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    Cellular Respiration Glycolysis

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    Reigne Cuevas
    Cellular respiration consists of three main stages: glycolysis, the citric acid cycle, and the electron transport chain. Glycolysis involves 10 enzyme-catalyzed reactions that convert glucose to pyruvate, producing a small amount of ATP through substrate-level phosphorylation. It requires two ATP to begin the process but generates two ATP, four NADH, and two pyruvate. The citric acid cycle then oxidizes pyruvate and the NADH/FADH2 produced in glycolysis to extract energy from carbohydrates, fats, and proteins, generating more ATP, NADH, and FADH2. Finally, the electron transport chain uses the NADH and FAD

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    Cellular Respiration Glycolysis

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    Reigne Cuevas
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    Cellular respiration consists of three main stages: glycolysis, the citric acid cycle, and the electron transport chain. Glycolysis involves 10 enzyme-catalyzed reactions that convert glucose to pyruvate, producing a small amount of ATP through substrate-level phosphorylation. It requires two ATP to begin the process but generates two ATP, four NADH, and two pyruvate. The citric acid cycle then oxidizes pyruvate and the NADH/FADH2 produced in glycolysis to extract energy from carbohydrates, fats, and proteins, generating more ATP, NADH, and FADH2. Finally, the electron transport chain uses the NADH and FAD

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    CELLULAR RESPIRATION PROCESS

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    Cellular-Respiration-Glycolysis

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    Cellular respiration consists of three main stages: glycolysis, the citric acid cycle, and the electron transport chain. Glycolysis involves 10 enzyme-catalyzed reactions that convert glucose to pyruvate, producing a small amount of ATP through substrate-level phosphorylation. It requires two ATP to begin the process but generates two ATP, four NADH, and two pyruvate. The citric acid cycle then oxidizes pyruvate and the NADH/FADH2 produced in glycolysis to extract energy from carbohydrates, fats, and proteins, generating more ATP, NADH, and FADH2. Finally, the electron transport chain uses the NADH and FAD

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    22 views1 page

    Cellular Respiration Glycolysis

    Uploaded by

    Reigne Cuevas
    Cellular respiration consists of three main stages: glycolysis, the citric acid cycle, and the electron transport chain. Glycolysis involves 10 enzyme-catalyzed reactions that convert glucose to pyruvate, producing a small amount of ATP through substrate-level phosphorylation. It requires two ATP to begin the process but generates two ATP, four NADH, and two pyruvate. The citric acid cycle then oxidizes pyruvate and the NADH/FADH2 produced in glycolysis to extract energy from carbohydrates, fats, and proteins, generating more ATP, NADH, and FADH2. Finally, the electron transport chain uses the NADH and FAD

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    of 1

    Cellular respiration consists of three main stages: Glycolysis (Energy Payoff Stage)

    • Glycolysis The glycolysis energy payoff stage involves two key


    • The citric acid cycle (Krebs cycle) reactions: converting 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate into
    • The electron transport chain (ETC) 3-phosphoglycerate and phosphoenolpyruvate into
    pyruvate, resulting in ATP and pyruvate, a crucial
    metabolite in cellular processes.
    The first Cell Respiration Phase/Stage

    • Glycolysis (Energy Investment Phase) Stage 6: Triose phosphate dehydrogenase


    TPD is an enzyme in glycolysis that converts
    Requires the input of two ATP molecules per glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate to 1,3-
    glucose molecule to get the process started. bisphosphoglycerate, generating NADH and
    preparing 1,3-BPG for glycolysis, particularly ATP
    production, by removing hydrogen atoms.
    Stage 1: Hexokinase
    Hexokinase is an enzyme that catalyzes the process
    of phosphorylating glucose during glycolysis, Stage 7: Phosphoglycerokinase
    transferring a phosphate group from ATP to Phosphoglycerokinase, also known as PGK, is an
    glucose, consuming one ATP molecule, resulting in enzyme in glycolysis that converts 1,3-
    glucose-6-phosphate. bisphosphoglycerate into 3-phosphoglycerate,
    adenosine triphosphate (ATP), and adenosine
    diphosphate, thereby generating energy.
    Stage 2: Phosphoglucoisomerase
    Glycolytic enzyme converts glucose-6-phosphate
    into fructose-6-phosphate, transforming its Stage 8: Phosphoglyceromutase
    molecular structure without ATP consumption or Phosphoglyceromutase is an enzyme in glycolysis
    generation, preparing glucose-6-phosphate for that converts 3-phosphoglycerate to 2-
    further processing. phosphoglycerate, preparing it for subsequent
    glycolysis reactions by moving the phosphate group
    within the molecule.
    Stage 3: Phosphofructokinase
    Phosphofructokinase (PFK) is a vital enzyme in
    glycolysis, responsible for the phosphorylation of Stage 9: Enolase
    fructose-6-phosphate to fructose-1,6- Enolase is a crucial enzyme in glycolysis, converting
    bisphosphate, a key intermediate in the process, 2-phosphoglycerate into phosphoenolpyruvate
    and regulates glycolysis rate based on cell energy (PEP), a high-energy product that is converted into
    needs. pyruvate, producing ATP.

    Stage 4: Aldolase Stage 10: Pyruvatekinase


    Aldolase is an enzyme involved in glycolysis, Pyruvate kinase is an enzyme in glycolysis that
    breaking down fructose-1,6-bisphosphate into two converts phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) into pyruvate,
    three-carbon molecules: G3P and DHAP, which are generating ATP and adenosine triphosphate (ATP),
    then isomerized to continue the glycolysis which can be used in other metabolic pathways.
    pathway.

    Stage 5: Isomerase
    Isomerases are enzymes that convert one isomer
    into another, such as in glycolysis. They convert
    DHAP into G3P, allowing both molecules to
    continue through the glycolysis pathway, despite
    different structural arrangements.

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