to the operation of one train per hour.
Table 7-26: Predicted noise level due to the railway operation
Leq (1 hr) (dBA)
Train Speed
(km/h) Distance to Receiver (m)
25 50 75 100 200
80 63.4 60.4 58.7 57.4 54.4
100 64.2 61.2 59.4 58.2 55.2
125 65.4 62.4 60.6 59.4 56.4

Note: Based on Estimates in Transit Noise and Vibration Impact Assessment, Federal
Transit Administration, 2006
169. Vibrations due to the operation of trains are predicted using transit noise and impact
assessment of Federal Transit Administration guideline 2006 and provided in Table 7-27. According to

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the Transit Noise and Vibration Impact Assessment, the maximum acceptable vibration levels
generated by commuter rail branch lines for Residences and buildings where people normally sleep is
approximately 74 (VdB re 5 x 10-8 m/s).
Table 7-27: Predicted vibration level along the approach railway corridor.
Vibration (VdB re 5 x 10-8 m/s)
Train Speed
Distance to Receiver (m)
(km/h)
25 50 75 100 200
80 64.3 57.5 52.9 49.2 38.7
100 66.2 59.4 54.8 51.1 40.6
125 68.1 61.4 56.7 53.1 42.5
Note: Based on Estimates in Transit Noise and Vibration Impact Assessment, Federal
Transit Administration, 2006
Major Positive Impacts
 Employment
 Transport communication

170. Employment: As seen in Bangladesh, there is no potentiality of development along the railway
embankment, primarily due to the lack of access to rails from every point as in case of the road
development. Hence employment associated with railway network development will come from
increased transport and commercial activities induced with railway network development. A large
number of people will also get employment in the O/M works of the railway network.
171. Transport Communication: The purpose of providing railway services in the project is to take
the railway transport benefits from it, which will be realized during O/M stage of the project. The
Trans-Asian Railway link will use the bridge and the approach rails proposed in the project. Since the
Trans-Asian Railway is expected to bring huge benefits on railway transport sector, operation of the
approach rails will be a part of realizing these benefits. Typical railway transport benefits include safe,
cheaper and fast transport of goods/commodities, passengers, using the approach rails that will
promote business and commercial activities in both parts of the country, particularly in south-western
part. The benefits will go beyond the country and spread over the south and central Asian countries
that will use Trans-Asian Railway.
7.4.1.5 Construction of Public Utilities Network
172. Three public utility crossings are designed in the bridge:
 High pressure gas transmission pipeline;
 High voltage power transmission line; and
 Optical fiber telecommunication cable.
173. These facilities in the bridge will be operational once their associated lines from sources have
been completed. Construction of these associated lines connecting the existing network is beyond the
scope of this project. Concerned department dealing with the corresponding facilities also do not have
any plan of their alignment at this stage. Therefore specific identification of environmental issues out
of their construction is difficult. However, typical assessment is made in the following section:

Major Negative Impact

 Agriculture
174. Agriculture: Construction of these networks will require land acquisition. It is expected that the
alignment will be through open land which is primarily used for agriculture purpose. As such,
agriculture production will be potentially affected.

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 CHAPTER 8:

ENVIRONMENTAL
MANAGEMENT AND
MONITORING PLAN
Table of Contents
8 Environmental Management and Monitoring Plan 8-3
8.1 Guiding Principles of EMMP 8-3
8.1.1 Methodology 8-3
8.1.2 Mitigation/Protection/Compensation Measures 8-4
8.1.2.1 Avoidance/Prevention 8-4
8.1.2.2 Modification 8-4
8.1.2.3 Control/Mitigation 8-5
8.1.2.4 Protection/Insulation 8-5
8.1.2.5 Relocation/Compensation 8-5
8.1.2.6 Enhancement 8-5
8.1.3 Monitoring Mechanism 8-5
8.1.4 Budget Estimates 8-6
8.1.5 Institutional Framework for Implementation of EMMP 8-6
8.2 Management of Project related Impacts 8-7
8.3 Environmental Code of Practices (ECP) 8-8
8.4 Resettlement Action Plan 8-33
8.5 Dredge Material Management Plan 8-35
8.6 Emergency Response Plan 8-40
8.7 Addressing Associated and Regional Scale Impacts 8-40
8.8 Adaptation of EMMP during Implementation 8-40
8.9 Compensation and Environmental Enhancement Plans 8-41
8.10 Hydro-meteorological Monitoring Station 8-56
8.11 Environment Enhancement Fund 8-57

Annexure
Annex 8 1: Environmental Code of Practices
Annex 8 2: Project Entitlement Matrix
Annex 8 3: Emergency Response Plan

List of Tables
Table 8-1: Environmental Management and Monitoring Plan 8-9
Table 8-2: Environmental Monitoring Plan during Construction and Operation 8-25
Table 8-3: Summary of Costs of EMP during Construction and O/M 8-32
Table 8-4: Summary of Costs for Monitoring during Construction and O/M 8-33
Table 8-5: Dredge Material Requirement for Filling up of Project Sites 8-36
Table 8-6: Proposed budget for dredge material management plan 8-40
Table 8-7: Locations and Details of Resettlement Sites 8-41
Table 8-8: Details of Proposed Plantation in the Project Sites 8-45
Table 8-9: Cost Estimates for Tree Plantation Plan 8-46
Table 8-10: Budget for Wildlife Baseline Establishment and Monitoring 8-52
Table 8-11: Estimated budget for the Protected Sanctuary in Padma 8-52
Table 8-12: Cost of Visitor Centre at Mawa 8-52
Table 8-13: Details of Anticipated Income & Livelihood Restoration Options for AH 8-56
Table 8-14: Budget for Establishment of Hydro-meteorological Station 8-57
Table 8-15: Projected Revenues Collections from Toll and EEF 8-58

List of Figures
Figure 8-1: Framework for Preparation of EMMP during Construction and O/M 8-3

8-1
Figure 8-2: Guiding Principles for Derivation of Mitigation Measures 8-4
Figure 8-3: Proposed Institutional Framework for EMMP Implementation 8-7
Figure 8-4: Maximum size of Charland reclamation area if all dredged material from south bank
RTW is used for reclamation 8-38
Figure 8-5: Reclamation Area with Silt Pond 8-39

8-2
8 Environmental Management and Monitoring Plan
8.1 Guiding Principles of EMMP

8.1.1 Methodology

1. Environmental Management and Monitoring Plan (EMMP) is prepared for all the identified
environmental impacts during pre-construction, construction and O/M stages due to implementation of
various Project activities and associated development. The methodology followed for preparing the
EMMP is given in Figure 8-1 and consists of the following steps:

 Deriving mitigation/protection measures for identified impacts for each of the Project activity
and environmental component,
 Recommend mitigation, compensation and enhancement measures for each identified
impacts and risks,
 Developing a mechanism for monitoring the proposed mitigation measures,
 Estimating budget requirements for implementation mitigation and monitoring measures, and
 Identifying responsibilities of various agencies involved in the Project for implementation and
monitoring of mitigation measures.

Impact
Identification

Mitigation /
Compensation / Monitoring
Enhancement Mechanism
Measures Institutional
Framework for
Implementation
and Supervision;
Budget for and Operation &
Mitigation and Maintenance
Monitoring

Environmental
Management and
Monitoring Plan

Figure 8-1: Framework for Preparation of EMMP during Construction and O/M

8-3
2. The EMMP prepared in accordance with the above framework is given in Table 8-1 and Table 8-2
and each of the components in the framework is discussed in the following sections. The EMMP will
be included in all the bid documents of the Project and will become a part of the civil works contract.
The strict implementation of the EMMP and project management’s strict enforcement of the adequate
construction practices and standards will greatly reduce the negative impacts of the Project.
8.1.2 Mitigation/Protection/Compensation Measures

3. A wide range of mitigation/protection measures are used to address various identified

environmental impacts. These mitigation/protection/compensation measures are derived based on the
guiding principles shown in Figure 8-2. The guiding principles consists of six possibilities, three (viz.
avoidance, modification and control/mitigation) for project activity and three (viz. protection,
relocation/compensation, and enhancement) for environmental component. The most effective
combination of all these strategies (in terms of its applicability and cost-effectiveness) are found and
then incorporated in the EMMP. A brief description of each of these possibilities is given below.

Project Activities Avoid or Eliminate Modify Activity Add Control/

Activity Mitigation Measures

Relocate/ Enhance
Environmental Insulate Receptors Compensate Environmental
Components from Impacts/Risks Affected Receptors Component

Figure 8-2: Guiding Principles for Derivation of Mitigation Measures

8.1.2.1 Avoidance/Prevention

4. The way to ensure the greatest degree of protection for an environmental feature is to avoid
impacting the feature. Avoidance/prevention means essentially keeping away from environmentally
sensitive areas by locating (sitting) or reducing the size of project activity. Because of number of
competing interests that must be taken into account during the design, it is not possible to avoid all
impacts. The examples include:

 Change alignment or reducing the dimensions of interchanges to avoid impact on vegetation

 Avoid piling in fish migratory routes and wildlife breeding grounds

8.1.2.2 Modification

5. In some cases modification of a project activity or its implementation under special conditions (e.g.,
timing of activities, buffers around nesting areas) will greatly reduce or control the adverse impacts.
For example

 The impact on navigation channels and canals can be minimized by modifying the design of
river training structures.
 Selection of appropriate dredging techniques will reduce water turbidity.
 Modification of piling techniques will reduce the noise impacts on migratory birds.

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8.1.2.3 Control/Mitigation

6. It is not possible or even practical to avoid all impacts. Following proper control/mitigation
measures will reduce (i.e., control) the extent of impact on the environment. The best construction
practices also helps in reducing the extent of impact. For example:

 Tree felling prior to birds’ breeding time will reduce the impact on bird’s habitat
 The intensity of the noise impact on a noise sensitive area will be lessened by using low
noise/vibration generating equipment or incorporating noise dampeners.
 Management of products, fuels, waste and excess materials during construction will minimize
waste generation and associated impacts and will also minimize impacts associated with
material handling and storage.

8.1.2.4 Protection/Insulation

7. Protection/insulation of receptors from impacts will reduce the impacts that remain after control
measures have been used. The extent of these measures will be proportional to the environmental
significance of the feature to be affected and the ability to reasonably mitigate the impacts. For
example

 Fencing around the designated areas of winter birds and habitats to avoid human
encroachment
 Noise walls/barriers are an example of insulation measures used to mitigate noise impacts.
8.1.2.5 Relocation/Compensation

8. Compensation refers to the provision of “equivalent” environmental features. For example,

 Loss of aquatic and wildlife habitats are compensated with the establishment of a Protected
Area in Charland.
 Tree plantation along the approach road, RTW alignment, and around the resettlement sites.

8.1.2.6 Enhancement

9. Enhancement refers to the provision of features that are an improvement over previous
environmental conditions. For example

 Development of green belts

 Promote ecological conservation
 Providing training and opportunities for the affected community

8.1.3 Monitoring Mechanism

10. Monitoring of environmental components and mitigation measures during construction and
operation stages is a key component of the EMMP. The objectives of the monitoring are to (i) monitor
changes in the environment during various stages of the project life cycle with respect to baseline
conditions; and (ii) manage environmental issues arising from construction works through closely
monitoring the environmental compliances. A monitoring mechanism is developed for each identified
impact and it includes:

 Location of the monitoring (near the Project activity, sensitive receptors or within the Project
influence area)
 Means of monitoring, i.e. parameters of monitoring and methods of monitoring (visual
inspection, consultations, interviews, surveys, field measurements, or sampling and analysis)
 Frequency of monitoring (daily, weekly, monthly, seasonally, annually or during
implementation of a particular activity)

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11. The monitoring program will also include regular monitoring of construction activities for their
compliance with the environmental requirements as per relevant standards, specifications and EMMP;
The purpose of such monitoring is to assess the performance of the undertaken mitigation measures
and to immediately formulate additional mitigation measures and/or modify the existing ones aimed at
meeting the environmental compliance as appropriate during construction. Environmental monitoring
program is presented in Table 8-2.

12. The environmental parameters that may be qualitatively and quantitatively measured and
compared are selected as ‘explicit indicators’ and recommended for monitoring during project
implementation and O/M stages. These monitoring indicators will be continuously monitored (Table
8-2) to ensure compliance with the national or other applicable standards and comparison with the
baseline conditions established during design stage. The list of indicators and their applicable
standards to ensure compliance are given below:

 Air quality (PM10, PM2.5, SPM, SO2, NOx, Pb) – Bangladesh National Standards
 Noise levels – Bangladesh National Standards
 Underwater noise levels (Peak, SEL and RMS) – NOAA standards
 Surface Water Quality (Turbidity, TSS, TDS, pH, TDS, EC, Cl, NH3-N, Fe, As, DO, BOD,
COD, TC, FC, Oil and Grease) – Bangladesh National Standards
 Groundwater Quality (pH, Mn, Fe, EC, NH3-N, total hardness, Cl, total and fecal
coliforms) – Bangladesh National Standards
 River-Bed Materials: Metals (As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg, Ni, Pb, Se, Mn, and Zn) – US EPA
Standards
 Number of identified critical wildlife species and catch of fishes– Comparison with
Baseline Environment
 Hilsa Migration Depth: Monitor to confirm the depth of Hilsa migration in deep channel.

8.1.4 Budget Estimates

13. Cost estimates are prepared for all the mitigation and monitoring measures proposed in the
EMMP. The details of the cost estimates and the budget during construction stage and first five years
of operation stage for the mitigation measures are given in Table 8-3 and for monitoring measures are
given in Table 8-4. The cost estimates for some of the mitigation measures that were already part of
civil works contract or resettlement action plans (RAP) are not included in the EMMP.

14. The cost estimates also includes the budget for environmental monitoring, consultants for EMMP
implementation, institutional strengthening and capacity building of PIU and environmental
enhancement/compensation measures. The total budget for EMMP implementation is estimated to be
about US$ 18.6 million.
8.1.5 Institutional Framework for Implementation of EMMP

15. Various institutions will be involved during implementation of the Project as shown in Figure 8-3. A
detailed description of these institutions and their roles and responsibilities during implementation of
the Project are given in the Chapter 9 on Institutional Strengthening. Contractor is responsible for
implementation of EMMP during construction works and Construction Supervision Consultant (CSC) is
primarily responsible for supervision of monitoring of the implementation of the EMMP. BBA will be
supported by a Project Management Consultant (PMC) to advise and assist BBA in quality and
capacity enhancement and independent quality monitoring. O/M Contractor will be responsible for
implementation of EMMP during O/M stage. Relevant institutions responsible for implementation and
supervision of proposed mitigation and monitoring measures are given in the EMMP.

16. Each Contractor procured under this Project (especially the contractors for main bridge and RTW)
will be recommended to be a compliant of ISO 14001, 2004 Environmental Management System
(EMS) certification. Further conditions of compliancy for OHSAH 18000 (2007) related Occupational
Health and Safety (OHS) and SA 8000 (Social Accountability) could also be imposed on the
Contractors. Each contractor will be recommended to have one Environmental Specialist and one

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Occupational, Health and Safety (OH) Specialist, who will be working in close coordination with the
environmental staff of CSC and PIU.

17. CSC will be responsible to monitor all activities of all contractors procured under the Project. As
several contractors will be working simultaneously for timely and speedy implementation of the project,
it is important that CSC has an environmental unit to effectively supervise and monitor the
environmental activities being implemented in the field. Details of the environmental consultants of
CSC and their responsibilities are given in the Chapter 9. The CSC is also responsible to update or
make necessary changes to the EMMP if required based on the revised designs and locations.
18. A combined grievance redress committee is proposed to address grievances in both social and
environmental issues. In addition, there will be NGOs working for plantation program and
environmental awareness and other consultants working under small contract for the introduction of
alternative energy, improved cooked stove, and aerobic composting.

BBA
Executive
Director

Environmental
PIU Panel of
Management
Project Director Experts
Committee

Dept. of Environment, RHD,

Bangladesh Railway
Construction
Safeguard
Supervision
Department
Consultant Twinning Institutes
(BUET, CEGIS, BWDB,
IUCN, BAEC, DofM etc.)

Contractors/ Grievance
NGOs/ Small Redress
Contract Committee
O/M Contractor

Command line

EMMP Coordination Line

Figure 8-3: Proposed Institutional Framework for EMMP Implementation

8.2 Management of Project related Impacts

19. An EMMP has been prepared for each identified high and medium ranked impact/risk and
presented in Table 8-1. This EMMP is divided into three sections, pre-construction, construction, and
O/M. Again each section is further divided into Project activity to address activity wise impacts. Each
impact in the EMMP is addressed by the following steps

 Activity

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  Impact
 Mitigation measures
 Monitoring means
 Frequency of Monitoring
 Budget
 Implementation agency
 Supervision Agency

20. The contractor also has to refer to the corresponding ECPs proposed in the next section for
additional and specific measures to be adopted while implementing the EMMP.

8.3 Environmental Code of Practices (ECP)

21. A Standard Environmental Code of Practice (ECP) has been prepared to address all general
construction related and environmental impacts of the PMBP. The ECPs will provide guidelines for
best operating practices and environmental management guidelines to be followed by the contractors
for sustainable management of all environmental issues. This ECP could be annexed in the general
conditions of all the contracts carried out under the PMBP.

22. The list of ECPs prepared for the PMBP is given below and the ECPs are given in Annex 8.1.

 ECP 1: Waste Management

 ECP 2: Fuels and Hazardous Goods Management
 ECP 3: Water Resources Management
 ECP 4: Drainage Management
 ECP 5: Soil Quality Management
 ECP 6: Erosion and Sediment Control
 ECP 7: Top Soil Management
 ECP 8: Topography and Landscaping
 ECP 9: Borrow Areas Development & Operation
 ECP 10: Air Quality Management
 ECP 11: Noise and Vibration Management
 ECP 12: Protection of Flora
 ECP 13: Protection of Fauna
 ECP 14: Protection of Fisheries
 ECP 15: Road Transport and Road Traffic Management
 ECP 16: River Transport management
 ECP 17: Construction Camp Management
 ECP 18: Cultural and Religious Issues
 ECP 19: Workers Health and Safety

23. It is recommended that all major contractors to be procured under the Project will be a compliant of
ISO 14001. This will be done by BBA imposing the requirements of ISO certification during
prequalification of contractors. These Contractors can also prepare a ‘Construction Environmental
Action Plan’ (CEAP) demonstrating the manner in which they will comply with the requirements of
ECPs and the mitigation measures proposed in the EMMP of the EIA Report. The CEAP will form the
part of the contract documents and will be used as monitoring tool for compliance. Violation of the
compliance requirements will be treated as non-compliance leading to the corrections or otherwise
imposing penalty on the contractors.

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 Table 8-1: Environmental Management and Monitoring Plan
Project Environmental Mitigation/Compensation Measures Budget, Institutional
Activities Impacts USD Responsibilities
Implementation Supervision
I. PRE-CONSTRUCTION STAGE
1. Land Acquisition and Resettlement
Acquisition of about  Provide compensation in accordance with ‘resettlement action plans’ US$208 DC/BBA/ NGO/
Land 1,144 ha land for (RAPs) million INGO External
Acquisition the project.  Engage NGOs for implementation of RAP (Included in Monitor
Requisition of about  Establish Monitoring Unit involving 3 parties (BBA, co-financiers and RAPs)
81 ha land on a PAPs) for monitoring purposes
temporary basis
(for about 6 years)

Land Impact on Cultural  Design to avoid the mosque/ mazaar by adjusting the approach road and US$73,529 DC, PIU,
Acquisition for and religious rail road viaducts. (Included in BBA Representa
PCRs sensitivity of the  If , it has to be relocated then, Compensate as per assessed by DC RAP) tive from
community  Undertake community consultation to determine all relocation community,
arrangements External
 Coordinate site selection, design and estimate, site development and Monitor
reconstruction in consultation with authorized representative of the
mosque/community
 Associated facilities such as power, water supply etc. will be provided at
the new mosque

Agriculture Agricultural land  Demonstrate measures for changing cropping pattern to compensate the 1,000,000 PIU, NGOs BBA, DAE
Production loss (about 764 ha) loss of crop production including development of demonstrating plots USD
Loss  Provide training program for the farmers and technical support to them (Included in
 Bring fallow lands under agricultural cultivation RAP)

Resettlement  4,975 households  Establish 4 Resettlement Sites (RS) for PAPs with basic infrastructure US$62.3 PIU, INGO, CSC, PIU
will be affected facilities such as roads, drains, water supply, garbage disposal site, million (Ref. NGOs
through loss of sanitation, school, mosque, health centre, market, play ground, power RAPs)
structures supply, and greenbelts.
(housing,  Accommodate 1,944 households in Resettlement sites
business and  Create job opportunities for those who lost employments due to land
other structures) acquisition in the construction and post construction O/M

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 Project Environmental Mitigation/Compensation Measures Budget, Institutional
Activities Impacts USD Responsibilities
Implementation Supervision
 26,692 persons  Encourage women participation in construction works
will be affected

2. Resettlement Site Development

Development Loss of 60.59 ha of  A stand alone EA/IEE for RS is prepared for the development of US$25.17 NGOs, PIU
of agriculture land and Resettlement sites (Vol. 1 of EAP). million (Ref. Contractors
Resettlement 17,536 trees, 1.5 ha RAP1)
Sites of ponds, and
construction related
impacts such loss of
top soils, noise
impacts.
3. Construction Yard
Site Conversion of  Provision of adequate and timely compensation for standing crops and Included in Contractors CSC , PIU
preparation agriculture land into trees prior to clearing of the site, civil works
construction site,  Proper cutting and storing of vegetations and storing at suitable locations contract
damage of for burning
vegetations (crops,  Strip off top soils (depth about 0.5m) and stock pile them. Later, reuse
trees etc.) and top the top soils on top of the dredged sand
soils  Follow ECPs 12 and 13 on Protection of Flora and Fauna while tree
cutting

Earth filling Pollution from  Testing of quality of dredged materials used for land filling to confirm 4,050 (Ref: Contractor CSC, PIU
and overflow of filled whether soil is pollution free. If found contaminated borrow materials Monitoring
Compaction earth (dredged from approved sites will be used. Budget)
materials)  Usage of dredge material for land filling in accordance with Dredge
Material Disposal Plan
Erosion from the filled  Proper compaction of sediments Included in Contractor CSC, PIU
materials and side  Construction of Side Slope of Filled Land of 1:2 by suitable soils with civil works
slope of filled lands proper compaction as per design. Slope surface should be covered by contract
top soils/ cladding materials and grass turfings with suitable grass.
 Earth filling for side slope of filled lands should be done only within the
boundary line of the CY to avoid damage to adjacent agricultural land,
crops, trees or any other properties. In case of damage by any
construction activity, adequate compensation should be paid to the

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 Project Environmental Mitigation/Compensation Measures Budget, Institutional
Activities Impacts USD Responsibilities
Implementation Supervision
owner in time.

Leaching from the  Provision of sub-surface drainage: Leaching from the sediments should Included in Contractor CSC, PIU
filled sediments may be contained to seep into the subsoil or should be diverted to settling civil works of BBA
damage nearby lagoons before final disposal to nearby drains. contract
agricultural lands
Reducing flood plain  Provide adequate drainage structure at appropriate locations to avoid Included in Contractor CSC, PIU
storage area and local flooding. civil works of BBA
increase local contract
flooding.

Development Damage of local  Repair all damaged local roads to their original state after the land filling Included in Contractor CSC, PIU
of Construction roads is completed. civil works of BBA
yards and Dust, air and noise  Dust suppression measures with spraying of water should be taken for contract
construction pollution all roads used for transport.
activities  Implement ECPs 10 and 11 on air quality and noise management
Impacts on traffic  Implement ECP 15 on traffic management Included in Contractor CSC, PIU
safety  Ensure that all construction vehicles observe speed limits on the civil works of BBA
construction sites and on public roads contract
 Provide adequate signage, barriers, and flag persons for traffic control.
 Fit audible warning devices in vehicles to alert during reversing.
Water Supply Lack of safe water  Establish safe water supply system for the construction workers. Included in Contractor CSC, PIU
supply impacts Civil Works of BBA
workers health contract

Arsenic, manganese,  Depth of tube well should be minimum 300m. All wells should be tested 6,750 (Ref: Contractor CSC, PIU
and iron for arsenic, iron and manganese before installing of casing. If the quality Monitoring of BBA
contamination of is found not suitable further deepening is required Budget)
groundwater
Drains Drains if not  Strict adherence to design standards and dimensions. Included in Contractor CSC, PIU
constructed as per  Reduce infiltration of contaminated drainage through storm water civil works
design will overflow management design contract
during monsoon
Plantation Improved  Plantation should be done around the construction yards Included in Contractor CSC, PIU
environmental  Selection of tree species and space between the trees should be the

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 Project Environmental Mitigation/Compensation Measures Budget, Institutional
Activities Impacts USD Responsibilities
Implementation Supervision
conditions of maintained Plantation
Construction yard  Water all plants regularly budget

II. CONSTRUCTION STAGE

1. Main Bridge
Large Exploration of illegal Environmental permits of suppliers from relevant authority Included in Contractor PIU
quantities of source civil works
material Import contract
Dredging for Local turbidity at Dredging takes place below the surrounding riverbed Included in Contractor CSC
access/transit cutter heads civil works
channel and contract
barge Loss of wildlife and Compensation by establishment of Padma protected sanctuary $1,350,000 Contractor PIU
movement aquatic habitat
Establishment of Charland Visitor Center $430,000
Mobilization of Road Safety and  Implement ECP 15 on Road Transport and Included in Contractor CSC, PIU,
equipment and Traffic Management Road Safety Management. civil works Local
Materials  Ensure that all construction vehicles observe speed limits on the contract Governmen
through road construction sites and on public roads ts, Police
 Provide adequate signage, barriers, and flag persons for traffic control.
 Fit audible warning devices in all vehicles to alert during reversing.

Damage of local  Maintain all existing roads in traffic worthy condition ensuring Included in Contractor CSC, PIU,
roads due to maintenance of uninterrupted movement of traffic. Civil Works LGED
movement of heavy  Temporary bypasses to be constructed and maintained (including dust
axle loads control) during the construction period particularly at bridge crossings.
 Form a grievance redress committee in association with affected
population before starting the civil work and advance notice must be
given to the community about the construction schedule.
 Repair the damaged local roads to their original condition after project
completion.

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 Project Environmental Mitigation/Compensation Measures Budget, Institutional
Activities Impacts USD Responsibilities
Implementation Supervision
Dust and emissions  Implement ECP 10 on ‘Air Quality Management’ Included in Contractor CSC, PIU
from construction  Each vehicle related to the construction has to have valid “Emission Civil Works
vehicles and Permit for motor vehicle” during construction
equipment may cause  Vehicular traffic through communities will be avoided as far as possible.
health problems or Vehicle speeds will be kept low if they should pass through
accidents and injuries communities.
to construction  Cover haul vehicles carrying dusty materials
workers and nearby  Watering of the un paved roads
community
Mobilization of  Affecting Charland  Minimum dredging of Charland and minimum disturbance to habitat Included in Contractors CSC, PIU
equipment and flora and avian  Implement ECPs 12 and 13 on Protection of Flora and Fauna the civil
materials fauna  Movement of barges should be within the designated project areas works
through river  Disposal of materials in accordance with the dredge material contract
 Dredging to management plan
increase navigation
depth,
access/transit
channels, and
equipment
maneuvering

Operations at Air pollution from  Implement ECP 10 on Air Quality Management 23,400 Contractor CSC, PIU
Construction material storage sites  Water to be sprayed during the construction phase in all mixing areas (Ref:
Yards and and mixing sites where dry materials are handled and / or crushed. Temporary access Monitoring
Construction roads to aggregate sites must be included in the dust suppression Budget)
Sites program. A spraying schedule will be prepared by the contractor and will
serve as the basis of a dust control program. The Project authorities will
regularly monitor this schedule.
 Materials to be covered in vehicles going to and from the construction
sites to reduce spills.

Noise pollution from  Implement ECP 11 on Nose and Vibration Management 10,800 Contractor CSC, PIU
operation of  Provide temporary noise barriers near the sensitive sites (Ref:
construction yard and  Vehicles and equipment to be fitted with the silencer and maintained Monitoring
construction activities accordingly Budget)

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 Project Environmental Mitigation/Compensation Measures Budget, Institutional
Activities Impacts USD Responsibilities
Implementation Supervision
 Use of vehicles, machineries and equipments that are of good quality
and generates noise as per their specifications

Pollution risk from fuel  Implement ECP 2 on ‘Fuels and Hazardous Goods Management’ Included in Contractor CSC
and other hazardous  Contractor to develop and undertake construction waste management civil works
material storage sites strategy for both hazardous and non-hazardous wastes separately. contract
 Contractor to confine the contaminants immediately after such
accidental spillage
 Contractor to collect contaminated soils, treat and dispose them in
environment friendly manner
 All areas intended for storage of hazardous materials to be quarantined
and provided with adequate facilities to combat emergency situations
complying all the applicable statutory stipulation
 Train the personnel in-charge of these sites to control access to these
areas and entry to be allowed only under authorization

Air and noise pollution  Routine maintenance and regular inspection of these generators. Included in Contractor CSC, PIU
from Operation of  Use of canopy for diesel/gas generators for noise control/reduction air quality
generators for monitoring
electricity generation budget
Surface water  Implement ECP 3 on ‘Water Resources Management’ 43,200 Contractor CSC, PIU
pollution  Discharge sediment laden construction water into settling lagoons or
tanks prior to final discharge
 Discharge alkaline water from the concrete works that consists of fine
particles into settling lagoons prior to final discharge
Solid Waste, excess  Implement ECP 1 on Waste Management Included in Contractor CSC, PIU
materials  Develop appropriate construction waste management strategy along civil works
with its strict adaptation contract
 Install proper waste disposal facilities;
 Organize proper collection and transportation of wastes
Occupational health  Implement ECP 19 on Workers Health and Safety Included in Contractor CSC, PIU
and safety issues  Ensure construction related safety measures as an integral part of the Civil Works
construction works
 Provision of adequate on site First Aid Boxes and treatment facilities

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 Project Environmental Mitigation/Compensation Measures Budget, Institutional
Activities Impacts USD Responsibilities
Implementation Supervision
Construction of Underwater noise  Use vibratory hammer. Under those conditions where impact hammers 30,000 Contractor CSC, PIU,
Substructure impacts on fisheries are required for reasons of seismic stability or substrate type, it is (Ref: External
(pile driving and other aquatic life recommended that the pile be driven as deep as possible with a Monitoring Monitor
and vibratory hammer prior to the use of the impact hammer. Budget)
concreting)  Monitor sound levels during pile driving to ensure that they do not and wild life
exceed the NOAA or any other international recognized criteria. monitoring
 Implement measures to attenuate the sound when sound pressure budget
levels exceed the NOAA or any other international recognized criteria.
Methods to reduce the sound pressure levels include, but are not limited
to:
o installation of underwater enclosures to minimize sound
o Surround the pile with an air bubble curtain system or air-filled
coffer dam.
o Use a smaller hammer to reduce the sound pressure. The
sound produced in pile driving has a direct relationship to the
force used to drive the pile. A smaller hammer will have less
force on the pile therefore, producing less sound.
 Use a hydraulic hammer if impact driving cannot be avoided. The force
of the hammer blow can be controlled with hydraulic hammers, and
reducing the impact force will reduce the intensity of the resulting sound.
Impact on the annual  A construction window is proposed for piling schedule to reduce the Part of civil Contractor CSC, PIU
juvenile Hilsa impact on Hilsa migration. Since juvenile Hilsa migration in the bridge works
migration and other site predominantly takes place during March-May through two deep contract
fish species. channels (>7m) located on Mawa side, it is recommended that no piling and wild life
activity will be taken up during March to May in deep channels. It is monitoring
recommended that contractor has to conduct the bathymetric surveys budget
every year immediately after the monsoon season to locate these deep
channels and revise the piling schedule accordingly.
 Hilsa migration monitoring as per the schedule of ecological survey to
confirm the actual depth of migration at bridge site
Impact on dolphin and Restrict piling during dolphin breeding period (April-July) in channels with Part of civil Contractor CSC, PIU,
other aquatic life. >7m water column. During other season, an exclusion zone of 500m radius works External
should be monitored for at least 30 minute before the start of piling. If contract Monitor
dolphins are observed in the exclusion zone, piling works should be delayed
until they have left the area. If dolphins enter the exclusion zone after piling

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 Project Environmental Mitigation/Compensation Measures Budget, Institutional
Activities Impacts USD Responsibilities
Implementation Supervision
has commenced, piling works should cease until they have left. It is also
recommended that adoption of a ‘soft start’; using a low energy start to the
operations would give dolphins an opportunity to leave the area. In addition,
the following mitigation measures are proposed:
 Gradually ramp up the sound levels to scare the dolphins away
before piling proper commences
 Use pingers upstream and downstream to chase away dolphins
 Monitor area for dolphins to ensure they are well away from the
piling site – scare them away if they are two close to the site using
pingers

Impact on turtle and  Limit the construction activity within the designated areas Part of civil Contractor CSC, PIU
gharial habitat  Check the site for turtle or gharial trapped in, or in danger from civil works
works and use a qualified person to relocate the animal. contract
 Monitor area to ensure they are well away from the piling site – scare
them away if they are too close to the site using pingers

Impact of air noise  Acoustic enclosure should be placed to cover the hammer and the Included in Contractor CSC, PIU,
levels on endangered exposed pile to reduce the air noise. The air noise levels can be reduced civil works External
and migratory birds to about 60 dB with these measures contract Monitor
Vegetation clearing on  Avoid to damage vegetation in the Charland Included in Contractor CSC, PIU
the Char located  Implement ECPs 12 and 13 on Protection of Flora and Fauna civil works
along the alignment contract
Risk of water  Unused concrete should not be disposed into the river water. Included in Contractor CSC, PIU
contamination with  Unused concrete should be collected properly and disposed in the civil works
concrete designated waste dumping site. contract
Construction of Occupational, health  Implement ECP 19 on Workers Health and Safety Included in Contractor CSC, PIU
Superstructure and Safety  Provision of adequate lighting along the bridge alignment and in the civil works
area particularly where construction works will take place contract
 Proper safety training for all participating in the construction works and
distribution of PPE (such as helmets, masks, safety shoes and goggles,
rain coats, ear plugs etc.) to the construction labors, engineers.

Air pollution from  Proper safety training for all participating in the welding works and Included in Contractor CSC, PIU

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 Project Environmental Mitigation/Compensation Measures Budget, Institutional
Activities Impacts USD Responsibilities
Implementation Supervision
welding distribution of personal protective equipments (such as helmets, masks, civil works
safety shoes and goggles, rain coats, ear plugs etc.) to the construction contract
labors, engineers.
Movement of barges  Movement of Barges only within the designated areas in the river. Included in Contractor CSC, PIU
in the river civil works
contract
2. River Training Works
Dredging and Loss of wildlife and  Compensation by establishment of Padma protected sanctuary $1,350,000 Contractor PIU
construction aquatic habitat
works  Establishment of Charland Visitor Center $430,000
Impact on surface  Increase coverage of open surface area by planting grass and creepers Included in Contractor CSC, PIU
water quality due to so that washing away of materials from sloped surfaces would be civil works
eroded soils and reduced to a significant extent. contract
underwater slope  Store the construction materials containing fine particles, e.g. limestone
protection works. or laterite, in an enclosure such that sediment laden water does not Included in
drain into nearby watercourses, but rather percolates slowly into the soil. the
 Provide fences, sediment barriers etc., to prevent siltation in the monitoring
construction sites. budget
Air and noise pollution  All equipment should be properly maintained in compliance with Included in Contractor CSC, PIU,
from dredging manufacturers guidelines Monitoring
Equipment Budget
Water contamination  Ensure the quality of wastewater to be disposed into adjacent water Included in Contractor CSC, PIU,
in the adjacent water bodies,; civil works External
bodies and  Compensate the financial loss associated with the disposal of such contract Monitor
agricultural lands from waste water into private ponds/lands
wastewater from  Discharge sediment laden construction water into settling lagoons or
dredge material tanks prior to final discharge.
storage/backfilling etc. Ensure sufficient retention time to allow waste water disposal from land
filling sites in the adjacent lands with required SS level
Dredge materials  Disposal dredge materials will be carried out in accordance with the 1.9 million Contractor CSC, PIU,
disposal Dredge material management plan. External
Monitor
Drainage problem  Design and implement drainage structures around the RTW and landfill Contractor CSC, PIU
behind RTW works sites
and around the land-

8-17
 Project Environmental Mitigation/Compensation Measures Budget, Institutional
Activities Impacts USD Responsibilities
Implementation Supervision
filling site
Loss of vegetation  Implement Tree compensation and greenbelt development plan to 1,383,123 Contractor, PIU
and agriculture crops develop vegetation around the Project sites (Ref: NGO
in 56 ha in Mawa side Plantation
and 272 ha in Janjira Budget)
side.
Loss of vegetation  Compensation by establishing Padma Protected Sanctuary for $1,350,000 Contractor PIU
and wild life habitat on compensation of lost vegetation on char.
the chars due to  Development of a visitor center $430,000
disposal of materials
Interference with local  Implement ECO on River Transport Management Included in Contractor CSC, PIU,
navigation and  Provide adequate navigation clearance for the passenger and goods civil works BWTA
hindrance to the river carrying boats/lunches/cargos contract
traffic
3. Approach Roads
Clearing of Loss of 326,120m3  Collect/strip top soil before earth-filling and store and re-use it for final Included in Contractor CSC, PIU
sites top soils (50cm depth) surfacing of road embankment and tree plantation civil works
 Implement ECP 7 on Top Soil Management contract
Cutting of 80,257  Tree plantation (about 149,791 trees) along roadside open spaces within Included in NGO FD/PIU
trees RoW Plantation
 Implement ECP 12 on Protection of Flora budget
 Loss of  Undertake agriculture development plan to boost up crop production 1,000,000 NGO CSC, PIU
agricultural lands  Development of 2 demonstration plots along with training to farmers for (Ref: ILRP,
of 124 ha high yield variety of crop production. RAP)
 Loss of
production of
4,188 tons of
crops
Earth-filling by Soil contamination  Ensure that dredge materials do not contain heavy metals exceeding the 4,050 (Ref: EU under SU CSC, PIU
dredge from use dredge international standards by testing prior to using it Monitoring of BBA
materials material for earth-  Outflow from hydraulic fill should have max. retention time to enhance Budget)
filling settling at the reclaimed site;
 Outflow water quality should not deteriorate the receiving water
 Prevent spillage of filling soil on private properties.
Roadside drainage  Provision of cross-drainage structures (6 bridges, 14 culverts, see Table Included in Contractor CSC, PIU

8-18
 Project Environmental Mitigation/Compensation Measures Budget, Institutional
Activities Impacts USD Responsibilities
Implementation Supervision
congestion leading to 2.5 for their location) civil works
water logging over contract
large area
 Obstruction to  Provide adequate numbers and waterway opening for cross drainage Included in Contractor CSC, PIU
free flow of flood structures to avoid drainage congestion during monsoon; civil works
water  Ensure drainage provision around the areas where the dredge materials contract
 Directing water to will be stored and/or backfilled for land reclamation
flow into selected  Provide adequate slope protection works for the slopes of the backfilled
cross drainage areas
structures  Inspection of drainage congestion
 Drainage  Avoid water congestion by regular cleaning of drains
congestion
 Erosion and
siltation
Operation of Air pollution and dust  Undertake precautionary measures for reducing dust emissions from DG Contractor CSC, PIU
hot mix plants, generation sets, hot mix plants, crushers and batching plants;
etc.  Provide adequate stack height and dust extraction systems for the hot
Transportation mix plants
of construction  Ensure Water spreading to suppress dusts particularly during dry and
materials and windy weather
carrying out  Provide Grass cover immediately after the completion of final earth
construction surface along with watering until they grow and survive
activities  Tree plantation on the slopes all along the approach road and railway
embankment and other areas of RS, construction yards, construction
camps, to reduce the effect of emission of dust and pollutants on the
adjacent/nearby communities
 Monitor ambient air quality and comply with the standards by reducing
the emission levels of air pollutants
Asphalting Spills from Bitumen  Disposal of Bitumen will not be allowed to enter either running or dry Included in Contractor CSC, PIU
plants may streambeds and nor will be disposed of in ditches or small waste civil works
contaminate surface disposal sites prepared by the contractor. contract
water quality during  Bitumen storage and mixing areas must be protected against spills.
- Thinning of  Proper handling of contaminated soil according to DOE standards.
bitumen  As a minimum, these areas must be contained, as to allow immediate
- Leaks in collection and clean up

8-19
 Project Environmental Mitigation/Compensation Measures Budget, Institutional
Activities Impacts USD Responsibilities
Implementation Supervision
drums  Careful management of any petroleum products used in the preparation
- Handling of of the bitumen mixture to avoid spills and contamination of the local
bitumen water table.
Impact on Traffic  Implement ECP 15 on Traffic Management and Road Safety. Included in Contractor CSC, PIU
safety  Control speed of construction vehicles through road safety education civil works
and fines. contract
 Allow adequate traffic flow around construction areas.
 Provide adequate signage, barriers and flag persons for traffic control.

Traffic jams and  Communicate to the public through community consultation and Included in Contractor CSC, PIU
congestions newspaper announcements regarding the scope and schedule of civil works
construction, as well as certain construction activities causing contract
disruptions or access restrictions.
 Implement ECP 15 on Traffic Management and Road Safety.

4. Bridge End Facilities

Site Clearance Loss of 204,585m3  Collect/strip top soil before earth-filling and store and re-use it for final Included in Contractor CSC, PIU
and top soils surfacing of railway embankment and tree plantation civil works
preparation contract
Loss of 4,943 trees  Tree plantation to compensate the lost trees and agriculture promotion included in Contractor CSC, PIU
and 89 ha of activities Plantation
agriculture lands budget
5. Construction Camps
Establishment Lack of proper  Provision of necessary facilities in construction camps as given in ECP Included in Contractor CSC, PIU,
of camps services in camps 17 on Construction Camp Management. civil works External
such as safe drinking Monitor
water and sanitation.
Maintenance Contamination from  Implement waste management activities as given in ECP 17 on Included in Contractor CSC, PIU,
of camps solid waste Construction Camp Management civil works External
 All construction materials will be reused, recycled and properly disposed Monitor
of. All worn out parts, equipment and empty containers must be
removed from the site to a proper storage location designated by BBA.
 There will be no site-specific landfills established by the contractors. All
solid waste will be collected and removed from the work camps and
disposed in local waste disposal sites.

8-20
 Project Environmental Mitigation/Compensation Measures Budget, Institutional
Activities Impacts USD Responsibilities
Implementation Supervision
There will be potential  Implement Health and Hygiene guidelines in ECP on Construction Camp Contractor CSC, PIU,
for diseases to be Management External
transmitted including  Implement ECP 17 on Workers Health and Safety Monitor
malaria, exacerbated  Environmental specialists and occupational, health and safety specialist
by inadequate health to be hired to monitor workers health, safety and hygiene for entire
and safety practices. construction period of 3 years
There will be an 
increase risk of
sexually transmitting
infections and HIV
AIDs
III. OPERATIONS AND
MAINTENANCE STAGE
1. Main Bridge
Road and rail  Deterioration in  Closed windows will reduce the noise level within the train. O/M BBA/BR
traffic noise quality in  Bangladesh Railway can take initiative for awareness campaign to rail Contractor
the train. passengers by putting some appropriate messages within the passenger
bogy like `close windows to reduce noise effect on your ears’
Operation ofVehicle accidents,  Environmental Response Plan is prepared for undertaking measures for ERP O/M BBA
the bridge Accidental spillage of emergency evacuation of vehicles, victims from bridge budget Contractor
oils/fuels, lubricants  Environmental Response Plan is prepared for addressing gas leakage (1,228,455)
Gas leakage and and explosions
explosion
2. River Training Structures
Operation of Drainage congestion,  Undertake visual inspection of erosion on embankment of RTW slopes O/M BBA
river training soil erosion and particularly due to rain-cut and formulate and implement erosion Contractor
structures siltation protection measures, such as grassing, structural drainage as found
appropriate.
 Regular monitoring of morphological changes of river at the bridge
locations and along the RTW and formulate bank protection work
immediately for implementation, particularly during monsoon.

3. Approach Roads
Vehicular Increase noise level  Noise models suggest noise levels are within the standards during O/M. 7,500 USD O/M BBA
movement because of enhanced However, if any exceedance are noticed during O/M, construct noise for noise Contractor

8-21
 Project Environmental Mitigation/Compensation Measures Budget, Institutional
Activities Impacts USD Responsibilities
Implementation Supervision
traffic volume. barriers at sensitive locations such as health care units/hospitals. monitoring.
 Put signage for noise regulations at these locations with clear Funding
instructions of not using horns and running vehicles with form EEF
limited/allowable speeds. for noise
 Maintain tree plantation on both sides of the roads barriers if
 Noise monitoring will be taken up during first 5 years of operation. required
Deterioration in  Ensure that the road vehicles have appropriate road permit certificates 19,500 Monitoring by BBA
roadside ambient air to ensure that they do not pollute air O/M
quality that will affect  Carry out onsite testing for assessing emission levels of pollutants from Contractor;
the roadside human vehicles running on road Policy
settlement,  Strictly adopt measures of vehicle inspections and ban those vehicles implementati
development emitting excessive pollutants beyond the permissible limits on by
Ministry of
Communicati
ons
Drainage leading to  Monitor drainage pattern after high down pouring and recession flood BBA O/M O/M BBA
water logging and  Connect water pockets to the nearest drainage structures/canals by budget Contractor
impacting on constructing roadside drainage canal.
surrounding lands
Soil and water  Emergency Response Plan is prepared to address the accidental ERP O/M O/M BBA
contamination from spillage of fuels and hazardous goods budget Contractor
accidental spillage of  Immediate collection of spilled oils/fuels/lubricants through collection of
oils/fuels contaminated soils and sucking oils from surface water through
appropriate technologies.
Road accidents  An Emergency Response Plan is prepared to address road accidents ERP O/M BBA
 Monitor road accidents in terms of frequency, location of occurrence, Budget Contractor
and analyze them to formulate additional measures to improve road
safety. If accidents occur at same locations of road, insert structural
speed breakers and/or speed breaking signage to improve road safety
at those locations.
Drainage of Soil and water  For repetitive problem at a particular location or at pond locations having BBA O/M O/M BBA
runoff from contamination into potential fish-culture, build road-side drainage and divert the flow away Budget Contractor
roads into roadside ponds/water from ponds/sensitive water bodies.
water bodies bodies due to  Regular cleaning of drains
Oils/grease being

8-22
 Project Environmental Mitigation/Compensation Measures Budget, Institutional
Activities Impacts USD Responsibilities
Implementation Supervision
washed away with
rainfall runoff from
roads
Tree plantation Survival of Flora and 
Monitor survival of trees and its maintenance for first 2 years Included in NGO FD/PIU
fauna in the new 
Plantation of additional varieties of trees that supports roadside birds Tree
environment and sustains longtime and having high wood value Plantation
 Undertake monitoring and maintenance efforts for ensuring survival of Budget
planted trees
4. Widening of National Highway Dhaka – Mawa (N8)
Unplanned  An EIA is to be carried out before the construction/widening of the road. RHD BBA
development leads to An EMP herein is suggested based on physical observation of the road
environmental by the consultants
degradation.
Pre- Land acquisition and  Compensation, resettlement and rehabilitation in accordance with RAP NGO RHD
construction resettlement prepared under the Project
Construction Traffic management,  EMMP will be prepared as part of the design and will be implemented Contractor RHD
air and noise quality
impacts
O/M Air, noise and  EMMP will be prepared as part of the design and will be implemented O/M RHD
drainage impacts Contractor
5. Railway Connectivity
Pre- Unplanned  An EIA is to be carried out before the construction/widening of the road. BR
construction development leads to An EMP herein is suggested based on physical observation of the road
environmental by the consultants
degradation.
Land acquisition and  Avoid dense human settlement areas Contractor BR
resettlement  Compensation, resettlement and rehabilitation according to RAP
prepared under the project
Construction Traffic management,  EMMP will be prepared as part of the design and will be implemented Contractor BR
air and noise quality
impacts
O/M Air and noise impacts  EMMP will be prepared as part of the design and will be implemented O/M BR
Contractor
6. Induced Development
Landuse Roadside  Apply strict policy measures for use of roadside development including BBA in DOE

8-23
 Project Environmental Mitigation/Compensation Measures Budget, Institutional
Activities Impacts USD Responsibilities
Implementation Supervision
changes development and provision of cross-drainage structures and treatment of industrial coordination
rapid change in land effluents prior to disposal of wastes into lands/water bodies; with the
use  Prohibit roadside waste dumping relevant
 Landuse zones should be established supported by good landuse policy government
guideline and regular monitoring. agencies
Built-up/semi- Wildlife adaptation to  Monitoring of wildlife on Charland, NGOs BBA
urban nature changed environment  Monitoring of wild life status post construction
of environment  formulation of appropriate strategy for conservation and securing wildlife
Note: BBA – Bangladesh Bridge Authority, BR – Bangladesh Railway; BIWTA – Bangladesh Inland Water Transport Authority; CSC – Construction Supervision Consultant;
DOE – Department of Environment; EU – Environmental Unit; FD: Forest Department; LGED : Local Engineering Government Department; NGOs – Non Government
Organizations; PIU – Project Implementation Unit, PPE – Personal Protective Equipment; RHD – Roads and Highway Department;

8-24
 Table 8-2: Environmental Monitoring Plan during Construction and Operation

Parameter Location Means of Monitoring Frequency Responsible Agency

Implemented By Supervised By
During
Construction
Heavy Metals (Pb, At dredging sites Laboratory analysis of river material Before dredging Contractor through a CSC
Cd, Cr, Cu, Zn, Mn, located outside the for metal screening. nationally recognized
As, Se and Hg) project boundary laboratory
Depth of top Soil At all project sites Top soil of 0.5 m depth should be Beginning of earth filling Contractor CSC
including construction excavated and stored properly works External Monitor
yards, RTW, approach
roads, bridge end
facilities, etc.
-do- The stored top soils should be used Immediately after filling Contractor CSC
as cladding material over the filled and compaction of dredge
lands materials
Soil Pollution At all project sites Visual inspection that dredge filling Beginning of earth filling Contractor CSC
including construction is through several compartments in works
yards, RTW, approach accordance with dredge material
roads, bridge end management plan
facilities, etc.
Ensure no contaminated effluent is Weekly Contractor CSC
leaving from the filling area to the
nearby agricultural lands
Erosion Side slopes of the Visual inspection of erosion At the end of filling activity Contractor CSC
embankments and prevention measures and
material storage sites occurrence of erosion
Hydrocarbon and Construction camps Visual Inspection of storage Monthly Contractor CSC
chemical storage facilities
Local Roads Approach Roads to Visual inspection to ensure local Monthly Contractor CSC
the RS roads are not damaged
Traffic Safety Haul Roads Visual inspection to see whether Monthly Contractor CSC
proper traffic signs are placed and
flagmans for traffic management

8-25
 Parameter Location Means of Monitoring Frequency Responsible Agency
Implemented By Supervised By
are engaged
Air Quality (dust, Construction sites Visual inspection to ensure good Daily Contractor CSC
smoke) standard equipment are in use and
dust suppression measures
(spraying of waters) are in place.
Asphalt Plant Visual inspection to ensure asphalt Monthly Contractor CSC
plant is located >500 m from
residential areas
Material storage sites Visual inspection to ensure dust Monthly Contractor CSC
suppression work plan is being
implemented
Air Quality (PM10, On both the banks of Air quality monitoring Quarterly Contractor through a CSC
PM2.5, SPM, SO2, river at Mawa and nationally recognized External Monitor
NOx, Pb) Janjira side (as laboratory
directed by CSC)
Noise Construction sites Visual inspection to ensure good Weekly Contractor CSC
standard equipment are in use
Construction sites Visual inspection to ensure ear Weekly Contractor CSC
plugs are in use by the construction
workers
Construction sites Ensure work restriction between Weekly Contractor CSC
21:00-06:00 close to the sensitive
locations
12 sites covering all Hourly, day and night time noise Quarterly Contractor through a CSC
the construction levels (dB) monitoring using noise nationally recognized External Monitor
locations (as directed meters laboratory
by CSC)
Underwater noise At a distance of 50m, Noise levels on decibels (dB) scale Quarterly Contractor through a CSC
250m and 500m at over a range of frequencies which nationally recognized External Monitor
pier locations during the level is measured (1 μP a2 /Hz laboratory
pile driving (as for Peak, SEL and RMS noise
directed by CSC) levels using hydrophones
Surface water 12 sites covering Sampling and analysis of surface Quarterly Contractor through a CSC
quality (Turbidity, bridge site, RTW, and water quality. nationally recognized External Monitor
TSS, pH, TDS, other surface waters laboratory

8-26
 Parameter Location Means of Monitoring Frequency Responsible Agency
Implemented By Supervised By
TSS, EC, Cl, NH3- located near the
N, Fe, As, DO, construction sites
BOD, COD, TC, (including those
FC, Oil and locations where
Grease) baseline water quality
monitoring was carried
out)
Groundwater Drinking water wells Depth of tube well should be more During drilling of wells Contractor through a CSC
quality (As, Mn, Fe, established by than 300m. Test water for arsenic, nationally recognized External Monitor
and coliforms) contractor for iron and manganese before laboratory
construction workers installing of casing. If the quality is
(in 5 locations, found not suitable further
including monitoring deepening will be done.
wells established in
the construction site)
Plantation In all proposed Visual inspection to ensure Monthly Contractor CSC
plantation sites plantations in green areas and
other designated sites.
Waste Construction camps Visual inspection that solid waste is Monthly Contractor CSC
Management and construction sites disposed at designated site
Drinking water and In construction yards Ensure the construction workers Weekly Contractor CSC
sanitation and construction are provided with safe water and
camps sanitation facilities in the site
Dredge material In the designated char Maintain a record of volume of Weekly Contractor CSC, External Monitor
reclamation sites used for dredge dredge material disposed on the
material disposal char
Maintain a record of volume of
dredge material disposed into the
river during monsoon time, and
volume of materials given to the
public
Bathymetry of Along the bridge Bathymetric survey along the Yearly, immediately after Contractor CSC, External Monitor
bridge alignment to alignment bridge alignment monsoon season
schedule the piling
in Hilsa migratory

8-27
 Parameter Location Means of Monitoring Frequency Responsible Agency
Implemented By Supervised By
channels
Wildlife Monitoring Near all the Ensure the adherence of the Monthly BBA through nationally CSC, External Monitor
construction sites mitigatory measures proposed in recognized institute
the EMP
Floral Monitoring Project area Once the remote sensing image of Yearly BBA through nationally CSC, External Monitor
that year becomes available, recognized institute
classification of the ecosystems is
to be carried out. Ecosystems
found from the images will be
visited and a species assessment is
to made in accordance with
Ecological Survey Report
Faunal Monitoring Project area Faunal resource survey will Yearly BBA through nationally CSC, External Monitor
coincide with floral resource survey recognized institute
as it will provide more insight about
the inter-dependency between flora
and fauna in an ecosystem. Faunal
monitoring will also involve
invertebrates including benthos
Gangetic Dolphin Project area Counting number, occurrence Yearly BBA through nationally CSC, External Monitor
Monitoring assessment, and presence of recognized institute
infants will be monitored within 2
km buffer area from bridge location.

Hilsa migration Project area Monitoring of Hilsa will be Yearly BBA through nationally CSC, External Monitor
conducted using similar method recognized institute
followed in the design phase to
make sure that the results can be
comparable. Catch assessment
survey/occurrence, Length-weight
analysis, Age analysis will be used
to monitor Hilsa migration in the
bridge site.

Deep channels within Hilsa migration monitoring to March-May Recognized CSC

8-28
 Parameter Location Means of Monitoring Frequency Responsible Agency
Implemented By Supervised By
the project boundary confirm the migration depth Organization, PIU
Migratory birds 2 km buffer area from . One count will be in early October Quarterly BBA through nationally CSC, External Monitor
bridge location for early migrants, one in mid recognized institute
November and another at the end
of January.

During Operation
and Maintenance
Surface Water 5 sites Quarterly BBA through nationally External Monitor
Quality recognized laboratory
Drinking water In both the services Monitoring for pH, Mn, Fe, EC, Quarterly BBA through nationally External Monitor
areas located in Mawa NH3-N, total hardness, Cl, total and recognized laboratory
and Janjira focal coliforms

Air quality At toll plaza on Mawa 24 hours air quality monitoring of Quarterly BBA through nationally External Monitor
side PM10, PM2.5, SPM, SO2, NOx, Pb recognized laboratory

Noise Quality At 5 sites along the Hourly, day and night time noise Quarterly BBA through nationally External Monitor
approach roads levels (dB) monitoring using noise recognized laboratory
meters
Plantation At all plantation sites Visual inspection to ensure Monthly O/M Contractor PIU, External Monitor
plantations in green areas and
other designated sites. Growth and
development of the saplings
planted in the construction phase.
Sapling mortality will be checked
and gap filling will be monitored
Charland In the Project area Monitoring of Charland will be Yearly BBA through nationally External Monitor
monitoring carried out once in the year, using recognized laboratory
dry season satellite image.
Methodology of the analysis will
remain same as used in the design
and construction phases.

Floral Monitoring In the Project area Monitoring of floral resources will Yearly BBA through nationally External Monitor

8-29
 Parameter Location Means of Monitoring Frequency Responsible Agency
Implemented By Supervised By
be performed once in a year. Once recognized laboratory
the remote sensing image of that
year become available,
classification of the ecosystems will
be done. Ecosystems found from
the images will be visited and a
species assessment will be made
as described in the design phase.

Faunal Monitoring In the Project are Similar to construction phase Yearly BBA through nationally External Monitor
monitoring of faunal resources will recognized laboratory
be performed once in a year at the
post-construction period. Faunal
resource survey will coincide with
floral resource survey as it will
provide more insight about the
inter-dependency between flora
and fauna in an ecosystem.

Gangetic Dolphin Within 2 km buffer Part of the faunal monitoring Yearly BBA through nationally External Monitor
monitoring area from bridge Gangetic Dolphin will also be recognized laboratory
location monitored once in a year. Counting
number, occurrence assessment,
and presence of infants will be
monitored within 2 km buffer area
from bridge location.

Hilsa migration In the Project area Monitoring of Hilsa will be Yearly BBA through nationally External Monitor
conducted using similar method recognized laboratory
followed in the design phase to
make sure that the results can be
comparable. Catch assessment
survey/occurrence, Length-weight
analysis, Age analysis will be used
to monitor Hilsa migration in the

8-30
 Parameter Location Means of Monitoring Frequency Responsible Agency
Implemented By Supervised By
bridge site.

Migratory bird Within 2 km buffer Similar to construction phase Quarterly BBA through nationally External Monitor
population area from bridge migratory bird count will be done recognized laboratory
location three times every year within 2 km
buffer area from bridge location.
One count will be in early October
for early migrants, one in mid
December and another at the end
of February

8-31
 Table 8-3: Summary of Costs of EMP during Construction and O/M
Rate
Activities/ Items Number Unit Quantity (USD) Amount (USD)
A) During Construction Stage (3 Years)
I. Environmental Management Budget – Contractors Budget
1 Dust management by water 4 veh- 180 160
sprayer/watering day 115,200
2 Dredge Material Disposal and
Management 1,900,000
3 Top Soil Stripping, Storage and Reuse m3 1,500,000 2 3,000,000
4 Hydro-meteorological Station 91,000
5 Visitor Center (Ref: Table 8-12: Cost of Visitor Centre at
Mawa) 430,000
6 Hydro-meteorological Station (Ref: Table 8-14: Budget for
Establishment of Hydro-meteorological
Station) 91,000
7 Community Environ. Management Plan (Ref.: Table 26 and 28, Vol. 1: EA for RS) 309,024
8 Land acquisition and Resettlement Included in RAP
9 Provision of cross drains Included in Civil
Works
10 Construction camp and yard facilities Included in Civil
Works
11 Environmental Specialists with the Included in Civil
Contractors Works
Subtotal of Mitigation Budget (I) 5,936,224
II. Compensation and Enhancement Budget – PIU Budget
1 Tree plantation and Green area (Ref: Table 8-9: Cost Estimates for Tree
development plan Plantation Plan) 1,383,123
2 Padma Protected Sanctuary (Ref.Table 8-11: Estimated budget for the
Protected Sanctuary ) 1,350,500
3 Development of Resettlement Sites Included in RAP
4 Public Health Action Plan Included in PHAP
5 Income and livelihood Restoration Plan Included in RAP
Subtotal of Compensation/ Enhancement Budget (II) 2,733,623
III. EMMP Implementation, Institutional Strengthening and Capacity Building – PIU
Budget
Establishment of Safeguard Department (Ref: Table 9-1: Budget for establishment
1 in BBA of SD) 1,350,000
Environmental Consultants with CSC (Ref: Annex 9-3: Construction Supervision
2 Consultants) 2,763,000
3 Environmental Management System (Ref. Annex 9-6: Framework for EMS) 220,000
4 Ecological training to construction (Ref. Table 8-10: Budget for Wildlife
workers Baseline Establishment and Monitoring) 25,000
5 Other Capacity Building Programs (Ref Table 9-4: Institutional Strengthening
Budget) 928,800
Subtotal of Institutional Budget (III) 5,286,800
Sub-Total (A) - Budget During Construction 13,956,647
B) During Operation and Maintenance (5 Years)

1 Maintenance of Plantation for 2 years (Ref: Table 8-9: Cost Estimates for Tree 1,383,123
Plantation Plan)
2 Emergency Response Plan (Ref: Annex 8-3: Emergency Response
Plan) 1,228,455
2 Protected Sanctuary operation for 5 (Ref: Table 8-11: Estimated budget for the 84,000
years Protected Sanctuary )
3 Visitor Center operation for 3 years (Ref: Table 8-12: Cost of Visitor Centre at 849,000
Mawa)
4 Hydro-meteorological Station O/M for 5 (Ref.: Table 8-14: Budget for 193,000
years Establishment of Hydro-meteorological
Station)
5 Community Environmental Management Vol. 1: EA for RS 433,348
Plan
Subtotal (B) – Budget During O/M 3,737,578

8-32
 Grand Total (A+B) 17,694,225

Table 8-4: Summary of Costs for Monitoring during Construction and O/M
Rate Amount
Activities/ Items Number Unit Quantity (USD) (USD)
A) During Construction Stage (3 Years) – Contractor's Budget
I Environmental Quality Monitoring
1 Surface Water (12 sites @ 3 times/yr over 3 yrs.) nos 108 400 43,200

2 Ground Water (5 sites @3 times/ yr. over 3 yrs.) nos 45 150 6,750

3 Drinking Water (10 sites @ 12 times/yr. over 3 nos 360 150 54,000
yrs.)

4 Air Quality Monitoring (2 sites@ 3 times/yr. 3 nos 18 1,300 23,400

years)

5 Noise Monitoring (12 sites @ 3 times/yr. over 3 nos. 108 100 10,800
yrs.)

6 Vibration Monitoring LS 50,000

7 Dredged Material Quality Testing nos 9 450 4,050

(9 sites)
II Wildlife Monitoring
1 Wildlife Monitoring (Baseline): (Ref:Table 8-10: Budget for Wildlife Baseline 470,000
Pre-construction, Monitoring: Establishment and Monitoring)
Construction)
Subtotal (A) 662,200
B) During Operation and Maintenance (5 Years)
I Environmental Quality Monitoring Budget - Contractor's Budget
1 Surface Water (5 sites @ 3 5 nos 15 500 37,500
times/yr)
2 Drinking Water ( 2 sites @ 3 5 nos 10 150 7,500
times/year)
3 Air (1 site @ 3 times /year) 5 nos 3 1,300 19,500
4 Noise (5 sites @ 3 times/yr) 5 nos 15 100 7,500
Subtotal (I) 72,000
II Wildlife Monitoring for 5 years (Ref: Table 8-10: Budget for Wildlife Baseline 81,250
Establishment and Monitoring)
Subtotal (B) – Budget During O/M 225,250
Grand Total (A+B) 887,450

8.4 Resettlement Action Plan

24. The Project will require acquisition of 1,144 ha of land and resettlement of 4,975 AHs. Total
affected persons by the project are estimated as 76,211 persons. This includes (i)
households/persons to be physically displaced (i.e., affected by loss of residential/commercial
structures); (ii) those affected by loss of agricultural land only (i.e., economically affected); and (iii)
indirectly affected persons (persons likely to be affected – for example, by the closure of ferries in
post-construction period). A resettlement framework (RF) and resettlement action plan (RAP) has
been prepared to address the impacts related to land acquisition and resettlement and to provide
necessary compensation. A summary of the RF is presented here.
8.4.1 Resettlement Policy of the Project
25. The Project safeguard policies are prepared based on harmonization and gap analysis involving
the GOB and the co-financiers (ADB, JICA, and WB) safeguard policies and gap-filling measures. The
harmonization also benefited from the Jamuna “best practices” in resettlement. The Project safeguard
policies address project impacts in terms of minimized impacts, disclosure of impacts, public
consultation and participation of the affected people, payments of compensation at replacement

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costs, resettlement of the affected persons, and livelihood restoration and improvements in post-
resettlement period. In sum, the project has adopted and applied the following policy guidelines and
procedures to comply with co-financiers’ safeguard compliance requirements:

(i) Avoid or minimize impact as much as possible through alternative design options;
(ii) Consult affected people and communities adequately;
(iii) Make resettlement plans and other related documents available at the project sites; full
disclosure will be ensured through distribution of a summary RP in Bangla to the affected
households and other stakeholders;
(iv) Determine replacement cost of assets acquired and compensate at full replacement costs
determined by property valuation committee;
(v) Resettlement assistance will be provided to all APs irrespective of titles to land;
(vi) Establish grievances redress committees at the local level for speedy resolutions of
disputes;
(vii) Provide additional assistance to poor women and vulnerable groups
(viii) Provide income restoration assistance through alternative income sources and restoration
of livelihoods for assisting affected people to restore and/or improve upon their pre-project
levels or standards; and
(ix) Carryout internal monitoring by EA and third party monitoring independent external
experts/agency to assess resettlement operations and evaluate outcomes.

26. All affected households and person, as per the above policy/principles and guidelines, are eligible
for compensation and assistance to be provided by the project.
8.4.2 Eligibility and Entitlements
27. The Project Entitlement Matrix covers all types of direct, indirect, customary rights of occupancy
and titles, based on inventory of losses established by BBA. Lack of legal documents for customary
rights of occupancy/titles shall not affect eligibility for compensation. The resettlement framework
stipulates payments of compensation as per the assessed value of the land and structure to the
affected persons (APs). In addition to compensation paid by the concerned Deputy Commissioner
(DC), the APs will receive additional assistance in cash or kind to match replacement costs, which is
the difference between the market value and the assessed value for lost assets (land, houses and
trees), transaction costs such as stamps/registration costs (in case of purchase of replacement land)
and other cash grants and resettlement assistance such as shifting and reconstruction grant,
resettlement benefit for loss of workdays/income due to dislocation. Socio-economically vulnerable
households namely - female-headed households without grown up male in the household,
households below poverty line, households headed by disabled and elderly people will be given
additional cash assistance for relocation. Measures such as “host” area benefits – for example,
additional class rooms in the existing educational institutions, access roads, improved water supply
and sanitation etc– to enhance the carrying capacity will be undertaken so that project benefits are
enjoyed both by the host and resettled families, and host-resettlers’ are integrated socially and
economically.

28. Annex 8-2 provides the entitlement matrix for different types of losses and dislocation established
through Inventory of Losses (IOL). The matrix also includes provisions for any unanticipated impacts
arising during or post project implementation. The mitigation measures in the matrix are consistent
with co-financiers’ safeguard requirements. They also reflect “good practice” for examples (e.g.,
replacement value for land, dislocation allowance, transfer grant, relocation at project-sponsored RS
site, grievance redressal, income and livelihood restoration, third party independent monitoring etc.)
from the Jamuna Bridge Project. Compensation and other assistance will be paid to APs prior to
dislocation and dispossession from acquired assets or three months prior to construction activities,
whichever is earlier.
8.4.3 Valuation of Assets
29. To ensure that APs can replace the lost property, a replacement value will be provided as
determined by a Property Valuation Advisory Committee (PVAC), which has already been constituted
by BBA with representatives from BBA, DD Consultants, concerned DC office, local Upazila (local
government), and PWD. The Design Consultants provided all technical support to the PVAC to

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assess the market price through an independent agency and recommend the replacement value of
assets to the Bridge Division, Ministry of Communication for approval. BBA will pay the difference
between the approved replacement value and the DC payments under the 1982 Ordinance II. In
addition, APs will be allowed to take away the materials salvaged from their dismantled houses and
shops at no costs, despite compensation paid by the DCs. A notice to that effect will be issued by DC
Office that APs can take away the materials.
8.4.4 Resettlement Budget
30. The budget for the land acquisition and resettlement is estimated as $270 million. The budget
includes: (i) detailed costs of land acquisition, relocation, resettlement and livelihood and income
restoration/improvement; (ii) along the Charland to make access/transit channels and maneuvering of
barges and heavy cranes, (iii) source of funding; (iii) administrative costs (iv) monitoring cost (v) cost
of hiring consultants (vi) arrangement for approval, and the flow of funds and contingency
arrangements. The land acquisition, compensation, relocation and rehabilitation, administrative,
monitoring and consultant cost, income and livelihood restoration cost will be considered as an
integral component of project costs.

8.5 Dredge Material Management Plan

31. Dredging works will be carried out during dry season along river banks up to a depth of -25 m
PWD (which corresponds to water depths between 26.5 to 28.5 in February to November) to remove
the river bed sediments for construction of RTW. In addition, dredging will be carried out (i) on the
shallow river beds along the main bridge alignment to provide adequate depths for the barges
carrying cranes and other heavy construction equipment for the main bridge substructure and
superstructure works; (ii) for temporary RTW works for operation of construction yard near Mawa side,
and (iii) for smooth ferry operations during construction. Further, additional dredging may also be
required to source borrow material for filling up of some of the project sites, which will be developed
3
before RTW. It is estimated that about 44million m of dredge materials will be generated over two
seasons due to the construction of RTW works alone. Direct disposal of these dredged materials in
the river flow in the dry season will increase turbidity of river water and create negative impacts on the
aquatic life. Disposal of the materials on the land, for reclamation purposes or filling of project sites for
100 year flood level, generates a huge outflow of wet materials that contain very high turbidity and
potentially impact of the soil fertility of nearby agricultural lands. Therefore, a dredge material
management plan (DMPM) is prepared to manage all impacts associated with the dredge materials
disposal.
8.5.1 Dredging Operations and Volumes
32. The dredging season normally starts at the beginning of October. The preferred equipment for
the Project is a cutter suction dredger with a total installed power of 3,000 to 8,000 kW, similar to the
units used at Jamuna Bridge. Dredging activities for RTW on south bank at Janjira will generate about
34 M m3 and on north bank at Mawa generate about 10 M m3. Hence the total quantity of dredge
materials from RTW is about 44 M m3. Assuming a similar number and type of cutter suction
dredgers as used at Jamuna Bridge, a dredging rate of 20 Mm3 per season is possible, so that two
seasons would probably be necessary for river training works, one season for main bridge and at
preconstruction stage for the Mawa construction yard.

33. The dredging activities will generate local turbidity around the cutter heads of the dredges, but
this turbidity will not significantly spread beyond the dredging trenches or channels because the bulk
of the dredging takes place below the surrounding river bed. Generally the turbidity plumes often
subsides at a rather rapid rate, within a few hours, especially where currents are strong, so that
turbidity is often temporary and of short duration. The settling rate is primarily dependent on the
density of the suspension and the grain size distribution of the suspended material, assuming a two-
layer fluid system around the dredger or fill area outflow: an upper layer of water and a lower layer of
suspension (water plus sediment). Sand-size particles may settle within the hour, but clay-size
particles (<2 micron) may take many hours (sometimes even days), if the density of the suspension is
high. The influence of strong currents is indirect: they cause high turbulence that disturbs the

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boundary between the two layers and thereby causes mixing/dilution, leading to quick removal of part
of the suspended sediment from the area with the water current.

34. Silt curtains are often mentioned by the BBA experts in discussions with the design team
regarding turbidity due to dredging. Their usual function is to contain an area of more turbid water so
that it is forced to flow out near the bottom. A density current tends to form and the bottom turbidity
becomes invisible from the surface; the fines tend to settle nearer to the inflow than without silt
curtains. For the Padma River, silt curtains are not considered useful for the following reasons:
 In a river with strong currents and/or considerably varying water depths they are difficult
to control and even with proper control have reduced effectiveness.
 The silt curtains will need to be opened and closed all the time which is highly impractical.
 Silt curtains around each dredger are impossible to handle because of the communication
between the dredger and the auxiliary equipment (launch for shift change, for visits of
superintendent, technical inspector and other visitors and for bringing spares and
consumables, workboat for handling/shifting of anchors and floating pipeline, fuel barge).
 Silt curtains around the three working dredgers together are also impossible to handle in
view of the occasional shifting of a dredger, the floating transport of fascine mattresses
and the sailing of boulder pontoons, and dump barges in the trench.
 Silt curtains could be used to contain the outflow from a reclamation area where currents
are near-zero and there is sufficient water depth, say 5 m. If the water level is expected to
vary the silt curtain height is determined by the minimum water level during its operational
period at that location.

35. Turbidity due to dredging is not considered problematic as the dredging quantities are very small
compared to the total sediment load of the Padma River. Total annual amount of dredging in the
3
Project will be in the order of 20 M m per season. It only amounts to around 3.6% of the Padma’s
total annual sediment transport of 1 Billion tons or 555 M m3. Hence dredging has no major short-term
impact on the river morphology and any long-term impact would be masked by natural changes
depending on the annually changing flood characteristics.
8.5.2 Possible Uses of Dredge Materials
36. Approximate requirement of borrow material for filling of all the Project sites to a 100 year flood
level is given in Table 8-5. About 20.2 M m3 (13.9 M m3 on Janjira side and 6.3 M m3 on Mawa side)
of borrow material is required. Dredge materials from RTW areas are found to be free of
contamination and hence there is a potential that most of the dredge materials can be used as borrow
material. However, due to differences in the sequence of dredging operations and filling activities (e.g.
service areas and construction yards will be developed prior to the dredging works) it may not be
feasible to use all the dredging material for filling up of the Project components.
Table 8-5: Dredge Material Requirement for Filling up of Project Sites
Sl. Project Component Area Ave. Side Slope Quantity of
No (m2) Filling Material for
Height Filling (m3)
(m)
Mawa Side:
1 Approach Road 308,000 5 1:2 (Service Road)
1:4 (Main Road) 1,016,400
2 Toll Plaza 175,000 5 1:2 577,500
3 Service Area 273,600 5 1:2 902,880
4 Railway 270,000 6 1:2 1,068,000
Embankment
5 Construction Yard 830,000 5 1:2 2,739,000
6 Backfilling behind the 20,000 0.5 1:2 6.600
revetment
Subtotal: 6,310,380
Janjira Side:

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 Sl. Project Component Area Ave. Side Slope Quantity of
No (m2) Filling Material for
Height Filling (m3)
(m)
1 Approach Road 1,452,900 5 1:2 (Service road) 4,794,570
1:4 (Main Road)
2 Toll Plaza 167,900 5 1:2 554,070
3 Railway 265,000 6 1:2 1,049,400
Embankment
4 Service Area 1,485,000 5 1:2 4,900,500
5 Construction Yard 780,000 5 1:2 2,574,000
6 Backfilling behind the 60,000 0.5 1:2 19,800
Revetment Works
Subtotal: 13,892,340
Total: 20,202,720
37. Since it is a common practice in Bangladesh to use dredge materials for filling of the lands for
road, real estate and other construction purpose, there is a huge potential demand for the materials to
be generated from the Project.
8.5.3 Disposal of Dredge Materials on Unused Charland
38. Low lying, non-habitant and recently formed Charland are ideal sites for disposal of dredged
materials in dry season. Dredge materials can be placed on low lying Charland located on the
downstream side of the Bridge in reclamation areas to contain the sediments during the dry season
and allowing them to erode during subsequent monsoon seasons. Measures against spreading of
turbidity from out flowing reclamation water into the river are considered unnecessary during or near
the monsoon season, when the suspended solids concentration due to dredging outflow is negligible
compared to natural background concentrations as explained previously. Alternatively, these
materials can also be used by the other contractors for filling up of the Project sites. Further, owing to
the huge demand of the dredge materials, both public and private agencies can be provided access to
collect the materials for their own use at free of cost or nominal charges.

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 Figure 8-4: Maximum size of Charland reclamation area if all dredged material from south bank RTW
is used for reclamation
39. Possible locations of the Charland identified near the Project for dredge material disposals are
shown in
Figure 8-4. Two Charland located in the Project area, one near Mawa (Medinimondal Char) and the
other near Janjira (Majirkandi Char), are identified for dredge material disposal. Total area of these
two Charland is 1,273 ha (1220 near Janjira and 53 near Mawa). These two Charland can hold a
volume of 25 M m3 of dredge material per season with an average filling height of 2m.

40. Consultations held with local population including local government and community leaders are
the key inputs for the identification of these Charland. These Charland are recently formed and
presently not in use.

41. The other possible better uses of dredged materials are to create flood-free areas as part of
construction and to partly refill the dredged trench after completion of the protection works. Refilling
the trench often completion of the protection works provides additional stability to the trench slopes
early after completion of the revetment. This would also prevent the river from immediately being
“drawn” to as deep unfilled trench after the temporary protection is removed at the upstream end.
However, refilling the trench will require longer pumping distances, more pumping power with booster
stations and long pipelines, all of which increases the cost.

8.5.4 Method of Reclamation/Disposal

42. The wording “reclamation area” is used whenever the dredged material is considered as useful fill
material; the reclamation area may be either the final destination or a stockpile area. In principle, both
bunded/closed and open reclamation areas are possible, but mostly they are expected to be
bunded/closed, with a water outlet weir box at its downstream end. Bunding is under taken then with
hydraulic excavators using nearby surface material. Bund heights can be raised as necessary using
dredged material.

43. The weir box can be used to control the water level in the reclamation area. Adjusting the weir
allows control of the setting process in the reclamation area. Both fill quality requirements (density,
grading and fines content, homogeneity) and turbidity requirements to the surrounding waters can be
managed.

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 Figure 8-5: Reclamation Area with Silt Pond
44. If the reclamation area is isolated from surrounding waters, then the outflow from the reclamation
area can either be directed to the surrounding waters by a ditch, or be pumped back from a small
collecting basin at the weir box. Typical layout cross-sections of a dredging and reclamation area for a
cutter suction dredger are given in Annex J of RTW Scheme design Report.

45. The proposed approach in the dry season for dredged material, for which no useful destination
can be found, is to pump it to a reclamation/disposal area on the southern char(s). This area could be
split into two bunded areas: the sand (reclamation) area and the silt (disposal) area/pond, placed in
tandem in the downstream direction. The dredged material would be pumped first to the sand area
where segregation would ensure only fines would pass into the silt pond, from which virtually clean
water would flow. During the next monsoon these filled areas might either remain or be scoured away,
similarly to any riverbank section. The figure below gives an example of a sand (reclamation) area
with silt (disposal) area/pond below.

8.5.5 Institutional Arrangement

46. Contractors are normally responsible for design, construction and maintenance of reclamation
areas and primary environmental monitoring. Environmental specialists of CSC are responsible for
supervision or auditing of monitoring of turbidity levels of river near dredging and reclamation areas,
and outflow from reclamation areas. PIU will setup a ‘Dredge Material Disposal Committee’ with
representatives of local government, EU of safeguard department of BBA, contractor and CSC to
effectively dispose the dredge materials from reclamation areas to the local community, private and
public organizations. The committee will setup procedures for receiving and approving requests from
the public. The committee is responsible for providing facilities at reclamation areas to allow the public
to carry the materials and fixing of any nominal tariff to cover these expenses. The committee is also
responsible for setup and monitoring of procedures for transport of material from reclamation areas to
the shore through boats and finally to the trucks without causing any environmental degradation. The
procedures shall include

 Boats and trucks cannot carry materials more than their capacity. Only suitably dry materials
are allowed to be transported.

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  Materials can be filled in the boats/trucks and are to be carried in the boats/trucks in such a
way that there will not be any spills in the river or on the road
 Materials should be covered with tarpaulins during high winds and rains. Trucks carrying
materials should be always covered.
8.5.6 Budget
47. The budget for implementation of the DMMP is given in Table 8-6. The budget includes provision
for land requisition (rent) for a period of 5 years, construction and operation of reclamation areas, and
supervision and auditing of monitoring of turbidity during dredging and final discharged water from
reclamation areas. Normally, primary monitoring is undertaken by the Contractor at his expense under
his construction Contract.

Table 8-6: Proposed budget for dredge material management plan

Rate, Amount,
S.No Description Unit USD Quantity USD
Provision for requisition of Charland
1 for 5 years ha 1,000 564 564,000
2 Development of reclamation areas m 15 80,000 1,200,000
3 Turbidity Loggers and Meters No. 1000 10 10,000
4 Monitoring and Reporting 25,000
Miscellaneous and unforeseen
5. Expenses 101,000
Total 1,900,000

8.6 Emergency Response Plan

48. An Emergency Response Plan (ERP) to use in the O/M stage is prepared for seven identified
emergency events that may potentially affect the operation of the Bridge and other project assets.
These events are: flooding, traffic accidents (road and rail), spill/leak of hazardous materials in land &
water, civil disturbance/riot, terrorist event/threat, and gas leak/ explosion. The objective of the plan is
to facilitate a rapid and effective emergency response and recovery; provide assistance to emergency
and security services; implement an effective evacuation plan if required, and communicates vital
information to all relevant persons involved in the transport emergency (both internal personnel and
external agencies) with a minimum of delay. The Plan is given in Annex 8.3. The plan outlines the
necessary resources, personnel, and logistics, which allow for a prompt, coordinated, and rational
approach to a transport accident. The plan contains sufficient detail to enable those involved in the
response to effectively carry out their duties.

8.7 Addressing Associated and Regional Scale Impacts

49. The environmental impacts that will result from the implementation of the associated activities
and related regional scale development are also covered in the EMMP. Impacts that could result due
to induced or future development in the regions are also addressed in EMMP

50. Indirect impacts that could result from the induced development are addressed through
recommendations on policy and planning measures. However these policy measures require the
support of various government departments. Hence it is recommended that BBA could request setting
of a regional development coordination committee inviting key departments of Government of
Bangladesh and provide the committee these recommendations
8.8 Adaptation of EMMP during Implementation

51. Though EMMP developed for the Project in this EIA report by providing key preventive, mitigatory
and enhancement measures and processes to ensure compliance with safeguards - for a project as
big as PMBP, some adaptation/changes are possible during implementation. These changes may not

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 be known at this stage. In such instances, modifications in the EMMP will be carried out by the CSC
or Safeguards Unit at the BBA.
8.9 Compensation and Environmental Enhancement Plans

The following environmental enhancement plans are prepared for the Project to improve the
environmental conditions of the Project affected households, the community and the Project area:

 EA/IEE for RS for the design and development of Resettlement Sites (RS) including a
community environmental management plan (CEMP) during operation
 Tree compensation and greenbelt development plan
 Public Health Action Plan
 Conservation plans for development of Protected sanctuary and visitor center
 Agriculture development plan
 Income and livelihood restoration plan (ILRP)

8.9.1 Development of Resettlement Sites

8.9.1.1 Introduction
52. A separate EA/IEE for RS is prepared (Volume 1 of EAP) for environmental management and
monitoring during implementation and community environmental management during operation. The
objective of the EA is to improve the quality of the life of the AH through.

 Improved living standards by providing basic necessary infrastructure facilities like

schools, health centers, religious places, markets, playground, roads,
 Safe drinking water supply and sanitation facilities
 Development of greenbelt and plantation
 Enhancement of fish production in the ponds
 Income generation through access to markets
 Solid waste and liquid waste management
 Access to schools and health centers
 Increased awareness health and hygiene

53. The location and details of RS are given in Table 8-7. Two RS (RS2 and RS3) will be
developed on Mawa side and 2 RS (RS4 and RS5) will be developed on Janjira side. Initially RS1 is
proposed to relocate a market in Kobutarakhola, but later removed from the RS list due to change in
the final location of the RTW alignment.

Table 8-7: Locations and Details of Resettlement Sites

Resettlement Village Upazila (Sub Area, Housing Commercial
Site (RS) district) hectares plots plots for
shops
RS2 Jashaldia Lauhajang 13.94 374 20

RS3 Kumarbhog Lauhajang 15.78 512 20

RS4 Gomostakandi Janjira 19.98 529 20
(Pashchim Naodoba)
RS5 Bakhorerkandi Shibchar 18.48 529 20
Total 67.3 1,944 80

8.9.1.2 Description of the Proposed Facilities in RS

54. A detailed description of the facilities proposed in each RS are given in the following
paragraphs

55. Housing Layout: Three categories of plot sizes, namely (i) A: 2.5 dec (101.06 sq.m); (ii) B:
5.0 dec (202.31 sq.m); and (iii) C: 7.5 dec (303.42 sq.m)– have been designed. In all, the four sites

8-41
have provisions for 1,944 housing plots and 80 commercial plots for shops and small businesses.
Broad principles for plot distribution are: (i) Category A is for landless and squatters (free of cost);
Category B is for affected households losing homestead and structures; and Category C is for those
losing large homestead plots (20 dec or more). The affected households will be allowed to build their
houses rather than be supplied with pre-built shelter. Each plot will be marked and developed by BBA
for handing over and reconstruction

56. Schools: A primary school (up to class 5) will be constructed in all RS. The total floor area of
the proposed school building (one storied) including corridor/verandah will be designed adequately for
about 500 children in 2 shifts. The school building will be designed to have 5 class rooms, one
headmaster room attached with toilet, one teacher /office room and one multipurpose room. Size of
each class room will be adequate to accommodate about 50 students. Water supply and sanitation
facilities will be provided to the schools.

57. Health Centers: A health center (Medical Sub-center and Union Health and Family Welfare
Center) will be established in all RS sites. The infrastructure in each centre would include:
examination rooms, delivery room, pharmacy, waiting room, toilets, etc. The staff at the each health
centre will include a Physician (1) Medial Assistant (2), Pharmacists (1), and Health visitor (1)
Cleaner/Janitor (1), and Night guard (1).

58. Mosque: Two storied mosque will be provided at all RS. The total floor area of the proposed
mosque buildings including corridor/verandah will be designed adequately for about 500 people.
Allowance for future extension vertically will be kept. Water supply and sanitation facilities will be
provided to the mosques.

59. Playground/ Common Meeting Places/Eidgah: All the RS will have open play
ground/common meeting area at suitable location of each RS for multi purposes such as for playing
various games (say football, cricket, athletics etc.), meeting as well as eidgah during eid festivals.

60. Markets/Shops: All RS will have market and shop areas for the purpose of selling and buying
essential goods (foods, clothing, cosmetics etc.). The market areas/shops will be located close to the
main roads to facilitate easy communication.

61. Internal roads: Adequate road network facilities will be required in all five RS for easy and
comfortable road communication. All civic amenities such as residential house, school, mosque,
playground/common meeting area, green belt area, pond, market/shop, waste disposal site and
health centre will be linked with internal roads.

62. Ponds: Big size ponds (minimum size 55 m X 52m) will be provided in all RS at its central
location for fishing, keeping good environment and other recreational purposes for the RS areas. All
ponds will be excavated deeply so that ponds can retain water for a year. High flood embankment
around the ponds will be built so that even during high flood, water cannot pass over the
embankment.

63. Greenbelts/Tree Plantations: Tree plantation is done at all suitable locations such as at the
boundary slopes, around the school, mosque, pond, market, health centre, and playground. Green
belt areas proposed for each RS for exclusive development of plantations. About 20 hectares of land
will be developed by planting about 37,708 trees.

64. Storm Water Drainage: Storm water drains are designed for all the five RS. The drains will
be designed to handle a peak rainfall intensity of 130 mm/hour. The drains will have a longitudinal
gradient enough to facilitate the flow and permit a non silting velocity (> 0.6m/sec). The drains will be
constructed at both sides of all the internal roads.

65. Water Supply: A piped water supply system through deep tube wells is designed for each
RS. The depth of each will is about 300 m to draw arsenic free groundwater. A per capita demand of
50 liters per day (standard practice of water supply schemes in Bangladesh) is considered for the
design of water supply scheme. Prior to the design of water supply system, water sources will be

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established and quality of water will be examined to conform to the national water quality standards.
In addition to the water supply well, 3 tube wells with hand pumps will also be established in each RS.

66. Sewerage: Common sewerage facilities for household latrines and domestic waste from
kitchen and bathrooms. The sewerage system will be connected to a septic tank and then to a soak
pit consists of various layers of filter media.

67. Household Solid Waste Management: The composition of the major part of household
wastes will be predominantly organic wastes (mainly fish waste, vegetable skins, fruit skins and
seeds, egg shells, food preparation remains, garden wastes) and inorganic wastes (mainly waste
papers, plastics, glasses and package materials). The household wastes will be collected from the
sources separately and stored by the residents themselves in different plastic bins, baskets or bags
separately (i.e., organic wastes will go in one bin and inorganic waste will go in other bin).

68. Market Solid Waste Management: Waste generated at market sites, generally consists of
both organic wastes (vegetable wastes, food leftovers wastes and food grains) and inorganic wastes
(mainly fibers, clothing, plastics, glasses, and waste papers). These wastes will be collected from the
market and stored by the cleaners in different bins at the corner of the market separately i.e., organic
wastes in one bin and inorganic wastes in other bin to be disposed off or resale in a proper manner.

69. Composting: In Bangladesh, composting of solid waste is widely used. From the
discussions with the PAPs it was understood that a total of about 180 kg/household/year organic solid
wastes are generated for each household (per person @ about 0.1kg/capita/day) in rural areas. In all
RS, aerobic composting of individual household organic waste is recommended.

70. Improved cook stoves: Improved cook stoves for PAPs are recommended in all RS in order
to reduce indoor air pollution.

71. Power Supply: Substations will be provided in each RS to distribute power supply. The
substation will get power from 11 kV REB (Rural Electrification Board) Low power transmission (LT)
lines. Each housing plot will get power from the feeder panel. Each housing plot will have its own
distribution board within the house constructed on it. Similarly markets, shops, schools, mosques,
health centers and other establishments will have their own distribution board(s) consuming power
from the feeder panel.

72. Safety and Security: A solid or net fence (height minimum 1.5m) with provision of main gate
to exit to the road is designed around the boundary line of each RS for security purpose.

8.9.1.3 Institutional Requirement

73. If all the infrastructure facilities will not be operated and maintained properly, like cleaning of
clogged drains, these facilities will soon become defunct and may create health hazards. A
Community Environmental Management Plan (CEMP) has been prepared for all these impacts.

74. A community environmental management committee (CEMC) will be established for each RS
to assist BBA in implementation of CEMP and O/M of all infrastructure facilities, such as water
supply, sanitation, schools, mosque, health centers, etc. established under the Project.

75. The CEMC will be formed from the PAPs that are going to be resettled in to the RS. Each
CEMC consists of the Chair, Vice Chair, Secretary and 8 members (from union parishad, upazila,
respected elders, and members from various groups/professions such as farmers, fishermen/women,
entrepreneurs, teachers, religious leader, and women). The CEMC will be headed by a Chairperson.
The Safeguard Department of the BBA will guide the CEMC during construction and operation phases
of the RS. The duration of the CEMC will be minimum 2 years.

76. An NGO (Community Development NGO) will be hired to form the CEMC just before the
completion of all construction works to support the CEMC during O/M stage.

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77. The main functions of CEMC are the following:

 Support the BBA in supervision of the implementation of mitigation measures.

 Regular coordination with BBA
 Carry out environmental monitoring activities in accordance with CEMP
 Preparation of tariff and collection from the residents
 Interaction with BBA to collect CEMC’s share from toll
 Hire the appropriate staff (including teachers, maintenance staff, etc) for O/M of
infrastructure & ensure adequate payment of monthly /daily salaries in time;
 Keep technical records (like O/M records, complain records etc.), financial records (like
cash book, receipt voucher records etc), water quality records (like testing results record
etc.) etc.
 Open bank account on the committee name & make secretary of the committee
responsible for transactions;
 Organize weekly meeting for the CEMC and the monthly meeting for the whole
community to solve environmental problems; and
 Conduct awareness campaigns about environmental sanitation, health, safety and
hygiene.

8.9.1.4 Budget
78. The detailed budget for EA/IEE for RS is given in the Vol 1: EA/IEE for RS report. The budget
for implementation of the management and monitoring measures proposed in EA/IEE for RS during
implementation is US$ 309,024. The O/M budget for implementation of CEMP is about US$ 433,348
per annum. It is recommended that the one percent of toll collection will be used to create
‘environmental enhancement fund (see Section 8.10) and part of this amount will go to each CEMC
for O/M of resettlement sites.

8.9.2 Tree Plantation and Green Area Development Plan

8.9.2.1 Objective
79. About 201,273 trees will be cut due to clearing of sites for various construction activities to be
carried out under the Project. A tree plantation and greenbelt development plan is proposed to
compensate the lost vegetation and to improve the environmental and ecological status of the Project
area, About 1,144 hectares of land will be acquired for construction activities, in which about 100
hectares of land will be exclusively used for development of plantation.

80. The following areas are identified for development of plantation sites in the Project areas

 Designated green areas in the Resettlement Sites and Service Areas

 Along the internal roads of Resettlement Sites and Service Areas
 Around schools, mosques, playgrounds in the Resettlement Sites
 Along the boundary slopes of all the construction sites that were filled up to the 100 year
flood level
 Behind the guide bunds and revetments
 Both sides of the approach roads (around 25 m strip on either side)
 Along the buns of RTW

8.9.2.2 Selection and Planning of Species

81. The species for the proposed plantation are selected based on the statistics of the lost
vegetation and in consultation with the officials district Forest Department of Ministry of Environment
and Forest, Government of Bangladesh. The list of species to be used for the plantation is given
below
 Fruit Trees: Amra (Spondias pinnata), Mango (Mangifera indica), Black berry (Syzygium
cumini), Bel (Aegle marmelos), Tamarind (Tamrindus indica), Date palm (Phonix
syslvestries), Jambura (Citrus grandis), Jalpai (Elaeocarpus floribundus), Tentul (Temarindus

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 indica), Laychee (Litchi chinesis, Coconut (Cocos nucifera), Jackfruit (Artocarpus
heterophyllus), Piyara (Psidium guajava), Chalta (Dillenia indica), and Kul (Ziziphus
mouritiana)
 Timber Trees: Jarul(Lagerstroemia speciosa), Mahogany (Swwietenia mahagoni), Shilkoroi
(Albzia procera), Epil-Ipil (Leucaena leucocephala), Akasmoni (Acacia auricoliformis), and
Rain tree (Samanea saman),
 Fuel Wood Trees: Simul (Bombox ceiba), Debdaru (Polyalthia longifolia), Kadam
(Anthocephalus chinensis), Pitali (Trewta nudiflora), Pitali (|Trewia nudiflora), and Gab
(Diospyros spp),
 Medicine Trees: Neem (Azarlira chlaindica), Amloki, Arjun (Teominalia arjunna), Bohera
(Terminalia belliricha), Hortoki, and Chalta(Dillenia indica)

82. Under the proposed plantation, timber species cover 50%, fruit species cover 30%, medicine
species cover 10 % and fire wood species cover the rest 10%. The estimated land area under each
category of tree coverage and the number of trees are shown in Table 8.4.

83. The tree species suitable for planting on the side slopes of service area (SA), toll plaza area
(TPA), RS, and approach roads embankment include: Mahogany (Swietenia spp.), Silkoroi (Albizia
procera), Am (Mangifera indica), Black Berry(Syzygium cumini), Epil-Ipil (Leucaena leucocephala),
Manguim (Acacia mangium), Neem (Azabdirachta indica), Sonalu (Cassia fistula).

84. The tree species suitable for planting on RS, RTWs areas, service areas are: Mango
(Mangifera indica), Black Berry (Syzygium cumini), Kul (Ziziphus mouritiana), Tamarind, Lychee
(Litchi chinesis), Jambura (Citrus grandis), Amra (Spondias pinnata), Battle Nut(Areca catechu),
khejur (Phocnix syslvestris), Coconut (Cocos nucifera), Jackfruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus), Jalpai
(Elaeocarpus floribundus), Bel (Aegle marmelos), Chalta (Dillenia indica), Piyara (Psidium guajava),
Tentul (Temarindus indica), Neem (Azadirachta indica), Arjun (Teominalia arjunna), Bohera
(Terminalia belliricha), Hortoki and Amloki.

85. The species for seasonally flooded land, at both sides of the approach roads (about a buffer
strip of 25m side) are Kadam (Anthocephalus chinesnis), Jarul (Lagerstrocmia speciosa), Pitali
(Trewia nudiflora), Neem (Azadirachta indica), Hijal (Barringtonia acutangula), Mandar (Erythrina
spp), Simul (Bombox ceiba), Gab (Diospyros spp), etc.

86. Further, all the AHs will be provided with 6 saplings to plant around their houses. A spacing of
2 m x 2 m is recommended between each plan. Details of proposed number of plantations at various
Project locations are given in Table 8-8.

Table 8-8: Details of Proposed Plantation in the Project Sites

Number of Trees
RTWs Approach Road Service Area RS Total
Mawa Side
Timber (50%) 30,000 11,029 8,125 10,140 59,294
Fruit (30%) 18,000 6,617 4,875 6,084 35,576
Fuel (10%) 6,000 2,206 1,625 2,028 11,859
Medicine (10%) 6,000 2,206 1,625 2,028 11,859
Sub-Total 60,000 22,058 16,250 20,280 118,588
Janjira Side
Timber (50%) 50,000 63,867 17,500 10,234 141,601
Fruit (30%) 30,000 38,320 10,500 8,344 87,164
Fuel (10%) 10,000 12,773 3,500 2,781 29,054
Medicine (10%) 10,000 12,773 3,500 2,781 29,054
Sub-Total 100,000 127,733 35,000 24,140 286,873
Total 160,000 149,791 51,250 44,420 405,461

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8.9.2.3 Institutional Arrangement
87. Forest department is generally responsible for plantation of all government owned sites. It is a
common practice in Bangladesh that the Forest Department either performs the task by themselves or
in special case they retain NGOs (Plantation Development NGO) for these works. The Consultant
would like to recommend engaging an experienced NGO to undertake this work under the supervision
of Forest Department. The NGO will be encouraged to involve the affected households, especially
women, who are particularly vulnerable in plantation program. Forest Department will provide
technical support in planning and developing the plantations. The successful experience of the Roads
and Highways Department (RHD), Local Government Engineering Department (LGED) and
Bangladesh Water Development Board (BWDB) are to be considered while implementing the tree
plantation plan.

88. Nurseries of the FD at Munshiganj, Shariatpur and Madaripur Districts can be used for raising
saplings. There are a number of private sector nurseries in the project districts which will be contacted
for raising saplings as well. The Forest Department will assist the AHs in developing the nurseries
during construction stage. Social and Environmental specialists of the Safeguard Department of BBA
will be responsible for overall coordination (with the Forest Department, NGO, PAPs, and destitute
women), implementation and supervision of the program. It is recommended that BBA should start
dialogue with the Forest Department for the plantation development program in the pre-construction
stage, so that setting up of nurseries for the 400,000 trees can be done in the early stages of the
project and the girths are available within next 2 to 3 years.

89. The tasks of the Plantation Development NGOs will be as follows:

 Training of the local people particularly the PAPs to establish nurseries and supply them with
necessary inputs for raising samplings.
 Preparation of plantation programs in accordance with this plan and get them approved by
the Forest Department and BBA-EU.
 Development of nurseries for raising seedlings with a provision of 20% mortality and culling.
 Procurement of seedlings of approved species and / or FD nurseries for plantation in the
above mentioned areas.
 Plantation of seedlings after preparation of the land with fertilizers and installing fences for
the protection of saplings.
 Maintenance of the saplings by employing adequate number of the trained PAPs and filling
up of the vacancies for a period of two years and gradually involve the beneficiaries in the
maintenance of the planted saplings.
 Distribution of saplings among the PAPs settled in and outside of the RS and training of
these PAPs on plantation and maintenance of sapling in the homesteads.
 Assist Forest Department and BBA-EU in procurement and distribution of saplings and other
inputs to the PAPs and conduct sample trace studies on the effectiveness of the program in
plantation.
8.9.2.4 Budget
90. The budget for proposed plantation development plan is given in Table 8-9. The budget also
includes maintenance for first 2 years of plantation to ensure that all planted saplings will survive and
provision for an additional plantation. The plantation in the Resettlement Sites and Service Areas will
be taken up during pre-construction stage or initial stages of construction, while plantation in other
project areas will be taken up immediately after completion of the construction activities. The budget
also includes procurement and development of all facilities required to establish a nursery such as,
collection of loamy silt soils, decomposing cow dung, and procurement of fertilizers. The budget also
includes measures required for maintenance of plantation, such as watering, weeding, fertilizer
application, etc.

Table 8-9: Cost Estimates for Tree Plantation Plan

Plantation Area Unit No Rate, USD Quantity Amount (USD)
RTWs nos 1 3 160,000 480,000
Approach Road nos 1 3 149,791 449,373

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 Plantation Area Unit No Rate, USD Quantity Amount (USD)
Service Area nos 1 3 51,250 153,750
Provision for Additional Plantation nos 1 3 100,000 300,000
Maintenance for first 2 years nos 2 1.5 461,041 1,383,123
Total 2,766,246

8.9.3 Public Health Action Plan

8.9.3.1 Introduction
91. A detailed public health action plan is prepared for the Project to include adequate public
health actions in overall safeguarding plan of the Project construction. The plan is given as a
standalone safeguard report. A brief summary of the Plan is presented here.

92. The main target groups covered under this plan are:

 The relocated and the host communities

 People attracted by and interacting with the construction related workforce
 Population in the Surrounding of the Bridge/Construction sites
 Construction workforce
 To a lesser degree the medium and long term effect for potential, future, patients from the
South Western Region are addressed

8.9.3.2 Objectives
93. The overall objective of the Plan is to contribute to the social developmental expected from
the construction of the Project minimising the risks and possible harmful effects on health due to the
construction activities. Whilst the specific objectives of the plan are public health safeguarding of the:
(i) PAPs, especially those relocating to the Project sponsored Resettlement Sites, (ii) General People,
i.e. those who located around the construction site and those who affected by the interfacing with the
construction related workforce, and (iii) construction workforce.

8.9.3.3 Planned Activities

8.9.3.3.1 Public Health Safeguarding of the PAPs

94. Activities proposed for contributing public health safeguarding of the PAPs relocated to the
RS are:
 Carry out strong program on Information, Education, Communication (IEC) focusing on
 Personal health practices, in particular handling of household solid and liquid
waste, hand washing
 A “keep village clean” campaign, in particular in respect to waste and standing
water
 Food and nutrition
 Utilization of health services, in particular vaccination, ANC and early detection of
childhood illnesses
 Prevention of malaria, in particular usage of mosquito nets
 STI/HIV/AIDS prevention, early detection and treatment shall be emphasized and
in particular addressed. A close link and cooperation shall be made with the GAP
and the planned “women’s corner”.

 Set up and run health facilities and services through combined medical sub-centre and
Union HFWC in the 4 Resettlement Sites and 2 Service areas. This shall be done in such
a way that it can easily be integrated after the completion of the construction into the
country wide public sector health care system while efforts can and should be taken to
start off on the required level of services identified by MoHFW in respect to standard

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 quality even for basic services. In this light combined medical sub-centre and Union
HFWC are to be established with varying (depending on Upazila specific circumstances
and options) degree of collaboration with the public sector. For practical and logistic
reason the centers are in or close to the resettlement areas, while they should be serving
also the surrounding populations across union boundaries. The medical facility for the
construction workers will be set up to function simultaneously as one of the population
servicing centers. The two service area facilities need in addition the capacity to treat
emergency case, in particular at the South side the centre shall be enabled to manage
trauma patients.

8.9.3.3.2 Public Health Safeguarding of General Public

95. Activities proposed for contributing to public health safeguarding of the general public are

 Conduct baseline studies on STI/HIV risks, vulnerability, capacity needs and estimated
prevalence. A baseline survey to determine key criteria and characteristics of this target
group will provide the starting point and the lead for the design of the IEC (see next
point).
 Design and carry out an education campaign and ongoing IEC on HIV/AIDS, STI and
prevention of (unwanted) pregnancies. Complement educational interventions with
increased and easy access to condoms and lubricants, i.e. condom marketing, as well as
to voluntary counseling and testing.
 Implement EMMP for management of wastes, traffic safety, air and noise pollution.

8.9.3.3.3 Public Health Safeguarding of the Construction Workforce

96. Activities proposed for contributing to public health safeguarding of construction workforce
are:

 Provide on-either river side a health facility with primary and emergency/first aid capacity
for the construction workforce – carried out in conjunction with objective 1
 Introduce and oversee implementation of work- and task specific occupational health
safety measures
 Introduce and implement mechanisms for preventing biological contaminants of drinking-
water, food supplies and prepared meals
 Monitor adequate quantity of water for washing facilities and sanitation
 Ongoing HIV/AIDS and STI education campaign
 Complement educational interventions with easy access to condoms and voluntary
counseling and testing.
 As far as feasible secure housing for workers and encourage they live with their families
on site, thereby reducing the likelihood of risky behavior with multiple sex partners.

8.9.3.3.4 Budget
97. The total funds required for a 5 year period are estimated at $8.6 million with 15% allocated
for prevention and promotion, 14% for curative care, 4% training, 29% personnel, 5% capital – works,
9% capital – equipment, 6% management, meetings and administration costs, 13% M&E and Auditing
(13%).
8.9.4 Wildlife Monitoring and Compensation for Wildlife and Aquatic Habitat Loss
8.9.4.1 Introduction
98. Charland in Padma provide habitat for a wide range of fauna species and are of high
conservation significance for reptiles, amphibians and grassland dwelling avifauna species including
migratory birds. The reeds in chars, such as Nol (Phragmites karka) and Hogla (Typha sp.) and sandy
mudflats are critical to support the habitat.

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99. Chars provide habitat for important aquatic and terrestrial birds such as Brown Fish Owl,
Comb Duck, River Lapwing, Black Headed Ibis, Common Tern, Indian River Tern, Long-legged
Buzzard, and Short-eared Owl. Charland with their mudflats and sandy beaches are the major
staging grounds for migratory birds. Chars act as breeding grounds for endangered species such as
Ganges Soft-shell Turtle (Aspideteres gangeticus) and Spotted Flapshell Turtle (Lissemys punctata)
and other turtle species. The wild life in chars generally includes small cats, mongoose, otters, frogs
and snakes. The Charland in the project area are under stress by the human encroachment and
activities, and will be temporarily disturbed due to construction works of the Project.

94. Presently the riverbanks in the Project area is subjected to frequent erosion and fail to provide
stable shelter for riverbank ecosystem. As the river protection works will provide more stable habitats
in the river and its floodplain. It is estimated that the project will affect about 1,136 ha of aquatic
habitat, in which 465 ha is in Padma river (dredging access/transit channel for barge/crane movement
for main bridge pier locations close to Charland, temporary disturbance during the construction
period) due to the footprints of RTW and temporary RTW construction for Mawa construction yard,
about 639 ha of floodplains, 20ha Charland, and 12 ha of ponds.

100. A conservation plan is proposed to support the wildlife in Charland and fishes and other
aquatic fauna in the Padma as a compensation measures under the PMBA. The objectives the
conservation plan is to

(i) Develop a protected sanctuary in a Charland and to support breeding grounds of turtles and
fishes and to compensate the loss of riverine area due to the Project and to enhance the
aquatic resources and fish production in the project area
(ii) Develop a visitor center in the Mawa construction yard with local floral and faunal resources
to promote tourism
(iii) Create awareness among the surrounding people about the protection of wildlife.
(iv) Implement appropriate mitigation measures for the protection of fauna during construction
activities.
(v) Study and monitor both the resident and migratory species of wildlife during construction and
O/M stages.
8.9.4.2 Development of Padma Protected Sanctuary
101. The Project will impact about 1,136 ha of floodplain and riverine ecosystem. To compensate
the loss of this ecosystem, an equivalent size protected sanctuary or nature reserve will be
established in suitable location of the project area. One of the stabilized chars such as Char Janajat
can be further studied. The stabilized chars with reed lands with submerged areas surrounding the
char are generally suitable for such compensation measure due to their suitability for aquatic and bird
habitat. A protected sanctuary with a core and buffer zones will be established with an official legal
status. The core area will extend into the river, in order to create highly-needed reproduction, nursing
and feeding areas for fish, crustaceans, turtles and dolphins. Experience from fish sanctuaries
developed in Hakaluki in 2008 by the DOE under ‘Coastal and Wetland Biodiversity
Management Project’ shall be considered in designing the submerged part of the
conservation area. In this project, a kind of bamboo frame was used to prepare fish
sanctuary, a common practice in the Char Janajat as well. Tree branches of hijol, koroch,
borun, jarul etc. are put inside the frames. The frames remain attached to the river bottom.
Water hyacinth is put on the top. The sanctuaries are marked with red flags to designate
them as protected areas.

102. Since all the existing stabilized chars are habituated and subject to natural erosion process,
other alternative is to develop a location with the excess dredged material over a recently emerged
char located near the bridge site. The artificially developed char will kept free of human habitation so
that there will not be any disturbances to the ecosystem development. The following criteria will be
used for selection of the location for the development of protected sanctuary:
 the location should be relatively close to the bridge site, in order to develop its cost-
recovery system (the eco-tourism connection);

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 the location should be relatively insensitive to river erosion, although very hard to predict
for Charland;
 the location should have a height of 1-(max)3 m above the monsoon water level;
 the location should have a number of water bodies or channels;

103. The protected sanctuary will be guarded by the Rangers (most probably in cooperation with
the Forestry Department), who will be trained to monitor and guard the area. No unauthorized human
encroachment will be allowed in to this area. Fishing, hunting and tree cutting will be strictly
prohibited. It will be developed with the reeds of Nol and Hagla, and with different types of mangrove
trees (most common is Hijol) with a variety of thickness and foliage from Cyperaceae or Gramineae
family along the bankline. The mangrove trees will provide protection from erosion of the bankline,
especially in the Charland.

104. An ecotourism development plan with the support of local management and maintenance is
proposed in conjunction with the protected sanctuary development and a related cost-recovery
system through ecotourism development (see section 8.9.4.3) could well serve as a regional model
for compensation of ecological damage by large infrastructural works.

105. Experts from national and international organizations such as IUCN, Wildlife Conservation
Society etc. can be used for the development of the protected area. The development works would
include the site selection, zoning and demarcation, design of facilities, official procedures to acquire
legal status, development of management and maintenance procedures, training of local people, and
design of monitoring schedules and procedures.

106. An eco-tourism venture is proposed for financial self-sufficiency of the proposed protected
sanctuary area, which will be part and parcel of the development model. As a part of this eco-tourism
venture, a Charland Visitor Centre, where all aspects of Charland (development, ecology, biodiversity)
and Padma environmental study background will be made visible in a dynamic and interactive
manner, and where Charland information materials and souvenirs can be procured. A modern Visitor
Centre includes a small restaurant and special facilities for groups of children.
8.9.4.3 Visitor Center
107. A Visitor Center will be established on the Mawa side in the Service Area or in the
Construction Yard, from where tourists and day trippers from Dhaka can travel by boat to the
protected sanctuary to make a guided walk in the protected area and watch its flora and fauna.

108. Detailed plans for the protected sanctuary and visitor centre will be prepared by an
experienced organization retained by BBA, assisted by consultants and in close cooperation
with the Ministry of Environment, the Department of Fisheries and the Parjatan Corporation.
BBA will be responsible for the development of the facilities and implementing organization will be
responsible for social aspects, training, information and education materials, and exhibits. It is
expected that these plans will develop employment potential for the local families and affected
households. An O/M budget is proposed to maintain the facilities for 5 years. It is expected that based
on the experiences elsewhere the revenue generated from eco-tourism will be able to cover the costs
within 2-3 years after opening. The Environment Enhancement Fund (1% of the toll proceeds) will
also be used to support the protected areas during O/M if required. The monitoring of biodiversity,
reproduction results and migration success, both terrestrial and aquatic, will be carried out by an
experienced organization.

109. The Visitor Center could be sited in Mawa construction yard after completion of the
bridge project. There will be sufficient space for parking of visitors, landing area and terminal
facilities for boats and for related activities. From the Centre a ready connection to the main
roads as well as to the Charland Reserve (by boat) is secured. The Visitor Centre will
provide additional employment (some 50 jobs) to local people. Construction yard after its
completion of the construction works will be the ideal location for the development of the Visitor
Centre. There will be sufficient space for parking of visitors, landing area and terminal facilities for

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boats and for related activities. From the Centre a ready connection to the main roads as well as to
the Protected Sanctuary (by boat) is secured. The Visitor Centre will provide additional employment
(some 50 jobs) to local people.

110. Tickets will be sold for the boat trips. Experiences elsewhere have shown that sales
of tickets, souvenirs and consumptions will cover operation and maintenance and salaries
after 2-3 years. Since the budgets in Table 8-11 and Table 8-12 are calculated for 5 years, a
surplus might be created. This will be used for further development of the Visitor Centre as
well as the Protected Sanctuary.

8.9.4.4 Awareness Program

111. An awareness program for the protection of wildlife shall be launched. The contractors,
supervisors, construction workers, local people, fishermen, farmers, school children, and the animal
grazers will be made aware of the wildlife protection program. The picture of migratory birds, turtles,
dolphins and other important species will be displayed to communicate the importance of protection of
these species, their breeding grounds and their eggs.

112. Signboards will be erected around the protected areas to warn the people. A wildlife
protection guideline will be prepared and distributed among all the people involved in the construction
activities. Leaflets will be produced and distributed among the local people and the construction
workers.

8.9.4.5 Compensation Measures

113. Tree compensation and green belt development program is proposed to enhance the
environmental conditions and to provide shelters for migratory passerby birds and resident birds. An
environmental code of practice (ECP 13) is prepared for protection of fauna during construction
works. Further, mitigation measures proposed in EMMP will be strictly implemented.

8.9.4.6 Wildlife Monitoring Program

114. A wildlife monitoring program will be established with the following objectives:

• To observe the frequency, abundance, distribution and dislocation of indicator species of

wildlife in the impact area of the project.
• To observe the adherence of the compensation measures and identify the activities in the
protected area extremely deterrent lo wildlife and to recommend remedial measures where
necessary for the protection of wildlife.
• To study the ecology and breeding biology of the migratory birds
• To observe and monitor migration pattern of aquatic life
• To maintain the protected sanctuary established for wildlife protection.
8.9.4.7 Institutional Arrangement
115. For the development of protected sanctuary, visitor center, the BBA may hire services of
various national and international organizations such as IUCN, Wildlife Conservation Society, and
CEGIS or experienced NGOs.

116. Experts required for the development of protected sanctuary include wild life experts. The
team will review the wildlife surveys being carried out under the Project; identify the suitable char, and
design plantation program and other required facilities for the development of sanctuary. Upon
development, the sanctuary will be guarded by the full time field guards.

117. Experts required for the development of visitor center include short-term consultants. These
experts are responsible for procurement and development of all necessary materials required for
development and operation of center.

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118. Experts required for the wildlife monitoring include experienced national and international
consultants in its team. The team is responsible for conducting detailed studies to identify the sites in
consensus with the stakeholders, conduct awareness programs, and develop monitoring execution
plan.

8.9.4.8 Budget
119. The development of protected sanctuary, visitor center will be completed in 2 years. The
experts for development of sanctuaries will be hired on intermittent basis. The staff required for
operation of these facilities will be hired by BBA and assumed by the O/M Contractor as part of its
operating staff for the bridge. The development budget and operating budget for wildlife monitoring is
given in Table 8-10. The consultants for wildlife monitoring also provide ecological training programs
for the construction workers and contractors.

Table 8-10: Budget for Wildlife Baseline Establishment and Monitoring

Item Cost
Setting baselines and impact monitoring of ecology, biodiversity and
fisheries
Wildlife Monitoring for improved baseline establishment USD 365,000
Biodiversity monitoring -4 year during construction USD 65,000
Monitoring of Hilsa migration through catch assessment surveys during USD 40,000
dredging
Biodiversity monitoring -5 year during operation USD 81,250
Ecological Training to Construction Workers USD 25,000
Subtotal: 576,250

120. A cost estimate for establishing a protected sanctuary is given in Table 8-11.

Table 8-11: Estimated budget for the Protected Sanctuary in Padma

Item Unit Cost
Investments:
Acquisition of 1000 ha Charland (40-50% submerged) @ USD 1000/ha 1,000,000
Survey, legal procedures, gazetting of size of protected area and USD 25,000
protection status
Preparation of zoning and management plan USD 35,000
Buildings, equipments and others USD 102,500
Community-based wildlife monitoring program (5 years, by NGOs) USD 65,000
Consultancy Fees USD 59,000
Contingency USD 64,000
Subtotal: USD 1,350,500
Operational cost (5 years)
Staffing (4 rangers/guards for 5 years) @ US$ 150/m USD 36,000
Operation and maintenance USD 20,000
Consumables USD 24,000
Contingency USD 4,000
Subtotal: USD 84,000
TOTAL USD 1,434,500

121. A cost estimate for the Mawa Visitor Centre including exploitation during 5 years is given in
Table 8-12.
Table 8-12: Cost of Visitor Centre at Mawa

Item Unit Cost

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 Item Unit Cost
Investment:
Land acquisition p.m.
Preparation of design specification and bid document USD 2,000
National Competition for Architectural Design USD 10,000
Design Development (electrical, plumbing, etc) USD 6,500
Monitoring of Construction (quality control) USD 7,500
Land Preparation (survey, Soil test, piling etc ) USD 12,000
Building Construction (140 sq_meter) USD 70,000
Interior decoration USD 25,000
Site development (access road, entry gate, planting, toilet, parking) USD 30,000
Equipments (Air Cooler, TV, DVD etc) USD 10,000
Furniture and fittings USD 10,000
Electricity Connection USD 2,000
Jetty USD 10,000
Boats ( 4 units, 10 seated, electric motor and safety clothing) USD 120,000
Pick-up truck USD 20,000
Development of exhibits, education materials, souvenirs etc USD 25,000
Training of guides / interpreter USD 50,000
Contingency (5%) USD 20,000
Subtotal: USD 430,000
Operational cost (3 years):
Manager/Head of Operations (2 years, US$ 6000/m) USD 240,000
Manager (3 years, US$ 550/m) USD 19,800
Charland biologist international (2 years, US$ 3000/m) USD 72,000
Charland biologist national (3 years, US$ 500/m) USD 21,000
Community based conscientization & student's awareness program (5 USD 30,000
years)
Boat drivers (5) (3 years, US$ 150/m) USD 27,000
Guides (10) (5 years, US$ 200/m) USD 120,000
Secretary (5 years, US$ 200/m) USD 12,000
Procurement officer/stores manager (2) (5 years, US$ 400/m) USD 48,000
Shop/ticket counter keepers (2) (5 years, US$ 200/m) USD 24,000
Technicians (2) (5 years, US$ 200/m) USD 24,000
Sweepers (2) (5 years, US$ 150/m) USD 18,000
Office/security guards (2) (5 years, US$ 150/m) USD 18,000
Information and marketing (5 years) USD 25,000
Operation and maintenance (5 years) USD 10,000
Consumables USD 100,000
Contingency USD 40,200
Subtotal: USD 849,000
TOTAL USD 1,279,000

8.9.5 Agricultural Development Plan

8.9.5.1 Objective
122. About 1,144 hectares of land will be used for various construction activates of the project and
most of this land is being used for agriculture. The loss of these agricultural lands and associated crop
production, which is roughly estimated to about 23,892 tons per year, can be compensated by
undertaking following actions:

 Bringing barren/fallow lands into cultivation

8-53
  Increasing crop yield on the existing farmlands by introducing High Yield Variety (HYV)
Crops
 modifying cropping pattern i.e. towards the cash crops, and
 By converting one-crop lands into two or three crop lands and two-crop lands into three-crop
lands.

123. An agriculture development plan is prepared to formulate the above actions and the Plan is
also expected to generate the following benefits:

 Increase in the overall crop production in the area that will supplement the food and nutrient
shortage associated with agricultural land-loss due to land acquisition;
 Enhancement of the livelihood of the farmers; and
 Increase in Jobs/employments in the agricultural sector
8.9.5.2 Proposed Activities
124. The proposed carried activities to be carried out under the plan are:

 Development of demonstration plots for bringing barren/fellow lands into cultivation and
inserting crops favourable for cultivation in these lands;
 Development of demonstration plots for introducing high yield variety crops to multiply existing
crop production;
 Analysis of merits and demerits (if any) of bringing barren/fellow lands into cultivation;
 Analysis of merits and demerits (if any) of introducing HYV crops in the area
 Information dissemination and capacity building of the local farmers in crop cultivation.
8.9.5.3 Development of Barren and Fallow Lands
125. For bringing barren/fallow lands into agricultural purpose, several possible local crops may be
tried for cultivation on barren/fallow along with the repetition of the same procedure/activities for each
of all considered crops, as below:

 Identify the barren/fallow lands for demonstration plots in consultation with the local farmers;
the total amount of lands to be selected is based on the crop type and requirement of lands
for individual crops;
 Assess the quality of soil and the environment in terms of their suitability for a particular crop;
 Identify the crops in consultations with the local and national agriculture research institutes
that maybe suitable for growing in these lands;
 Carry out cultivation in the lands and maintain a record with all the activities carried out (like
use of man-power, crop seeds, fertilizers used, etc)
 Maintain a record of outputs (crop quality and amount) from the cultivated lands;
 Make a cost-benefit analysis for individual crops in terms of jobs created, financial expenses
and benefits incurred
 Write a report in English and Bangla covering all relevant aspects and lessons learnt from
development of demonstration plots and cultivation, for information dissemination among the
local farmers and other stake-holders at national and international levels.
8.9.5.4 Increasing Crop Yields
126. For increasing crop yield, several local crops can be tried for cultivation on farm lands with the
repletion of the same procedure/activities for each of all considered crops, as below:

 Identify the farm lands for demonstration plots in consultation with the local farmers; the total
amount of lands to be selected is based on the crop type and requirement of lands for
individual crops;
 Assess the quality of soil and the environment in terms of their suitability for a particular crop;
 Identify the HYV crops that maybe suitable for growing in these lands in consultation with
local and national agriculture research institutes
 Carry out cultivation in the lands and maintain a record of all activities carried out, such as
man-power, crop seeds, fertilizers used, etc)
 Maintain a record of outputs (crop quality and amount) from the cultivated lands;

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  Make a cost-benefit analysis for individual crops in terms of jobs created, financial expenses
and benefits incurred
 Write a report in English and Bangla covering all relevant aspects and lessons learnt from
development of demonstration plots and cultivation, for information dissemination among the
local farmers and other stake-holders at national and international levels.
8.9.5.5 Capacity Building
127. For capacity building of the local farmers the following activities are designed:

 Organize training sessions to be participated by the interested farmers/unemployed youth and

others having interest in the training;
 Prepare training materials (in Bangla/local language) for use in the training sessions based on
experience gained from demonstration plots and recorded in the reports
 Conduct training sessions (theoretical) followed by practical session bringing the participants
to the demonstration plots
 Develop and display posters at various strategic locations of the community, schools/colleges,
mosques, community clubs, markets, etc) for dissemination of key massages learned from
demonstration plots.
 Provide financial and technical assistance to each of farmers interested in bringing
barren/fellow lands into agricultural cultivation (free distribution of seeds, fertilizers, technical
knowledge, etc.)
8.9.5.6 Institutional Arrangements
128. BBA will hire an NGO or private institute experienced in agriculture or government agriculture
research institute like BARI (Bangladesh Agriculture Research Institute) for implementation of this
plan. The CSC and Safeguard Department of BBA are responsible for supervision of the
implementation of the plan. The implementing agency will consist of (i) an Agriculture Specialist with a
graduate degree in agriculture and 10 years of experience, who is responsible for overall project
management, (ii) three technical persons with a diploma in agriculture and at least 3 years of
experience, who will support the project manager in implementation of the plan, and (iii) a support
staff with a minimum SSC qualification to coordinate all the activities in the field.
8.9.5.7 Budget
The budget for implementation of the plan is included in the Income and Livelihood Restoration
Program (ILRP) in SAP.

8.9.6 Income and Livelihood Restoration Plan (ILRP)

8.9.6.1 Objective
129. An income and livelihood restoration plan (ILRP) is proposed under Resettlement Action Plan
of the Project for restoration of income of the APs to the pre-project level. The plan has provisions for
alternative income generation/skill development and other enabling strategies through which AP can
either continue their previous occupation or can start a new venture or undertake an alternative
occupation.
8.9.6.2 Income and Livelihood Restoration Measures
130. The short term income and livelihood restoration measures will include

 Assistance for loss of employment/work days (wage earners) owing to dislocation and
relocation
 Compensation and cash grant for owners for loss of business plus shifting or moving
allowance
 Temporary or short term employment in construction activities in the project activities
 Special assistance, appropriate to vulnerable groups such as women, the aged and disabled.

131. Details of various activities being anticipated which will help affected households (AH) to
either improve or at least restore their livelihood (Table 8-13). However, during implementation

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detailed business plans will be made for each activity to further establish its viability and sustainability.
Long-term ILRP for post-relocation activities will be designed and implemented over a period of 10
years. This is a post relocation intervention for sustainable livelihood program. Under the guidance of
a national NGO, local NGOs will be involved for fostering the ILRP activities among the deserving
project affected persons. The ILRP will be designed through identification of target group beneficiaries
(TGBs) and assessing the needs and feasibility of potential income generating activities. The people
who depend on ferry business and indirectly affected the Project will also be included in the RAP.

Table 8-13: Details of Anticipated Income & Livelihood Restoration Options for AH
Income and Livelihood Restoration Income Restoration Options for the Affected
Option Households
In number In percentage
Tenant Farming/Cash Crop Cultivation 615 20
Fish Cultivation 308 10
Fishing 154 5
Boat Operations (engine boat by groups) 62 2
Nakshi 615 2
Internet Café (at service area) 15 1
Poultry/Cattle Raising 138 5
Horticulture/vegetable cultivation 154 5
Skill based occupation 554 18
Entrepreneurship 462 15
Total 3077 100
Source: ADB PPTA 2006 and Consultant Survey 2009

8.9.6.3 Institutional Arrangement

132. BBA will be responsible for implementation of ILRP through field offices. The Superintending
Engineer in charge of the Resettlement Unit of PIU will coordinate the entire process. A Coordinating
NGO (CNGO) selected from experienced national NGOs with sufficient experience in poverty
reduction activities and linkages with micro-finance institutions will be employed to coordinate the
ILRP. The CNGO will identify local level NGOs having long presence in the area and skills to
implement the ILRP. The CNGO will guide and build the capacity of the local NGOs for effective
implementation. The CSC will assist BBA in supervising and monitoring the activities of the CNGO
and the NGOs at the field level.

8.9.6.4 Budget
133. In order to ensure smooth implementation of the long term ILRP, a Social Development Fund
(SDF) of about 1,000,000 USD will be created by the Project. The SDF will be used for extending the
following support to the affected households:

 Working capital
 Capacity building support and human resource cost required implementing the program
 Business development services
 Market linkages
 Skill development
 Women entrepreneurs
 Collective enterprises
 Farm based inputs and extension services
8.10 Hydro-meteorological Monitoring Station

134. Padma Bridge is 100 years, it is important that a monitoring, follow-up and adaptive
management mechanism is in place. BBA should monitor the climatic status of the project site by a
permanent hydro-meteorological station to monitor the climatic parameters. An adaptive management
process should also be employed by BBA to implement any remedial actions identified as necessary
during the follow-up program, as well as incorporate any new lessons learned into normal procedures.

8-56
Adaptive management can serve as an important learning tool for climate change action, as
uncertainty about vulnerabilities and risks can be reduced by experience only if that experience is
identified and passed on (to others) to benefit other large projects in Bangladesh

135. A hydro-meteorological station is recommended to collect and monitor the weather data from
the project area. The budget for establishment and monitoring of meteorological station is given in
Table 8-14. Main bridge contractor is responsible for establishment of the station and the O/M
contractor is responsible for collection of data during O/M. The monitoring data will be shared with
Hydrology Department of BWDB and to Bangladesh Meteorological Department at Dhaka.

Table 8-14: Budget for Establishment of Hydro-meteorological Station

Rate Amount
Sl. No. Description of Item Unit Quantity
(USD.) (USD.)
Component - A : Instrument with Installation
A.1 Weather Station (Rain Gauge, Evaporation Pan,
Wind velocity and direction, sunshine, humidity Set 1 15,000 15,000
and temperature recorder)
A.2 Piezometric Well Installation No. 2 2,000 4,000
A.3 Water Level Gauge (gauge making and
No. 2 1,000 2,000
Installation cost)
A.4 Levelling Instrument for Gauge connection No. 2 2,000 4,000
A.5 Computer Set with Printer and accessories. Set 2 3,000 6,000
A.6 Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler (ADCP) Set 1 30,000 30,000
A.7 RTK-GPS Set 1 30,000 30,000
Sub Total of Component - A 91,000
Component - B : Manpower for Data Collection and Monitoring for 5 years
B.1 Meteorologist - Station In charge MM 60 1500 90000
B.2 Gauge Readers - 2 MM 120 500 60000
B.3 Support Staff - 2 MM 120 150 18000
Sub Total of Component - B 168,000
Component - C : Maintenance Cost for 5 years
C.1 Maintenance Cost for the Stations Years 5 5000 25000
Grand Total (A+B+C) 284,000

8.11 Environment Enhancement Fund

136. It is proposed that BBA should create an Environmental Enhancement Fund (EEF) for
promotion of environmental development activities and to assist in protection and conservation of
environment in the Project area. The EEF will be generated from vehicle tolls of the Padma Bridge.
This will ensures sustainability of all environmental enhancement measures recommended in the
EMMP. A 1% toll collection will be deposited into this fund. Payments designated for the EEF officially
will begin from the date when the vehicle toll will be collected. Each toll receipt will clearly indicate 1%
of toll is EEF.

8.11.1 Scopes of Activities Supported

137. The fund supports projects linked to the PMBP infrastructure that directly enhance, restore or
protect environmental resources and O/M of environmental enhancement facilities proposed under
the Project. The fund will be used to support:

 Implementation of mitigation measures during O/M stage in accordance with EMMP

 Design and implementation of any additional mitigation measures, if required based
on future environmental monitoring during O/M, (for example, construction of noise
barriers)
 O/M of CEMP of Resettlement Sides
 O/M of Protected Sanctuary
 Environmental Health Education Campaign

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  Other environmental enhancement projects approved by the Environmental
Enhancement Committee (EEC).

138. An environmental enhancement project is a project that acquires habitat for preservation, or
improves habitat quality, and ecosystem function above the baseline condition, and should be located
within or immediately adjacent to the direct Project area as defined in EIA report and should have a
measurable outcome within predetermined timeframe.

139. The EEF can also fund project proposals from both the Public and Private Sectors, provided
the proposals involved promoting, enhancing, protecting, and restoring the environment through
education, conservation and sustainable use. To be eligible for support from the EEF, proposals for
funding needed to include at least one of the following criteria:

 Protection of important habitats – dolphins, Gangetic gharial, and other important

species in the project area;
 Promotion of environmental education and awareness;
 Reduction of environmental degradation;
 Promotion of the sustainable use innovative techniques, such as, rainwater
harvesting, alternative energy for income generation, compost from organic waste
etc.;
 Environmental benefit to fish and wildlife and air and water quality. Tangible
biophysical enhancements that provide an on-the-ground environmental return.
 Potential good news stories and communications. Opportunity to promote positive
environmental stewardship information via internal and external media.
 Goodwill considerations. Forging and strengthening working relationships between
partners, including with environmental agencies and community groups.

8.11.2 Environmental Enhancement Committee

140. BBA will form and setup an Environmental Enhancement Committee (EEC). The committee
can consists of the following members
 Chairman, Executive Director, BBA
 Secretary, Head of Environmental Unit, BBA
 Representative of Finance Unit, BBA
 Representative of DOE
 District Commissioners of the Project districts

141. The EEE shall establish a process for the solicitation, submittal, review, and selection of
environmental enhancement projects. Selection criteria shall be developed to ensure that projects
meet the intent of the fund

8.11.3 Source of Fund and Management

142. Projected revenue collections from PMBP tolls based on the current tolls at Jamuna Bridge
(Tk400 for cars, TK795 for buses and TK935 for trucks) have been estimated and presented in Table
8-15 . 1% of this toll collection as EEF is also shown in this Table. EEF for the first year of operation
will be 0.46 million USD, in which 0.30 million USD will be required O/M of RS, protected Sanctuary
and Visitor Center, and environmental monitoring. The balance 0.16 million can be used for other
environmental enhancement activities. The Environmental Unit of BBA will be responsible for the
management and administration of the EEF.

Table 8-15: Projected Revenues Collections from Toll and EEF

Traffic Revenue from Toll EEF
Year
(AADT) (million BDT) (million USD) (million USD)
2014 12,056 3,229 46.13 0.46
2015 13,686 3,667 52.39 0.52

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2016 15,587 4,180 59.71 0.60
2017 17,808 4,782 68.31 0.68
2018 20,411 5,492 78.46 0.78
2019 23,469 6,329 90.41 0.90
2020 27,068 7,319 104.56 1.05
2024 35,871 9,278 132.54 1.33
2034 69,565 16,149 230.70 2.31

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 CHAPTER 9:

INSTITUTIONAL
ARRANGEMENTS AND
CAPACITY
DEVELOPMENT
Table of Contents
9 Institutional Arrangements and Capacity Development 9-2
9.1 Profile of Key Institutions 9-2
9.1.1 Bangladesh Bridge Authority (BBA) 9-2
9.1.2 Need for Institutional Strengthening of BBA 9-2
9.1.3 Project Implementation Unit 9-3
9.2 Proposed Institutional Strengthening of PIU 9-8
9.2.1 Step A: Creation of a Safeguard Department 9-8
9.2.1.1 Manager Safeguard (Environment and Resettlement) Department 9-10
9.2.1.2 Environmental Engineer 9-10
9.2.1.3 Environment, Health, and Safety Specialist 9-10
9.2.1.4 Senior Resettlement Specialist (Field Operations)- 2 Positions 9-11
9.2.1.5 Senior Resettlement Specialist (Management and Monitoring) 9-11
9.2.1.6 Budget for Establishment of SD 9-11
9.2.2 Step B: Association with Twining Institutions 9-11
9.2.3 Step C: Capacity Building Programs 9-11
9.2.4 Step D: Third Party Engagements 9-12
9.2.5 Step E: Formation of a Grievance Redress Committee 9-13
9.2.6 Step F: Establishment of Environmental Management System 9-14
9.2.7 Step G: Establishment of GIS and MIS 9-15
9.3 Cost Estimates for Institutional Strengthening 9-15
9.4 Institutional Framework for Implementing EMMP 9-15

Annexure
Annex 9-1: Roles and Responsibilities of Various Agencies involved in EMMP Implementation
Annex 9- 2: Environmental Management Committee of PIU, BBA
Annex 9- 3: TOR for Consulting Services for Environmental Consultants of CSC
Annex 9- 4: Sample Memorandum of Understanding
Annex 9-5: Outline Terms of Reference for Consulting Services For Capacity Building In
Environmental Management And Monitoring
Annex 9-6: Framework for the Establishment of an Environmental Management System

List of Tables
Table 9-1: Proposed Environmental Specialists for CSC 9-7
Table 9-2: Proposed Budget for Establishment of Safeguard Department 9-11
Table 9-3: Proposed Budget for Establishment of GIS/MIS 9-15
Table 9-4: Proposed Budget for Institutional Strengthening and Capacity Building of BBA 9-15

List of Figures
Figure 9-1: Organogram of PIU and EU 9-3
Figure 9-2: Proposed Organization Chart of BBA 9-9
Figure 9-3: Proposed Institutional Framework for EMMP Implementation 9-16

9-i
9 Institutional Arrangements and Capacity Development
1. List of various key institutions and their roles and responsibilities for implementation of EMMP are
given in Annex 9-1. A detailed profile of these institutions is given in the following sections.

9.1 Profile of Key Institutions

9.1.1 Bangladesh Bridge Authority (BBA)
2. Bangladesh Bridge Authority (BBA), established in 1995 as Jamuna Multipurpose Bridge
Authority, is responsible for (according to its Act, as amended on November 23, 1998):

 Plan, design, construct and maintain: (i) bridges of 1,500 meters or more; (ii) flyovers,
(iii) toll roads, (iv) elevated expressways, and (v) causeways;
 Charge tolls for the facilities it constructs; and
 Promote private public participation (PPP) in these facilities.

3. BBA is the technical as well as administrate arm of the ‘Bridges Division’ of the Ministry of
Communication (MOC), which is responsible for planning, construction and maintenance of regional
and national roads, railway and bridge infrastructures in the Country. ‘Roads and Highway Division’
and ‘Railway Division’ are the two other divisions of the ministry to carry out these activities.

4. BBA has so far completed the following activities since its existence:
 Construction, operation and maintenance of the Jamuna Bridge: completed very
efficiently; highly successful.
 Facilitating construction of the Mukhterpur bridge that was financially assisted, designed
and built by the Chinese government
 Completed feasibility study for the proposed Padma bridge with ADB/JICA support;
detailed design preparation is currently in progress with ADB support

5. BBA is headed by an Executive Director (ED) of the rank of a Secretary to the Government
appointed from among the ranks of senior civil servants. There are four departments under the ED: (i)
Engineering Department with three divisions: Roads and Bridges, River Training Works, and other
works (ii) Administrative Department; (iii) Planning Programming and Monitoring; (iv) Finance and
Accounting. In addition, a special Project office (Project Implementation Unit, PIU) has been set up to
handle the preparation (and in the future, implementation) of the proposed Padma Bridge project, also
reporting to the ED.

9.1.2 Need for Institutional Strengthening of BBA

6. Presently, BBA has no permanent Environmental Unit (EU) within the BBA. Generally, short
term EU’s are established within the project implementation units created for projects undertaken by
BBA. The staffs are deputed from other departments. After completion of these projects, the staffs of
temporary EU return to their parent department. Currently BBA has no staff with previous experience
in implementing environmental management and monitoring.

7. Generally, BBA outsource key services to organization well-suited to the conditions in

Bangladesh.

8. Further, there are some HR issues - that the managers (down to the Deputy Director level) of
BBA who are appointed on deputation from other government departments, are not dedicated workers
as they do not tend to see BBA as their own department and secondly gets transferred within 2-3
years.

9. Presently a program on institutional strengthening of BBA is being developed by the advisors of

BBA.

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9.1.3 Project Implementation Unit
10. A Project Implementation Unit (PIU) for Padma Project has been established as an ad hoc office
to manage the preparation (and subsequently implementation) of the proposed Padma bridge. The
structure of the office follows the model for the Jamuna Bridge project office. The Padma Project
office has 4 units, (i) Bridges and Roads, (ii) RTW, (iii) Resettlement, and (iv) Environment. PIU is
headed by the Project Director.

11. Organizational structure of PIU is shown in Figure 9-1.

Project
Implementation
Unit
Project Director

Environment Unit
Resettlement Unit
Additional Director
Superintending Engineer
(Environment)
Md. Selim Reza

Executive Engineer
(Environment)
Md. Iqbal 2 X Executive
Deputy Director
Engineers
(Resettlement)
(Resettlement)
Sr. Assistant Engineer
(Environment)
Md. Shoriful Islam Sarkar Assistant 2 X Senior
(Additional Charge) Director Asstant
(Resettlement) Engineers
Sub-Assistant
Assistant Engineer
Engineer
(Environment)
(Environment) 3 X Assistant
Vacant
Md. Humayn Kobir 2 X Surveyors Engineers
(Resettlement)

Assistant Director
(Environment)
Vacant 2 X Sub-
Assistant
Engineers

Supervisor Supervisor
(Site 1) (Site 2)
Vacant Vacant

Figure 9-1: Organogram of PIU and EU

12. Main tasks of the EU include:

 Planning and implementation of EMMP

 Preparation of TOR for studies to be carried out under EMMP
 Selection of consultants, NGOs for different components of EMMP implementation,
including environmental enhancement plans

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  Supervision and monitoring of the progress of activities of the consultants and NGOs
engaged by PIU for implementation of different components of EMMP
 Evaluation of construction related environmental impacts and monitoring of adherence
of the EMMP
 Responsible for modifications of the EMMP when there were adaptation/changes during
implementation.
 Implementation of environmental monitoring measures (such as environmental quality
monitoring, tree plantation, landscaping, wild life monitoring) during O/M stage of the
Project.
 Monitoring of water supply, sanitation and health conditions at the RS and bridge end
facilities.
 Preparation of reports to PIU and co-financers
 Management and administration of environmental enhancement fund
 Maintain liaison with other government, semi-government and non-government
organizations, universities, research institutes in the country on the matters of mutual
interest related to environmental management.

13. Main tasks of the Resettlement Unit are implementation and monitoring of resettlement action
plans of the Project.

9.1.3.1 Job Description of Key Staff in EU

14. The job description of the key staff in EU is given in the following sections.

9.1.3.1.1 Additional Director (Environment)

 He/She will do the overall monitoring of EIA & EMP implementation of PMBP.
 He/She will co-ordinate with design Consultants (DC) for matters relating to
Environment of PMBP.
 He/She will maintain liaison with Co-financers, Consultant and other relevant
organization for implementation of EIA and EMP.
 He/She will arrange for holding the meeting of Environment Management Committee
(EMC) as member secretary of the committee.
 He/She will do the overall Supervision of the Environmental Unit for implementation
Environment Management Plan properly.
 He/She will co-ordinate, Supervise and Monitor the progress of activities of the Design
Consultants (DC), NGOs and Design & Supervision Consultants (DSC).
 He/She will evaluate the activities of Construction Contractors for maintaining
Environmental related issues properly.
 He/She will maintain liaison with the Panel of Experts relating to environment of PMBP.
 He/She will maintain close co-ordination with the Project Director of PMBP.
 He/She will take steps to train the officers & staff of Environmental Unit in home &
abroad.
 He/She will take actions on any other related matters assigned by the proper authority.

9.1.3.1.2 Executive Engineer (Environment)

 He/She will supervise and monitor of the progress of activities of the consultants (DC),
NGOs and Design & Supervision consultants.
 He/She will do to liaison with Design Consultants for preparation of ToR to getting
Environmental Clearance Certificate (ECC) from Department of Environment (DoE).
 He/She will maintain liaison with other Organization for implementation of EMP and EIA.
 He/She will arrange meeting of Environmental Management Committee (EMC).
 He/She will monitor implementation of EMP & EIA.
 He/She will prepare progress report on Environmental issues to the authority and submit
it.
 He/She will do the administrative supervision over the subordinate officer and staff.

9-4
  He/She will bring the notice of his superior officers any adverse effects are likely to
occur in the environmental matters.
 He/She will notify the Additional Director (Env.) of any specific training needs in home
and abroad for the officers and staff.
 He/She will monitor and evaluate the activities of construction contractors for their
maintaining Environmental Parameter in required standards.
 Any other relevant works which will order from higher Authority.

9.1.3.1.3 Senior Assistant Engineer (Environment)

 A Senior Assistant Engineer (Environment) will work under the direct supervision and
instruction of a responsible senior officer of Executive Engineer grade or above.
 The Senior Assistant Engineer (Environment) is required to report on all issues
concerning his work to Executive Engineer (Environment).
 The Senior Assistant Engineer (Environment) shall exercise the extent of authority
delegated to him by Executive Engineer (Environment) or higher authority.
 He will check the draft report, Drawings etc submitted by the Design Consultant for
approval and draw attention of Executive Engineer (Environment) or higher authority for
necessary action.
 He will ensure that all operations he carries out or which are carried out by his
subordinates are consistent with the work program. He will highlight any shortcomings
and deficiencies and bring these to the immediate attention of the concerned officers
and staff.
 He will ensure that the execution of all works and other operations of his work and that
of his subordinates are carried out in accordance with the Acts, Ordinance, Rules,
Regulations and Directives issued by the Government from time to time.
 He will ensure that all reports and other information required from his office are
completed accurately in the required formats and are submitted to Executive Engineer
(Environment) within the due time.
 The Senior Assistant Engineer is responsible for the proper functioning and discipline of
his subordinate staffs and he will report cases of default to Executive Engineer
(Environment).
 He will supervise and monitor the progress of activities of the consultants (DC), NGOs
and Design & supervision consultants as specified by Executive Engineer (Environment)
or higher authority.
 If the authority instructs he will maintain liaison with consultants for preparation of ToR
for getting Environmental Clearance Certificate (ECC) from Department of Environment
(DOE) and/or with Organization for implementation of EMP and EIA.
 He will arrange meeting of Environmental Management Committee (EMC).
 He will monitor implementation of EMP & EIA.
 He will prepare progress report on Environmental issues and submit it to the authority.
 He will ensure administrative control over the subordinate officer and staff.
 He will bring the notice of his authority any problems or hazards which have, as are
likely to occur in the implementation of his work.
 He will notify the Additional Director (Environment) of any specific training needs for the
officers and staff.
 He will monitor the activities of constructions contractors for their maintaining
Environmental Parameter in required standards.
 He will carry on any other works as ordered by the Authority.

9.1.3.1.4 Sub Assistant Engineer (Environment)

 He/She will work under the direct supervision and instruction of a responsible senior
officer of Assistant Engineer.
 He/She is required to report on all issues concerning his work to his responsible senior
officer.
 He/She will exercise the extent of authority delegated to him by his responsible senior
officer.

9-5
  He/She is responsible for the proper functioning and discipline of his subordinate staff
and he will report cases of default to his responsible senior officer.
 He/She will maintain all initial accounts for expenditure under his charge and submit
them to the responsible senior officer within the prescribed date.

9.1.3.2 Key issues associated with the EU

15. Following are the key issues of the present set up of the EU in PIU.

 EU has a total of 8 staff positions, which is yet to be fully staffed. Recruitment for all
positions in progress. Some of the current staff are from other department of the PIU
with an additional charge. Additional charge does not enable the officials to focus only
on environmental activities
 All the staff-members in the present EU set-up are on deputation for definite time
periods from other government agencies and are subject to periodic transfers.
 None of the EU staff has previous experience in implementation of environmental
management and monitoring. Also, there is lack of capacity in - limited resources and
equipment for environmental management and monitoring.
 Once the Project is completed, the PIU will be dissolved since it has been established
for the present Padma Bridge Project only and so will be the EU. All the EU staff will go
back to their parent departments. Consequence will be loss of trained manpower in the
BBA for implementation of any future bridge projects.

16. Therefore, it is recommended that BBA shall establish a permanent EU to retain the trained
manpower.
9.1.4 Environmental Management Committee
17. To strengthen the capacity of EU and assisting in implementation of EMMP, PIU has formed an
Environment Management Committee (EMC) with experts from various national government and non
government organizations, universities and research institutes. PIU has constituted the EMC in April
2009 for monitoring the implementation status of the environmental activities of EMMP. The details of
experts in the EMC are given in Annex 9-2. Responsibilities of EMC are:

 To meet at regular intervals and monitor the implementation status of the environmental
activities of the EMMP
 To oversee the environment related activities of PMBP and take policy decisions and
guide coordination of inter-departmental activities
 To advise, supervise and guide activities of the EU in all environmental issues,
strategies and policy matters related to PMBP

17. The committee will continue operation for specific period even after completion of project
activities. PIU will provide secretarial services to the committee

9.1.5 Panel of Experts

18. BBA has appointed Panel of Experts (POE) with 6 eminent national experts and 4 international
experts to provide guidance and advice to PIU towards preparation and implementation of PMBP.
POE also advises in environmental assessment activities and ensures the effective preparation of the
EIA report and implementation of EMMP. The scope of work of POE is:

 The POE is required to provide expert advice in connection with the project as required
from time to time by BBA, and carry out periodic reviews of the procedures followed and
the results produced by the design consultant, checking engineers, and construction
contractors throughout the Project
 The POE shall organize itself under the leadership and guidance of its chair so that any
comments, suggestions or advice from any of its members are assembled, and the
response will be provided through the chair

9-6
  In the event that any disagreement arise between the design consultants and the
checking engineer regarding a matter relating to the acceptability or suitability of the
design, the design criteria or any other matter that cannot be easily resolved between
them, the POE may be asked by BBA to review the issues in question and provide an
independent opinion on the matter to help the design consultant and checking engineer
reach agreement.
9.1.6 Construction Supervision Consultants
19. PIU will hire a construction supervision consultant (CSC) for supervision of implementation of civil
works, including supervision and implementation of EMMP. The CSC will consist of an environmental
unit with 3 international and 5 national environmental experts. The proposed positions and man month
requirements of environmental specialists of the CSC are given in Table 9-1. The terms of reference
for the environmental consultants of CSC are given in Annex 9-3. Environmental specialists of CSC,
in coordination with EU staff, will ensure the implementation of environmental management practices
at each stage of the project activities. The CSC will also be responsible for updating EMMP, if
required.

Table 9-1: Proposed Environmental Specialists for CSC

Sl. No Expertise Input (PM)
A International Consultants
1 Unit Leader/Environmental Specialist 1 18
2 Environmental Specialist 2 24
Environmental Specialist (Dredging and
3 24
RTW) 3
Subtotal (A) 66
B National Consultants
1 Environmental Specialists/Engineers (2) 72
2 Ecologist 24
3 Environment, Health, and Safety Specialist 36
4 Community Environmental Specialist 24
5 Field Surveyors (3) 108
Subtotal (B) 264
Total (A+B) 330

9.1.7 External Monitor

20. Besides internal monitoring and evaluation by the PIU/BBA for environmental management and
monitoring, independent external monitors will be retained by BBA, to undertake monitoring of all EAP
and Non AAP components. These external monitors will carry out monitoring implementation of the
different components and submit an independent monitoring and appraisal report to the PIU, BBA and
to the Co-financiers.
9.1.8 Contractor
21. Each Contractor procured under this Project (especially the contractors for main bridge and
RTW) will be recommended to be a compliant of ISO 14001 Environmental Management System
(EMS) certification. Further conditions of compliancy for OHSAH 18000 (2007) related Occupational
Health and Safety (OHS) and SA 8000 (Social Accountability) could also be imposed on the
Contractors. Each contractor will be recommended to have one Environmental Specialist and one
Occupational, Health and Safety (OH) Specialist, who will be working in close coordination with the
environmental staff of CSC and PIU.

9.1.9 Other Relevant Organizations

22. The other relevant organizations involved in the implementation of EMMP are those mentioned in
the Annex 9-1. Department of Environment (DOE) oversee implementation of all development projects

9-7
in the country verifying that the environmental requirements are fulfilled, government guidelines and
procedures followed and environmental quality standards are maintained properly. DOE will be
consulted in case of complicated issues and if it requires any further environmental clearance
certificates (ECC). Department of Fisheries (DoF) is responsible for fisheries resources and the
Department of Public Health Engineering (DPHE) is responsible for maintaining the quality of drinking
water and addressing sanitation issues. The district administration is responsible for traffic
management, law and order and resolving the social disputes that may arise during construction
activities.

9.2 Proposed Institutional Strengthening of PIU

23. Following institutional strengthening and capacity building programs are proposed for PIU for
strengthening their capacity in EMMP implementation.
Step A: Creation of Safeguard (Environment and Resettlement Unit) Department in BBA
Step B: Association with Twining Institutions
Step C: Capacity building initiatives involving oriented trainings for the staff
Step D: Third Party Engagements for Independent reviews
Step E: Formation of Grievance Redress Committee
Step F: Establishment of an Environmental Management System in BBA
Step G: Establishment of GIS and MIS

9.2.1 Step A: Creation of a Safeguard Department

24. It is recommended to create an environment and social Department, called as “Safeguard
(Environment and Resettlement) Department” (SD), in BBA directly under Executive Director’s office
(Figure 9-2). This will give due importance to the issues and pressures that the scale of projects
undertaken by BBA have on society and environment.

25. This Department will be staffed by 3 environmental specialists and 3 social/resettlement

specialists, among them one will be selected as the manager of the department as per the
qualifications. The following flowchart shows the proposed Department in the present set-up of BBA
organization. On project completion, the project specific social and environmental units will move
under the Permanent Department.

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 Government of
Bangladesh

Ministry of Executive Ministry of

Communication Director, BBA Land

Project Planning and

Safeguard Engineering Administrative Finance and
Implementation Programming
Department Department Department Accounting
Unit (PMBP) and Monitoring

Other Accounts
Roads RTW Audit
Works & Budget
and
Bridges
Admn. Protocol Security Estates

DFO PWD
Environmental Resettlement Roads and
RTW DC
Unit Unit Bridges
LAO DAE

GRC

Premanent Unit Project Specific Unit

Union
APs DC Rep Proposed Permanent Unit
Leader

Figure 9-2: Proposed Organization Chart of BBA

26. The responsibilities of SD are to
 manage all environmental and resettlement activities relating to BBA’s present, ongoing
and future projects and outsourcing services as required
 ensure all issues on social and environmental issues are considered in the decision
making process of the Executive Director of BBA,
 ensure that affected communities are appropriately engaged on issues that could
potentially affect them,
 provide guidance to its staff and contractors in conducting subsequent monitoring and
reporting and in undertaking corrective options
 develop mechanisms for effective project supervision by BBA throughout the project and
even in operation phase.
 Establishment and implementation of an environmental management system
 promote improved social and environment performance through the effective use of
management systems.
 Establishment of library with social and environmental books, journals in BBA
 External communications and filming of activities to be carried out under the project
development
 Hire necessary supporting staff as required

27. Establishment of SD will be carried out in conjunction with the restructuring of BBA, which
requires following a sequence of activities, like approval from Ministry of Communications, forming an
internal committee by BBA to oversee the implementation, and recruitment. The time frame for
establishment of the SD will be about 3 to 6 months.

28. The staff requirement for SD, their qualification criteria are given in the following sections:

9-9
9.2.1.1 Manager Safeguard (Environment and Resettlement) Department
29. The candidate should have a Ph.D. in Environmental Science/Environmental Engineering with
more than 15 years of relevant experience for the large projects preferably roads/bridges funded by
WB, ADB and JICA. Experience of working in multi-disciplinary areas such as environmental, social,
and resettlement aspects of transport projects. S/he should be capable in guiding and managing the
Safeguard (environmental and resettlement) Unit of BBA. Candidates with experience in
environmental management system (EMS) will be given preferences over others.

30. The Manager Safeguard (environmental and resettlement) Department will be responsible but
not limited to the following:

 Reviewing all the environmental and resettlement including RAP and EAP reports of the
project including monthly, quarterly and annual reports.
 Participating in the monthly/quarterly audit on environment/resettlement issues
 Guiding the environmental and resettlement teams of the BBA;
 Supervising the environmental and resettlement activities at the field carried out by the
contractors/NGOs/Consultants;
 Liaison with the co-financiers and other government and non-government organizations;
 Development and implementation of BBA’s environmental management system; and
 Report to the higher officials on the progress of the project implementation.

9.2.1.2 Environmental Engineer

31. The candidate should have a Master Degree in Environmental Engineering with more than 10
years of relevant experience in projects funded by international organizations (such as WB, ADB and
JICA). The position requires extensive field visits to monitor the work activities and progress of the
Contractor and the supervision consultants.

32. The candidate will be responsible but not limited to the following:

 Coordination of the activities of the multidisciplinary environmental monitoring team;

 Review the EIA study report particularly the EMMP document;
 Monitoring that the construction supervision consultant incorporates the
recommendations given in the EIA and EMMP reports prepared by the detailed design
consultant;
 Preparation of a long-term monitoring plan on the implementation of the EMMP;
 Development and implementation of BBA’s environmental management system
 Submit the progress report, annual evaluation report; and
 Attend meeting as and when required.
 Organize quarterly audit reports.

9.2.1.3 Environment, Health, and Safety Specialist

33. The candidate should have a Master Degree in Environmental Science/Civil Engineering with
more than 10 years of relevant experience in the field of environment, health and safety for the large
projects funded by international organization (ADB, WB, and JICA). The position requires extensive
field visits to monitor the work activities and progress of the Contractor and the supervision
consultants.

34. The Environment, Health, and Safety Specialist will be responsible but not limited to the
following:

 Monitoring all environmental, health and safety activities carried out by the contractors
along with the consultants as outlined in the EMMP;
 Make periodic visits to all project sites especially construction camp and yards to
monitor the safety standards and hygiene conditions’
 Develop and implement BBA’s environmental management system

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  Liaison with other government and non-government organizations;
 Prepare and submit monthly/quarterly reports;
 Organize quarterly audit.

9.2.1.4 Senior Resettlement Specialist (Field Operations)- 2 Positions

35. The candidate should have masters in Social/Natural Science or BSc/MSc in Engineering with 5
years experience in resettlement implementation or BA/BSS/BSc with 10 years experience in
resettlement implementation. Experience in Resettlement implementation in WB/ADB/JICA/DFID
supported projects (i) for 5 years as Project Manager, Deputy Team Leader or Team Leader in case of
candidates with MA/MSc/BSc or MSc engineering and (ii) 10 years experience in the similar positions
in case of graduate candidates

9.2.1.5 Senior Resettlement Specialist (Management and Monitoring)

36. The candidate should have a master in Social/Natural Science or BSc/MSc in Engineering with 5
years experience in resettlement planning, implementation, management and monitoring. Experience
in Land Acquisition/ Resettlement Planning, Implementation, Management and Monitoring in
WB/ADB/JICA/DFID supported projects for 5 years in the position of Database Manager, Project/Area
Manager, Deputy Team Leader or Team Leader. Good writing skills both in English and Bangla will be
considered asset.

9.2.1.6 Budget for Establishment of SD

The budget for establishment of SD includes salaries of the proposed staff for 5 years, development of
library and reference facilities, external communication and filming of activities to be carried in various
stages of Project construction. The budget is given in Table 9-2.
Table 9-2: Proposed Budget for Establishment of Safeguard Department
S.No. Description Amount, USD
1. Salaries for the proposed staff for 5 years 1,080,000
(6 staff, @3,000 USD per month)
2. Library 20,000
3. Filming/Media/Publicity of Project Activities 50,000
4. Surveys, Analysis and Reports 200,000
Total 1,350,000

9.2.2 Step B: Association with Twining Institutions

37. PIU will be associated with set of esteemed international organizations (IUCN, Wildlife
Conservation Society) government organizations (BWDB, Atomic Energy Commission, Departments of
Meteorology, Environment and Forest), education and training institutes like CEGIS, BUET, etc. which
will act as ‘twinning institutions’ for capacity building and development. These institutions will support
PIU with providing their laboratories for analysis, trained human resources for hydro-meteorological
stations, and other technical facilities available with them. For this MOU’s will be signed for
cooperation and support with the twinning institutions. (Refer Annex 9-4 for a sample MOU).
9.2.3 Step C: Capacity Building Programs
38. This involves continuous and oriented trainings on developing capacity of the PIU staff and other
capacity building initiatives on

 Social &Environmental issues of the Project

 Social &Environmental laws & regulations, norms, procedures and guidelines of GOB and
co-financiers
 Environmental &Social safeguards, their importance and benefits

9-11
 Preparation of EIA/SEIA such as screening and/or scoping and adequacy of impact
assessment, EMP provisions, Costing etc.
 Preparation of LAP, RAP, IPDP etc.
 Preparation of ToR, and other documentation
 Environmental &Social Management System and preparation of ESMF
 Preparation of Environmental and Social covenants in loan agreement
 GIS, MIS, database management Methods of sampling and testing various environmental
parameters (all test procedures),
 Disciplines like Environmental Management, Sustainable development, Environment
Economics, Environment Auditing etc.
 Behavioural Sciences
 Some of the senior representatives should receive environmental and social safeguard
training under a recognized program (national and/or overseas).
39. Each contractors for major components of the project (Main Bridge and RTW) shall have
Environmental, Health and Safety Manager. In addition, capacity building and training for the
contractors’ staff will be provided in the following areas:
 Orientation program on HIV/AIDS and sexually transmitted diseases
 Orientation on how to conform with the religious sensitivity of the project area
 On the job training on ECP and EMMP implementation.
40. Other capacity building initiatives include set up of a library in BBA and

 Subscription of relevant environmental publications and creation of library for knowledge

upkeep.
 Creation of databank for future reference and use.

41. An initial model of training program will comprise of the following schedule:

Training Module 1:

(i) Environmental issues related to Padma Bridge Project

(ii) Environment policy & legislation of Bangladesh, guidelines on E&S safeguards of co-
financiers

Training Module 2:

(i) Environment Impact assessment of Padma Bridge and related studies conducted for the
purpose.
(ii) Environment baseline data of Padma Bridge including physical, ecological and social
aspects and environment quality.

Training Module 3:

(i) Environment Management and monitoring Plan of Padma Bridge.

(ii) Organisational responsibilities and implementation schedules

Training Module 4:

(i) Monitoring and Evaluation: analysis of environment data and its interpretation.
(ii) Reporting of environmental monitoring.

42. A sample TOR is prepared for the Initial training series and attached as Annex 9-5.

9.2.4 Step D: Third Party Engagements

43. There will be assistance provided by engaging specialised consultants (National and
International) as and when required. These will be third party engagements for guidance, review,
monitoring and evaluation purposes. Such experts will be on panel of PIU and will be deployed on
contract basis. They will be contracted -

9-12
  for assistance in expert consultations
 for independent monitoring of implementation of EMMPs
 for external Monitoring and evaluation
 for independent collection and analysis of water quality, air and noise quality data
 for environmental auditing

9.2.5 Step E: Formation of a Grievance Redress Committee

44. It is proposed that a joint grievance redress committee be set for both environmental and social
action plans. In dealing with a vast number of affected persons, disputes on entitlement processes and
environmental hazard due to project activities are very likely to arise due, for example, to gaps in
legal/land records systems, need for updated titles of holdings during project implementation, intensive
scheduling of construction activities, inappropriate timing of construction vehicle flow, and cultural
conflicts between migrant workers and local communities. Experience from past projects shows that
there are often (i) fraudulent authorization and “no-objection” documents; (ii) errors in establishing
inventory of losses (IOL); (iii) cases of dispute over ownership such as an earlier owner receiving an
award even after the sale of land prior to acquisition; (iv) issues related to Government vested
property, (v) other socially and legally identified owners, and (vi) spread of sexually transmitted
diseases and HIV/AIDs by migrant workers.

Objectives of GRC

45. In order to provide an accessible mechanism to APs to raise their issues and grievances as well
as raise concerns about their assistance, Grievance Redress Committees (GRCs) has already been
established in the project area in each Union Parishad. The GRCs are officially recognized “non-
judicial” community-based body that will seek to resolve non-judicial disputes arising out of various
matters related to the implementation of the SAP and EAP. The fundamental objectives of GRCs are
to resolve any resettlement and environmental related grievances locally in consultation with the
aggrieved party to facilitate smooth implementation of the social and environmental action plans.
Another important objective is to democratize the development process at the local level and to
establish accountability to the affected people.

Composition of GRC

46. There will be one GRC for social/resettlement and environmental action plans. The following
GRC composition has been gazetted for the entire project with representations from BBA,
implementing NGO (INGO), local elected officials, representatives of affected people and women in
the project area to ensure participatory process and to allow voices of the affected communities in the
grievance procedures.

Executive Engineer – PMBP : Convener

1 representative of INGO : Member Secretary
Chairman – concerned Union Parishad : Member
Female member of concerned ward of the UP : Member
Representative of Women APs : Member
One (1) representative of APs (based on the recommendation of INGO and approved by Convener)

47. This format of GRC has worked in the past projects – for example, Jamuna Multipurpose Bridge
Project, Bhairab Bridge Construction Project, Pakshey Bridge Project and Southwest Road Network
Development Project. The post-project evaluations indicate that GRCs have worked well and was
successful in resolving disputes in a participatory manner and with fairness in the decision making
process. The GRC is empowered to take a decision which is binding on BBA and considered final. In
RAP I, the GRC processes under the above format is functioning well in resolving dispute quickly. In
case of technical nature of environmental issues, CSC environmental specialist will advise the GRC on
technical matters.

TOR for GRC

48. The scope of work and the Terms of Reference (TOR) for GRC are:

9-13
(i) The GRC shall review, consider and resolve grievances related to social/resettlement and
environmental mitigations during implementation received by the RU Field Office
(ii) Any grievances presented to the GRC should ideally be resolved on the first day of hearing or
within a period of three weeks, in cases of complicated cases requiring additional investigations.
Grievances of indirectly affected persons and/or persons affected during project implementation will
also be reviewed by GRC
(iii) The GRC will not engage in any review of the legal standing of an “awardee” other than in the
distribution of shares of acquired property among the legal owners and associated compensation or
entitlement issues
(iv) GRC decisions should ideally be arrived at through consensus, failing which resolution will be
based on majority vote. Any decision made by the GRC must be within the purview of RAP policy
framework and entitlements
(v) GRC will not be able to challenge environmental monitoring results and will not make decisions
related to engineering matters
(vi) The GRC will not deal with any matters pending in the court of law
(vii) A minimum three (3) members shall form the quorum for the meeting of the GRC.

49. GRC meetings will be held in the respective RU Field Office in the project area or other
location(s) as agreed by the Committee. If needed, GRC members may undertake field visits to verify
and review the issues at dispute, including titles/shares, reason for any delay in payments or other
relevant matters.

Procedures for Filing GRC Cases

50. APs will be able to file their grievances without any fear and intimidation. Where required, the
implementing NGO will assist the APs in drafting the grievances. All grievances must be submitted in
writing to the Chair, GRC. The complainant may be represented by the AP him/herself or appointed
agent. The judgment made by GRC will be communicated to the concerned AP in writing. If
dissatisfied, and with the agreement of the GRC, the AP may request a further review of the judgment
of GRC by the Project Director, Padma Multipurpose Bridge Project.

51. GRC procedures and operational rules will be publicized widely through community meetings
and pamphlets in the local language (Bangla) so that APs are aware of their rights and obligations,
and procedure of grievance redress.

Approval of GRCs and Entitlements of GRC Members

52. GRC members will attend a training and orientation meeting prior to commencement of their
work. The training will be conducted by Project staff and consultants (resettlement/environmental
experts). GRC members (except for BBA and NGO representatives) will be entitled to Tk. 300/- (three
hundred) per day as honorarium from the implementing NGO budget (i.e., reimbursable head). Light
snacks/refreshments will be provided during the meetings under the NGO budget. In case of day-long
meeting, GRC members may also be served lunch. Necessary stationery and other logistics will be
made available by the NGO. All GRC documents will be maintained by INGO for review and
verification by CSC/MC, Co-financiers and Panel of Expert. The BBA Field Office(s) will act as the
Secretariat to the GRC.

9.2.6 Step F: Establishment of Environmental Management System

53. BBA is committed to ensure that its operations will not create adverse environmental impacts. In
this regard, the BBA will need to establish and effectively operate an appropriate Environmental
Management System (EMS). A conceptual framework for establishing an EMS in BBA is given in
Annex 9-6. It is intended to serve as a basis for discussion between the co financiers and the BBA to
work out an appropriate EMS acceptable to both parties.

54. The EMS framework is prepared based on an understanding of (i) the extent to which BBA can
manage environmental aspects of its business; and (ii) environmental impacts of bridge operations
and its associated facilities.

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9.2.7 Step G: Establishment of GIS and MIS
55. PIU will establish and maintain GIS/MIS system in the implementation of the Project. PIU will hire
the services of GIS and MIS specialists (for 14 months during construction and 6 months during O/M)
for development and maintenance of GIS/MIS system. The MIS and GIS experts should have a
Masters degree with a minimum of 10 years experience in development and monitoring of MIS and
GIS system. The budget for establishment of GIS/MIS is given in Table 9-3.

Table 9-3: Proposed Budget for Establishment of GIS/MIS

Unit Rate, Amount,
S.No. Position Qty
USD USD
1 GIS Specialist Man month 20 4,000 80,000
2 MIS Specialist Man month 20 4,000 80,000
Hardware and Software 50,000
3 for GIS/MIS
210,000
Total

9.3 Cost Estimates for Institutional Strengthening

56. The initial cost estimates for the all the institutional strengthening measures proposed in this
chapter are given in the Table 9-4.

Table 9-4: Proposed Budget for Institutional Strengthening and Capacity Building of BBA
Strengthening/Capacity Building Measure Amount, USD
1 Establishment of Safeguard Department in BBA 1,350,000
(Table 9-2)
2 Environmental Consultants of CSC (Annex 9-3) 2,763,000
3 Association with Twining Institutions (Annex 9-4) 200,000
4 Capacity Building in Environmental Management and 328,800
Monitoring (Annex 9-5)
5 Other National Training Programs 200,000
6 International Training Programs 100,000
7 Third Party Arrangements 50,000
8 Environmental Management System (Annex 9-6) 220,000
9 Establishment of GIS/MIS (Table 9-3) 50,000
Total 5,261,800

9.4 Institutional Framework for Implementing EMMP

57. Proposed Institutional Framework for Implementation of EMMP is shown in Figure 9-3.
.

9-15
 BBA
Executive
Director

Environmental
PIU Panel of
Management
Project Director Experts
Committee

Dept. of Environment, RHD,

Bangladesh Railway
Construction
Safeguard
Supervision
Department
Consultant Twinning Institutes
(BUET, CEGIS, BWDB,
DofM etc.)

Contractors/ Grievance
NGOs/ Small Redress
Contract Committee

Command line

EMMP Coordination Line

Figure 9-3: Proposed Institutional Framework for EMMP Implementation

9-16
 CHAPTER 10:

PUBLIC
CONSULTATION AND
INFORMATION
DISCLOSURE
Table of Contents
10 Public Consultation and Information Disclosure 10-3
10.1 Overview of Consultation Processes 10-3
10.1.1 Background 10-3
10.1.2 Public Consultation 10-4
10.1.3 Overview of the Consultation Meetings 10-5
10.2 Details of Consultation Meetings and Discussions 10-6
10.2.1 Expert Consultations 10-6
10.2.2 Focus Group Discussion (FGD) 10-7
10.2.3 Public Consultation 10-9
10.3 Feedback Obtained and Incorporated 10-12
10.3.1 Expert Consultations 10-12
10.3.2 Focus Group Discussion 10-16
10.3.3 Public Consultation 10-23
10.3.4 Information Disclosure 10-32

Annexure
Annex 10 1: List of Stakeholders Invited for Public Consultation Meetings
Annex 10 2: Presentations of Public Consultation
Annex 10 3: Comments Sheet
Annex 10 4: Newspaper Advertisement
Annex 10 5: List of Experts Consulted
Annex 10 6: List of Participants-FGDs
Annex 10 7: List of Participants-Public Consultation
Annex 10 8: Public Consultation News

List of Tables
Table 10-1: Details of Expert Consultations Meetings 10-6
Table 10-2: Details of FGD meetings. 10-7
Table 10-3: First Round of Public Consultation Meetings 10-9
Table 10-4: Second Round of Public Consultation Meetings 10-10
Table 10-5: Suggestions obtained from experts and response. 10-13
Table 10-6: Opinion obtained from Focus Group Discussion and Action Point. 10-17
Table 10-7: Detials of First Public Consultations 10-23
Table 10-8: Details of Second Public Consultations 10-28

List of Figures
Figure 10-1: Public Consultation Process 10-4
Figure 10-2: Locations showing various consultation meetings 10-5
Figure 10-3: Expert Consultation with Prof. Dr Zaker Hossain, and Dr Nurjahan Sarker, Chair of
Zoology Department, Dhaka University held on 07 June 2009 10-7
Figure 10-4: Focus group discussions in all RS and Kathalbari ferryghat. 10-9
Figure 10-5: First Public Consultation: Mawa 10-10
Figure 10-6: First Public Consultation: Naodoba 10-10
Figure 10-7: First Public Consultation: Bakhorerkandi 10-11

10-i
Figure 10-8: Second Public Consultation: Jashaldia 10-11
Figure 10-8: Second Public Consultation: Kumarbhog 10-11
Figure 10-8: Second Public Consultation: Naodoba 10-12
Figure 10-9: Second Public Consultation: Bakhorerkandi 10-12
Figure 10-9: Second Public Consultation: Kathalbari Char 10-12

10-ii
10 Public Consultation and Information Disclosure
10.1 Overview of Consultation Processes
10.1.1 Background
1. The EA process included public participation, consultation and focus group discussions to help
BBA achieve public acceptance of the Project. The consultation process followed the harmonized
environmental safeguard requirements developed for Padma Multi-purpose Bridge Design Project
(Figure 10-1). The following are the harmonized operational framework for the consultations:
 Free, prior and informed consultation with affected people and informed participation as early
as possible and throughout the project implementation.
 Disclosure in local language with understandable content during public consultation.
 Community engagement free of external manipulation, interference, or coercion, and
intimidation, and conducted on the basis of timely, relevant, understandable and accessible
information.
 A grievance mechanism to receive and facilitate resolution of the affected communities’
concerns and grievances about the borrower’s environmental performance.
 Expert consultation, focus group discussion and two stage formal public consultation.
2. Extensive consultations and public participations have been conducted during the project
preparation since 2000. Awareness about the project within the affected community is well
established. During the detailed design phase, three tiered consultation meetings were conducted
with the following objectives:
 Expert Consultation: Experts were consulted through individual and group meetings, including
the Project Panel of Experts, selected individuals and organizations with professional
knowledge of EIA processes. The meetings were conducted at a very early stage (EIA
Scoping Stage) of the EA with the objective to identify people to be consulted, to brief
stakeholders about the project components, and to discuss potential environmental impacts of
the Project. The outcomes of those consultations were used to finalize the scoping framework
and prepare the draft TOR for the EIA study.
 Focus Group Discussions (FGDs): FGDs were conducted at various stages (EIA Scoping to
the draft EIA disclosure) with the affected communities at all resettlement sites, service areas,
construction yards, Charland and ferry ghats. The purpose was to discuss specific issues,
such as ferry ghat displacement during construction, access to district and local roads from
the bridge and approach roads, livelihood restoration, land acquisition, compensation and
resettlement, civic amenities at resettlement sites, community involvement and sustainable
environmental management. The outcome of those discussions was used to prioritize impacts
and risks, and to structure the CEMP.
 Public consultations: As per harmonized safeguard requirements, two public consultations
were conducted for the Project as part of the environmental assessment procedure. The first
public consultation was conducted at three locations during EIA scoping and the second
public consultation was conducted at 5 locations to disclose draft EIA (Figure 10-2). The
public consultations were conducted by the Detailed Design Team and BBA, involving a wide
range of participants representing affected persons, union and upazila leaders, NGOs, and
national and local government representatives. The public consultations were meant to
achieve the following objective:
o to make the public aware of the Project;
o to ensure that the public was provided with opportunities to participate in the decision-
making process and to influence decisions that would affect them;
o to identify the widest range of potential issues about the Project as early as possible
and in some cases, have those resolved;
o to ensure that government departments were notified and consulted early in the
process; and

10-3
 o to ensure a broad range of perspectives were considered in any decision.

Consultation

Expert Focus Group Public

Consultation Discussion Consultation

- Introduction of the Project,

Identification of
Addressing specific issues, benefits, Imapcts
experts, critical
RS common amenities, and - Address public concern on
issues, and potential
community environmental local Issues, land
environmental
management acquisition, compensation,
impacts
and resettlement

- Scoping Document - Public awareness

Identification of
- TOR for the EIA - Better understanding of
Impacts / Risks
- Baseline monitoring parameter the Project

POE, BBA, and Mitigation and Draft EIA

Public
Cofinanciers enhancement Report
Consultation
Feedback measures and EMP

Affected Person, Disclosing

Stakeholders, NGO, Draft EIA
Local Government Output

BBA, POE,
Final EIA Report
DOE,
and EMP Cofinanciers

Figure 10-1: Public Consultation Process

10.1.2 Public Consultation
3. Under the harmonized safeguard policy, two public consultations are required for the Project as
part of the environmental assessment procedure. The Detailed Design Team informed BBA on the
structure of the public consultation process, and sought its assistance in carrying out the meetings, to
which government personnel, departments, public representatives, local bodies and NGOs were
invited (list of the representatives are provided in Annex 10-1). Details of the consultations and the
associated local newspaper advertisements intended to brief the public on the scope of the Project
were also enclosed with the letter.
4. BBA guided the Detailed Design Team in preparing the program of public meetings, presentations
about the Project (refer Annex 10-2) and drafting the comments sheet in English and Bengali (refer
Annex 10-3). Information on the public consultation meetings was published in national and regional
newspapers 10 days prior to the consultations. Announcements on the commencement of the
Environmental Impact Assessment in the newspaper (refer Annex 10-4 for the original copies of
newspaper advertisements), the availability of the Background Information Document, the venue and
the schedule of consultations and public opinion feedback processes were published in the following
newspapers:
 PMBP Scoping Stage

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  Daily Ittefaq, Dhaka, July 10, 2009
 Daily Star, Dhaka, July 11, 2009
 Rudra Barta, Shariatpur, July 10, 2009
 PMBP Draft EIA Stage
 Daily Star, Dhaka, March 6, 2010
 Prothom Alo, Dhaka, March 6, 2010
 Rudra Barta, Shariatpur, March 5, 2010

Figure 10-2: Locations showing various consultation meetings

10.1.3 Overview of the Consultation Meetings
5. The expert consultations were held in Dhaka during March-June 2009 and will continue throughout
the Project. Fourteen FGDs were held or planned in various locations (6 at the resettlement sites, two
on the Charland, two at RTW alignments, two at service areas, and two at construction yards) during
April to September and will continue throughout the Project. The first public consultations were held at
Mawa, Naodoba, and Bakhorerkandi during July 20-22, 2009. The second public consultations were
held at Jashaldia, Kumarbhog, Naodoba, Bakhorerkandi and Kathalbari Char during March 16-19,
2010. Figure 10-2 shows the locations of various consultation meetings and FGDs held in the Project
area. The outcomes of the consultations and discussions were positive, with participants convinced

10-5
that the Padma Bridge will bring significant economic benefits to the region. Nonetheless, the
participants suggested that mitigative measures be taken to preserve the environment and avoid any
social disturbances.

10.2 Details of Consultation Meetings and Discussions

10.2.1 Expert Consultations
6. Expert consultations were conducted in Dhaka at an early stage of the project. This involved
professionals who have specialized knowledge in wildlife, River ecology, morphology etc., and senior
government officials who are reputed individuals and are responsible for reviewing the EIA report and
making decisions on the environmental clearance. The objective was to share information about the
Project and obtain feedback on important environmental components that should be considered in the
EA process. During the consultations, the discussions were held on the draft Scoping Framework of
the EA study and the potential environmental and social impacts. The consultations offered the
opportunity to collect available secondary data and information on environmental parameters. Also
these consultations facilitated in identifying the parameters for baseline environmental monitoring
survey. In addition, the regulatory requirements for environmental clearance, and the public
consultations were discussed in detail. The list of experts consulted during the EA study is given in
Annex 10-5 and the details of the meetings are in Table 10-1. Figure 10-3 shows the expert
consultation meeting with two professors of Dhaka University.

Table 10-1: Details of Expert Consultations Meetings

Consultation
Location Date and Participants and Organization
Time
Dhaka April 6, 2009 Dr. Ainun Nishat, Country Director, International Union of Conservation
of Nature (IUCN)
Dhaka April 9, 2009 Dr. Mihir Kanti Mazumder, Secretary, Ministry of Environment and
Forest (MOEF); Dr. Abu Saleh Mostafa Kamal, Private Secretary to
Secretary of MOEF
Dhaka Week of April Mr Shakil Ahmed Ferdousi, Environmental Specialist, South Asia Social
24, 2009 Environment & Water Resources Unit, World Bank (WB); Mr Md
Najibur Rahman, Director General (DG), Department of Environment
(DOE); Mr Md Shahjahan, Director Technical, DOE; Mr Jalaluddin Md.
Abdul Hye, DG, Water Resources Planning Organization (WARPO).
Dhaka Week of May Mr Mohiuzzaman Quazi, Sr. Transportation Engineer, WB, Dhaka; Mr
08, 2009 Mukhtarul Hasan Khan, Superintendent Engineer (Environment Div.),
Roads and Highways Department (RHD), Dhaka; Mr IH Zakaria,
Executive Engineer (Environment), RHD, Dhaka; Mr Mahboobul Alam,
Superintendent Engineer (Planning), RHD, Dhaka; Mr. Zafarullah,
Superintendent Engineer (Bridge & Roads), BBA, Dhaka; Mr. Alauddin,
Additional Director (Environment Unit), BBA, Dhaka
Dhaka Week of May Dr Babar Kabir. Director, DECC, BRAC Centre, Mohakhali, Dhaka
15, 2009

Dhaka Week of May Md Humayun Kabir, CE, Bangladesh Water Development Board (Dhaka
29, 2009 Central Zone); Principal Mosharaf Hossain Akand, Upazila Chairman,
Janjira, Shariatpur; Abdur Razzak, Member of Parliament, Shariatpur- 3
(Former Water Resources Minister of Bangladesh)
Dhaka Week of June Md Rafiqul Islam, DG, Directorate of Fisheries (DOF), Bangladesh
5, 2009

Dhaka Week of June Dr Zaker Hosain, Wildlife Specialist

12, 2009 Dr. Nurjahan Sarker, Chair, Zoology Department, Dhaka University
Dr Abul Bashar, Dean, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Dhaka University
Dhaka April 28, 2010 Dr Tapan Kumar Dey, Conservator of Forest, Wildlife and Nature
Conservation Circle, Forest Department, Bangladesh;
Mr. Haque Mahbub Morshed, Assistant Conservator, Wildlife and
Nature Conservation Circle, Forest Department, Bangladesh; and
Mr. Abu Naser Khan, Deputy Conservator of Forest, Wildlife and Nature

10-6
 Consultation
Location Date and Participants and Organization
Time
Conservation Circle, Forest Department, Bangladesh.
Dhaka May 2, 2010 Md Jafar Siddique, National Project Director, Coastal & Wetland
Biodiversity Management Project (CWBMP) under DOE and Deputy
Secretary, MOEF.
Dhaka May 3, 2010 Dr M.G. Mustafa, Biophysical Advisor, IPAC-World Fish, Dhaka

Figure 10-3: Expert Consultation with Prof. Dr Zaker Hossain, and Dr Nurjahan Sarker, Chair of
Zoology Department, Dhaka University held on 07 June 2009
10.2.2 Focus Group Discussion (FGD)
7. Discussions were held with the affected communities and businesses at Kathalbari ferryghat,
service areas, construction yards, along the RTW right-of-way, and at the five resettlement sites.
Date, location and the number of participants of each discussion is listed in Table 10-2. List of
participants of each meeting with their signatures are provided in Annex 10-6. During all discussions
same set of questions was used to organize the meetings, but participants freely discussed all issues
(except the FGDs in April) and photo documented. FGDs in RS were attended by a total of 94 people
(assume that 8 April meeting covered some of the APs at later meetings, otherwise the total is 113),
of whom 21 were women. The participants included 38 businessmen, 6 servicemen, 27 farmers, 1
driver, 20 housewives, and two laborers. FGDs in resettlement sites were focused on the RS design
requirements and community involvement in the RS management during construction and O/M.
Figure 10-4 shows the focus group discussions at various locations. FGDs in BEF and construction
yards were attended by 47 people and have covered specific issues in the service areas including the
drainage, traffic and road safety issues etc. In addition, a separate set of questions were used for
FGDs in Charland, highlighting impacts of project intervention on the Charland. FGDs in Charland
were attended by 34 people in two locations. The impacts those are discussed in the Charland are the
impacts of backwater on Charland flooding, potential impacts of RTW on Charland erosion, existing
water supply and sanitation facilities in the Charland, and potential for tourism.
Table 10-2: Details of FGD meetings.

Sl Date Location Participants (PAPs)

1 April 7, 2009 Kathalbari Ferryghat 100
2 April 8, 2009 Kabutarkhola (RS1) and Jashaldia (RS2) 20
3 September 05, 2009 Gafur Munshi Kandi, Janjira (RS4) 24
4 September 05, 2009 Bakhorerkandi, Janjira (RS5) 18

10-7
 5 September 07, 2009 Kabutorkhola, Mawa (RS1) 17
6 September 07, 2009 Jashaldia, Mawa (RS2) 16
7 September 07, 2009 Kumarbhog. Mawa (RS3) 17
8 September 9, 2009 Shimulia (CY1) 14
9 September 19, 2009 Mazid Dhalir Kandi (SA2) 11
10 September 19, 2009 Latif Fakir Kandi (CY2) 12
11 September 20, 2009 Shameshpur (SA1) 10
12 September 20, 2009 Chand Miah Hawladarkandi Char 16
13 November 5, 2009 Char Kathalbari, Aziz Fakirer Kandi, 18
Magurkhodo, Kathalbari
Total 293

FGD: Kathalbari Ferryghat

FGD: RS1 Kabutarkhola Bazar (September) FGD: RS2 Jashaldia Village (September)

10-8
FGD: RS 3 South Medinimondal FGD: Kabutarkhola and Jashaldia (April)

FGD: RS4: Gafur Munshikandi, FGD: RS5: Bakhorerkandi

Figure 10-4: Focus group discussions in all RS and Kathalbari ferryghat.
10.2.3 Public Consultation
8. Under the harmonized safeguard policy of the Project, two public consultations are required for the
Project as part of the environmental assessment procedure. The first round of consultation meetings
were organized at three locations in Mawa and Janjira, during July 20-22, 2009. The second round of
public consultation meetings were organized at five locations in Mawa, Janjira and Charland during
the period of March 16-19, 2010. All public consultation meetings in the first and second round, were
attended by project affected people (PAPs), officials of BBA, BWDB, River Research Institute, local
government officials, public representatives, NGOs, local entrepreneurs, etc. During the first round of
public consultations, it was found that most of the participants were aware of the proposed Project,
which they fully supported; however, some participants were not aware of the detailed project
components. The participants requested that a sound environmental mitigation plan be prepared to
address the various impacts anticipated during the pre-construction, construction and implementation
stages and to ensure the protection of sensitive locations. A major concern for the participants was
land acquisition and the need for proper compensation, access to family graves underneath the
bridge transition structure, livelihood restoration, and civic amenities at resettlement sites. During the
second round of public consultations, participants continued to express a need for review of the land
acquisition process and need for proper compensation. The facilities and civic amenities at
resettlement sites continued to be a major area of concern as well. Major issues participants raised
concerns in regards to were, the implementation and design of the RTW, flooding and drainage in
adjacent areas to the RS sites and concerns with the drainage system, flood potential and
development of Charland. Another major concern for the participants was air and noise pollution in
the surrounding areas, especially the mitigation of dust caused by construction activities. Table 10-3
and Table 10-4 below present some details of the first and second round of consultation meetings,
respectively.
Table 10-3: First Round of Public Consultation Meetings
Date Time Venue No. of Participants
20 July, 2009 10.00 a.m. – BBA Rest House 101
1:00 pm Compound, Mawa (Mawa
site), Lauhajang,
Munshiganj
21 July, 2009 11.00 a.m.– Naodoba High School, 137
1:00 pm Naodoba, Janjira,
Shariatput
22 July, 2009 11.00 a.m. – Madborerchar Union 108
1:00 pm Parishad, Bakhorerkandi,
Shibchar, Madaripur
Total 346

10-9
 Table 10-4: Second Round of Public Consultation Meetings
Date Time Venue No. of Participants
16 March, 2010 10.00 a.m. – Jashaldia Village, 88
12:00 am Lauhajang, Munshiganj
16 March, 2010 2.00 p.m.– Kumarbhog Village, 66
4:00 pm Lauhajang, Munshiganj
17 March, 2010 11.00 a.m. – Naodoba High School, 100
1:00 pm Naodoba, Janjira,
Shariatpur
18 March, 2010 11.00 a.m. – Union Council of Matbarer 78
1:00 pm Char, Bakhorerkandi,
Shibchar, Madaripur
19 March, 2010 11.00 a.m. – Kathalbari Char, Shibchar, 40
1:00 pm Madaripur
Total 372
9. The list of participants who attended the first and second round of public consultation meetings is
given in Annex 10-7. The first round of public consultation meetings were attended by a total of 346
people. Among the participants were seven teachers, nineteen students, 106 entrepreneurs, 55
employed person, 72 farmers, 7 drivers, one housewife, three masons, 14 public representatives, and
16 government officials. The second round of public consultation meetings were attended by a total
of 372 people and had a similar representation to the first round of consultations. Figure 10-5, Figure
10-6, and Figure 10-7 show the first round of public consultation meetings held at Mawa, Naodoba,
and Bakhorerkandi, respectively. Figure 10-8 to Figure 10-12 show the second round of public
consultation meetings held at Jashaldia, Kumarbhog, Naodoba, Bakhorerkandi, and Kathalbari Char.
Key representatives of the affected communities discussed the project issues with the Detailed
Design Team and government authorities, and made valuable suggestions about the mitigation of
potential environmental and social impacts associated with the Project in their community. The
meetings provided the technical specialists a better understanding of the environmental concerns
affecting the communities and facilitated the establishment of contacts for further collection of
environmental-related information relevant to the Project during implementation.

Figure 10-5: First Public Consultation: Mawa

Figure 10-6: First Public Consultation: Naodoba

10-10
Figure 10-7: First Public Consultation: Bakhorerkandi

Figure 10-8: Second Public Consultation: Jashaldia

Figure 10-9: Second Public Consultation: Kumarbhog

10-11
 Figure 10-10: Second Public Consultation: Naodoba

Figure 10-11: Second Public Consultation: Bakhorerkandi

Figure 10-12: Second Public Consultation: Kathalbari Char

10.3 Feedback Obtained and Incorporated

10.3.1 Expert Consultations
10. Consultations were conducted in Dhaka with professionals who had expert knowledge of wildlife,
River ecology, morphology etc., and government officials responsible for reviewing the EIA and make
decisions on environmental clearance. The meetings were very helpful in finalizing the terms of
reference of the EIA study and setting out the institutional arrangements for the EIA report and EMP
review processes. During the consultations, guidance was obtained on various aspects of the EIA
study, with particular emphasis on the need to carefully choose the project boundary for impact
analysis, consider climate change in project design, conduct wildlife and ecological study, assess
impact of future traffic on Dhaka City’s traffic management. Table 10-5 gives the gist of suggestions
obtained from experts and their follow up actions.

10-12
 Table 10-5: Suggestions obtained from experts and response.
Discussion points Action Points
 Recommended number of experts for consultation including  Identified the experts for
organizations, NGOs, private citizens etc. consultation.
 Coordination among the bridge and RTW contractors was  Preference to be given to the
highly recommended. same contractor for both RTW
and main bridge.

 It was suggested that an emergency response plan must be  An emergency response plan
prepared for accidental spills of petrochemicals. will be prepared in the EIA.
 It was suggested to quantify sensitive species in Padma River  Wildlife survey planned to
and in project influence area. quantify sensitive species.
 It was suggested that an Environmental committee consisting  DOE formed a review
of Secretary MOEF, DG DOE and other specialists should be committee for the EIA.
formed to review design consultant’s work and monitor the EIA
study.
 Further, a formal request to the Secretary should be forwarded  BBA sent a formal request to
through the proper channel of BBA requesting to form the the Secretary, MOEF
committee.
 The experts supported the fact that since the project is a high
priority intervention for the government, quick and active
cooperation from the MOEF will be provided to the design
consultants for proper execution of the EA work.
 World Bank requires the translation of EIA from English to  EIA will be translated in
Bengali and posting of EIA in WB website. Bengali and will be posted on
BBA, ADB and World Bank
 It was suggested that a working group should be formulated website.
comprising representatives of the MOEF and DOE, then,
assigning of a coordinator in DOE to work with Consultants  An environmental
and expediting the review and approval process of TOR and management committee is
EIA. formed with 22 members with
ED, BBA in Chair on April 26,
 Special consideration should be given on mitigation measures 2009.
for River bank erosion (especially at Janjira), global warming
effect and Hilsa migration. Consideration should be made to  The project will consider
reduce the disturbance of fish movement by huge water appropriate measures to
transports (specially construction barges, dredgers etc) during control erosion. The EA study
construction; has included climate change
and wildlife impact study.
 Identify the impacts of geo-bags on aquatic wildlife. There is no known impact of
geo-bags on aquatic life based
on other experience in
Bangladesh.
 It was suggested to constrict the waterway opening (min. 1km)  Based on the Padma River
in order to increase flow velocity under the bridge and characteristics and
decrease silt deposition at the downstream of the bridge. By morphology, and detailed
constricting the River flow fish movement can be enhanced. investigation, constriction of
River is not a consideration in
the Project design.
 Discussions were held on construction materials, quarries and  TOR of the EIA study
sources, transport of construction materials and ship impact; considered a wide range of
impact of noise, vibration, dust and road crossings, roadside parameters.
tree plantations (not at the inner curve sides), and road safety;
 Other issues were: impact on erosion, siltation and River  Widening of Dhaka-Mawa road
morphology on bridge length, chemical pollution, traffic from two to four lanes is
management, impact on population in Dhaka City due to planned. The environmental

10-13
 Discussion points Action Points
Padma Bridge on similar lines of the Jamuna Multipurpose impact due to the development
Bridge, traffic management (whether the existing road network of bypass-road in group B of
is adequate for the proposed PMBP), Rajuk is studied
 Suitable local tree plantation should be done such as Neem,  All local species will be planted
Blackberry, Amloki, Amla, Olive, Lychee, Mehogoni, Orjun, with the recommended
Raintree, Hortoki, Jackfruits, Akasmoni and Bohera. It was proportion of wood, fruit and
suggested that fuel trees should be avoided in the tree medicine trees.
plantation plan, and proportion of roadside trees should: 50%
wood trees, 30% fruit trees and 20% medicine trees.
 Consider impact on regional hydrology and flood pattern, and a  Hydrological analysis will
wildlife and ecology museum including trees, sushuk, fishes consider the regional pattern.
etc. like Jamuna Multipurpose Bridge museum, fish ponds at A visitor center is planned
all the resettlement sites. under the project and ponds in
each RS are also included.
 Tsunami should be included under environmental risk.  Tsunami is not considered as
a major factor at the Padma
site.
EIA should address
 Backwater effect due to piers and RTWs; biodiversity such as  Hydrological modeling shows
fish, migratory birds, agriculture etc.; that the backwater effect is
insignificant (15cm).
 Impact on Hilsa and other fishes during construction mainly
due to frequent movement of huge construction vessels,  Impact on aquatic life, wildlife,
speed boats and other water transports as well as driving of migratory birds is included in
bridge piles; Impact on Hilsa fish during O/M may be mainly the EA scope.
due to siltation at nearby piers and at d/s of the bridge;
 Livelihood impact;  The resettlement team
prepared a livelihood
restoration plan.
 Environmental impact on agriculture due to permanent loss of  EMP considered the possibility
agriculture lands. This impact can be mitigated by converting 1 of 2 and 3 cropped harvesting
cropped agriculture to 2 or 3 cropped; plantation of various in agriculture development
local suitable tree species on roadside slopes, within the right plan under the EMMP and
of way, service area, Toll plaza and resettlement site areas greenbelt and plantation
following the ratio of 1:3 ( Cutting of 1 tree= Replanting of 3 program
trees).
 It was informed that (a) River bank erosion will be intensified if  River constriction is not
the waterway opening of the bridge is constricted which may planned in the Project design.
result in environmental hazards; (b) Siltation will occur if the
waterway opening of the bridge is not constricted. However,
siltation problem can be solved by regular maintenance (such
as dredging although it is very costly option);
 It was suggested that Climate change/sea level rise impact on  Climate change has been
the project should be considered in the design; considered in the Project
design.

 Traffic congestion may occur especially at toll plaza. This issue  Proper traffic management and
should be addressed by developing a traffic management plan the possibility of electronic
(e.g. road safety sign, skilled traffic police, prompt tolling will be considered.
computerized toll collection system etc.).
 Branch channels from the Padma River within the proposed  The RTW design options are
RTWs area at Janjira side should be kept open or to provide not considering closing any
water control structures (such as drainage sluice, regulator minor channels.
etc.). Otherwise environmental hazards (such as impact on
GW, fisheries, boat communication, agriculture, vegetation etc.)

10-14
 Discussion points Action Points
will occur at country side area;
 Environmental pollution due to
 Environmental pollution such as air/dust and noise pollution will
air and noise are considered in
be there especially during construction. Air/dust can be
the scope of work of the EA.
reduced/eliminated by sprinkling water etc. & noise pollution by
installing temporary noise barrier & not permitting noisy
activities during night time;
 A detailed wildlife study is
 Aquatic wildlife such as frog, snakes & scrubs are usually
considered in the scope of
observed in the River. No dolphin (shushuk) & Gangetic gharial
work of the EA.
are presently found close to the bridge site,
 EMP will consider all social
 Social issues needs to be addressed such as conflict between
issues.
migrated workers with local people, spread of communicable
diseases such as skin, HIV/AIDS etc. due to migrant workers;
 All civil amenities will be
 At RS, basic facilities such as Eidgah, mosque, school and
provided in the RS.
playground should be established;
 EA is also anticipating these
 Due to the construction of Padma Bridge, communication
positive impacts.
facilities (both road &rail) will be improved nationally and
internationally. Asian highway/railway link via bridge will
enhance the economic and cultural condition of the people of
Bangladesh.
The Padma River is very famous for fishes especially for Hilsa. A detailed wildlife survey and study
Besides Hilsa other fishes such as carp, katla, mrigel, chapila, is planned as part of the EA. This
baila, boal etc. are also famous. But presently their availability is study will cover
less mainly due to heavy siltation and the use of pesticides and - breeding and spawning
fertilizer for agriculture. Char Janajat at about 10km u/s of the ground of all species close
proposed Padma bridge is the nursery and growing ground of to the bridge site,
fishes such as carp, katla, mrigel, kalibaush, etc. During
- Hilsa migration route and
construction, this ground may be affected due to backwater effect,
the schedule,
wave action due to frequent movement of construction vessels,
barges and other water transports at the nearby chars. As Padma - Quantification of catch etc.
is the migratory route for Hilsa, construction activities such as piling
work, RTWs, frequent movement of water transports will disturb the
Based on the outcome,
movement of fishes. Hilsa migration can be disrupted due to heavy
siltation in the River. Thus, siltation problem should not be allowed mitigation and enhancement
in the bridge design. measure will be considered in
the EMP.
 It was informed that wildlife museum at Jamuna Bridge was not  A visitor center is proposed.
included in the design. The construction period and total budget
for the museum was 3 years and TK 50 Lakh, respectively.
 There should be a provision of wildlife museum at Padma
Bridge site. The main purpose of the museum should be to
preserve all local wildlife and fishes for future generations and
tourists. The instrument/equipment for catching wildlife and
fishes should also be kept in the museum. Butterfly Park can
be established in the project area. Suitable trees for butterfly  A detailed wildlife survey and
should be included in the tree plantation program of the project. study is planned as part of the
EA. This study will cover
 The expert informed that the area where the Padma Bridge is breeding and spawning ground
located is rich in wildlife such as various types of foxes, of all species close to the
mongooses, birds including bats, snakes, shushuk etc. bridge site, Hilsa migration
Presently, availability of shushuk is less due to siltation of the route and schedule,
River channel. quantification of catch etc.
 Migratory and other birds cannot stay in the River due to noise
pollution by frequent movement of mechanized boats.
 Only local suitable species of trees should be planted.
 Impact on soil insects and flora/fauna due to project activities
such as construction of RTWs, approach roads, construction

10-15
 Discussion points Action Points
yards, service area, toll plaza etc., should be included in the
study. For fertility of soil, insects are very important.
 Project area is very rich in biodiversity with aquatic wildlife  Bi-monthly wildlife surveys
(shushuk, Gangetic gharial, turtles, and lizards), terrestrial were conducted to establish
wildlife (foxes, mongoose, migratory birds etc.), and homestead the baseline. Compensation is
trees. There will be impact on biodiversity and require careful proposed for the habitat loss.
mitigation and compensation measures.  A massive plantation program
 Tree plantation should be carefully designed with local species. is planned, which will be
There are saplings available with FD. NGOs and destitute implemented by NGO under
women should be engaged in plantation. the supervision of FD.
 Bird sanctuary should be developed in d/s Charland, where no  Protected sanctuary is
settlements are present. proposed for fish, bird and
other aquatic habitat in one of
 Visitor information center can be designed with various the Char close to the project
facilities. site.
 A Charland visitor center is
also proposed.
 Rich biodiversity of the project area should be preserved and  Wildlife monitoring survey and
equally compensated. study conducted to establish
 Bird sanctuary can be established in d/s of the Chars close to the baseline. A protected
the bridge alignment. Charland sanctuary is
 For bird/fish sanctuary, BBA can engage relevant government proposed as a compensation
organizations (DOE, FD, DOF), including the local government. measures.
 Padma Biodiversity Museum with common facilities,  BBA will engage recognized
photographs of common species and videos of rare and organization for establishing
endanger wildlife. the protected sanctuary with
the help of relevant
government agencies.
 Two visitor centers are
proposed in each side of the
river.
 High turbidity during dredging and noise from piling are two  Turbidity will be measured
major impacts during the construction. continuously during dredging
 Biodiversity/biological index should be developed for the and proper technology and
monitoring purpose at different stages of the project. techniques are recommended
 Fish migration will be affected during piling and after pier to reduce turbidity in river
construction. Clarified March-May as the Hilsa migration time. water.
 Fish sanctuary can be developed in both up and down streams  Index is developed under the
of the river. Experienced organization should be engaged for ecology report.
the implementation of mitigation/compensation measures for  Protected sanctuary is
fisheries losses. proposed.

10.3.2 Focus Group Discussion

11. During the discussions, it was seen that the people were very strongly supportive of the project
and fully willing to cooperate with BBA. While their main concern was timely resettlement and proper
compensation, the participants were reassured by BBA that compensation will be paid in a timely and
transparent manner with the assistance of the implementing NGO. The discussion at Kathalbari
ferryghat covered several topics, including the shifting of the ferryghat during RTW construction,
access from the bridge to the regional highway to Shariatpur, and proper compensation. The group
was informed that as the Kabutarkhola bazaar would be affected by the RTW right-of-way located at
the border of Kabutarkhola and Jashaldia, the bazaar would be relocated at the Jashaldia site. The
local participants inquired whether it would be possible to locate the bazaar at both Kabutarkhola and
Jashaldia. Accepting the explanation that there were limitations in having more resettlement sites for
the market, which could cause delays in the process of compensation, the affected community
expressed their support for the current proposal. However, based on the Preferred RTW option,
Kabutarkhola bazaar is no longer affected by the project. Structured FGDs were held at all
resettlement sites, at service areas, construction yards, and Kathalbari Char (two locations) and the
summary of discussions and action points are listed in Table 10-6.

10-16
 Table 10-6: Opinion obtained from Focus Group Discussion and Action Point.
Issues Participants’ Opinion, Action Point/Response to
comments and Suggestions Proposal
Are you willing to move to the Majority Agreed to it.
Resettlement Sites?
What type of social impacts are  Split of families and Proper compensation will be
you expecting from the psychological stress provided to landowners to
Resettlement settle close to their families.
 Loss of business Livelihood restoration will be
planned for vulnerable
businesses.
Are you willing to leave 0.5-1m Majority Agreed to it. Provisions of 0.5-1m land
land around your plot for lighting around the plot are considered
and ventilation? in the design.
Do you think that health and Majority Agreed to it. Safe drinking water and
hygiene are related to drinking sanitation is planned in the RS
water and sanitation? design.
What is your present utility The source of drinking water is All RS are designed with the
supply (gas, power, water) hand tubewell. Proposal was provision of piped water
system? What type of utility made for the following utility supply and alternative drinking
supply system would you like to supply system along with water, power supply. Since
propose at Resettlement Sites? reasons: there is no gas line close to
Reasons Gas supply - for cooking the Project site, provision of
purpose, which will save wood future gas supply can be
and other fuels, which are considered by the local
emitting black smoke a typical municipality.
health hazard;
Power Supply – light and air
circulation. Underground power
distribution by PVC sheathed is
preferred to overhead
distribution system because of
more reliability, less hazardous
and good aesthetics.
Water- Piped water supply free
from contamination especially
arsenic and iron.
Are you willing to pay for the Majority Agreed to it. BBA will provide connections
utility use to cover operation and to each individual Household
maintenance of utility supply in RS. Operation and
system? Yes/No maintenance will be the
responsibility of the each HH.
How much are you willing to pay a) Gas: Tk 100 - Community Environmental
per household consumption? 200/month/burner and Management Committee will
Tk200/two burner ( Govt rate is negotiate establishing a
Tk400 /burner and Tk500/ two subsidized lifeline rates in
burner) consultation with BBA and
utility companies.
b) Power: Tk 50-100 /month
c) Water: Tk 40 -100/month
What type of toilet are you using  Single pit toilet with concrete Double pit with RCC concrete
and what type of toilet you would slab (about 90%) and rest (10%) slab and RCC concrete ring
like to propose at RS open toilet. and brick concrete wall along
(substructure and super with RCC roof for each
structure)? household is proposed.
Proposed toilets are:
Substructure- double pit with Majority agreed to the proposal.
RCC concrete slab and RCC
concrete ring and
Superstructure- brick concrete
wall along with RCC roof.

10-17
 Issues Participants’ Opinion, Action Point/Response to
comments and Suggestions Proposal
What type and how much waste 1. Type of wastes mainly are : Organic waste should be
do you generate at household Tree leafs, house garden, paddy composted at household level.
level? What is your present strain, waste paper, glass, There will be a designated
waste collection and disposal plastic and old cloths (inorganic central waste disposal site at
practices? What type of waste wastes) and vegetable shell, each RS and designated
management practices you foods, fruit shell and fish shell waste disposal site for medical
would like to see at RS (at (organic wastes). waste.
houses, market places,
2. Daily quantity of waste
hospitals, mosques)?
(average): approx.0.5-0.6kg
(inorganic) and approx. 0.5-
0.8kg (organic). No municipal
waste collection services in the
project affected area.
Household wastes are dumped
in earth holes and on
Proposed waste management
homestead side slopes.
practices at the RS are:
(a) House – organic waste
should be disposed in concrete Majority agreed to the proposal
chamber, placed in excavated
earth hole with concrete slab
cover at nearby the toilet in each
housing plot to produce
compost. After filling this
chamber, the second one needs
to be constructed at nearby the
st
1 one in similar way.
(b) Market Place – same as at
houses but at corner places
(preferably at north or west side.
(c) Medical – By burning, stored
in underground.
(d) Mosque–Usually insignificant
quantities of wastes are
generated within the mosque
compound.
What type of internal roads do Earth roads. Bituminous paved road
you have and what type of road Paved roads along with along with drainage
facilities would you like to have drainage facilities are facilities, lighting and
at RS? suggested. plantation is proposed in the
design.
What type of drainage facilities  No drainage facilities other Shallow V shaped brick drain
do you have and who is than natural. with plaster (for roads) and
responsible for maintenance of deep U shaped brick drain
these drains? What type of  Majority agreed to the with concrete cover at the RS
drainage facilities you would like proposal. site are proposed.
to have at RS?
Proposed drainage facilities at
RS can be shallow V shaped
brick drain with plaster (for
roads) and deep U shaped brick
drain with concrete cover (for
RS).
What type of health facilities  One health facility in Proposed medical facilities at
currently do you have and what Naodoba Union Parishad (UP) RS are: medical centre for
type of health facilities you and one in Lauhajang UZ HQ. general medical treatments
would like to propose at RS? Medical facilities in Naodoba UP along with provision of
Are you willing to pay money for health complex are: a Village maternity care facilities.
these services? Doctor with some medicines. Minimum one MBBS doctor
Preliminary medical treatments and 2 nurses. CEMC will

10-18
 Issues Participants’ Opinion, Action Point/Response to
comments and Suggestions Proposal
are given specially to the determine the cost of the
children and women. And in services.
Lauhajang health complex has
one MBBS doctor and three
nurses. Preliminary medical
treatments are given to the local
patients occasionally some
medicines.
 All treatments should be free
of cost.
Do your children have access to  There are primary and high A primary school upto
educational facilities? What type schools at Naodoba bazaar, Grade V at the center of
of schools would you like to Bakhorerkandi, Jashaldia and each RS (except RS1) is
propose at the RS? (e.g., Dakhin Medinimondal. The proposed in the design.
classes, student strength) primary school in Dakhin
Medinimondal is not adequate
for the children.
 A primary school with
minimum Grade V at the center
of the RS is proposed by the
PAPs.
What type of community Participants agreed to Civil amenities such as
facilities (e.g., Mosque, community facilities such as mosque, community center,
Community Centers, and Play mosque, community center, green belt, play ground are
Grounds) would you like to green place, play ground at RS. proposed in the design at
propose at the RS? Do you have There was no reservation or each RS.
any objection if play objection from the public if play
ground/meeting place is also ground is used as gathering
used as gathering places during places during religious/cultural
religious/cultural festival? festival. (Strongly supported for
cultural purposes).
What type of other infrastructure Market, graveyard and pond Each RS is designed to have
facilities (e.g., markets,) would were proposed. market places, ponds.
you like to have at the RS?
What type of tree species would Proposed tree species were: Recommendations are made
you like to plant in the RS?  Wood trees- Chapalish, to plant local species in the
Raintree, Shegun, plantation program along the
Mahogany, Akasmoni, road and RTW right-of-way
Babla, Jarul, Raintree etc. and in RS.
 Fruit trees- Tal, Coconut,
Mango, Jackfruit, Amra,
Amluki, Jam, Guava, Black
Berry, Olive Oil etc.
 Medicine Trees- Bohera,
Hortuki, Neem, Arjun,
Chandan etc. and
 Fuel Trees- Krisnachura,
Shimul etc.
Do you think safety fence is Majority agreed to have a safety Safety fence is proposed in
required for the RS? If yes which wall made of concrete the engineering design.
type?
Community Environmental Management

10-19
 Issues Participants’ Opinion, Action Point/Response to
comments and Suggestions Proposal
Do you think community Participants appreciated it The Consultant is preparing a
environmental management is a CEMP, the objective is to
good idea? Yes/No engage the community in the
environmental management
during construction and
operation stages.
Would you like to involve in the Participants agreed and want to A community environmental
community environmental volunteer for CEM. management committee
management committee? (CEMC) with participation from
Yes/No the PAPs including women
If yes, what would be your role, and school teachers is
Volunteer/Manager proposed in the CEMP.
Do you require some training in Participants agreed. Training for the CEMC
the CEM? Yes/No members are planned in the
CEMP.
Do you think educational Participants agreed to it. Training for the teachers and
institute should play the key role CEMC members/managers
in the CEM? Yes/No are planned in the CEMP.
If yes, should the teachers be
trained to take the lead in the
CEM? Yes/No

Do you think environmental Participants agreed to it Training will be provided to the

education should be part of the teachers to teach students
school curriculum? Yes/No about the environment and its
If yes, (a) 1 hour/day; (b) 1 (a) 1 hour/day preservation.
hour/week; (c) 1 hour/month
Do you support teachers engage Majority said yes. School curriculum will be
students in the CEM activities as developed for environmental
part of the school curriculum education.
(weekly collection and disposing
garbage, cleaning road side
drains, cutting grasses, planting
trees etc.)?

Should the environmental - Majority said yes. CEMC will make decisions on
management committee the incentives.
compensate the students for
their work? Yes/No
If yes, compensation by (a) a
(b) One meal/month
meal/day; (b) a meal/week; (c) a
meal/month
Presently, what measures are By watering with the help of CEMP will propose mitigation
you taking in case of firing? villagers. By watering and by measures and train PAPs.
What measures will you spreading of sand from
recommend for RS in case of stockpiling yard.
firing?
FGD in Charland
How many people live in the 12,000
Charland?
What is the age of the 11 years
Charland?
What are the cultural resources 9 Nos. Mosque, 1 Madrasha, 1
in the Charland? Primary School, 1 Club (Sk.
Rusel).
Is this Charland inundated Yes only during high floods (say
during flood? If yes, how much 1998, 2004, 2007),< 1.5m
water depth on the Charland

10-20
 Issues Participants’ Opinion, Action Point/Response to
comments and Suggestions Proposal
during high floods?
Is the Charland eroded by Yes due to heavy flow of Padma Backwater effect due to bridge
floods? If yes, how many metre at east-north side (20 m / yr.) pier is negligible (10cm),
/year? hence no flood is expected
due to the project intervention.
Is this Charland under Fully
agricultural production fully? If
not, then how much (%)?
What are the crops produced in Paddy (broad crested Amon, borro
this Charland? paddy, irri paddy) Pulses, wheat,
Kalajira, Onion, garlic, nut etc.
What are the common trees Shishu, Chamrul, Koroi, Bahajari,
planted in the Charland? Akashi, Mango, Jackfruit, Bahaue,
Coconut, Betel nut etc.
Whether this Charland is rich for Yes, Beel (1.6 km2) – Fishes on Major impact on fisheries in
fish culture? Is any permanent shoal, boal, Shrimp, rui, mrigel not expected.
water body (beel, lake etc) Katleal, Ariel, bain, Taki.
located in this Charland? If yes, Estimated fish production is 240
what types of fishes are ton.
available in the water body and
the quantity of production/year?
Is any fisherman village located No, but Charland families are Some temporary disturbance
in this Charland? If yes, what % involved for fish catching (40%) is expected on fish and
of total population? aquatic life. A livelihood
restoration plan is being
prepared and the fisherman
will get support under this
plan.
What is the present water Sanitation: (1) Single Pit Latrine
supply/sanitation condition in the (90%) and (2) Open Toilet (10%)
Charland? Water Supply: (1) Surface water,
(2) HTWs (As free)
Is any historical/tourist place No
located in the Charland?
Are you in favour of the Yes, better communication,
proposed Padma Multipurpose development of business etc.
Bridge at Mawa- Janjira
location? If yes, why?
What type of environmental If water level rise due to the Based on the hydrological
impacts are you expecting from project intervention then Charland analysis backwater effect is
the proposed bridge on will be further inundated negligible (10cm). This is
Charland? extended to 1.5km upstream.
Whether the proposed RTWs Option 1 & 2 will not provide any Based on the MCA Option 1 is
will bring + or – impacts on protection to Charland (riverbank more preferred than other
Charland? erosion at north – east side of the options considering technical,
Charland will continue). Option 3 economic, environmental and
will have positive impact (will social aspects.
protect).
What are the anticipated Char will be eroded due to wave Demarcation will be provided
impacts during construction of action from movement of barges along the specific navigation
the project? and large ships. Positive impact route, which will be far from
will be job opportunity & increase the
of price of goods.
Are migrated birds comes in the Yes, birds – chokha, balihash A conservation plan for bird
Charland? If yes , (a)Type and (Swan), black kingfish at beel area sanctuary is recommended in
(b) location & Padma river. the EMMP.
Have you seen any dolphin in Yes during flood more but during A conservation plan for wildlife
the river? What time of the year dry season less in the Padma. monitoring is recommended in
dolphin available? Are they the EMMP.

10-21
 Issues Participants’ Opinion, Action Point/Response to
comments and Suggestions Proposal
sensitive to (a) noise, (b)
vibration and (c) human
pressure.
Do you support dredged spoils No. Because it will damage Dredged spoil will be
stock pile in the char land? If agriculture land. stockpiled in the recently
dredged spoil stockpile on the emerged Charland in
Charland then what are the downstream with no habitants
possible impacts? and agricultural land available.
Any suggestions to save Option – 3 for RTWs might help in RTW has made a decision
Charland from Charland protection. based on MCA analysis.
erosion/accretion?
What type of development No medical facilities are available A facility is recommended for
activity do you expect from the in this char (only village physician the bird watcher and
government? + some medicine shops). Roads, conservation staff, which will
Hospital, High School, Tourism accommodate fresh water and
etc. sanitation system.
FGD in BEF
Whether the proposed SA-1 are Yes.
located at the suitable place for
SA-1 or not ?
Why are you in favour of the Because the proposed SA-1 is
proposed SA1? located along the national highway
of Dhaka-Mawa. Moreover a very
few households are going to be
affected due to the proposed SA-
1.
What type of main social The main social impact from the Traffic and road safety
impacts are you expecting from SA-1 will be the land acquisition measures are considered in
the SA-1? mainly agricultural lands and road the engineering design.
accidents. Because the SA-1 is
located just at the national
highway of Dhaka-Mawa and huge
traffics are observed on this road.
How road accident can be By implementing govt. rules and Road safety measures are
mitigated? regulations regarding road considered in the engineering
accidents. design.
What type of ecological impacts Damaging of water hyacinth in the Tree plantation program is
are you expecting from the SA- borrow areas of SA-1 and some recommended in the EMMP in
1? homestead trees. 1:2 (1 tree cut: 2 trees
planted).
What type of environmental Noise pollution due to movement Noise mitigation measures are
pollutions are expecting from the of vehicles and construction recommended in the EMMP.
SA-1 during construction? activities. Water pollution due to
accidental spillage of hazardous
chemicals, liquid waste etc.
How you can mitigate Speed of vehicles should be An environmental Code of
environmental pollutions during controlled. The experienced Practice (ECP) on Traffic
construction? drivers also should be engaged. management is considered in
Liquid waste should be dumped the EMMP.
only on designated areas.

What type of internal roads do Bituminous paved road along with Paved service and access
you have and what type of road drainage facilities, lighting & trees. roads are considered in the
facilities would you like to have engineering design for all local
at SA-1? communities.
What type of drainage facilities No drainage facilities other than Appropriate drainage
available in the SA-1? What type natural. Proposed drainage infrastructure has been
of drainage facilities you would facilities at SA-1 can be shallow V considered in the engineering
like to have at SA-1? shaped brick drain with plaster (for design.

10-22
 Issues Participants’ Opinion, Action Point/Response to
comments and Suggestions Proposal
roads) and deep U shaped brick
drain with concrete cover (for
houses).

10.3.3 Public Consultation

12. Recommendations from the First and Second public consultations (Table 10-7 and Table 10-8,
respectively) are incorporated in the engineering design of the Project (e.g., noise barriers, drainage
structures, avoiding construction close to sensitive locations, access to River from RTW, landings for
speedboat and country boats, livelihood development, least land acquisition, and proper
compensation plan for the affected community. In addition, employment of local population and
businesses are preferred by all participants. Few concerns were raised during these consultations on
proper compensation and easier access to district commissioners’ offices, provision of adequate
drainage structures for flood flows, the quality of the construction, proper engineering practices during
construction, and plantation and greenbelt development.
Table 10-7: Details of First Public Consultations
Participants’ Opinion, Response to Questions Action Points
Issues
Comments and Suggestions and Concerns
General perception All participants were in favor of
about the project and the project and were aware
the awareness about about the proposed project.
the proposed project.
Support of local Almost everybody said that The Detailed Design EMP to address
people for the they will support the project Team informed that the construction
proposed project? and advised the Detailed design and layout of the phase impacts in
Design Team to take main bridge and the other a focused manner
precautions in the project components, e.g., and on a
environmental mitigation to the approach roads, comprehensive
avoid the various impacts service areas, service basis.
anticipated during the pre- roads, resettlement sites,
construction, construction and etc., when finalized, will
operation stages of the project consider the anticipated
and to ensure protection of the adverse impacts. EMP
sensitive locations of the areas. will cover specific
measures to follow during
the construction process
in protecting religious and
other sensitive locations.
Any impact of the A mosque is located on the Sufficient number of trees During
project on the National Highway N8 on its left in several rows will be construction,
sensitive sites before reaching the Mawa planted and noise barriers noise barriers to
(mosque, graveyard, roundabout. After widening of will be provided to all be constructed.
school, etc.)? N8 from the existing two lanes locations exceeding noise
EMP should cover
to four lanes, and also during standards. EMP will
the sanctities of
the operational stage of the specifically cover the
sensitive
project, noise and vibration will sanctities of sensitive
locations.
be experienced due to the locations and training will
movement of high volume of be provided to preserve
traffic; as a result devotees will them. Contractors will be
be facing disturbances in instructed to engage in
offering their prayers. In consultations with
addition, a family grave is community leaders before
located under the bridge scheduling any
landing site. Careful construction in those
consideration should be given locations.
to protect and preserve them
during construction and provide

10-23
 Participants’ Opinion, Response to Questions Action Points
Issues
Comments and Suggestions and Concerns
access during operation stage.
Impact due to loss of Affected people should be Social initiative for A Livelihood
agricultural land. reassured of help from the maintenance of planted Restoration Plan
government by way of trees will generate should be
generating alternative sources alternative employment. prepared under
of livelihood and employment. RAP
Borrow-pits could be
potential sites of
aquaculture.
APs will be provided with
Income Generation
Schemes (IGS) for which
NGOs will be employed to
train APs for future
occupation.
Impact of the project By constructing the approach Proper hydrological Proper storm
on water bodies, road, local flood flows will be analysis is being done to water drainage
streams, wetlands, blocked. Proper design will be design the drainage system to be
drainage system, etc. required to avoid any localized structures. Six bridges, 14 designed.
flood. culverts, and nine
underpasses are
proposed in the approach
roads
Construction of The proposed roads could be 1:4 slope may not be A Greenbelt
Approach Roads and constructed with 1:4 slope lined possible as it is 1:2 as per Development
other roads on both the sides with trees to international standards Plan should be
be planted by the government. and donors’ guidelines. prepared
Trees should be planted along Tree plantation in the
roadsides immediately after road and RTW right-of- Soil from dredge
road construction. way will be undertaken. In material to be
. addition, several used in
greenbelts along the construction after
River bank, in ensuring that the
Resettlement Sites and in same is free from
Service Areas will also be contamination
Soil for roads could be considered.
procured/sourced from outside Soil for alignment
the adjacent areas to avoid construction of the roads
borrow-pits accumulating will mainly be sourced
water. from dredge materials.
Access should be provided to Borrow pits can bring
the houses and business which about alternative means
are located within the vicinity of of earnings to the
bridge viaduct and transition residents of the area
structures through aquaculture.

Government needs to consider Several social

seriously the issue of augmentation and
generating alternative means of enhancement initiatives
livelihood and employment for are being developed
APs. under social/resettlement
studies; e.g.,
maintenance of planted
trees will generate
employment.
Compensation for Huge number of trees to be Census of trees has Proper
trees to be felled felled should be correctly several times been done compensation for

10-24
 Participants’ Opinion, Response to Questions Action Points
Issues
Comments and Suggestions and Concerns
during construction of counted and compensated previously and will be felled trees should
the bridge. accordingly. updated by an NGO be provided.
retained by BBA. Based
upon updated census, the
actual number of trees to
be felled will be identified
for compensating APs.
Moreover, the project
provides for the owners to
take away the felled trees
even after they receive
proper compensation.
Does the proposed Noise, vibration and dust will Impact of the project upon Monitoring of
Project create any be major issues during ambient air, noise quality, environmental
problem with ambient construction. soil quality, water quality parameters to be
air, noise quality, soil is being assessed through carried out
quality, or water collection of primary
Activities to be
quality? baseline data. EMP will
checked and
provide instructions
responsible
limiting environmental
parties (e.g.
qualities to comply with
contractors)
the standards and
penalized if not
penalties for violations.
complying with
environmental
standards.
Impact of the project Mostly affected will be the The ongoing survey of the Impact on aquatic
on the aquatic aquatic flora and fauna. ecosystem of the River environment to be
environment Migration and spawning of Padma and surrounding assessed and
Hilsa, ayer, ritha, and variety of areas together with the planned to be,
other fishes. The livelihood of study on Climate Change, minimized or
around 1200-1500 members of its impact on the mitigated in the
the fishermen community proposed bridge EMP.
should be taken into (including RTW,
APs to be
consideration while designing Approach Roads and
compensated
the bridge over the River Bridge-end Facilities), on
according to the
Padma. the Padma River itself,
Livelihood
wildlife in the project area,
Restoration Plan.
etc., will determine,
among other aspects, the
fate of aquatic flora and
fauna throughout the
project area due to project
activities. Such exercises
will help assess the extent
of adverse impact upon
the livelihood of the
fishermen community
and, hence, determine
their alternative livelihood.
Do you have any Soil erosion and geohazards Slope protection by Preparation of
critical issue or should be considered while designing retaining RAP.
concern regarding the designing the roads in the structures, and vegetation
proposed project project areas. in unstable batters are APs to be
(e.g., flooding, considered in the properly
Charland, split of engineering design. compensated for
community, Land acquisition should be A Resettlement Action lost land.
sedimentation, minimized and proper Plan will be prepared in
siltation, erosion, compensation should be compliance with Consultant has to

10-25
 Participants’ Opinion, Response to Questions Action Points
Issues
Comments and Suggestions and Concerns
drainage, access considered. harmonized safeguard consult local
road, damaged requirements. Proper people throughout
culvert etc.)? compensation will be the project for any
designed in the localized drainage
resettlement plan and congestion.
land acquisition.

Floods of 1988 and 1998 Quite a significant number

should be taken into account. of small bridges and
The project needs to consider culverts have been
passage of water through proposed in the approach
roads and embankments. road design. Information
will be obtained on
specific locations with
localized drainage
congestion known to the
community.
Are you aware of any Priority to local people, The Project will enhance Preference to
information that is businesses and contractors economic development in local people
vital for the proposed should be given during the the Janjira area through should be given
project (economic construction activities and industrial and commercial for employment in
development, savings employment in service areas development and project
in travel time, easy and tourist facilities during consequent employment construction and
access to social operation phases. generation, savings in operation.
infrastructure)? travel time and easy
access to social
infrastructure.
Effect of construction Vegetation destruction will An inventory of area Inventorization of
on watercourses, fish adversely affect the habitats of specific vegetation and endangered and
migration, plants, rare species and nesting rare species are being rare species
health and safety, grounds. prepared. EMP will should be carried
wildlife habitats. provide for regeneration out
of the vegetation prone to
destruction due to the Fish migration
project activities and and spawning has
conservation of the rare to be taken care
species. of during
Impact on fish migration and construction.
spawning. There will be no
constriction of River Occupational
during the construction. health safety
Piling in one of the deep measures to be
channels will be restricted adopted
during fish migration
season to avoid
hindrance or blockage of
fish migration and
Impact on workers’ health and spawning. Light
safety, and on wildlife habitats. refraction will be used in
downstream to divert fish
movement from the piling
channel well ahead of
Provision of footpaths along the reaching the construction
expanded N8. area to the other deep
channel.

EMP will have requisite

provision toward
protecting workers’ health

10-26
 Participants’ Opinion, Response to Questions Action Points
Issues
Comments and Suggestions and Concerns
and ensuring safety
measures and for
protection of wildlife
habitats in the project
area.

A total of 3.5m shoulder

in each side will be
provided in the approach
road.
Are there other All the participants agreed that EMP will recommend Provision should
criteria you would like the project should start as soon employment of the local be made for eco-
to be considered as possible. Local people and people and businesses tourism, resorts
during project design, local contractors should be during construction. and visitor center.
construction and employed during construction.
Crossing N8 will be Preference to
operation stage
They also enquired about safe through underpasses. In local people in
(crossing N8, bridge
crossing of N8 by pedestrians, addition, 11 junctions are employment
or culverts, village
livestock, etc., provision of designed with district, during
market, amusement
amusement park, tourism regional, and other roads. construction.
parks, tourism,
facilities, wildlife museum at the Access from the bridge to
wildlife museum etc)?
project area. the regional road to
Shariatpur by a ramp
close to the service area
in Janjira side is designed
to avoid long distance
traveled by the users who
wants to use the regional
road to Shariatpur.
The project, when
completed, will provide
resorts, visitor center, etc.
Resettlement Site Location of market and school Final design of Proper design of
(model distribution should be separated by a pond. Resettlement Sites will resettlement sites
plan) accommodate such that should have
provisions. provisions for all
Housing should be arranged basic amenities
according to profession, Final design of
income size and social status. resettlement sites will try
to accommodate such
provisions.
Dustbins for local waste
deposition as well as the
central ones for onward Final design of
distribution and disposal to Resettlement Sites will
municipal facilities should be accommodate such
provided. provisions.

APs should not be resettled

farthest to their affected sites. Final design of
Resettlement Sites will
accommodate such
provisions.
Vendors, Hawkers, Concern was expressed by a The Resettlement Team Livelihood
Hotels and Hotel section of the audience about looks after the issue and Restoration Plan
Workers the fate of vendors, hawkers, will make arrangements will address the
existing restaurants owners for alternative professions concerns of all

10-27
 Participants’ Opinion, Response to Questions Action Points
Issues
Comments and Suggestions and Concerns
and workers when the bridge for vulnerable groups. vulnerable
will be completed. groups.
Bus and Railway Railway stations, service areas, Will be addressed in the
Stations and approach roads should be final design
easily reachable by road.
Provision of Hospital Construction camps should be First aid and health All basic
and Ambulance self sufficient, inter alia, with facilities, ambulance requirements and
Services at the health center, ambulance services, and praying amenities to be
Construction Yards services, and religious facilities places will be provided for considered for
to avoid any induced pressure the construction workers. construction
on community infrastructure. workers at their
camps.
Is this consultation Everybody was of the opinion Second formal
useful? that such consultation on consultation will be
environment is first of its kind organized in January
and very useful and they 2010 and further
expect further consultations consultations will be
during the whole period of the recommended in the EIA
project. Because these are during construction and
good avenues for the affected operation phases.
community to express their
concern to BBA, local
administration and the project
design consultants

Table 10-8: Details of Second Public Consultations

Participants’ Opinion, Response to Questions Action Points

Issues Comments and Suggestions and Concerns
General perception All Participants were in
about the project and support of the project. It was
the awareness about the widely believed that the
proposed project. project will enhance national
and regional development and
create opportunities for
enhanced investment and
lead to improvement in
livelihood for local peoples.
Does the proposed Many teachers were Water will be spread Reported to BBA
project have any impact concerned that the proposed during construction to for immediate
on the protected area project will have an adverse minimize dust pollution. action. BBA site
(mosques, graveyard, impact on the Jashaldia High After completion of the engineers visited
school, School and No.3 Kumarbhog dredged sand filling, the the site and
madrasa, historical or Govt. Primary School which filling surface shall be communicated
archaeological sites)? are close to the project site. covered by earlier stored with the
They were concerned, that top soils without further contractors for
dust and noise pollution could delay to avoid dust the compliance
reduce enrolment, and a few generation during wind. of EMP. Noise
teachers commented that dust Avoid unnecessary use barriers to be
emitted by the project of horns, alarms, sirens installed at all
activities has already affected as well as to follow sensitive
a number of students of the BRTA rules and locations during
primary school. Care must be regulations to minimize construction.
taken so that the schools are noise pollution. Rows of Noise and dust
trees will be planted at control measures

10-28
 Participants’ Opinion, Response to Questions Action Points
Issues Comments and Suggestions and Concerns
kept free of such impacts. all locations exceeding as well as
noise standards. mosque and
graveyard issues
The mosque at the
Some participants were at Mawa side
Mawa cross road side
concerned that a mosque have been
will be compensated by
(Jame Masjid) and graveyard considered in the
constructing new
on the Mawa cross-road side EMP.
mosque at other suitable
will be adversely affected by
location. Graveyard will
the project.
not be affected as it will
be located under the
bridge end viaduct
Does the proposed A large percentage of No constriction of the Proper hydraulic
project create any participants were concerned Padma River has been design has been
problems with water that blocking the natural flow considered in the considered for
courses (by blocking of the water will definitely hydraulic design of the the main bridge
water ways, drainage cause environmental main bridge. Proper and drainage
congestions, navigations problems. Careful attention hydrological analysis has structures with
etc.)? should be given, so that there also been carried out to provision of
is no harm caused by the design the drainage navigation.
bridge or during the bridge structures (six bridges
construction process. Care over the Padma branch
should be taken so that there channels including
is no loss to navigability or bridge over the Naodoba
reduction to river flow. River with provision of
Navigability of the channel adequate navigation
adjacent to Naodoba Bazar clearance and 14
should be enhanced in the culverts) on the bridge
greater interest of the farmers approach road at Janjira
of the locality. Side.

Do you have any critical Floods, hindrance, drainage Specific locations with Six small bridges
issue or concern system, split among localized drainage and 14 culverts
regarding the proposed communities, etc., are congestion known to the have been
Padma Bridge Project anticipated. community are obtained proposed in the
(e.g., flooding, Charland, during the early stage of approach road
split of community, the project. Specific design. In
sedimentation, siltation, locations of potential split addition, 7
erosion, drainage, of communities are underpasses and
access road etc.)? obtained. service roads are
also proposed in
the Janjira
approach road.
Low-lying areas of the Measures have been
immediate surroundings of Toe drains are
proposed toward
this RS will be inundated proposed in the
ensuring a proper
during high floods and cause design of RS and
drainage system both
sufferings to the local people. SA to drain water
within and beyond the
Such a situation needs to be to the local
RS areas to avoid
carefully taken into account. streams.
drainage congestions.

There should be measures for Flood Control RTWs without

flood control and containing Embankment (FCE) is provision of FCE
bank erosion. are designed
not considered to allow
normal flood flow and properly to
The project, when natural drainage. Bank protect bank and
implemented will enhance erosion stopped when control river.
accretion of Charland and RTWs (protection works)

10-29
 Participants’ Opinion, Response to Questions Action Points
Issues Comments and Suggestions and Concerns
siltation. are implemented.

Are you aware of any The project will bring about The Project will enhance Employment
information that is vital substantial national economic development opportunities
for the proposed project development. in the area through especially for the
(economic development, industrial growth, PAPs during and
The project will enhance
savings in travel time, tourism, agricultural, and after construction
economic development in the
easy access to social commercial development are considered in
area, minimize travel-time
infrastructure)? If yes, and consequent the EMP and
between the southern region
what are they? employment generation, Income and
and the capital city, ensure
savings in travel time in Livelihood
supply of utilities, e.g., gas,
between Dhaka and Restoration
water, electricity, and
southern region and Program (ILRP)
accelerate social
easy access to social under SAP.
development.
infrastructure. The
Enhanced business facilities, project will also enhance
spread of educational spread of educational
facilities, marketing of local facilities.
agricultural produces to
nearby towns.
Have you any concern Construction phase of the Contractors will be Mitigation
about the effect of bridge might damage local instructed to transport measures
construction on water roads due to transportation of construction materials in against
courses, fish migration, construction materials, cause a manner as to minimize damaging of
plants, health noise, air and dust pollution, damage to local roads. roads, minimizing
and safety, wildlife and damage the trees in the Transporting bulk air and noise
habitats, air, dust, noise surrounding areas. A number quantities of materials pollutions, tree
and vibration? of tree species will be lost. are encouraged through plantations,
water transport. An restriction of
inventory of area specific piling in the deep
Air and noise pollution from vegetation and rare channel for
project will result in enhanced species are being migration of
pressure on hospitals. prepared. EMP will Hilsa, protected
provide for regeneration sanctuary etc.
of the vegetation prone are considered in
to destruction due to the the EMP.
project activities and
conservation of the rare
species.

There will be adverse impact

upon the availability of Hilsa Piling in all deep
and other fish varieties. channels will be
restricted during fish
migration season to
Appropriate measures should
avoid hindrance or
be taken toward development
blockage of fish
of fish resources of the river
migration and spawning.
(e.g., creating a fish
Padma Protected
preservation area at around
Sanctuary is proposed to
2km from the area adjacent to
compensate habitat loss.
the bridge).
Are there other criteria Many Participants expressed The project, when Resorts, eco-
you would like to see that Health centres, tourism completed, will provide tourism,
considered during facilities, haats/baazars, protected sanctuary, protected
design, construction and stadiums, etc., need to be eco-tourism, resorts, sanctuary, visitor
operation stages of the constructed. visitor center, etc. centers etc. are
project (access road, considered in the
bridge or culverts, The area will be benefited with

10-30
 Participants’ Opinion, Response to Questions Action Points
Issues Comments and Suggestions and Concerns
village market, health opening of direct project.
centers, tourism, wildlife communication with southern
museum etc)? region of the country and
creation of wildlife museum.
Access road will be
Roads and culverts need to provided for the local
be renovated toward The design has
community.
facilitating access to bridge considered
access road. access and
service roads
those will be
linked with the
bridge.
Did you find this All the participants agreed that More consultations will Consultations
consultation useful? the consultation was be recommended in the and grievance
necessary and useful. They EIA during construction redress are
believed that seeking public and operation phases of considered in the
opinion in respect of the the project. EMP.
project will facilitate the local
people in expressing
themselves and, hence, help
implement the project in the
most effective way. Such kind
of public consultation will help
identify people's concern and
ways toward their redress.
Would you like to be We would like to be involved EMP is recommending Preference to
involved in the in tree-plantation program employment of the local local people in
implementation of the under the project. people (especially PAPs) employment and
project (e.g., and businesses during supplier during
construction worker, construction and construction.
local contractor, I like to work in this project as operation phases of the
maintenance, plantation a local contractor. project.
etc.)?

We like to get involved in the

project as labourer.

Being a political personality

working for wellbeing of the
local people, I like to
participate in the activities
related to the construction
phase of the project.
General Comments The project will provide Support of local people RAP considered
employment opportunities of is very important for the proper
the local people at various implementation of the compensation
levels. project. The project can and resettlement
be successfully to all affected
We all want this project to
implemented only with people. In
become a reality. However,
the cooperation of local addition, there
effective measure must be
people. RAP will ensure are numerous
taken to ensure resettlement
proper compensation other plans
of all the affected persons, so
and resettlement to all proposed both in
that none is left out.
affected people. RAP and EAP to
The project is of utmost compensate and
necessity in view of alleviation enhance the

10-31
 Participants’ Opinion, Response to Questions Action Points
Issues Comments and Suggestions and Concerns
of hardship being currently environment.
experienced by the people of
the southern region and also
in the perspective of overall
national interest.

13. The public consultations were covered by the media. The Upazila Chairmen and the Project team
were interviewed by Rudra Barta regional Newspaper reporter. An English translation of Rudrabarta
newspaper article along with the original Article in Bengali are provided in Annex 10-8.
10.3.4 Information Disclosure
14. The EIA, documenting the mitigation measures and consultation process, will be made available
for public review in both English and Bengali. The summary EIA will be published on the BBA and Co-
financiers’ websites, and the full EIA will be available upon request from the Co-financiers and will be
accessible in BBA website. During the consultations, the affected people and the local communities
expressed support for the Project as they clearly saw the benefit to the community as well as the
region. Consultations and public disclosure of information will continue during project implementation
through:

(i) The preparation and dissemination of a brochure in Bengali, explaining the affected
peoples’ entitlements and the procedures for obtaining compensation for the lost of trees,
crops, and land and recording grievances; and
(ii) Setting up of a formal grievance redress committee (ref. Chapter 9, Section 9.2.5) with a
representation from BBA, INGO, local elected officials, representatives of affected people
and women in the project area to ensure participatory process and to allow voices of the
affected communities in the grievance procedures.

10-32
CHAPTER 11:

ECONOMIC
ASSESSMENT
Table of Contents
11 Economic Assessment 11-1
11.1 Introduction 11-1
11.2 Project Costs 11-1
11.2.1 Overall Project Costs 11-1
11.2.2 Environmental Costs 11-2
11.3 Traffic Forecasts 11-3
11.3.1 Demographic Changes 11-3
11.3.2 Regional Economic Development Impacts 11-3
11.4 Project Benefits 11-5
11.4.1 Revenue Forecasts 11-5
11.5 Cost Benefit Analysis 11-6
11.5.1 Economic Evaluation Results 11-6
11.5.2 Sensitivity Analysis 11-7

List of Tables

Table 11-1: Project Cost Estimates for Input to Economic Evaluation 11-1
Table 11-2: Environmental Costs included in the total Project costs 11-2
Table 11-4: Traffic Forecasts 11-4
Table 11-5: Benefits used in the economic evaluation 11-5
Table 11-6: Traffic and Revenue Forecasts 11-6
Table 11-7: Economic Evaluation Results 11-6
Table 11-8: Sensitivity analysis results 11-7

List of Figures
Figure 11-1: Indirect Economic effects 11-4

11-i
11 Economic Assessment
11.1 Introduction
1. The Padma Multipurpose Bridge will provide a vital missing link in the national road network of
Bangladesh, particularly for the southwest part of the country. The bridge will support development in
an area that has till date been poorly serviced by the road network, thereby reducing transport costs
and inducing additional trips that would have previously thought it too expensive to make the trip.

2. The benefits of the Project will include:

 The bridge will provide significant travel time savings to the traffic in the corridor, particularly
between the Dhaka to the southwest of Bangladesh and possibly onto India. These travel
time savings are expected to be of the order of 2 hours for cars and bus to 10+ hours for
trucks when the bridge is operational by 2014.
 The construction and operation of the Padma Bridge, will result in significant economic
benefits to the southwest region, in the form of increased production, goods and services;
relocation and generation of new economic activities.
 Increased economic activity and consumption expenditure will lead to poverty alleviation in
Khulna and Barisal Divisions.

3. A detailed economic assessment of the Project was carried out by the Design Consultant and
presented in ‘Detailed Economic and Financial Analysis’ Report dated 11 February 2010. The
Economic and Financial Analysis Report provides an input to aid design, construction, finance,
operation and maintenance of the bridge. A transport model to forecast traffic volumes and revenues
of the Padma Bridge was developed in which macroeconomic tools such as Social Accounting Matrix
(SAM) for computing regional benefits outside the transport sector were used. This Chapter provides a
summary of the economic and financial analysis of the project.

11.2 Project Costs

11.2.1 Overall Project Costs
4. Detailed cost estimates of the various Project components are given in the ‘Project Cost
Estimates’ Report submitted by the Design Consultant on 8th April 2010. A summary cost estimate is
given in Table 11-1.
Table 11-1: Project Cost Estimates for Input to Economic Evaluation
Project Final Scheme
Component USD million
1. Construction Cost
Main Bridge 907.5
Services on the Main Bridge 41.4
Approach Roads 131.6
Road Viaducts 60.5
Rail Viaducts 7.8
Rail Facilities 36.8
Bridge End Facilities 68.3
River Training Works 597.4
Ferry Route Adjustment 8.0
Construction Yards 57.5
Total Construction Cost 1916.8
2. Engineering Cost
Construction Supervision 46.4
3. Administration Cost
Construction supervision 4.6

11-1
 Project Final Scheme
Component USD million
4. Land Acquisition & Resettlement & EMP cost 210

5. Physical Contingency 85.9

6. Duty Tax (VAT etc) 155.3

Total Project Cost 2,419.1
Total Construction Cost 2,158.1
(including contingency & Duty VAT)
Source: Project Cost Estimate Report, Padma Multipurpose Bridge Design Project, 8 April 2010

11.2.2 Environmental Costs

5. The Project cost estimates in Table 11-1 also includes all environmental costs proposed in EIA
report, such as environmental mitigation and monitoring costs, environmental enhancement measures
and institutional strengthening. Details of these environmental costs are given in Table 11-2. The table
also includes costs of community environmental management plan (CEMP) proposed for 4
resettlement sites.

Table 11-2: Environmental Costs included in the total Project costs

S. Cost
Item Details
No. (US$ million)
1 Environmental Costs of mitigation measures during
Management and construction and operation stages
5.94
Mitigation Plan of EIA proposed in EMMP (Refer Item AI Table
8.3 of Chapter 8)
2 Compensation and Tree plantation and greenbelt
Enhancement Plans development plan, conservation plans for
protected sanctuary, and visitor center 2.73
(refer section 8.8 of Chapter 8) including
O&M Budget
3 Institutional Strengthening (i) Institutional Strengthening and EMMP
and Capacity Implementation Consultants; (ii) Capacity
Development; and Building in Environmental Management
Supervision of and Monitoring; (iii) Other National
Implementation of EMMP Training Programs International Training
5.29
Programs; (iv) Third Party Arrangements;
(v) Hardware and Software for GIS/MIS;
(vi) Library Filming/Media/Publicity of
Project Activities and (vii) Surveys,
Analysis and Reports (refer Chapter 9)
4 Operational Budget for Maintenance of plantations, emergency
EMMP response plan, maintenance of protected
sanctuary, operation of visitor center, O/M
3.74
of hydrometeorological station, O/M of
CEMP (Refer Item B Table 8.3 of Chapter
8)
5 Environmental Monitoring Costs of monitoring wildlife, air, noise,
Plan of EIA vibration and water quality in accordance
with EMMP during construction and O/M 0.89
(Refer Item A and B of Table 8.4 of
Chapter 8)
Total 18.59

11-2
 11.3 Traffic Forecasts
6. Traffic volumes of the Project are estimated using detailed information on wider economic
benefits, especially:

 The resulting changes in the level of economic activity and population growth generated by
Padma Bridge; and
 Regional economic development impacts brought about by the change in transport costs and
accessibility as a result of the new link.

11.3.1 Demographic Changes

7. Changes in demography due to population conglomeration and increase in households due to the
construction of Padma Bridge will vary depending on the vicinity to the bridge. Changed demography
and labor market opportunities will mean that areas surrounding Padma Bridge will experience higher
population growth rates compared to what they have been achieving historically or were projected to
achieve.

8. In the past, migration of people from the rural belt has always been towards urban areas to seek
employment. However, it is expected that there will be decline in migration as employment
opportunities will open up in the South-West Region, and also in Dhaka – which will be much easier to
commute with the development of bridge link.

9. The impact of these changes in population growth rates between the Base Case and Bridge Case
is estimated. It is estimated that Barisal and Khulna divisions of south western region are expected to
experience the greatest impact with an additional 5.9% and 5.3% in population by 2030 compared to
the situation if Padma Bridge had not been built.

11.3.2 Regional Economic Development Impacts

10. The operation of the Padma Bridge, will result in significant economic changes to the southwest
region. There will be changes in the relative prices of production of goods and services, relocation of
economic activities, and generation of new activities other than related to transport sector.

11. It is foreseen that industrial growth would be elevated due to the Bridge but these will be long-
term development impacts and will take time to set in with the changing transportation accessibility. In
the short run, there may be a small amount of extra freight travel as it becomes easier for existing
firms to access networks of customers and suppliers. However, in the longer run, reductions in the
generalized costs of transport will:

 Increase the profitability of local firms which may lead to higher retained profits, encouraging
investment in capacity expansion and increased output – resulting in increased economic
activity in the region;
 Result in local firms having reduced costs and lead to a lowering of prices and an increase in
output;
 Encourage financial institutions to expand lending to firms in the southwest region, as the
costs of doing business for the institutions are lowered from the improved communications
(through reduced time and effort) – the increased working capital will lead to increased
production;
 Induce the establishment of new firms in the region through (a) the improved competitiveness
of the region as a business location, with cheaper transport being substituted for other inputs
such as inventories and warehousing capital; (b) the need to service the increased movement
of passenger buses to/from Dhaka and of trucks carrying goods to/from India; and
 Firms may also relocate to the region to reduce the transport costs, time and to avoid the
negative agglomeration effects (congestion, pollution) of locating in Dhaka.

12. Figure 11-1 shows the flow of indirect economic effects. Firms respond to the costs reduction in
variety of ways, such as increasing production, shifting to higher value added production and

11-3
expanding marketing areas. The lower transport costs and increased accessibility to a wider range of
markets and services also affect household income and expenditure.

Reduction in travel time costs - SW Region

Increased household real Reduced industry costs and

Increased industry profitability
incomes prices

Improved SW Region industry

Increased household Increased investment and
competitiveness and
consumption expenditures capacity expansion
increased production

Net change in investment,

Increased Production in SW
output, employment and real
Region
incomes in SW Region

Secondary increase in final demand and employment in SW Region and Bangladesh

Figure 11-1: Indirect Economic effects

Source: Detailed Economic and Financial Analysis Report, Padma Multipurpose Bridge Project, 11
February 2010

13. Future traffics are estimated based on the above demographic changes and regional
development activities and are presented in the Table 11-3.

Table 11-3: Traffic Forecasts

Traffic (AADT)
Truck Bus Light Total
2014 3,477 5,693 2,886 12,056
2015 4,233 6,091 3,362 13,686
2016 5,154 6,518 3,915 15,587
2017 6,274 6,974 4,560 17,808
2018 7,638 7,463 5,311 20,411
2019 9,299 7,985 6,185 23,469
2020 11,321 8,544 7,203 27,068
2024 14,379 9,462 12,030 35,871
2034 24,052 11,737 33,776 69,565
2044 25,871 12,193 37,572 75,636
Source: Detailed Economic and Financial Analysis Report, Padma Multipurpose Bridge Project, 11
February 2010

11-4
 11.4 Project Benefits

14. The quantified benefits of the bridge investment are measured incremental to the ‘without bridge’
case, i.e., they are measured as the difference between the ‘without project’ and ‘with project’ cases.
The benefits are:

 annual savings in vehicle operating costs and travel time to existing passengers and freight
crossing the Padma River;
 annual value of new trips from the regional economic development induced by the improved
accessibility provided by the bridge – this value can be approximated by the benefits
associated with the new trips provided by the transport model by incorporating this generated
demand;
 savings in economic costs associated with non-operation of the ferry service
 savings generated by provision of utilities through river crossing;
 avoided costs of having to build a separate rail bridge when the Dhaka-Jessore railway line
had to be constructed sometime in the future;
 capitalized value of annual rental returns from land provided in the service areas and
agricultural land to be reclaimed or protected by the river training works; and
 revenue from bridge structure usage fees levied on utilities for provision of bridge area for
installation of their facilities.

15. Table 11-4 sets out the benefits used in the economic evaluation and a description of their
measurement.
Table 11-4: Benefits used in the economic evaluation
Benefit Measure
Savings in vehicle operating (VKTwithout bridge – VKTwith bridge) x Unit VOC
costs (VOC)
Savings in travel time costs (VHTwithout bridge – VHTwith bridge) x Unit TTC
(TTC)
Savings in ferry operating 2009 tariff revenue
costs x annual traffic growth rate without bridge
Capitalised value of service Service area (ha)
area land x 2009 land value
x annual rental return at 18%, capitalised over 30 years at EOCC
less allowance for 3% pa real increase in land values
Capitalised value of Affected land area (ha)
agricultural land to be x 2009 value of land for paddy and high land uses
reclaimed or protected by the x annual rental return at 18%, capitalised over 30 years at EOCC
river training works less allowance for 3% pa real increase in land values
Savings in utilities’ river Power and telecomms cost saving compared to construction of
crossing costs independent crossing; gas based on route distance saving of 30km
Avoided costs of building a Construction cost of rail bridge
separate rail bridge when the
Dhaka-Jessore railway line is
constructed
BBA revenue from bridge Jamuna Bridge tariff (BBA 2009) pro-rated for additional length.
structure usage fee
Note: VKT – vehicle kilometres travel; VHT – vehicle hours travel; EOCC – economic opportunity cost of capital
Source: Detailed Economic and Financial Analysis Report, Padma Multipurpose Bridge Project, 11
February 2010
11.4.1 Revenue Forecasts
16. Revenue from toll collection of the Bridge is estimated based on current tolling scenario at
Jamuna Bridge, being 400 taka (Tk) for cars, Tk795 for buses and Tk935 for trucks. The Table 11-5
summarizes the traffic and revenue forecasts (in million Tk at 2009 price level) for the base tolling
scenarios.

11-5
 Table 11-5: Traffic and Revenue Forecasts

Traffic (AADT) Revenue (million Tk)

Truck Bus Light Total Truck Bus Light Total
2014 3,477 5,693 2,886 12,056 1,187 1,652 391 3,229
2015 4,233 6,091 3,362 13,686 1,445 1,768 455 3,667
2016 5,154 6,518 3,915 15,587 1,759 1,891 530 4,180
2017 6,274 6,974 4,560 17,808 2,141 2,024 617 4,782
2018 7,638 7,463 5,311 20,411 2,607 2,165 719 5,492
2019 9,299 7,985 6,185 23,469 3,173 2,317 838 6,329
2020 11,321 8,544 7,203 27,068 3,863 2,479 976 7,319
2024 14,379 9,462 12,030 35,871 4,907 2,746 1,625 9,278
2034 24,052 11,737 33,776 69,565 8,208 3,406 4,535 16,149
2044 25,871 12,193 35,572 75,636 8,829 3,538 5,044 17,411
Source: Detailed Economic and Financial Analysis Report, Padma Multipurpose Bridge Project, 11
February 2010

11.5 Cost Benefit Analysis

11.5.1 Economic Evaluation Results

17. The cost-benefit analysis was undertaken over a thirty-year period following opening of the bridge
in 2014. A real discount rate of 12% was used, reflecting the economic opportunity cost of capital in
Bangladesh. All costs and benefits were expressed in 2009 prices, and 2009/10 was adopted as the
discount year. Residual value was allowed for in the last year of the evaluation period (2044),
assuming an economic bridge life of 100 years.

18. The results of the cost-benefit analysis are summarized in Table 11-6.
Table 11-6: Economic Evaluation Results
Incremental to ‘without bridge’ case
(US$ million in 2009 prices) a
Capital cost US$ 2,128 million
Present value
Capital cost, net of residual value 1,669
O&M costs 104
Total costs 1,773
Existing Road user benefits
Vehicle operating cost savings 2,610
Travel time cost savings 1,807
Sub-total 4,417
New trip benefits 2,171
Non-road user benefits
Ferry operating cost savings 359
Land rental returns 251
Utility crossing cost savings 172
Separate rail bridge avoided cost 344
Bridge structure usage fee revenue 1
Sub-total 1,127
Total benefits 7,715
Net present value US$5,942 million

11-6
 Incremental to ‘without bridge’ case
(US$ million in 2009 prices) a
Benefit-cost ratio 4.4
Economic internal rate of return 27%
Note that, benefits and costs are discounted to 2009/10 values using a 12% real discount rate and all
values are converted to US dollars at US$1 = 70 taka Source: Detailed Economic and Financial
Analysis Report, Padma Multipurpose Bridge Project, AECOM, 11 February 2010

19. Table 11-6 shows that, based on the quantified benefits, the project is economically viable, with a
net present value of US$ 5,942 million, a benefit-cost ratio (BCR) of 4.4 and an economic internal rate
of return (EIRR) of 27%, in excess of the economic opportunity cost of capital of 12%.

11.5.2 Sensitivity Analysis

20. The following sensitivity tests were undertaken to assess the robustness of the economic results.
• 20% increase in project cost estimate;
• 20% decrease in project benefits; and
• 20% increase in project cost estimate and 20% decrease in project benefits.

21. The results of the analysis are shown in Table 11-7.

Table 11-7: Sensitivity analysis results
S.No. Sensitivity Test Benefit-cost Economical
ratio Internal Rate of
Return (EIRR)
1 Main Evaluation 4.4 27%
2 20% increase in project cost estimate 3.7 24%
3 20% decrease in project benefits 3,5 24%
4 20% increase in project cost 2.9 22%
estimate/20% decrease in project
benefits
5 Reduction to Wait Time multiplier to 1.5 4.2 26%
Source: Detailed Economic and Financial Analysis Report, Padma Multipurpose Bridge Project, 11
February 2010

22. Table 11-7 demonstrates the economic robustness of the project, with the EIRR remaining well
above the threshold economic value in all the sensitivity tests undertaken. For example, the test of a
20% increase in project cost and a 20% decrease in project benefits only reduces the EIRR to 22%.

11-7
CHAPTER 12:

CONCLUSIONS
Table of Contents
12 Conclusions 12-1

12-i
12 Conclusions

1. Based on the harmonized environmental safeguard requirements of the co-financiers and the
Government of Bangladesh adopted for the Padma Multipurpose Bridge Design Project, all
environmental assessment documentations have been prepared. The EIA reveals that there will be
both negative and positive impacts due to the construction of the 6.15 km long bridge over the Padma
River and other associated components such as transition structures, RTWs, approach road, and
BEFs (service areas, construction yards and toll plazas) and 4 RS.

2. The significant negative environmental impacts of the Project are land acquisition of about 1,144
ha and resettlement of about 4,975 households (this includes residential, business and other structure
households); cutting of about 201,273 trees; loss of 1267ha of aquatc habitats (permanent wetlands
and seasonal flood plains), annual loss of 21,972 tons of crops; generation of about 44 million cubic
meters of dredge spoils from RTW; changes in land use; and health, hygiene and sanitation of
construction workers and public. The medium impacts of the Project are generation of excess
materials; blocking of flood water flows and natural drainage; noise and air pollution due to
construction activities and operation of the Project; traffic havoc and road safety; and soil erosion.

3. The significant positive environmental impacts of the Project in terms of environmental

enhancements and compensation measures are the development of new plantations in about 100
hectares of land or 405,461 plants; establishment of a protected sanctuary with the concept of eco-
tourism, visitor center, regional development through connection of the southwest with the rest of the
country, which is now connected only through ferry; development of resettlement sites with all
necessary infrastructure facilities; and huge potential for employment during construction and O/M
stages as well as from induced economic growth and activities.

4. A climate change study was conducted to see the impacts of climate change in the design of the
Project and the impacts the Project to climate change. It was found that the combined impacts of sea
level rise and increase basin rainfall contributes to 0.63m rise in water level in the bridge site or
maximum water level of 7.44m PWD (for the maximum sea level rise of 1.00 m in Bay of Bengal).
0 0
Maximum temperatures of 43.9 C and 46.6 C for years 2050 and 2100 and minimum temperatures of
0 0
9.3 C and 9.9 C for the same periods are recommended in the design. 1-day or 2-day consecutive
maximum rainfall of 372 mm and 514 mm for a 1 in 100 yr return period event are recommended.
Predicted peak discharge of 151,100 cumec and lowest flow as 7,345 cumec are recommended.
Maximum wind speed is predicted as 126 km/hr and is recommended to include in the design. The
risk of salinity intrusion in the Padma Bridge is considered insignificant.

5. An EMMP has been formulated to mitigate the negative impacts during various phases (pre-
construction, construction and O&M) of the Project to acceptable levels. Detailed plans such as
dredged material management plan, and emergency preparedness and response plan are prepared to
address key impacts/risks of the Project, ECPs are prepared to address all general construction
related and common environmental impacts and will be included in all construction contracts of the
Projects. Environmental enhancement plans and compensation measures such as tree
plantation/green area development plan; agricultural development plan; conservation plans for the
development of protected sanctuary, and visitor center are recommended to improve the
environmental conditions in the Project area. To ensure that these enhancement and compensation
measures are implemented correctly and negative impacts avoided, the EMMP along with adequate
budget is included in the contract documents of the Project with a separate line item on environmental
management in the BOQ. The EMMP prepared under this project also recommended pre-qualifying
ISO14000 compliant contractors. A successful tool for the EMMP is the environmental monitoring
during various stages of the Project, which has been provided as a part of the EMMP. The main
monitoring parameters include ecological monitoring, environmental quality monitoring (air, noise,
surface water, ground water, river bed materials), hydro-meteorological monitoring, wastes, drainage
congestion, river erosion, agriculture, wildlife, tree plantation, road and water transport accident, health
and safety etc.

12-1
6. An environmental enhancement fund is proposed to be established with 1% of toll collection from
PMBP. This fund will be utilized for O/M of all environmental enhancement facilities proposed in the
Project and to fund any additional environmental enhancement project proposals.

7. The key Institutions responsible for the successful implementation of the EMMP of the project are
contractor, CSC, PIU and EU of BBA. Institutional strengthening and capacity building of PIU/BBA
have been proposed for strengthening their capacity in the implementation of EMMP. The proposed
programs are (a) creation of Safeguard (Environment and Resettlement Unit) Department in BBA, (b)
association with twining institutions; (c) capacity building initiatives involving oriented trainings for the
BBA staff and on the job training for the contractors; (d) third party engagements for independent
reviews; (e) establishment of an Environmental Management System in BBA, and (f) establishment of
GIS and MIS.

8. The total environmental management and monitoring budget proposed for the Project is US$
18.58 million (excluding costs included in the contractors civil works), which includes (i) contractors
budget for environmental monitoring and mitigation measures, (ii) PIU budget for implementation of
environmental enhancement plans and compensation measures, (iii) environmental consultants for
CSC, (iv) institutional strenghthening and capacity building, (v) environmental monitoring during O/M,
(vi) O/M of environmental enhancement plans and compensation measures including community
environmental management plan, and (vii) emergency response plan.

9. The Project will have overall positive impacts and some negative impacts. Most of these negative
impacts are mainly construction related and can be mitigated by the successful implementation of the
EMMP. There will be some residual impact for significant negative impacts, which will be compensated
by environmental enhancement measures recommended in the EMMP. Therefore, the completion of
this environmental assessment fully meets the harmonized environmental safeguard requirement of
the co-financiers and the Government of Bangladesh.

12-2
ANNEXURES
Annex 1-1: Harmonized Safeguard Policies

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 Annex 1-1
Harmonization between Environment Safeguard of GOB and that of Multilateral Financial Institutions
Harmonization of Co-financiers’ Environmental Safeguard Policies
to draft Operational Framework for Padma Multi-Purpose Bridge Project

Aspect of World Bank ADB JICA GOB Harmonized Operational

Operational Framework
Framework
Environmental  Policy on Disclosure of ADB’s Safeguard Policy  JICA Guidelines for  Environment
Policy and Information, May 2002 Statement (2009) sets out Environmental and Conservation Act
Regulations  Operational Policy 4.01 the policy objectives, Social consideration, (1995)
Environmental scope and triggers, and April 2004  Environment
Assessment and principles for three key Conservation Rules
associated BP 4.01 safeguard areas: (1977)
(i) environmental  EIA guidelines on
safeguards Industrial projects
(ii) involuntary
resettlement
safeguards, and
(iii) indigenous peoples
safeguards
requirements:

Screening and  The Bank undertakes  ADB carry out project  JICA requires  The Department of  Screen each proposed
Categorisation environmental screening and proponents to fill Environment (DOE) project as early as
screening of each categorization at the Screening form and ECA (1995) and ECR possible to define the
proposed project to earliest stage of project then categorizes the (1977) has set out scope of Environmental
determine the preparation when proposed project, screening criteria to Assessment (EA) covering
appropriate extent and sufficient information is  Categorization into A, B categorize the projects all project components.
type of EA available for this & C Categories based into Green, Orange A,  Categorization should take
 Categorization into purpose. on likely significant Orange B and Red. into account the type,
Category A, B, C, FI  It is undertaken to (i) impacts.  These screening criteria location, sensitivity, and
 Categorization takes reflect the significance  In addition, JICA are generally based on scale of the project and
into account the type, of potential impacts or conducts information project type only the nature and magnitude
location, sensitivity, and risks that a project gathering, field surveys irrespective of its scale of its potential
scale of the project and might present; (ii) and consultations with and location. In some environmental impact. For
the nature and identify the level of the recipient cases, order of the Padma Project, the

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Aspect of World Bank ADB JICA GOB Harmonized Operational
Operational Framework
Framework
magnitude of its assessment and governments. On the investment is indicated category will be A
potential environmental institutional resources basis of collected to reflect on the  Categorize the project
impact required for the information and magnitude of the according to GOB
 The categorization safeguard measures; consultations, JICA impact. categorization (to get the
defines the level of EIA and (iii) determine categorizes projects  Categorization decides ECC accordingly). For
that has to be disclosure through a second the level of EIA or Padma Project, the
conducted requirements. screening and reviews environmental category will be Red
 The environmental the categorization when examination.
impacts and risks are necessary  GOB has prescribed 8
categorized for each locations as
proposed Project as Environmentally Critical
early as possible to Areas but these have
determine appropriate not been factored in
extent and type of screening.
Environmental
Assessment
 Categorization into
Category A, B, C, FI
 A project’s category is
determined by the
category of its most
environmentally
sensitive component,
including direct, indirect,
cumulative, and
induced impacts in the
project’s area of
influence.
 Each proposed project
is scrutinized as to its
type, location, scale,
and sensitivity and the
magnitude of its
potential environmental
impacts.

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Aspect of World Bank ADB JICA GOB Harmonized Operational
Operational Framework
Framework
Scoping  EA evaluates  Avoid, minimize,  The impacts to be  Conduct a process of
 The impacts assessed
‐ project's potential mitigate and/or offset assessed include Environmental
in the GOB’s EIA
environmental risks for adverse impacts and impacts on human Assessment that will
system include
and impacts in its enhancement of consider in an integrated
health and safety as components such as
area of influence; positive impacts manner the potential
well as the natural Air, Noise, Land, Water,
‐ examines project through environmental environmental (including
environment which Biological and Socio-
alternatives; planning and labor, health, and safety)
includes trans-boundary Economic aspects.
‐ identifies ways of management risks and impacts of the
improving project  EA takes into account or global-scale impacts  Scoping is however not project.
selection, siting, potential impacts and through air, water, soil, a requirement under the  EA must take into account
planning, design, and risks on physical, waste, accidents, water law and is not an natural environment (air,
implementation by biological, socio- identified milestone in water, and land); human
usage, climate change,
preventing, economic (including the EC process. health and safety; social
minimizing, health and safety), and ecosystems and aspects (involuntary
mitigating, or physical cultural biodiversity. The  EIA Guidelines consider resettlement, indigenous
compensating for resources in the context impacts to be assessed IEE as the milestone peoples, physical cultural
adverse of the project’s area of also include social where scoping is to be resources; trans-boundary
environmental influence carried out. and global environmental
impacts
impacts and  Assessment of potential aspects
enhancing positive trans-boundary and  In addition to the direct  Under global aspects,
impacts; global impacts, EA should address
impacts, derivative,
‐ includes the process including climate impact of climate
of mitigating and secondary and
change change on the project
managing adverse  Use strategic cumulative impacts are design, alternatives and
environmental environmental also to be assessed. operations.
impacts throughout assessment where The life cycle impact  Given the scale and
project appropriate during a project period complexity of the
implementation  Consideration of no is considered also project, especially
 EA takes into account project alternative regarding the associated
natural environment (air,  It collects relevant components (e.g.
water, and land); human widening of national
information and
health and safety; social highway, rail
aspects (involuntary conducts field surveys, connectivity etc), EA
resettlement, holds consultations with should be applied at
indigenous peoples, the recipient regional and strategic

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Aspect of World Bank ADB JICA GOB Harmonized Operational
Operational Framework
Framework
physical cultural governments, and levels
resources; prepares drafts of  Ensure that the project is
transboundary and scoping; designed and carried out
global environmental in compliance with
aspects  It consults with local environmental laws and
 It also takes into regulations of the country
stakeholders in
account variations in where the operation is
project and country collaboration with the being implemented,
conditions; findings of recipient governments including national
country environmental after disclosure of drafts obligations established
studies; national of scoping, and under ratified Multilateral
environmental action incorporates results of Environmental
plans; the country's consultation into TOR. Agreements (MEAs).
overall policy
The consultation widely
framework, national
legislation, and covers the needs of
institutional capabilities projects and the
related to the analysis of alternatives
environment and social
aspects  The TOR includes an
 obligations of the understanding of
country, pertaining to needs, the impacts to
project activities, under be assessed, study
relevant international
environmental treaties methods, an analysis of
and agreements alternatives, a schedule
and other matters. JICA
endeavors to
incorporate the concept
of Strategic
Environmental
Assessment into such
studies. JICA then
obtains an agreement

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Aspect of World Bank ADB JICA GOB Harmonized Operational
Operational Framework
Framework
on the TOR with the
recipient governments
through consultations

Exclusions and  Avoid or mitigate  Do not implement  The projects that are in  Do not implement project
Sensitivities 
adverse impacts on project activities that sensitive sectors, have activities that involve or
physical cultural involve or are likely to sensitive are likely to result directly
result directly or or indirectly in the
resources from characteristics, and/or
indirectly in the significant conversion or
development projects significant conversion or are in sensitive areas degradation of critical
that it finances (OP degradation of critical are categorized as habitats
4.11). habitats Category A.  If a project is located
 If a project is located within a legally protected
 The impacts on physical within a legally area, implement additional
cultural resources protected area, programs to promote and
resulting from project implement additional enhance the conservation
activities, including programs to promote aims of the protected area
and enhance the  Proceed only if there are
mitigating measures,
conservation aims of no technically and
should not contravene the protected area financially feasible
either the borrower’s  In an area of natural alternatives, overall
national legislation, or habitats, there must be benefits from the project
its obligations under no significant substantially outweigh the
relevant international conversion or environmental costs, and
environmental treaties degradation, unless it is any conversion or
appropriately mitigated degradation is
and agreements.
and the overall benefits appropriately mitigated
from the project  Use a precautionary
substantially outweigh approach to the use,
the environmental development and
costs. management of renewable
 .Use a precautionary natural resources
approach to the use,  Conserve physical cultural
development and resources (PCR) and
management of avoid their destruction or

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Aspect of World Bank ADB JICA GOB Harmonized Operational
Operational Framework
Framework
renewable natural damage by using field
resources based surveys with
 Conserve physical qualified and experienced
cultural resources expert(s) during
(PCR) and avoid their environmental assessment
destruction or damage  For Padma Project,
by using field based conduct impact on both
surveys with qualified terrestrial and aquatic
and experienced habitats, through
expert(s) during detailed scientific
environmental studies. Focus on tree
assessment felling and species like
Hilsa, dolphins and
gharial and migratory
birds if any on the char
land.
Alternatives  EA is initiated as early  EA is initiated as early  Environmental impact  Examination of financially
ECA (1995) and ECR
as possible in project as possible in project must be assessed and and technically feasible
(1977) do not explicitly
processing and is  Examination of examined from the alternatives to the project
integrated closely with ask for identification and location, design,
financially and earliest possible
the economic, financial, technically feasible assessment of technology and
institutional, social, and planning stage. alternatives. components, their
alternatives to the
technical analyses of a project location, design, Alternatives or potential environmental
EIA Guidelines however
proposed project technology and mitigation measures to include identification and and social impacts
 The EA may components, their avoid or minimize assessment of  Documentation of the
recommend alternative potential environmental adverse impact must be alternatives under IEE rationale for selecting a
emission levels and and social impacts examined and (page 12 of EIA particular alternative(s)
approaches to pollution  Documentation of the incorporated into the Guidelines for Industrial proposed, where relevant
prevention and rationale for selecting a Projects).  For Padma project,
abatement for the project plan.
particular alternative(s) alternatives should be
project taking into proposed, where In the preparation of EIA, examined for alignment,
account borrower relevant  It conducts IEE-level alternatives bridge design,
country legislation and  Consider no project E&S considerations (site/routes/process/raw construction methods,
local conditions alternative. studies, and analyzes materials) are looked at River training works etc
 The EA report must alternatives including a as part of the mitigation in addition to no-project

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Aspect of World Bank ADB JICA GOB Harmonized Operational
Operational Framework
Framework
provide full and detailed “without project” measures (page 28 of EIA alternative
justification for the situation. Guidelines for Industrial
levels and approaches Projects)
chosen for the particular
project or site
Standards  The Pollution  Apply pollution  Projects must comply
GOB has issued emission Achieve environmental
Prevention and prevention and control with laws, ordinances as well as ambient standards that are stricter
Abatement Handbook technologies and and standards relating
describes pollution practices consistent standards under ECA and (either GOB’s or
to E&S considerations ECR. These standards international), and justify
prevention and with international good
abatement measures practice, as reflected in established by the are in general at par with deviations in the EA report
and emission levels internationally governments that have the international when alternatives to the
recognized standards jurisdiction over the standards and in some standards for the project or
such as the World Bank project site (including cases even stricter. The site are selected.
Group’s Environmental, both national and local workspace or
For Padma Project,
Health and Safety occupational standards
governments). agreeing on standards for
(EHS) Guidelines. are directed under the
the disposal of dredged
 Adopt cleaner  It also refers to
Factories Act.
sand will be important.
production processes,
international standards, DOE has updated their air
and good practices of
treaties and quality (only ambient air
energy efficiency.
quality) standards and set
 Avoid or, when declarations and good
avoidance is not practices. some new standards for
feasible, minimize or motor vehicles emission
control the intensity or  When it recognizes that on July 2005 by a GOB
load of pollutants Gazette notification.
laws and regulations
emissions and regarding E&S of host
discharges, including
countries are
direct and indirect
greenhouse gases substantially inferior to
emissions, waste these standards and
generation, and release good practices, it
of hazardous material encourages the
from their production, recipient governments
transportation, handling to take more

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Aspect of World Bank ADB JICA GOB Harmonized Operational
Operational Framework
Framework
and storage. appropriate
 Avoid the use of considerations through
hazardous materials a series of dialogues,
subject to international and confirms
bans or phase-outs.
background and
 Use, purchase and
manage pesticides justification for that.
based on integrated
pest management
approaches and reduce
reliance on synthetic
chemical pesticides

EMP  EMP consists of the set  Preparation of an  Impact examination  EMP consists of the set of
DOE requires
of mitigation, environmental must include analysis of mitigation, monitoring, and
Environmental
monitoring, and management plan E&S costs and benefits institutional measures to
institutional measures to (EMP) or equivalent Management Plan (EMP) be taken during
in the most quantitative as an outcome of EIA.
be taken during planning document(s) implementation and
implementation and that includes the terms possible as well Under the guidelines, operation to eliminate
operation to eliminate proposed mitigation as qualitative analysis, DOE prescribes conduct adverse environmental
adverse environmental measures, and they must be of special studies as and social impacts, offset
and social impacts, environmental conducted in close relevant. These studies them, or reduce them to
offset them, or reduce monitoring and harmony with include aspects such as acceptable levels
them to acceptable reporting requirements, Risk analyses (when  Preparation of
economic, financial,
levels related institutional or there is storage and Management Plan
institutional, social and
 Preparation of organizational handling of hazardous includes
Management Plan arrangements, capacity technical analysis of and toxic substances), ‐ identification of
includes development and projects. Resettlement and responses to potentially
‐ identification of training measures,  The findings of the Rehabilitation (when more adverse impacts;
responses to implementation examination must than 1000 people are ‐ determining
potentially adverse schedule, cost include alternatives and displaced), Compensatory requirements for
impacts; estimates and Afforestation (when ensuring that those
mitigation measures,
‐ determining performance indicators. deforestation involves responses are made
and be recorded as
requirements for  Key considerations for more than 5 ha area), effectively and in a
ensuring that those EMP preparation separate documents or timely manner;
Severance etc.

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Aspect of World Bank ADB JICA GOB Harmonized Operational
Operational Framework
Framework
responses are made include mitigation of as a part of other Prevention and recycling ‐ describing the means
effectively and in a potential adverse documents. are to be followed as the for meeting those
timely manner; impacts to the level of Environmental Impact first options. (Pages 29 requirements
‐ describing the means no significant harm to
Assessment (EIA) and 30 of EIA Guidelines  EMP includes the
for meeting those third parties, and the for Industrial Projects) following components
requirements polluter pays principle. reports must be
‐ Mitigation
 EMP includes the  EMP also provide for produced for projects in In addition to this EMP ‐ Monitoring
following components workers - safe and which there is a must be supplied with the ‐ Capacity Development
‐ Mitigation healthy working reasonable expectation work plan, implementation and Training
‐ Monitoring conditions, and prevent of a particularly large schedule and monitoring  implementation Schedule
‐ Capacity accidents, injury, and adverse environmental requirements (Page 31 of and Cost Estimates
Development and disease EIA Guidelines for  EMP also provide for
impact.
Training  Establish preventive Industries) monitoring workers - safe and healthy
 Multiple alternatives are
 implementation and emergency plan and project working conditions, and
Schedule and Cost preparedness and examined to avoid or scheduling. prevent accidents, injury,
Estimates response measures to minimize adverse and disease
avoid, minimize the impacts. Compensation  Establish preventive and
adverse impacts and measures must be emergency preparedness
risks to the health and examined only when and response measures to
safety of the local avoid, minimize the
impact cannot be
communities adverse impacts and risks
avoided.
to the health and safety of
 Appropriate follow-up the local communities
plans and systems,  For Padma Project, EMP
such as monitoring should be presented for
plans and pre-construction,
environmental construction and
management plans, are operational phases. It
should include
prepared; and the costs
construction safety and
of implementing such emergency
plans and systems, and preparedness plan to
financial methods to address gas
fund such costs, are leaks/explosion as well
determined. Plans for as spills due to

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Aspect of World Bank ADB JICA GOB Harmonized Operational
Operational Framework
Framework
projects with particularly accidents on the bridge.
large potential adverse  EMP should not just
impact are address mitigative
accompanied by measures but
enhancement measures
detailed environmental
well e.g. green belt
management plans. development plan,
setting of a museum etc.
 EMP should also
address regional level
planning and policy
issues considering
cumulative impacts of
the associated
components (especially
widening of national
highway and rail
connectivity) that are not
in the scope of the
present project.
 EMP should interface
with management of
social and economic
issues e.g. development
of Community
Environmental
Management Plan
(CEMP) for the
resettlement sites and
addressing loss of
livelihood of fishermen
and ferry boat owners.

Consultation  For all Category A and  Carry out meaningful  In the case of Category  Free, prior and informed
The EIA Guidelines of

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Aspect of World Bank ADB JICA GOB Harmonized Operational
Operational Framework
Framework
B projects proposed for consultation with A projects, it consults DOE states that a Not consultation with affected
IBRD or IDA financing, affected people and with local stakeholders technical Summary people and informed
during the EA process, facilitate their informed in collaboration with the should be prepared for participation as early as
the borrower consults participation the purpose of possible and throughout
recipient governments
project-affected groups  Ensuring women’s communication to public the project
and local about the implementation.
participation in (Page 32 of EIA
understanding of
nongovernmental consultation Guidelines for Industries).  Disclosure in local
organizations (NGOs)  Involving stakeholders, development needs, the language with
about the project's project-affected people likely adverse impacts Section 4.11 of the understandable content
environmental aspects and concerned NGOs on the environment and Guidelines encourages during public consultation.
and takes their views early in the project society of such needs, Public Participation in  Ensure community
into account preparation and ensure EIA. engagement free of
and an analysis of
 The borrower initiates that their views and external manipulation,
alternatives at an early However as per ECA
such consultations as concerns are made interference, or coercion,
stage. (1995) or ECR (1997),
early as possible known and understood and intimidation, and
public consultation and
 For Category A projects, by decision makers and conducted on the basis of
the borrower consults taken into account  It holds at least a series participation is not timely, relevant,
these groups at least  For category-A projects, of discussions at each mandatory. No records understandable and
twice: ADB ensures that the stage of scoping, are asked. accessible information.
(a) shortly after borrower or private preparing an outline of No time-frames are  Establish a grievance
environmental sector sponsor carries measures for however fixed for prior mechanism to receive and
screening and before out public consultation disclosure of EIA to the facilitate resolution of the
environmental and
the terms of reference at least twice: (a) once public. affected communities’
for the EA are finalized during the early stages social considerations, concerns and grievances
(b) once a draft EA of EIA field work; and and the completion of a No Grievance mechanism about the borrower’s
report is prepared (b) once when the draft draft of the final report. facility is mentioned in the environmental
 In addition, the borrower EIA report is available, regulations performance.
consults with such and before loan  In the case of Category  For Padma Project,
The DOE makes the
groups throughout appraisal by ADB. B projects as well, it stakeholder (expert)
minutes of the meetings
project implementation  Continue consultations consults with local consultation, focus
as necessary to address on Environmental
with stakeholders stakeholders in group discussion and
EA-related issues that throughout project Clearance available at its two stage formal public
affect them collaboration with the website (http://www.doe-
implementation as consultations have
 The borrower provides necessary to address recipient governments bd.org/minutes.php) adopted.
relevant material in a environmental when necessary.

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Aspect of World Bank ADB JICA GOB Harmonized Operational
Operational Framework
Framework
timely manner prior to assessment-related
consultation and in a issues.
form and language that  Establishment of a
are understandable and grievance mechanism
accessible to the groups to receive and facilitate
being consulted resolution of the
 For the initial affected people’s
consultation a summary concerns and
of the proposed grievances regarding
project's objectives, the project’s
description, and environmental
potential impacts is performance
provided by the  Disclosure of draft
borrower environmental
 For consultation after assessments (including
the draft EA report is EMP) before project
prepared, the borrower appraisal, in a form,
provides a summary of manner and
the EA's conclusions language(s) accessible
 In addition, the to affected people and
borrower makes the other stakeholders
draft EA report available
at a public place
accessible to project-
affected groups and
local NGOs
Independent  The borrower is  The borrower use  In order to seek advice  For Padma Project, BBA
Review responsible for carrying qualified and regarding support for should use inputs from
out the EA experienced expert(s) in and examination of Independent Panel of
 For Category A the preparation of EA
environmental and
Experts (IPOE) and
projects, the borrower and management plan. Environment and Social
social considerations
retains independent EA  For highly complex and Safeguard Advisors for
experts not affiliated sensitive projects, about projects, JICA independent review.
with the project to carry independent advisory establishes a standing
out the EA. panels during advisory council as a

A1-13
Aspect of World Bank ADB JICA GOB Harmonized Operational
Operational Framework
Framework
 For Category A projects preparation and third party, composed
that are highly risky or implementation of of external experts with
contentious or that projects are used. the necessary
involve serious and knowledge
multidimensional
environmental
 Discussions by the
concerns, the borrower
should normally also advisory council are
engage an advisory open to the public
panel of independent,
internationally
recognized
environmental
specialists to advise on
all aspects of the project
relevant to the EA
Monitoring and  The borrower reports on  Monitoring the  Project plans includes  Compliance with
Disclosure EIA Guidelines for
‐ compliance with effectiveness of EMP feasible monitoring measures agreed with the
Industrial Projects
measures agreed implementation plans that includes Bank on the basis of the
recommend preparation
with the Bank on the  Documentation of monitoring of -
findings and results of the
basis of the findings monitoring results, of a Post-Project EA, including
and results of the unforeseeable Monitoring Programme. implementation of any
including development
EA, including and implementation of situations, performance This programme is to be EMP, as set out in the
implementation of corrective actions and the effectiveness of included in the EIA report project documents;
any EMP, as set out  Disclosure of periodic mitigation measures. and on review gets  Status of mitigatory
in the project progress reports reflected as a condition in measures; and findings of
documents;  It is desirable that granting ECC. monitoring programs
‐ status of mitigatory project proponents There is a process of  Monitoring the
measures; and make the results of the effectiveness of EMP
renewable of ECC that
findings of monitoring implementation
monitoring process requires monitoring and
programs
assessment.  Documentation of
available to project local
monitoring results,
stakeholders. DOE has the including development and
responsibility of follow up implementation of
and monitoring of ECC corrective actions

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Aspect of World Bank ADB JICA GOB Harmonized Operational
Operational Framework
Framework
conditions. DOE makes  Disclosure of periodic
the proponent compliance progress reports
reports available on its
website to the public
There are no formal
provisions to obtain
independent assessment
of EIA report if found
necessary. There is also
no formal mechanism or a
programme at DOE that
conducts independent
audit of approved
projects.
Third party monitoring is
recommended through
approved laboratories.
GOB passed The
Environment Court Act,
2000 (Act No. 11 of 2000)
to allow making of
appeals from public on
non-compliance with the
ECA (1995) and ECR
(1977).

Climate  Compliance with Canadian

Change Environmental
Assessment Agency’s
General Guidance for
Practitioners,
Incorporating Climate

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Aspect of World Bank ADB JICA GOB Harmonized Operational
Operational Framework
Framework
Change Considerations in
Environmental
Assessment:

A1-16
Annex 1-2: Terms of Reference for the EIA Study

A1-17
 DRAFT
Annex 1-2
TERMS OF REFERENCE
FOR
ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT
OF
PADMA MULTIPURPOSE BRIDGE DESIGN PROJECT

1.0 Background

1. In order to provide a fixed road and railway link between the south-west region and
the rest of the country, the Government of Bangladesh (GOB) is keen to construct a bridge
over the Padma River. Government has undertaken a prefeasibility study in February
2000, which concluded a number of possible alignments for the proposed Padma
Multipurpose Bridge Project (PMBP). Based on a request from the GOB, the Japan
International Cooperation Agency (JICA) conducted a Feasibility Study (FS) of the PMBP
during 2002-2004. This study concluded that the most feasible bridge site is at Mawa-
Janjira point, and this selection has approved by the GOB. The FS includes, among
others, preliminary technical design, economic and financial evaluation, Framework for
land acquisition and Resettlement Action Plan (RAP), Initial Environmental Examination
(IEE), and Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA). As the FS found that the Padma
Bridge is economically viable, the GOB intends to move ahead for implementation and
accordingly the GOB conducted to update EIA and prepared EMP, LAP and RAP for the
project during 2006. The Asian Development Bank (ADB) also conducted FS and
preliminary engineering design including Environmental Assessment (EA) and
resettlement plan in 2006-2007. The above mentioned studies formed the basis for the
GOB to proceed with the detailed engineering design and implementation of the Padma
Bridge (Phase 2).
2. The GOB retained a consulting firm to undertake detailed design of Padma
Multipurpose Bridge Design Project, which is ongoing. The Project involves the detailed
engineering design of the Bridge itself and that of Approach Roads with small bridges and
culverts, River Training Works and provision of service areas and associated structures
and resettlement sites development. This TOR is prepared to carryout detailed
environmental impact assessment (EIA) study for the ‘Padma Multipurpose Bridge Design
Project’ in accordance with the relevant laws and regulations in Bangladesh and EIA
guidelines of the co-financiers (Asian Development Bank, the World Bank, Japan
International Cooperation Association, and Islamic Development Bank, and others). The
study will identify potential environmental impacts on physical, ecological, social, cultural,
and economic resources of the project areas during design, construction and operation
stages. An EIA report will be prepared along with environmental management plan,
summarizing mitigation and monitoring plan to address all the identified environmental
impacts. The study will be carried out by the design consultant during 2009-2010 and the
EIA report will be submitted along with the EMP to DOE and other co-financiers for
approval.

2.0 Project Location

3. The Project area is located in the south-central part (Munshiganj, Shariatpur, and
Madaripur Districts) of Bangladesh. The project area at Mawa site (north side of the
Padma Bridge) comprises Lauhajang and Srinagar Upazila in Munshiganj District whereas
at Janjira Site (south side of the bridge) comprises Janjira Upazila under Shariatpur District
and Shibchar Upazila Under Madaripur District.

3.0 Project Components

4. The PMBP consists of the following components:

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 - Main bridge (about 5.6km long) and 2 Bridge End Viaducts (60m at Mawa and
120m at Janjira);
- River Training Works (about 6km long at Mawa and 10.5km long at Janjira);
- Bridge Connecting Approach Roads (about 1km at Mawa and 12 km at Janjira);
- 2 Toll Plazas ( 1 at Mawa and other at Janjira);
- 2 Construction Yards (area at Mawa= 26.3ha and at Janjira=136.7ha);
- 2 Service Areas (area at Mawa=27ha and at Janjira=85.3ha); and
- 5 Resettlement Sites (3 at Mawa with area of 15.46ha,13.96ha and 0.84ha; and 2
at Janjira with area of 19.95ha and 18.45ha, respectively) .

4.0 Objective

5. The main objective of the EIA study is to assess both positive and negative
environmental impacts due to each project activities. Assess the impacts and recommend
appropriate mitigation measures during construction, and operation phases to minimize
negative impacts of the Project to acceptable levels. Prepare EIA and EMP in compliance
with the Government and other co-financiers’ requirements and obtain Environmental
Clearance Certificate (ECC) from the Department of Environment, Bangladesh.

5.0 Scope of Work

5.1 Baseline Studies
5.1.1 Memo on Legal and Administrative Procedures
 Collection and review of relevant information regarding environmental legislation,
statutory orders, by-laws, etc. connected to preparation and approval of the EIA
report by the Department of Environment, and draft the memo. The memo will also
consider the requirements of co-financiers’ Guidelines.
 Conduction of a series of meetings with the Ministry of Environment and Forest, the
Department of Environment, and the Bangladesh Bridge Authority. During these
meetings appropriate legal and administrative procedures has been discussed.
Discussions also include issues such as basis for further approval/disapproval of
EIA by the Department of Environment. Review of other relevant environmental
laws, regulations, Norms, and Standards on Air, Noise, Vibration, Water, Waste,
and Wildlife.
 Conduction of discussion meeting with the Department of Environment particularly
for “Environmental Clearance Certificate” in accordance with the Environment
Conservation Act, 1995 and Bangladesh Environment Conservation Rules, 1997.

5.1.2 Stakeholder Consultation

6. Conduction of Stakeholder Group meetings to ensure relevance of the project to
the interests of the people of the project area and hence sustainability of the project; and
to seek views and suggestions toward identifying IECs for environmental assessment and
ascertain their degree and ranking. The proposed Stakeholder Group meeting will also
help determine potential social, economic and cultural impacts due to the project.
Targeted Stakeholder Group is to comprise members of the civil society, professional
groups, the media, etc. To provide local communities and socio-economic interest groups
with the foundation for their role in post-feasibility project interventions and, hence,
participation in project planning, implementation, operation and maintenance.

5.1.3 Preparation of Baseline Assessment

7. Review of reports and secondary data collected from the Project’s Pre-feasibility
Study; Feasibility Study and the study conducted by the Bangladesh Bridge Authority as
well as the studies on similar projects carried out under co-financiers’ funding.
8. Collection of general baseline information on existing environmental condition in
the project influence area and environmental quality baseline monitoring along the project
corridor and identification of the environmental components that need detailed further
study. Baseline assessment will be done based on the available secondary information,

A1-19
field visits, sampling and environmental monitoring including but not limited to the
following:
i. Physical Resources:
o Topography, climate, soils, geology, landuse, aquatic resources, and
surface and groundwater resources.
ii. Environmental Risks:
o Cyclones, tornadoes, draughts, floods, earthquakes, road accidents, etc.
iii. Ecological Resources:
o Landscape and natural ecosystem, flora and fauna, wildlife and wetland
habitats, and Protected areas
iv. Environmental Quality:
o Air (SPM, CO, NOx, SOx, Pb, etc.): Air samples should be collected from
RTW and approaches at Mawa and Janjira to identify the baseline and air
quality in the project area.
o Noise quality: Noise level should be measured along the approach roads,
Ferry Ghats, resettlement sites, Service Areas and Construction Yards
during day and night times to identify the baseline and present noise level in
the project area.
o Groundwater quality (pH, Mn, Fe, As, EC, NH3-N2, Total hardness as
CaCO3, Coliforms, Chlorine as Cl-): Samples should be collected twice
during dry and wet seasons (to see seasonal variations) from resettlement
sites, Service Areas, Construction Yards and Approach at Janjira Site.
Samples should be tested for baseline setup and identifying the present
status of groundwater for drinking purpose.
o Surface Water Quality (pH, BOD, Chlorine as Cl-, COD, TDS, TSS, DO,
EC, Fe, As, Coliforms, NH3-N2, and oil and grease): Samples should be
collected twice during dry and wet seasons (to see seasonal variations)
from Padma River, Naodoba Channel at Janjira, Resettlement Sites,
Service Areas and Construction Yards. Samples should be tested for
baseline setup and identifying the quality of the surface water.
o River-bed Dredged materials: (Zn, Cu, Hg, Mn, Pb, Cd, Cr, As, and Se)
Samples should be collected from the dredged sites at a reasonable depth.
Samples should be tested for identifying the baseline chemical properties of
the dredged materials and the suitability of the material to be used for road
embankment, bridge-end-facilities, service area, resettlement sites etc.
v. Cultural Resources sites:
o Structures or sites those are of historical, religious, or architectural
significance
vi. Charland in Upstream and Downstream
o Detailed investigation on Charland in upstream and downstream in terms of
flooding, fisheries, agriculture production, etc.

5.2 Detailed Field Investigation to Screen Environmental Impacts

5.2.1 Field Investigation and Analysis of Results
9. Preparation of layout plan of environmental parameters and components of PMB
consisting of, but not limited to, the following information:
o Bridge and approach road alignments
o River training works
o Sampling location for environmental parameters (air, noise, water, and
dredged materials)
o Construction camp including storage of petroleum products and explosives
o Concrete, asphalt and batch mixing plants
o Construction sites and camps
o Sand mining, quarry sites, and borrow pits
o Water sources
o Waste disposal sites
o Environmentally sensitive areas

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 o Resettlement sites
o Dredged material quantity and disposal sites
10. Collection of cadastral maps showing the project locations and descriptions of the
surrounding activities. This is to ensure that the project is compatible with the national
regulation specified for construction sites.
11. Initiation of necessary investigations and fieldwork for gathering of additional
information on ecological and environmental baseline parameters of the Important
Environmental Components (IECs) selected during the previous studies in the project
area.
I. Physical Environment
o Regional Hydrology and Flood Pattern,
o Drainage Congestion,
o River Erosion and Siltation, and
o Landuse
II. Ecological Environment
o Agriculture,
o Tree Plantation/Felling,
o Water bodies and Fisheries, and
o Wildlife
III. Environmental Pollution
o Surface and Ground Water Quality,
o Air Pollution,
o Noise and Vibration,
o Soil Contamination including dredged spoil, and
o Pollution due to Waste
IV. Social Environment
o Land Acquisition,
o Homestead,
o Irrigation and Agricultural Production,
o Cultural Resources Loss,
o Navigation/Water Transport,
o Health and Safety,
o Employment Opportunities,
o Women Empowerment,
o Infrastructure and Industry,
o Split of Communities,
o Road Transport,
o Road Accident, and
o Tourism.
12. The current study will focus on but not limited to the following:
 Landscape, Geohazards and Slope Stability
13. Identification of natural landscape of the project area. Assessment of geological,
hydrological and geomorphological features of the project area, as well as any violent
interference in the natural processes. Investigation and evaluation of results to predict
erosion, siltation, ground subsidence, floods, and banks washing-off (lateral erosion) in the
project area.
 Regional Hydrology and Flood Pattern
14. Assessment of the situation pertaining to regional hydrology and flood pattern in
the project area.
 Climate Change Impact
15. Assessment of climate change impact and associated risks to the project
(hydrology and sediment transport, anticipated impact of sea-level rise due to global
warming, wildlife and ecology with focus on terrestrial and aquatic flora/fauna) and
identifying other climate change mitigation measures into the various components (bridge,
RTW and approach roads).
 River Morphology

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16. Study possible impacts on river morphology, various environmental parameters,
local river transport, irrigation and flooding due to the river training works.
 Soil erosion and bank stability
17. Analysis of soil characteristics, moisture contents, vegetation cover etc., in
conjunction with the above activity, to predict possible soil and bank erosion to project
activities.
 Terrestrial flora and fauna
18. Investigation of the composition of plant species, migratory and local birds, aquatic
habitats (Hilsa, dolphins, etc.), terrestrial fauna including wildlife in the Project area.
Attention should be paid to the distribution of protected plant and animal/birds species in
order to ensure favorable conservation status for these species. Provision of a Wildlife
Museum should be studied at Janjira Site similar to the one of Bangabandhu Bridge site.
 Charland in upstream and downstream
19. Investigation on Charland in upstream and downstream in terms of flooding,
fisheries, agriculture production etc.
 Wetland habitats and aquatic flora and fauna
20. Investigations of occurrence of species (flora and fauna) in the identified wetlands
of the project area and assessing the potential influence of the project activities on them.
Attention should be paid to the distribution of protected species in order to ensure
favorable conservation status for these species.
 Sensitive Areas
21. Locate sensitive areas, showing the boundaries and buffer zones in the project
influence area. This is to ensure that the locations of sensitive areas and project area are
sufficiently distant enough to maintain harmonization and avoid any potential social
disturbances.
 Traffic flow
22. Traffic counts and historical traffic flow to predict the future traffic growth and the
load on the project Bridge and its Approach roads.
 Air quality and noise level
23. Collection and analysis of air (SPM, Pb, CO, NOx, SO2, dust) and noise quality
throughout the project area.
 Water Quality
24. Collection and analysis of water quality (DO, BOD, COD, turbidity, pH, TOC, TDS,
TSS, EC, As, Coliform, Hardness, oil and grease) of the major water sources within and
along the project area.
 Riverbed Dredged Material
25. Collection and analysis of the chemical properties of dredged materials. Assess
the presence of toxic and heavy metals like As, Pb, Cd, Cr, Hg, etc. Evaluate the
environmental impact of such contaminants on the end-use and environmental impacts of
spoiled dredged materials.
 Sand mine, Quarry and Borrow Sites
26. Estimation of effects on the ecological resources in the area connected to sand
mining, quarry and barrow pit operations needed for construction.
27. Carryout a study on the potential impacts due to various construction methods (if
any).

5.3 Analysis of Alternatives and Economic Assessment

5.3.1 Analysis of Alternative Options

28. Comparative environmental analysis of all available project alignments and various
bridge design and river training options including “No Project” scenario.

5.3.2 Economic Assessment

29. Economic analysis of all alternatives in accordance with ADB’s Handbook on
Economic Evaluation of Environmental Impacts for: (i) costs and benefits of environmental
impacts; (ii) costs, benefits, and cost-effectiveness of mitigation measures; and (iii)

A1-22
discussion of impacts that have not been expressed in monetary values, in quantitative
terms where possible.

5.4 Anticipated Environmental Impacts and Mitigation Measures

5.4.1 Forecast of Impacts
30. Forecasting of air and noise quality based on predicted traffic estimates using
computer modeling software and recommendation of mitigation measures.
31. Evaluation of the project impact on all physical and ecological resources described
above and recommendation of mitigation measures.
32. Evaluation of socio-economic and cultural impacts, such as:
o Assessment of the status of livelihoods (agriculture, fisheries, boat/speed
boat operators, business, etc.).
o Assessment of the impact on irrigation pumps using river water in the
project area.
o Assessment of impacts on culturally and religiously sensitive locations
(mosques, church, graveyards, cemetery, etc.)
o Assessment of impacts on industrial development
o Assessment of impacts in tourism sector
o Assessment of traffic safety.
33. Assessment of impact on health and safety and estimation of possible health and
safety impacts (such as safety, HIV/AIDS, STDs, human trafficking) on construction
workers, vehicle operators and roadside residents due to construction camps and other
project activities.
34. Assess the environmental impacts on the proposed resettlement sites and
appropriate mitigation measures to ensure resettlement sites are developed in such a way
that environmental impacts are reduced to acceptable levels.
35. Cumulative impact assessment considering international waterways development
and Asian Highway on the project. This will be a qualitative assessment based on
available secondary information.

5.5 Environmental Management Plan

5.5.1 Environmental Mitigation Measures

36. Preparation of Environmental Management Plan (EMP) for all phases of the Project
for effective implementation of environmental protection and mitigation measures of
significant environmental impacts. Preparation of environmental protection measures to (i)
mitigate environmental impacts, (ii) provide in-kind compensation for lost environmental
resources, or (iii) enhance environmental resources. Prepare cost estimates for each
mitigation measure proposed in the EMP and include all the mitigation measures in the
engineering design of the Project.
37. Setting up of environmental criteria for several variables such as:
o Air quality
o Noise level
o Accidental spills of hazardous substances
o Water quality
o Charland in upstream and downstream (flooding, fisheries, agriculture
production etc)

5.5.2 Institutional Assessment

38. Assessment of institutional capacity of the implementing agencies for effective
implementation of environmental management and monitoring plan. Identification of
responsible institutes for implementation and supervision of the EMMP. Assess training
needs of these agencies and propose capacity building measures and institutional
arrangements to strengthen these agencies along with the cost estimates.

5.5.3 Monitoring Mechanism

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39. Elaboration and specifying of “feed back monitoring” program, a tool to be used by
implementing authorities in order to be able to interfere and respond quickly to activities,
which during the construction and operation turn out to have a negative effect to the
environment. The tool will specify the parameters, location, frequency and means of
monitoring.

5.6 Public Consultations and Disclosure Plan

5.6.1 Conduct Public Consultations and Document them

40. Assisting the Bangladesh Bridge Authority to conduct two public consultations (one
during the inception stage and the second one after finalization of EIA report) according to
co-financiers’ guidelines for Category A projects. This will ensure that the consultation
process will involve affected people, key agencies, NGOs, public representatives, and
other stakeholders and they are provided with opportunities to participate in the decision-
making process and to influence decisions that will affect them. Address all the comments
in the engineering designs.
41. Agreement by the appropriate authorities of the project locations where minor
temporary and/or permanent impacts to the environment can be accepted during the
construction and operation phase of the project. The ranges of the locations will be
determined on the basis of results of investigations and local conditions.

5.6.2 Disclosure Plan

42. In consultation with the stakeholders, preparation of information disclosure plan for
dissemination of safeguard documents to the affected community and general public.

6.0 EIA Team Composition and Environmental Unit of BBA

43. To accelerate the delivery of the Project, the Consultant sought approval from BBA
to mobilize additional personnel to allow completion of tasks in a much shorter time. This
is described in the Inception Report submitted 27 April 2009. In addition, the co-financiers
require SEIA circulated to the Board and disclosed to the public following the “120 day
rule”, which makes EIA preparation is very critical for the approval of loan. BBA is now
requesting the Consultant to submit the draft EIA and SEIA by September 2009. In order
to comply with this request, the Consultant proposed additional staff to expedite EIA
preparation process. The inputs from the proposed additional staff are being
accommodated within the current consultancy services budget for the specific task.

44. Our original Proposal nominated one International and one National Environmental
Specialists and two Environmental Engineers. The DOE and co-financiers have requested
to include some specific tasks like impacts on river ecology, impacts of upstream river
projects, impacts of climate change due to the implementation of the Padma Bridge, and
GIS integration in the EIA study. Therefore, the revised Consultant team for the EIA study
consists of the following:

Sl. Position Person Months

1 Int’l Environmental Specialist 1 8.25
2 Int’l Environmental Specialist 2 4.25
National Consultant
1 Environmental Specialist 2 13
2 Environmental Engineer 1 13
3 Environmental Engineer 2 4.5
Proposed Positions
4 River Ecologist 5
5 GIS Specialist 3
6 Climate Change Specialist 2

A1-24
45. BBA will be responsible to coordinate with the Consultant to carry out the EIA study
along with EMP in accordance with environmental guidelines of co-financiers and GOB
within the project stipulated time schedule. The Environmental Unit of BBA will monitor the
EIA and EMP activities on a regular basis and review all environmental reports prepared
by the Environmental Team of the Consultant. MOE will be consulted for complex issues
and approval of environmental documents prepared by the Consultant.
46. The Consultant will coordinate with the Panel of Experts regarding Important
Environmental Components and other relevant issues during the course of the EIA study.

7.0 Work Program and Personnel Schedule

47. The duration of the preparation of the EIA including EMP will be about 14 months.
The work program and personnel schedule is provided in Figure 1.

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A1-26
8.0 Reporting

48. All reports shall be written in English and presented and illustrated in a clear and
concise manner including relevant data, maps, diagrams, plans, tables etc. The following
reports have to be prepared and submitted:
- Inception Report
- Draft TOR of the EIA Study
- Draft EMP for Draft Bidding Documents
- Draft EIA and SEIA based on available information
- Revised EIA, EMP and SEIA Reports
- Final EIA, SEIA, and EMP (incorporating comments on Draft and Revised EIA
Report)

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Annex 1-3: DOE Approval of the TOR

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Annex 4-1: Interaction Matrix showing project activities and environmental components

Physical Environment Ecological Environment Environment Quality Social Environment

Environmental Components

Relig/Cultur. Sensitivity
Surface Water Quality
Fisheries/Aquatic life

Land Acqu. & Resett.

Top soil/Bed Material

Groundwater Quality

Non Road Accidents

Health, Safety and
Navigation/Water

Transport/Road
Erosion/Scour

Noise Quality

Employment
Topography

Soil Quality
Vegetation

Agriculture
Air Quality
Charlands
River flow

Accidents

Accidents
Wetlands
Drainage

Landuse
Hygiene

Gender
Wildlife
Project Activities in Different Phases

Waste

Spoils
Weightage 2 3 4 3 4 5 5 5 4 4 3 3 3 4 3 3 5 3 5 4 4 5 4 3 4 3 2
Pre-construction 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Land acquisition 0 0 0 0 0 √ √ √ √ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 √ √ √ 0 0 √ √ 0 0 0
Resettlement site development 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Mobilization of equipments, construction 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 √ 0 0 √ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 √ 0 0
materials/ vehicles
Clearing of sites 0 0 0 0 0 0 √ √ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 √ √ 0 0 √ 0 √ √ √ 0 0 0
Removing of top soils 0 √ 0 0 √ 0 0 √ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 √ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Earth filling and compaction √ √ 0 √ √ √ 0 0 √ 0 0 √ 0 √ √ 0 0 0 0 √ 0 √ √ √ 0 0 √
Construction of civil amenities and development 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 √ 0 √ 0 √ 0 0 0 √ √ √ 0 0 √

Plantation 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 √ 0 0 √ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 √
Environmental Sanitation 0 0 0 √ 0 0 0 0 0 0 √ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 √ 0 0 √ 0 0 0 0 √
Construction 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Main Bridge 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Mobilization of equipments, construction 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 √ 0 0 √ 0 0 0 0 0 0 √ 0 0 0 √ 0 0
materials/ vehicles
Dredging of channels to bring barges 0 √ √ √ 0 √ √ 0 0 √ 0 √ 0 0 0 √ √ 0 0 0 √ √ 0 0 0 0 0
Movement of barges on the river and associated 0 0 √ 0 0 0 0 0 0 √ √ √ 0 √ 0 0 0 0 0 0 √ √ 0 0 0 0 0
dredging
Construction of sub-structure (pile driving, spoil 0 √ √ 0 0 √ √ 0 0 √ 0 √ 0 √ 0 √ √ 0 0 0 √ √ √ 0 0 0 0
disposal)
Erection and Casting 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 √ 0 0 √ 0 √ √ 0 0 0 √ 0 √ 0 0 0 0
Construction of superstructure 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 √ √ 0 √ 0 √ 0 0 0 0 √ √ √ 0 0 0 0
Disposal of wastes 0 0 0 0 0 √ 0 0 0 √ 0 √ 0 0 √ √ 0 0 0 √ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
River Training Works 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Mobilization of equipments, construction 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 √ 0 0 √ 0 0 0 0 0 0 √ 0 0 0 √ 0 0
materials/ vehicles
Movement of dredges 0 0 √ 0 0 √ 0 0 0 √ √ √ 0 √ 0 0 0 0 0 0 √ √ 0 0 0 0 0
Dredging for slope preparation 0 √ √ 0 √ √ √ √ 0 √ √ √ 0 √ 0 √ √ 0 0 0 √ √ √ 0 0 0 0
Placing geo-textile & rocks on the slope 0 0 √ 0 0 √ √ 0 0 0 0 √ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 √ √ 0 0 0 0
Construction of revetment/embankment 0 √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ 0 √ √ 0 √ 0 0 0 0 0 0 √ 0 √ 0 0 0 0
Disposal of dredge materials √ √ 0 √ √ √ √ 0 0 √ 0 √ √ 0 √ √ √ 0 0 √ 0 0 √ √ 0 0 √

Padma Multipurpose Bridge Design Project

Final Report (Environmental Action Plan)
Environmental Impact Assessment Report
April 30, 2010 A4.1-1
Annex 4-1: Interaction Matrix showing project activities and environmental components

Environmental Components

Relig/Cultur. Sensitivity
Surface Water Quality
Fisheries/Aquatic life

Land Acqu. & Resett.

Top soil/Bed Material

Groundwater Quality

Non Road Accidents

Health, Safety and
Navigation/Water

Transport/Road
Erosion/Scour

Noise Quality

Employment
Topography

Soil Quality
Vegetation

Agriculture
Air Quality
Charlands
River flow

Accidents

Accidents
Wetlands
Drainage

Landuse
Hygiene

Gender
Wildlife
Project Activities in Different Phases

Waste

Spoils
Weightage 2 3 4 3 4 5 5 5 4 4 3 3 3 4 3 3 5 3 5 4 4 5 4 3 4 3 2
Approach roads 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Mobilization of equipments, construction 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 √ 0 0 √ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 √ 0 0
materials/ vehicles
Clearing of sites 0 0 0 0 0 0 √ √ 0 0 0 0 0 √ 0 √ √ 0 0 √ 0 0 √ 0 0 0 0
Removing of top soils 0 √ 0 0 √ 0 0 √ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 √ 0 0 0 √ 0 0 √ √ 0 0 0
Earth filling and compaction for road embankment √ √ 0 √ √ √ √ √ √ 0 √ √ 0 √ √ √ 0 0 0 √ 0 √ √ √ 0 0 √

Black carpeting (bituminous carpet) √ √ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 √ √ 0 0 √ √ 0 0 0 0 0 √ √ √ 0 0 0

Construction of road structures √ √ 0 √ √ 0 0 √ 0 0 √ √ 0 √ √ √ 0 √ 0 √ 0 √ √ √ 0 0 √
Waste disposal 0 0 0 0 0 √ 0 0 √ 0 0 √ 0 0 √ √ 0 0 0 √ 0 0 0 0 0 0 √
Provision for Approach rails 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Mobilization of equipments, construction 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 √ 0 0 √ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 √ 0 0
materials/ vehicles
Clearing of sites 0 0 0 0 0 0 √ √ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 √ √ 0 0 √ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Removing of top soils 0 √ 0 0 √ 0 0 √ 0 0 0 √ 0 0 0 √ 0 0 0 √ 0 0 √ √ 0 0 0
Earth filling and compaction for road √ √ 0 √ √ √ √ √ √ 0 √ √ 0 √ √ 0 0 0 0 √ 0 √ √ √ 0 0 √
embankment
Placing sleepers, crushed rocks, rails etc. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 √ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 √ √ √ 0 0 0
Construction of railway viaducts √ √ 0 0 0 √ √ √ √ 0 √ √ 0 √ √ √ 0 √ 0 √ 0 √ √ √ 0 0 √
Construction of rail stations √ 0 0 0 0 √ √ √ √ 0 √ √ 0 √ √ √ 0 0 0 √ 0 √ √ √ 0 0 √
Waste disposal 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 √ 0 0 0 √ 0 0 √ √ 0 0 0 0 0 √ 0 0 0 0 √
Bridge end facilities 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Mobilization of equipments, construction 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 √ 0 0 √ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 √ 0 0
materials/ vehicles
Clearing of sites 0 0 0 0 0 0 √ √ 0 0 0 0 0 √ 0 √ √ 0 0 √ 0 √ √ √ 0 0 0
Removing of top soils 0 √ 0 0 √ 0 0 √ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 √ 0 0 0 √ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Earth filling and compaction √ √ 0 0 √ 0 0 √ √ 0 √ √ 0 √ √ 0 0 0 0 √ 0 √ √ √ 0 0 √
Development of superstructure 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 √ 0 √ 0 0 0 0 0 √ √ √ 0 0 √
Waste disposal 0 0 0 0 0 √ 0 √ 0 0 0 √ 0 0 √ √ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 √
Construction yards 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Dredging for development of Construction Yards 0 √ √ √ √ √ √ √ 0 √ √ √ 0 √ 0 √ √ 0 0 0 √ √ √ 0 0 0 0

Padma Multipurpose Bridge Design Project

Final Report (Environmental Action Plan)
Environmental Impact Assessment Report
April 30, 2010 A4.1-2
Annex 4-1: Interaction Matrix showing project activities and environmental components

Environmental Components

Relig/Cultur. Sensitivity
Surface Water Quality
Fisheries/Aquatic life

Land Acqu. & Resett.

Top soil/Bed Material

Groundwater Quality

Non Road Accidents

Health, Safety and
Navigation/Water

Transport/Road
Erosion/Scour

Noise Quality

Employment
Topography

Soil Quality
Vegetation

Agriculture
Air Quality
Charlands
River flow

Accidents

Accidents
Wetlands
Drainage

Landuse
Hygiene

Gender
Wildlife
Project Activities in Different Phases

Waste

Spoils
Weightage 2 3 4 3 4 5 5 5 4 4 3 3 3 4 3 3 5 3 5 4 4 5 4 3 4 3 2
Mobilization of construction vehicles/materials 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 √ √ √ 0 √ 0 0 0 0 0 0 √ 0 0 0 √ 0 0
and and movement of barges/vehicles
Clearing of sites 0 0 0 0 0 0 √ √ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 √ √ 0 0 √ 0 √ √ √ 0 0 0
Removing of top soils 0 √ 0 0 √ 0 0 √ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 √ 0 0 0 √ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Earth filling and compaction √ √ 0 0 √ 0 0 √ √ 0 0 0 0 √ √ 0 0 0 0 √ 0 √ √ √ 0 0 √
Development of facilities for construction activities 0 0 0 0 √ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 √ 0 √ 0 0 0 0 0 √ √ √ 0 0 √

Storage, batch mix and fabrication 0 0 0 0 √ 0 0 0 0 0 √ 0 √ √ √ √ 0 0 0 0 0 √ √ 0 0 0 0

Operation of Construction Yards 0 0 0 √ √ √ √ 0 0 0 √ √ √ √ √ √ 0 0 0 0 √ √ √ √ √ 0 0
Public utility crossings 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Instillation of high pressure gas pipe 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 √ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 √ √ 0 0 √ 0
Installation of high voltage line 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 √ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 √ √ 0 0 √ 0
Installation of optical fibres 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 √ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 √ √ 0 0 √ 0
Operation & Maintenance and regional 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
development
Main Bridge 0 0 √ 0 √ 0 0 0 0 √ √ √ 0 √ √ 0 0 0 0 0 0 √ √ √ √ 0 0
River Training Works 0 0 0 0 √ 0 0 √ 0 0 0 0 0 0 √ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 √ √ 0 0 0
Approach roads 0 0 0 √ 0 0 0 √ 0 0 √ √ 0 √ √ √ 0 √ 0 0 0 0 √ √ √ 0 0
Approach rails 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 √ 0 0 √ √ 0 √ √ √ 0 √ 0 0 0 0 √ √ √ 0 0
Bridge end facilities 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 √ 0 √ 0 0 0 0 0 0 √ √ 0 0 0
Public utility crossings 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 √ √ 0 0 0
Associated components 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Widening of National Highway (N8) √ √ 0 √ 0 √ 0 √ 0 0 √ √ 0 √ √ √ 0 0 0 √ 0 √ √ √ √ 0 √
Railway connectivity √ 0 0 √ 0 √ 0 √ 0 0 √ √ 0 √ √ √ 0 0 0 √ 0 √ √ √ 0 0 √
Construction of public utilities 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 √ 0 0 0 0 0 √ √ 0 0 0 0 √ 0 0 √ √ 0 0 0
Impacts at regional scale (induced impacts) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Road network development √ √ 0 √ 0 √ √ √ √ 0 √ √ √ √ √ √ 0 0 √ √ 0 √ √ √ √ 0 √
Roadside development √ √ 0 √ 0 √ √ √ √ 0 √ √ √ √ √ √ 0 0 √ √ 0 √ √ √ √ 0 √
Industrialization √ √ 0 √ 0 √ √ √ √ 0 √ √ √ √ √ √ 0 0 √ √ 0 √ √ √ √ √ √
Railway network development √ √ 0 √ 0 √ √ √ √ 0 √ √ √ √ √ √ 0 0 √ √ 0 √ √ √ √ √ √

Padma Multipurpose Bridge Design Project

Final Report (Environmental Action Plan)
Environmental Impact Assessment Report
April 30, 2010 A4.1-3
Annex 4-2: Impact Assessment Matrix

1. Topography 2. Top Soil/Bed Material 3. River Flow 4. Drainage 5. Erosion/Scour

Composite Rating Vale

Composite Rating Vale

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Environmental Components

Degree of Impact

Degree of Impact

Degree of Impact

Degree of Impact

Degree of Impact
Partly Mitigable

Partly Mitigable

Partly Mitigable

Partly Mitigable

Partly Mitigable
Fully Mitigable

Fully Mitigable

Fully Mitigable

Fully Mitigable

Fully Mitigable
Impact Value

Impact Value

Impact Value

Impact Value

Impact Value
Short Term

Short Term

Short Term

Short Term

Short Term
Long Term

Long Term

Long Term

Long Term

Long Term
Weightage

Weightage

Weightage

Weightage

Weightage
Interaction

Interaction

Interaction

Interaction

Interaction
Project Activities in Different Phases

Pre-construction
Land acquisition
Resettlement site development
Mobilization of equipments, construction
materials/ vehicles
Clearing of sites
Removing of top soils √ 3 -3 √ √ -2 -6 √ 4 -1 √ √ -1 -4
Earth filling and compaction √ 2 -1 √ √ -1 -2 √ 3 2 √ 2 6 √ 3 -2 √ √ -1 -3 √ 4 -1 √ √ -1 -4
Construction of civil amenities and development

Plantation
Environmental Sanitation √ 3 3 √ 3 9
Construction
Main Bridge
Mobilization of equipments, construction
materials/ vehicles
Dredging of channels to bring barges √ 3 -2 √ √ -1 -3 √ 4 -2 √ √ -1 -4 √ 3 -1 √ √ -1 -3
Movement of barges on the river and √ 4 -2 √ √ -1 -4
associated dredging
Construction
Co st uct o of
o sub-structure
sub st uctu e (pile
(p e ddriving,
g, spo
spoil √ 3 -3 √ √ -2 -66 √ 4 -2 √ √ -1 -4
disposal)
Erection and Casting
Construction of superstructure
Disposal of wastes
River Training Works
Mobilization of equipments, construction
materials/ vehicles
Movement of dredges √ 4 -2 √ √ -1 -4
Dredging for slope preparation √ 3 -3 √ √ -2 -6 √ 4 -3 √ √ -2 -8 √ 4 -1 √ √ -1 -4
Placing geo-textile & rocks on the slope √ 4 -1 √ √ -1 -4
Construction of revetment/embankment √ 3 -2 √ √ -1 -3 √ 4 -1 √ √ -1 -4 √ 3 -2 √ √ -2 -6 √ 4 -1 √ √ -1 -4

Disposal of dredge materials √ 2 -2 √ √ -2 -4 √ 3 -1 √ √ -1 -3 √ 3 -3 √ √ -2 -6 √ 4 -2 √ √ -2 -8

Padma Multipurpose Bridge Design Project

Final Report (Environmental Action Plan)
Environmental Impact Assessment Report
April 30, 2010 A4.2-1
Annex 4-2: Impact Assessment Matrix

1. Topography 2. Top Soil/Bed Material 3. River Flow 4. Drainage 5. Erosion/Scour

Composite Rating Vale

Composite Rating Vale

Composite Rating Vale

Composite Rating Vale

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Environmental Components

Degree of Impact

Degree of Impact

Degree of Impact

Degree of Impact

Degree of Impact
Partly Mitigable

Partly Mitigable

Partly Mitigable

Partly Mitigable

Partly Mitigable
Fully Mitigable

Fully Mitigable

Fully Mitigable

Fully Mitigable

Fully Mitigable
Impact Value

Impact Value

Impact Value

Impact Value

Impact Value
Short Term

Short Term

Short Term

Short Term

Short Term
Long Term

Long Term

Long Term

Long Term

Long Term
Weightage

Weightage

Weightage

Weightage

Weightage
Interaction

Interaction

Interaction

Interaction

Interaction
Project Activities in Different Phases

Approach roads
Mobilization of equipments, construction
materials/ vehicles
Clearing of sites
Removing of top soils √ 3 -3 √ √ -2 -6 √ 4 -1 √ √ -1 -4
Earth filling and compaction for road √ 2 -1 √ √ -1 -2 √ 3 2 √ 2 6 √ 3 -3 √ √ -2 -6 √ 4 -1 √ √ -1 -4
embankment
Black carpeting (bituminous carpet) √ 2 -1 √ √ -1 -2 √ 3
Construction of road structures √ 2 -1 √ √ -1 -2 √ 3 -1 √ √ -1 -3 √ 3 -3 √ √ -2 -6 √ 4 -1 √ √ -1 -4
Waste disposal
Provision for Approach rails
Mobilization of equipments, construction
materials/ vehicles
Clearing of sites
Removing of top soils √ 3 -3 √ √ -2 -6 √ 4 -1 √ √ -1 -4
Earth filling and compaction for road √ 2 -2 √ √ -2 -4 √ 3 1 √ 1 3 √ 3 -3 √ √ -2 -6 √ 4 -1 √ √ -1 -4
embankment
Placing sleepers, crushed rocks, rails etc.
Construction of railway viaducts √ 2 -1 √ √ -1 -2 √ 3 -1 √ √ -1 -3
Construction of rail stations √ 2 -2 √ √ -2 -4
Waste disposal
Bridge end facilities
Mobilization of equipments, construction
materials/ vehicles
Clearing of sites
Removing of top soils √ 3 -2 √ √ -1 -3 √ 4 -1 √ √ -1 -4
Earth filling and compaction √ 2 -1 √ √ -1 -2 √ 3 1 √ 1 3 √ 4 -1 √ √ -1 -4
Development of superstructure
Waste disposal

Padma Multipurpose Bridge Design Project

Final Report (Environmental Action Plan)
Environmental Impact Assessment Report
April 30, 2010 A4.2-2
Annex 4-2: Impact Assessment Matrix

1. Topography 2. Top Soil/Bed Material 3. River Flow 4. Drainage 5. Erosion/Scour

Composite Rating Vale

Composite Rating Vale

Composite Rating Vale

Composite Rating Vale

Composite Rating Vale

Environmental Components

Degree of Impact

Degree of Impact

Degree of Impact

Degree of Impact

Degree of Impact
Partly Mitigable

Partly Mitigable

Partly Mitigable

Partly Mitigable

Partly Mitigable
Fully Mitigable

Fully Mitigable

Fully Mitigable

Fully Mitigable

Fully Mitigable
Impact Value

Impact Value

Impact Value

Impact Value

Impact Value
Short Term

Short Term

Short Term

Short Term

Short Term
Long Term

Long Term

Long Term

Long Term

Long Term
Weightage

Weightage

Weightage

Weightage

Weightage
Interaction

Interaction

Interaction

Interaction

Interaction
Project Activities in Different Phases

Construction yards
Dredging for development of Construction Yards √ 3 -3 √ √ -2 -6 √ 4 -1 √ √ -1 -4 √ 3 -1 √ √ -1 -3 √ 4 -1 √ √ -1 -4

Mobilization of construction vehicles/materials

and and movement of barges/vehicles
Clearing of sites
Removing of top soils √ 3 -2 √ √ -1 -3 √ 4 -1 √ √ -1 -4
Earth filling and compaction √ 2 -1 √ √ -1 -2 √ 3 1 √ 1 3 √ 4 -1 √ √ -1 -4
Development of facilities for construction √ 4 -1 √ √ -1 -4
activities
Storage, batch mix and fabrication √ 4 -1 √ √ -1 -4
Operation of Construction Yards √ 3 -3 √ √ -2 -6 √ 4 -3 √ √ -2 -8
Public utility crossings
Instillation of high pressure gas pipe
Installation of high voltage line
Installation of optical fibres
Operation & Maintenance and regional
development
Main Bridge √ 4 -1 √ √ -1 -4 √ 4 -2 √ √ -2 -8
River Training Works √ 4 3 √ 3 12
Approach roads √ 3 -3 √ √ -2 -6
Approach rails
Bridge end facilities
Public utility crossings
Associated components
Widening of National Highway (N8) √ 2 2 √ 2 4 √ 3 -1 √ √ -1 -3 √ 3 -2 √ √ -1 -3
Railway connectivity √ 2 2 √ 2 4 √ 3 -2 √ √ -1 -3
Construction of public utilities
Impacts at regional scale (induced impacts)
Road network development √ 2 2 √ 2 4 √ 3 1 √ 1 3 √ 3 -2 √ √ -1 -3
Roadside development √ 2 2 √ 2 4 √ 3 1 √ 1 3 √ 3 -2 √ √ -1 -3
Industrialization √ 2 2 √ 2 4 √ 3 1 √ 1 3 √ 3 -2 √ √ -1 -3
Railway network development √ 2 2 √ 2 4 √ 3 1 √ 1 3 √ 3 -2 √ √ -1 -3

Padma Multipurpose Bridge Design Project

Final Report (Environmental Action Plan)
Environmental Impact Assessment Report
April 30, 2010 A4.2-3
Annex 4-2: Impact Assessment Matrix

6 Fisheries/Aquatic life 7. Wildlife 8. Vegetation 9. Wetlands (Perm/ Temp) 10. Char lands

Composite Rating Vale

Composite Rating Vale

Composite Rating Vale

Composite Rating Vale

Composite Rating Vale

Environmental Components

Degree of Impact

Degree of Impact

Degree of Impact

Degree of Impact

Degree of Impact
Partly Mitigable

Partly Mitigable

Partly Mitigable

Partly Mitigable

Partly Mitigable
Fully Mitigable

Fully Mitigable

Fully Mitigable

Fully Mitigable

Fully Mitigable
Impact Value

Impact Value

Impact Value

Impact Value

Impact Value
Short Term

Short Term

Short Term

Short Term

Short Term
Long Term

Long Term

Long Term

Long Term

Long Term
Weightage

Weightage

Weightage

Weightage

Weightage
Interaction

Interaction

Interaction

Interaction

Interaction
Project Activities in Different Phases

Pre-construction
Land acquisition √ 5 -3 √ √ -2 -10 √ 5 -3 √ √ -2 -10 √ 5 -2 √ √ -2 -10 √ 4 -1 √ √ -1 -4
Resettlement site development
Mobilization of equipments, construction
materials/ vehicles
Clearing of sites √ 5 -1 √ √ -1 -5 √ 5 -3 √ √ -3 -15
Removing of top soils √ 5 -2 √ √ -1 -5
Earth filling and compaction √ 5 -2 √ √ -2 -10 √ 4 -2 √ √ -2 -8
Construction of civil amenities and development

Plantation √ 5 3 √ 3 15
Environmental Sanitation
Construction
Main Bridge
Mobilization of equipments, construction
materials/ vehicles
Dredging of channels to bring barges √ 5 -2 √ √ -2 -10 √ 5 -1 √ √ -1 -5 √ 4 -1 √ √ -1 -4
Movement of barges on the river and √ 4 -2 √ √ -2 -8
associated dredging
Construction
Co st uct o of
o sub-structure
sub st uctu e (pile
(p e ddriving, spoil √
g, spo 5 -33 √ √ -33 -155 √ 5 -1 √ √ -2 -100 √ 4 -33 √ √ -2 -88
disposal)
Erection and Casting
Construction of superstructure
Disposal of wastes √ 5 -2 √ √ -1 -5 √ 4 -1 √ √ -1 -4
River Training Works
Mobilization of equipments, construction
materials/ vehicles
Movement of dredges √ 5 -2 √ √ -1 -5 √ 4 -3 √ √ -2 -8
Dredging for slope preparation √ 5 -3 √ √ -3 -15 √ 5 -2 √ √ -1 -5 √ 5 -2 √ √ -2 -10 √ 4 -3 √ √ -2 -8
Placing geo-textile & rocks on the slope √ 5 -1 √ √ -1 -5 √ 5 -2 √ √ -1 -5
Construction of revetment/embankment √ 5 -1 √ √ -1 -5 √ 5 -2 √ √ -1 -5 √ 5 -3 √ √ -3 -15 √ 4 -2 √ √ -2 -8

Disposal of dredge materials √ 5 -3 √ √ -3 -15 √ 5 -2 √ √ -1 -5 √ 4 -2 √ √ -2 -8

Padma Multipurpose Bridge Design Project

Final Report (Environmental Action Plan)
Environmental Impact Assessment Report
April 30, 2010 A4.2-4
Annex 4-2: Impact Assessment Matrix

6 Fisheries/Aquatic life 7. Wildlife 8. Vegetation 9. Wetlands (Perm/ Temp) 10. Char lands

Composite Rating Vale

Composite Rating Vale

Composite Rating Vale

Composite Rating Vale

Composite Rating Vale

Environmental Components

Degree of Impact

Degree of Impact

Degree of Impact

Degree of Impact

Degree of Impact
Partly Mitigable

Partly Mitigable

Partly Mitigable

Partly Mitigable

Partly Mitigable
Fully Mitigable

Fully Mitigable

Fully Mitigable

Fully Mitigable

Fully Mitigable
Impact Value

Impact Value

Impact Value

Impact Value

Impact Value
Short Term

Short Term

Short Term

Short Term

Short Term
Long Term

Long Term

Long Term

Long Term

Long Term
Weightage

Weightage

Weightage

Weightage

Weightage
Interaction

Interaction

Interaction

Interaction

Interaction
Project Activities in Different Phases

Approach roads
Mobilization of equipments, construction
materials/ vehicles
Clearing of sites √ 5 -1 √ √ -1 -5 √ 5 -3 √ √ -3 -15
Removing of top soils √ 5 -2 √ √ -1 -5
Earth filling and compaction for road √ 5 -2 √ √ -1 -5 √ 5 -1 √ √ -1 -5 √ 5 -2 √ √ -1 -5 √ 4 -2 √ √ -2 -8
embankment
Black carpeting (bituminous carpet)
Construction of road structures √ 5 -1 √ √ -1 -5
Waste disposal √ 5 -2 √ √ -1 -5 √ 4 -2 √ √ -1 -4
Provision for Approach rails
Mobilization of equipments, construction
materials/ vehicles
Clearing of sites √ 5 -1 √ √ -1 -5 √ 5 -3 √ √ -2 -10
Removing of top soils √ 5 -1 √ √ -1 -5
Earth filling and compaction for road √ 5 -2 √ √ -1 -5 √ 5 -1 √ √ -1 -5 √ 5 -1 √ √ -1 -5 √ 4 -2 √ √ -2 -8
embankment
Placing sleepers, crushed rocks, rails etc.
Construction of railway viaducts √ 5 -1 √ √ -1 -5 √ 5 -1 √ √ -1 -5 √ 5 -3 √ √ -2 -10 √ 4 -1 √ √ -1 -4
Construction of rail stations √ 5 -1 √ √ -1 -5 √ 5 -1 √ √ -1 -5 √ 5 -1 √ √ -1 -5 √ 4 -1 √ √ -1 -4
Waste disposal √ 5 -1 √ √ -1 -5
Bridge end facilities
Mobilization of equipments, construction
materials/ vehicles
Clearing of sites √ 5 -1 3 √ -2 -10 √ 5 -3 √ √ -2 -10
Removing of top soils √ 5 -1 √ √ -1 -5
Earth filling and compaction √ 5 -1 √ √ -1 -5 √ 4 -2 √ √ -2 -8
Development of superstructure
Waste disposal √ 5 -2 √ √ -1 -5 √ 5 -1 √ √ -1 -5

Padma Multipurpose Bridge Design Project

Final Report (Environmental Action Plan)
Environmental Impact Assessment Report
April 30, 2010 A4.2-5
Annex 4-2: Impact Assessment Matrix

6 Fisheries/Aquatic life 7. Wildlife 8. Vegetation 9. Wetlands (Perm/ Temp) 10. Char lands

Composite Rating Vale

Composite Rating Vale

Composite Rating Vale

Composite Rating Vale

Composite Rating Vale

Environmental Components

Degree of Impact

Degree of Impact

Degree of Impact

Degree of Impact

Degree of Impact
Partly Mitigable

Partly Mitigable

Partly Mitigable

Partly Mitigable

Partly Mitigable
Fully Mitigable

Fully Mitigable

Fully Mitigable

Fully Mitigable

Fully Mitigable
Impact Value

Impact Value

Impact Value

Impact Value

Impact Value
Short Term

Short Term

Short Term

Short Term

Short Term
Long Term

Long Term

Long Term

Long Term

Long Term
Weightage

Weightage

Weightage

Weightage

Weightage
Interaction

Interaction

Interaction

Interaction

Interaction
Project Activities in Different Phases

Construction yards
Dredging for development of Construction Yards √ 5 -3 √ √ -3 -15 √ 5 -2 √ √ -1 -5 √ 5 -2 √ √ -2 -10 √ 4 -3 √ √ -2 -8

Mobilization of construction vehicles/materials √ 4 -2 √ √ -1 -4

and and movement of barges/vehicles
Clearing of sites √ 5 -1 √ √ -1 -5 √ 5 -3 √ √ -2 -10
Removing of top soils √ 5 -1 √ √ -1 -5
Earth filling and compaction √ 5 -1 √ √ -1 -5 √ 4 -2 √ √ -2 -8
Development of facilities for construction
activities
Storage, batch mix and fabrication
Operation of Construction Yards √ 5 -2 √ √ -1 -5 √ 5 -1 √ √ -1 -5
Public utility crossings
Instillation of high pressure gas pipe
Installation of high voltage line
Installation of optical fibres
Operation & Maintenance and regional
development
Main Bridge √ 4 2 √ 2 8
River Training Works √ 5 3 √ 3 15
Approach roads √ 5 3 √ 3 15
Approach rails √ 5 3 √
Bridge end facilities
Public utility crossings
Associated components
Widening of National Highway (N8) √ 5 -1 √ √ -1 -5 √ 5 -1 √ √ -1 -5
Railway connectivity √ 5 -1 √ √ -1 -5 √ 5 -1 √ √ -1 -5
Construction of public utilities √ 5 -1 √ √ -1 -5
Impacts at regional scale (induced impacts)
Road network development √ 5 -1 √ √ -1 -5 √ 5 -1 √ √ -1 -5 √ 5 -1 √ √ -1 -5 √ 4 -2 √ √ -2 -8
Roadside development √ 5 -1 √ √ -1 -5 √ 5 -1 √ √ -1 -5 √ 5 -1 √ √ -1 -5 √ 4 -2 √ √ -2 -8
Industrialization √ 5 -1 √ √ -1 -5 √ 5 -1 √ √ -1 -5 √ 5 -1 √ √ -1 -5 √ 4 -2 √ √ -2 -8
Railway network development √ 5 -1 √ √ -1 -5 √ 5 -1 √ √ -1 -5 √ 5 -1 √ √ -1 -5 √ 4 -2 √ √ -2 -8

Padma Multipurpose Bridge Design Project

Final Report (Environmental Action Plan)
Environmental Impact Assessment Report
April 30, 2010 A4.2-6
Annex 4-2: Impact Assessment Matrix

11. Air Quality 12. Surface Water Quality 13 Groundwater Quality 14. Noise Quality 15. Soil Quality

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Environmental Components

Degree of Impact

Degree of Impact

Degree of Impact

Degree of Impact

Degree of Impact
Partly Mitigable

Partly Mitigable

Partly Mitigable

Partly Mitigable

Partly Mitigable
Fully Mitigable

Fully Mitigable

Fully Mitigable

Fully Mitigable

Fully Mitigable
Impact Value

Impact Value

Impact Value

Impact Value

Impact Value
Short Term

Short Term

Short Term

Short Term

Short Term
Long Term

Long Term

Long Term

Long Term

Long Term
Weightage

Weightage

Weightage

Weightage

Weightage
Interaction

Interaction

Interaction

Interaction

Interaction
Project Activities in Different Phases

Pre-construction
Land acquisition
Resettlement site development
Mobilization of equipments, construction √ 3 -2 √ √ -1 -3 √ 4 -3 √ √ -1 -4
materials/ vehicles
Clearing of sites
Removing of top soils
Earth filling and compaction √ 3 -2 √ √ -1 -3 √ 4 -1 √ √ -1 -4 √ 3 -1 √ √ -1 -3
Construction of civil amenities and development √ 4 -2 √ √ -1 -4

Plantation √ 3 2 √ 2 6
Environmental Sanitation √ 3 2 √ 2 6
Construction
Main Bridge
Mobilization of equipments, construction √ 3 -2 √ √ -1 -3 √ 4 -3 √ √ -1 -4
materials/ vehicles
Dredging of channels to bring barges √ 3 -2 √ √ -1 -3
Movement of barges on the river and √ 3 -2 √ √ -1 -3 √ 3 -2 √ √ -1 -3 √ 4 -2 √ √ -1 -4
associated dredging
Construction
Co st uct o of
o sub-structure
sub st uctu e (pile
(p e ddriving,
g, spo
spoil √ 3 -33 √ √ -2 -66 √ 4 -33 √ √ -33 -12
disposal)
Erection and Casting √ 3 -2 √ √ -1 -3 √ 4 -2 √ √ -1 -4
Construction of superstructure √ 3 -2 √ √ -1 -3 √ 3 -3 √ √ -2 -6 √ 4 -3 √ √ -2 -8
Disposal of wastes √ 3 -3 √ √ -2 -6 √ 3 -1 √ √ -1 -3
River Training Works
Mobilization of equipments, construction √ 3 -2 √ √ -1 -3 √ 4 -3 √ √ -2 -8
materials/ vehicles
Movement of dredges √ 3 -2 √ √ -1 -3 √ 3 -2 √ √ -1 -3 √ 4 -2 √ √ -1 -4
Dredging for slope preparation √ 3 -2 √ √ -1 -3 √ 3 -3 √ √ -2 -6 √ 4 -2 √ √ -1 -4
Placing geo-textile & rocks on the slope √ 3 -3 √ √ -2 -6
Construction of revetment/embankment √ 3 -3 √ √ -2 -6 √ 3 -3 √ √ -2 -6 √ 4 -3 √ √ -2 -8

Disposal of dredge materials √ 3 -3 √ √ -2 -6 √ 3 -2 √ √ -1 -3 √ 3 -2 √ √ -1 -3

Padma Multipurpose Bridge Design Project

Final Report (Environmental Action Plan)
Environmental Impact Assessment Report
April 30, 2010 A4.2-7
Annex 4-2: Impact Assessment Matrix

11. Air Quality 12. Surface Water Quality 13 Groundwater Quality 14. Noise Quality 15. Soil Quality

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Environmental Components

Degree of Impact

Degree of Impact

Degree of Impact

Degree of Impact

Degree of Impact
Partly Mitigable

Partly Mitigable

Partly Mitigable

Partly Mitigable

Partly Mitigable
Fully Mitigable

Fully Mitigable

Fully Mitigable

Fully Mitigable

Fully Mitigable
Impact Value

Impact Value

Impact Value

Impact Value

Impact Value
Short Term

Short Term

Short Term

Short Term

Short Term
Long Term

Long Term

Long Term

Long Term

Long Term
Weightage

Weightage

Weightage

Weightage

Weightage
Interaction

Interaction

Interaction

Interaction

Interaction
Project Activities in Different Phases

Approach roads
Mobilization of equipments, construction √ 3 -2 √ √ -1 -3 √ 4 -3 √ √ -2 -8
materials/ vehicles
Clearing of sites √ 4 -1 √ √ -1 -4
Removing of top soils
Earth filling and compaction for road √ 3 -2 √ √ -1 -3 √ 3 -1 √ √ -1 -3 √ 4 -2 √ √ -1 -4 √ 3 -1
embankment
Black carpeting (bituminous carpet) √ 3 -2 √ √ -2 -6 √ 3 -1 √ √ -1 -3 √ 3 -2
Construction of road structures √ 3 -3 √ √ -2 -6 √ 3 -1 √ √ -1 -3 √ 4 -3 √ √ -1 -4 √ 3 -1 √ √ -1 -3
Waste disposal √ 3 -2 √ √ -1 -3 √ 3 -2 √ √ -1 -3
Provision for Approach rails
Mobilization of equipments, construction √ 3 -2 √ √ -1 -3 √ 4 -3 √ √ -2 -8
materials/ vehicles
Clearing of sites
Removing of top soils √ 3 -1 √ √ -1 -3
Earth filling and compaction for road √ 3 -2 √ √ -1 -3 √ 3 -1 √ √ -1 -3 √ 4 -2 √ √ -1 -4 √ 3 -1 √ √ -1 -3
embankment
Placing sleepers, crushed rocks, rails etc. √ 4 -2 √ √ -1 -4
Construction of railway viaducts √ 3 -3 √ √ -2 -6 √ 3 -1 √ √ √ 4 -2 √ √ -1 -4 √ 3 -1 √ √ -1 -3
Construction of rail stations √ 3 -2 √ √ -1 -3 √ 3 -1 √ √ -1 -3 √ 4 -2 √ √ -1 -4 √ 3 -1 √ √ -1 -3
Waste disposal √ 3 -1 √ √ -1 -3 √ 3 -2 √ √ -1 -3
Bridge end facilities
Mobilization of equipments, construction √ 3 -2 √ √ -1 -3 √ 4 -3 √ √ -2 -8
materials/ vehicles
Clearing of sites √ 4 -2 √ √ -1 -4
Removing of top soils
Earth filling and compaction √ 3 -2 √ √ -1 -3 √ 3 -1 √ √ -1 -3 √ 4 -2 √ √ -1 -4 √ 3 -1 √ √ -1 -3
Development of superstructure √ 4 -2 √ √ -1 -4
Waste disposal √ 3 -1 √ √ -1 -3 √ 3 -2 √ √ -1 -3

Padma Multipurpose Bridge Design Project

Final Report (Environmental Action Plan)
Environmental Impact Assessment Report
April 30, 2010 A4.2-8
Annex 4-2: Impact Assessment Matrix

11. Air Quality 12. Surface Water Quality 13 Groundwater Quality 14. Noise Quality 15. Soil Quality

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Environmental Components

Degree of Impact

Degree of Impact

Degree of Impact

Degree of Impact

Degree of Impact
Partly Mitigable

Partly Mitigable

Partly Mitigable

Partly Mitigable

Partly Mitigable
Fully Mitigable

Fully Mitigable

Fully Mitigable

Fully Mitigable

Fully Mitigable
Impact Value

Impact Value

Impact Value

Impact Value

Impact Value
Short Term

Short Term

Short Term

Short Term

Short Term
Long Term

Long Term

Long Term

Long Term

Long Term
Weightage

Weightage

Weightage

Weightage

Weightage
Interaction

Interaction

Interaction

Interaction

Interaction
Project Activities in Different Phases

Construction yards
Dredging for development of Construction Yards √ 3 -2 √ √ -1 -3 √ 3 -3 √ √ -2 -6 √ 4 -2 √ √ -1 -4

Mobilization of construction vehicles/materials √ 3 -2 √ √ -1 -3 √ 3 -1 √ √ -1 -3 √ 4 -3 √ √ -2 -8

and and movement of barges/vehicles
Clearing of sites
Removing of top soils
Earth filling and compaction √ 4 -2 √ √ -1 -4 √ 3 -1 √ √ -1 -3
Development of facilities for construction √ 4 -2 √ √ -2 -8
activities
Storage, batch mix and fabrication √ 3 -2 √ √ -2 -6 √ 3 -3 √ √ -3 -9 √ 4 -2 √ √ -2 -8 √ 3 -1 √ √ -1 -3
Operation of Construction Yards √ 3 -3 √ √ -3 -9 √ 3 -1 √ √ -3 -9 √ 3 -3 √ √ -3 -9 √ 4 -2 √ √ -2 -8 √ 3 -3 √ √ -1 -3
Public utility crossings
Instillation of high pressure gas pipe √ 4 -1 √ √ -1 -4
Installation of high voltage line √ 4 -1 √ √ -1 -4
Installation of optical fibres √ 4 -1 √ √ -1 -4
Operation & Maintenance and regional
development
Main Bridge √ 3 √ 3 -1 √ √ -1 -3 √ 4 -2 √ √ -2 -8 √ 3 -1 √ √ -1 -3
River Training Works √ 3 -1 √ √ -1 -3
Approach roads √ 3 -3 √ √ -3 -9 √ 3 -1 √ √ -1 -3 √ 4 -2 √ √ -2 -8 √ 3 -1 √ √ -1 -3
Approach rails √ 3 -1 √ √ -1 -3 √ 3 -1 √ √ -1 -3 √ 4 -2 √ √ -2 -8 √ 3 -1 √ √ -1 -3
Bridge end facilities √ 4 -1 √ √ -1 -4
Public utility crossings
Associated components
Widening of National Highway (N8) √ 3 -3 √ √ -3 -9 √ 3 √ 4 -2 √ √ -3 -2 √ 3 -1 √ √ -1 -3
Railway connectivity √ 3 -1 √ √ -1 -3 √ 3 -1 √ √ -1 -3 √ 4 -2 √ √ -3 -2 √ 3 -1 √ √ -1 -3
Construction of public utilities √ 4 -1 √ √ -1 -4 √ 3 -1 √ √ -1 -3
Impacts at regional scale (induced impacts)
Road network development √ 3 -3 √ √ -3 -9 √ 3 -1 √ √ -1 -3 √ 3 -1 √ √ -1 -3 √ 4 -2 √ √ √ 3 -1 √ √
Roadside development √ 3 -1 √ √ -1 -3 √ 3 -2 √ √ -2 -6 √ 3 -2 √ √ -2 -6 √ 4 -2 √ √ √ 3 -1 √ √
Industrialization √ 3 -2 √ √ -2 -6 √ 3 -2 √ √ -2 -6 √ 3 -2 √ √ -2 -6 √ 4 -2 √ √ √ 3 -2 √ √ -1 -3
Railway network development √ 3 -1 √ √ -1 -3 √ 3 -1 √ √ -1 -3 √ 3 -1 √ √ -1 -3 √ 4 -2 √ √ √ 3 -1 √ √ -1 -3

Padma Multipurpose Bridge Design Project

Final Report (Environmental Action Plan)
Environmental Impact Assessment Report
April 30, 2010 A4.2-9
Annex 4-2: Impact Assessment Matrix

16. Waste 17 Spoils 18 Religious & Cultural Sensitivity 19 Land Acquisition & Resettlement 20. Agriculture

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Environmental Components

Degree of Impact

Degree of Impact

Degree of Impact

Degree of Impact

Degree of Impact
Partly Mitigable

Partly Mitigable

Partly Mitigable

Partly Mitigable

Partly Mitigable
Fully Mitigable

Fully Mitigable

Fully Mitigable

Fully Mitigable

Fully Mitigable
Impact Value

Impact Value

Impact Value

Impact Value

Impact Value
Short Term

Short Term

Short Term

Short Term

Short Term
Long Term

Long Term

Long Term

Long Term

Long Term
Weightage

Weightage

Weightage

Weightage

Weightage
Interaction

Interaction

Interaction

Interaction

Interaction
Project Activities in Different Phases

Pre-construction
Land acquisition √ 3 -3 √ √ -3 -9 √ 5 -3 √ √ -3 -15 √ 4 -3 √ √ -3 -12
Resettlement site development
Mobilization of equipments, construction
materials/ vehicles
Clearing of sites √ 3 -2 √ √ -1 -3 √ 5 -1 √ √ -1 -5 √ 4 -3 √ √ -3 -12
Removing of top soils √ 4 -1 √ √ -1 -4
Earth filling and compaction √ 4 -1 √ √ -1 -4
Construction of civil amenities and development √ 3 -2 √ √ -1 -3 √ 3 -1 √ √ -1 -3

Plantation
Environmental Sanitation √ 5 3 √ 3 15
Construction
Main Bridge
Mobilization of equipments, construction
materials/ vehicles
Dredging of channels to bring barges √ 3 -2 √ √ -1 -3 √ 5 -1 √ √ -1 -5
Movement of barges on the river and
associated dredging
Construction
Co st uct o of
o sub-structure
sub st uctu e (pile
(p e ddriving,
g, spo
spoil √ 3 -2 √ √ -1 -33 √ 5 -33 √ √ -33 -155
disposal)
Erection and Casting √ 3 -2 √ √ -1 -3 √ 5 -1 √ √ -1 -5
Construction of superstructure √ 3 -2 √ √ -1 -3
Disposal of wastes √ 3 -3 √ √ -2 -6 √ 4 -2 √ √
River Training Works
Mobilization of equipments, construction
materials/ vehicles
Movement of dredges
Dredging for slope preparation √ 3 -2 √ √ -1 -3 √ 5 -3 √ √ -3 -15
Placing geo-textile & rocks on the slope
Construction of revetment/embankment

Disposal of dredge materials √ 3 -3 √ 5 -3 √ √ -3 -15 √ 4 -2 √ √ -1 -4

Padma Multipurpose Bridge Design Project

Final Report (Environmental Action Plan)
Environmental Impact Assessment Report
April 30, 2010 A4.2-10
Annex 4-2: Impact Assessment Matrix

16. Waste 17 Spoils 18 Religious & Cultural Sensitivity 19 Land Acquisition & Resettlement 20. Agriculture

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Environmental Components

Degree of Impact

Degree of Impact

Degree of Impact

Degree of Impact

Degree of Impact
Partly Mitigable

Partly Mitigable

Partly Mitigable

Partly Mitigable

Partly Mitigable
Fully Mitigable

Fully Mitigable

Fully Mitigable

Fully Mitigable

Fully Mitigable
Impact Value

Impact Value

Impact Value

Impact Value

Impact Value
Short Term

Short Term

Short Term

Short Term

Short Term
Long Term

Long Term

Long Term

Long Term

Long Term
Weightage

Weightage

Weightage

Weightage

Weightage
Interaction

Interaction

Interaction

Interaction

Interaction
Project Activities in Different Phases

Approach roads
Mobilization of equipments, construction
materials/ vehicles
Clearing of sites √ 3 -2 √ 5 -1 √ √ -1 -5 √ 4 -3 √ √ -3 -12
Removing of top soils √ 3 -1 √ 4 -1 √ √ -1 -4
Earth filling and compaction for road √ 3 -1 √ 4 -1 √ √ -1 -4
embankment
Black carpeting (bituminous carpet) √ 3 -1 √ √ -1 -3
Construction of road structures √ 3 -1 √ √ -1 -3 √ 3 -2 √ √ -1 -3 √ 4 -2 √ √ -1 -4
Waste disposal √ 3 -2 √ √ -1 -3 √ 4 -2 √ √
Provision for Approach rails
Mobilization of equipments, construction
materials/ vehicles
Clearing of sites √ 3 -2 √ √ -1 -3 √ 5 -1 √ √ -1 -5 √ 4 -3 √ √ -3 -12
Removing of top soils √ 3 -1 √ √ -1 -3 √ 4 -1 √ √ -1 -4
Earth filling and compaction for road √ 4 -1 √ √ -1 -4
embankment
Placing sleepers, crushed rocks, rails etc.
Construction of railway viaducts √ 3 -1 √ √ -1 -3 √ 3 -2 √ √ -1 -3 √ 4 -2 √ √ -1 -4
Construction of rail stations √ 3 -1 √ √ -1 -3 √ 4
Waste disposal √ 3 -2
Bridge end facilities
Mobilization of equipments, construction
materials/ vehicles
Clearing of sites √ 3 -2 √ √ -1 -3 √ 5 -1 √ √ -1 -5 √ 4 -3 √ √ -3 -12
Removing of top soils √ 3 -1 √ √ -1 -3 √ 4 -1 √ √ -1 -4
Earth filling and compaction √ 4 -1 √ √ -1 -4
Development of superstructure √ 3 -1 √ √ -1 -3
Waste disposal √ 3 -2 √ √ -1 -3

Padma Multipurpose Bridge Design Project

Final Report (Environmental Action Plan)
Environmental Impact Assessment Report
April 30, 2010 A4.2-11
Annex 4-2: Impact Assessment Matrix

16. Waste 17 Spoils 18 Religious & Cultural Sensitivity 19 Land Acquisition & Resettlement 20. Agriculture

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Environmental Components

Degree of Impact

Degree of Impact

Degree of Impact

Degree of Impact

Degree of Impact
Partly Mitigable

Partly Mitigable

Partly Mitigable

Partly Mitigable

Partly Mitigable
Fully Mitigable

Fully Mitigable

Fully Mitigable

Fully Mitigable

Fully Mitigable
Impact Value

Impact Value

Impact Value

Impact Value

Impact Value
Short Term

Short Term

Short Term

Short Term

Short Term
Long Term

Long Term

Long Term

Long Term

Long Term
Weightage

Weightage

Weightage

Weightage

Weightage
Interaction

Interaction

Interaction

Interaction

Interaction
Project Activities in Different Phases

Construction yards
Dredging for development of Construction Yards √ 3 -2 √ √ -1 -3 √ 5 -3 √ √ -2 -10

Mobilization of construction vehicles/materials

and and movement of barges/vehicles
Clearing of sites √ 3 -2 √ √ -1 -3 √ 5 -1 √ √ -1 -5 √ 4 -3 √ √ -3 -12
Removing of top soils √ 3 -1 √ √ -1 -3 √ 4 -1 √ √ -1 -4
Earth filling and compaction √ 4 -1 √ √ -1 -4
Development of facilities for construction √ 3 -1 √ √ -1 -3
activities
Storage, batch mix and fabrication √ 3 -2 √ √ -1 -3
Operation of Construction Yards √ 3 -3 √ √ -3 -9
Public utility crossings
Instillation of high pressure gas pipe
Installation of high voltage line
Installation of optical fibres
Operation & Maintenance and regional
development
Main Bridge
River Training Works
Approach roads √ 3 -1 √ √ √ 3 -1 √ √ -1 -3
Approach rails √ 3 -1 √ √ √ 3 -1 √ √ -1 -3
Bridge end facilities √ 3 -1 √ √
Public utility crossings
Associated components
Widening of National Highway (N8) √ 3 -1 √ √ -1 -3 √ 4
Railway connectivity √ 3 -1 √ √ -1 -3 √ 4 -2 √ √ -2 -8
Construction of public utilities √ 4 -2 √ √ -2 -8
Impacts at regional scale (induced impacts)
Road network development √ 3 -1 √ √ -1 -3 √ 5 -2 √ √ -2 -10 √ 4 -1 √ √ -2 -8
Roadside development √ 3 -2 √ √ -2 -6 √ 5 -2 √ √ -2 -10 √ 4 -1 √ √ -2 -8
Industrialization √ 3 -2 √ √ -2 -6 √ 5 -2 √ √ -2 -10 √ 4 -1 √ √ -2 -8
Railway network development √ 3 -1 √ √ -1 -3 √ 5 -2 √ √ -2 -10 √ 4 -1 √ √ -2 -8

Padma Multipurpose Bridge Design Project

Final Report (Environmental Action Plan)
Environmental Impact Assessment Report
April 30, 2010 A4.2-12
Annex 4-2: Impact Assessment Matrix

21 Navigation 22 Health, Safety and Hygiene 23 Employment & Poverty Reduction 24. Gender 25. Transport/Road Accidents

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Environmental Components

Degree of Impact

Degree of Impact

Degree of Impact

Degree of Impact

Degree of Impact
Partly Mitigable

Partly Mitigable

Partly Mitigable

Partly Mitigable

Partly Mitigable
Fully Mitigable

Fully Mitigable

Fully Mitigable

Fully Mitigable

Fully Mitigable
Impact Value

Impact Value

Impact Value

Impact Value

Impact Value
Short Term

Short Term

Short Term

Short Term

Short Term
Long Term

Long Term

Long Term

Long Term

Long Term
Weightage

Weightage

Weightage

Weightage

Weightage
Interaction

Interaction

Interaction

Interaction

Interaction
Project Activities in Different Phases

Pre-construction
Land acquisition √ 4 -2 √ √ -2 -8 √ 3 -2 √ √ -1 -3
Resettlement site development
Mobilization of equipments, construction √ 4 -2 √ √ -1 -4
materials/ vehicles
Clearing of sites √ 5 -1 √ √ -1 -5 √ 4 2 √ 1 4 √ 3 2 √ 1 3
Removing of top soils
Earth filling and compaction √ 5 -1 √ √ -1 -5 √ 4 2 √ 1 4 √ 3 2 √ 1 3
Construction of civil amenities and development √ 5 -2 √ √ -1 -5 √ 4 3 √ 2 8 √ 3 3 √ 2 6

Plantation
Environmental Sanitation √ 5 3 √ 3 15
Construction
Main Bridge
Mobilization of equipments, construction √ 4 -1 √ √ -1 -4 √ 4 -3 √ √ -3 -12
materials/ vehicles
Dredging of channels to bring barges √ 4 -1 √ √ -1 -4 √ 5 -1 √ √ -1 -5
Movement of barges on the river and √ 4 -3 √ √ -2 -8 √ 5 -1 √ √ -1 -5
associated dredging
Construction
Co st uct o of
o sub-structure
sub st uctu e (pile
(p e ddriving, spoil √
g, spo 4 -33 √ √ -2 -88 √ 5 -2 √ √ -1 -55 √ 4 3 √ 2 8
disposal)
Erection and Casting √ 4 -3 √ √ -2 -8 √ 4 2 √ 1 4
Construction of superstructure √ 4 -3 √ √ -2 -8 √ 5 -2 √ √ -1 -5 √ 4 3 √ 2 8
Disposal of wastes
River Training Works
Mobilization of equipments, construction √ 4 -2 √ √ -1 -4 √ 4 -3 √ √ -3 -12
materials/ vehicles
Movement of dredges √ 4 -3 √ √ -2 -8 √ 5 -1 √ √ -1 -5
Dredging for slope preparation √ 4 -3 √ √ -2 -8 √ 5 -2 √ √ -1 -5 √ 4 1 √ 1 4
Placing geo-textile & rocks on the slope √ 5 -2 √ √ -1 -5 √ 4 1 √ 1 4
Construction of revetment/embankment √ 4 -3 √ √ -2 -8 √ 4 1 √ 1 4

Disposal of dredge materials √ 4 1 √ 1 4 √ 3 1 √ 1 3

Padma Multipurpose Bridge Design Project

Final Report (Environmental Action Plan)
Environmental Impact Assessment Report
April 30, 2010 A4.2-13
Annex 4-2: Impact Assessment Matrix

21 Navigation 22 Health, Safety and Hygiene 23 Employment & Poverty Reduction 24. Gender 25. Transport/Road Accidents

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Environmental Components

Degree of Impact

Degree of Impact

Degree of Impact

Degree of Impact

Degree of Impact
Partly Mitigable

Partly Mitigable

Partly Mitigable

Partly Mitigable

Partly Mitigable
Fully Mitigable

Fully Mitigable

Fully Mitigable

Fully Mitigable

Fully Mitigable
Impact Value

Impact Value

Impact Value

Impact Value

Impact Value
Short Term

Short Term

Short Term

Short Term

Short Term
Long Term

Long Term

Long Term

Long Term

Long Term
Weightage

Weightage

Weightage

Weightage

Weightage
Interaction

Interaction

Interaction

Interaction

Interaction
Project Activities in Different Phases

Approach roads
Mobilization of equipments, construction √ 4 -2 √ √ -1 -4
materials/ vehicles
Clearing of sites √ 4 2 √ 1 4
Removing of top soils √ 4 2 √ 1 4 √ 3 2 √ 1 3
Earth filling and compaction for road √ 5 -1 √ √ 1 5 √ 4 1 √ 1 4 √ 3 1 √ 1 3
embankment
Black carpeting (bituminous carpet) √ 5 -2 √ √ 1 5 √ 4 1 √ 1 4 √ 3 1 √ 1 3
Construction of road structures √ 5 -2 √ √ 1 5 √ 4 3 √ 2 8 √ 3 3 √ 2 6
Waste disposal
Provision for Approach rails
Mobilization of equipments, construction √ 4 -2 √ √ -1 -4
materials/ vehicles
Clearing of sites
Removing of top soils √ 4 2 √ 1 4 √ 3 2 √ 1 3
Earth filling and compaction for road √ 5 -1 √ √ -1 -5 √ 4 2 √ 1 4 √ 3 2 √ 1 3
embankment
Placing sleepers, crushed rocks, rails etc. √ 5 -1 √ √ -1 -5 √ 4 1 √ 1 4 √ 3 1 √ 1 3
Construction of railway viaducts √ 5 -1 √ √ -1 -5 √ 4 3 √ 1 4 √ 3 3 √ 2 6
Construction of rail stations √ 5 -1 √ √ -1 -5 √ 4 2 √ 1 4 √ 3 2 √ 1 3
Waste disposal √ 5 -1 √ √ -1 -5
Bridge end facilities
Mobilization of equipments, construction √ 4 -2 √ √ -1 -4
materials/ vehicles
Clearing of sites √ 5 -1 √ √ -1 -5 √ 4 1 √ 1 4 √ 3 1 √ 1 3
Removing of top soils
Earth filling and compaction √ 5 -1 √ √ -1 -5 √ 4 1 √ 1 4 √ 3 1 √ 1 3
Development of superstructure √ 5 -1 √ √ -1 -5 √ 4 2 √ 1 4 √ 3 2 √ 1 3
Waste disposal

Padma Multipurpose Bridge Design Project

Final Report (Environmental Action Plan)
Environmental Impact Assessment Report
April 30, 2010 A4.2-14
Annex 4-2: Impact Assessment Matrix

21 Navigation 22 Health, Safety and Hygiene 23 Employment & Poverty Reduction 24. Gender 25. Transport/Road Accidents

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Environmental Components

Degree of Impact

Degree of Impact

Degree of Impact

Degree of Impact

Degree of Impact
Partly Mitigable

Partly Mitigable

Partly Mitigable

Partly Mitigable

Partly Mitigable
Fully Mitigable

Fully Mitigable

Fully Mitigable

Fully Mitigable

Fully Mitigable
Impact Value

Impact Value

Impact Value

Impact Value

Impact Value
Short Term

Short Term

Short Term

Short Term

Short Term
Long Term

Long Term

Long Term

Long Term

Long Term
Weightage

Weightage

Weightage

Weightage

Weightage
Interaction

Interaction

Interaction

Interaction

Interaction
Project Activities in Different Phases

Construction yards
Dredging for development of Construction Yards √ 4 -3 √ √ -2 -8 √ 5 -2 √ √ -1 -5 √ 4 1 √ 1 4

Mobilization of construction vehicles/materials √ 4 -3 √ √ -2 -8 √ 4 -3 √ √ -2 -8

and and movement of barges/vehicles
Clearing of sites √ 5 -3 √ √ -1 -5 √ 4 1 √ 1 4 √ 3 1 √ 1 3
Removing of top soils
Earth filling and compaction √ 5 -1 √ √ -1 -5 √ 4 1 √ 1 4 √ 3 1 √ 1 3
Development of facilities for construction √ 5 -1 √ √ -1 -5 √ 4 2 √ 1 4 √ 3 2 √ 1 3
activities
Storage, batch mix and fabrication √ 5 -1 √ √ -1 -5 √ 4 2 √ 1 4
Operation of Construction Yards √ 4 -3 √ √ -2 -8 √ 5 -3 √ √ -2 -10 √ 4 3 √ 2 8 √ 3 3 √ 2 6 √ 4 -3 √ √ -1 -4
Public utility crossings
Instillation of high pressure gas pipe √ 5 -2 √ √ -2 -10 √ 4 2 √ 1 4
Installation of high voltage line √ 5 -2 √ √ -2 -10 √ 4 2 √ 1 4
Installation of optical fibres √ 5 -2 √ √ -1 -5 √ 4 2 √ 1 4
Operation & Maintenance and regional
development
Main Bridge √ 5 √ 4 1 √ 1 4 √ 3 1 √ 1 3 √ 4 3 √ 3 12
River Training Works √ 4 1 √ 1 4 √ 3 1 √ 1 3
Approach roads √ 4 2 √ 2 8 √ 3 2 √ 2 6 √ 4 3 √ 3 12
Approach rails √ 4 2 √ 2 8 √ 3 2 √ 2 6 √ 4 3 √ 3 12
Bridge end facilities √ 4 1 √ 1 4 √ 3 1 √ 1 3
Public utility crossings √ 4 1 √ 1 4 √ 3 1 √ 1 3
Associated components
Widening of National Highway (N8) √ 5 -1 √ √ -1 -5 √ 4 2 √ 2 8 √ 3 2 √ 2 6 √ 4 3 √ 3 12
Railway connectivity √ 5 -1 √ √ -1 -5 √ 4 2 √ 2 8 √ 3 2 √
Construction of public utilities √ 4 1 √ 1 4 √ 3 1 √
Impacts at regional scale (induced impacts)
Road network development √ 5 2 √ √ 2 10 √ 4 3 √ 3 12 √ 3 3 √ √ 4 3 √ 3 12
Roadside development √ 5 -1 √ √ -1 -5 √ 4 2 √ 2 8 √ 3 2 √ √ 4 3 √ 3 12
Industrialization √ 5 -1 √ √ -1 -5 √ 4 3 √ 3 12 √ 3 3 √ √ 4 3 √ 3 12
Railway network development √ 5 2 √ √ 2 10 √ 4 3 √ 3 12 √ 3 3 √ √ 4 3 √ 3 12

Padma Multipurpose Bridge Design Project

Final Report (Environmental Action Plan)
Environmental Impact Assessment Report
April 30, 2010 A4.2-15
Annex 4-2: Impact Assessment Matrix

26 Non Road Accidents 27. Landuse

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Environmental Components

Degree of Impact

Degree of Impact
Partly Mitigable

Partly Mitigable
Fully Mitigable

Fully Mitigable
Impact Value

Impact Value
Short Term

Short Term
Long Term

Long Term
Weightage

Weightage
Interaction

Interaction
Project Activities in Different Phases

Pre-construction
Land acquisition
Resettlement site development
Mobilization of equipments, construction
materials/ vehicles
Clearing of sites
Removing of top soils
Earth filling and compaction √ 2 -1 √ √ -1 -2
Construction of civil amenities and development √ 2 2 √ 2 4

Plantation √ 2 2 √ 2 4
Environmental Sanitation √ 2 2 √ 2 4
Construction
Main Bridge
Mobilization of equipments, construction
materials/ vehicles
Dredging of channels to bring barges
Movement of barges on the river and
associated dredging
Construction
Co st uct o of
o sub-structure
sub st uctu e (pile
(p e ddriving,
g, spo
spoil
disposal)
Erection and Casting
Construction of superstructure
Disposal of wastes
River Training Works
Mobilization of equipments, construction
materials/ vehicles
Movement of dredges
Dredging for slope preparation
Placing geo-textile & rocks on the slope
Construction of revetment/embankment

Disposal of dredge materials √ 2 -3 √ √ -3 -6

Padma Multipurpose Bridge Design Project

Final Report (Environmental Action Plan)
Environmental Impact Assessment Report
April 30, 2010 A4.2-16
Annex 4-2: Impact Assessment Matrix

26 Non Road Accidents 27. Landuse

Composite Rating Vale

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Environmental Components

Degree of Impact

Degree of Impact
Partly Mitigable

Partly Mitigable
Fully Mitigable

Fully Mitigable
Impact Value

Impact Value
Short Term

Short Term
Long Term

Long Term
Weightage

Weightage
Interaction

Interaction
Project Activities in Different Phases

Approach roads
Mobilization of equipments, construction
materials/ vehicles
Clearing of sites
Removing of top soils
Earth filling and compaction for road √ 2 -1 √ √ -1 -2
embankment
Black carpeting (bituminous carpet)
Construction of road structures √ 2 2 √ 2 4
Waste disposal √ 2 -1 √ √ -1 -2
Provision for Approach rails
Mobilization of equipments, construction
materials/ vehicles
Clearing of sites
Removing of top soils
Earth filling and compaction for road √ 2 -1 √ √ -1 -2
embankment
Placing sleepers, crushed rocks, rails etc.
Construction of railway viaducts √ 2 2 √ 2 4
Construction of rail stations √ 2 2 √ 2 4
Waste disposal √ 2 -1 √ √ -1 -2
Bridge end facilities
Mobilization of equipments, construction
materials/ vehicles
Clearing of sites
Removing of top soils
Earth filling and compaction √ 2 -1 √ √ -1 -2
Development of superstructure √ 2 3 √ 3 6
Waste disposal √ 2 -2 √ √ -1 -2

Padma Multipurpose Bridge Design Project

Final Report (Environmental Action Plan)
Environmental Impact Assessment Report
April 30, 2010 A4.2-17
Annex 4-2: Impact Assessment Matrix

26 Non Road Accidents 27. Landuse

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Environmental Components

Degree of Impact

Degree of Impact
Partly Mitigable

Partly Mitigable
Fully Mitigable

Fully Mitigable
Impact Value

Impact Value
Short Term

Short Term
Long Term

Long Term
Weightage

Weightage
Interaction

Interaction
Project Activities in Different Phases

Construction yards
Dredging for development of Construction Yards

Mobilization of construction vehicles/materials

and and movement of barges/vehicles
Clearing of sites
Removing of top soils
Earth filling and compaction √ 2 -1 √ √ -1 -2
Development of facilities for construction √ 2 3 √ 3 6
activities
Storage, batch mix and fabrication
Operation of Construction Yards
Public utility crossings
Instillation of high pressure gas pipe √ 3 -2 √ √ -2 -6
Installation of high voltage line √ 3 -2 √ √ -2 -6
Installation of optical fibres √ 3 -2 √ √ -1 -3
Operation & Maintenance and regional
development
Main Bridge
River Training Works
Approach roads
Approach rails
Bridge end facilities
Public utility crossings
Associated components
Widening of National Highway (N8) √ 2 -2 √ √ -2 -4
Railway connectivity √ 2 -2 √ √ -2 -4
Construction of public utilities
Impacts at regional scale (induced impacts)
Road network development √ 2 -2 √ √ -2 -4
Roadside development √ 2 -2 √ √ -2 -4
Industrialization √ 3 -1 √ √ -1 -3 √ 2 -3 √ √ -3 -6
Railway network development √ 3 -1 √ √ -1 -3 √ 2 -2 √ √ -2 -4

Padma Multipurpose Bridge Design Project

Final Report (Environmental Action Plan)
Environmental Impact Assessment Report
April 30, 2010 A4.2-18
Annex 4-3: Scoring of Environmental Impacts

Physical Environment Ecological Environment Environment Quality Social Environment

Environmental Components

Relig./Cultur. Sensitivity

Employment & Poverty

Fisheries/ Aquatic Life

Surface Water Quality

Top Soil/Bed Material

Land Acqu. & Resett.

Groundwater Quality

Non Road Accidents

Health, Safety and
Navigation/Water

Transport/Road
Erosion/Scour

Noise Quality
Topography

Soil Quality
Char lands
Vegetation

Agriculture
River Flow

Air Quality

Reduction
Accidents

Accidents
Wetlands
Drainage

Wild Life

Landuse
Hygiene

Gender
Project Activities in Different Phases

Waste

Spoils
Pre-construction
Land acquisition -10 -10 -10 -4 -9 -15 -12 -8 -3

Resettlement site development

Mobilization of equipments, construction materials/ -3 -4 -4
vehicles
Clearing of sites -5 -15 -3 -5 -12 -5 4 3

Removing of top soils -6 -4 -5 -4

Earth filling and compaction -2 6 -3 -4 -10 -8 -3 -4 -3 -4 -5 4 3 -2

Construction of civil amenities and development -4 -3 -3 -5 8 6 4

Plantation 15 6 4

Environmental Sanitation 9 6 15 15 4

Construction
Main Bridge
Mobilization of equipments, construction materials/ -3 -4 -4 -12
vehicles
Dredging of channels to bring barges -3 -4 -3 -10 -5 -4 -3 -3 -5 -4 -5

Movement of barges on the river and associated -4 -8 -3 -3 -4 -8 -5

dredging
Construction of sub-structure (pile driving, spoil -6 -4 -15 -10 -8 -6 -12 -3 -15 -8 -5 8
disposal)
Erection and Casting -3 -4 -3 -5 -8 4

Construction of superstructure -3 -6 -8 -3 -8 -5 8

Disposal of wastes -5 -4 -6 -3 -6

River Training Works

Mobilization of equipments, construction materials/ -3 -8 -4 -12
vehicles
Movement of dredges -4 -5 -8 -3 -3 -4 -8 -5

Dredging for slope preparation -6 -8 -4 -15 -5 -10 -8 -3 -6 -4 -3 -15 -8 -5 4

Placing geo-textile & rocks on the slope -4 -5 -5 -6 -5 4

Construction of revetment/embankment −3 -4 -6 -4 -5 -5 -15 -8 -6 -6 -8 -8 4

Disposal of dredge materials -4 -3 -6 -8 -15 -5 -8 -6 -3 -3 -15 -4 4 3 -6

Padma Multipurpose Bridge Design Project

Final Report (Environmental Action Plan)
Environmental Impact Assessment Report
April 30, 2010 A4.3-1
Annex 4-3: Scoring of Environmental Impacts

Physical Environment Ecological Environment Environment Quality Social Environment

Environmental Components

Relig./Cultur. Sensitivity

Employment & Poverty

Fisheries/ Aquatic Life

Surface Water Quality

Top Soil/Bed Material

Land Acqu. & Resett.

Groundwater Quality

Non Road Accidents

Health, Safety and
Navigation/Water

Transport/Road
Erosion/Scour

Noise Quality
Topography

Soil Quality
Char lands
Vegetation

Agriculture
River Flow

Air Quality

Reduction
Accidents

Accidents
Wetlands
Drainage

Wild Life

Landuse
Hygiene

Gender
Project Activities in Different Phases

Waste

Spoils
Approach roads
Mobilization of equipments, construction materials/ -3 -8 -4
vehicles
Clearing of sites -5 -15 -4 -5 -12 4

Removing of top soils -6 -4 -5 -4 4 3

Earth filling and compaction for road embankment -2 6 -6 -4 -5 -5 -5 -8 -3 -3 -4 -4 5 4 3 -2

Black carpeting (bituminous carpet) -2 -6 -3 -3 5 4 3

Construction of road structures -2 -3 -6 -4 -5 -6 -3 -4 -3 -3 -3 -4 5 8 6 4

Waste disposal -5 -4 -3 -3 -3 -2

Provision for Approach rails

Mobilization of equipments, construction materials/ -3 -8 -4
vehicles
Clearing of sites -5 -10 -3 -5 -12

Removing of top soils -6 -4 -5 -3 -3 -4 4 3

Earth filling and compaction for road embankment -4 3 -6 -4 -5 -5 -5 -8 -3 -3 -4 -3 -4 -5 4 3 -2

Placing sleepers, crushed rocks, rails etc. -4 -5 4 3

Construction of railway viaducts -2 -3 -5 -5 -10 -4 -6 -4 -3 -3 -3 -4 -5 4 6 4

Construction of rail stations -4 -5 -5 -5 -4 -3 -3 -4 -3 -3 -5 4 3 4

Waste disposal -5 -3 -3 -5 -2

Bridge end facilities

Mobilization of equipments, construction materials/ -3 -8 -4
vehicles
Clearing of sites -10 -10 -4 -3 -5 -12 -5 4 3

Removing of top soils -3 -4 -5 -3 -4

Earth filling and compaction -2 3 -4 -5 -8 -3 -3 -4 -3 -4 -5 4 3 -2

Development of superstructure -4 -3 -5 4 3 6

Waste disposal -5 -5 -3 -3 -3 -2

Construction yards
Dredging for development of Construction Yards −6 -4 -3 -4 -15 -5 -10 -8 -3 -6 -4 -3 -10 -8 -5 4

Mobilization of construction vehicles/materials and -4 -3 -3 -8 -8 -8

and movement of barges/vehicles

Padma Multipurpose Bridge Design Project

Final Report (Environmental Action Plan)
Environmental Impact Assessment Report
April 30, 2010 A4.3-2
Annex 4-3: Scoring of Environmental Impacts

Physical Environment Ecological Environment Environment Quality Social Environment

Environmental Components

Relig./Cultur. Sensitivity

Employment & Poverty

Fisheries/ Aquatic Life

Surface Water Quality

Top Soil/Bed Material

Land Acqu. & Resett.

Groundwater Quality

Non Road Accidents

Health, Safety and
Navigation/Water

Transport/Road
Erosion/Scour

Noise Quality
Topography

Soil Quality
Char lands
Vegetation

Agriculture
River Flow

Air Quality

Reduction
Accidents

Accidents
Wetlands
Drainage

Wild Life

Landuse
Hygiene

Gender
Project Activities in Different Phases

Waste

Spoils
Clearing of sites -5 -10 -3 -5 -12 -5 4 3

Removing of top soils -3 -4 -5 -3 -4

Earth filling and compaction -2 3 -4 -5 -8 -4 -3 -4 -5 4 3 -2

Development of facilities for construction activities -4 -8 -3 -5 4 3 6

Storage, batch mix and fabrication -4 -6 -9 -8 -3 -3 -5 4

Operation of Construction Yards -6 -8 -5 -5 -9 -9 -9 -8 -3 -9 -8 -10 8 6 -4

Public Utility Crossings

Instillation of high pressure gas pipe -4 -10 4 -6

Installation of high voltage line -4 -10 4 -6

Installation of optical fibers -4 -5 4 -3

Operation & Maintenance and regional

development
Main Bridge -4 -8 8 -3 -8 -3 4 3 12

River Training Works 12 15 -3 4 3

Approach roads -6 15 -9 -3 -8 -3 -3 8 6 12

Approach rails -3 -3 -8 -3 -3 8 6 12

Bridge end facilities -4 4 3

Public utility crossings 4 3

Associated components
Widening of National Highway (N8) 4 -3 -3 -5 -5 -9 -2 -3 -3 -5 8 6 12 -4

Railway connectivity 4 -3 -5 -5 -3 -3 -2 -3 -3 -8 -5 8 -4

Construction of public utilities -5 -4 -3 -8 4

Impacts at regional scale (induced impacts)

Road network development 4 3 -3 -5 -5 -5 -8 -9 -3 -3 -3 -10 -8 10 12 12 -4

Roadside development 4 3 -3 -5 -5 -5 -8 -3 -6 -6 -6 -10 -8 -5 8 12 -4

Industrialization 4 3 -3 -5 -5 -5 -8 -6 -6 -6 -3 -6 -10 -8 -5 12 12 -3 -6

Railway network development 4 3 -3 -5 -5 -5 -8 -3 -3 -3 -3 -3 -10 -8 10 12 12 -3 -4

Padma Multipurpose Bridge Design Project

Final Report (Environmental Action Plan)
Environmental Impact Assessment Report
April 30, 2010 A4.3-3
 Annex 8-1

Annex 8-1: Environmental Code of Practices

Introduction
The objective of preparation of the Environmental Code of Practices (ECP) is to address less
significant environmental impacts and all general construction related impacts of the proposed project
implementation. The ECPs will provide guidelines for best operating practices and environmental
management guidelines to be followed by the contractors for sustainable management of all
environmental issues. This ECP will be annexed in the general conditions of all the contracts carried
out under the PMBP.

The list of ECPs prepared for the PMBP is given below:

 ECP 1: Waste Management

 ECP 2: Fuels and Hazardous Goods Management
 ECP 3: Water Resources Management
 ECP 4: Drainage Management
 ECP 5: Soil Quality Management
 ECP 6: Erosion and Sediment Control
 ECP 7: Top Soil Management
 ECP 8: Topography and Landscaping
 ECP 9: Borrow Areas Development & Operation
 ECP 10: Air Quality Management
 ECP 11: Noise and Vibration Management
 ECP 12: Protection of Flora
 ECP 13: Protection of Fauna
 ECP 14: Protection of Fisheries
 ECP 15: Road Transport and Road Traffic Management
 ECP 16: River Transport management
 ECP 17: Construction Camp Management
 ECP 18: Cultural and Religious Issues
 ECP 19: Workers Health and Safety

The Contractor can also prepare a ‘Construction Environmental Action Plan’ (CEAP) demonstrating
the manner in which the Contractor will comply with the requirements of ECPs and the mitigation
measures proposed in the EMMP of the EIA Report. The CEAP will form the part of the contract
documents and will be used as monitoring tool for compliance. Violation of the compliance
requirements will be treated as non-compliance leading to the corrections or otherwise imposing
penalty on the contractors.

Padma Multipurpose Bridge Design Project

Final Report (Environmental Action Plan)
Environmental Impact Assessment Report A8-1
June 7, 2010
 Annex 8-1

ECP 1: Waste Management

Project Activity/ Environmental Impacts Mitigation Measures/ Management Guidelines
Impact Source
General Waste Soil and water pollution from the The Contractor shall
improper management of wastes  Develop waste management plan for various specific waste streams (e.g., reusable waste,
and excess materials from the flammable waste, construction debris, food waste etc.) prior to commencing of
construction sites. construction and submit to BBA for approval.
 Organize disposal of all wastes generated during construction in an environmentally
acceptable manner. This will include consideration of the nature and location of disposal
site, so as to cause less environmental impact.
 Minimize the production of waste materials by 3R (Reduce, Recycle and Reuse) approach.
 Segregate and reuse or recycle all the wastes, wherever practical.
 Prohibit burning of solid waste
 Collect and transport non-hazardous wastes to all the approved disposal sites. Vehicles
transporting solid waste shall be covered with tarps or nets to prevent spilling waste along
the route
 Train and instruct all personnel in waste management practices and procedures as a
component of the environmental induction process.
 Provide refuse containers at each worksite.
 Request suppliers to minimize packaging where practicable.
 Place a high emphasis on good housekeeping practices.
 Maintain all construction sites in a cleaner, tidy and safe condition and provide and
maintain appropriate facilities as temporary storage of all wastes before transportation and
final disposal.
Hazardous Waste Health hazards and The Contractor shall
environmental impacts due to  Collect chemical wastes in 200 liter drums (or similar sealed container), appropriately
improper waste management labeled for safe transport to an approved chemical waste depot.
practices  Store, transport and handle all chemicals avoiding potential environmental pollution.
 Store all hazardous wastes appropriately in bunded areas away from water courses.
 Make available Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS) for hazardous materials on-site
during construction.
 Collect hydrocarbon wastes, including lube oils, for safe transport off-site for reuse,

Padma Multipurpose Bridge Design Project

Final Report (Environmental Action Plan)
Environmental Impact Assessment Report A8-2
June 7, 2010
 Annex 8-1

recycling, treatment or disposal at approved locations.

 Construct concrete or other impermeable flooring to prevent seepage in case of spills

ECP 2: Fuels and Hazardous Goods Management

Project Activity/ Environmental Impacts Mitigation Measures/ Management Guidelines
Impact Source
Fuels and Materials used in construction The Contractor shall
hazardous goods. have a potential to be a source of  Prepare spill control procedures and submit the plan for BBA approval.
contamination. Improper storage  Train the relevant construction personnel in handling of fuels and spill control procedures.
and handling of fuels, lubricants,
chemicals and hazardous  Store dangerous goods in bunded areas on a top of a sealed plastic sheet away from
goods/materials on-site, and watercourses.
potential spills from these goods  Refueling shall occur only within bunded areas.
may harm the environment or  Make available MSDS for chemicals and dangerous goods on-site.
health of construction workers.
 Transport waste of dangerous goods, which cannot be recycled, to a designated disposal
site approved by DOE.
 Provide absorbent and containment material (e.g., absorbent matting) where hazardous
material are used and stored and personnel trained in the correct use.
 Provide protective clothing, safety boots, helmets, masks, gloves, goggles, to the
construction personnel, appropriate to materials in use.
 Make sure all containers, drums, and tanks that are used for storage are in good condition
and are labeled with expiry date. Any container, drum, or tank that is dented, cracked, or
rusted might eventually leak. Check for leakage regularly to identify potential problems
before they occur.
 Store hazardous materials above flood plain level.
 Put containers and drums in temporary storages in clearly marked areas, where they will
not be run over by vehicles or heavy machinery. The area shall preferably slope or
drain to a safe collection area in the event of a spill.
 Put containers and drums in permanent storage areas on an impermeable floor that slopes
to a safe collection area in the event of a spill or leak.
 Take all precautionary measures when handling and storing fuels and lubricants, avoiding
environmental pollution.
 Avoid the use of material with greater potential for contamination by substituting them with
more environmentally friendly materials.

Padma Multipurpose Bridge Design Project

Final Report (Environmental Action Plan)
Environmental Impact Assessment Report A8-3
June 7, 2010
 Annex 8-1

Project Activity/ Environmental Impacts Mitigation Measures/ Management Guidelines

Impact Source
 Return the gas cylinders to the supplier. However, if they are not empty prior to their
return, they must be labeled with the name of the material they contained or
contain, information on the supplier, cylinder serial number, pressure, their last hydrostatic
test date, and any additional identification marking that may be considered necessary.

ECP 3: Water Resources Management

Project Activity/ Environmental Impacts Mitigation Measures/ Management Guidelines
Impact Source
Hazardous Material Water pollution from the storage, The Contractor shall
and Waste handling and disposal of  Follow the management guidelines proposed in ECPs 1 and 2.
hazardous materials and general  Minimize the generation of sediment, oil and grease, excess nutrients, organic matter,
construction waste, and litter, debris and any form of waste (particularly petroleum and chemical wastes). These
accidental spillage substances must not enter waterways, storm water systems or underground water tables
Discharge from During construction both surface The Contractor shall
construction sites and groundwater quality may be  Install temporary drainage works (channels and bunds) in areas required for sediment and
deteriorated due to construction erosion control and around storage areas for construction materials
activities in the river, sewerages  Install temporary sediment basins, where appropriate, to capture sediment-laden run-off
from construction sites and work from site
camps. The construction works
will modify groundcover and  Divert runoff from undisturbed areas around the construction site
topography changing the surface  Stockpile materials away from drainage lines
water drainage patterns of the  Prevent all solid and liquid wastes entering waterways by collecting solid waste, oils,
area including infiltration and chemicals, bitumen spray waste and wastewaters from brick, concrete and asphalt cutting
storage of storm water. These where possible and transport to a approved waste disposal site or recycling depot
changes in hydrological regime
lead to increased rate of runoff,  Wash out ready-mix concrete agitators and concrete handling equipment at washing
increase in sediment and facilities off site or into approved bunded areas on site. Ensure that tires of construction
contaminant loading, increased vehicles are cleaned in the washing bay (constructed at the entrance of the construction
flooding, groundwater site) to remove the mud from the wheels. This should be done in every exit of each
contamination, and effect habitat construction vehicle to ensure the local roads are kept clean.
of fish and other aquatic biology.

Padma Multipurpose Bridge Design Project

Final Report (Environmental Action Plan)
Environmental Impact Assessment Report A8-4
June 7, 2010
 Annex 8-1

Project Activity/ Environmental Impacts Mitigation Measures/ Management Guidelines

Impact Source

Soil Erosion and Soil erosion and dust from the The Contractor shall
siltation material stockpiles will increase  Stabilize the cleared areas not used for construction activities with vegetation or
the sediment and contaminant appropriate surface water treatments as soon as practicable following earthwork to
loading of surface water bodies. minimize erosion
 Ensure that roads used by construction vehicles are swept regularly to remove sediment.
 Water the material stockpiles, access roads and bare soils on an as required basis to
minimize dust. Increase the watering frequency during periods of high risk (e.g. high
winds)

Construction Construction works in the water The Contractor Shall

activities in water bodies will increase sediment and  Dewater sites by pumping water to a sediment basin prior to release off site – do not pump
bodies contaminant loading, and effect directly off site
habitat of fish and other aquatic  Monitor the water quality in the runoff from the site or areas affected by dredge plumes,
biology. and improve work practices as necessary
 Protect water bodies from sediment loads by silt screen or bubble curtains or other barriers
 Minimize the generation of sediment, oil and grease, excess nutrients, organic matter,
litter, debris and any form of waste (particularly petroleum and chemical wastes). These
substances must not enter waterways, storm water systems or underground water tables.
 Use environment friendly and non toxic slurry during construction of piles to discharge into
the river.
 Reduce infiltration of contaminated drainage through storm water management design
 Do not discharge cement and water curing used for cement concrete directly into water
courses and drainage inlets.

Drinking water Groundwater at shallow depths is The Contractor Shall

contaminated with arsenic and  Pumping of groundwater should be from deep aquifers of more than 300 m to supply
hence not suitable for drinking arsenic free water. Safe and sustainable discharges are to be ascertained prior to
purposes. selection of pumps.
 Tube wells will be installed with due regard for the surface environment, protection of
groundwater from surface contaminants, and protection of aquifer cross contamination
 All tube wells, test holes, monitoring wells that are no longer in use or needed shall be

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Impact Source
properly decommissioned
Depletion and pollution of  Install monitoring wells both upstream and downstream areas near construction yards and
groundwater resources construction camps to regularly monitor the water quality and water levels.
 Protect groundwater supplies of adjacent lands

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June 7, 2010
 Annex 8-1

ECP 4: Drainage Management

Project Activity/ Environmental Impacts Mitigation Measures/ Management Guidelines
Impact Source
Excavation and Lack of proper drainage for The Contractor shall
earth works, and rainwater/liquid waste or  Prepare a program for prevent/avoid standing waters, which CSC will verify in advance
construction yards wastewater owing to the and confirm during implementation
construction activities harms  Provide alternative drainage for rainwater if the construction works/earth-fillings cut the
environment in terms of water and established drainage line
soil contamination, and mosquito
growth.  Establish local drainage line with appropriate silt collector and silt screen for rainwater or
wastewater connecting to the existing established drainage lines already there
 Rehabilitate road drainage structures immediately if damaged by contractors’ road
transports.
 Build new drainage lines as appropriate and required for wastewater from construction
yards connecting to the available nearby recipient water bodies. Ensure wastewater quality
conforms to the relevant standards provided by DOE, before it being discharged into the
recipient water bodies.
 Ensure the internal roads/hard surfaces in the construction yards/construction camps that
generate has storm water drainage to accommodate high runoff during downpour and that
there is no stagnant water in the area at the end of the downpour.
 Construct wide drains instead of deep drains to avoid sand deposition in the drains that
require frequent cleaning.
 Provide appropriate silt collector and silt screen at the inlet and manholes and periodically
clean the drainage system to avoid drainage congestion
 Protect natural slopes of drainage channels to ensure adequate storm water drains.
 Regularly inspect and maintain all drainage channels to assess and alleviate any drainage
congestion problem.
 Reduce infiltration of contaminated drainage through storm water management design
Ponding of water Health hazards due to mosquito  Do not allow ponding of water especially near the waste storage areas and construction
breeding camps
 Discard all the storage containers that are capable of storing of water, after use or store
them in inverted position

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 Annex 8-1

ECP 5: Soil Quality Management

Project Activity/ Environmental Impacts Mitigation Measures/ Management Guidelines
Impact Source
Filling of Sites with Soil contamination will occur from The Contractor shall
dredge materials drainage of dredged materials  Ensure that dredged sand used for land filling should be free of pollutants. Prior to filling,
sand quality should be tested to confirm whether soil is pollution free. Sediments should
be properly compacted. Top layer should be the 0.5 m thick clay on the surface and
boundary slopes along with grass. Side Slope of Filled Land of 1:2 should be constructed
by suitable soils with proper compaction as per design. Slope surface should be covered
by top soils/ cladding materials (0.5m thick) and grass turfing with suitable grass.
 Leaching from the sediments should be contained to seep into the subsoil or should be
discharged into settling lagoons before final disposal.
 No sediment laden water in the adjacent lands near the construction sites, and/or
wastewater of suspended materials excessive of 200mg/l from dredge material
storage/use area in the adjacent agricultural lands.
Storage of Spillage of hazardous and toxic The Contractor shall
hazardous and chemicals will contaminate the  Strictly manage the wastes management plans proposed in ECP1 and storage of materials
toxic chemicals soils in ECP2
 Construct appropriate spill contaminant facilities for all fuel storage areas
 Establish and maintain a hazardous materials register detailing the location and quantities
of hazardous substances including the storage, use of disposals
 Train personnel and implement safe work practices for minimizing the risk of spillage
 Identify the cause of contamination, if it is reported, and contain the area of contamination.
The impact may be contained by isolating the source or implementing controls around the
affected site
 Remediate the contaminated land using the most appropriate available method to achieve
required commercial/industrial guideline validation results
Construction Erosion from construction material The Contractor shall
material stock piles stockpiles may contaminate the  Protect the toe of all stockpiles, where erosion is likely to occur, with silt fences, straw
soils bales or bunds

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 Annex 8-1

ECP 6: Erosion and Sediment Control

Project Activity/ Environmental Impacts Mitigation Measures/ Management Guidelines
Impact Source
Clearing of Cleared areas and slopes are  Reinstate and protect cleared areas as soon as possible.
construction sites susceptible for erosion of top  Mulch to protect batter slopes before planting
soils, that affects the growth of
vegetation which causes  Cover unused area of disturbed or exposed surfaces immediately with mulch/grass
ecological imbalance. turfings/tree plantations
Construction The impact of soil erosion are (i) The Contractor shall
activities and Increased run off and  Locate stockpiles away from drainage lines
material stockpiles sedimentation causing a greater  Protect the toe of all stockpiles, where erosion is likely to occur, with silt fences, straw
flood hazard to the downstream, bales or bunds
(ii) destruction of aquatic
environment in nearby lakes,  Remove debris from drainage paths and sediment control structures
streams, and reservoirs caused  Cover the loose sediments and water them if required
by erosion and/or deposition of  Divert natural runoff around construction areas prior to any site disturbance
sediment damaging the spawning
grounds of fish, and (iii)  Install protective measures on site prior to construction, for example, sediment traps
destruction of vegetation by  Control drainage through a site in protected channels or slope drains
burying or gullying.  Install ‘cut off drains’ on large cut/fill batter slopes to control water runoff speed and hence
erosion
 Observe the performance of drainage structures and erosion controls during rain and
modify as required.

ECP 7: Top Soil Management

Project Activity/ Environmental Impacts Mitigation Measures/ Management Guidelines
Impact Source
Land clearing and Earthworks will impact the fertile The Contractor shall
earth works top soils that are enriched with  Strip the top soil to a depth of 15 cm and store in stock piles of height not exceeding 2m.
nutrients required for plant growth  Remove unwanted materials from top soil like grass, roots of trees and similar others.
or agricultural development.
 The stockpiles will be done in slopes of 2:1 to reduce surface runoff and enhance
percolation through the mass of stored soil.

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 Locate topsoil stockpiles in areas outside drainage lines and protect from erosion.
 Construct diversion channels and silt fences around the topsoil stockpiles to prevent
erosion and loss of topsoil.
 Spread the topsoil to maintain the physico-chemical and biological activity of the soil. The
stored top soil will be utilized for covering all disturbed area and along the proposed
plantation sites
 Prior to the re-spreading of topsoil, the ground surface will be ripped to assist the bunding
of the soil layers, water penetration and revegetation
Transport Vehicular movement outside  Limit equipment and vehicular movements to within the approved construction zone
ROW or temporary access roads  Construct temporary access tracks to cross concentrated water flow lines at right angles
will affect the soil fertility of the
agricultural lands  Plan construction access to make use, if possible, of the final road alignment
 Use vehicle-cleaning devices, for example, ramps or wash down areas

ECP 8: Topography and Landscaping

Project Activity/ Environmental Impacts Mitigation Measures/ Management Guidelines
Impact Source
Land clearing and Flood plains of the existing The Contractor shall
earth works Project area will be affected by  Ensure the topography of the final surface of all raised lands (construction yards, approach
the construction of various project roads and rails, access roads, bridge end facilities, etc.) are conducive to enhance natural
activities. Construction activities draining of rainwater/flood water;
especially earthworks will change  Keep the final or finished surface of all the raised lands free from any kind of depression
topography and disturb the that insists water logging
natural rainwater/flood water
drainage as well as will change  Undertake mitigation measures for erosion control/prevention by grass-turfing and tree
the local landscape. plantation, where there is a possibility of rain-cut that will change the shape of topography.
 Cover immediately the uncovered open surface that has no use of construction activities
with grass-cover and tree plantation to prevent soil erosion and bring improved
landscaping

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June 7, 2010
 Annex 8-1

ECP 9: Borrow Areas Development & Operation

Project Activity/ Environmental Impacts Mitigation Measures/ Management Guidelines
Impact Source
Development and Generally dredge materials will be The Contractor shall
operation of borrow used as borrow material for filling  Use dredge materials from the Padma river as borrow materials to the maximum extent
areas of construction sites to the 100 possible
year flood level. In case, the  Identify borrow pits in consultation with the local governments and BBA.
borrow pits developed by the
Contractor, there will be impacts  Obtain the borrow material from:
on local topography, landscaping  barren land or land without tree cover outside the road reserve;
and natural drainage.  excavating land and creating new water tanks/ponds;
 land acquired temporarily outside the road reserve;
 excavation of proposed culverts;
 Do not dug the borrow pits within 5m of the toe of the final section of the road
embankment.
 Dig the borrow pits continuously. Ridges of not less than 8 m widths shall be left at
intervals not exceeding 300 m and small drains should be cut through the ridges to
facilitate drainage
 Slope the bed level of the borrow pits, as far as possible, down progressively towards the
nearest cross drain, if any, and do not lower it than the bed of the cross-drain, to ensure
efficient drainage. .
 Do not dig the depth of borrow pits exceeding 45 cm when it becomes necessary to
borrow earth from temporarily acquired cultivable lands. Strip the topsoil to a depth of 15
cm and stockpile for later rehabilitation of the pit. Thereafter, dug out soil to a further depth
not exceeding 30 cm and use in forming the embankment. Spread the stockpiled top soil
back on the land once the borrow pit is no longer required.
 Do not locate the borrow pits within 500 m of any identified archaeological, religious or
cultural sites if any.
 Haul the borrow materials to embankments, or other areas of fill, only after sufficient
spreading and compaction plant is operating at the place of deposition.
 Follow the below for restoration of borrow areas are:
 Return stockpiled topsoil to the borrow pit if is used for agriculture;
 Stabilize the banks of the borrow pit with the top soil if it is used for fish ponds

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June 7, 2010
 Annex 8-1

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Impact Source
by compaction;
 return stockpiled topsoil to the borrow pit and all worked areas to be stabilized
through re-vegetation using local plants.
 Control at each site by ensuring that base of the borrow pit drains into a sediment trap
prior to discharging from the site.

ECP 10: Air Quality Management

Project Activity/ Environmental Impacts Mitigation Measures/ Management Guidelines
Impact Source
Construction Air quality can be adversely The Contractor should
vehicular traffic affected by vehicle exhaust  Fit vehicles with appropriate exhaust systems and emission control devices. Maintain
emissions and combustion of these devices in good working condition.
fuels.  Operate the vehicles in a fuel efficient manner
 Cover haul vehicles carrying dusty materials moving outside the construction site
 Impose speed limits on all vehicle movement at the worksite to reduce dust emissions
 Control the movement of construction traffic
 Water construction materials prior to loading and transport
 Service all vehicles regularly to minimize emissions
 Limit the idling time of vehicles not more than 2 minutes

Construction Air quality can be adversely The Contractor shall

machinery affected by emissions from  Fit machinery with appropriate exhaust systems and emission control devices. Maintain
machinery and combustion of these devices in good working condition in accordance with the specifications defined by
fuels. their manufacturers to maximize combustion efficiency and minimize the contaminant
emissions. Proof or maintenance register shall be required by the equipment suppliers and
contractors/subcontractors
 Focus special attention on containing the emissions from generators
 Machinery causing excess pollution (e.g. visible smoke) will be banned from construction
sites
 Service all equipment regularly to minimize emissions

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 Annex 8-1

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Impact Source
 Provide filtering systems, duct collectors or humidification or other techniques (as
applicable) to the concrete batching and mixing plant to control the particle emissions in all
its stages, including unloading, collection, aggregate handling, cement dumping,
circulation of trucks and machinery inside the installations

Construction Dust generation from construction  Water the material stockpiles, access roads and bare soils on an as required basis to
activities sites, material stockpiles and minimize the potential for environmental nuisance due to dust. Increase the watering
access roads is a nuisance in the frequency during periods of high risk (e.g. high winds). Stored materials such as gravel
environment and can be a health and sand shall be covered and confined to avoid their being wind-drifted
hazard.  Minimize the extent and period of exposure of the bare surfaces
 Reschedule earthwork activities or vegetation clearing activities, where practical, if
necessary to avoid during periods of high wind and if visible dust is blowing off-site
 Restore disturbed areas as soon as practicable by vegetation/grass-turfing
 Store the cement in silos and minimize the emissions from silos by equipping them with
filters.
 Establish adequate locations for storage, mixing and loading of construction materials, in a
way that dust dispersion is prevented because of such operations
 Crushing of rocky and aggregate materials shall be wet-crushed, or performed with particle
emission control systems

ECP 11: Noise and Vibration Management

Project Activity/ Environmental Impacts Mitigation Measures/ Management Guidelines
Impact Source
Construction Noise quality will be deteriorated The Contractor shall
vehicular traffic due to vehicular traffic  Maintain all vehicles in order to keep it in good working order in accordance with
manufactures maintenance procedures
 Make sure all drivers will comply with the traffic codes concerning maximum speed limit,
driving hours, etc.
 Organize the loading and unloading of trucks, and handling operations for the purpose of
minimizing construction noise on the work site

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 Annex 8-1

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Impact Source
Construction Noise and vibration may have an The Contractor shall
machinery impact on people, property, fauna,  Appropriately site all noise generating activities to avoid noise pollution to local residents
livestock and the natural  Use the quietest available plant and equipment
environment.
 Modify equipment to reduce noise (for example, noise control kits, lining of truck trays or
pipelines)
 Maintain all equipment in order to keep it in good working order in accordance with
manufactures maintenance procedures. Equipment suppliers and contractors shall present
proof of maintenance register of their equipment.
 Install acoustic enclosures around generators to reduce noise levels.
 Fit high efficiency mufflers to appropriate construction equipment
 Avoid the unnecessary use of alarms, horns and sirens
Construction Noise and vibration may have an The Contractor shall
activity impact on people, property, fauna,  Notify adjacent landholders prior any typical noise events outside of daylight hours
livestock and the natural  Educate the operators of construction equipment on potential noise problems and the
environment. techniques to minimize noise emissions
 Employ best available work practices on-site to minimize occupational noise levels
 Install temporary noise control barriers where appropriate
 Notify affected people if major noisy activities will be undertaken, e.g. pile driving
 Plan activities on site and deliveries to and from site to minimize impact
 Monitor and analyze noise and vibration results and adjust construction practices as
required.
 Avoid undertaking the noisiest activities, where possible, when working at night near the
residential areas

ECP 12: Protection of Flora

Project Activity/ Environmental Impacts Mitigation Measures/ Management Guidelines
Impact Source
Vegetation Local flora are important to The Contractor shall
clearance provide shelters for the birds, offer  Reduce disturbance to surrounding vegetation
fruits and/or timber/fire wood,  Use appropriate type and minimum size of machine to avoid disturbance to adjacent

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 Annex 8-1

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Impact Source
protect soil erosion and overall vegetations.
keep the environment very  Get approval from supervision consultant for clearance of vegetation.
friendly to human-living. As such
damage to flora has wide range of  Make selective and careful pruning of trees where possible to reduce need of tree
adverse environmental impacts. removal.
 Control noxious weeds by disposing of at designated dump site or burn on site.
 Clear only the vegetation that needs to be cleared in accordance with the plans. These
measures are applicable to both the construction areas as well as to any associated
activities such as sites for stockpiles, disposal of fill and construction of diversion roads,
etc.
 Do not burn off cleared vegetation – where feasible, chip or mulch and reuse it for the
rehabilitation of affected areas, temporary access tracks or landscaping. Mulch provides a
seed source, can limit embankment erosion, retains soil moisture and nutrients, and
encourages re-growth and protection from weeds.
 Return topsoil and mulched vegetation (in areas of native vegetation) to approximately the
same area of the roadside it came from.
 Avoid work within the drip-line of trees to prevent damage to the tree roots and compacting
the soil.
 Minimize the length of time the ground is exposed or excavation left open by clearing and
re-vegetate the area at the earliest practically possible.
 Ensure excavation works occur progressively and re-vegetation done at the earliest
 Provide adequate knowledge to the workers regarding nature protection and the need of
avoid felling trees during construction
 Supply appropriate fuel in the work caps to prevent fuel wood collection

ECP 13: Protection of Fauna

Project Activity/ Environmental Impacts Mitigation Measures/ Management Guidelines
Impact Source
Construction The location of construction The Contractor shall
activities activities can result in the loss of  Limit the construction works within the designated sites allocated to the contractors
wild life habitat and habitat  check the site for animals trapped in, or in danger from site works and use a qualified

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June 7, 2010
 Annex 8-1

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Impact Source
quality,. person to relocate the animal

Impact on migratory birds, its The Contractor shall

habitat and its active nests  Not be permitted to destruct active nests or eggs of migratory birds
 Minimize the tree removal during the bird breeding season. If works must be continued
during the bird breeding season, a nest survey will be conducted by a qualified biologist
prior to commence of works to identify and located active nests
 Minimize the release of oil, oil wastes or any other substances harmful to migratory birds
to any waters or any areas frequented by migratory birds.
Vegetation Clearance of vegetation may The Contractor shall
clearance impact shelter, feeding and/or  Restrict the tree removal to the minimum required.
breeding and/or physical  Relocate hollows, where appropriate
destruction and severing of
habitat areas  Fell the hollow bearing trees in a manner which reduces the potential for fauna mortality.
Felled trees will be inspected after felling for fauna and if identified and readily accessible
will be removed and relocated or rendered assistance if injured. After felling, hollow
bearing trees will remain unmoved overnight to allow animals to move of their own volition.
Construction Illegal poaching  Provide adequate knowledge to the workers regarding protection of flora and fauna, and
camps relevant government regulations and punishments for illegal poaching.

ECP 14: Protection of Fisheries

Project Activity/ Environmental Impacts Mitigation Measures/ Management Guidelines
Impact Source
Construction The main potential impacts to The Contractor shall
activities in River fisheries are hydrocarbon spills  Ensure the riverine transports, vessels and ships are well maintained and do not have oil
and leaks from riverine transport leakage to contaminate river water.
and disposal of wastes into the  Contain oil immediately on river in case of accidental spillage from vessels and ships and
river in this regard, make an emergency oil spill containment plan to be supported with enough
equipments, materials and human resources
 Do not dump wastes, be it hazardous or non-hazardous into the nearby water bodies or in
the river

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June 7, 2010
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Impact Source
Construction The main potential impacts to The Contractor shall
activities on the aquatic flora and fauna River are  follow mitigation measures proposed in ECP 3 : Water Resources Management and EC4:
land increased suspended solids from Drainage Management
earthworks erosion, sanitary
discharge from work camps, and
hydrocarbon spills
Filling of ponds for site The Contractor shall
preparation will impact the fishes.  Inspect any area of a water body containing fish that is temporarily isolated for the
presence of fish, and all fish shall be captured and released unharmed in adjacent fish
habitat
 Install and maintain fish screens etc. on any water intake with drawing water from any
water body that contain fish

ECP 15: Road Transport and Road Traffic Management

Project Activity/ Environmental Impacts Mitigation Measures/ Management Guidelines
Impact Source
Construction Increased traffic use of road by The Contractor shall
vehicular traffic construction vehicles will affect  Prepare and submit a traffic management plan to the BBA for his approval at least 30 days
the movement of normal road before commencing work on any project component involved in traffic diversion and
traffics and the safety of the road- management.
users.  Include in the traffic management plan to ensure uninterrupted traffic movement during
construction: detailed drawings of traffic arrangements showing all detours, temporary
road, temporary bridges temporary diversions, necessary barricades, warning signs /
lights, road signs etc.
 Provide signs at strategic locations of the roads complying with the schedules of signs
contained in the Bangladesh Traffic Regulations.
 Install and maintain a display board at each important road intersection on the roads to be
used during construction, which shall clearly show the following information in Bangla:
 Location: chainage and village name
 Duration of construction period
 Period of proposed detour / alternative route

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Impact Source
 Suggested detour route map
 Name and contact address/telephone number of the concerned personnel
 Name and contact address / telephone number of the Contractor
 Inconvenience is sincerely regretted.
Accidents and spillage of fuels  Restrict truck deliveries, where practicable, to day time working hours.
and chemicals  Restrict the transport of oversize loads.
 Operate road traffics/transport vehicles, if possible, to non-peak periods to minimize traffic
disruptions.
 Enforce on-site speed limit

ECP 16: River Transport management

Project Activity/ Environmental Impacts Mitigation Measures/ Management Guidelines
Impact Source
Construction The presence of construction and The Contractor shall
activities in River dredging barges, pipe lines and  Not obstruct other normal riverine transport while doing riverine transport and works
other construction activities in the  Identify the channel to be followed clearly using navigation aids such as buoys, beacons,
Padma can cause hindrance and and lighting
risks to the river traffic.
 Provide proper buoyage, navigation lights and markings for bridge and dredging works to
guide the other normal riverine transport
 Keep regular and close contacts with Bangladesh Inland Water Transport Authority
(BIWTA) regarding their needs during construction of the project
 Plan the river transport and transportation of large loads in coordination with BIWTA to
avoid traffic congestions.
 Provide signage for river traffic conforming to the BIWTA requirements
 Position the dredge and pipeline in such a way that no disruption to the channel traffic will
occur
Accidents The Contractor shall
 Prepare an emergency plan for dealing with accidents causing accidental sinking of the
vessels and ships

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Impact Source
 Ensure sufficient equipment and staffs available to execute the emergency plans
 Provide appropriate lighting to barges and construction vessels.

ECP 17: Construction Camp Management

Project Activity/ Environmental Impacts Mitigation Measures/ Management Guidelines
Impact Source
Siting and Location Campsites for construction The Contractor shall
of construction workers are the important  Locate the construction camps at areas which are acceptable from environmental, cultural
camps locations that have significant or social point of view.
impacts such as health and safety  Consider the location of construction camps away from communities in order to avoid
hazards on local resources and social conflict in using the natural resources such as water or to avoid the possible
infrastructure of nearby adverse impacts of the construction camps on the surrounding communities.
communities.
 Submit to the PIU for approval a detailed layout plan for the development of the
construction camp showing the relative locations of all temporary buildings and facilities
that are to be constructed together with the location of site roads, fuel storage areas
(for use in power supply generators), solid waste management and dumping locations,
and drainage facilities, prior to the development of the construction camps.
 Local authorities responsible for health, religious and security shall be duly informed on the
set up of camp facilities so as to maintain effective surveillance over public health, social
and security matters

Construction Camp Lack of proper infrastructure Contractor shall provide the following facilities in the campsites
Facilities facilities , such as housing, water  Adequate housing for all workers
supply and sanitation facilities will  Safe and reliable water supply. Water supply from deep tube wells of 300 m depth that
increase pressure on the local meets the national standards
services and generate
substandard living standards and  Hygienic sanitary facilities and sewerage system. The toilets and domestic waste water will
health hazards. be collected through a common sewerage. Provide separate latrines and bathing places
for males and females with total isolation by wall or by location. The minimum number of
toilet facilities required is one toilet for every ten persons.
 Treatment facilities for sewerage of toilet and domestic wastes
 Storm water drainage facilities. Both sides of roads are to be provided with shallow v
drains to drain off storm water to a silt retention pond which shall be sized to provide a
minimum of 20 minutes retention of storm water flow from the whole site. Channel all

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Impact Source
discharge from the silt retention pond to natural drainage via a grassed swale at least 20
meters in length with suitable longitudinal gradient.
 Paved internal roads. Ensure with grass/vegetation coverage to be made of the use of top
soil that there is no dust generation from the loose/exposed sandy surface. Pave the
internal roads of at least haring-bond bricks to suppress dusts and to work against
possible muddy surface during monsoon.
 Provide child crèches for women working construction site. The crèche should have
facilities for dormitory, kitchen, indoor and outdoor play area. Schools should be attached
to these crèches so that children are not deprived of education whose mothers are
construction workers
 Provide in-house community/common entertainment facilities. dependence of local
entertainment outlets by the construction camps to be discouraged/prohibited to the extent
possible.
Disposal of waste Management of wastes is crucial The Contractor should
to minimize impacts on the  Ensure proper collection and disposal of solid wastes within the construction camps
environment  Insist waste separation by source; organic wastes in one pot and inorganic wastes in
another pot at household level.
 Store inorganic wastes in a safe place within the household and clear organic wastes on
daily basis to waste collector. Establish waste collection, transportation and disposal
systems with the manpower and equipments/vehicles needed.
 Dispose organic wastes in a designated safe place on daily basis. At the end of the day
cover the organic wastes with a thin layer of sand so that flies, mosquitoes, dogs, cats,
rats, are not attracted. One may dig a large hole to put organic wastes in it; take care to
protect groundwater from contamination by leachate formed due to decomposition of
wastes. Cover the bed of the pit with impervious layer of materials (clayey or thin concrete)
to protect groundwater from contamination.
 Locate the garbage pit/waste disposal site min 500 m away from the residence so that
peoples are not disturbed with the odor likely to be produced from anaerobic
decomposition of wastes at the waste dumping places. Encompass the waste dumping
place by fencing and tree plantation to prevent children to enter and play with.
 Do not establish site specific landfill sites. All solid waste will be collected and removed
from the work camps and disposed in approval waste disposal sites.

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Project Activity/ Environmental Impacts Mitigation Measures/ Management Guidelines

Impact Source
Fuel supplies for Illegal sourcing of fuel wood by The Contractor shall
cooking purposes construction workers will impact  Provide fuel to the construction camps for their domestic purpose, in order to discourage
the natural flora and fauna them to use fuel wood or other biomass.
 Made available alternative fuels like natural gas or kerosene on ration to the workforce to
prevent them using biomass for cooking.
 Conduct awareness campaigns to educate workers on preserving the protecting the
biodiversity and wildlife of the project area, and relevant government regulations and
punishments on wildlife protection.
Health and There will be a potential for The Contractor shall
Hygiene diseases to be transmitted  Provide adequate health care facilities within construction sites.
including malaria, exacerbated by  Provide first aid facility round the clock. Maintain stock of medicines in the facility and
inadequate health and safety appoint fulltime designated first aider or nurse.
practices. There will be an
increased risk of work crews  Provide ambulance facility for the laborers during emergency to be transported to nearest
spreading sexually transmitted hospitals.
infections and HIV/AIDS.  Initial health screening of the laborers coming from outside areas
 Train all construction workers in basic sanitation and health care issues and safety
matters, and on the specific hazards of their work
 Provide HIV awareness programming, including STI (sexually transmitted infections) and
HIV information, education and communication for all workers on regular basis
 Complement educational interventions with easy access to condoms at campsites as well
as voluntary
counseling and testing
 Provide adequate drainage facilities throughout the camps to ensure that disease vectors
such as stagnant water bodies and puddles do not form. Regular mosquito repellant
sprays during monsoon.
 Carryout short training sessions on best hygiene practices to be mandatorily participated
by all workers. Place display boards at strategic locations within the camps containing
messages on best hygienic practices
Safety In adequate safety facilities to the The Contractor shall
construction camps may create  Provide appropriate security personnel (police / home guard or private security guards)
security problems and fire and enclosures to prevent unauthorized entry in to the camp area.
hazards  Maintain register to keep a track on a head count of persons present in the camp at any
given time.

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Project Activity/ Environmental Impacts Mitigation Measures/ Management Guidelines

Impact Source
 Encourage use of flameproof material for the construction of labor housing / site office.
Also, ensure that these houses/rooms are of sound construction and capable of
withstanding wind storms/cyclones.
 Provide appropriate type of fire fighting equipments suitable for the construction camps
 Display emergency contact numbers clearly and prominently at strategic places in camps.
 Communicate the roles and responsibilities of laborers in case of emergency in the
monthly meetings with contractors.
Site Restoration Restoration of the construction The Contractor shall
camps to original condition  Dismantle and remove from the site all facilities established within the construction camp
requires demolition of including the perimeter fence and lockable gates at the completion of the construction
construction camps. work.
 Dismantle camps in phases and as the work gets decreased and not wait for the entire
work to be completed
 Give prior notice to the laborers before demolishing their camps/units
 Maintain the noise levels within the national standards during demolition activities
 Different contractors should be hired to demolish different structures to promote recycling
or reuse of demolished material.
 Reuse the demolition debris to a maximum extent. Dispose remaining debris at the
designated waste disposal site by BBA.
 Handover the construction camps with all built facilities as it is if agreement between both
parties (contactor and land-owner) has been made so.
 Restore the site to its condition prior to commencement of the works or to an agreed
condition with the landowner.
 Not make false promises to the laborers for future employment in O&M of the Padma
project.

ECP 18: Cultural and Religious Issues

Project Activity/ Environmental Impacts Mitigation Measures/ Management Guidelines
Impact Source
Construction Disturbance from construction The Contractor shall
activities near works to the cultural and religious  Communicate to the public through community consultation and newspaper
religious and sites, and contractors lack of announcements regarding the scope and schedule of construction, as well as certain

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 Annex 8-1

Project Activity/ Environmental Impacts Mitigation Measures/ Management Guidelines

Impact Source
cultural sites knowledge on cultural issues construction activities causing disruptions or access restriction.
cause social disturbances.  Do not block access to cultural and religious sites, wherever possible
 Restrict all construction activities within the foot prints of the construction sites.
 Stop construction works that produce noise (particularly during prayer time) should there
be any mosque/religious/educational institutions close to the construction sites and users
make objections.
 Take special care and use appropriate equipment when working next to a cultural/religious
institution.
 Stop work immediately and notify the site manager if, during construction, an
archaeological or burial site is discovered. It is an offence to recommence work in the
vicinity of the site until approval to continue is given by the PIU
 Provide separate prayer facilities to the construction workers.
 Show appropriate behavior with all construction workers especially women and elderly
people
 Allow the workers to participate in praying during construction time
 Resolve cultural issues in consultation with local leaders and supervision consultants
 Establish a mechanism that allows local people to raise grievances arising from the
construction process.
 Inform the local authorities responsible for health, religious and security duly informed
before commencement of civil works so as to maintain effective surveillance over public
health, social and security matters

ECP 19: Worker Health and Safety

Project Activity/ Environmental Impacts Mitigation Measures/ Management Guidelines
Impact Source
Best practices Construction works may pose The Contractor shall
health and safety risks to the  Implement suitable safety standards for all workers and site visitors which should not be
construction workers and site less than those laid down on the international standards (e.g. International Labor Office
visitors leading to severe injuries guideline on ‘Safety and Health in Construction; World Bank Group’s ‘Environmental
and deaths. The population in the Health and Safety Guidelines’) and contractor’s own national standards or statutory
proximity of the construction site regulations, in addition to complying with the national standards of the Government of
and the construction workers will Bangladesh (e.g. `The Bangladesh Labor Code, 2006’)

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Project Activity/ Environmental Impacts Mitigation Measures/ Management Guidelines

Impact Source
be exposed to a number of (i)  Provide the workers with a safe and healthy work environment, taking into account
biophysical health risk factors, inherent risks in its particular construction activity and specific classes of hazards in the
(e.g. noise, dust, chemicals, work areas,
construction material, solid waste,  Provide personal protection equipment (PPE) for workers, such as safety boots, helmets,
waste water, vector transmitted masks, gloves, protective clothing, goggles, full-face eye shields, and ear protection.
diseases etc), (ii) risk factors Maintain the PPE properly by cleaning dirty ones and replacing them with the damaged
resulting from human behavior ones.
(e.g. STD, HIV etc) and (iii) road
accidents from construction traffic.  Safety procedures include provision of information, training and protective clothing to
workers involved in hazardous operations and proper performance of their job
 Appoint an environment, health and safety manager to look after the health and safety of
the workers
 Inform the local authorities responsible for health, religious and security duly informed
before commencement of civil works and establishment of construction camps so as to
maintain effective surveillance over public health, social and security matters
Child and pregnant labor The Contractor shall
 not hire children of less than 14 years of age and pregnant women or women who
delivered a child within 8 preceding weeks, in accordance with the Bangladesh Labor
Code, 2006
Accidents Lack of first aid facilities and  Provide health care facilities and first aid facilities are readily available. Appropriately
health care facilities in the equipped first-aid stations should be easily accessible throughout the place of work
immediate vicinity will aggravate  Document and report occupational accidents, diseases, and incidents.
the health conditions of the
victims  Prevent accidents, injury, and disease arising from, associated with, or occurring in the
course of work by minimizing, so far as reasonably practicable, the causes of hazards. In a
manner consistent with good international industry practice.
 Identify potential hazards to workers, particularly those that may be life-threatening and
provide necessary preventive and protective measures.
 Provide awareness to the construction drivers to strictly follow the driving rules
 Provide adequate lighting in the construction area and along the roads
Construction Lack of proper infrastructure The Contractor shall provide the following facilities in the campsites to improve health and
Camps facilities, such as housing, water hygienic conditions as mentioned in ECP 17 Construction Camp Management
supply and sanitation facilities will  Adequate ventilation facilities
increase pressure on the local  Safe and reliable water supply. Water supply from deep tube wells that meets the national

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 Annex 8-1

Project Activity/ Environmental Impacts Mitigation Measures/ Management Guidelines

Impact Source
services and generate standards
substandard living standards and  Hygienic sanitary facilities and sewerage system. The toilets and domestic waste water will
health hazards. be collected through a common sewerage.
 Treatment facilities for sewerage of toilet and domestic wastes
 Storm water drainage facilities.
 Recreational and social facilities
 Safe storage facilities for petroleum and other chemicals in accordance with ECP 2
 Solid waste collection and disposal system in accordance with ECP1.
 Arrangement for trainings
 Paved internal roads.
 Security fence at least 2 m height.
 Sick bay and first aid facilities
Water and Lack of Water sanitation facilities  The contractor should provide portable toilets at the construction sites, if about 25 people
sanitation facilities at construction sites cause are working the whole day for a month. Location of portable facilities should be at least 6
at the construction inconvenience to the construction m away from storm drain system and surface waters. These portable toilets should be
sites workers and affect their personal cleaned once a day and all the sewerage should be pumped from the collection tank once
hygiene. a day and should be brought to the common septic tank for further treatment.
 Contractor should provide bottled drinking water facilities to the construction workers at all
the construction sites.
Other ECPs Potential risks on health and The Contractor should follow the following ECPs to reduce health risks to the construction
hygiene of construction workers workers and nearby community
and general public  ECP 2: Fuels and Hazardous Goods Management
 ECP 4: Drainage Management
 ECP 10: Air Quality Management
 ECP 11: Noise and Vibration Management
 ECP 15: Road Transport and Road Traffic Management
 ECP 16: River Transport management
Trainings Lack of awareness and basic The Contractor shall
knowledge in health care among  Train all construction workers in basic sanitation and health care issues (e.g., how to avoid
the construction workforce, make malaria and transmission of sexually transmitted infections (STI) HIV/AIDS.

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Project Activity/ Environmental Impacts Mitigation Measures/ Management Guidelines

Impact Source
them susceptible to potential  Train all construction workers in general health and safety matters, and on the specific
diseases. hazards of their work Training should consist of basic hazard awareness, site specific
hazards, safe work practices, and emergency procedures for fire, evacuation, and natural
disaster, as appropriate.
 Commence the malaria, HIV/AIDS and STI education campaign before the start of the
construction phase and complement it with by a strong condom marketing, increased
access to condoms in the area as well as to voluntary counseling and testing.
 Implement malaria, HIV/AIDS and STI education campaign targeting all workers hired,
international and national, female and male, skilled, semi- and unskilled occupations, at
the time of recruitment and thereafter pursued throughout the construction phase on
ongoing and regular basis. This should be complemented by easy access to condoms at
the workplace as well as to voluntary counseling and testing.

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June 7, 2010
 Annex 8-2

Annex 8-2: Project Entitlement Matrix

Loss Item 1: LOSS OF AGRICULTURAL LAND
Unit of Entitlements Application Guidelines Additional Services
Entitlement
Legal owner(s) 1. Replacement Value 1. RV will be recommended by 1. Legal owners will be
as identified by (RV) of agricultural Property Valuation Advisory assisted by INGO to
Deputy land. Committee (PVAC). organize legal documents in
Commissioner 2. Dislocation 2. Deputy Commissioner (DC) will support of their ownership.
(DC) in the Allowance of Tk. pay cash compensation under 2. INGO will identify loss and
process of CCL 100 (one hundred) law (CCL) for the land. entitlement of female owners
payment. per decimal but not 3. If RV is higher than CCL, the and co-sharers through
exceeding Tk. difference will be paid by BBA share determination at the
20,000/- (twenty with assistance from the RAP field upon receipt of payment
thousand). Implementing NGO (INGO). data from DC office.
4. The dislocation allowance will be
paid by BBA with assistance
from INGO.
Implementation Issues:
1. Landowners will be informed of the details of the land acquisition and compensation process, resettlement
package and payment procedure.
2. PVAC will recommend RV for land based on current market price (CMP) assessed by an independent
agency at the time of dispossession including cost of titling. CMP will be assessed for each affected
mouza for each type of land averaging (i) minimum approved price of land available at respective Sub-
registrars’ offices, (ii) reported price, and (iii) transacted price of land at those mouzas (CMP should not be
less than minimum approved price of land). RV will be obtained by adding the titling cost prorated on the
CMP thus obtained (RV=CMP+CMPxa%, where ‘a’ is the rate of applicable registration cost for purchasing
the land for CMP equivalent amount of money). RV will be approved by the Ministry of Communications.
3. DC will determine the market price of land averaging last 12 months sale prices (from the date of service of
notice u/s 3) as per registration deeds in affected mouzas for each type of land obtained from respective
sub-registrar’s offices. For all private land, the market price will be enhanced by 50% for compensation
under law (CCL). For khas land (DC is the owner at respective districts on behalf of the government), CCL
will be the assessed market price without 50% enhancement.
4. Title updating for usufruct and other rights will be done before issuance of notice under section 6 with
assistance from INGO.
5. The INGO shall encourage Entitled Persons (EPs) to consider purchasing land or investing the money in
productive/ income generating activities.

Loss Item 2: LOSS OF HOMESTEAD, COMMERCIAL, INDUSTRIAL LAND AND COMMON

PROPERTY RESOURCES
Unit of Entitlements Application Guidelines Additional Services
Entitlement
Legal owner(s) 1. Replacement Value 1. PVAC will recommend RV. 1. Legal owners will be
as identified by (RV) of land. 2. DC will pay CCL for the land. assisted by INGO to
DC in the 2. Dislocation Allowance 3. If RV is higher than CCL, the organize legal
process of CCL @Tk. 200 (two difference will be paid by documents in support
payment. hundred) per decimal BBA with assistance from of their ownership.
but not exceeding Tk. INGO. 2. INGO will identify loss
20,000/- (twenty 4. Other resettlement and entitlement of
thousand). assistance in cash will be female owners and co-
3. A plot in the residential paid by BBA with assistance sharers through share
or commercial area of from INGO. determination at the
the resettlement site 5. APs, upon allocation of an field upon receipt of
(RS) for the homestead RS plot, will pay the price of payment data from DC
or commercial land the plot to BBA at the rate of office.
losers respectively. CCL of the land acquired for
the RS.

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 Annex 8-2

Implementation Issues:
1. Affected persons (APs) will be informed of the details of the compensation policy, resettlement package
and payment procedure.
2. RV will be determined and approved for the project following the procedure as stated under LOSS ITEM
1.
3. CCL for private and khas land will be determined by DC as stated under LOSS ITEM 1.
4. Title updating for usufruct and other rights will be done before issuance of notice under Section 6 with
assistance from the INGO.
5. The INGO will encourage and motivate EPs to purchase homestead/ commercial/ community or industrial
land or invest the compensation money in productive or income generating activities.
6. The resettlement site plots will be allocated to the head of the deserving households on a 99 years lease
basis on payment at the rate of CCL of the land acquired for the RS.

Loss Item 3: LOSS OF WATER BODIES (PONDS, BOTH CULTIVATED AND NON-CULTIVATED)
Unit of Entitlements Application Guidelines Additional
Entitlement Services
Legal owner(s) 1. RV of the water body 1. PVAC will recommend RV of Legal owner or
as identified by (private land). private land. lessees will be
DC in the 2. Dislocation Allowance of Tk. 2. DC will pay CCL for the land. assisted by
process of CCL 100 (one hundred) per 3. If RV is higher than CCL, the INGO/BBA to
payment. decimal for perennial water- difference will be paid by BBA organize legal
body but not exceeding Tk. with assistance from INGO. documentation in
20,000/- (twenty thousand). 4. Other resettlement benefits support of their
will be paid by BBA with ownership.
assistance from INGO.
Implementation Issues:
1. Owners or cultivators of land and water body will be informed of the details of the compensation policy,
resettlement package and payment procedure.
2. RV will be determined and approved for the project following the procedure as stated under LOSS ITEM 1.
3. CCL of private and khas land will be determined by DC as stated under LOSS ITEM 1.
4. Title updating for usufruct and other rights will be done before issuance of notice under section 6 with
assistance from the INGO.
5. The INGO shall encourage and motivate EPs to consider purchasing water body or investing the
compensation monies in productive or income generating activities.

Loss Item 4: LOSS OF RESIDENTIAL STRUCTURES WITH TITLE TO LAND

Unit of Entitlements Application Guidelines Additional
Entitlement Services
Legal owner(s) as 1. RV of residential 1. Applicable to all structures located Assistance in
identified by DC in structure. on the Right of Way (ROW) at relocation and
the process of CCL 2. Transfer Grant @ Tk. 7 cut-off dates. reconstruction.
payment. (seven) per sft of 2. PVAC will recommend the RV of
affected structure. structures.
3. Reconstruction Grant @ 3. Inventory Verification Committee
Tk. 10 (ten) per sft of (IVC) will verify and record
affected structure. structures eligible for RV and
4. Special Assistance of other assistance.
one-time payment of Tk. 4. DC will pay CCL for structure and
5,000/- (five thousand) if CCL is less than RV, BBA will
for each female, pay the difference directly with
disabled, elderly headed assistance from INGO.
and very poor 5. BBA will provide other
household. resettlement benefits directly with
5. Owner will be allowed to assistance from INGO.
take away all
salvageable materials
free of cost.
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 Annex 8-2

Implementation Issues:
1. Joint Verification (DC and BBA) and/or Census will identify (records floor areas and category) structure for
titled owners.
2. PVAC will recommend replacement value (RV) of structure considering the cost of materials, labor inputs
and land development cost at current market rates. Ministry of Communications will approve the RV of
structures recommended by PVAC.
3. Compensation must be paid before EP dismantles and removes the structures as per civil works
requirement.
4. The date of service of notice u/s 3 will be the cut-off date for titled owners and BIDS Census will be
recognized as the cut-off date for structures not recognized by DC. In case of major differences identified
between databases, BBA will verify the data through the Inventory Verification Committee (IVC).

Loss Item 5: LOSS OF COMMERCIAL/INDUSTRIAL/CPR STRUCTURES WITH TITLE TO LAND

Unit of Entitlement Entitlements Application Guidelines Additional
Services
Legal owners as identified 1. RV of commercial, 1. Applicable to all Assistance in
by DC in the process of CCL industrial, CPR structure. structures located on relocation and
payment. 2. Transfer Grant @ Tk. 10 ROW at cut-off dates. reconstruction.
(ten) per sft of affected 2. PVAC will recommend
structure. the RV of structures.
3. Reconstruction Grant @ 3. IVC will verify and record
Tk. 15 (fifteen) per sft of structures eligible for RV
affected structure. and other assistance.
4. Owner will be allowed to 4. DC will pay CCL for
take all salvageable structure and if CCL is
materials back free of cost. less than RV, BBA will
pay the difference with
assistance from INGO.
5. BBA will provide other
resettlement benefits
with assistance from
INGO.
Implementation Issues:
1. Joint Verification identifies (records floor areas and category) structure for titled owners and Census
identifies structure for non-titled owners.
2. Replacement value (RV) of structure will be determined and approved in the process as stated in LOSS
ITEM 4.
3. Compensation must be paid before EP dismantles and removes the structures as per civil works
requirement.
4. The cut-off dates for titled owners and socially recognized owners as stated in LOSS ITEM 4.

Loss Item 6: LOSS OF RESIDENTIAL AND OTHER PHYSICAL STRUCTURES (WITHOUT TITLE TO
LAND)
Unit of entitlement Entitlements Application Guidelines Additional
Services
1. Legal owners 1. RV of structure. 1. Applicable to all structures Plot in the
identified by DC in 2. Transfer Grant @ Tk. 7 located on ROW at cut-off resettlement site
the process of (seven) per sft of affected dates. will be provided
CCL payment. structure. 2. PVAC will recommend the for residential
2. Socially 3. Reconstruction Grant @ RV of structures. and commercial
recognized owners Tk.10 (ten) per sft of affected 3. IVC will verify and record structure losers,
of structures built structure. structures eligible for RV/ and assistance
on the ROW as 4. Special Assistance of a one- other assistance and the in relocation.
identified by time payment of Tk. 5,000/- landlessness of residence
Census and (five thousand) for each losing households for
verified by IVC. female-headed, disabled- allocation of RS plot.
headed, elderly-headed and 4. DC will pay CCL for
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June 7, 2010
 Annex 8-2

poor household. structure to legal owners

5. If landless, the residence and if CCL is less than RV,
losing households will get a or there is no CCL (for
homestead plot of 2.5 socially recognized
decimals at RS free of cost. owners), BBA will pay the
6. An AP losing a shop will be difference or the RV directly
entitled to purchase a with assistance from INGO.
commercial plot at RS at a 5. BBA will provide other
cost equivalent to CCL. resettlement benefits
7. Owner will be allowed to take directly with assistance from
all salvageable materials free INGO.
of cost. 6. AP, upon allocation of a
commercial plot at RS, will
pay the price of the plot to
BBA at the rate of CCL of
the land acquired for the
RS.
Implementation Issues
1. Joint Verification identifies (records floor areas and category) structure for titled owners and Census
identifies structure for non-titled owners.
2. Replacement value (RV) of structure will be determined and approved as stated in LOSS ITEM 4.
3. Compensation must be paid before EP dismantles and removes the structures as per civil works
requirement.
4. The cut-off dates for titled owners and socially recognized owners as stated in LOSS ITEM 4.
5. The homestead losers will produce documentary evidence and the BBA through IVC will cross verify the
landlessness of the homestead losers for allocation of an RS plot for free.
6. Residential sites plots in the settlement sites will be allocated to the landless households on a 99 years
lease basis in the name of both spouses. In case of single parent household, the household head
irrespective of gender will get the allocation.

Loss Item 7: LOSS OF TIMBER AND FRUIT BEARING TREES, BAMBOO AND BANANA GROVES
Unit of Entitlement Entitlements Application Additional Services
Guidelines
1. Legal owner(s) as 1. Timber trees and bamboo: RV 1. Applicable to all INGO to explain RAP
identified by the of trees and bamboo. trees and plants policies regarding
DC in the process 2. Fruit-bearing trees without located on ROW at compensation for the
of CCL payment. timber: if the tree is at or near cut-off dates. trees of different
2. Socially fruit-bearing stage, the 2. DC will pay CCL as categories and size
recognized owners estimated current market value applicable for and make the EPs
of trees grown on of the fruit. trees/plants. aware that they could
public or other 3. Fruit-bearing trees with timber: 3. If CCL is less than take the timber and
land, as identified RV for the timber, and RV or there is no fruits free of cost.
by Census and estimated current market value CCL (for socially
verified by IVC. of fruit. recognized owners),
4. Banana groves: RV of all trees the difference or RV
and estimated current value of of different species
one-time crop of each full- of trees will directly
grown tree. be paid by BBA with
5. Owners will be allowed to fell assistance from
trees and take the timber, free INGO.
of cost after payment of CCL 4. PVAC will
or RV as applicable. recommend RV of
trees and fruits.
Implementation Issues:
1. Standard rates for trees of different species available with the Department of Forestry will be
considered by PVAC in calculating the RV.
2. The INGO will provide guidance in plantation and post-plantation care.

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 Annex 8-2

Loss Item 8: LOSS OF STANDING CROPS/FISH STOCK

Unit of Entitlement Entitlements Application Guidelines Additional Services
Owner cultivators as 1. RV of standing 1. Applicable for all crops/fish INGO will assist APs in
identified in joint crops/fish stock. stock standing on land/pond the process of claiming
verification by DC 2. Owners will be within ROW at the time of compensation from DC
and BBA. allowed to dispossession. offices for organizing
harvest crops and 2. DC will pay CCL for crops/fish necessary documents.
fish stock. stock.
3. BBA will pay the difference
directly with assistance from
INGO if CCL is less than RV.
4. PVAC will recommend RV of
crops/fish stock at harvest.

Implementation Issues:
RV of crops/fish stock will be recommended by PVAC (based on data obtained from district agriculture
extension office and district marketing officer/fisheries department) for those identified through joint (DC/BBA)
on-site verification before taking over land.

Loss Item 9: LOSS OF LEASED /MORTGAGED IN LAND/PONDS

Unit of Entitlements Application Guidelines Additional
Entitlement Services
1. Leaseholder 1. RV of crops/fish 1. With legal agreement: Legal owner 1. INGO will
with legal stock. and mortgagee/ leaseholder will be assist in
papers. 2. Outstanding lease paid CCL by DC in accordance with ensuring that
2. Socially money back to the the law. the lessee
recognized lessee by the owner 2. With customary tenancy agreements, receives all
lessee or as per agreement. including socially-recognized verbal eligible
sharecropper, 3. Dislocation agreements: Legal owner will receive payments.
in case of allowance @ Tk. 100 CCL from DC. The legal owner will 2. INGO will
customary per decimal for pay the outstanding liabilities to the mediate
informal actual cultivator to lessee/mortgagee. Under the refund of
tenancy cover the income following conditions: (i) all contractual outstanding
arrangements, loss from the land, liabilities are already paid up; (ii) if not, lease money
including not exceeding Tk. the legal owner will get the residual by the owner
socially 5,000/-. payment after all liabilities are paid up. to the lessees.
recognized 3. BBA will ensure RV of crops to the
agreements. cultivator with direct payment of the
difference, if CCL is less than RV, with
assistance from INGO.
4. Dislocation Allowance will be paid to
the actual cultivator of the acquired
land by BBA with assistance from
INGO.
Implementation Issues:
1. JVT will identify each land owner and any persons who presently have interest in the acquired land due to
mortgage, lease or khai-khalashi right.
2. Any disputes over status of present interest in the land will be resolved through grievance redress
procedure. Once resolved, INGO will assist in processing payments of all outstanding liabilities on the land
to the appropriate persons.
3. Dislocation Allowance to cover loss of income will be paid to the tenant as per project-specific policy
provisions.
4. IVC will verify and confirm socially recognized lessees for identification.

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 Annex 8-2

Loss Item 10: LOSS OF INCOME FROM DISPLACED COMMERCIAL/ INDUSTRIAL PREMISES
(OWNER OPERATED)
Unit of Entitlement Entitlements Application Guidelines Additional Services
Any proprietor or 1. Grant for Loss of 1. Business owners will be EPs will be brought
businessman or Business @ 5% of paid the entitlements after under income
artisan operating in DC’s payment for the award of compensation by generating program.
premises, at the time structure. DC to the owner of
of issuance of Notice 2. One time Moving premises.
u/s 3. Assistance of Tk. 2. BBA will directly pay the
5,000 for tenants. entitlement to the eligible
3. A commercial plot of affected persons with
80 sft in the assistance from INGO.
resettlement site at 3. Price of commercial plots
cost equivalent to to be paid by AP to BBA
CCL. will be at the rate of CCL
for the land acquired for
the RS.
Implementation Issues:
1. Primary eligibility to be based on businessmen identified by BIDS Census and /or DC/BBA joint
verification.
2. IVC will verify eligibilities not covered by joint verification.
3. All the business operators will be entitled for grant against loss of business and a commercial plot at
resettlement site. However, one time moving assistance will be provided to only the tenants.
4. The income-generating program will be implemented engaging an NGO experienced in rehabilitation and
livelihood generation activities for the poor.

Loss Item 11: TEMPORARY LOSS OF INCOME (WAGE EARNERS IN AGRICULTURE, COMMERCE &
SMALL BUSINESS AND INDUSTRY)
Unit of Entitlements Application Guidelines Additional Services
Entitlement
Regular wage 1. Grant to cover temporary 1. EP must have been an 1. EPs will be brought
earners affected loss of regular wage income employee of under income and
by the @ Tk. 220 X 90 days for landowner or business livelihood regenerating
acquisition. farm labor; Tk. 220 X 60 located in the acquired program.
days for non-farm labor; Tk. lands for at least 2. Involvement of qualified
300 X 60 days for skilled twelve months, as APs in construction
non- farm labor. identified by Joint work.
2. Female-headed households, Verification and/or 3. Involvement of qualified
disabled, elderly and BIDS Census. APs in tree plantation
extremely poor to be paid a 2. The needs of and social afforestation.
one-time grant of Tk 5,000 vulnerable groups will
(five thousand) as Special be assessed.
Assistance. 3. The resettlement
3. Income and livelihood benefits will be paid by
restoration assistance from BBA with assistance
Social Development Fund, to from INGO.
be created by the Project.

Implementation Issues:
Primary eligibility to be based on wage earners identified by Census and/or Joint Verification. Further claims
and grievances, if any, will be settled by the grievance redress committee.

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Loss Item 12: LOSS OF INCOME FROM RENTED -OUT AND ACCESS TO RENTED-IN RESIDENTIAL/
COMMERCIAL PREMISES
Unit of Entitlement Entitlements Application Guidelines Additional Services
1. Owner of the rented- Dislocation Allowance Each rentee of affected EPs will be brought
out premises as of Tk. 4,000 (four premises will be entitled for under income and
identified by Census thousand) for each the dislocation allowance. livelihood regenerating
and verified by IVC. unit of premises to program.
The owners of rented out
both the renter and the
2. Household/person premises will be entitled for
rentees.
rented-in any such dislocation allowance for
structure as identified each unit of premises rented
by Census and out to separate families or
verified by IVC. persons.
Dislocation Allowance will be
paid by BBA with assistance
from INGO.
Implementation Issues:
Census will identify the owner and renter of the residential and commercial premises duly verified by IVC.

Loss Item 13: ADVERSE IMPACT ON HOST POPULATION DUE TO RELOCATION OF APs
Unit of Entitlement Entitlements Application Additional Services
Guidelines
Households relocated Enhancement of BBA will assess the 1. Investment in the host
to the host villages carrying capacity of needs and develop area to improve health,
common civic facilities at host education, and other
amenities/utilities of areas. public services.
the host communities 2. Afforestation in the host
as per assessment by area.
BBA.

Implementation Issues
Community needs for enhancement of common facilities in host areas will be assessed through a needs
assessment survey.

Loss Item 14: HOUSEHOLDS LOSING MORE THAN 10% OF THEIR INCOME (FROM AGRICULTURE
OR BUSINESS) DUE TO THE PROJECT
Unit of Entitlement Entitlements Application Additional Services
Guidelines
Persons losing more 1. One time 1. The one time
than 10% of their Dislocation Dislocation EPs will be brought under income
income from all Allowance @ Tk. Allowance will be and livelihood regenerating
sources as identified 4,000/- per paid by BBA with program.
by Census and household. assistance from
verified by IVC. 2. Skill training and INGO.
credit support 2. Income generation
under income program will be
generation implemented
program. engaging an NGO.
Implementation Issues:
1. Loss of income will be assessed as per actual loss of productive resources (land and businesses) to the
project and the total income of the affected households from all sources through Census of all affected
households.
2. IVC will verify the percentage of loss comparing the actual loss and the total income from all sources of
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the affected households.

3. Households turning into landless due to acquisition of agricultural land will be eligible for larger credit from
the social development fund for longer duration.

Loss Item 15: LOSS OF SUBMERGED LAND (ERODED LAND)

Unit of Entitlements Application Guidelines Additional Services
Entitlement
1. Legal owner(s) 1. In absence of legally 1. All application as mentioned 1. Previous owners of
of land (DC's established AD line, all under Loss Item 1 (if not eroded land will be
khas land after entitlements as khas land). assisted by INGO to
legally provisioned for Loss 2. DC will receive CCL for land organize legal
established AD Item 1. (if khas land) without 50% documents in support
Line). 2. In case of khas land, enhancement. of their ownership.
2. Previous CCL to respective DCs. 3. PVAC will assess and 2. INGO will identify
private owners 3. RV of khas land to recommend RV of eroded loss and entitlement
of land below previous owner(s). land after AD line. of female owners and
AD Line. 4. Seizure Allowance @Tk. 4. Data from record co-sharers through
200 (two hundred) per room/tehsil office will be share determination
decimal but not collected for identifying the at the field upon
exceeding Tk. 20,000/- previous owners of land. receipt of payment
(twenty thousand). 5. IVC will verify and data from DC office.
recommend the previous
owners.
6. GRC will approve for
payment of entitlements.
Implementation Issues:
1. Project Affected persons (PAPs) will be informed of the details of the compensation policy, resettlement
package and payment procedure.
2. RV will be determined and approved for the project following the procedure as stated under LOSS ITEM 1
(if the land is not khas). Upon establishment of AD line by DCs, RV of the eroded land under acquisition
will be assessed for 25% of the RV of similar land in the main land or the actual price of underwater lands
in riverbed whichever is higher.
3. CCL for private and khas land will be determined by DC as stated under LOSS ITEM 1.
4. Title updating for usufruct and other rights will be done before issuance of notice under Section 6 with
assistance from the INGO.
5. The INGO will encourage and motivate EPs to purchase homestead/ commercial/ community or industrial
land or invest the compensation money in productive or income generating activities.

Loss Item 16: UNFORESEEN ADVERSE IMPACTS

Unit of Entitlement Entitlements Application Guidelines Additional

Services
Households/persons Entitlements will The unforeseen impacts will be identified As appropriate
affected by any be determined as through special survey by the IVC as per
unforeseen impact per the request from impacted population. The
identified during RAP- resettlement entitlements will be approved by the MOC
III implementation policy framework and concurred by the Co-financiers

Implementation Issues:
The unforeseen impacts and affected persons will be identified with due care as per policy framework and
proposed to the MOC and the co-financiers for approval including quantity of losses, their owners and the
entitlements.

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Annex 8-3: Emergency Response Plan

I Introduction

A. Importance of the ERP

An Emergency Response Plan (ERP) can be defined as a plan that encompasses organizing,
coordinating and implementing a range of procedures to prevent, mitigate, respond to and recover
from the consequences of an emergency event.

A well-constructed ERP will prevent a minor incident from becoming a disaster, save lives, prevent
injuries and minimize damage to property and the environment. It facilitates a rapid and effective
emergency response and recovery; provides assistance to emergency and security services;
implements an effective evacuation plan if required and communicates vital information to all relevant
persons involved in the transport emergency (both internal personnel and external agencies) with a
minimum of delay. It outlines the necessary resources, personnel, and logistics, which allow for a
prompt, coordinated, and rational approach to a transport accident. The plan will contain sufficient
detail to enable those involved in the response to effectively carry out their duties.

An effective ERP prepares for the unexpected by identifying response mechanisms to a variety of
potential crises that may arise. Possible emergency events that have been identified for this project
are; flooding, traffic accidents (road and rail), leak/spill of hazardous materials, civil disturbance/riot,
terrorist events/threats and gas leak/explosion. These emergency events are discussed further in
section B of this plan.

B. Purpose of the Plan

This ERP is intended to provide information, strategies and procedures relating to all aspects of
emergency management during operation, which comprise:

a. Prevention of emergencies,
b. Preparation for emergencies.
c. Response to an emergency. and
d. Recovery following an emergency.

It includes emergency management procedures and administrative structures to be established and

nominates functional roles and responsibilities for the management of emergencies across the
infrastructure developed.

Prevention is one of the most important elements of the plan. Averting an emergency event from ever
taking place is always the top priority. Effective prevention techniques such as preventative
maintenance of high pressure gas mains can greatly reduce the risk of a gas leak or explosion.

Preparedness is ensuring that personnel are adequately trained and equipment is properly functioning
for an effective response and recovery to an emergency event. For unexpected and unpreventable
events like a terrorist attack, preparedness can be the deciding factor that prevents an isolated
incident from becoming a major disaster.

Response is actions taken to minimize the effects of an emergency. An effective and quick response
is important in all cases of emergency events in order to minimize casualties and injuries.

Recovery is defined as measures which are taken after an emergency event. Recovery measures
include but are not limited to; support of affected individuals, damage assessment, containment,
clean-up and investigation.

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C. ERP Management Structure

1. Introduction
In order to effectively implement an ERP there has to be a clear organizational structure in place to
oversee and coordinate all activities. An Emergency Response Team (ERT) is proposed which is the
management committee that oversees the functions of the Emergency Response. And an Emergency
Response Centre (ERC) or a field unit is proposed that responds to all emergency events in the field.
ERT will oversee the functions of ERC in regular basis.
2. The ERT
The ERT is the management committee that undertakes emergency planning for project assets,
ensures the ERP is effectively implemented, oversees the operation of the ERC and establishes an
operating budget for the ERC. The ERT provides the ERC with clear guidelines and procedures on
responding to emergency events.

i. Membership

The ERT is chaired by the Bangladesh Bridge Authority (BBA) and includes high level representation
from the Bangladesh Army, Police Department, Fire Department, District Commissioner’s Office and
the Disaster Management Bureau (DMB) (Refer to Figure A8.2-1 for Management Structure).

ii. Meetings

The ERT will meet quarterly to review the effectiveness of the ERC and update the ERP if necessary.
The ERT will also meet following the occurrence of an emergency event, as well as if there is a
credible threat (such as terrorist event or civil unrest) to project assets.

iii. Function

The function of the ERT is to coordinate and oversee arrangements to ensure that the ERC meets its
emergency management obligations. The Executive Director of the BBA will be the Chair of the ERT
and will nominate an Emergency Response Coordinator to coordinate with representatives from
various agencies. The Deputy Director (from the Safeguard Department-Environment) will be
updated time-to-time about progress and will join meetings of the ERT and provide feedback to the
team. He is also responsible for the coordination of administration support.

The ERT will attend to the following duties:

 Ensure appropriate representation of agencies in the ERC;

 Regular meetings of the ERT and meetings with ERC personnel;
 Regularly review and update the Emergency Risk Register;
 Initiate programs, procedures and activities to mitigate the risk to life and property within the
project jurisdiction, including increasing public awareness;
 Arrange for and manage testing and exercising of the emergency plan particularly specific
plans and emergency procedures;
 Seek funding support for emergency management related projects and programs;
 Ensure operational debriefs are undertaken after all major emergency events, and that a
report is prepared and distributed. If refinements to the procedures are identified, they are
issued and the ERP subsequently amended at review;
 Ensure that ERC members are appropriately trained and are competent in specific
emergency management;
 Review the ERP on a regular basis as necessary;
 Review the effectiveness of the ERC; and
 Ensure that all staff that has responsibilities within the ERC and all members of the ERT have
access to ERP documentation.

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Figure A8.2-1: ERT Management Structure

ERT Management Committee

Chair -Executive Director BBA

Deputy Director Member Secretary -Emergency Management Coordinator
Safeguard Media
Unit-Environment Representatives of: Communications
-Bangladesh Army Manger
-Police Department
-Fire Department
-Disaster Management Bureau

Emergency Response Operational Command

ERC Operational Network O/M Contractor

 Police Response team  Traffic Management
 Bangladesh Army  Controllers - District  Asset Management
 Fire Department Commissioners  Toll Collection
 Disaster Contractor
Management Bureau Operational Resource  Museum Operator
Management Team  Medical Clinic
 DC, Madaripur
 DC, Shariatpur
 DC, Munshiganj

3. The ERC
The ERC is responsible for monitoring the safety of the Bridge and coordinating and responding to all
emergency events. The ERC will be located in Service Areas on both ends of the bridge.

i. Organization

The Bangladesh Army, Police Force and Fire Department will each have an office in the ERC with an
adequate number of personnel from each respective agency. There will also be fully functional
medical facilities located in the ERC to deal with injuries or any other type of medical emergencies. In
the event there are a large number of medical emergencies and the ERC medical facilities are
overwhelmed, the ERC will contact the upazila, district and national Health facilities. The ERC will
ensure that the medical facilities and ambulances in all upazila Health Complex close to the project
site are adequate and functional with a monthly visit. The project may consider procuring more
ambulances for the health complex if the ambulances in the upazila Health Complex are inadequate.

ii. Resources

a. Personnel
Each agency will have a sufficient number of personnel present at the ERC. There will also be 2
administration staff and 3 cleaning staff members who will be hired by the ERT Committee. The total
number of personnel will be 245. The Position and recommended number of personnel from each
agency is given below:

Table A8.2- 1: Bangladesh Army

Position Rank No. Of Personal
Brigadier Commander 1
Lt. Cornel Commanding Officer 1

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Position Rank No. Of Personal

Major Unit Major 1
Captain Unit Commander 1
Lieutenant. Officer Level Entry Post 1
GCO Non Commission Officer 1
Subedor DO 174

Table A8.2- 2: Police Force

Position Ranks No. Of Personal
Inspector OC 1
Sub Inspector Daroga 1
Assistant Sub Inspector Investigator 1
Police Force DO 23

Table A8.2- 3: Fire Department

Position No. Of Personal
Station Officer 1
Sub Officer 1
Leader 1
Fire Truck Driver 5
Fireman 12

Table A8.2- 4: Medical Facilities

Position No. of Personal
Doctor 1
Paramedic 2
Nurse 4
Administration Staff 2
Ambulance Driver 5

b. Equipment
The annual budget for the day to day operations of the ERC and other activities such as equipment
maintenance will be established by the ERT. The total equipment cost for the ERC will be
approximately US$1,228,455. The type of equipment and cost breakdown is given in Table A8.2-5.

Table A8.2-5: Emergency Response Equipment and Cost

Equipment Quantity Unit Cost (US$) Cost (US$)) Agency
Police Vehicles 2 15,000 30,000 Police
Road Patrolling Vehicles 2 10,000 20,000 Police
Fire Truck 2 125,000 250,000 Fire Department
Ambulance 2 15,000 30,000 O/M Contractor
Towing trucks 2 30,000 60,000 Police
Railway Crane 1 500,000 500,000 Bangladesh
Railway
Heavy crane 2 100,000 200,000 Police
Hazmat suits 4 2,000 8,000 Fire Department
Life Jackets 50 40 2,000 Fire Department
Floating Boat 2 2,500 5,000 Fire Department
Sound signalling Device 15 100 1,500 Police
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Equipment Quantity Unit Cost (US$) Cost (US$)) Agency

Power Generators 2 5,000 10,000 O/M Contractor
Other LS 1,000 BBA
Medical Equipment:
Examination Table 2 250 500 O/M Contractor
Medical Trolleys 4 45 180 O/M Contractor
Stretcher 2 60 120 O/M Contractor
Screen 2 30 60 O/M Contractor
IV Stand 10 30 300 O/M Contractor
Otoscope 2 100 200 O/M Contractor
Opthalmoscope 2 300 600 O/M Contractor
Stethoscope 5 65 325 O/M Contractor
Defibrillator 2 3,930 7,860 O/M Contractor
Portable Respirator 6 35 210 O/M Contractor
X‐Ray Mobile Unit 2 50,000 100,000 O/M Contractor
First Aid Supplies 15 30 450 O/M Contractor
Other Medical Supplies 2 75 150 O/M Contractor
Total Cost 110,955
c. Meetings
The ERC will hold monthly meetings to update, coordinate and discuss emergency response
procedures.

iii. Emergency Contact List

The ERC will have up-to-date contact information (telephone numbers, alternative telephone numbers
and facsimile numbers) of individuals within the ERC, members of the ERT, BBA officials, Bangladesh
Army, local police department, fire department, DMB, BRTA, regulatory contacts, containment and
cleanup equipment contractors, structural and maintenance engineers, technical specialists, public
health, and department of environment.
4. Reporting
The ERC will submit monthly reports to the ERT. The ERC will also submit a report to the ERT
following an emergency event. The ERT will verify the preparedness of the ERC for emergency
events from the monthly reports. Also following an emergency event, the ERT will verify the
effectiveness of the response from the report submitted by the ERC.
5. Training
The ERT will review staff and contractor competency and identify training needs for committee
members, staff and/or contractors including:

 In-house training;
 Courses and workshops;
 Emergency event case studies;
 Debriefs and shared learning with or from other emergency response organizations.

II Prevention

A. Introduction
Prevention and mitigation activates work toward eliminating or reducing the impact of an event and
increasing the resilience of an affected community to recover from the consequences of an
emergency event.

Typical prevention and mitigation actions will include:

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 Setting, coordinating and reviewing the emergency management policy and programs for the
project assets;
 Management and monitoring of project asset conditions;
 Liaise between different response agencies and emergency managers (through the ERT);
 Review and update the risk register, taking into account any new or emerging risks to project
assets;
 Seeking government funding support to mitigate identified risks.

B. Emergency Risk Management

Emergency planning requires an identification and assessment of the hazards likely to cause an
emergency. Emergency risk management should be carried out in accordance with regional laws and
guidelines to identify and set priorities to be addressed within an emergency management program.

Emergency Risk Management focuses on reducing risk by modifying aspects of the source of the risk,
the community or the environment- because it is impossible to completely prevent emergency
situations from occurring.

The main benefits of emergency risk management process are:

 The process focuses on the causes of risk instead of emergencies that may result from the
risk;
 The process uses tools and approaches that are common to other risk management and
planning approaches, enabling appropriate prioritisation of treatments for action (e.g, such as
capital works or maintenance); and,
 Provides a proper basis to access funding/grants, monitor insurance costs, and minimise
opportunity for litigation and legal action.

C. Prevention through Mitigation Measures

Project risks are prevented through implementation of risk mitigation measures to address events
such as; gas main leak/explosion, traffic accidents, structural failure and other minor structural issues
(e.g., pavement). The potential risks and measures to reduce each type of risk are given in the Table
A8.2-6.
Table A8.2-6: Risk and Mitigation Measures

Risk Preventative Mitigation Measure

Flooding  Regular checking and maintenance of River Training
Works.

Traffic Accidents (Road &  Traffic Control devices (road signs and markings, speed
Rail) signs, stop signs, speed bumps and safety barriers)

 Infrastructure maintenance and improvements ( including

upgrades of road surfaces, rail lines, rail crossings,
bridges and drainage)

 Closing of bridge during extreme wind.

Spill/leak of Hazardous  Fire Department personnel in the ERC will possess

Materials in Land and Water sufficient Hazmat training and have access to an
appropriate number of Hazmat suits.

Terrorist Events/Threats  Regular contact and updates from National intelligence

agencies regarding threats.

 Random security checks at the bridge ends during threats.

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 Bangladesh Army and Police personnel will be

appropriately resourced and trained to quickly respond to
terrorist emergency events.

Gas Leak/ Explosion  Regular inspection and preventative maintenance of Gas

main according to the Operation and Maintenance Manual.

 Regular checking of Gas main pressure and pressure

valves.

Fire  Fire Department personnel in the ERC will possess

sufficient skills to respond fires resulting from any of the
above risks

D. Review of Risks
The ERT will review the risk/hazard register on bi-annually or annually or following an incident. The
review will:
 Take account of any new or emerging risks that relate to emergency management and project
assets. This may include consideration of:

o Any new developments;

o Changes in land use;

o Hazard mapping studies;

o Changes in community behavior, numbers, composition and/or patterns (e.g.

increasing traffic flows on bridge); and

o Resource availability.

 Identifying opportunities and mechanisms to treat and mitigate risks;

 Take account of new or changed risk controls; and,

 Identifying the resources required to control risks, and identify the means to attain those
resources.

III Preparedness

A. Preparedness Activities
Preparedness ensures that arrangements and resources are maintained in a state of readiness to be
mobilized and deployed for response and recovery to an emergency event.

The ERT will oversee the adequacy of preparedness in case of an emergency event and will
undertake the following preparedness activities:

 Review and update the ERP, any sub-plans and Response Procedures;
 Ensure all officers are aware of, and hold sufficient competency to perform their emergency
management roles and responsibilities;
 Arrange training and education programs for staff, contractors and community leaders,
including environmental management committee members of the resettlement site;
 Conduct exercises to test specific aspects of the ERP, and its sub-plans or procedures;
 Establishing processes for lessons learned including conducting debriefs and reviews of other
emergency events or exercises that are relevant to the project;

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 Maintain working relationships for emergency management and refreshing any specific
response and recovery support arrangements with Councils and other agencies;
 Have supporting systems in place for response and recovery e.g., cost capture and
documents and records management;
 Ensure the Emergency Response Centre is adequate, accessible and properly resourced to
meet needs during an emergency; and,
 Continual review, evaluation and auditing of emergency management arrangements,
identifying and promoting opportunities for improvement.

B. Exercises
The ERT will prepare sub-plans and procedures for the ERC on conducting test (mock)
runs/exercises. The ERT will also determine the effectiveness and efficiency of emergency
management arrangements and identify opportunities for improvement. Sample exercises will cover:

 Field exercises– where the scenario is created (e.g., a staged traffic accident or gas main
explosion) and emergency responders approach the scenario as though it were a real
situation;
 Class room exercise – Where the scenario is described and participants discuss their roles
and can examine various aspects and alternatives. This can include testing a procedure or
process.

The ERT will develop and execute an Exercise schedule. In determining what aspect of the
emergency management process will be exercised, consideration will be given to:

 Any new or emerging risks;

 Those sections of the ERP that hasn’t recently been tested (whether in operations or an
exercise);
 Where there has been specific changes in the emergency management roles or the
personnel;

If a field exercise is being planned independently of other emergency response agencies, it is

especially important to advise the local emergency services of the exercise details, so the exercise
does not disrupt their response to genuine emergency calls. The ERT shall conduct debriefs
following the exercise to identify what worked well, and what are the opportunities for improvement.
A nominated administrative staff member at the ERC will be responsible for updating the ERP
(including contact telephone numbers) and informing all plan holders of any changes. A record of
plan amendments will be maintained, the plan will be updated at least annually.

Records will be maintained of all exercises and drills and will include but not limited to the following
information; (i) Response times, (ii) Adequacy of responding personnel, (iii) Adequacy of equipment;
and (iv)Improvements needed.

C. Updating the Emergency Contact List

The emergency contact information will be reviewed and updated on a regular basis. Both an
electronic and hard copy of the Emergency Contact List will be maintained and readily available within
the ERC. Records will be kept indicating the date each time the Emergency Contact list is updated
and the electronic file location should also be kept available.

IV Response

A. Introduction
Response means effectively coordinating a response to an emergency event, limiting threat to life,
property, and the environment. Response Covers:

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 On-Site Management of the situation;

 Initial assessment and reporting of the event and location;
 Identification of communication methods;
 Coordination of resources (off-site coordination) to support the on-site management;
 Providing advice and reports of the situation to Officers higher in the chain of command;
 Ending Response actions when the situation is resolved.

B. Emergencies and Response Agencies

Figure A8.2-2 shows seven identified emergency events that may potentially affect the operation of
the Bridge and the responding agencies are described below.

Emergency Event Lead Agencies

Bangladesh Army
BWDB
Flooding DC Office
BBA
DMB

Police
Fire Department
Traffic Accidents
BRTA
(Highway and Railway) DC Office
BBA

Fire Department
Spill/leak of Hazardous Petro Bangla
Materials in Land & Water DC Office
BBA

Bangladesh Army
Police
Civil Disturbance/Riot BBA

Bangladesh Army
Terrorist Events/ Threats Police
BBA

Fire Department
Petro Bangla
Police
Gas Leak/ Explosion
DC Office
BBA

Figure A8.2-2: Emergencies and Responding Agencies

Flooding:
The banks of the Padma River are severely eroded, although River Training Works will be designed to
protect the bridge and road infrastructure from attack by the river, flooding may still be an issue of
concern for the settlement communities, service areas and approach roads that lead to the bridge.

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Traffic Accidents (Road & Rail):

The most common emergency event the ERC will have to deal with will be road traffic accidents. The
response procedures will be the same for dealing with accidents on the approach roads and bridge.
The lower deck of the bridge has a rail line and Railway accidents are of great concern due to the
constrained space and limited room for evacuation on the lower deck.

Spill/leak of Hazardous Materials in Land & Water:

Petrochemicals and other industrial chemicals are often transported by railway or freight, thus there is
always a concern of leakage or spill due to an accident, hazardous materials may leak/spill on land or
into the river. Another concern with Hazardous material emergencies is that accidents may be difficult
to contain and may quickly spread over a large area and threaten entire communities.

Civil Disturbance/Riot:
Unauthorized protest marches and assemblies have the potential to affect the safe operation of the
bridge. As well, this can lead to other emergency events such as traffic accidents.

Terrorist Event/Threat:
A Terrorist attack is always a real and credible danger especially for high level infrastructure targets
like bridges, gas lines and railways.

Gas Leak/Explosion:
A high pressure gas main is to be carried by the bridge on the lower deck. Although the risk of a gas
leak or explosion is low, it is important to address it and develop procedures due to the potential
catastrophic nature of such an emergency event.

The response procedures, probability and evacuation plan for each type of emergency event is given
in Table A8.2-7. Also, the lead agencies as well as other coordinating agencies are given for each
specific emergency event.

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Table A8.2-7: Emergency and Response

Principal Other
Emergency Event Probability Response/Action Response Coordinating Evacuation Plan
Agencies Agencies
Flooding High Minor Flooding: Bangladesh  BWDB In the case of a major flood, the
 May require short-term approach Army  DC Office Bangladesh Army would lead a
road and/or minor bridge (including  BBA major evacuation of the affected
railway) closure  DMB settlement communities.
Major Flooding:
 Approach road and bridge (including
railway) closure
 Inspections of infrastructure for
damage after flood waters have sub-
sided.
Traffic Accidents Very High  Short-term closure of effected road Police  Fire In the case of accidents and other
lanes Department road emergencies, the affected
 Towing of damaged vehicles  Health lane will be temporarily shut-down
 Alerting upazila Health Complex (if Department and vehicles will be directed
applicable)  BRTA through unaffected lanes. In the
 DC Office
event of a major traffic accident,
 BBA
all lanes on affected side will be
closed and a lane on the opposite
side of the road will temporarily be
used for vehicle evacuation (i.e., if
the entire North-bound traffic side
of the road is blocked, it will be
sealed off and a lane on the
South-Bound traffic side of the
road will be used for North-bound
traffic).
Railway Accidents Low  Closure of railway line and Police  Fire In the case of a railway line
evacuation of passengers Department emergency, passengers will be
 Moving of damaged locomotives and  Health evacuated through walkways on
cars by crane if required. Department
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Environmental Impact Assessment Report A8-45
June 7, 2010
 Annex 8-3

Principal Other
Emergency Event Probability Response/Action Response Coordinating Evacuation Plan
Agencies Agencies
 Inspection of railway line and lower  Bangladesh both sides of the railway envelop,
bridge deck after emergency has Railway augmented by intermediate exit
been mitigated.  DC Office points to the upper bridge road
 Alerting upazila Health Complex  BBA level. Passenger evacuation
walkways on both sides of the rail
line will be used.
Spill/Leak of Low  Containment of leak/spill Fire Department  Petro In the case of a major toxic
Hazardous  Closure of bridge and approach Bangla chemical spill/leak, the lower and
Materials in Land roads  DC Office upper decks of the bridge will be
 BBA
& Water  Evaluation of risk and danger to evacuated. Railway passengers
surrounding communities on the lower deck would be
 Alerting and evacuation of evacuated to the nearest railway
surrounding populations (if required) stations. Vehicles on the upper
 Clean-up once emergency has been deck of the bridge would be
mitigated directed to evacuate to the nearest
safe exit point of the bridge. The
Bangladesh Army would lead an
evacuation of the surrounding
settlement communities if
necessary.
Civil Disturbance Low  Security check points, or Bangladesh  Police In the event there is a major
/Riot  Closure of the Bridge and approach Army  BBA disturbance and traffic safety is
roads affected, the bridge will be
temporarily closed and vehicles
will be exited off the bridge to the
closest exit point.
Terrorist Medium Credible Terrorist Threat: Bangladesh  Police In the case of a terrorist event, the
Event/Threats  Increased security and police Army  BBA lower and upper decks of the
presence bridge would be evacuated.
 Security check points, or Railway passengers on the lower

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Environmental Impact Assessment Report A8-46
June 7, 2010
 Annex 8-3

Principal Other
Emergency Event Probability Response/Action Response Coordinating Evacuation Plan
Agencies Agencies
 Closure of the Bridge deck would be evacuated to the
nearest railways station and
Actual Terrorist Event: vehicles on the bridge would be
 Closure of the Bridge and approach directed to evacuate to the nearest
roads safe exit point of the bridge.
 Evacuation of all levels of the Bridge
 Appropriate police and/or military
action
Gas Low  Closure of Bridge Fire Department  Petro Railway passengers on the lower
Leak/Explosion  Control and containment of accident Bangla deck will be directed to evacuate
site  Police to the nearest railway station
 DC Office
 Inspection of infrastructure after and/or through walkways on both
emergency has been mitigated  BBA sides of the railway envelope exit
points to the upper bridge deck.
Vehicles on the upper bridge deck
would be directed to evacuate to
the nearest safe exit point of the
bridge

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Final Report (Environmental Action Plan)
Environmental Impact Assessment Report A8-47
June 7, 2010
 Annex 8-3

C. Management of Multiple Emergency Events

There is a possibility that one emergency event may trigger or lead to another emergency event,
which is called domino effect. The most probable multiple emergency event scenarios and their
management procedures are given below:

 Traffic accident (highway or railway) leading to spill/leak of hazardous materials in land or

water: Procedures for dealing with spill/leak of hazardous materials will take precedence over
traffic accident procedures. Rescuing of injured passengers in a hazardous materials zone
will be at the fire departments discretion. The evacuation plan for hazardous materials
spill/leak will be followed as described in the above table.
 Terrorist attack leading to gas main explosion: A complete evacuation of the bridge will be
implemented as described in the table above (evacuation plans for terrorist attack and gas
main explosion are the same).

D. Communication Plan
Security guards, patrol personnel and rail drivers will carry two-way radios and/or other
communication devices with them at all times. In the event, an emergency incident is reported to, or
observed by a Bridge operating personnel; they shall immediately report it to the ERC. The ERC will
then contact the appropriate agencies to deal with the emergency event. Operating personnel will be
trained how to react in emergency response and reporting protocol. For a description of which
agencies are contacted in what types of emergency events, see section 4.2 Emergencies and
Response. The ERC will also immediately notify the ERT and BBA, if warranted.

E. Logistics
When multiple agencies are responding to an emergency event, the movement of personnel and
equipment must be properly coordinated and organized for an effective response.

For accidents during transportation and emergencies, Police and Paramedics will be the first
responders. The police will seal off the corridor to prevent unauthorized personnel from entering, then
the Fire Department, and all other appropriate agencies will follow.

For all fire related and hazardous material emergencies, the Fire Department will be the lead agency.
Once it has been deemed safe by the Fire Department, all other appropriate agencies will follow.

For flooding and terrorist events, the Bangladesh Army will be the first agency to respond. All other
agencies will follow when given authorization by the Bangladesh Army.

For civil disturbance /riot, Police will respond and if deemed necessary, the Bangladesh Army will
respond and take over the lead from the Police.

F. Public Relations and Media

In the event of an emergency, the ERT will release all media information, warning information and
updates. Information to be provided may include, but not necessarily be limited to:

 Nature of the emergency event,

 Likely duration,
 Alternative routes,
 Alternative transport options, and
 Advice to delay or cancellation of planned journeys.

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Environmental Impact Assessment Report A8-48
June 7, 2010
 Annex 8-3

V Recovery

A. Recovery Management
Recovery is defined as measures which support emergency affected individuals and communities in
the reconstruction of physical infrastructure and restoration of emotional, economic and physical well-
being.
The ERT will typically manage the following operations:

 Damage assessment and categorization;

 Provision of temporary services;
 Reinstatement of traffic signals and road signs.
 Reinstatement of environmental and workplace standards.

B. Cleanup
In the event of gas leak/explosion or hazardous material spill appropriate clean-up of the affected
area will be conducted once the emergency has been mitigated. Appropriate measures will be taken
to ensure the safety of the clean-up workers in the case of hazardous material spills.

C. Investigative Follow-Up
In the case of emergency events such as serious transportation accidents, gas leak/explosion,
hazardous material spills and terrorist events, a through investigative follow-up will be conducted by
the ERC and a report of the findings will be sent to the ERT.

The report may include, but is not limited to the following sections:
 Cause of emergency;
 Evaluation of response time;
 Evaluation of emergency response procedures;
 Recommendations to mitigate future such emergencies.

VI Other ERPs

The present ERP is a base ERP to be followed by BBA as an institution, but there will be separate
specialized ERPs prepared by the contractors pertaining to their work. The Civil Works Contractors
will have to prepare their ERPs, to be followed during construction time. The Gasmain Operator will
have their own ERP to be followed during construction and operation of the pipeline due to its specific
nature. The bridge operator will also prepare a more specific and detailed ERP based on this ERP
and allocated resources under their contract.

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Final Report (Environmental Action Plan)
Environmental Impact Assessment Report A8-49
June 7, 2010
Annex 9-1: Roles and Responsibilities of Various Agencies
involved in EMMP Implementation

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Enviromental Assessment Report A9-1-1
June 7, 2010
 Annex 9-1: Roles and Responsibilities of Various Agencies involved in EMMP Implementation

Agency Role Responsibilities

Bangladesh Executing Agency ,  Direct and supervise the Project Implementation Unit
Bridge Authority Overall project (PIU)
(BBA) management,  Provide technical direction and monitoring of all
Planning and aspects of the project
programming of  Set standards and guidelines and confirm design
Project components procedures
Submission of reports  Monitor the status of the Loan and all related
as per Co-financiers’ commitments (through the PIU)
requirements  Responsible for operation and maintenance of the
Project after completion of construction.
 Responsible for the implementation of EMMP during
O/M
Project Day-to-day  Obtaining necessary clearances or permits from DOE
Implementation management and  Ensure that all Project activities are well-managed and
Unit (PIU) implementation of the coordinated.
project
 Procurement of works and goods.
 Recruitment of CSC, NGOs, and other monitoring
consultants
 Preparation of monthly and annual progress reports
on overall project implementation and submission to
the Co-financiers.
Environmental Monitoring of  Ensuring inclusion of EMP in bidding documents
Unit (EU) implementation of  Ensuring contractors’ access to EIA and EMP
EMMP
 Supervise the implementation of EMMP
 Ensure that all the project activities are carried out in
environmentally sound manner.
 Ensure that environmental aspects are well addressed
in Resettlement Sites
 Coordination with EMC, CSC and POE. Closely
coordinate with other concerned agencies, local
governments and communities to support
implementation
 Preparation of progress reports on implementation of
EMMP,
Environmental Monitoring the  Oversee environmental related activities and take
Management implementation status policy decisions
Committee of the environmental  advise, supervise and guide activities of the EU in all
(EMC) activities of EMMP environmental issues, strategies and policy matters
 meet at regular intervals and monitor the
implementation status of the environmental activities
of the EMMP
 guide coordination of inter-departmental activities
Department of Issue of environmental  Ensure environmental issues are considered and
Environment permits and monitoring addressed in EMMP accordance with Government
(DOE) of EMMP laws and regulations
 Approval of Environmental Assessment Reports and
issue of ECC
 Coordination with EU to address any critical issues
Construction Lead entity in  Develop an environmental auditing protocol for the
Supervision supervision of the construction period, and formulate a detailed

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Final Report (Environmental Action Plan)
Enviromental Assessment Report A9-1-2
June 7, 2010
 Agency Role Responsibilities
Consultant, implementation of monitoring plan
(CSC) EMMP  Supervise civil works, including compliance with
safeguards
 Support EU field office in supervise the monitoring of
implementing mitigation measures
 Materials testing and certification of payments to
contractors, as well as documentation and reporting
 Provide on-the-job training to EU
Institutional Capacity building of Assist BBA to ensure incorporation of the EMMP
Strengthening BBA and monitoring of measures suggested in the EIA report in the overall
and implementation of project, including ecological survey as per the framework
implementation EMMP during developed in the EMMP.
of EMMP construction and O/M At the post-construction phases, the Consultant will
Consultants stages assist PIU BBA to conduct environmental monitoring of:
 Environmental quality survey
 Wildlife survey
 Plantation/greenbelt program, and
 Erosion and accretion.
Contractor Implementation of  Responsible for implementation of mitigation and
EMMP monitoring measures proposed in the EMMP
 Each contractor will recruit one Environmental
Specialist and one Occupational, Health and Safety
(OH) Specialist, who will be responsible for
implementing the contractors’ environmental
responsibilities, and liaising with government
agencies.
RHD, DoF, Advising and assisting  Support EU in monitoring of implementation of EMMP
DPHE, local EU  Providing necessary guidance and advise to EU in
government implementation of EMMP

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Enviromental Assessment Report A9-1-3
June 7, 2010
Annex 9-2: Environmental Management Committee of
PIU

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Final Report (Environmental Action Plan)
Enviromental Assessment Report A9-2-4
June 7, 2010
 Annex 9- 2: Environmental Management Committee of PIU, BBA

Sl. No. Name, Designation EMC Designation

1. Executive Director, BBA, Dhaka Chairman
2. Director (Admin), BBA, Dhaka Member
3. Project Director, PMBA, BBA, Dhaka Member
4. Prof. Dr. Aimun Nishat, Country Representative, Member
IUCN, Bangladesh Office, Dhaka
5. Prof. Dr. M. Feroze Ahmed, Professor, Member
Department of Civil Engineering, BUET, Dhaka
6. Joint Secretary, Ministry of Environment and Member
Forest, Dhaka
7. Director General, Department of Environment, Member
Dhaka
8. Dean, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University Member
of Dhaka
9. Chief Engineer, Roads and Highways Member
Department, Dhaka
10. Chief Engineer (Central Zone), Bangladesh Member
Water Development Board, Dhaka
11. Director General, Water Resource Planning Member
Organization, Ministry of Water Resources,
Dhaka
12. Chief Engineer, Local Government Engineering Member
Department, Dhaka
13. Chief Engineer, Department of Public Health Member
Engineering, Dhaka
14. Director General, Directorate of Fisheries, Dhaka Member
15. Addl. Director (EU), PMBA, BBA, Dhaka Member – Secretary
16. Superintending Engineer (Roads), PMBA, BBA, Member
Dhaka
17. Superintending Engineer (RTW), PMBA, BBA, Member
Dhaka
18. Dr. Masud Karim, Environmental Specialist, Member
Maunsell Ltd., Design Consultant, Dhaka
19. Dr. Jakir Hossain, Wildlife Specialist, Dhaka Member
20. Executive Director, BRAC, Dhaka Member
21. Upazila Chairman, Janjira, Shariatpur Member
22. Upazila Chairman, Louhajang, Munshiganj Member
23. Upazila Chairman, Shibchar, Madariput Member

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June 7, 2010
Annex 9 3: TOR for Environmental Specialists of CSC

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Enviromental Assessment Report A9-3-6
June 7, 2010
 Annex 9- 3: TOR for Consulting Services for Environmental Consultants of CSC

A. Objective

The primary objectives of the consulting services under environmental management are to:

 ensure that the construction methods as proposed by the contractor for carrying out the works
are satisfactory, with particular references to the technical requirements of sound
environmental standards on the basis of harmonized safeguard requirements (proposed in
the EIA, this includes Government, ADB/ World Bank/ JICA, and other co-financers’
environmental guidelines), inspection of contractors’ construction equipment, review
contractor’s health, and safety standards, inspect construction yards and work camps,
interview contractors’ personnel and general public;

 ensure that the recommendations of the environmental management and monitoring plan
(EMMP), community environmental management plan (CEMP) and environmental code of
practices (ECPs) are strictly followed by the contractors;

 prepare quarterly environmental monitoring and annual report of implementing these plans as
part of project implementation report, and carry out environmental management seminars for
contractors and BBA staffs; and

 monitor the implementation of the health and safety program at work site including the
information and education campaign on sexually-transmitted diseases and HIV/AIDS (human
immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome) as required by the civil works
contracts

B. Resources

The Environment Unit will be headed by a Unit Leader, who will be responsible for overall
management of the environmental work. The consulting services will require the following input;

Sl. No Expertise Input (PM)

A International Consultants
1 Unit Leader/Environmental Specialist 1 18
2 Environmental Specialist 2 24
Environmental Specialist (Dredging and
3 24
RTW) 3
Subtotal (A) 66
B National Consultants
1 Environmental Specialists/Engineers (2) 72
2 Ecologist 24
3 Environment, Health, and Safety Specialist 36
4 Community Environmental Specialist 24
5 Field Surveyors (3) 108
Subtotal (B) 264
Total (A+B) 330

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Enviromental Assessment Report A9-3-7
June 7, 2010
 C. International Consultants

1. Unit Leader/Environmental Specialist 1 and Environmental Specialist 2

Responsibilities

The duties of the Consultant shall include, but not limited to:
 update the EMMP and CEMP prepared by design consultant;
 ensure that the construction methods as proposed by the contractor for
carrying out the works are satisfactory, with particular references to the
technical requirements of sound environmental standards on the basis of the
EIA;
 carry out environmental management seminars for contractors and BBA staff;
 prepare quarterly environmental monitoring and annual reports of implementing
the EMMP and CEMP as part of project implementation report;
 monitor the implementation of the health and safety program at work sites
including the information and education campaign on sexually-transmitted
diseases and HIV/AIDS (human immunodeficiency virus/acquired
immunodeficiency syndrome) as required by the civil works contracts.

2. Environmental Specialist (Dredging and RTW) 3

Responsibilities
The duties of the Consultant shall include, but not limited to:
 ensure that the construction methods as proposed by the contractor (especially
dredging contractor) for carrying out the works are satisfactory, with particular
references to the technical requirements of the ECP, EMMP and EIA reports;
 carry out environmental management seminars for contractors and BBA staff;
 prepare quarterly environmental monitoring and annual reports of
implementing the EMMP as part of project implementation report;
 monitor the implementation of the health and safety program at work sites.

D. National Consultants

1. National Environmental Specialists/Engineers

Responsibilities

The duties of the Consultant shall include, but not limited to:

 Assist international environmental specialists in ensuring that that the

construction methods as proposed by the contractor for carrying out the works
are satisfactory, with particular references to the technical requirements of
sound environmental standards on the basis of EMMP;
 Assist international environmental specialists in preparing quarterly
environmental monitoring and annual report of implementing this plan as part of
project implementation report, and carry out environmental management
seminars for contractors and BBA staff;
 Assist in plantation and greenbelt development work along the road and other
project site as proposed in the EMMP;
 Ensure that the contractors do not damage the existing plantations.

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Final Report (Environmental Action Plan)
Enviromental Assessment Report A9-3-8
June 7, 2010
 2. National Ecologist

Responsibilities

The Ecologist will be responsible for:

 Monitoring sections on ecological aspects in the documents pertaining to the

EIA study of Padma Bridge;
 Reviewing the environmental management and monitoring plan (EMMP)
including mitigation plan, enhancement plan and contingency plan pertaining to
ecological aspects;
 provide inputs to the quarterly and annual reports;
 Monitoring the impacts of Padma Bridge on the flora and fauna using indicators
selected in the EMMP and ecological report.

3. National Environment, Health, and Safety Specialist

Responsibilities

The Environment, Health, and Safety Specialist will be responsible for:

 ensure worksite health and safety aspects of the contractors’ work as per
EMMP and ECPs;
 assist international environmental specialist in creating awareness on
HIV/AIDS among the construction workers and local community;
 provide inputs to the quarterly and annual reports;
 draft a leaflet in Bengali for distribution to local community on HIV/AIDS and
STD.

4. National Community Environmental Specialist

Responsibilities

The Community Environmental Specialist will be responsible for:

 ensure that the construction methods in the Resettlement Sites (RS) as

proposed by the contractor for carrying out the works are satisfactory, with
particular references to the technical requirements of sound environmental
standards on the basis of the CEMP/IEE for RS;
 involve in community awareness for improved environmental conditions,
community-based public hygiene program, rainwater harvesting, alternative
energy for income generation, and compost from organic waste;
 provide inputs to the quarterly and annual reports;
 involve in various consultation programs with the affected communities and
coordinate with the contractors for the disclosure of various work activities.

5. Field Surveyors (3)

Responsibilities

The Field Surveyors will be responsible for:

 Work under the guidance of the EIA team, especially the ecologist and collect
data and monitor ecological resources in bi-monthly basis as recommended in
the EIA through various defined methodologies such as RRA, PRA, technical
sampling, fisheries activities, fish culture and pond management, aquaculture
extension service, etc.
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Enviromental Assessment Report A9-3-9
June 7, 2010
  be exclusively engaged in the project site and influence area and responsible
for collecting secondary data from the concerned agencies.
 be exclusively engaged to work in close association with the local government
institutions, NGOs and maintaining all sorts of liaisons with different institutions
and officials.

E. Budget

S.No. Item Unit Qty Rate, USD Amount, USD

1 Remuneration of International Consultants man-month 66 28,000 1,848,000
2 Remuneration of National Consultants
(i) Environmental Specialists man-month 156 4,000 624,000
(ii) Field Researchers man-month 108 2,000 216,000
3 International Travel - Airfare round trip 15 5,000 75,000
Total 2,763,000

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Final Report (Environmental Action Plan)
Enviromental Assessment Report A9-3-10
June 7, 2010
Annex 9 4: Sample MOU for Twining Arrangements

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Final Report (Environmental Action Plan)
Enviromental Assessment Report A9-4-11
June 7, 2010
 Annex 9- 4: Sample Memorandum of Understanding
Between
Safeguard (Environment and Resettlement) Unit, Bangladesh Bridge Authority referred to as ‘SU’
hereafter, Office Premises at [Address] Dhaka, Bangladesh
and
Centre for Environment and Geographic Information Services referred to as ‘CEGIS’ hereafter, Office
premises at [Address]
[Month, Year]

1.0 Purpose of this MoU

SU’s mission is to safeguard Bangladesh’s citizens and environment from impacts influenced by any
activity on BBA projects throughout the project life and address all environment and social issues
related to its projects in their planning stage. This requires knowledge and capacity to realize its
mission, SD has two divisions addressing Environmental and Social aspects. To accomplish their
functions, SD requires to collaborate with esteemed institutions to strengthen their capacity.

CEGIS' mission as a scientifically independent centre of excellence is to support the management of

natural resources for sustainable socio-economic development using integrated environmental
analysis, geographic information systems, remote sensing, and information technology.

The services and products of CEGIS relate to advice and consultancy, research and development and
training to assist in enhancing the quality of planning, implementation and monitoring of
projects/programs in both public and private sectors.

CEGIS in its pursuit of sustainable planning will cooperate, support and strengthen in accomplishing
SU’s work by providing ‘training’ and ‘other services’ (like developing analytical models, GIS based
solutions, etc).

With this objective, SD and CEGIS are entering into this MoU.

2.0 Scope of the MoU

a. To develop mechanism to mainstream environment and social considerations in ‘Planning’ of

projects
b. To provide technical support to each other
c. To strengthen SU’s staff capacity.
d. To cooperate in using infrastructure facilities.

3.0 Framework of Roles and Responsibilities

In order to fulfil the above purpose, the following framework of Roles and Responsibilities is proposed.

a. CEGIS in conjunction with SD will develop mechanism using GIS, MIS tools to mainstream
environment and social aspects in planning of projects undertaken by BBA.

b. CEGIS will support and cooperate in establishing SU’s Data Management division (D.M. dn.)

c. CEGIS will be responsible to develop tailor made training sessions for SD staff on the
softwares (models, early warning systems, and other GIS- MIS based solutions) prepared for
SU.

d. CEGIS will extend its support to SD in updating these softwares as and when required.

e. CEGIS will provide GIS training to SD in enhancing their capacity.

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June 7, 2010
 f. As a future prospect, under this MoU, CEGIS and SD will jointly explore possibilities of
partnering with additional institutions if requited to further enhance and increase outreach of
the programmes.

6.0 Remuneration

Following principles of remuneration are proposed - The costs will be calculated on a reasonable basis
and not at fully commercial rate.

a. For Supporting training courses offered by CEGIS:

 Faculty from CEGIS will be remunerated as per their payment requirements.

 Tailor made training programs will be remunerated as per contracted value.

b. For developing models and other softwares for SD will be remunerated as per contract
schedule.

7.0 Additional Notes

 CEGIS and SD will appoint a Coordinator at each end to ensure satisfactory implementation of
the activities proposed in this MoU

 Quarterly meetings will be organized at SD to review progress, to resolve matters and to

propose new activities if any.

 This MoU will be annexed with details that will specify further details on cost and revenue
sharing prior execution of actual activities.

 The MoU will be valid for a period of three years from the date of execution.

 In the case of any dissatisfaction and/or disputes, either of the institutions will discuss the
matters jointly on an amicable basis and dissolve the MoU prematurely through a letter of
exchange ensuring that no disadvantage or harm is caused to all concerned.

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June 7, 2010
Annex 9-5: Outline Terms of Reference for Consulting
Services for Capacity Building in
Environmental Management and Monitoring

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Enviromental Assessment Report A9-5-14
June 7, 2010
 Annex 9-5: Outline Terms of Reference for Consulting Services For Capacity Building In
Environmental Management And Monitoring
A. Background
1. A capacity building program in environmental impact assessment and management has been
proposed for ‘Padma Multipurpose Bridge Project’ (PMBP). The program will (a) prepare training
programs and manuals in environmental management and monitoring and (b) conduct training
programs to improve the capability of ‘implementation staff’ in monitoring the implementation of
environmental management and monitoring plan (EMMP) of the Project. This will be done through a
program of technical assistance and training over a period of 12 months.
B. Objectives of the Services
2. The objectives of the services are: (a) to make EU personnel familiar with environmental
issues and impacts related to PMBP and to improve their skills in management and monitoring and
evaluation of the EMMP (b) to develop and deliver training programs on environmental management
and monitoring to all implementation agencies; and (c) to develop and deliver training on
environmental monitoring, evaluation and reporting to all implementation agencies.
C. Scope of Work
Task 1: Preparation of Training Modules on Environmental Management and Monitoring:

3. The purpose of this task is to develop training modules and manuals on (i) environmental issues
related to PMBP, (ii) environmental impact assessment of PMBP, (iii) environmental management and
monitoring plan of PMBP, (iv) management and monitoring and evaluation of PMBP.

4. Training in Module 1 on environmental issues related to PMBP will broadly include:

 Introduction to PMBP and detailed description of its components, viz. main bridge,
River training works, approach road and rail, bridge end facilities, service areas,
construction yards, resettlement sites, and associated activities.
 General environmental issues associated with large bridge projects with special
emphasis on Jamuna and Mukhterpur bridges.
 Environmental policy, legislation and standards Bangladesh, and environmental
guidelines of co-financers
 Development and implementation of environmental management system

5. Training in Module 2 on environmental impact assessment of PMBP will broadly include:

 environmental impact assessment processes and the environmental studies
conducted for the PMBP
 Environmental baseline data of PMBP including physical, ecological and social
resources, and environmental quality.
 Environmental impacts of PMBP

6. Training in Module 3 on environmental management and monitoring plan (EMMP) of PMBP will
broadly include:
 General concepts of EMMP and environmental planning
 Preparation of environmental action plans for various components based on EMMP
 Organizational responsibilities and implementation schedules

7. Training in Module 4 on management and monitoring and evaluation of PMBP will broadly
include:
 Monitoring techniques and methods for various components of EMMP
 Collection and analysis of environmental quality data, and Interpretation of monitoring
parameters
 Reporting of environmental monitoring

Task 2: Deliver Training Programs on Environmental Management and Monitoring:

8. The purpose of this task is to deliver a series of training programs for all the activities proposed in
Task 1 to all the implementing agencies of the Project.

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9. Based on the above scope of works, the consultant will carry out the following activities:
 Undertake training need assessment for stakeholders including the implementation /
construction personnel.
 Devise training programs based on EIA report and site visits to the Project area
 Prepare a staff training plan and associated materials (modules).
 Evaluate the trainings.
 Modify the training modules as necessary.
 Hand over the final training modules to the BBU for use in future training.
 Prepare training reports.
D. Organization and Staffing
10. The services are expected to be provided over a 12 month period by a team comprising one
environmental specialist/team leader, one training delivery specialist, and one curriculum/material
development specialist. Details of proposed professionals and their required input are shown below.

Details of Proposed Consultants

No Input
Items (Man Months)
A. Key Professional Staff
1. Environmental Specialist/Team Leader 1 6
2. Training Delivery Specialist 1 12
3. Curriculum/Material Development Specialist 1 12
B. Support Staff
4. Computer Operator 1 12

Environmental Specialist/Team Leader:

 The environmental specialist will be the training organizer and must have a minimum of 10
years experience in environmental management training in relation to transport infrastructure
projects. The specialist must possess a relevant masters degree preferably doctorate degree
in Environmental Engineering or Sciences.
 He/she should have understanding in the BBA area of responsibility in the context of
Environmental Management System for Large Bridge Construction. The Team Leader will be
directly involved with the management and coordination of planning, programming,
implementing, and monitoring activities of training organization and be conversant with training
management system, delivery methodologies, evaluation techniques and project related
training.
 In general, he/she will hold the overall responsibility for the completion of all tasks as
described in these TOR. Responsibilities include the establishment of close cooperation and
good working relationship with EU’s Additional Director, the related government agencies, and
other organizations that have a relation to the project.

Training Delivery Specialist:

 The Training Delivery Specialist will support the Team Leader in Training Delivery. He/she
should have a minimum educational level of master degree in environmental field with 4 years
of related experience in training and EIA studies. The specific tasks include, but are not limited
to the following: (a) coordinate training delivery system, (b) responsible for implementation of
training, (c) responsible for revisions to the modules based on feedback from the
implementation of the courses, (d) collecting data and information concerning the training
participants, and (e) analysing and evaluating the training impact.

Curriculum/Material Development Specialist:

 The Curriculum Specialist/ Material Development Specialist will support the Team Leader in
Training Delivery. The Specialist will work on preparing training modules and materials.

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  He/She will have a wide range of knowledge on procedures and processes involved in
developing environmental management system, and design training modules and materials.
 He/She will be a qualified professional of any discipline with 3 years experience in
Curriculum/Material Development. He/She will also have a knowledge and experience in the
assessment methods use to evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed training. The
Specialist will be fully familiar with the delivery methods to be employed to conduct various
kinds of training courses.

E. Supervision

11. The team will work in association with the PIU, reporting to the project director of the PIU on a
day-to-day basis. Overall supervision will be done by the EU.

F. Outputs

12. The team’s outputs will include: (i) an inception report at the end of the first month, (iii) a draft final
report at the end of 11th month, containing a description of achievements, details of the training
services provided, including all materials, an assessment of their effectiveness in meeting objectives,
and recommendations for further training assistance, (iii) and a final report at the end of assignment.
Further, a bimonthly report will be submitted by the consultant at the end of each second month until
tenth month. All reports will be submitted both in English

13. In addition, the team will prepare training materials for both training programs. Each training
program will consist of about 10 modules including some case studies and worked out examples. The
draft training modules should be submitted to the SDEA before conducting training programs for
evaluation and final training modules will be presented at the end of assignment.
G. Budget
Unit
Total
Item Unit Cost, Quantity
Cost, US$
US$
A. Remuneration and Per Diems
i Key Professional Staff
Team Leader and Environmental Specialist MM 25,000 6 150,000
Training Delivery Specialist MM 4,000 12 48,000
Curriculum/Material Development Specialist MM 5,000 12 60,000
ii Support Staff
Computer Operator MM 2,000 12 24,000
Sub Total A 270,000
B. Airfare and Transport
i. Airfare RT 5,000 3 15,000
ii. Local Transport Day 100 10 1,000
Sub Total B 16,000
C. Training Module Preparation and
Production No 4 2500 10,000
D. Training Allowance days 64 50 3,200
F. Contingency (10% of subtotal, A+B+C+D) LS 1 4,520
Grand Total (A+B+C+D) 328,800

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Annex 9 6: Framework for the Establishment of an
Environmental Management System

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 Annex 9-6: Framework for the Establishment of an Environmental Management System

A. Introduction

1. Environmental management system (EMS) of an organization refers to the tool the organization
employs toward management of its environmental programs in a comprehensive, systematic, planned
and documented manner. A fully implemented EMC must have the following components:

Figure A9.6-1: Components of EMS

 An environmental policy that includes a commitment to continual improvement and

prevention of pollution.
 A method of establishing and maintaining a procedure to identify all environmental
aspects of its activities.
 Documented environmental objectives and targets for each relevant function and level
within the organization.
 A program for achieving environmental objectives and targets, which an emphasis on
continual improvement.
 Training, awareness and competence in environmental areas.
 Internal communications, response to relevant communications from external
interested parties, and process for external communication on its significant
environmental aspects
 Documentation, document control, and operational control.
 Emergency preparedness and response.
 Checking and corrective action.
 EMS internal audits.
 Management review.

2. A framework for each of the EMS components are presented in the following sections

B. Environmental Policy Framework

3. BBA will formulate an explicit policy for the environmental management of its business. The EMS is
a tool to ensure that the BBA environmental policy will be efficiently implemented by all project
implementation units and field offices at all the project sites and the areas that are directly and

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indirectly influenced by the project. This section proposes a policy statement and guiding principles for
implementing the policy as part of the normal conduct of the business.

1. Suggested Policy Statement

3. The BBA environmental policy should:

(i) be relevant to activities

(ii) comply with national environmental legislation and standards
(iii) commit to the prevention of pollution
(iv) commit to continual improvement
(v) commit to setting environmental objectives and targets
(vi) be known to employees and public, and
(vii) adopt, wherever and whenever possible, clean technologies in design, construction, and
operation of project facilities

4. Based on these principles, the following policy statement for BBA is suggested. The BBA will
revise the statement as appropriate based on the above principles.

Our core business is to establish large bridges, toll roads and elevated expressways in
Bangladesh. We give utmost importance to environmental aspects in planning, designing,
construction and operation of our businesses in internationally accepted standards in full
compliance with all relevant national laws, regulations, and standards. We will strive to excel in
this endeavour with full involvement of our staff and the public.

2. Guiding Principles for Policy Implementation

5. The following guiding principles are suggested for implementation of BBA’s environmental policy:

(i) BBA will review the project environmental impact assessment and the EMMP to identify
gaps or inadequacies that could undermine environmental integrity of the project. If such
inadequacies are found, BBA will initiate dialogue with relevant agencies on measures to
improve the environmental impact assessment and EMMP.
(ii) BBA will review the detailed designs and specifications prepared by the engaged design
consultants to ensure that they are environmentally sound and fully comply with the EMS.
(iii) BBA will include EMMP in the construction contracts along with appropriate
environmental management clauses, and ensure that the contractors fully comply with the
EMMP and applicable national rules and regulations.
(iv) BBA will hire contractors who are compliant of ISO 14001 EMS certification, OHSAH
18000 (2007) related Occupational Health and Safety (OHS) and SA 8000 (Social
Accountability) for all major works
(v) BBA will fully comply with the environmental monitoring and reporting requirements
during construction as prescribed in the EMMP and in compliance with applicable national
laws and regulations.
(vi) BBA will fully comply with environmental monitoring and reporting requirements during
the operation of project facilities as prescribed in the EMMP in compliance with applicable
national laws and regulations.
(vii) BBA will create a structure to monitor the environmental performance of each project site
in such areas as noise, air pollution, water use, waste management, energy use and
greenery.
(viii) BBA will ensure that all PAPs have no pending issues related to compensation and
resettlement assistance.
(ix) BBA will implement an appropriate public information program related to its environmental
and social management activities.
(x) BBA will continue to be an active partner of the communities in which it operates.

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C. Planning Framework

6. BBA will formulate a planning program to meet its policy and to address all possible identified
environmental aspects of its organizational and project related activities. BBA will establish objectives
and targets for its operations and develop and implement necessary programs to achieve its objectives
and targets. A framework of the planning and clear work program that BBA will establish includes:

(i) terms of reference for environmental assessment studies by giving special emphasis on
ecological resources and environmental pollution
(ii) review of environmental impact assessment, EMMP, and detailed designs prepared by
the engaged design consultants and approved by the DOE
(iii) changes or modifications of the EMMP and detailed designs
(iv) review of environmental, health, safety and social management plan of the contractor’s
proposal
(v) preparation and incorporation of environmental management clauses in the construction
contracts
(vi) monitoring and evaluation of contractor’s complaisance with EMMP requirements in the
contract during construction and operation stage
(vii) audit of environmental management compliance during the construction and operation of
the projects and their associated facilities, and rectification of non compliance and partial
compliance; and
(viii) monitoring and evaluation of environmental activities (including environmental quality
monitoring such as air, noise and water quality) as parts of routine operations of the
projects and their associated facilities
(ix) coordination with DOE to keep updated on the recent requirements on environmental
monitoring and inspection activities
(x) reporting BBA’s environmental performance

7. BBA will carry out all these activities in compliance with financiers and government requirements
(Environmental Conservation Act, 1995 and Environment Conservation Rules, 1997). BBA will get
necessary environmental approval for its projects from the DOE.

D. Implementation and Operation Framework

8. BBA will provide the following necessary requirements for the effective implementation and
operation of its Plan:

(i) Provide the resources needed to establish, implement, maintain and improve the it’s EMS
(ii) Establish environmental management roles, responsibilities and authorities to define,
document and communicate its EMS.
(iii) Deliver training and awareness programs to make sure that staff are competent to
implement the EMS.
(iv) Establish, implement and maintain a procedures to control it’s internal and external
communications procedure
(v) Document it’s environmental policy, environmental objectives, environmental targets,
scope and main parts of EMS
(vi) Control environmental management documents as required by the ISO 14001 2004
standard and it’s EMS
(vii) Identify environmentally significant operations and establish procedures to manage and
control operational situations that could have significant environmental impacts.
(viii) Review emergency response plan prepared by the design consultant and test the
procedures
(ix) Health and safety aspects of the operation of the project facilities

9. Environmental specialists of proposed safeguard unit (Manager, Environmental Engineer, and

Environment, Health and Safety Specialist) are responsible for development and implementation of
EMS.

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10. A series of training programs are proposed under the PMBP to enhance the skills of the BBA staff
in environmental aspects and EMS. The consultants to be hired for training are responsible for devise
necessary required training programs. However, following training programs should be included for
effective implementation of EMS:

(i) Implementation and auditing of EMS

(ii) Documentation requirements of ISO 14001 2004
(iii) Internal and external communications
(iv) Internal audit

E. Verification and Corrective Action Framework

11. The requirements under this component of EMS are:

(i) Monitoring and Measurement: establish monitoring and measurement capabilities to

maintain the monitoring programs suggested in the EMS Planning, EIA and EMMP
(ii) Evaluation and Compliance: establish, implement and maintain a procedure to
periodically evaluate how well the BBA complies with all relevant environmental
requirements and evaluate compliance with legal and other environmental requirements
(iii) Deal with non conformity: establish, implement and maintain non conformance
management records
(iv) Control of records: establish environmental records of BBA, and establish a procedure to
control environmental records
(v) Internal environmental audit: plan, establish, implement and maintain BBA’s and it’s
projects internal environmental management audit program; and conduct of internal
audits of EMS

F. Management Review Framework

12. BBA will regularly carry out management reviews to review the suitability, adequacy and
effectiveness of EMS. Management review will be carried out for prioritized elements of EMS at the
initial stages and then for other elements of comparatively lesser priorities at later stages. Through the
review, BBA will assess opportunities for improvement of EMS, its policy, objectives and targets.

G. Certification of ISO 14001 2004

13. Successful implementation of EMS will enable BBA to get ISO 14001 certification. In general an
organization seeking to become registered to the ISO 14001 standard should seek to:

(i) Implement, maintain and improve an EMS

(ii) Assure itself of its conformance with its stated environmental policy
(iii) Demonstrate conformance to the requirements of the standard
(iv) Seek certification/registration of its EMS by an external organization

14. Consulting services are proposed to facilitate the BBA to develop an EMS certifiable to ISO
14001 and seek certification. A draft TOR for the consulting services is included in Annex 9-6.1.

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H. Time Frame and Budget

15. Time frame for implementation of the EMS is about 6 months and certification process requires
another 3 months. A tentative time schedule is given in the attached TOR. A budget for the
implementation of the EMS is given below:

S.No Item Unit Quantity Rate, USD Amount, USD

1. Consultancy Services for EMS 170,000
(see attached TOR)
2. Facilities for documentation, year 5 10,000 50,000
communication and
documentation of EMS for 5
years
Total 220,000

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 Annex 9-6: Consultancy Services for Environmental
Management System

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June 7, 2010
 Annex 9-6.1

Terms of Reference for Consultancy Services for Environmental Management System (ISO
14001) to Bangladesh Bridge Authority

A. Introduction

Bangladesh Bridge Authority (BBA), established in 1995 as Jamuna Multipurpose Bridge Authority, is
responsible for (according to its Act, as amended on November 23, 1998):

 Plan, design, construct and maintain: (i) bridges of 1,500 meters or more; (ii) flyovers, (iii) toll
roads, (iv) elevated expressways, and (v) causeways;
 Charge tolls for the facilities it constructs; and
 Promote private public participation (PPP) in these facilities.

BBA is currently implementing the Padma Multi Purpose Bridge Project and would like to develop and
implement and EMS program for its organisational and project related activities and seek ISO 14001
EMS certification. The objective of the consulting services is to guide the BBA in preparation of and
implementation of EMS certifiable to ISO 14001: 2004 in BBA and prepare necessary documentation
to seek ISO 14001 EMS certification.

B. Scope of Services

The tentative scope of the work is given in the following sections. However, the Consultants are to
requested to suggest modifications in the scope of work to meet the objective the assignment.

1. Kickoff Meeting With The Top BBA Management

 Discussion of methodology, feedback on methodology.

 Formal nomination of management representative.
 Policy formulation.
 Core team formation with different units of BBA and PIU

2. Initial Review and Defining the Baselines

 An awareness programme shall be conducted how to identify the aspects. The

identification of aspects shall include

 Identification of activities, aspects, impacts related to environment, including

past, present and future activities of BBA,
 Identification of normal, abnormal situations(routine and non routine activities)
 Identification of emergency situations.

 A review of the identified aspects shall be carried out by consultant to have a

comprehensive list of aspects.
 After the aspects’ identification, their prioritization shall be carried out as per the
established procedure. (SSPD analysis/any other suitable methodology will be followed
to rank the aspects depending upon their criticality).
 Identification of pertinent Legal and Other Requirements
 A review of applicable legal requirements shall be carried out along with the concerned
personnel.

Major documentation activities in this phase include

 Policy formulation
 Procedure for aspect identification and prioritization.
 Significant aspects and impacts register

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  Procedure for identification of legal requirements
 Legal register
 Legal requirements compliance matrix.

3. System Progress Review

Initial review will be followed by a progress review.

 Reviewing the policy
 Presentation of significant aspects and impacts at various processes.
 Taking a decision which significant aspects need to be controlled through operational
control procedures and which significant aspects need to be improved through
objectives /improvement programs.
 Establishing objectives and targets and environmental management programs.
 Preparation of 1st draft of roles and responsibilities
 Establishing the mechanism for internal and external communication for ensuring the
effectiveness of the prepared system.

Major output related to documentation/records

 Progress review records
 Objectives and targets and Environmental Management Programs
 Procedure for internal and external communication
 First draft of roles and responsibilities

4. Implementation

(i) Emergency response plan and environmental management plan

 Review of emergency response plan and environmental management plans prepared

by the design consultant, and made necessary updates as required for design and
implementation of EMS
 Simulation of emergency situation including a mock drill to check the efficacy of the
prepared emergency plan

Major documentation at this stage include

 Operational control procedures and related formats
 Training need identification records
 Roles and responsibilities
 Emergency plan
 Performance indicators and monitoring plan
 List of equipments and instruments pertaining to environmental management system
 Calibration programme
 Mock drill records

(ii) Other General Activities And Documentation

 Remaining part of documentation will be done to include the following activities.

 Corrective and preventive action procedure
 Management review.
 Training
 Internal audits
 Documentation
 Document and record control
 An internal auditor course will be conducted at this stage to ensure the availability of
trained internal auditors.

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  Finalizing the documentation. Preparing master list of documents, records etc.
 An internal audit will be conducted at this stage by the trained internal auditors.
 Conduct of one model management review

Output documentation and records at this stage

 Procedures of document control, record control, corrective and preventive action,
internal audit and management review
 Management review records
 Internal audit records

5. Training

 Provide necessary trainings for the successful implementation of the EMS. The training
courses will include, but not limited to
 Implementation and auditing of EMS
 Documentation requirements of ISO 14001 2004
 Internal and external communications
 Internal audit

6. Assistance in ISO 14001 EMS Certification

 Prepare necessary documentation and assist BBA in submitting application to
certification body of ISO 14001 EMS.

C. Qualifications

A consulting firm with a successful track record of design and implementation of EMS of similar
transport originations is eligible to carry out the consulting services. The firm should nominate two
experts, one ‘EMS specialist’ for 4 months and one ‘Auditor’ for 2 months, with relevant qualifications
experience in design and implementation of EMS.

D. Time Frame

The consulting services will be carried out over a period 9 months on intermittent basis. A tentative
time frame of the various activities to be carried out under the assignment are given below

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 Sl Activities/Month 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
1 Kick Off Meeting
2 Formulation Of Policy
Presentation On Methodology For Intial
3 Review , Conduct Of Initial Review
Reviw Of Aspects Impacts Identified And
4 Their Updation
5 Identification Of Significant Aspects
Preparation Of Legal Register And
6 Compliance Matrix
Establishing Objectives Targets And
8 Programmes
Preparation Of Operational Control
9 Procedures
Review Of Emergency Preparedness
10 Plan
11 Conduct of Mock Drill
12 Development Of Procedures
13 Internal Audit
14 Management Review
15 Training Prgrams
16 Initial Audit - Certification Body
16 Final Audit - Certification Body

E. Budget

S.No Description Unit Quantity Rate, USD Amount

(USD)
1. EMS Specialist Man month 4 20,000 80,000
2. Auditor Man month 2 20,000 40,000
3. Airfare Round trip 4 5,000 20,000
3. Training Programs Lump sum 10,000
4. Reports and Lump sum 10,000
Documentation
5. Contingency 10,000

Total 170,000

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 Annex 10-1: List of Stakeholders Invited for Public
Consultation Meetings

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 Annex 10-1
List of Stakeholders Invited for Public Consultation Meetings
 Representative of government agencies in Munshiganj, Shariatpur and Madaripur
Districts:
 District Commissioners (DC)
 UNOs (Upazila Nirbahi Officer) of Lauhajong, Janjira and Shibchar Upazila
 Assistant Commissioner of Land
 Roads & Highways Department (RHD)
 Local Government Engineering Department (LGED)
 Bangladesh Water Development Board (BWDB)
 Directorate of Agriculture Extension (DAE)
 Forest Department (FD)
 Directorate of Fisheries (DOF)
 Bangladesh Inland Water Transport Corporation (BIWTC)
 Bangladesh Inland Water Transport Authority (BIWTA)
 Bangladesh Agricultural Development Corporation (BADC)
 Department of Public Health Engineering (DPHE)
 River Research Institute (RRI), Faridpur
 Public Representatives:
 Hon. Sagupta Yashmin Emeli, M.P., Munshiganj
 Hon. B.M. Mozzamel Hoq, M.P., Shariatpur;
 Hon. Liton (proper name), M.P., Madaripur
 M.H. Akand. Upazila Chairman, Janjira, Shariatpur;
 Rehana Parveen, Upazila Vice Chair, Janjira, Shariatpur;
 Rezaul Talukder, Upazila Chairman, Shibchar, Madaripur;
 Fatima Akhter, Upazila Vice Chair, Shibchar, Madaripur ;
 Osman Gani Talukder, UpazilaChairman, Lauhajong, Munshiganj;
 Ranu Akhter, Upazila Vice Chair Lauhajong, Munshiganj;
 Community leaders of the project area affected by the proposed project

 Representatives of NGOs (such as BRAC, ASHA, Grameen Motsha Foundation, etc.)

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 Annex 10-2: Presentations of Public Consultation

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 Annex 10-2

Padma Multipurpose Bridge Project

Safeguard Compliance: Environment

Public Consultation
Mawa and Janjira
July 20-22, 2009

Project Components Location: Mawa Side

 Main Bridge
Surface Water
Ground Water
Air and Noise
 River Training Works Riverbed Material

 Approach Road (Bridge, Culverts, Under passes, Kabutarkhola RS

Service Roads, Junctions)

 Railways
 Bridge End Facilities (toll plaza
plaza, service areas and
train stations)
 Construction Yards
 Resettlement Sites
 Utility Crossings (HV power and HP Gas Transmission
and telecommunication Optical Fiber Cable)
 Associated Components (widening of Dhaka-Mawa
Road, Railway Network, regional development, etc.)

Locations: Janjira Side

Surface Water
Ground Water
Air and Noise
Riverbed Material

Bakorkandi FS

Bakorkandi RS

Main Bridge
I/C AR + N8

1 1
Annex 10-2

Environmental Impacts: Main Bridge

Construction Operation
 Fish migration and  Noise and Vibration
spawning  Air Pollution
 Terrestrial Flora and  Traffic Safety
Fauna  Charland
 Wildlife  Emergency Preparedness
 Migratory Birds
 Quarries and Borrow Pits
 Air and Water Pollution
 Noise and Vibration
 Health, Safety, and
Hygiene
 Livelihood Impacts

River Training Works Environmental Impacts: RTW

Pre-construction  Air and Water Pollution
 Land Acquisition and  Noise and Vibration
Resettlement  Health, Safety, and Hygiene
 Vegetation Clearance  Livelihood Impacts
Construction Operation
 Dredged material and disposal  Tourism
 Quarry and Borrow Sites  Reduced bank erosion
 Fish migration and spawning  Green belt
 River morphology including in  Terminal facility
Charland
 Increased economic
 Terrestrial Flora and Fauna activities
 Wildlife  Impacts on Charland
 Migratory Birds

2 2
 Annex 10-2

Approach Road: Current Scenario

Environmental Impacts: Roads

Pre-construction Operation
 Land Acquisition and  Air and Water Pollution
Resettlement  Noise and Vibration
 Vegetation Clearance  Traffic safety
Construction  Increased economic
 Quarry and Borrow Materials activities
 Drainage  Accidental spills of
 Flora and Fauna petroleum products
 Social instability  HIV/AIDS and STD
 Air and Water Pollution
 Noise and Vibration
 Health, Safety, and Hygiene

3 3
Annex 10-2

Environmental Impacts: Railway

Pre-construction Operation
 Land Acquisition and  Fuel efficiency and anti-
Resettlement idling
 Vegetation Clearance  Air and Water Pollution
Construction
 Noise and Vibration
 Safety barriers and signals in
level crossing
 Railway safety
 Quarry and Borrow Materials  Use of biodegradable
 Drainage
grease for track maint.
 Flora and Fauna  Water supply and sanitation
 Social instability  Increased economic
 Air and Water Pollution activities
 Noise and Vibration  Emergency Response Plan
 Health, Safety, and Hygiene  HIV/AIDS and STD
Service Area

Environmental Impacts: BEF Construction Yard

Pre-construction Operation Construction
 Land Acquisition and  Water supply and sanitation  Access road
Resettlement  Power supply  Quarry and Borrow Materials
 Vegetation Clearance  Air and Noise Pollution  Transporting materials
Construction  Solid waste management  Air and Water Pollution
 Air and Water Pollution  Increased economic  Noise and Vibration
 Noise and Vibration activities  Solid waste management
 Health, Safety, and Hygiene  Storage of petrochemical
 Source of water and power products
 Drainage  Disposal of waste
 Social instability Pre-construction  Tree cutting and poaching
 Land Acquisition and  Social instability
Resettlement  Health, Safety, and Hygiene
 Vegetation Clearance

Jashaldia: Resettlement Site Kumarboagh Resettlement Site

4 4
Annex 10-2

Environmental Impacts: RS
Pre-construction Operation
 Land Acquisition and  Water supply and sanitation
Resettlement  Power supply
 Plot allocation  Solid waste management
 Vegetation Clearance  Increased economic
Construction activities
 Quarry and Borrow Materials  Ventilation and sunlight
 Drainage  Access roads
 Social instability  Market, school, bank
 Air and Water Pollution facilities
 Noise and Vibration  Livelihood restoration
 Health, Safety, and Hygiene
 Source of water and power

5 5
 Annex 10-2

Location:
ocat o Mawa
a aS
Side
de

Padma Multipurpose Bridge Project

S f g dC
Safeguard Compliance:
pli Environment
E i t

2nd Public
P bli CConsultation
lt ti
Mawa and Janjira
M h 16-19
March 16
16-19,
19, 2010

EQ
QBBaseline
li Monitoring
M i i g Survey
S y Results
R l
¾Main Bridge g
¾Ri
¾River T
Training
i i W
Worksk ¾ Air
Ai quality
q lity is
i p
poor ((fi
(fine and d coarse particles)
p ti l )
¾A
¾Approach hR Road d (B
(Bridge
(Bridge,
id
Culverts Under passes
Culverts, p
passes, ¾ High
High noise
i llevelsl ((f
(ferry y ghats)
gh t )
Service
Se
J
ce Roads,
Junctions)
ti
Roads
oads,
)
¾GGroundwater
ou d ate t qua
quality
litty ((A
(Ass and
a d co
coliforms
lifo s in
i MMawa
a as
side
id
de is
is
¾Railways y high
g and Mn concentration in both sides))
¾Bridge g End Facilities
(t ll plaza,
(toll l service i areas Name Number sighted
and train stations)
¾Construction Yards Bl k Headed
Black H d d Ibis
Ibi 3
¾R
¾Resettlement
ttl t Sit
Sites
¾Utility Crossings (HV Ganges
g River Dolphin
p 24
power and HP Gas
p
T
Transmission
i i and d Fi hi Cat
Fishing C t 13
telecommunication
Optical
p Fiber Cable)) Gangetic
g Gharial 1
¾A
¾Associated i t d
C
Components ((widening off Ganges soft
soft-shell
shell Turtle 3
Dhaka Mawa Road
Dhaka-Mawa Road,,
Rail a Network,
Railway Net ork S ll Indian
Small I di Pratincole
P ti l 60,026
60,026
regional
i l development
development,
d l t
etc )
etc.) Common Black Headed Gull 647

E IA P ro c e s s

R e vie w P re v io u s
P
Permanent Land
L d Acquisition
A q iii
S tu
t d iie s

H a rm o n iize d E A R e q u iire m e n ts
P j t
Project Ag i lt
Agriculture H
Homestead
t d W t b di
Waterbodies T t l
Total
C
Components t
P u b lic P a rtic ip a tio n S tu d y S ta g e M
Mawa Side
Sid
S C O P IN G
E x p e rt C o n s u lta tio n s
((scie n tific
f co m m u n ity a n d
D e fin e d ire ct
ct, in d u ce d , a n d
a sso cia te d co m p o n e n ts In c e p tio n S ta g e
RS 28 49
28.49 0.47
0 47 0.46
0 46 29.42
29 42
d e cisio n m a ke rs )
D e vee lo p T O R fo r ffu ll E IA
P u b lic C o n s u lta tio n
B a se lin e E Q M S u rve y S i Area
Service A 26 94
26.94 0 07
0.07 0 01
0.01 27 02
27.02
F G D s w ith a ffe cte d
co m m u n ity
it
S cre e n in g a n d P rio ritiza tio n In t. S c h e m e D e s ig n Approach
pp Road 22 77
22.77 6 94
6.94 2 49
2.49 32 2
32.2
P R E D IC T IO N A N D
and
dRRailil
M IT IG A T IO N
E n g in e e rin g T e a m o f D C , P O E ,
B B A A d viso rs,rs C F s,
s GOB
Id e n tifyy Im p a cts/R isks
P ro p o se D e sig n C h a n g e s
F in a l S c h e m e
D e s ig n RTWs*
RTWs 55 74
55.74 58 35
58.35 0 62
0.62 114 71
114.71
a n d M itig a tio n M e a su re s
S btotal
Subtotal 203.35
203 35
P re s e n t D ra ft E IA
d u rin g P u b lic
D ra ft E IA R e p o rt,
EM P, and CEM P
rt J ji Side
Janjira Sid
C o n su lta tio n s D e ta ile d D e s ig n
RS 36.44
36 44 0.98
0 98 0.98
0 98 38.40
38 40
R e vie w
d ra ft E IA b y
P O E , C F ss,
U p d a te d E IA R e p o rt,
EM P, and CEM P
S i Area
Service A 61 49
61.49 4 33
4.33 1 07
1.07
0 63 45
63.45
4
GOB
A p p ro va l Yes F in a l E IA R e p o rt
rt,
Approach
pp Road 129 57
129.57 17 45
17.45 3 00
3.00 150 02
150.02
by DO E EM P, and CEM P
Yes and Rail
RTWs*
RTWs 272 31
272.31 42 93
42.93 1 77
1.77 317 01
317.01
A u d it,,
MANAGEMENT AND
M O N IT O R IN G I p le
Im l m e n ta
t tio
ti n S bt t l
Subtotal 568 88
568.88
A sse ss E IA Im p le m e n t E M M P
P ro ce ss P ro vid e fe e d b a ck fo r
fu tu re E A s O p e ra tio n a n d
T t l
Total 772 30
772.30
M a in
i tte n a n c e

6
 Annex 10-2

Aff
Affected
d HH and
d Population
P p l i
Upazila Affected Households (AHs) Affected Persons (APs)
Loss H
House W
Wage Total Loss H
Housing/
i / W
Wage Total
/ Income B i
Business I
Income
off B i
Busin-
Busin off St t
Structure
Ag i
Agri- ess Ag i
Agri-
S
Struc
Struc.
L d
Land L d
Land

L h j g
Lauhajang 1 512 2493
1,512 692 4 697 8,271
4,697 8 271 13 800
13,800 692 22 762
22,762

Janjira
j 3,694
3,694 477 728 4,899 20,206
4,899 20,206 2,640
2,640 728 23,574
23,574

Shibchar 3 320 1541

3,320 1116 5 977 18,160
5,977 18 160 8,530
8 530 1116 27 806
27,806

Total 8 526 4,511

8,526 4 511 2,536
2 536 15,573
15 573 46,637
46 637 24,970
24 970 2536 74 143
74,143

RS D
Design
ig Norms
N Key
y Features of RS
• Distance between two consecutive houses must have minimum Future
Existing Househol
2m (1m from each plot) space to ensure ens re proper lighting and E pected
Expected
t d
ventilation
til ti A
Area d Density
D ity
• Minimum
Minim m housing si e 65 m2 and minim
ho sing plot size minimumm frontage 4 4.5m;
5m
5m; RS (ha) house popula House Popula (househo
• Ensure arsenic free water for drinking
h ld
hold ti
tion h ld
hold ti
tion ld/h )
ld/ha)
• Hygienic sanitation facilities
• Ensure
E g
goodd road
d communication
i ti RS 2 13.96
13 96 2 11 374 1,870
1,870
27
• Ensure
E p
power facilities
f iliti forf allll houses
h
RS
S 3 15.46
1 46
15 6 13 68 487
8 2 435
2,435
3
• Ensure
E adequate
d q t drainage
d i g facilities
f iliti 32
• Ensure well managed waste collection and disposal system system. RS 4 19.95
19 95 12 73 529 2 645
2,645
27
RS 5 18.45
18 45 4 44 529 2,645
2,645
29
Total 67.82
67 82 31 196 1919 9 595
9,595 29

7
 Annex 10-2

E i
Environmental
l Impacts:
I p RS E i
Environmental
l Impacts:
I p Main
M i Bridge
B idg
P
Pre-construction
t ti Operation C
Constructioni O
Operation
i
¾ Land
L d Acquisition:
A q i iti 67
67.82
82 h
ha ¾ Water supplypp y and sanitation ¾ Transport of Materials ¾ Noise and Vibration
¾ 31 HH and d 136 people l will
ill be
b ¾ Power
P supply
pply (72,000 m3 concrete
((72,000 t slab,
slab
l b, ¾ Air Pollution
affected
ff t d ¾ Solid
S lid waste t management
g t 162 624 tons of piles,
162,624 piles ¾ Traffic
T ffi Safety
S f ty
¾ 17,703
17 703 trees
t will
ill b
be cleared
l d ¾ Increased
I d economic i 80,556 m3 off p
80,556 pile
il caps,
caps
p ,
¾ Charland
Ch l d
¾ Plot allocation activities
ti iti 84 400 tons off steel))
84,400
¾ Topsoil and riverbed: 336 ¾ Emergency
E g yPPreparedness
p d
Construction ¾ Ventilation
V til ti and d sunlight
li ht
¾ Land filling
f g ¾ Access roads pili g
piling
¾ Reduced
R d d noise
i quality
q lity ¾ Market,
Market school,
school bank ¾ Noise
N i and d Vibration
Vib ti
¾ Reduced
R d d air
i quality
q lity facilities (Hilsa birds
(Hilsa, birds, dolphin etc
etc.))
¾ Water quality deterioration ¾ Livelihood restoration ¾ Health,
H lth Safety,
Health Safety
S f ty and d
¾ Interruption traffic flow H i
Hygiene
¾ Social conflicts due to project ¾ Livelihood Impacts
activities

P iti Impacts:
Positive I p t RS Pili g and
Piling d Hil
Hilsa Mi
Migration
g ti
• About
Ab t 3838,000
000 ttrees will
ill b
be planted
pl t d
• Employment generation
• Land development with modern facilities for a total population of
9 600
9,600.
• Schools,
Schools markets,
markets mosques,
mosques As free water
water, power etc
etc.

8
 Annex 10-2

RTW L
Layouts
t E i
Environmental
l IImpacts:
p RTW
P
Pre-construction
t ti ¾ Landuse change
¾ Land
L d Acquisition
A q i iti and d ¾ Livelihood Impacts
p
R
Resettlement
ttl t Op
Operation
ti
¾ Vegetation
V g t ti Clearance
Cl ¾ Tourism
T i
C
Construction
t ti ¾ Reduced
R d db bankk erosion
i
¾ Surface water quality ¾ Green belt
¾ Dredged material and disposal ¾ Terminal facility
(35 M m3)
¾ Increased
I d economici
¾ Drainage activities
¾ Vegetation
g clearance ¾ Impacts
I p on Charland
Ch l d
¾ Fisheries
Fi h i (3 ((3.36
36 ttons))
¾ Charland
Ch l d (t ((temporary
p y storage
t g off
spoil)
p il))

Salient Feat
Features:
res: RTW

M
Mawa J ji
Janjira
j
Feature Q
Quantity
y F t
Feature Q
Quantity
tit
L
Length
th off workk 4 km
k ttotal
t l Length
g of work 12.53
12 53 km total
At bridge
g 0 5 km
0.5 At bridge
b id 6 83 km
6.83 k
Al
Alongside
id road
d 3 5 km
3.5 k Alongside
g road 5 70 km (Type
5.70 ( yp 5))

Dredge
g volume 5 M m³ 3 76 km
3.76 k optional
ti l
Embankments
At bridge
b id 4 28 km
4.28 k

Alongside
g road none
D d volume
Dredge l
At bridge
g 28 36 M m³
28.36 m

Alongside road 9 31 M m
9.31 m³
5 78 M m³
5.78 m³ optional
i l

9
 Annex 10-2

Approach Road: Current Scenario

E i
Environmental
l Impacts:
I p R
Railway
il y
P
Pre-construction
t ti Op
Operation
ti
¾ Land
L d Acquisition
A q i iti (53 ((53.67
67 ha)
h ) ¾ Fuel
F l efficiency
ffi i and d anti
anti-
i
¾ Vegetation
V t ti Cl Clearance (72 (72,800)
800) idling
g
Construction ¾ Air
Ai and d Water
W t P Pollution
ll ti
¾ Agriculture production loss ¾ Noise
N i and d Vib
Vibration
ti
(807 tons)
¾ Railway
R il safety
f t
¾ Loss of topsoil (80,505m
(80 505m3)
¾ Use of biodegradable
¾ Drainage
g ((5 rivers and 14 1
streams)
grease for
g f track
t k maint.
maint
i t
¾ Air Pollution ((1
(1,432
,432
32 tons dust)) ¾ Water
W t supply pply andd sanitation
it ti
¾ Increased
I c eased d eco
economic
o ic
activities
¾ Emergency
E g yR
Response
p Plan
Pl
¾ HIV/AIDS and d STD

E i
Environmental
l Impacts:
I p R
Roads
d
P
Pre-construction
t ti Operation
¾ Land
L d Acquisition
A q i iti (118 ( ha)
h ) and
d ¾ Air and Water Pollution
R
Resettlement
ttl t ¾ Noise
N i and d Vibration
Vib ti
C
Construction
t ti ¾ Traffic
T ffi safety
f ty
¾ Vegetation
V t ti clearance
l (155
(155,226
226 ¾ Increased
I d economic i
t
trees)) activities
ti iti
¾ Loss
L off agriculture
g i lt production
d ti ¾ Accidental
A id t l spills ill off
(3,126 tons)
((3,126 t ) petroleum
p t l products
p d t
¾ Fisheries
Fi h i loss l ((8
(8.24
24 ttons)) ¾ HIV/AIDS and d STD
¾ Loss of topsoil (97 836 m3)
(97,836
¾ Drainage (5 rivers and 14
streams)
¾ Air Pollution (1,740
(1 740 tons dust)
¾ Reuse off topsoil
topsoil,
p , employment
p y
generation and landuse change
generation,

10
 Annex 10-2

Constr ction Yard

Construction Yard-2
2

E i
Environmental
l IImpacts:
p BEF C t ti Yard
Construction Y d
P
Pre-construction
t ti Operation C
Construction
t ti
¾ Land
L d Acquisition
A q i iti (136( ha)
h ) ¾ Water supplypp y and sanitation ¾ Access
A road d
¾ Vegetation
V t ti Cl Clearance (35(35,690)
690) ¾ Power
P supply
pply ¾ Quarry and Borrow Materials
Construction ¾ Air
Ai and d Noise
N i Pollution
P ll ti ¾ Transporting materials
¾ Noise and Vibration ¾ Solid
S lid waste t managementt ¾ Air and Water Pollution
¾ Fisheries
Fi h i (1 ((1.62
62 tons)) ¾ Increased economic ¾ Noise
N i and d Vibration
Vib ti
¾ Crop
C p lloss (3
((3,647
,647 ttons)) activities
ti iti ¾ Solid
S lid waste t management
g t
¾ Change
Ch g in i landuse
l d ¾ Storage
St off petrochemical
t h i l
p d t
products
¾ Disposal
Di l off wastet
Pre-construction
Pre construction ¾ Tree cutting and poaching
¾ Land Acquisition
q (157
( ha)) ¾ Social instability
¾ Vegetation
V g t ti ClClearance ¾ Health,
H l h, Safety
Health S
Safety,
f y, andd Hygiene
Hygi
(4,762
((4,762
6 trees))

En ironmental Management
Environmental g Plan

EMMP Matrix
M i ECP
ECPs
• Activity ECP 1: Waste Management
• I p t
Impact ECP 2:
2 FFuels l and d Hazardous
H d
• Mitig ti measures
Mitigation G d M
Goods Managementt
• M it i g means
Monitoring ECP 3: Water Resources
• F
Frequency off M
Monitoring
i i M
Management
g t
• Budget ECP 4
4: D
Drainage
i g Management
M g t
• Implementation agency ECP
C 55: So
S
Soilil QQua
Qualitylitty M
Management
a age e t
• S p i i Agency
Supervision Ag y ECP 6: Erosion and Sediment
C t l
Control
ECP 7:
7 TToppS Soilil M
Management
g t
ECP
C 88: T
Topography
opog aphy and a d
Constr ction Yard
Construction Yard-1
1 Landscaping
p g

11
 Annex 10-2

EMMP (ECP)
( ) E i
Environmental
t lEEnhancement
h t Pl
Plans
ECP
C 9 9: B
Borrow
o o Areas
A eas ECP
C 15:
155 Road
Road d Transport
T a spo t • Community y environmental management g plan
p
Development
p & Operation
p and Road Traffic ((CEMP)) for design g and development p of
ECP 10:
10 Ai
Air Q
Quality
lity M
Management
g t Resettlement Sites (RS) ( )
Management ECP
C 16: River Transport
• Tree compensation
p and greenbelt
g development
p
ECP 11: Noise and management
g t
plan (100
p ( ha landland,, 405
405,461
,461 trees))
Vib ti M
Vibration Management
g t ECP 17
17: CConstruction
t ti C Campp
ECP 12:
12 PProtection
t ti off Flora
Fl Management • Public Health Action Plan
ECP 13:
13 Protection
P i off ECP 18: Cultural and • Conservation
C ti plans pl for
f development
d l p t off bird
bi d
F
Fauna R ligi
Religious Issues
I sanctuary
y and d wildlife
ildlif museum
ECP 14
14: P
Protection
t ti off ECP 19:
19 W Workers
k H
Health
lth • Agriculture
A i lt d
development
l t plan
l
Fisheries and Safetyy
• Income
I and d lilivelihood
lih d restoration
t ti plan l (ILRP)

EMMP (Dredged
(D
( dg d M Material
i l Di
Disposal)
p l)) E i
Environmental
t lEEnhancement
h tFFundd
• Implementation of EMMP • Environmental
E io e tat l
• O/M CEMP E h
Enhancement t
• O/M of Wildlife Museum
M se m C
Committee
itt
• O/M Bi
Bird
dSSanctuary
t y • EEF ((1%
% off ttoll)
ll))
• E i
Environmental
t lHHealth
lth Revenue from Toll
RevenuefromToll EEF
EEF
Traffic
Traffic
Education Campaign Y
Year (
(million
(million (million
((million (million
((million
(AADT)
tk)
k) USD)) USD))
• Environmental 2014 12 056
12,056 3 229
3,229 46 13
46.13 0 46
0.46
2015 13,686
13,686 3,667
3,667 52 39
52.39 0 52
0.52
enhancement
e ha ce e t p projects
ojec
j ts 2016 15 587
15,587 4 180
4,180 59 71
59.71 0 60
0.60
2017 17 808
17,808 4 782
4,782 68 31
68.31 0 68
0.68
2018 20,411
20,411 5,492
5,492 78 46
78.46 0 78
0.78
2019 23 469
23,469 6 329
6,329 90 41
90.41 0 90
0.90
2020 27 068
27,068 7 319
7,319 104 56
104.56 1 05
1.05
2024 35,871
35,871 9,278
9,278 132 54
132.54 1 33
1.33
2034 69 565
69,565 16 149
16,149 230 70
230.70 2 31
2.31

E
Emergency
g yR Response
p Plan
Pl Other Studies
St dies
ERT Management
g Committee Ecology
Ecology
Cli t Ch
Climate Change
g
Chair -Executive Director BBA
Deputy
p y Director
Safeguard
Member Secretary -Emergency Management Coordinator
M di
Media • Sea level rise at bridge
Unit Environment
Unit-Environment Representatives of: Communications
Manger
g
site
it isi 0.47m.
0 47m
47 SeaS level
l l
-Bangladesh
Bangladesh Army
-Police
P li Department
Police D t t rise and increase basin
-Fire
Fi Department
Fire D t t
-Disaster
Di t MManagement
g t Bureau
B rainfall
rainfall,
i f ll, 0.63m
0 63m
63 rise
i ini
water level
Emergency
g y Response
p Operational
p Command
• The predicted peak
di h g off 151,100
discharge 151,100
cumec and lowest flow as
O/M Contractor
ERC
y Police
Operational Network
Response team y Traffic Management 7,345 cumec
7,345
y Bangladesh Army y Controllers - District y A
Asset t Management
M t
y Fi D
Fire Department
p t t C
Commissioners
i i y Toll Collection • Maximum
M i wind
i d speed
p d is
i
y Disaster Contractor
Management Bureau Operational Resource y Museum Operator predicted as 126 km/h
M
Management
g tT
Team y M di l Clinic
Medical Cli i
y DC Madaripur
DC,
y DC Shariatpur
DC,
y DC, Munshiganj

12
Annex 10-2

13
 Annex 10-3: Comments Sheet

Padma Multipurpose Bridge Design Project

Final Report (Environmental Action Plan)
Environmental Impact Assessment Report A10-3-4
June 7, 2010
Annex 10-3

Comment Sheet for Public Consultations

Environmental Assessment

Padma Multipurpose Bridge Design Project

1. Mawa Side
Date: 10AM to 1PM, July 20, 2009
Location: The Office of the Executive Engineer (Resettlement), Bangladesh Bridge Authority, Mawa, Louhajang,
Munshiganj
2. Janjira Side 1
Date: 11AM to 1PM, July 21, 2009
Location: Naodoba High School, Janjira, Shariatpur
3. Janjira Side 2
Date: 11AM to 1PM, July 22, 2009
Location: Union Council of Matbar Char, Headquarter of Bakorkandi, Shibchar, Madaripur

Please return the completed questionnaire or mail it to Dr. Masud Karim or Mr. Rafiqul Islam at the
address given at the bottom. Thank you for your assistance.

1) Please describe your interest in this project (check one)

 Affected People
 District/Upazilla Official (Government)
 Member of the Parliament/Upazilla Chairman/Chairman/Member of Union Parishad (elected
representative)
 NGO
 BBA Official
 Other (please specify)

2) Does the proposed project have any impact on the protected area (mosques, graveyard, school,
madrasa, historical or archaeological sites)?

3) Does the proposed project create any problems with water courses (by blocking water ways), air, dust
or noise?

4) Do you have any critical issue or concern regarding the proposed project (e.g., flooding, charland,
split of community, sedimentation, siltation, erosion, drainage, access road, damaged culvert etc.)?

5) Are you aware of any information that is vital for the proposed project (economic development,
savings in travel time, easy access to social infrastructure)? If yes, what are they?

6) Have you any concern about the effect of construction on water courses, fish migration, plants, health
and safety, wildlife habitats, air, dust, noise and vibration?

1
Annex 10-3

7) Are there other criteria you would like to see considered during project design, construction and
operation stage (access road, bridge or culverts, village market, health centers, tourism, wildlife
museum etc)?

8) Do you support proposed project? ( ) Yes ( ) No

Why?

9) Did you find this consultation useful? ( ) Yes ( ) No.

Comments/suggestions?

10) Would you like to be involved in the implementation of the project (e.g., construction worker, local
contractor, maintenance, plantation etc.)?

11) General Comments

Thank you for completing this questionnaire. If you would like someone to contact you about any items
identified above, please provide us with the following:

Name: _________________________________________________________
Address: _______________________________________________________
Telephone (home): __________________ Work: ______________________

We are interested in receiving your comments on the study. With the exception of personal information,
all comments will become a part of the public record. If you would like any information, please contact the
following members of the project team:

Mr. Rafiqul Islam Dr. Masud Karim, P.Eng.

Project Director, Padma Bridge Design Project Environmental Specialist 1
Bangladesh Bridge Authority, Setu Bhaban, New Padma Bridge Design Project
Airport Road, Banani, Dhaka. Road 83, House No. 13/A, Gulshan 2, Dhaka
Tel: (02) 988 8969 Tel: (02) 882 5796/ 882 5026
Email: masud@eng-consult.com

2
 Annex 10-4: Newspaper Advertisement

Padma Multipurpose Bridge Design Project

Final Report (Environmental Action Plan)
Environmental Impact Assessment Report A10-4-5
June 7, 2010
Annex 10-4
Annex 10-4
Annex 10-4
Annex 10-4
Annex 10-4
Annex 10-4
 Annex 10-5: List of Experts Consulted

Padma Multipurpose Bridge Design Project

Final Report (Environmental Action Plan)
Environmental Impact Assessment Report A10-5-6
June 7, 2010
 Annex 10-5

List of Experts Consulted

Sl. Name Position Organization

No.
1. Md. Rafiqul Islam Chief Engineer and Bangladesh Bridge Authority (BBA), Banani,
Project Director Dhaka
2. Md. Alauddin Additional Director BBA
(Environment)
3. Md Zafar Ullah Superintending BBA
Engineer (Bridge)
4. Monjurul Islam Superintending BBA
Engineer ,Resettlement
5. Kazi Ferdous Executive Engineer BBA
6. Md Abdul Jalil Executive Engineer BBA
Resettlement and
Environment, Janjira
Site
7. Shariful Islam Senior Assistant BBA
Sarker Engineer (Environment)
8. Dr Mihir Kanti Secretary in Charge MOEF, Secretariat Dhaka
Muzumdar
9. Md Nozibur Director General DOE, Agargoan, Dhaka
Rahman
10. Shahjahan Director Technical DOE, Agargoan,Dhaka
11. Dr MK Faruque Deputy Director DOE, Agargoan,Dhaka
12. Dr. Firoze Ahmed Professor of BUET, Dhaka
Environmental
Engineering
13. Dr. Ainun Nishat Country Rep. IUCN, Gulshan-1, Dhaka
14. Md Moktar SE(Environment RHD, Ramna, Dhaka
Hossain Division)
15. Md Humayun Chief Engineer (Central BWDB, Dhaka
Kabir Zone)
16. Jalal Uddin Md Chief Engineer WARPO, Banani, Dhaka
Abdul Hye
17. Mustafizur Chief Engineer DPHE, Ramna, Dhaka
Rahman
18. Md Wali Ullah Assistant Chief DPHE, Ramna, Dhaka
Engineer
19. Rafiqul Islam Director Directorate of Fisheries, Ramna, Dhaka
20. Professor Zaker Wildlife Specialist DU and Nature Conservation
Hossain Movement(NACOM)
21. Dr Abul Bashar Dean Faculty of Biological Sciences, DU, Dhaka
22. Dr Nurjahan Chairmen Zoology Department, DU
Sarker
23. Dr Babar Kabir Director, Water and BRAC
Sanitation, BRAC
24. Giasuddin Ahmed Executive Director CEGIS, Gulshan-1,Dhaka
Chowdhury
25. Abdul Jalil Miah Up Chairmen Noadoba UP, UZ: Zanjira
26. Rezaul Talukder UZ Chairman Shibchar
27. Abdur Razzak UP Chairmen UP: Mathbar Char Shibchar
28. Principal Mosharaf UZ Chairmen UZ: Janjira. Shariatpur
 Annex 10-5

Sl. Name Position Organization

No.
Hossain Akand
29. Osman Gani UZ Chairmen UZ : Lauhajong
Talukder
30. Hazi Yousuf UP Chairmen UP Madinimondal, UZ: Lauhajong
31. Md Rafiqul Islam, Director General Directorate of Fisheries
32. Dr Tapan Kumar Conservator of Forest Wildlife and Nature Conservation Circle, Forest
Dey Department, Bangladesh;
33. Mr. Haque Assistant Conservator Wildlife and Nature Conservation Circle,
Mahbub Morshed Forest Department, Bangladesh
34. Mr. Abu Naser Deputy Conservator of Wildlife and Nature Conservation Circle, Forest
Khan Forest Department, Bangladesh
35. Md Jafar Siddique National Project Coastal & Wetland Biodiversity Management
Director/ Deputy Project (CWBMP) under DOE and, MOEF.
Secretary
36. Dr M.G. Mustafa Biophysical Advisor IPAC-World Fish, Dhaka
 Annex 10-6: List of Participants-FGDs

Padma Multipurpose Bridge Design Project

Final Report (Environmental Action Plan)
Environmental Impact Assessment Report A10-6-7
June 7, 2010
Annex 10-6

Padma Multipurpose Bridge Project

Focus Group Discussions with the PAPs on the Proposed RS-3

Date and Time: 07 September 2009 and 16-18:00 Hours

Location: Village: Dakhin Medinimondal, UZ: Lauhajang, Dist: Munshiganj.
Participants
Sl. Name & Address Address Profession
1 Md. Shahjahan Shekh Vill. Dakhin Medinimondal, UZ: Lauhajang, Businessmen
Dist: Munshiganj
2 Md. Nazim Shekh Vill. Dakhin Medinimondal Businessmen

3 Md. Soleman (Uttam) Vill. Dakhin Medinimondal Businessmen

4 Md. Sit Howlader Vill. Dakhin Medinimondal Businessmen

5 Md. Riad Shekh Vill. Dakhin Medinimondal Businessmen

6 Abu Hanif Vill. Dakhin Medinimondal Businessmen

7 Danesh Matbar Vill. Dakhin Medinimondal Businessmen

8 Md. Hussain Vill. Dakhin Medinimondal Farmer

9 Md. Habesh Vill. Dakhin Medinimondal Farmer

10 Md. Shahidul Vill. Dakhin Medinimondal Businessmen

11 Md. Shohel Vill. Dakhin Medinimondal Businessmen

12 Md. Dulal Vill. Dakhin Medinimondal Farmer

13 Md. Mojibar Vill. Dakhin Medinimondal Farmer

14 Md. Syed Shekh Vill. Dakhin Medinimondal Businessmen

15 Md. Ratan Shekh Vill. Dakhin Medinimondal Businessmen

16 Md. Ratan Shekh Vill. Dakhin Medinimondal Businessmen

17 Taslima Begum Vill. Dakhin Medinimondal Housewife

Annex 10-6
Annex 10-6

Padma Multipurpose Bridge Project

Focus Group Discussions with the PAPs on the Proposed RS-5

Date and Time: 05 September 2009 and 16:00-18:00 Hours

Location: Village: Bakhorerkandi, UZ: Shibchar, Dist: Madaripur.
List of Participants
Sl. Name & Address Address Profession
1 Md. Joinal Chowkider Vill: Bakhorerkandi, UZ: Shipchar, Dist.: Farmer
Madaripur
2 Md. Shamchu Chowkider Vill. Bakhorerkandi,Shibchar, Madaripur Farmer

3 Md. Nuru Chowkider Vill. Bakhorerkandi ,Shibchar, Madaripur Farmer

4 Md. Abdul Haque Chowkider Vill. Bakhorerkandi, Shibchar, Madaripur Farmer

5 Md. Moti Chowkider Vill. Bakhorerkandi, Shibchar, Madaripur Farmer

6 Alim Chowkider Vill. Bakhorerkandi Shibchar, Madaripur Farmer

7 Tara Chowkider Vill. Bakhorerkandi, Shibchar, Madaripur Farmer

8 Lal Miah Chowkider Vill. Bakhorerkandi, Shibchar, Madaripur Farmer

9 Chan Miah Chowkider Vill. Bakhorerkandi, Shibchar, Madaripur Driver

10 Rajan Mollah Vill. Bakhorerkandi, Shibchar, Madaripur Farmer

11 Fatema Vill. Bakhorerkandi, Shibchar, Madaripur Housewife

12 Sefali Vill. Bakhorerkandi, Shibchar, Madaripur Housewife

13 Kamal Sarder Vill. Bakhorerkandi, Shibchar, Madaripur Farmer

14 Asma Akter Vill. Bakhorerkandi, Shibchar, Madaripur Housewife

15 Shahena Akter Vill. Bakhorerkandi, Shibchar, Madaripur Housewife

16 Nurnahar Vill. Bakhorerkandi, Shibchar, Madaripur Housewife

17 Jarina Begum Vill. Bakhorerkandi Shibchar, Madaripur Housewife

18 Akther Hossain Vill. Bakhorerkandi Shibchar, Madaripur Farmer

Annex 10-6
Annex 10-6

Padma Multipurpose Bridge Project

Focus Group Discussions with the PAPs on the Proposed RS-4

Date and Time: 05 September 2009 and 11:00-15:00 Hours

Location: Village: Gafur Munshikandi, UZ: Janjira, Dist: Shariatpur.
List of Paticipants
Sl. Name & Address Address Profession
1 Md. Nurmohammad Vill. Gofur Munshirkandi, Jajira, Shariatpur Farmer
Chowkider
2 Md. Ishaq Chowkider Vill. Gofur Munshirkandi, Naudoba, Jajira, Farmer
Shariatpur
3 Maloncha, Vill. Gofur Munshirkandi, Naudoba, Jajira, Housewife
Shariatpur
4 Mst. Parul Begum Vill. Gofur Munshirkandi, Naudoba, Jajira, Housewife
Shariatpur
5 Anwara Begum Vill. Bakhorerkandi Shibchar, Madaripur Housewife
6 Aleka Vill. Gofur Munshirkandi, Naudoba, Jajira, Housewife
Shariatpur
7 Momtaj Begum Vill. Gofur Munshirkandi, Naudoba, Jajira, Housewife
Shariatpur
8 Aysha Begum Vill. Gofur Munshirkandi, Naudoba, Jajira, Housewife
Shariatpur
9 Fuljan Begum Vill. Gofur Munshirkandi, Naudoba, Jajira, Housewife
Shariatpur
10 Kunshu Begum Vill. Gofur Munshir kandi, Naudoba, Jajira, Housewife
Shariatpur
11 Hasen Shekh Vill. Gofur Munshir kandi, Naudoba, Jajira, Farmer
Shariatpur
12 Abu Chowkider Vill. Gofur Munshir kandi, Naudoba, Jajira, Farmer
Shariatpur
13 Lyli Begum Vill. Gofur Munshir kandi, Naudoba, Jajira, Housewife
Shariatpur
14 Kunshu Akan Vill. Gofur Munshir kandi, Naudoba, Jajira, Housewife
Shariatpur
15 Tota Bhangi Vill. Gofur Munshir kandi, Naudoba, Jajira, Businessmen
Shariatpur
16 Shahidul Howlader Vill. Gofur Munshir kandi, Naudoba, Jajira, Businessmen
Shariatpur
17 Ajid Bepari Vill. Gofur Munshir kandi, Naudoba, Jajira, Farmer
Shariatpur
18 Ajhar Bhangi Vill. Gofur Munshir kandi, Naudoba, Jajira, Farmer
Shariatpur
19 Raja Miah Chowkider Vill. Gofur Munshir kandi,Naudoba,Jajira, Farmer
Shariatpur
20 Nowab Ali Matbar Vill. Gofur Munshir kandi, Naudoba, Jajira, Farmer
Shariatpur
Annex 10-6

Sl. Name & Address Address Profession

21 Chan Miah Chowkider Vill.Gofur Munshir kandi,Naudoba,Jajira, Farmer
Shariatpur
22 Motlab Chowkider Vill. Gofur Munshir kandi, Naudoba, Jajira, Farmer
Shariatpur
23 Julhash Howleder Vill. Gofur Munshir kandi, Naudoba, Jajira, Service
Shariatpur
24 Jashim Chowkider Vill. Gofur Munshir kandi, Naudoba, Jajira, Service
Shariatpur
25 Babul Karal Vill. Baster kandi, Naudoba, Jajira, Farmer
Shariatpur
26 Rupa Vill. Baster kandi, Naudoba, Jajira, Housewife
Shariatpur
Annex 10-6
Annex 10-6
Annex 10-6

Padma Multipurpose Bridge Project

Focus Group Discussions with the PAPs on the Proposed RS-2

Date and Time: 07 September 2009 and 11:30-13:30 Hours

Location: Village: Jasaldia, UZ: Lauhojang, Dist: Munshiganj.
Sl. Name & Address Address Profession
1 Shahidul Farazi Vill. Jashaldia, UZ: Lauhajang, Dist.: Service
Munishiganj
2 Md. Abul Kashem Farazi Vill. Jashaldia, Lauhajang, Munishiganj Service

3 Md. Awal Baperi Vill. Jashaldia, Lauhajang, Munishiganj Businessmen

4 Abul Kalam Bepari Vill. Jashaldia, Lauhajang, Munishiganj Service

5 Halim Baperi Vill. Jashaldia, Lauhajang, Munishiganj Service

6 Fazlul Haque Baperi Vill. Jashaldia, Lauhajang, Munishiganj Businessmen

7 Anwar Hossain Vill. Jashaldia, Lauhajang, Munishiganj Businessmen

Tailors
8 Md. Dilip Mollah Vill. Jashaldia, Lauhajang, Munishiganj Labour

9 Md. Alam Mollah Vill. Jashaldia, Lauhajang, Munishiganj Labour

10 Rokeya Begum Vill. Jashaldia, Lauhajang, Munishiganj Housewife

11 Md. Mohashin Vill. Jashaldia, Lauhajang, Munishiganj Businessmen

12 Md. Shahin Vill. Jashaldia, Lauhajang, Munishiganj Businessmen

13 Md Danesh Ali Vill. Jashaldia, Lauhajang, Munishiganj Farmer

14 Hashira Begum Vill. Jashaldia, Lauhajang, Munishiganj Housewife

15 Md. Oakil Vill. Jashaldia, Lauhajang, Munishiganj Businessmen

16 Md Hriday Vill. Jashaldia, Lauhajang, Munishiganj Businessmen

Annex 10-6
Annex 10-6

Padma Multipurpose Bridge Project

Focus Group Discussions with the PAPs on the Proposed RS-1(Commercial)

Date and Time: 07 September 2009 and 9:00-11:00 Hours

Location: Village: Kabutorkhola, UZ: Sreenagar, Dist: Munshiganj.
Sl. Name & Address Address Profession
1 Abdus Samad Matbar Vill. Jashaldia, UZ: Sreenagar, Dist: Businessmen
Munshiganj
2 Abu Jafar Vill. Jashaldia Businessmen

3 Md. Nurul Islam Vill. Kobutarkhola Businessmen

4 Md. Motaleb Hossain Khalifa Vill. Charipara Businessmen

5 Abul Kashem Mollah Vill. Jashaldia Businessmen

6 Md. Asad Khan Jhantoo Vill. Kobutarkhola Businessmen

7 Md. Hashem Matbar Vill. Kobutarkhola Businessmen

8 Md. Mojibur Rahman Khan Vill. Kobutarkhola Businessmen

9 Md. Habibur Rahman Khan Vill. Kobutarkhola Businessmen

10 Md. Bachhu Akon Vill. Kobutarkhola Businessmen

11 Mizanur Rhamn Vill. Jashaldia Businessmen

12 Md. Faruque Hossain Vill. Kobutarkhola Business

13 Pancha Nanda Shaka Vill. Kumarbhog Businessmen

14 Bazlur Rahman Vill. Kobutarkhola Businessmen

15 Md. Nurul Islam Vill. Jashaldia Businessmen

16 Md. Noor Alam Vill. Kobutarkhola Businessmen

17 Ruhul Amin Vll. Hatarpara, UP. Sreenagar Businessmen

Annex 10-6
Annex 10-6

Padma Multipurpose Bridge Project

Focus Group Discussions for the Charland

Date and Time: 20 September 2009 and 12:00-14:30 Hours

Location: Village: Chand Miah Hawladarkandi Char, Union: Kathalbari, UZ: Shibchar, Dist:
Madaripur.
List of Participants
Sl. Name Address Profession
Village: Chan Miah Hawlader
1. Chan Miah Hawlader Upazila: Shibchar, District: Agriculture
Madaripur
Village: Chan Miah Hawlader
2. Nurul Islam Upazila: Shibchar, District: Agriculture
Madaripur
Village: Chan Miah Hawlader
3. Khabir Sheikh Upazila: Shibchar, District: Agriculture
Madaripur
4. Abdur Razzak Bepari Fish Trader
Village: Chan Miah Hawlader
5. Fazlu Hawlader Upazila: Shibchar, District: Agriculture
Madaripur
Village: Chan Miah Hawlader
6. Abdul Bepari Upazila: Shibchar, District: Fish Trader
Madaripur
Village: Chan Miah Hawlader
7. Md. Shikder Upazila: Shibchar, District: Agriculture
Madaripur
Village: Chan Miah Hawlader
8. Hashem Baburchi Upazila: Shibchar, District: Agriculture
Madaripur
Village: Chan Miah Hawlader
9. Ajit Hawlader Upazila: Shibchar, District: Agriculture
Madaripur
Village: Chan Miah Hawlader
10. Kuddus Sheikh Upazila: Shibchar, District: Agriculture
Madaripur
Village: Chan Miah Hawlader
11. Humayun Hawlader Upazila: Shibchar, District: Agriculture
Madaripur
Village: Chan Miah Hawlader
12. Chan Miah Sheikh Upazila: Shibchar, District: Labourer
Madaripur
13. Ada Udidn Village: Chan Miah Hawlader Agriculture
Annex 10-6

Sl. Name Address Profession

Upazila: Shibchar, District:
Madaripur
Village: Chan Miah Hawlader
14. Younus Sarder Upazila: Shibchar, District: Boatman
Madaripur
Village: Chan Miah Hawlader
15. Saheb Ali Upazila: Shibchar, District: Labourer
Madaripur
Village: Chan Miah Hawlader
16. Shahjahan Saiyal Upazila: Shibchar, District: Fish Trader
Madaripur
Annex 10-6
Annex 10-6

Padma Multipurpose Bridge Project

Focus Group Discussions for the Proposed SR1

Date and Time: 20 September 2009 and 14:00-16:00 Hours

Location: Village: Shamoshpur, UZ: Lauhojang, Dist: Munshiganj.
List of Participants
Sl. Name Address Profession
Village: Natgaon
1. Sheikh Amir Hossain Businessmen
Upazila: Sreenagar, Dist: Munshiganj
Village: Hasara Service
2. Md. Anowar Hossain
Upazila: Sreenagar, Dist: Munshiganj
Village: Hasara
3. Tajul Islam Businessmen
Upazila: Sreenagar, Dist: Munshiganj
Village: Hasara
4. Md. Abdul Rahman Businessmen
Upazila: Sreenagar, Dist: Munshiganj
Village: Hasara
5. Md. Kalam Businessmen
Upazila: Sreenagar, Dist: Munshiganj
Village: Samspur
6. Omar Ali Businessmen
Upazila: Sreenagar, Dist: Munshiganj
Village: Samspur
7. Md. Shahjahan Service
Upazila: Sreenagar, Dist: Munshiganj
Village: Hasara
8. Shamal Ghosh Businessmen
Upazila: Sreenagar, Dist: Munshiganj
Village: Hasara
9. Barun Das Chandra Businessmen
Upazila: Sreenagar, Dist: Munshiganj
Village: Hasara
10. Shah Alam Businessmen
Upazila: Sreenagar, Dist: Munshiganj
Annex 10-6
Annex 10-6

Padma Multipurpose Bridge Project

Focus Group Discussions for the Proposed CY2

Date and Time: 19 September 2009 and 16:30-18:30 Hours

Location: Village: Latif Fakir Kandi, UZ: Janjira, Dist: Shariatpur.
List of Participants
Sl. Name Address Profession
Village: Abdul Maid Fakir Kandi
1. Abdul Latif Fakir Businessmen
Upazila: Jajira, District: Shariatpur
Village: Shahrali Beparir Kandi
2. Abdul Aziz Businessmen
Upazila: Jajira, District: Shariatpur
Village: Abdul Maid Fakir Kandi
3. Shahed Akand Farmer
Upazila: Jajira, District: Shariatpur
Village: Abdul Maid Fakir Kandi
4. Alimuddin Mollah Farmer
Upazila: Jajira, District: Shariatpur
Abdus Salam Village: Abdul Maid Fakir Kandi
5. Farmer
Bepari Upazila: Jajira, District: Shariatpur
Village: Abdul Maid Fakir Kandi
6. Abdul Halim Bhuiya Farmer
Upazila: Jajira, District: Shariatpur
Village: Abdul Maid Fakir Kandi
7. Md. Aynal Akand Farmer
Upazila: Jajira, District: Shariatpur
Village: Abdul Maid Fakir Kandi
8. Nuruzzaman Akand Farmer
Upazila: Jajira, District: Shariatpur
Village: Shahar Ali Bepari Kandi
9. Md. Ripon Uddin Businessmen
Upazila: Jajira, District: Shariatpur
Village: Haji Gafur Mollahar Kandi
10. Md. Mizanur Mollah Farmer
Upazila: Jajira, District: Shariatpur
Village: Haji Gafur Mollahar Kandi
11. Abdur Rab Matbar Farmer
Upazila: Jajira, District: Shariatpur
Village: Gafur Mollahar Kandi
12. Israt Hossain Upazila: Jajira, District: Shariatpur Farmer
Annex 10-6
Annex 10-6

Padma Multipurpose Bridge Project

Focus Group Discussions for the Proposed SR-2

Date and Time: 19 September 2009 and 13:00-15:30 Hours

Location: Village: Mazid Dhalir Kandi, Union: Purbo Naodoba, UZ: Janjira, Dist: Shariatpur.
List of Participants
Sl. Name Address Profession
Abdul Village: Majid Dalir Kandi
1. Farmer
Khaleque Upazila: Jajira, District: Shariatpur
Abdul Latif Village: Haji Makirkhar Kandi
2. Teacher
Miah Upazila: Jajira, District: Shariatpur
Haji Abtab
Village: Abdul Majid Dalir Kandi
3. Uddin Teacher
Upazila: Jajira, District: Shariatpur
Hawlader
Village: Majid Dalir Kandi
4. Md. Ishak Farmer
Upazila: Jajira, District: Shariatpur
Majibar Village: Haji Sabder Matbar Kandi
5. Farmer
Matbar Upazila: Jajira, District: Shariatpur
DM Jafar Village: Majid Dalir Kandi
6. Business
Hossain Upazila: Jajira, District: Shariatpur
Md. Tofajal Village: Haji Taher Dali Kandi
7. Teacher
Hossain Upazila: Jajira, District: Shariatpur
Village: Majid Dali Kandi
8. Md. Ibrahim Teacher
Upazila: Jajira, District: Shariatpur
Nazrul Islam Village: Makimkhar Kandi
9. Business
Khan Upazila: Jajira, District: Shariatpur
Village: Sabder Dalir Kandi
10. Jaynal Abedin Business
Upazila: Jajira, District: Shariatpur
Abdul Hakim Village: Hafezkhar Kandi
11. Farmer
Hawlader Upazila: Jajira, District: Shariatpur
Annex 10-6
Annex 10-6

Padma Multipurpose Bridge Project

Focus Group Discussions for the Proposed CY1

Date and Time: 07 September 2009 and 16:00-18:00 Hours

Location: Village: Shimulia, UZ: Lauhajang, Dist: Munshiganj.
List of Participants
Sl. Name Address Profession
Village: Moucha
1. Md Shah Alam Farmer
Upazila: Lauhajang, Dist: Munshiganj
Village: Shimulia Farmer
2. Md. Chand Miah
Upazila: Lauhajang, Dist: Munshiganj
Village: Moucha
3. Md. Mohiuddin Businessmen
Upazila: Lauhajang, Dist: Munshiganj
Md. Nanu Village: Sathgoria
4. Service
Sheikh Upazila: Lauhajang, Dist: Munshiganj
Md. Muzibur Village: Moucha
5. Businessmen
Rahman Khan Upazila: Lauhajang, Dist: Munshiganj
Village: Shimulia
6. Sree Bishojit Businessmen
Upazila: Lauhajang, Dist: Munshiganj
Village: Shimulia
7. Babu Shah Businessmen
Upazila: Lauhajang, Dist: Munshiganj
M. Hossain Village: Moucha
8. Businessmen
Khan Upazila: Lauhajang, Dist: Munshiganj
Village: Sathgoria
9. Amirul Islam Businessmen
Upazila: Lauhajang, Dist: Munshiganj
Village: Shimulia
10. Amir Hossain Businessmen
Upazila: Luahajang, Dist: Munshiganj
Vill: Shimulia
11 Tulshi Shaha Businessmen
Upazila: Luahajang, Dist: Munshiganj
Village: Moucha
12 Raton Mridha Businessmen
Upazila: Luahajang, Dist: Munshiganj
Village: Shimulia
13 Laxman Das Fishermen
Upazila: Luahajang, Dist: Munshiganj
Village: Moucha
14 Milon Munshi Haircutter
Upazila: Luahajang, Dist: Munshiganj
Annex 10-6
 FGD AT CHARLAND
List of Participants

Date: 05.11.2009 Location: Char Kathalbari, Harjabazar,

Shibchar, Madaripur

Sl. Name & Address Profession Signature

1 Md. Mojibur Rahman Business Sd/=
Vill. Aziz Fakirkandi, UZ: Shibchar, Dist. Madaripur
2 Md. Idrish Mason Sd/=
Vill. Aziz Fakirkandi, UZ: Shibchar, Dist. Madaripur
3 Md. Abul Kalam Business Sd/=
Vill. Aziz Fakirkandi, UZ: Shibchar, Dist. Madaripur
4 Md. Hirozzaman (Hiro) Business Sd/=
Vill. Aziz Fakirkandi, UZ: Shibchar, Dist. Madaripur
5 Md. Abul Kashem Fakir Agriculture Sd/=
Vill. Aziz Fakirkandi, UZ: Shibchar, Dist. Madaripur
6 Md. Elias Shekh Business Sd/=
Vill. Aziz Fakirkandi, UZ: Shibchar, Dist. Madaripur
7 Md. Shobhan Shekh Business Sd/=
Vill. Aziz Fakirkandi, UZ: Shibchar, Dist. Madaripur
8 Md. Azhar Business Sd/=
Vill. Aziz Fakirkandi, UZ: Shibchar, Dist. Madaripur
9 Md. Abdul Kuddus Farmer Sd/=
Vill. Aziz Fakirkandi, UZ: Shibchar, Dist. Madaripur
10 F.M. Anowar Student Sd/=
Vill. Aziz Fakirkandi, UZ: Shibchar, Dist. Madaripur
11 Md. Atikur Rahman (Atik) Student Sd/=
Vill. Aziz Fakirkandi, UZ: Shibchar, Dist. Madaripur
12 Munshi Md. Shalim Student Sd/=
Vill. Aziz Fakirkandi, UZ: Shibchar, Dist. Madaripur
13 Md. Fazlur Rahman Farmer Sd/=
Vill. Aziz Fakirkandi, UZ: Shibchar, Dist. Madaripur
14 Md. Abdul Motaleb Farmer Sd/=
Vill. Aziz Fakirkandi, UZ: Shibchar, Dist. Madaripur
15 Md. Lal Miah Shekh Farmer Sd/=
Vill. Aziz Fakirkandi, UZ: Shibchar, Dist. Madaripur
16 Md. Julhashuddin Jobless Sd/=
Vill. Aziz Fakirkandi, UZ: Shibchar, Dist. Madaripur
17 Md. Shekander Miah Farmer Sd/=
Vill. Aziz Fakirkandi, UZ: Shibchar, Dist. Madaripur
18 Md. Abdul Aziz Shekh Farmer Sd/=
Vill. Aziz Fakirkandi, UZ: Shibchar, Dist. Madaripur

Padma Multipurpose Bridge Project

Safeguard Compliance Issues:
5 November 2009
 Char Kathalbari
November 5, 2009
 Annex 10-7: List of Participants-Public Consultation

Padma Multipurpose Bridge Design Project

Final Report (Environmental Action Plan)
Environmental Impact Assessment Report A10-7-8
June 7, 2010
Annex 10-7

List of Participants

Padma Multipurpose Bridge Design Project

Public Consultation

Sl Name Village/Profession/Organization
Time and Date: 10AM to 1PM, July 20, 2009
Location: The Office of the Executive Engineer (Resettlement), Bangladesh Bridge Authority,
Mawa, Louhajang, Munshiganj
1 Haji Md. Yusuf Chairman, Madeni Mondal
2 Md. Salim Bhuyan Caretaker Project water Development Centre
3 Md. Osman Gani Talukder Chairman Louhajang Upazila
4 Md. Mahmudur Rahman Habib Louhajang Union
5 Md. Shariful Islam Sarker Senior Assistant, Padma Setu
6 Md. Mahbub-ul-Hossain Quality Control Manager (Philips)
7 Dr. Nazim Uddin Environment Engineer, Padma Setu
8 Nuri Abdur Rahman Teacher
9 Md. Gias Uddin Khan Business
10 Md. Azizul Haque Dulal Business
11 Md. Azizul Haque Podhar Senior Officer, River Racehorse Institute
12 Rubel Mason
13 Shadadat Hossain Business
14 Md. Humayun Kabir Assistant Environment Engineer
15 Md. Altams Electrician
16 Md. Manjur Khan Business
17 M. Ltfor Rahman (Jinnah) Ex-Businessman
18 Shahidul Islam Business
19 Md. Gias Uddin (Funu) Business
20 Shahidul Farazi Business
21 Md. Litan Khan Business
22 Tajul Islam Business
23 Shekh Md. Zakir Hossain Business
24 Omar Faruq Service, NGO (S.A.S)
25 Shah Alam Service (NGO) Pratic
26 Khabir Uddin Service (NGO) Pratic
27 Abdur Matin Farmer
28 Hasan Matbar Business
29 Mohammad Ali Business
30 Shahnaj Parveen Service, NGO (Karitas)
31 Harun Bepari Business (Rtd.)
32 Delowar Hossain Business
33 Talahamun Khan Business
34 Kazi Abhy Business
35 Azim Business
36 Md. Zakir Driver
37 Khalil Faruq Farmer
38 Haji Gias Uddin (Kulu) Farmer
39 Md. Ali Akbar Farmer
40 Aowlad Hossain Farmer
41 Md. Samad Farmer
42 Gopal Ryshi Business of normal leather
43 Sree Gouranga Chandra Ryshi Business of normal leather
44 Shahdep Moni Ryshi Business of normal leather
45 Saiful Islam Shekh Student
46 Md. Salahuddin Business
47 Md. Abul Hossain Business
48 Md. Ratan Shekh Business
49 Abdur Rahim Business
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Sl Name Village/Profession/Organization
50 Abdul Hashem Mollik Business
51 Sahabul Hossain Business
52 Md. Amir Hossain Business
53 Abdus Sobhan Business
54 Md. Adil Hossain Student
55 Md. Harun Business
56 Md. Hiron Shekh Service
57 Md. Harish Business
58 Md. Abdul Kader Shikder Service
59 Md. Mobarak Hossain Business
60 Md. Osman Gani Service
61 Rajan Farmer
62 Md. Moazzem Kabir Service
63 Md. Shafique Hossain Business
64 Md. Mostafa Service
65 Md. Jahangir Alam Service
66 Md. Akhter Hossain Business
67 Amir Hossain Service
68 Md. Shahidul Islam Talukder Farmer
69 Md. Majibur Rahman Business
70 Abdul Jalil Service
71 S.K.M.A. Kader Business
72 Md. Abul Dhali Farmer
73 Jalaluddin Khandaker Farmer
74 Md. Anisul Islam Van Driver
75 Md. Abul Hossain Service (Rtd.)
76 Md. Abu Teher Business
77 Abdus Salam Darzi Business
78 Md. Hedayet Ullah Service
79 Anwar Hossain Business
80 Md. Adam Ali Business
81 Abdur Razzaq Business
82 Abdul High Darzi Business
83 Md. Dalil Uddin Business
84 Md. Yakub Ali Business
85 Md. Babul Shikder Business
86 Md. Riazuddin Bepari Driver
87 Md. Anowar Miah Business
88 Md. Abdur Rahim
89 Md. Fazlur Rahman Business
90 Md. Mojibur Rahman Service
91 Mosammat Sona Begum House Wife
92 Md. Lutfor Rahman Business
93 Md. Hashem Rickshaw Driver
94 Md. Alauddin Deputy Director/BBA
95 Superintendent Engineer/BWDB
96 Md. Jolil Executive Engineer/BBA
97 Shorful Sarker Senior Assistant Engineer/BBA
98 Assistant Engineer/BBA
99 Masud Karim Consultant/Padma Bridge
100 Ahmed Al Farouk Consultant/Padma Bridge
101 Abu Nahid Munir Uddin Consultant/Padma Bridge

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Sl Name Village/Profession/Organization
Time and Date: 11 AM to 1 PM, July 21, 2009
Location: Naodoba High School, Janjira, Shariatpur
1 Md. Nurul Amin Service
2 Md. Anwar Hossain Service
3 Md. Alauddin Student
4 Md. Faruq Hossain Service
5 Md. Mosaraf Hossain Chairman, Janjira Upa Zila
6 Md. Nuruzzaman Morol Vice Chairman, Janjira Upa Zila
7 Arif Ahmed Khan Assistant Commissioner Janjira Upazila
8 Md. Selim Bhuyan Service
9 Abdul Jalil Service (Rtd.)
10 Md. Humayun Kabir Service
11 Md. Mamun Matbar Business
12 Abdul Khaleq Miah Service
13 Md. Belayet Hossain Business
14 Md. Shah Alam Student
15 Kamruzzaman Khan Service
16 Md. Kabir Farmer
17 Noor Mohammed Howlader Union Parishad Member
18 Md. Serajul Mollik Union Parishad Member
19 Md Abdur Rouf Pofayet Union Parishad Member
20 Md. Abdul Karim Student
21 Md. Mobarak Hossain Shahin Business
22 M. A. Kader Miah Market Sovapati
23 Md. Motaher Hossain Khan Politician
24 S.M. Abdul Malek Politician
25 A.D. Md. Shah Alam LLB (Lower)
26 M. Nurul Islam Chairman (Rtd.)
27 Md. Nazrul Islam Akan Business
28 B.M. Mannan Business
29 Md. Hafiz Bepari Business
30 Noor Mohammed Majhi Business
31 Abdul Karim Mal Politician
32 Israfil Dhali Farmer
33 Md. Shadi Bepari Business
34 Md. Shafiuddin Howlader Farmer
35 Abdur Rashid Farmer
36 Md. Rezaul Karim Business
37 M. A. Jalil Service
38 Abdus Salam Mondal Service
39 Md. Dadan Boyati Farmer
40 Md. Din-e-Islam Farmer
41 Khabir Uddin Farmer
42 Salimuddin Munshi Farmer
43 Abu Sayeed Saleh Mohammed Farmer
44 Abul Hashem Farmer
45 Abdul Haq Howlader Farmer
46 Md. Arfan Service
47 Abdul Khaleq Dhali Farmer
48 Abdur Razzaq Khan Farmer
49 Abdul Aziz Morol Farmer
50 Md. Faruq Bhuyan Business
51 Abdul Jabber Fakir U.P. Member
52 Noor Mohammed Miah Teacher
53 Md. Ikbal Hossain Matbar Business
54 Haji Md. Abul Hossain Service (Rtd.)
55 Kazi Golam Mostafa Head Master
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Sl Name Village/Profession/Organization
56 Abdul Kuddus Mollah U.P. Member
57 Md. Abul Kashem Business
58 Md. Julhash Mollah Famer
59 Md. Jaynal Abedin Business
60 Md. Shawkat Morol Famer
61 Md. Ibrabik Matbar Famer
62 Amjad Dhali Famer
63 Md. osman Gani Matbar Famer
64 Abdul Khaleque Fakir Famer
65 Abdul Mannan Howlader Famer
66 Md. Mowdud Hossain Khokon Student
67 Md. Jasim Uddin Darji
68 Md. Badsha Service
69 Md. Nizamuddin Famer
70 Md. Abu Almal Famer
71 Md. Tara miah Famer
72 Md. Israfil Business
73 Md. Ibrahim Service
74 Md. Majibur Rahman Business
75 Md. Kamruzzaman Fisherman
76 Md. Jasimuddin Student
77 Md. Nurul Islam Business
78 Md. Sultan Bhongi Famer
79 Mohammad Ali Munshi Business
80 Abdul Hamid Dhali Business
81 Md. Shohel Rana Business
82 Md. Kamruzzaman (Badal) Assistant Teacher
83 Md. Ishak (Emon) Service
84 Md. Litan Matbar Farmer
85 Md.Sanaullah Farmer
86 Md. Shohrab Dastagir Business
87 Md. Hedayet Ullah Farmer
88 Md. Harun Kazi Student
89 Md. Lal Miah Faruky Teacher
90 Fazlul Haider Farmer
91 Md. Toiab Ali Miah Doctor
92 Md. Dabir Dhali Business
93 Md. Faruk Ali Business
94 Md. Toffazzal Hossain Business
95 Md. Seraj Mridha Business
96 Md. Serajul Business
97 Md. Matiur Rahman Business
98 Md. Hemayet Hossain Imam
99 Md. Dudu Miah Student
100 Md. Rafiqul Islam Student
101 Md. Al-Amin Student
102 Md. Faruk Mollah Business
103 Abul Kashem Shekh Business
104 Saber Ali Bepary Farmer
105 Shah Alam Business
106 Abdur Rob Munshi Farmer
107 Md. Shahidul Islam Teacher
108 Mohammad Shariful Islam Business
109 Md. Gias Uddin Business
110 Md. Idrish ali Farmer
111 Dr. Sultan Miah Business
112 Dr. Md. Imdadul (Dulu) Business
113 Md. Kawser Student
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Sl Name Village/Profession/Organization
114 Md. Abul Kashem Farmer
115 Md. Soleman Farmer
116 Md. Babul Dhali Farmer
117 Gaziur Rahman Howlader Business
118 Abdul Sukkur Khan Farmer
119 Shekh Md. Altaf Head Master
120 Md. Ali Gasi Farmer
121 Faruq Hossain (Shapan) Business
122 Md. Alamgir Hossain Business
123 Md. Mizanur Rahman Service
124 Md. Shohrab Hossain Service
125 Md. Shahidul Islam Business
126 Abdus Salam Miah Business
127 Md. Shamsul Alam Teacher
128 Md. Shahidul Islam Electrician
129 Abdul Mannan Fakir Farmer
130 Abdur Razzaq Bepari Farmer
131 Md. Alauddin Deputy Director/BBA
132 Superintendent Engineer/BWDB
133 Md. Jolil Executive Engineer/BBA
134 Assistant Engineer/BBA
135 Masud Karim Consultant/Padma Bridge
136 Ahmed Al Farouk Consultant/Padma Bridge
137 Abu Nahid Munir Uddin Consultant/Padma Bridge

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Time and Date: 11 AM to 1 PM, July 22, 2009

Location: Union Council of Matbar Char, Headquarter of Bakorkandi, Shibchar, Madaripur
1 K.B.D. Md. Rafiqul Islam Service
2 Md. Anowar Hossain Service
3 Md. Kabirul Hossain Service
4 Md. Salim Bhuyan Service
5 Abdul Jalil Service
6 Ahmed Al Faruq Service
7 Md. Humayun Kabir Service
8 Md. Zakir Hossain Service
9 Md. Ashraful Islam Service
10 Md. Monirul Mamun Service
11 Mohammad Abdus Salam Service
12 Bipul Chandra Biswas Service
13 Uttam Kumar Bhadra Service
14 Md. Salim Miah Service
15 S.M. Rafique Islam Service
16 Dulal Chandra Mridha Service
17 Md. Delowar Hossain
18 Mohammad Ali Jinnah Service
19 Abdur Razzaq U.P. Chairman
20 Haji Md. Motaher Hossain Service
21 Habib Bepari Service(Rtd.)
22 Akhter Hossain Service
23 Md. Serajul Islam Business
24 Zahirul Islam Farmer
25 Md. Abul Hossain Farmer
26 Sukkur Ali Farmer
27 Md. Mannan Mollah Farmer
28 Shahidul Islam Business
29 Md. Shamsuddin Akan Service (Rtd.)
30 A.K.M. Nasirul Haq Journalist
31 Moktar Hossain Business
32 Jabber Bepari Mason
33 Noor Ahmed Business
34 Abdul Kader Morol Mason
35 Motaher Matbar Farmer
36 Md. Elias Hossain Farmer
37 Nazim Uddin Farmer
38 Kamrul Kazi Business
39 Abdus Salam Matbar Business
40 Alauddin Kazi Farmer
41 Ratan Bepari Farmer
42 Shilpi Akhter Service
43 Md. Bachhu Khalifa
44 Md. Shahid Khalifa Student
45 Md. Abul Kalam Student
46 Bepu Student
47 Mannan Bepari Farmer
48 M. Kamruzzaman Service
49 Md. Ripon Miah Business
50 Md. Khoka Shikder Business
51 Khalid Bepari Farmer
52 Anowar Hossain Business
53 Md. Muzaffar Howlader Farmer
54 Md. Ayub Ali Khan Farmer
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55 Md. Iqbal Hossain Business

56 Md. Faruk Hossain Farmer
57 Md. Liaquat Hossain Farmer
58 Hafes Kadir Farmer
59 Mosaraf Matbar Farmer
60 Abul Kha Farmer
61 Shekh Farid Business
62 Abdul Latif Mridha Farmer
63 Delwar Farmer
64 Babul Mollah Muchi (Rishi)
65 Abul Hossain CNG Driver
66 Yusuf Mollah Farmer
67 Ibrabim Farmer
68 Abdur Razzaq Shikder Business
69 Shahin Student
70 Md. Ripon Student
71 Titu Bepari Student
72 Gani Howlader Business
73 Suruz Sarder Farmer
74 Abdul Haq Rickshaw Driver
75 Abdul Majid Business
76 Md. Afsar Uddin Business
77 Hafiz Farmer
78 Shah Alam Farmer
79 Yunus Bepari Farmer
80 Abul Kashem Business
81 Eliash Ahmed Teacher
82 Rob Miah
83 Faruq Sarker Business
84 Ismail Bepari Business
85 Tara Miah Business
86 Md. Shah Alam Farmer
87 Mohiuddin Shekh Business
88 Shah Alam Driver
89 Altab Bepari Business
90 Chan Miah Business
91 Md. Habibullah Bahar Business
92 Altab Shikder Farmer
93 Md. Samad Farmer
94 Moti Shikder Farmer
95 Md. Rokon Farmer
96 Shahin Munshi Business
97 Habibur Rahman Matbar Farmer
98 Abdus Salam Miah Farmer
99 Md. Mansurul Haq Student
100 Abdul Latif Miah Business
101 Hiru Farmer
102 Md. Mohsin Business
103 Md. Alauddin Deputy Director/BBA
104 Superintendent Engineer/BWDB
105 Md. Jolil Executive Engineer/BBA
106 Assistant Engineer/BBA
107 Masud Karim Consultant/Padma Bridge
108 Ahmed Al Farouk Consultant/Padma Bridge

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July‐August 2009
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List of Participants
Padma Multipurpose Bridge Design Project
2nd Public Consultation

Time and Date: 11:30 – 14:30 , 16/03/2010

Location: Jasaldia, Lawhajong, Munshiganj

Sl. Name and Address Profession Signature

1 Mustafa, Vill: Jasaldia, Lawhajong, Munshiganj Farmer Sd/=

2 Md. Kalim Akanda, Vill: Jasaldia, Lawhajong, Munshiganj Farmer Sd/=

3 Abdul Mannan, Vill: Jasaldia, Lawhajong, Munshiganj Mistry Sd/=

4 Md. Siddique, Vill: Jasaldia, Lawhajong, Munshiganj Farmer Sd/=

5 Md. Faruk, Vill: Kumarbhog, Business Sd/=

6 Md. Alamgir Hossain, Vill: Jasaldia, Lawhajong, Munshiganj Farmer Sd/=

7 Md. Abdul Aziz, Vill: Jasaldia, Lawhajong, Munshiganj Farmer Sd/=

8 Mir Akbar Ali, Vill: Jasaldia, Lawhajong, Munshiganj Business Sd/=

9 Mir Shahabuddin Ahmed, Vill: Jasaldia, Lawhajong, Munshiganj Service Sd/=

10 Shokor, Vill: Jasaldia, Lawhajong, Munshiganj Tailers Sd/=

11 Md. Monoar Hossain, Vill: Jasaldia, Lawhajong, Munshiganj Service Sd/=

12 Bokhtia, Vill: Jasaldia, Lawhajong, Munshiganj Service Sd/=

13 Shapan Kumar Biswa, Vill: Jasaldia, Lawhajong, Munshiganj Teacher Sd/=

14 Md. Emrul Hassan, Vill: Jasaldia, Lawhajong, Munshiganj Teacher Sd/=

15 Joynal Abdin, Vill: Jasaldia, Lawhajong, Munshiganj Fisherman Sd/=

16 Mahmudul Islam Faraji, Vill: Jasaldia, Lawhajong, Munshiganj Business Sd/=

17 Abdul Mannan Munshi, Vill: Jasaldia, Lawhajong, Munshiganj Farmer Sd/=

18 Abu Bakar Al Noman, Vill: Jasaldia, Lawhajong, Munshiganj Student Sd/=

19 Edrish Bapary, Vill: Jasaldia, Lawhajong, Munshiganj Farmer Sd/=

20 Rafique, Vill: Jasaldia, Lawhajong, Munshiganj Farmer Sd/=

21 Foyjal Haque, Vill: Uttaj Jasaldia, Lawhajong, Munshiganj Farmer Sd/=

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List of Participants
Padma Multipurpose Bridge Design Project
Public Consultation (2nd )

Time and Date: 11:30 – 14:30 , 16/03/2010

Location: Jasaldia, Lawhajong, Munshiganj

Sl. Name and Address Profession Signature

22 Abul Fali, Vill: Jasaldia, Lawhajong, Munshiganj Farmer Sd/=

23 Abul Kalam, Vill: Jasaldia, Lawhajong, Munshiganj Farmer Sd/=

24 Md. Shah Alam, Vill: Jasaldia, Lawhajong, Munshiganj Farmer Sd/=

25 Md. Zakir Mridah, Vill: Jasaldia, Lawhajong, Munshiganj Tailors Sd/=

26 Md. Atiar Rahman, Vill: Jasaldia, Lawhajong, Munshiganj Emam Sd/=

27 Alhaj Md. Joynul, Vill: Jasaldia, Lawhajong, Munshiganj Business Sd/=

28 Abdul Kuddus, Vill: Jasaldia, Lawhajong, Munshiganj Service Sd/=

29 Eman Hossain, Vill: Jasaldia, Lawhajong, Munshiganj Service Sd/=

30 Md. Sumon, Vill: Jasaldia Kandipara, Lawhajong, Munshiganj Service Sd/=

31 Md. Nazmul Hossain, Vill: Jasaldia, Lawhajong, Munshiganj Business Sd/=

32 Md. Alamgir, Vill: Jasaldia, Lawhajong, Munshiganj Service Sd/=

33 Md. Nazrul Islam, Vill: Jasaldia, Lawhajong, Munshiganj Fisherman Sd/=

34 Md. Hanif Bapery, Vill: Jasaldia, Lawhajong, Munshiganj Business Sd/=

35 Md. Toffazzol Hossain, Shafiuddin Akond, Vill: Jasaldia, Lawhajong, Farmer Sd/=
Munshiganj
36 Md. Azad, Vill: Jasaldia, Lawhajong, Munshiganj Farmer Sd/=

37 Dr. Md. Rafiqul Islam, Vill: Jasaldia, Lawhajong, Munshiganj Business Sd/=

38 Md. Dilip Mollah, Vill: Jasaldia, Lawhajong, Munshiganj Business Sd/=

39 Sampa Akther, Vill: Jasaldia, Lawhajong, Munshiganj Student Sd/=

40 Sharmin Akther, Vill: Jasaldia, Lawhajong, Munshiganj Student Sd/=

41 Habiba Akther, Vill: Jasaldia, Lawhajong, Munshiganj Student Sd/=

42 Laboni Akther, Vill: Jasaldia, Lawhajong, Munshiganj Student Sd/=

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List of Participants
Padma Multipurpose Bridge Design Project
Public Consultation (2nd )

Time and Date: 11:30 – 14:30 , 16/03/2010

Location: Jasaldia, Lawhajong, Munshiganj

Sl. Name and Address Profession Signature

43 Eva Akther, Vill: Jasaldia, Lawhajong, Munshiganj Student Sd/=

44 Sharmin Akther, Vill: Jasaldia Kandipara, Lawhajong, Munshiganj Student Sd/=

45 Sharmin Akther, Vill: Jasaldia Kandipara, Lawhajong, Munshiganj Student Sd/=

46 Afzana Akther, Vill: Jasaldia Kandipara, Lawhajong, Munshiganj Student Sd/=

47 Mim Akther, Vill: Jasaldia, Lawhajong, Munshiganj Student Sd/=

48 Lata Mondal, Vill: Mawa, Lawhajong, Munshiganj Student Sd/=

49 Mithila Akhter, Vill: Jasaldia, Lawhajong, Munshiganj Student Sd/=

50 Papia Akhter, Vill: Jasaldia, Lawhajong, Munshiganj Student Sd/=

51 Ria Mony, Vill: Jasaldia Kandipara, Lawhajong, Munshiganj Student Sd/=

52 Khadija Akhter, Vill: Jasaldia, Lawhajong, Munshiganj Student Sd/=

53 Shumia Akhter, Vill: Jasaldia, Lawhajong, Munshiganj Student Sd/=

54 Shadia Akhter, Vill: Jasaldia Kandipara, Lawhajong, Munshiganj Student Sd/=

55 Shamia Akhter, Vill: Jasaldia, Lawhajong, Munshiganj Student Sd/=

56 Anna Akhter, Vill: Jasaldia, Lawhajong, Munshiganj Student Sd/=

57 Jarin Akhter, Vill: Jasaldia, Lawhajong, Munshiganj Student Sd/=

58 Nadia Akhter, Vill: Jasaldia, Lawhajong, Munshiganj Student Sd/=

59 Nurjahan Akhter, Vill: Jasaldia, Lawhajong, Munshiganj Student Sd/=

60 Momi Akhter, Vill: Jasaldia, Lawhajong, Munshiganj Student Sd/=

61 Masuda Akhter, Vill: Jasaldia, Lawhajong, Munshiganj Student Sd/=

62 Afifa Ahmed, Vill: Jasaldia, Lawhajong, Munshiganj Student Sd/=

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List of Participants
Padma Multipurpose Bridge Design Project
Public Consultation (2nd )

Time and Date: 11:30 – 14:30 , 16/03/2010

Location: Jasaldia, Lawhajong, Munshiganj

63 Shabnur Akhter, Vill: Jasaldia, Lawhajong, Munshiganj Student Sd/=

64 Shanjida Akhter, Vill: Jasaldia, Lawhajong, Munshiganj Student Sd/=

65 Urmi Akhter, Vill: Jasaldia, Lawhajong, Munshiganj Student Sd/=

66 Roky, Vill: Jasaldia, Lawhajong, Munshiganj Business Sd/=

67 Md. Anisur Rahman, Vill: Jasaldia, Lawhajong, Munshiganj Student Sd/=

68 Md. Shamsul Alam, Vill: Jasaldia, Lawhajong, Munshiganj Student Sd/=

69 Fatema Akhter, Vill: Jasaldia, Lawhajong, Munshiganj Student Sd/=

70 Babita Akhter, Vill: Jasaldia, Lawhajong, Munshiganj Student Sd/=

71 Rehena Akhter, Vill: Jasaldia, Lawhajong, Munshiganj Student Sd/=

72 Farzana Akhter, Vill: Jasaldia, Lawhajong, Munshiganj Student Sd/=

73 Eti Akhter, Vill: Jasaldia, Lawhajong, Munshiganj Student Sd/=

74 Laboni Akhter, Vill: Jasaldia, Lawhajong, Munshiganj Student Sd/=

75 Nurjahan Akhter, Vill: Jasaldia, Lawhajong, Munshiganj Student Sd/=

76 Jharna Akhter, Vill: Jasaldia, Lawhajong, Munshiganj Student Sd/=

77 Mahmuda Akhter, Vill: Jasaldia, Lawhajong, Munshiganj Student Sd/=

78 Trisna Rani Mondal, Vill: Jasaldia Kanidpara, Lawhajong, Student Sd/=

Munshiganj
79 Shabina Akhter, Vill: Jasaldia, Lawhajong, Munshiganj Student Sd/=

80 Ayrin Akhter, Vill: Jasaldia Kandipara, Lawhajong, Munshiganj Student Sd/=

81 Antora Akhter, Vill: Jasaldia Kandipara, Lawhajong, Munshiganj Student Sd/=

82 Tanjina Rahman, Vill: Jasaldia Kandipara, Lawhajong, Munshiganj Student Sd/=

83 Eva Akhter, Vill: Jasaldia Kandipara, Lawhajong, Munshiganj Student Sd/=

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List of Participants
Padma Multipurpose Bridge Design Project
Public Consultation (2nd )

Time and Date: 11:30 – 14:30 , 16/03/2010

Location: Jasaldia, Lawhajong, Munshiganj

84 Arpa Akhter, Vill: Jasaldia Kandipara, Lawhajong, Munshiganj Student Sd/=

85 Asba Akhter, Vill: Jasaldia Kandipara, Lawhajong, Munshiganj Student Sd/=

86 Sumona Akhter, Vill: Jasaldia Kandipara, Lawhajong, Munshiganj Student Sd/=

87 Lbonna Akhter, Vill: Jasaldia Kandipara, Lawhajong, Munshiganj Student Sd/=

88 Fahmida, Vill: Jasaldia Kandipara, Lawhajong, Munshiganj Student Sd/=

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List of Participants
Padma Multipurpose Bridge Design Project
2nd Public Consultation

Time and Date: 16:00 – 18:00 , 16/03/2010

Location: Kumarbhog Primary School, Lawhajang, Munshigonj.

Sl. Name and Address Profession Signature

1 Shobnab Shiuly, Vill. & Post: Madinimondal, Lowhajong Teacher Sd/=

2 Shamsunnahar, Vill. & Post: Madinimondal, Lowhajong Teacher Sd/=

3 Shamima Akther, Vill. & Post: Madinimondal, Lowhajong Teacher Sd/=

4 Oloka Rani Das, Vill. & Post: Bhaggokul, Sreenagar Teacher Sd/=

5 Akther Hossain, Vill. Shimulia, Post: Haldia, Lawhajong Teacher Sd/=

6 Hazi Giasuddin (Dolu), Vill. & Post: Madinimondal, Lowhajong Service (Rtd.) Sd/=

7 Shohrab Ali, Vill. & Post: Madinimondal, Lowhajong Service man Sd/=

8 Md. Mahmudur Rahman, Vill. & Post: Madinimondal, Lowhajong Business Sd/=

9 Kazi Nazrul Islam, Vill. & Post: Kumarbhog, Lowhajong Service (Rtd.) Sd/=

10 Mohammad Ali Shekh, Kumarbhog, Lowhajong Business Sd/=

11 K.M. Iqbal Plato, Vill: Kumarbhog, Lowhajong Business Sd/=

12 Md. Hafizur Rahman, Vill: Kumarbhog, Lowhajong Business Sd/=

13 Md. Ali Akbar, Vill: Kumarbhog, Lowhajong Farmer Sd/=

14 Abdul Kyum Sarker, Vill: Kumarbhog, Lowhajong Service Sd/=

15 Fatka Jaman Khan, Vill: Kumarbhog, Lowhajong Business Sd/=

16 Md. Aminul Haque, Vill: Kumarbhog, Lowhajong Business Sd/=

17 Md. Abul Hossain, Vill: Kazirpagla, Lowhajong Business Sd/=

18 Md. Saidul Islam, Vill: Kumarbhog, Lowhajong Service Sd/=

19 Md. Rafique Hossain, Vill: Kumarbhog, Lowhajong Business Sd/=

20 Md. Rajan Shekh, Vill: Kumarbhog, Lowhajong Farmer Sd/=

21 Md. Emarat Khan, Vill: Kumarbhog, Lowhajong Farmer Sd/=

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List of Participants
Padma Multipurpose Bridge Design Project
Public Consultation (2nd )

Time and Date: 16:00 – 18:00 , 16/03/2010

Location: Kumarbhog Primary School, Lawhajang, Munshigonj.

Sl. Name and Address Profession Signature

22 Md. Ruhul Amin, Vill: Kumarbhog, Lowhajong Farmer Sd/=

23 Abul Kashem, Vill: Kumarbhog, Lowhajong Business Sd/=

24 Farjana Akther, Vill: Kumarbhog, Lowhajong Student Sd/=

25 Md. Abdul Haque, Vill: Kumarbhog, Lowhajong Student Sd/=

26 Md. Anwar Hossain, Vill: Kumarbhog, Lowhajong Farmer Sd/=

27 Most. Shikha, Vill: Kumarbhog, Lowhajong Student Sd/=

28 Most. Akhi Moni, Vill: Kumarbhog, Lowhajong Student Sd/=

29 Md. Nihar Khan, Vill: Kumarbhog, Lowhajong Business Sd/=

30 Md. Shobhan, Vill: Kumarbhog, Lowhajong Driver Sd/=

31 Md. Mokbul, Vill: Kumarbhog, Lowhajong Service Sd/=

32 Md. Alamgir, Vill: Kumarbhog, Lowhajong Farmer Sd/=

33 Md. Zakir , Vill: Kumarbhog, Lowhajong Driver Sd/=

34 Md. Litan Khan, Vill: Kumarbhog, Lowhajong Businees Sd/=

35 Abdur Rahman, Vill: Kumarbhog, Lowhajong Business Sd/=

36 Md. Motaleb Mollah, Vill: Kumarbhog, Lowhajong Business Sd/=

37 Abdul Samad Howlader, Vill: Kumarbhog, Lowhajong Business Sd/=

38 Abdul Jabbar Madbar, Vill: Kumarbhog, Lowhajong Farmer Sd/=

39 Md. Fazlu, Vill: Kumarbhog, Lowhajong Driver Sd/=

40 Md. Siddique Khan, Vill: Kumarbhog, Lowhajong Business Sd/=

41 Md. Arif Ali, Vill: Kumarbhog, Lowhajong Business Sd/=

42 Md. Abdul Majid, Vill: Kumarbhog, Lowhajong Farmer Sd/=

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 Annex 10-7

List of Participants
Padma Multipurpose Bridge Design Project
Public Consultation (2nd )

Time and Date: 16:00 – 18:00 , 16/03/2010

Location: Kumarbhog Primary School, Lawhajang, Munshigonj.

Sl. Name and Address Profession Signature

43 Md. Khabir Bapery, Vill: Kumarbhog, Lowhajong Business Sd/=

44 Md. Shahid Mollah, Vill: Kumarbhog, Lowhajong Business Sd/=

45 Md. Tanbar Shekh, Vill: Kumarbhog, Lowhajong Farmer Sd/=

46 Md. Kalu, Vill: Kumarbhog, Lowhajong Farmer Sd/=

47 Md. Jahangir, Vill: Kumarbhog, Lowhajong Business Sd/=

48 Md. Manik Mridah, Vill: Kumarbhog, Lowhajong Business Sd/=

49 Md. Shahin, Vill: Kumarbhog, Lowhajong Farmer Sd/=

50 Laskhan Chandra Das, Vill: Kumarbhog, Lowhajong Service Sd/=

51 Abdul Awal Hossain, Vill: Kumarbhog, Lowhajong Business Sd/=

52 Md. Shahidul Haque, Vill: Kumarbhog, Lowhajong Business Sd/=

53 Md. Aslam Dhali, Vill: Kumarbhog, Lowhajong Business Sd/=

54 Md. Lalu Khan, Vill: Kumarbhog, Lowhajong Business Sd/=

55 Md. Shahinur Alam Khan, Vill: Kumarbhog, Lowhajong Businees Sd/=

56 Md. Msud Khan, Vill: Kumarbhog, Lowhajong Kazi Sd/=

57 Md. Elias, Vill: Kumarbhog, Lowhajong Business Sd/=

58 Abdur Rahman, Vill: Kumarbhog, Lowhajong Business Sd/=

59 Md. Rumel, Vill: Kumarbhog, Lowhajong Business Sd/=

60 Khajz Nasiruddin, Business Business Sd/=

P-3
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Annex 10-7
Annex 10-7
Annex 10-7
Annex 10-7
 Annex 10-7

List of Participants
Padma Multipurpose Bridge Design Project
2nd Public Consultation

Time and Date: 11:00 – 14:00 , 17/03/2010

Location: Naodoba High School, Janjira, Shariatpur.

Sl. Name and Address Profession Signature

1 Md. Humayun Kabir, Naodoba, Janjira, Shariatpur. Business Sd/=

2 Abdur Razzaque Bapary, Naodoba, Janjira, Shariatpur. Farmer Sd/=

3 Fazlu Howlader, Naodoba, Janjira, Shariatpur. Farmer Sd/=

4 Md. Monsur Ali, Naodoba, Janjira, Shariatpur. Business Sd/=

5 Noor Mohammad Miah, Naodoba, Janjira, Shariatpur. Teacher Sd/=

6 Md. Delwar Hossain, Naodoba, Janjira, Shariatpur. Business Sd/=

7 Md. Kamal Bapery, Naodoba, Janjira, Shariatpur. Business Sd/=

8 Md. Zulfiqar Ali, Noor Mohammad Howlader, Naodoba, Janjira, U.P. Member Sd/=
Shariatpur.
9 Noor Mohammad Howlader, Naodoba, Janjira, Shariatpur. Business Sd/=

10 Abu Jafar Badal, Naodoba, Janjira, Shariatpur. Farmer Sd/=

11 Md. Habibur Rahman, Naodoba, Janjira, Shariatpur. Farmer Sd/=

12 Abdul Malek Miah, Naodoba, Janjira, Shariatpur. U.P. Secretary Sd/=

13 Md. Shamsul Islam , Naodoba, Janjira, Shariatpur. Farmer Sd/=

14 Md. Azhar Bapery, Naodoba, Janjira, Shariatpur. Farmer Sd/=

15 Abdul Mannan Howlader, Naodoba, Janjira, Shariatpur. Farmer Sd/=

16 Md. Shadi Bapery, Naodoba, Janjira, Shariatpur. Business Sd/=

17 Hazi Md. Abul Hossain, Naodoba, Janjira, Shariatpur. Business Sd/=

18 Noor Mohammad Chowkidar, Naodoba, Janjira, Shariatpur. Farmer Sd/=

19 Md. Dudu Miah, Naodoba, Janjira, Shariatpur. Farmer Sd/=

20 Md. Edrish Ali, Naodoba, Janjira, Shariatpur. Business Sd/=

21 Shawn Mahmud, Naodoba, Janjira, Shariatpur. Business Sd/=

P-1
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List of Participants
Padma Multipurpose Bridge Design Project
Public Consultation (2nd )

Time and Date: 11:00 – 14:00 , 17/03/2010

Location: Naodoba High School, Janjira, Shariatpur.

Sl. Name and Address Profession Signature

22 Kabir Ahmed, Naodoba, Janjira, Shariatpur. Student Sd/=

23 Md. Shohag Miah, Naodoba, Janjira, Shariatpur. Driver Sd/=

24 Md. Shelim Miah, Naodoba, Janjira, Shariatpur. Farmer Sd/=

25 Md. Abdul Jabbar Fakir, Naodoba, Janjira, Shariatpur. Farmer Sd/=

26 Md. Iqbal Madbar, Naodoba, Janjira, Shariatpur. Farmer Sd/=

27 Md. Shohag Miah, Naodoba, Janjira, Shariatpur. Student Sd/=

28 Md. Sultan Bapery, Naodoba, Janjira, Shariatpur. Farmer Sd/=

29 Md. Anwar Hossain, Naodoba, Janjira, Shariatpur. Service Sd/=

30 Abdus Salam Bapery, Naodoba, Janjira, Shariatpur. Business Sd/=

31 Abdur Rahim Shekh, Naodoba, Janjira, Shariatpur. Business Sd/=

32 Md. Seraj Fakir, Naodoba, Janjira, Shariatpur. Business Sd/=

33 Md. Khalilur Rahman, Naodoba, Janjira, Shariatpur. Farmer Sd/=

34 Md. Jalil Howlader, Naodoba, Janjira, Shariatpur. Farmer Sd/=

35 Md. Motaleb Shekh, Naodoba, Janjira, Shariatpur. Farmer Sd/=

36 Md. Lal Miah, Naodoba, Janjira, Shariatpur. Farmer Sd/=

37 Md. Shelim Bapery, Naodoba, Janjira, Shariatpur. Business Sd/=

38 Shah Jalal Khan, Naodoba, Janjira, Shariatpur. Farmer Sd/=

39 Md. Mobarak Hossain Shahin, Naodoba, Janjira, Shariatpur. Farmer Sd/=

40 Md. Shah Alam Khan, Naodoba, Janjira, Shariatpur. Business Sd/=

41 Md. Faruk Mollah, Naodoba, Janjira, Shariatpur. Business Sd/=

42 Md. Abdul Kader Shikder, Naodoba, Janjira, Shariatpur. Business Sd/=

P-2
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List of Participants
Padma Multipurpose Bridge Design Project
Public Consultation (2nd )

Time and Date: 11:00 – 14:00 , 17/03/2010

Location: Naodoba High School, Janjira, Shariatpur.

Sl. Name and Address Profession Signature

43 Abdul Aziz Madbar, Naodoba, Janjira, Shariatpur. Business Sd/=

44 Md. Faruk Dhali, Naodoba, Janjira, Shariatpur. Business Sd/=

45 Mowlana Md. Mafizul Islam, Naodoba, Janjira, Shariatpur. Business Sd/=

46 Abdul Aziz Moral, Naodoba, Janjira, Shariatpur. Tailers Sd/=

47 Shekh Shamim Hossain, Naodoba, Janjira, Shariatpur. Service Sd/=

48 Hossain Shikder, Naodoba, Janjira, Shariatpur. Farmer Sd/=

49 Alam Mollah, Naodoba, Janjira, Shariatpur. Driver Sd/=

50 Abdur Rahim, Naodoba, Janjira, Shariatpur. Farmer Sd/=

51 Md. Kuddus Chowkider, Naodoba, Janjira, Shariatpur. Farmer Sd/=

52 Md. Abdus Sabur, Naodoba, Janjira, Shariatpur. Service Sd/=

53 Ahammad Madbar, Naodoba, Janjira, Shariatpur. Labour Sd/=

54 Md. Sukur Ali, Naodoba, Janjira, Shariatpur. Farmer Sd/=

55 Rajani Kanta Sarker, Naodoba, Janjira, Shariatpur. Service Sd/=

56 Alok Hira, Naodoba, Janjira, Shariatpur. Service Sd/=

57 Motaleb Sarder, Naodoba, Janjira, Shariatpur. Farmer Sd/=

58 Alamgir Bapery, Naodoba, Janjira, Shariatpur. Farmer Sd/=

59 Abul, Naodoba, Janjira, Shariatpur. Farmer Sd/=

60 Fazlu, Naodoba, Janjira, Shariatpur. Farmer Sd/=

61 Dr. Emdadul Haque (Dulal), Naodoba, Janjira, Shariatpur. Business Sd/=

62 Abu, Naodoba, Janjira, Shariatpur. Farmer Sd/=

P-3
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List of Participants
Padma Multipurpose Bridge Design Project
Public Consultation (2nd )

Time and Date: 11:00 – 14:00 , 17/03/2010

Location: Naodoba High School, Janjira, Shariatpur.

63 Faruk Hossain, Vill: Naodoba, Janjira, Shariatpur. Student Sd/=

64 Maher Ali Madbar, Vill: Naodoba, Janjira, Shariatpur. Farmer Sd/=

65 Ahmad Ali, Vill: Naodoba, Janjira, Shariatpur. Business Sd/=

66 Md. Jasimuddin, Vill: Naodoba, Janjira, Shariatpur. Business Sd/=

67 Md. Khabiruddin Gomosta, Vill: Naodoba, Janjira, Shariatpur. Business Sd/=

68 Abdul Jalil Miah, Vill: Naodoba, Janjira, Shariatpur. U.P, Chairman Sd/=

69 M.A. Kader Miah, Vill: Naodoba, Janjira, Shariatpur. Business Sd/=

70 Fazlur Rahman, Vill: Naodoba, Janjira, Shariatpur. Business Sd/=

71 Md. Hafizur Rahman (Hafiz), Vill: Naodoba, Janjira, Shariatpur. Business Sd/=

72 Abu Said Saleh Mahmud, Vill: Naodoba, Janjira, Shariatpur. Service (Rtd.) Sd/=

73 Abdul Khaleque, Vill: Naodoba, Janjira, Shariatpur. Business Sd/=

74 A.K. Fazlul Haque, Vill: Naodoba, Janjira, Shariatpur. Service Sd/=

75 Kazi Golam Mostafa, Vill: Naodoba, Janjira, Shariatpur. Service Sd/=

76 Md. Mamun Madbar, Vill: Naodoba, Janjira, Shariatpur. U.P. Member Sd/=

77 Salimuddin Munshi, Vill: Naodoba, Janjira, Shariatpur. Farmer Sd/=

78 Wahidur Rahman, Vill: Naodoba, Janjira, Shariatpur. Service Sd/=

79 Jahangir Shikder, Vill: Naodoba, Janjira, Shariatpur. Service Sd/=

80 Abdul Aziz Madbar, Vill: Naodoba, Janjira, Shariatpur. Farmer Sd/=

81 Md. Khalil Miah, Vill: Naodoba, Janjira, Shariatpur. Business Sd/=

82 Md. Abul Kalam, Vill: Naodoba, Janjira, Shariatpur. Business Sd/=

83 Lal Miah, Vill: Naodoba, Janjira, Shariatpur. Farmer Sd/=

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List of Participants
Padma Multipurpose Bridge Design Project
Public Consultation (2nd )

Time and Date: 11:00 – 14:00 , 17/03/2010

Location: Naodoba High School, Janjira, Shariatpur.

84 Md. Azizul, Vill: Naodoba, Janjira, Shariatpur. Business Sd/=

85 Md. Anamul Haque Dhali, Vill: Naodoba, Janjira, Shariatpur. Business Sd/=

86 Md. Edrish, Vill: Naodoba, Janjira, Shariatpur. Business Sd/=

87 Md. Halan Shikder, Vill: Naodoba, Janjira, Shariatpur. Business Sd/=

88 Md. Harun, Vill: Naodoba, Janjira, Shariatpur. Business Sd/=

89 Md. Shamsul Haque, Vill: Naodoba, Janjira, Shariatpur. Business Sd/=

90 Md. Anwar, Vill: Naodoba, Janjira, Shariatpur. Farmer Sd/=

91 Abdul Mannan, Vill: Naodoba, Janjira, Shariatpur. Farmer Sd/=

92 Serajul, Vill: Naodoba, Janjira, Shariatpur. Business Sd/=

93 Abdus Salam, Vill: Naodoba, Janjira, Shariatpur. Farmer Sd/=

94 Md. Lokman Hossain, Vill: Naodoba, Janjira, Shariatpur. Teacher Sd/=

95 Abdur Rashid Gomosta, Vill: Naodoba, Janjira, Shariatpur. Business Sd/=

96 Md. Abul Kashem, Vill: Naodoba, Janjira, Shariatpur. Farmer Sd/=

97 Md. Anwar Fisherman Sd/=

98 Md. Altaf, Vill: Naodoba, Janjira, Shariatpur. Business Sd/=

99 Abdul Barek, Vill: Naodoba, Janjira, Shariatpur. Business Sd/=

100 Md. Tahidul, Vill: Naodoba, Janjira, Shariatpur. Farmer Sd/=

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Annex 10-7
Annex 10-7
Annex 10-7
 Annex 10-7
List of Participants
Padma Multipurpose Bridge Design Project
2nd Public Consultation

Time and Date: 11:00 – 13:00 , 18/03/2010

Location: Madbarchar U.P: Vill: Bhakhorerkandi, Shibchar, Madaripur.

Sl. Name and Address Profession Signature

1 Mowlana Md. Shajhahan Miah, Vill: Bhakhorerkandi, Shibchar, Service Sd/=
Madaripur.
2 Md. Haji Abdul Majid, Vill: Bhakhorerkandi, Shibchar, Madaripur. Farmer Sd/=

3 Ajgar Hossain, Vill: Bhakhorerkandi, Shibchar, Madaripur. Farmer Sd/=

4 Md. Jahangir Sadrat, Vill: Bhakhorerkandi, Shibchar, Madaripur. Farmer Sd/=

5 Md. Mohasin Uddin, Vill: Bhakhorerkandi, Shibchar, Madaripur. Farmer Sd/=

6 Md. Khalil Moral, Vill: Bhakhorerkandi, Shibchar, Madaripur. Business Sd/=

7 Md. Ahsan Habib, Vill: Bhakhorerkandi, Shibchar, Madaripur. Mechanic Sd/=

8 Abdul Baten Kamollah, Vill: Bhakhorerkandi, Shibchar, Madaripur. U.P.Chairman Sd/=

9 Azizuddin Liton, Vill: Bhakhorerkandi, Shibchar, Madaripur. Farmer Sd/=

10 Md. Yunus Bapery, Vill: Bhakhorerkandi, Shibchar, Madaripur. Farmer Sd/=

11 Abul Kalam, Vill: Bhakhorerkandi, Shibchar, Madaripur. Business Sd/=

12 Abdul Majid, Vill: Bhakhorerkandi, Shibchar, Madaripur. Farmer Sd/=

13 Md. Khabir Madbar, Vill: Bhakhorerkandi, Shibchar, Madaripur. Farmer Sd/=

14 Shamsuddin Khalifa, Vill: Bhakhorerkandi, Shibchar, Madaripur. Farmer Sd/=

15 Shamsuddin Akond, Vill: Bhakhorerkandi, Shibchar, Madaripur. Farmer Sd/=

16 Md. Jahirul Islam, Vill: Bhakhorerkandi, Shibchar, Madaripur. Farmer Sd/=

17 Quazi Mahbub Alam, Vill: Bhakhorerkandi, Shibchar, Madaripur. Farmer Sd/=

18 Md. Rokon Shekh, Vill: Bhakhorerkandi, Shibchar, Madaripur. Business Sd/=

19 Md. Bacchu Khalifa, Vill: Bhakhorerkandi, Shibchar, Madaripur. Farmer Sd/=

20 Nurunnahar Begum, Vill: Bhakhorerkandi, Shibchar, Madaripur. Service Sd/=

21 Islam Fakir, Vill: Bhakhorerkandi, Shibchar, Madaripur. Business Sd/=

P-1
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 Annex 10-7
List of Participants
Padma Multipurpose Bridge Design Project
Public Consultation (2nd)

Time and Date: 11:00 – 13:00 , 18/03/2010

Location: Madbarchar U.P: Vill: Bhakhorerkandi, Shibchar, Madaripur.

Sl. Name and Address Profession Signature

22 Habib Bapery, Vill: Bhakhorerkandi, Shibchar, Madaripur. Business Sd/=

23 Abdur Rob Munshi, Vill: Munshi Shikderkandi, Shibchar, Madaripur. Farmer Sd/=

24 Abdul Kutima, Vill: Munshi Shikderkandi, Shibchar, Madaripur. Farmer Sd/=

25 Md. Abdus Sobhan, Vill: Sarder Shikderkandi, Shibchar, Madaripur. Student Sd/=

26 Md. Motaleb Khalib, Vill: Bhakhorerkandi, Shibchar, Madaripur. Farmer Sd/=

27 Sumon Quazi, Vill: Bhakhorerkandi, Shibchar, Madaripur. Business Sd/=

28 Abdur Rob Miah, Vill: Bhakhorerkandi, Shibchar, Madaripur. Business Sd/=

29 Md. Majibor Fakir, Vill: Bhakhorerkandi, Shibchar, Madaripur. Farmer Sd/=

30 Delowar Khalifa, Vill: Bhakhorerkandi, Shibchar, Madaripur. Business Sd/=

31 Md. Mejbahuddin, Vill: Bhakhorerkandi, Shibchar, Madaripur. Business Sd/=

32 Abu Obaida Rumi, Vill: Bhakhorerkandi, Shibchar, Madaripur. Student Sd/=

33 Md. Khorshed, Vill: Bhakhorerkandi, Shibchar, Madaripur. Teacher Sd/=

34 Rob Miah Khalifa, Vill: Bhakhorerkandi, Shibchar, Madaripur. Business Sd/=

35 Shekh Shalim Ahmed, Vill: Bhakhorerkandi, Shibchar, Madaripur. Service Sd/=

36 Arshed Alam, Vill: Bhakhorerkandi, Shibchar, Madaripur. Farmer Sd/=

37 Abdur Razzaque, Vill: Bhakhorerkandi, Shibchar, Madaripur. Service Sd/=

38 Md. Moniruzzaman, Vill: Bhakhorerkandi, Shibchar, Madaripur. Service Sd/=

39 Davit A. Pande, Vill: Bhakhorerkandi, Shibchar, Madaripur. Service Sd/=

40 M. Azad, Vill: Bhakhorerkandi, Shibchar, Madaripur. Business Sd/=

41 K.M. Rezaul Karim, Vill: Bhakhorerkandi, Shibchar, Madaripur. Service

42 Md. Mejbahar, Vill: Bhakhorerkandi, Shibchar, Madaripur. Service

43 Md. Mosaraf Madbar, Vill: Bhakhorerkandi, Shibchar, Madaripur. Farmer

P-2
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 Annex 10-7
List of Participants
Padma Multipurpose Bridge Design Project
Public Consultation (2nd )

Time and Date: 11:00 – 13:00 , 18/03/2010

Location: Madbarchar U.P: Vill: Bhakhorerkandi, Shibchar, Madaripur.

Sl. Name and Address Profession Signature

44 Ripan Quazi, Vill: Bhakhorerkandi, Shibchar, Madaripur. Farmer Sd/=

45 Md. Mofizur Rahman, Vill: Bhakhorerkandi, Shibchar, Madaripur. Service Sd/=

46 Adward Dhali, Vill: Bhakhorerkandi, Shibchar, Madaripur. Service Sd/=

47 Sudin Adhikari, Vill: Bhakhorerkandi, Shibchar, Madaripur. Service Sd/=

48 Polash Roy, Vill: Bhakhorerkandi, Shibchar, Madaripur. Service Sd/=

49 Fatema Khatun, Vill: Bhakhorerkandi, Shibchar, Madaripur. Service Sd/=

50 Md. Khorshed Alam, Vill: Bhakhorerkandi, Shibchar, Madaripur. Service Sd/=

51 Md. Nurul Amin Miah, Vill: Bhakhorerkandi, Shibchar, Madaripur. Business Sd/=

52 Md. Ripon Howlader, Vill: Bhakhorerkandi, Shibchar, Madaripur. Business Sd/=

53 Md. Motaleb Howlader, Vill: Bhakhorerkandi, Shibchar, Madaripur. Farmer Sd/=

54 Abdul Khaleque Dewan, Vill: Kathalbari, Shibchar, Madaripur. Farmer Sd/=

55 Abdus Salam Madbar, Vill: Bhakhorerkandi, Shibchar, Madaripur. Farmer Sd/=

56 Delwar Hossain, Vill: Bhakhorerkandi, Shibchar, Madaripur. Farmer Sd/=

57 Chan Miah, Vill: Bhakhorerkandi, Shibchar, Madaripur. Farmer Sd/=

58 Ganihan, Vill: Bhakhorerkandi, Shibchar, Madaripur. Farmer Sd/=

59 Md. Quazi, Alauddin Quazi, Vill: Bhakhorerkandi, Shibchar, Farmer Sd/=

Madaripur.
60 Alauddin Quazi, Vill: Bhakhorerkandi, Shibchar, Madaripur. Farmer Sd/=

61 Renu, Alauddin Quazi, Vill: Bhakhorerkandi, Shibchar, Madaripur. Farmer Sd/=

62 Hazi Amjad Ali, Vill: Bhakhorerkandi, Shibchar, Madaripur. Farmer Sd/=

63 Md. Sayfur Rahman, Vill: Bhakhorerkandi, Shibchar, Madaripur. Business Sd/=

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List of Participants
Padma Multipurpose Bridge Design Project
Public Consultation (2nd )

Time and Date: 11:00 – 13:00 , 18/03/2010

Location: Madbarchar U.P: Vill: Bhakhorerkandi, Shibchar, Madaripur.

66 Md. Nurul Alam, Vill: Bhakhorerkandi, Shibchar, Madaripur. Business Sd/=

67 Abdul Latif, Vill: Bhakhorerkandi, Shibchar, Madaripur. Farmer Sd/=

68 Md. Abul Hashem, Vill: Bhakhorerkandi, Shibchar, Madaripur. Farmer Sd/=

69 Abul Hossain, Vill: Bhakhorerkandi, Shibchar, Madaripur. Farmer Sd/=

70 Md. Harun-or-Rashid, Vill: Bhakhorerkandi, Shibchar, Madaripur. Business Sd/=

71 Yunus, Vill: Bhakhorerkandi, Shibchar, Madaripur. Business Sd/=

72 Md. Roni, Vill: Bhakhorerkandi, Shibchar, Madaripur. Business Sd/=

73 Md. Mizanur Rahman, Vill: Bhakhorerkandi, Shibchar, Madaripur. Student Sd/=

74 Md. Jamiruddin, Vill: Balakandi, Shibchar, Madaripur. Farmer Sd/=

75 Monir Madbar, Vill: Hazikandi, Shibchar, Madaripur. Farmer Sd/=

76 Abdus Samad, Vill: Bhakhorerkandi, Shibchar, Madaripur. Business Sd/=

77 Md. Badsha Khalifa, Vill: Bhakhorerkandi, Shibchar, Madaripur. Farmer Sd/=

78 Md. Azhar, Vill: Bhakhorerkandi, Shibchar, Madaripur. Farmer Sd/=

P-4
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 Annex 10-7

List of Participants
Padma Multipurpose Bridge Design Project
2nd Public Consultation

Time and Date: 16:00 – 18:00 , 19/03/2010

Location: Magurkhanda Primary School, Kathalbarichar, Shibchar, Madaripur.

Sl. Name and Address Profession Signature

1 Md. Nowab Fakir, Vill: Kathalbarichar, Shibchar, Madaripur U.P. Member Sd/=

2 Abdur Rouf Miah, Vill: Magurkhanda, Shibchar, Madaripur Service Sd/=

3 Abdul Khaleque Miah, Vill: Magurkhanda, Shibchar, Madaripur Service Sd/=

4 Noor Islam Fakr, Vill: Magurkhanda, Shibchar, Madaripur Service Sd/=

5 Md. Malek Chowkider, Vill: Magurkhanda, Shibchar, Madaripur Business Sd/=

6 Monir, Vill: Magurkhanda, Shibchar, Madaripur Business Sd/=

7 Md. Chan Miah Howlader, Vill: Magurkhanda, Shibchar, Madaripur Farmer Sd/=

8 Abul Kashem Fakir, Vill: Magurkhanda, Shibchar, Madaripur Business Sd/=

9 Motaher Hossain Fakir, Vill: Kawlipara, Shibchar, Madaripur Farmer Sd/=

10 Md. Motaleb Howlader, Vill: Magurkhanda, Shibchar, Madaripur Farmer Sd/=

11 Sultan Bapery, Vill: Magurkhanda, Shibchar, Madaripur Farmer Sd/=

12 Md. Habibur Rahman Mridah, Vill: Magurkhanda, Shibchar, Farmer Sd/=

Madaripur
13 Md. Yunus Khan, Vill: Magurkhanda, Shibchar, Madaripur Business Sd/=

14 Abdul Haque Fakir, Vill: Magurkhanda, Shibchar, Madaripur Farmer Sd/=

15 Md, Yunus Fakir, Vill: Magurkhanda, Shibchar, Madaripur Farmer Sd/=

16 Md. Khabir Khan, Vill: Magurkhanda, Shibchar, Madaripur Farmer Sd/=

17 Md. Jahangir Fakir, Vill: Magurkhanda, Shibchar, Madaripur Business Sd/=

18 Md. Kashir Khan, Vill: Magurkhanda, Shibchar, Madaripur Farmer Sd/=

19 Md. Razzaque Fakir, Vill: Magurkhanda, Shibchar, Madaripur Farmer Sd/=

20 Abul Kalam, Vill: Magurkhanda, Shibchar, Madaripur Student Sd/=

21 Md. Serajul Islam, Vill: Magurkhanda, Shibchar, Madaripur Farmer Sd/=

P-1
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List of Participants
Padma Multipurpose Bridge Design Project
Public Consultation (2nd )

Time and Date: 16:00 – 18:00 , 19/03/2010

Location: Magurkhanda Primary School, Kathalbarichar, Shibchar, Madaripur.

Sl. Name and Address Profession Signature

22 Amirul Islam, Vill: Kawalipara Charchanda, Shibchar, Madaripur Teacher Sd/=

23 Moslem Mirza, Vill: Magurkhanda, Shibchar, Madaripur Farmer Sd/=

24 Alimuddin, Vill: Magurkhanda, Shibchar, Madaripur Farmer Sd/=

25 Abdul Hafiz Fakir, Vill: Magurkhanda, Shibchar, Madaripur Business Sd/=

26 Al-Amin, Vill: Magurkhanda, Shibchar, Madaripur Business Sd/=

27 Md. Atahar Hossain, Vill: Magurkhanda, Shibchar, Madaripur Business Sd/=

28 Md. Rustam Ali, Vill: Magurkhanda, Shibchar, Madaripur Business Sd/=

29 Md. Habibur Rahman, Vill: Magurkhanda, Shibchar, Madaripur Business Sd/=

30 Md. Monir, Vill: Magurkhanda, Shibchar, Madaripur Farmer Sd/=

31 Md. Shah Alam, Vill: Magurkhanda, Shibchar, Madaripur Farmer Sd/=

32 Md. Nazrul Islam, Vill: Magurkhanda, Shibchar, Madaripur Farmer Sd/=

33 Md. Mahbub Fakir, Vill: Magurkhanda, Shibchar, Madaripur Farmer Sd/=

34 Md. Joynal, Vill: Magurkhanda, Shibchar, Madaripur Farmer Sd/=

35 Md. Shohag, Vill: Magurkhanda, Shibchar, Madaripur Farmer Sd/=

36 Md. Wahid, Vill: Magurkhanda, Shibchar, Madaripur Farmer Sd/=

37 Al-Amin, Vill: Magurkhanda, Shibchar, Madaripur Farmer Sd/=

38 Toiab, Vill: Magurkhanda, Shibchar, Madaripur Farmer Sd/=

39 Rubel Miah, Vill: Magurkhanda, Shibchar, Madaripur Farmer Sd/=

40 Abdus Salam Fakir, Vill: Magurkhanda, Shibchar, Madaripur Farmer Sd/=

P-2
Padma Multipurpose Bridge Project
Safeguard Compliance Issues
6 June 2010
 Annex 10-8: Public Consultation News

Padma Multipurpose Bridge Design Project

Final Report (Environmental Action Plan)
Environmental Impact Assessment Report A10-8-9
June 7, 2010
Annex 10-8