Name: Winni Jay P.

Tajanlangit Date: September 25, 2023

Section: BSIE 3-G Subject: Quality Management System

Assignment 1

1. Evolution of Quality Movement

The quality movement originated in medieval Europe, where craftsmen formed

guilds in the late 13th century to establish strict rules for product and service quality,
enforced by inspection committees who marked flawless goods with a special mark or
symbol.

 Craftsmanship

In the early 19th century, US manufacturing followed the European craftsmanship

model, with craftsmen having a personal stake in meeting customer quality. To avoid losing
customers, masters maintained quality control by inspecting goods before sale, as failure to
do so could lead to customer loss.

 The Factory System

The Industrial Revolution in Europe led to the factory system, which divided
craftsmen's trades into specialized tasks, resulting in craftsmen becoming factory workers and
shop owners becoming production supervisors. This led to a decline in employees'
empowerment and autonomy. Quality was ensured through laborers' skills, audits, and
inspections, with defective products either reworked or scrapped.

 The Taylor System

In the late 19th century, the United States adopted a new management approach by
Frederick W. Taylor, aiming to increase productivity without increasing skilled craftsmen.
This was achieved by assigning factory planning to specialized engineers and using craftsmen
and supervisors as inspectors and managers.

 QUALITY IN WORLD WAR II

During World War II, the US shifted its civilian economy to military production,
prioritizing quality and safety. The armed forces inspected every unit produced, ensuring
safety for operation. This practice required large inspection forces, causing challenges in
recruiting and retaining competent personnel. Unsafe military equipment was unacceptable.

 QUALITY IN THE EARLY 20TH CENTURY

 In the early 20th century, quality practices began to incorporate "processes" as a
group of activities that add value to input and produce output. Walter Shewhart focused on
controlling processes in the mid-1920s, making quality relevant for both the finished product
and the processes that created it.

 THE HISTORY OF TOTAL QUALITY IN AMERICA

The US introduced total quality in response to Japan's quality revolution after WWII,
where major manufacturers switched from military goods for internal use to civilian goods
for trade.

 Deming, Juran, and Japan

Japan adopted a "total quality" approach, focusing on improving organizational

processes through employees rather than product inspection. This led to higher-quality
exports at lower prices, benefiting consumers worldwide. Japanese manufacturers welcomed
input from American quality experts, W. Edwards Deming and Joseph M. Juran.

 The American Total Quality Management Response

Initially, US manufacturers believed Japanese success was price-related, responding

to competition by reducing domestic production costs and restricting imports, but this did not
enhance American quality competitiveness.

 BEYOND TOTAL QUALITY MANAGEMENT

The 21st century has seen the evolution of quality systems, building on the
foundations laid by Deming, Juran, and early Japanese practitioners.

2. History of Quality Movement

Quality control in the industry dates back to the Middle Ages, when training was
mandatory to instill pride in workers. The Industrial Revolution introduced the concept of
specialization of labor, resulting in a decline in workmanship. However, as products became
more complicated and jobs became specialized, quality control remained relatively
unaffected. As production became more complex, inspections became necessary after
manufacture, highlighting the need for continuous improvement in quality control in the
industry.

 In 1924

W. A. Shewhart's statistical chart marked the beginning of Statistical Quality Control

(SQC), later developed by Dodge and Roming, but U.S. managers failed to recognize its
value.

 In 1946

The American Society for Quality (ASQ), established in 1909, promotes quality in
all aspects of production and service through publications, conferences, and training sessions.
  In 1950

W.Edwards Deming and Joseph M. Juran, influenced by Shewhart and Deming,

taught Japanese engineers and CEOs statistical quality control, setting global quality
standards.

 In 1960

Japanese workers learned and applied simple statistical techniques such as Process
Chart, Check Sheet, Histogram, Pareto Chart, Scatter Chart, Fishbone diagram, and Control
Charts for quality improvement.

 In Late 1970 and early 1980

U.S. managers frequently visited Japan to learn about the Japanese miracle, leading
to a quality renaissance in U.S. products and services by mid-1980.

 In Late 1980

The automotive industry, other industries, and the Department of Defence

implemented Statistical Process Control (SPC), with the Malcolm Baldrige National Quality
Award serving as a measure of TQM.

 In 1990

In the 1990s, the auto industry prioritized quality, with Saturn achieving top
customer satisfaction, ISO 9000 becoming the worldwide quality management system, ISO
14000 for environmental management, and 6Sigma introduced in Motorola.

3. Leaders or Personalities of the Quality Movement

William Edward Deming (1900 – 1993)

American engineer, statistician, professor, author,

lecturer, and management consultant, known as the
leading management thinker in quality, played a crucial
role in Japan's recovery after WWII. He developed the
first philosophy allowing individuals and organizations
to plan and improve themselves, relationships,
processes, products, and services. His philosophy
emphasizes cooperation, continual improvement, and
redefining mistakes as opportunities for improvement.
Joseph M. Juran (1904 – 2008)

Joseph Moses Juran, a Romanian-born American

engineer, management consultant, and author, is
considered the father of quality management techniques.
He revolutionized Japanese philosophy on quality
management and shaped their economy into an
industrial leader. Juran introduced the human aspect of
Total Quality Management and wrote the Quality
Control Handbook.

Walter Andrew Shewhart (1891 – 1967)

American businessman and author, known for

promoting "zero defects" and defining quality as
conformance to requirements, significantly influenced
management theory and quality practices. He also wrote
"Quality is Free," demonstrating the global influence of
his ideas.
References

American Society for Quality. (2023). Retrieved from September 22, 2023 asq.org:
https://asq.org/quality-resources/history-of-quality

CliffsNotes. (20 September 22, 202323). Retrieved from September 22, 2023
cliffsnotes.com/study-guides: https://www.cliffsnotes.com/study-guides/principles-of-
management/productivity-and-total-quality-management/major-contributors-to-tqm

Quality Gurus. (n.d.). Retrieved from September 22, 2023 Quality Gurus Inc.:
https://www.qualitygurus.com/9-quality-gurus-and-their-contributions/

shakehandwithlife.in. (2020, 1 24). Retrieved from September 22, 2023

http://www.shakehandwithlife.in/:
http://www.shakehandwithlife.in/categories/resource-centre/total-quality-
management/history-of-quality-movement