I.

Learn the pronunciation of the underlined words and be ready to explain

their meaning:
Floods: (noun) A large amount of water overflowing from its normal confines,
often due to heavy rainfall or a natural disaster. Велика кількість води, що
вийшла зі своїх звичайних меж, часто через сильні дощі або стихійне лихо.
Transcription: /flʌdz/
э ладж эˈмaунт ов ˈуотэр ˌоувэˈфлоуынь фром ытс ˈномл ˈконфайнз, ˈофн дью
ту ˈхеви ˈрейнфол ор э ˈнэчрл дыˈзастэ

Perpendicular: (adjective) At an angle of 90 degrees to a given line or surface;

upright or vertical. Перпендикулярний: (прикметник) Під кутом 90 градусів до
певної лінії або поверхні; вертикальний або прямий.
Transcription: /ˌpɜːr.pənˈdɪk.jʊ.lər/
эт эн ˈэньгл ов 90 дыˈгриз ту э ˈгывн лайн о ˈсёфыс; ˈапрайт о ˈвётыкл.

Opalescence: (noun) The quality of exhibiting a play of colors like that of an opal,
often characterized by a milky or iridescent appearance.
зэ ˈкуолэти ов ыгˈзыбытынь э плей ов ˈкалэз лайк зэт ов эн ˈоупл, ˈофн ˈкэры
ктэрайзд бай э ˈмылки ор ˌырыˈдеснт эˈпыэрнс.
Опалесценція: (іменник) Властивість демонструвати гру
кольорів, подібну до опалу, що часто характеризується
молочним або райдужним виглядом.

Transcription: /ˌoʊ.pəˈlɛsəns/

Diarrhoea: (noun) A medical condition characterized by frequent, loose, and

watery bowel movements. Медичний стан, що характеризується частими,
рідкими та водянистими випорожненнями.
Transcription: /daɪəˈriːə/
дайэˈриэ: (нaун) э ˈмедыкл кэн
ˈдышн ˈкэрыктэрайзд бай ˈфрикунт, лус, энд ˈуотэри ˈбaуэл ˈмувмэнтс.
Filthily: (adverb) In a manner that is extremely dirty, unclean, or morally offensive.
Transcription: /ˈfɪlθɪli/
фылсыли: (ˈэдвёб) ын э ˈмэнэ зэт ыз ыкˈстримли ˈдёти, анˈклин, о ˈморэли э
ˈфенсыв.

Брудно: (прислівник) Надзвичайно брудно, нечисто або морально образливо.

Myriad: (noun/adjective) A countless or extremely great number of people or

things; numerous.

Transcription (noun): /ˈmɪr.i.əd/

Transcription (adjective): /ˈmɪr.i.əd/
Vagrant: (noun/adjective) A person without a settled home or regular work who
wanders from place to place; wandering or moving aimlessly without a fixed
destination.

Transcription (noun): /ˈveɪɡrənt/

Transcription (adjective): /ˈveɪɡrənt/
Triumphant: (adjective) Having achieved victory or success; victorious or jubilant.

Transcription: /traɪˈʌmfənt/
Diameter: (noun) A straight line passing from one side of a circle or sphere to the
opposite side, through its center.

Transcription: /daɪˈæm.ɪ.tər/
Taboo: (noun/adjective) A social or cultural prohibition or restriction; considered
sacred or prohibited by a particular group or society.

Transcription (noun): /təˈbuː/

Transcription (adjective): /təˈbuː/
Involuntarily: (adverb) Without conscious control; done or occurring without
choice or intention.

Transcription: /ɪnˌvɒl.ənˈtɛrəli/
Irked: (verb) Annoyed or irritated.

Transcription: /ɜːrkt/
Balm: (noun) A soothing and healing substance or ointment, often used
metaphorically to refer to something comforting or relieving.

Transcription: /bɑːm/
Spear: (noun) A long, pointed weapon typically used for hunting or warfare, with a
shaft and a sharp tip.

Transcription: /spɪr/
Squealed: (verb) Made a high-pitched, shrill sound or cry, often of excitement,
fear, or pain.

Transcription: /skwiːld/
Horizon: (noun) The line at which the Earth's surface and the sky appear to meet;
the limit of a person's mental perception or experience.

Transcription: /həˈraɪzən/
Exhilaration: (noun) A feeling of great joy, excitement, or liveliness.

Transcription: /ɪɡˌzɪl.əˈreɪʃən/
Vicious: (adjective) Deliberately cruel or violent; marked by a savage or aggressive
nature.

Transcription: /ˈvɪʃəs/
Opaque: (adjective) Not transparent; not allowing light to pass through; difficult to
understand or interpret.

Transcription: /oʊˈpeɪk/
Assembly: (noun) A group of people gathered together for a common purpose or
activity; the action of gathering together.

Transcription: /əˈsɛmbli/
Wearisomeness: (noun) The quality or state of being wearisome, meaning
something that is tiresome, dull, or tedious.

Transcription: /ˈwɪrɪsəmnəs/
Apex: (noun) The highest point or pinnacle of something; the top or summit.

Transcription: /ˈeɪ.pɛks/
Reverence: (noun) Deep respect or admiration for someone or something, often
with a sense of awe or veneration.

Transcription: /ˈrɛvərəns
Floods-

Perpendicular-

Opalescence-

Diarrhoea-

Filthily-

Myriad-

Vagrant-

Triumphant-

Diameter-

Taboo-

Involuntarily-

Irked-

Balm-
Spear-

Squealed-

Horizon-

Exhilaration-

Vicious-

Opaque-

Assemblу-

Wearisomeness-

Apex-

Reverence-

Bogies-

Coaxed-

Bullied-

Effigy-

Yawned-

Tempestuously-

II. Explain the word combinations in bold. Use them in examples of your
own

to adjust themselves wholly to-

huddled together-

natural belligerence-

felt the unease of wrongdoing-

scavenging over the beach-

pulling his leg-

was the most at home there-

gave way-

imposed their will upon-

let it out-

drove Jack to violence-

put himself in the right-

in the wrong-

asserted his chieftainship-

broke the silence-

stumbling stuff-

was dotted with-

worn away-

had fished the thing out of-

flourished the conch-

To adjust themselves wholly to: To completely adapt or conform to a particular situation or circumstance.

Transcription: /tuː əˈdʒʌst ðəmˈsɛlvz ˈhoʊli tuː/

Huddled together: Closely grouped or clustered together, often for warmth, protection, or comfort.

Transcription: /ˈhʌdəld təˈɡɛðər/

Natural belligerence: An inherent tendency or disposition toward aggression, hostility, or combativeness.

Transcription: /ˈnætʃərəl bɪˈlɪdʒərəns/

Felt the unease of wrongdoing: Experienced a sense of discomfort or guilt associated with having done
something wrong.

Transcription: /fɛlt ðə ʌnˈiz ʌv ˈrʊŋˌduɪŋ/

Scavenging over the beach: Searching for food, items, or resources on the beach, often in a manner similar
to scavengers.
Transcription: /ˈskævɪndʒɪŋ ˈoʊvər ðə bitʃ/

Pulling his leg: Teasing or joking with someone in a playful or lighthearted manner.

Transcription: /ˈpʊlɪŋ hɪz lɛɡ/

Was the most at home there: Felt the most comfortable or familiar in that particular place or environment.

Transcription: /wəz ðə moʊst æt hoʊm ðɛr/

Gave way: Yielded or surrendered; allowed something to happen or took a backseat.

Transcription: /ɡeɪv weɪ/

Imposed their will upon: Forced or asserted their desires or decisions onto others, often with authority or
dominance.

Transcription: /ɪmˈpoʊzd ðer wɪl əˈpɒn/

Let it out: Released or expressed something, often emotions or thoughts, that had been kept hidden or
suppressed.

Transcription: /lɛt ɪt aʊt/

Drove Jack to violence: Pushed or compelled Jack to engage in violent behavior.

Transcription: /droʊv ʤæk tuː ˈvaɪələns/

Put himself in the right: Positioned or portrayed himself as being morally or legally correct in a given
situation.

Transcription: /pʊt hɪmˈsɛlf ɪn ðə raɪt/

In the wrong: To be at fault or in error; to have made a mistake.

Transcription: /ɪn ðə rɔŋ/

Asserted his chieftainship: Demonstrated or established his authority or leadership as a chieftain or chief.

Transcription: /əˈsɜrtɪd hɪz ˈʧiːftənˌʃɪp/

Broke the silence: Ended a period of quietness or lack of sound by making noise or speaking.

Transcription: /broʊk ðə ˈsaɪləns/

Stumbling stuff: Information or material that is presented in a clumsy or stumbling manner, often difficult
to understand.

Transcription: /ˈstʌmbəlɪŋ stʌf/

Was dotted with: Had small, scattered spots or marks of something.

Transcription: /wəz ˈdɒtɪd wɪð/

Worn away: Gradually eroded or consumed over time, often referring to the wearing down of a surface or
material.

Transcription: /wɔrn əˈweɪ/

Had fished the thing out of: Had retrieved or recovered something, often from a difficult or challenging
situation.

Transcription: /hæd fɪʃt ðə θɪŋ aʊt ʌv/

Flourished the conch: Displayed or showed the conch shell in a dramatic or prominent manner, often as a
symbol of authority.

Transcription: /ˈflɜrɪʃt ðə kɑntʃ/

taken short-

self-conscious giggling-

Keep the fire going-

Serve you right-

flinched away from the memory-

pushed the thought down and out of sight-

was shocked into silence-

became inarticulate in his effort-

summoned his wits-

gave a wild whoop-

Taken short: Suddenly and urgently needing to use the restroom, typically to relieve oneself.
Transcription: /ˈteɪkən ʃɔrt/

Self-conscious giggling: Nervous or awkward laughter, often due to feeling uncomfortable or overly aware
of oneself in a social situation.

Transcription: /ˌsɛlfˈkɒnʃəs ˈɡɪɡlɪŋ/

Keep the fire going: Maintain or sustain a fire by adding fuel, often used metaphorically to encourage the
continuation or preservation of something.

Transcription: /kip ðə faɪr ˈɡoʊɪŋ/

Serve you right: An expression used to suggest that a consequence is deserved, often in a negative or
punitive sense.

Transcription: /sɜrv ju raɪt/

Flinched away from the memory: Reacted with a sudden, involuntary movement away from the
recollection or thought of a past event, typically due to emotional discomfort.

Transcription: /flɪnʧt əˈweɪ frəm ðə ˈmɛməri/

Pushed the thought down and out of sight: Suppressed or consciously avoided thinking about something,
especially an unpleasant or distressing thought or memory.

Transcription: /pʊʃt ðə θɔt daʊn ənd aʊt əv saɪt/

Was shocked into silence: Became silent as a result of being startled or greatly surprised by something.

Transcription: /wəz ʃɑkt ˈɪntu ˈsaɪləns/

Became inarticulate in his effort: Lost the ability to express oneself clearly or coherently while attempting
to communicate.

Transcription: /bɪˈkeɪm ɪnɑrˈtɪkjʊlət ɪn hɪz ˈɛfərt/

Summoned his wits: Called upon or gathered one's mental faculties or intelligence, often in response to a
challenging or demanding situation.

Transcription: /ˈsʌmənd hɪz wɪts/

Gave a wild whoop: Uttered a loud, enthusiastic, and often exuberant cry or shout, typically expressing
excitement or jubilation.
Transcription: /ɡeɪv ə waɪld hwuːp/

III. Find equivalents from the text for the following:

уїдливо посміхатися-
прокрутити виступ в голові-
заплутатися в думках (two variants)-
швидко приймати рішення-
чітко виразити-
про що піде мова-
обдумувати наступну думку-
брати слово без черги-
схопитися на ноги-

IV. Fill in the gaps with prepositions where necessary:

 Strange things happened at midday.
 The decrease in size, from Ralph down, was gradual
 The three children, kneeling in the sand, were at peace.
 With impalpable organs of sense they examined this new field.
 He flushed, conscious of a fault

V. Make list of verbs describing hunting

Hunt: The boys actively search for pigs to kill for food.
Stalk: They stealthily approach pigs or potential prey.
Track: The boys follow animal tracks to locate their prey.
Kill: They successfully capture and slaughter pigs.
Slaughter: The boys take the lives of pigs for sustenance.
Butcher: They cut up and prepare the pig's meat for cooking.
Sacrifice: The boys offer a pig as a sacrifice to the "beast."
Gash: The act of making deep cuts or wounds in the pig's flesh.
Chase: Pursuing a pig in an attempt to catch it.
Speared: The boys use spears as weapons for hunting.
Squeal: Pigs make noise when they are in distress or being attacked.
Torture: The boys torment the captured sow before killing her.

Hunt: The boys continue their search for pigs as they become increasingly
obsessed with hunting.
хант: зэ бойз кэнˈтынью зеэ сёч фо пыгз эз зей быˈкам ынˈкрисыньли эбˈсест
уыз ˈхантынь.

Obsess: Their focus on hunting becomes all-consuming.

эбˈсес: зеэ ˈфоукэс он ˈхантынь быˈкамз ол-кэнˈсьюмынь.

Kill: They continue to hunt and kill pigs.

кыл: зей кэнˈтынью ту хант энд кыл пыгз.

Bloodlust: The intense desire for blood and violence associated with hunting.
Bloodlust: зи ынˈтенс дыˈзайэ фо блад энд ˈвайэлнс эˈсоусиейтыд уыз ˈхантын
ь.

Thrill: The excitement and exhilaration they feel during the hunt.
срыл: зи ыкˈсайтмэнт энд ыгˌзылэˈрейшн зей фил ˈдьюэрынь зэ хант.

Trample: The boys accidentally trample the littlun in the frenzy of the hunt.
ˈтрэмпл: зэ бойз ˌэксыˈдентэли ˈтрэмпл зэ littlun ын зэ ˈфрензи ов зэ хант.

Excite: The act of riling each other up and working themselves into a frenzy before
a hunt.
ыкˈсайт: зи экт ов ˈрайлынь ич ˈазэр ап энд ˈуёкынь зэмˈселвз ˈынту э ˈфрензи
быˈфор э хант.

Descent into savagery: The boys' descent into a more primitive, violent state is a
theme throughout these chapters.
дыˈсент ˈынту ˈсэвыджэри: зэ бойз дыˈсент ˈынту э мо ˈпрымытыв, ˈвайэлнт сте
йт ыз э сим сруˈaут зиз ˈчэптэз.

Полювання: хлопці продовжують шукати свиней, оскільки вони стають все

більш одержимими полюванням.
Одержимі: Полювання стає для них всепоглинаючою справою.
Вбивати: Вони продовжують полювати і вбивати свиней.
Жага крові: Інтенсивне бажання крові та насильства, пов'язане з полюванням.
Захоплення: Збудження і піднесення, які вони відчувають під час полювання.
Витоптати: Хлопці випадково розтоптали лисеня у шаленстві полювання.
Збуджувати: Підбурювання один одного і доведення себе до шаленства
перед полюванням.
Спуск до дикості: Спад хлопців до більш примітивного, жорстокого стану є
темою цих розділів.

VI. Find antonyms in the text for the following words:

slow (adj) pay attention (v)
encourage (v) keep silent (v)
remain (v) firm (adj)

Slow (adj): The opposite of "slow" in the context could be "fast" or "quick."

Pay attention (v): The opposite of "pay attention" would be "ignore" or "disregard."

Encourage (v): The opposite of "encourage" could be "discourage" or "dissuade."

Keep silent (v): The opposite of "keep silent" would be "speak" or "communicate."

Remain (v): The opposite of "remain" could be "leave" or "depart."

Firm (adj): The opposite of "firm" could be "soft" or "flexible."

VII. Find synonyms in the text for the following words:

Hut (n) humbly (adv)
Doubl (n) memory (n)
Business (n) impression (n)

Hut (n):

Synonyms: cabin, shelter, cottage, shack

 Doubt (n):

Synonyms: uncertainty, skepticism, suspicion, disbelief

Business (n):

Synonyms: enterprise, company, corporation, trade, industry

Humbly (adv):

Synonyms: modestly, meekly, submissively, respectfully

Memory (n):

Synonyms: recollection, remembrance, retention, recall

Impression (n):

Synonyms: impact, influence, effect, mark, perception

VIII. Topics for discussion.

 Who takes care of little boys?
The older boys, particularly Ralph, Jack, and Piggy, try to maintain a
sense of order and provide some level of protection for the younger
boys. However, as the story unfolds, the boys' ability to take care of the
younger ones diminishes as they become increasingly divided and
succumb to the primitive and chaotic environment of the island. The
absence of adult supervision and guidance is a central theme in the
novel, and the children's attempts to take care of themselves and one
another become more challenging as they descend into savagery.
зи ˈоулдэ бойз, пэˈтыкьэлэли рэлф, джэк, энд ˈпыги, тра
й ту мейнˈтейн э сенс ов ˈодэр энд прэˈвайд сам ˈлевл
ов прэˈтекшн фо зэ ˈяньэ бойз. хaуˈевэ, эз зэ ˈстори ан
ˈфоулдз, зэ бойз эˈбылэти ту тейк кеэр ов зэ ˈяньэ уанз
дыˈмынышыз эз зей быˈкам ынˈкрисыньли дыˈвайдыд энд
сэˈкам ту зэ ˈпрымытыв энд кейˈотык ынˈвайэрэнмэнт ов
зи ˈайлэнд. зи ˈэбснс ов ˈэдалт ˌсупэˈвыжн энд ˈгайднс ы
з э ˈсентрэл сим ын зэ ˈновл, энд зэ ˈчылдрэнз эˈтемптс
ту тейк кеэр ов зэмˈселвз энд уан эˈназэ быˈкам мо ˈчэлынджынь эз
зей дыˈсенд ˈынту ˈсэвыджэри.
 Why did Piggy become an outsider?
 Do you agree that Ralph began to lose his authority as chief?
  What were children frightened of?
 What do we learn about Roger, a boy from the choir?

Why did Piggy become an outsider?

Piggy becomes an outsider due to several factors. First, he is physically
different from the other boys, being overweight and wearing glasses,
which makes him a target for teasing and bullying. Second, he is seen as
less capable of physical activities like hunting and exploring, which
diminishes his standing among the more athletic boys. Finally, Piggy's
rational and intellectual approach to problems contrasts with the boys'
growing inclination towards primal behavior, making him an outsider in
terms of his values and ideas.

Do you agree that Ralph began to lose his authority as chief?

Yes, as the story progresses, Ralph's authority as chief does begin to
weaken. The boys become increasingly divided, and some start to
follow Jack, who adopts a more authoritarian and aggressive leadership
style. Ralph's focus on maintaining the signal fire and seeking rescue
clashes with Jack's emphasis on hunting and indulging in their primal
instincts. This division results in a loss of control and authority for
Ralph as chief.
пыги быˈкамз эн ˌaутˈсайдэ дью ту ˈсеврл ˈфэктэз. фёст,
хи ыз ˈфызыкли ˈдыфрнт фром зи ˈазэ бойз, ˈбиынь ˈоув
эуэйт энд ˈуээрынь ˈгласыз, уыч мейкс хым э ˈтагыт фо
ˈтизынь энд ˈбулиынь. ˈсекэнд, хи ыз син эз лес ˈкейпэб
л ов ˈфызыкл экˈтывэтиз лайк ˈхантынь энд ыксˈплорынь,
уыч дыˈмынышыз хыз ˈстэндынь эˈмань зэ мор эсˈлетык
бойз. ˈфайнэли, ˈпыгиз ˈрэшнл энд ˌынтлˈекчуэл эˈпроуч т
у ˈпроблэмз ˈконтрастс уыз зэ бойз ˈгроуынь ˌынклы
ˈнейшн тэˈуодз ˈпраймл быˈхейвьэ, ˈмейкынь хым эн ˌaут
ˈсайдэр ын тёмз ов хыз ˈвэльюз энд айˈдыэз.
What were children frightened of?
The children are initially frightened of the unknown on the island,
particularly the unseen "beastie" or "beast from the water" that they
believe lurks in the forest. As the story progresses, their fears also
include the violent and erratic behavior of some of the older boys, such
as Jack and Roger, who become increasingly savage.

What do we learn about Roger, a boy from the choir?

In the text, Roger is depicted as a boy from the choir who initially
adheres to the rules and order established by Ralph and the others.
However, as the story unfolds, Roger's character undergoes a
transformation. He becomes more and more savage, taking pleasure in
cruelty and violence. His actions, such as the rolling of rocks to harm
others and his later participation in brutal acts, highlight the extent to
which the boys' descent into savagery affects even those who initially
seemed more civilized. Roger's behavior is emblematic of the darker
side of human nature that emerges in the absence of societal constraints.