Standard Method of Test for Materials Finer Than 75-ypm (No. 200) Sieve in Mineral Aggregates by Washing AASHTO Designation: T 11-05' ASTM Designation: C 117-03 Li SCOPE 44 This test method covers determination of the amount of material finer than a 75-tm (No. 200) sieve in aggregate by washing, Clay particles and other aggregate particles that are dispersed by ‘the wash water, as well as water-soluble materials, will be removed from the aggregate during the test 12, Two procedures are included, one using only water for the washing operation, and the other inchuding a wetting agent to assist the loosening of the material finer than the 75-m (No. 200) sieve from the coarser material. Unless otherwise specified, Procedure A (water only) shall be used. 13. ‘The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard 14, This standard may involve hazardous matertals, operations, and equipment. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems associated with its use. I isthe responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use, & REFERENCED DOCUMENTS 24, AASHTO Standards: M92, Wire-Cloth Sieves for Testing Purposes mM 231, Weighing Devices Used in the Testing of Materials m2, Sampling of Ageregates 727, Sieve Analysis of Fine and Coarse Aggregates, mT 248, Reducing Samples of Aggregate to Testing Size 22. ASTM Standards: C1117, Test Method for Materials Finer Than 75-;um (No. 200) Sieve in Mineral Aggregates by Washing C670, Practice for Preparing Precision Statements for Test Methods for Construction Materials TS-1e Tit AASHTO. @a1. SUMMARY OF METHOD A sample of the aggregate is washed in a prescribed manner, using either plain water or water containing a wetting agent, as specified. The decanted wash water, containing suspended and dissolved material, is passed through a 75-yum (No. 200) sieve. The loss in mass resulting from the ‘wash treatment is calculated as mass percent of the original sample and is reported as the percentage of material finer than a 75-1m (No. 200) sieve by washing, 4A. 42. SIGNIFICANCE AND USE ‘Material finer than the 75-yum (No. 200) sieve can be separated from larger particles much more efficiently and completely by wet sieving than through the use of dry sieving. Therefore, when accurate determinations of material finer than 75 jum in fine or coarse aggregate are desired, this test method is used on the sample prior to dry sieving in accordance with T 27, The results of this test method are included in the calculation in T 27, and the total amount of material finer than 75 um by washing, plus that obtained by dry sieving the same sample, is reported with the results of T 27. Usually the additional amount of material finer than 75 jum obtained in the dry-sieving process is a small amount. If tis large, the efficiency of the washing operation should be checked. Tt eould, also, be an indication of degradation of the aggregate. Plain water is adequate to separate the material finer than 75 jum from the coarser material with most aggregates. In some cases, the finer material is adhering to the larger particles, such as some clay coatings and coatings on ageregates that have been extracted from bituminous mixtures. In these cases, the fine material will be separated more readily with a wetting agent in the water. 5A. 52. 63. 84. 55. APPARATUS AND MATERIALS Balance—The balance shall have sufficient capacity. be readable to 0.1 percent of the sample mass, or better, and conform to the requirements of M 231. Sieves—A nest of two sieves, the lower being a 75-tim (No. 200) sieve and the upper being a sieve ‘with openings in the range of 236-mm (No. 8) to 1.18-mm (No. 16), both conforming to the requirement of M 92. Container—A pan or vessel of a size sufficient to contain the sample covered with water and to permit vigorous agitation without loss of any part of the sample or water. Oven—An oven of sufficient size, capable of maintaining a uniform temperature of 110 + 5°C (230 °F), Wetting Agent—Any dispersing agent, such as liquid dishwashing detergents, that will promote separation of the fine materials Note 4—The use of a mechanical apparatus to perform the washing operation is not precluded, provided the results are consistent with those obtained using manual operations. The use of some ‘mechanical washing equipment with some samples may cause degradation of the sample. SAMPLING 64 Sample the aggregate in accordance with T2. Ithe same test sample isto be tested for sieve analysis according to T 27, comply with the applicable requirements ofthat method. y, TSte TH2 aasHToO | —@62 ‘Thoroughly mix the sample of aggregate to be tested and reduce the quantity to an amount suitable for testing using the applicable methods described in T 248. If the same test sample is to be tested according to T 27, the minimum mass shall be as described in the applicable sections of that ‘method. Otherwise, the mass of the test sample, after drying, shall conform with the following: 10.0 mm (in) 375 mm (sin) oF larger The test sample shall be the end result of the reduction. Reduction to an exact predetermined mass, shall not be permitted. If the nominal maximum size of the aggregate to be tested is not listed above, the next larger size listed shall be used to determine sample size. SELECTION OF PROCEDURE 7A Procedure A shall be used, unless otherwise specified by the specification with which the test results are to be compared, or when directed by the agency for which the work is performed. 8. PROCEDURE A—WASHING WITH PLAIN WATER 84. ‘Dry the test sample to constant mass at a temperature of 110 $°C (230 9°F), Determine the ‘mass to the nearest 0.1 percent of the mass of the test sample. 82 Ifthe applicable specification requires that the amount passing the 75-jim (No. 200) sieve shall be determined on a portion of the sample passing a sieve smaller than the nominal maximum size of the aggregate, separate the sample on the designated sieve and determine the mass of the material passing the designated sieve to 0.1 percent of the mass of this portion of the test sample. Use this ‘mass as the original dry mass of the test sample in Section 10.1 Note 2—Some specifications for aggregates with a nominal maximum size of SO mm or greater, for example, provide a limit for material passing the 75-um (No. 200) sieve determined on that portion of the sample passing the 25.0-mm sieve. Such procedures are necessary since it is impractical to wash samples of the size required when the same test sample is to be used for sieve analysis by T 27, 83 After drying and determining the mass, place the test sample in the container and add sufficient ‘water to cover it. No detergent, dispersing agent, or other substance shall be added to the water. Agitate the sample with sufficient vigor to result in complete separation of all particles finer than the 75-tum (No. 200) sieve from the coarser particles, and to bring the fine material into suspension. The use of a large spoon or other similar tool to stir and agitate the aggregate in the ‘wash water has been found satisfactory. Immediately pour the wash water containing the suspended and dissolved solids over the nested sieves, arranged with the coarser sieve on top. ‘Take care to avoid, as much as feasible, the decantation of coarser particles of the sample. 84 ‘Add a second charge of water to the sample in the container, agitate, and decant as before, Repeat this operation until the wash water is clear. Note 3—If mechanical washing equipment is used, the charging of water, agitating, and decanting may be a continuous operation, Note 4—A spray nozzle or a piece of rubber tubing attached to a water faucet may be used to rinse any of the material that may have fallen onto the sieves. The velocity of the water, which TS-1¢ T113 AASHTO.85. ‘may be increased by pinching the tubing, should not be sufficient to cause any splashing of the sample over the sides of the sieve Return all material retained on the nested sieves by flushing to the washed sample, Dry the washed aggregate to constant mass at a temperature of 110 + 5°C (230 + 9*F) and determine the mass to the nearest 0.1 percent of the original mass of the sample, Note 5—Following the washing of the sample and flushing any materials retained on the 75-um (No. 200) sieve back into the container, no water should be decanted from the container except through the 75-tum sieve, to avoid loss of material. Excess water from flushing should be evaporated from the sample in the drying process. 9A. 9.2. 93. 9.4. PROCEDURE B—WASHING USING A WETTING AGENT Prepare the sample in the same manner as for Procedure A. After drying and determining the mass, place the test sample in the container. Add sufficient water to cover the sample, and add wetting agent to the water (Note 6). Agitate the sample with sufficient vigor to result in complete separation of all particles finer than the 7S-yum (No. 200) sieve from the coarser particles, and to bring the fine material into suspension. The use of a large spoon or other similar tool to sti and agitate the ageregate in the wash water has been found satisfactory. Immediately pour the wash water containing the suspended and dissolved solids over the nested sieves, arranged with the coarser sieve on top. Take care to avoid, as much as feasible, the decantation of coarser particles of the sample, Note 6—Thete should be enough wetting agent to prochce a small amount of suds when the sample is agitated. The quantity will depend on the hardness of the water and the quality of the detergent. Excessive suds may overflow the sieves and carry some material with them. Add a second charge of water (without wetting agent) to the sample in the container, agitate, and decant as hefore. Repeat this operation until the wash water is clear. Complete the iest as for Procedure A. 10. 10.41 CALCULATION Calculate the amount of material passing a 75-m (No. 200) sieve by washing as follows: A=[(B-C)/B] x 100 @ where: A = percentage of material finer than a 75-m (No. 200) sieve by washing; B= original dry mass of sample, g; and C= dry mass of sample after washing, g. 11. WA. 112. REPORT Report the percentage of material finer than the 75-jum (No, 200) sieve by washing to the nearest 0.1 percent, except if the result is 10 percent or more, report the percentage to the nearest whole number. Include a statement as to which procedure was used, vA TS-te Tit AASHTO. «©12. PRECISION AND BIAS 12.4. Precision—The estimates of precision of this test method listed in Table 1 are based on results from the AASHTO Materials Reference Laboratory Proficiency Sample Program, with testing conducted by this test method and ASTM C 117. The significant differences between the methods at the time the data were acquired is that T 11 required, and ASTM C 117 prohibited, the use of a ‘wetting agent. The data are based on the analyses of more than 100 paired test results from 40 to 100 laboratories. Table 1—Precision ‘Acceptable Range of Standard Deviation Two Results (1S)," percent (D2S),*percent Coane agaregata® Single operator precision 0.10 028 Malilahoratory precision 02 06 Fine aguregte” Single operator precision os 04s Multiaboratony precision 029 0x2 Thess numer represent he (15) and (D2S) Kr at dsenod ie ASTM CTD. rein cnr ar ate on args ving minal mms of 19. a(n) with oe hun 1S pcm nr tan he 754m (No 700) ove “Pron estinute areas o Fine aggre having 1.01930 percent finer than dhe (No 200 sive 124.4 ‘The precision values for fine aggregate in Table 1 are based on nominal 500-g test samples Revision of this test method in 1996 permits the fine aggregate test sanaple size to 300-¢ ‘minimum. Analysis of results of testing of 300-g and $00-g test samples from Aggregate Proficiency Test Samples 99 and 100 (Samples 99 and 100 were essentially identical) produced the precision values in Table 2, which indicates only minor differences due to test sample size. Table 2— Precision Data for 300-g and 500-g Test Samples Fine Agregate Within Bawers Proficiency Sample Lioratory Laboratory Simple Ne. ‘est Result Simo Lab) Ag IS DIS SDs RASHTOT HASTAC TIT (Fo mal pane sig 3% 10k 34023088 [No 20 ive washing pee) joog 26th Note 7—The values for fine aggregate in Table 1 will be revised to reflect the 300-g test sample size when a sufficient number of Aggregate Proficiency Tests have been conducted using that sample size to provide reliable data. 12.2. Bias—Since there is no accepted reference material suitable for determining the bias for the procedure in this test method, no statement on bias is made. ' Except for Sections 5.1 and 6.2, this test method is identical with ASTM C 117-03. A TSc THs AASHTO. |