In conclusion, the indigenous and local governance systems in Ethiopia, such as Oromo Gadda,
Gedeo Baalle, and Derewoga of the Gamo, have played a crucial role in promoting peace
andresolving conflicts within their respective communities. These systems are deeply rooted in
the cultural traditions and practices of the Ethiopian population and have provided a platform
for community members to come together, discuss issues, and reach consensus on various
matters.
The Gada system is an indigenous institution that pervades every aspect of an Oromo life including
personal, interpersonal, social, economic and political life. The Oromo concept of peace is comprehensive
and broader than western conception of absence of violence. we argue that Baalle is a complex
indigenous governance system of Gedeo’s social structure that influenced their economic, social,
political and spiritual life. the practices of sustainable economy that combined forestry with agriculture,
and the presence of dense population, we argue that the Gedeo qualify for being a state.
The involvement of elders and community leaders, who possess extensive knowledge and
understanding of customary laws and practices, has ensured fairness and justice in conflict resolution
processes. These systems have helped maintain social cohesion and harmony within communities by
upholding traditional values and norms.
However, challenges such as the lack of legal recognition and support from the government, gender
imbalances, and the impact of urbanization pose threats to the effectiveness of these systems. Efforts
should be made to address these challenges and strengthen indigenous and local governance systems.
This can be achieved through legal reforms that recognize the importance of customary laws and
practices, promote gender equality and women's participation in decision-making processes, and find
ways to integrate traditional practices with formal governance structures.
By recognizing and supporting indigenous and local governance systems like Oromo Gadda, Gedeo
Baalle, and Derewoga of the Gamo, Ethiopia can tap into their potential to maintain peace, foster social
cohesion, and promote sustainable development within these communities. These systems are valuable
resources that should be preserved and celebrated for their ability to uphold cultural traditions while
promoting peace and justice.
Conflict is any disagreement between two or more people and groups. Whenever two or more people have different
interests, values, goals, and understanding conflict arises. It may be in a person, within people, within groups, or
within organizations
Conflict has many causes, including organizational structures, limitations on resources, task interdependence, goal
incompatibility, personality differences, and communication challenges.there are also types of conflict which
includes ;-
Intrapersonal – this is when a person experiences inner turmoil, such as disagreeing with the values of
the company or being a perfectionist.
Interpersonal – this is conflict between two or more individuals; it may be an isolated incident or an
ongoing issue.for example;- the conflict between a marketing department and a finance department over funding
for a new product can be classified as an intergroup conflict. On the other hand, the conflict between two members of
the marketing department regarding the features of a new product is an example of intragroup conflict.
