Jose P.

Laurel - JPLN01A

The Historical Context of Dr. Jose P. Laurel’s Victoria St. in Intramuros was evacuated
Time
Japanese did not respect Manila as an open
The Japanese Occupation city; they bombed the city. Sto. Domingo
Church was destroyed; so were the old
The ten-year preparatory period, known as Intendencia Building, now the Central Bank,
the Commonwealth regime, was rudely San Juan de Letran, Sta. Catalina College, and
interrupted when the Japanese, looking for the offices of the Philippines Herald,
territories to accommodate not only their Mabuhay, Debate, and Monday Mail.
excess population, but also their
manufactured goods, started the war in the o December 8, 1941: Batan Island
Pacific. o December 10: Aparri and Pandan,
near Vigan; Legazpi
The United States declared war against Japan o December 20: Davao and Jolo
and the war in the Pacific was formally on. As o December 22: Central Luzon
a consequence of this war, the Philippines o January 2, 1942: Manila from
was occupied by the Japanese. For three North to South
years, the Filipinos suffered the rigors of war.
General MacArthur, on orders of President
 Japan was a fast rising power in the Roosevelt, left Corregidor for Australia on
Pacific March 11, 1942. He was succeeded of the
 Japan was expanding in surrounding USAFFE by General Jonathan Wainwright.
areas : Pres. Quezon had earlier left Australia
1. Manchuria was occupied in 1932
2. Northern part of French Indo-China was The surrendered Filipino-American troops
occupied in 1940. were forced at gunpoint to March from
 July 26, 1941: Philippine reserve and Bataan to San Fernando, Pampanga. So
regular forces were incorporated into inhuman was the forced march that the event
the US Army under General MacArthur has been called “Death March”
1. United States Army Forces in the Far East
(USAFFE) In the morning May 6, General Wainwright
addressed a message to General Homma,
The general offensive plan of the Japanese through the “Voice of Freedom”, offering to
was to strike immediately at the rich Dutch surrender. The fall of the Philippines, at
and British possessions in Southeast Asia. To least officially, was now complete.
do this, the Japanese naval and air forces had
to destroy the American Pacific fleet at Pearl
Harbor in order to neutralize it, and then
attack Philippines in order to cut America’s
lines of communication in the Pacific.

Four hours after the attack on Pearl

Harbor, they bombed:
o Clark Field, December 8, 1941
o Davao, Baguio, Aparri
o Nichols Field
o Manila proper and port area, last
days of December
o Manila as an open city, declared by
General MacArthur in December 26,
1941

o MacArthur’s headquarters at No.1

 Jose P. Laurel - JPLN01A

Reorganization of the Government business

On January 3, 1942, a day after Manila o The Japanese unwittingly

became an occupied city, the Commanderin- encouraged this kind of business by
Chief of the Japanese Imperial Forces, manufacturing what the Filipinos
General Masaharu Homma, issued a called “Mickey Mouse” money. The
proclamation announcing the end of the result was inflation.
American occupation and the purpose of the
Japanese expedition. Educational Re-Orientation

The Japanese educational policy was

embodied in the Military Order No. 2, dated
The avowed purpose was to “emancipate February 27, 1942.
you [the Filipinos] from the oppressive
domination of the USA, letting you establish Basic points:
“the Philippines for Filipinos” as a member o Propagation of Filipino culture
of the Co-Prosperity Sphere in the Greater o Dissemination of the principle of Greater
East Asia and making you enjoy your own East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere
prosperity and culture.” o Spiritual rejuvenation of the Filipinos
o Teaching and propagation of Nippongo
o Diffusion of vocational and elementary
education
o Promotion of love of labor

Priority:

o Reopening of elementary schools;

teachers and students’ pledge on the
new educational policy
o Re-opening of vocational schools;
Jose B. Vargas - On January 23, Homma institutions of higher learning giving
issued an order to Vargas making him the courses on agriculture, medicine,
Chairman of the Executive Commission. fisheries, and engineering

Economic Conditions *Enrollment: 267, 977

The economic activities during the Dr. Jose P. Laurel

occupation were necessarily limited.
Industry, commerce, and trade suffered
a setback.

o Agriculture languished; haciendas

remained idle for a time
o Japanese planters came and planted
cotton
o Rice production sank; limited
quantities produced were taken by
the Japanese military to feed their
men
o Lowly farmers looked down upon by
the bourgeoisie and the absentee
landlords, rose into importance
o Due to lack of production, people
engaged in the buy-and-sell
 Jose P. Laurel - JPLN01A

President Jose P. Laurel added the o June 20: KALIBAPI promptly announced the
fundamental principle of militant nationalism. composition of the body, organized
It was Laurel’s belief that the Filipinos could by Jose P. Laurel as president and Benigno S.
stave off spiritual debacle only by resorting to Aquino and Ramon Avanceña as
nationalism as a way of life. vice-presidents.
He encouraged the propagation of Tagalog as o The Commission then prepared the draft of
the national language by using it as an official the proposed constitution, ratified by
language. Educational reforms were a “popular” convention
instituted by requiring teachers to obtain
licenses after undergoing a rigid examination. On September 25, the National Assembly
elected Jose P. Laurel of the future Republic.
Laurel required that majority of the governing The Declaration of Independence was read,
board of any school, college, or university be the Republic inaugurated, and President
Filipino citizens. All these were directed at the Laurel inducted into office, October 14, 1943.
implementation of the nationalist credo.
Dr. Jose P. Laurel
For the first time in Philippine history, the
aliens were barred from teaching the Filipinos Laurel, concluding his inaugural address:
their own history, a history that had been “I am sure our people will rise as one to meet
hitherto interpreted according to alien points- the challenge… We shall encounter difficulties
of-view. greater than any we have ever faced in our
national history. We shall have to adapt
The Republic ourselves to the strange stimuli of a new
environment and undergo the travails of
On January 21, 1942, Premier Hideki Tozyo, in constant adjustment and readjustment. God
an address before the Japanese Imperial Diet, helping us, we shall march with steady,
said: “Japan will gladly grant the Philippines resolute steps forward, without doubt,
its vacillation or fear. There shall be no tarrying
independence so long as it cooperates and on the way, no desertion from the ranks, so
recognizes Japan’s program of establishing stragglers left
Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere.” behind. Together we shall work, work hard,
work still harder, work with all our might, and
o January 30, 1943: Jorge B. Vargas work as we have never worked before."
pledged support of the Filipinos in the
attainment of the independence “…Every drop, every trickle of individual effort
o February 8, a rigged demonstration of shall be grooved into a single channel of
gratitude to Japan for the promise of common endeavor until they grow into a
early independence was held in Manila flowing stream, a rushing cataract, a
roaring torrent, a raging flood, hurdling all
Premier Tozyo, May 6: difficulties and demolishing all barriers in the
way of our single purpose and common
Japan would help the Filipinos determination to make our independence
“emerge from the chaos and turmoil of stable, lasting and real.”
the past regime into the glorious
national existence of the new.

o June 18: the KALIBAPI (Kapisanan sa

Paglilingkod sa Bagong Pilipinas) was
instructed to form the Preparatory
Commission for the Philippine Independence.
 Jose P. Laurel - JPLN01A

Laurel Legacy : Legislative Other Rizal Law

Republic Act 1425 (Rizal Law) Republic Act No. 229

Laurel’s Legacy: Legislative
❑An act prohibiting cockfighting, horse
Republic Act 1425 (Rizal Law) racing, and jai-alai on the 30th of
December each year.
“An Act to Include in the Curricula of All ❑To create a committee to take charge of the
Public and Private Schools, Colleges and proper celebration of Rizal Day in
Universities Courses on the Life, Works, and every municipality and chartered city, and for
Writings of Jose Rizal, Particularly His Novels any other purposes.
Noli Me Tangere and El Filibusterismo,
Authorizing the Printing and Distribution What are the significance of studying Rizal?
Thereof, and for Other Purposes.”
❑ The subject provides insight into how to
Republic Act 1425 (Rizal Law) deal with current problems
❑ It helps us understand better ourselves as
❑ Proponent: Claro M. Recto Filipinos
❑ Co-Author: Jose P. Laurel ❑ It teaches nationalism and patriotism
❑ The mandatory Rizal subject, later became ❑ It provides various essential life lessons
a law in 1956 ❑ It helps developing logical and critical
thinking
Republic Act 1425 (Rizal Law) ❑ Rizal can serve as a worthwhile model and
inspiration to every Filipino
❑ Opposition ❑ The subject is a rich source of entertaining
(1) Schools as nationalized narratives
(2) Church
❑ The bill was passed but with an exemption Laurel-Langley Act
❑ The bill was enacted on June 12,1956

Republic Act 1425 (Rizal Law)

Goals:

(1) To rededicate the lives of youth to the The Revised Agreement removes the
ideals of freedom and nationalism, for objectionable infringements on Philippine
which our heroes lived and died economic sovereignty imposed by the 1946
Trade Agreement. While such changes are
(2) To pay tribute to our national hero for highly desirable, they will not have significant
devoting his life and works in shaping the economic consequences, the Philippines
Filipino character; and achieved a substantial degree of economic
sovereignty in spite of the 1946 Trade
(3) To gain an inspiring source of patriotism Agreement.
through the study of Rizal’s life, works,
and writings. Two major economic changes should result
from the Revised Trade Agreement:

(1) Will be the ultimate shift in Philippine

imports from the United States to other
sources of supply. Moreover, the shift in the
pattern of Philippine import trade should
ultimately induce a similar shift in the
geographic composition of
Philippine exports.
 Jose P. Laurel - JPLN01A

(2) The collection on tariffs on imports fron1 Miguel Dela Cruz Laurel
the United States together with the radical ❑ Asawa: Tomasa Pimentel
increases in Philippine tariff rates should ❑ Mga anak:
produce a substantial increase in Philippine 1. Anselma
government revenues. 2. Telesforo
3. Jose
4. Mariano
5. Teodoro
6. Maximino
7. Florentino
8. Georgia

Mariano
❑ Asawa: Gaspara Remoquillo
❑ Mga anak:
1. Leocadio
3. Sotero
2. Marcela
4. Ruperto

Sotero
❑ Asawa: Jacoba Garcia:
❑ Mga anak:
1. Maria Paz
2. Jose Paciano (JPL)
3. Rosario
4. Nieves
5. Alberto

Jose P. Laurel
❑ Asawa: Paciencia Hidalgo:
❑ Mga anak:
1. Jose Bayani
2. Jose III
3. Natividad
Unang Bahagi 4. Sotero
Talambuhay ni Dr. Jose P. Laurel 5. Mariano
6. Rosenda
Ang pinagmulan ng angkan ng Laurel 7. Potenciana
8. Salvador
Gat Masungit 9. Arsenio
❑ pinakamatandang anak ng Sultan ng
Brunei. Sotero
❑ tinatag ang bayan ng Batan sa Panay (15th ❑ Asawa: Lorna Cobb Perez
century) ❑ Mga anak:
❑ Nick Joaquin 1. Angelica
❑ Nanirahan siya sa Tanauan, Batangas 2. Roberto
(dating Batangan) 3. Carlos
❑ Anak: Gat Leynes 4. Regina
❑ Anak: Miguel dela Cruz 5. Peter
6. Ricardo
7. Sarah
8. Luis Marcos
 Jose P. Laurel - JPLN01A

9. Ana Maria

Ang Kabataan ni Jose P. Laurel

Jose Paciano Laurel

❑ Tanauan, Batangas
❑ March 09, 1891
❑ “Jose”- San Jose
❑ “Paciano”- Rizal’s older brother

Ang Pag-aaral ni Jose P. Laurel sa Maynila

❑ San Juan de Letran
❑ Manila South High School, Intramuros, Ang Pag-aaral sa Ibang Bansa at Ang
1911 Pagbabalik sa Pilipinas Ni Jose P. Laurel
❑ La Regeneracion High School sa Trozo,
Binondo. Estados Unidos
❑ Secondary course in Spanish ❑ Pensionados, pinangasiwaan ng Direktor
❑ Clerk: Bureau of Forestry ng Edukasyon
❑Abogasya: University of the Philippines ❑ Yale: Post Graduate Work on Law
College of Law ❑ Doctor on Civil Laws
❑ Escuela de Derecho: Law ❑ 1920
❑ Masterado sa Constitutional Law ❑ Tinanggap sa:
❑ Thesis: "What Lessons May be Derived by ❑ Hukuman ng Apela (Court of Appeals)
the Philippine Islands from the Legal History ❑ Korte Suprema ng Distrito ng Columbia
of Louisiana" ❑ Korte Suprema ng Estados Unidos

❑ Academic distinction in 1915 Europe

❑ Top 2, Bar Examination ❑ Special lectures
❑ Naatasan bilang Code Committee ❑ Unibersidad ng Sorbornne sa Paris
❑ Nailipat sa Malacanang Executive Bureau ❑ Unibersidad ng Oxford sa England
❑ Rekomendasiyon, Justice Smith
❑ 1919: Head: Executive Bureau's Pilipinas
Miscellaneous Division
❑ Escuela de Derecho: Doctor of ❑ Disyembre 30, 1920
Jurisprudence Degree ❑ Nanungkulan bilang Hepe ng Dibisyon ng
❑ Pensionados, sa pamahalaan ng Yale Law Batas ng
School. Kawanihang Ehekutibo
❑ Enero 1, 1921: Punong Klerk ng
Kawanihang Ehekutibo
❑ Undersecretary ng Departamento ng
Interyor
❑ Sekretaryo ng Interyor ni Gobernador
Heneral Leonard Wood
 Jose P. Laurel - JPLN01A

❑ rekomendasyon ni Teodoro M. Kalaw ❑ Hunyo 5,1943: pataksil siyang binaril

habang naglalaro ng golf
Ang Pag-alis at Pagbalik ni Jose P. Laurel sa sa Wack Wack Country Club
Paglilingkod sa Bayan
Pagbubuo ng Saligang Batas
❑ Nagbitiw: Kalihim ng Departamento ng
Interyor ❑ Pagbubuo ng komisyon sa paghahanda sa
❑ Nagtayo siya ng sariling bupete (law firm) Kalayaan ng
❑ Vicente del Rosario at Guillermo Lualhati. Pilipinas
❑ Nagturo sya sa Kolehiyo ng Batas sa ❑ Setyembre 7, 1943: pagharap ng Saligang
Unibersidad ng Pilipinas. Batas sa isang
❑ Nagsulat siya ng mga aklat na may popular na kumbensyon
kinalaman sa batas. ❑ Setyembre 25, 1943: Pambansang
❑ 1926: Kasong naipanalo (Seguro, Asemblea
insurance) ❑ Speaker: Aquino
❑ President: Laurel
Mga aklat na isinulat ni JPL: ❑ Setyember 30, Japan
1. Philippine Administrative Law and Practice ❑ Tojo kay Laurel: digmaan labas sa Estados
(1931) Unidos
2. Election Law and Practice (1928) ❑ Setyembre 1944: China (Nanking), Siam,
3. Local Government of the Philippines (1926) (Bose) probisyonal na pamahalaan ng India:
4. Constitutional Law (1935) digmaan laban sa EU at England

❑ Kandidatura: Senador (5th district) ❑ Setyembre 21, 1944

❑ Bilang senador: ❑ Laurel - nagdeklara ng estado ng digmaan
❑ Rebisyon: Kodigo Sibil ng Pilipinas ❑ Laurel – nagpahayag ng Batas Militar
❑ 1928: Women’s suffrage
❑ Tax on religious organization ❑ Agosto 17, 1945
❑ 1931: Pagkatalo sa re-eleksiyon kay Claro ❑ Pinawalang bisa niya ang kaniyang
M. Recto pamahalaan

Amerika sa Pilipinas Si Jose P. Laurel pagkatapos ng Digmaan

❑ Republican Party, Democratic Party
❑ November 1932: ❑ Punong Himpilan ni Douglas Mac Arthur
(Supreme Commander ng Allied Forces sa
Asia-Pacific)
❑ Vargas, Aquino, Laurel

Pagkakadakip kay Laurel

❑ Lt. Col. Turner: inaresto sina Laurel
❑ Nobyembre 16: Dinala si Laurel sa piitan sa
Yokohama
❑ 2-10 buwang pagkakakulong
Si Jose P. Laurel at ang Digmaan
Laurel sa panahon ng pagkakakulong
❑ PRO DEO et PATRIA (Para sa diyos at sa
❑ Disyembre 17,1941: Sekretaryo ng
bayan)
Katarungan
❑ Hunyo 23, 1946: lumisan mula Japan
❑ Disyembre 23,1941: Punong Mahistrado
❑ Enero 2, 1942: pagdating ng mga Hapones
July 4, 1946
❑ Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere
❑ Philippine Independence
❑ Disyembre 1942: itinatag ang KALIBAPI
❑ Manuel Roxas
(Kapisanan ng
Paglilingkod sa Bagong Pilipinas)
 Jose P. Laurel - JPLN01A

Laurel sa panahon ng pagkakakulong

❑ Bilibid prison, Muntinlupa
❑ Isinakdal ng may bilang na 129 treason
(pagtataksil sa bayan)

❑ Setyembre 2, 1946: unang humarap sa

hukuman si Laurel upang pangatwiranan ang
pansamantalang paglaya sa pamamagitan ng
pagpipiyansa.
❑ Nagkaroon pa ng dalawang paglilitis,
Oktubre 20, 1947 at Enero 20, 1948
❑ Enero 28, 1948 nilagdaan ni Pangulo Roxas
ang Proklamasyon bilang 51, matapos ito
mapagtibay ay na-dismiss ang kaso ni Laurel.

❑ Elpidio Quirino, humalili bilang pangulo

matapos bawian ng buhay si Manuel Roxas
❑ Tinuligsa ni Laurel si Quirino
❑ Quirino at ang pangalawang-pangulo niya
na si Fernando Lopez; si Laurel at Manuel
Briones (Pangalawang Pangulo)
❑ Setyembre 1951: Kampanya bilang senador
❑ Tema: Asya ay para sa mga Asyano
❑ Nanalo laban kay Gil Puyat Jr.
❑ Pagkapanalo bilang pangulo ni Magsaysay
laban kay Quirino

❑ 1954: Magsaysay kay Laurel: suriin ang

Trade Agreement ng 1946; matapos nito:
❑ Laurel-Langley Agreement
❑ Disyembre 15, 1954: Nilagdaan at
napagtibay ng dalawang bansa ang Philippine-
United States Trade Actof 1946
Repormang Pang-Edukasyon
❑ RA 1425: Rizal Law

❑ Sa kanyang kaaarawan noong Marso 9,

1959 sa kanyang ikaanimnapu’t walo ay
pinagkalooban siya ni Pangulong Carlos P.
Garcia ng Philippine Legion of Honor na may
degree ng Chief of Commander.
❑ Hunyo 15, 1950: ay inanyayahan niya ang
ilan sa mga kaibigan ang pagtatatag ng
unibersidad na Lyceum of the Philippines, at
napagpasyahan na itatag ito sa Intramuros
❑ Nobyembre 5, 1959: habang pauwi sa
tahanan nila sa Mandaluyong ay dumaing siya
ng sakit at pagkahilo at sinugod sa Ospital ng
Lourdes sa Mandaluyong.
❑ Sampung oras siyang nag-agaw buhay at
bandang 1:00 ng umaga, Nobyembre 6, 1959
ay binawian siya ng buhay.