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Annotated Bibliography

Christian Denffer A. Galan

Cebu Doctors’ University

GE ELECT 102: The Entrepreneurial Mind

Sir Noel G. Mabala

June 20, 2023

Annotated Bibliography

Coke, L. A. (2019). Integrating Entrepreneurial Skills Into Clinical Nurse Specialist

Education: The Need for Improved Marketing, Negotiation, and Conflict Resolution

Skills. Clinical Nurse Specialist CNS, 33(3), 146–148.

https://doi.org/10.1097/NUR.0000000000000440

Coke, is an Associate Professor and Acting Dean and Director of Wesorick Center

for Health Care Transformation at the Grand Valley State University in Michigan.

The article delves on the importance of entrepreneurial skills for Clinical Nurse

Specialists (CNS) as they are unequipped and unprepared for situations that

involve these entrepreneurial skills as their role has too many roles to work for. New

CNS graduates have difficulty with both the role ambiguity of a CNS and their work

is mostly not related to their outlined work. Coke’s focal point is that the nursing

program should improve the curriculum and develop the graduate’s cognitive,

interpersonal, business, and strategic skills, similarly to an entrepreneur’s mindset

and integrating them into clinical practice and experience. These skills are important

to have for a CNS in order to navigate through the ever-changing modern healthcare

environment, remove the role ambiguity within the system, and develop, broaden, and

create new roles for the CNS outside the healthcare environment.

The article will be useful in helping the reader understand what are the skills needed

in both an entrepreneur and a medical professional, and how they help in the medical

scene in terms of negotiating, marketing, business, communication and interpersonal

skills.
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Mogul, A., Laughlin, E., & Lynch, S. (2020). A Co-Curricular Activity to Introduce

Pharmacy Students to the Concepts of Innovation and Entrepreneurship. American

Journal of Pharmaceutical Education, 84(8), ajpe7805.

https://doi.org/10.5688/ajpe7805

Mogul, Laughlin, and Lynch are Clinical Pharmacists and Professors at the

Binghamton University, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, in

Johnson City, New York.

The scholarly article explores the development, implementation, and effects of

having new concepts of innovation and entrepreneurship integrated into the

curriculum of PharmaD students. The activity was of creating a new clinical service

that solves problems related to pharmaceutical experiences with each assigned groups

of PharmaD students performing the task. The students will then try to pitch

their project to the panelists as they were tallied according to the rubrics. Mogul et

al.’s center focus is on the effects of this activity towards the students and results

showed that the students understood after the activity, the significance of

entrepreneurship in their pharmaceutical practice and how it gave them a better

clarification of a pharmacist’s role in clinical service development. The authors

believe that co-curricular activities that help medical students “think outside the box”

are beneficial for the future and provide excellent opportunities for the students

themselves.

This article will prove useful to readers that are looking for new ideas on how to

implement activities that are engaging while being educational, especially on the

topics of entrepreneurship.
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Lomakina, N. F. (2020). [Development of entrepreneurship in the field of medical care based

on the franchising model]. Problemy Sotsial’noi Gigieny, Zdravookhraneniia i Istorii

Meditsiny, 28(Special Issue), 766–772. https://doi.org/10.32687/0869-866X-2020-28-

s1-766-772

Lomakina is a Economics Professor at the Academy of Labor and Social Relations in

Moscow, Russia.

The article centers around the many issues of health care centers in Russia in regards

to franchising and marketing, which is relevant to the development of

entrepreneurship in the medical field. In the current economic environment of the

Russian Federation, there are a lot of potential franchisors in the medical services

scene, but are exceeding the amount of franchisees in the country, which makes it

difficult to create a stable economic sector for medical services. Lomakina’s main

point of this article is that there is great potential growth for the medical service sector

under the franchising model. With the franchising model, it is possible to predict a

change in the service culture in the business environment and the output of domestic

companies to international markets. Infrastructure support also plays an important role

in the development of medical franchising: Internet resources, training technologies,

platforms for exchanging information, experience and tools for promoting the

network of franchising enterprises.

This article will serve readers well with knowledge on the benefits of applying the

franchising model to their business, especially under the medical service area.