Material Characteristics of Plastics Materials and Elastomers

Duroplast Technopolymer Elastomers

This group includes plastic materials With increasing temperature and A feature of elastomers is that they
which solidify by chemical reactions. once the softening point is exceeded, can be deformed under minimal ten-
They closely crosslink into spatial this group of Technopolymer melts, sile or compressive stress. When the
lattice patterns of macromolecules can be heat distorted and solidifies force effect decreases or no longer
which gives Duroplast material high again after cooling. This process can exists, the parts automatically return
mechanical strength and surface be repeated any number of times. Un- to their original, undeformed shape.
hardness. Their elasticity is low, how- like Duroplast, there is no chemical Thus, they demonstrate the typical
ever. reaction during processing. behavior of rubber.

The curing process is irreversible. Un- Technopolymer materials can be sub- In chemical terms, these are macro-
like Technopolymer, Duroplast can- divided into amorphous and partially molecules which are interconnected
not be melted because it is rigid up crystalline plastics. The disordered by only a few chemical crosslinking
to degradation temperature. Phenolic structure of amorphous materials al- bridges.
resins are among the most commonly lows the production of transparent
With thermoplastic elastomers, the
used Duroplast materials. components by injection moulding
cross-links soften under the influence
right through to crystal-clear parts.
In general, the molecular crosslinking of heat, thus demonstrating a thermo-
Partially crystalline Technopolymer
of Duroplast creates good chemical plastic behavior.
have a structure resulting in enhan-
stability.
ced mechanical properties and tem- By way of modification, elastomers
The coloring options of components peratures of use. can be made in varying degrees of
made of Duroplast are limited. hardness. They can be dyed easily by
The wide variety of different Tech-
adding color pigments.
nopolymer and their options of mo-
difications allow the production of Material characteristics of Elastomers
“tailor-made” construction materials → Page 2162 ff.
with respect to mechanical proper-
ties, chemical resistance, tempera-
ture resistance and different colors.

Information

The above details are general values without claiming to be complete. Material properties may vary widely through addi-
tives, modifications and environmental influence factors.
The details are unsuitable as the sole basis for constructions. The data may not be used in place of tests to determine the
suitability of a material for a specific purpose.
No warranty or liability will be accepted fort the above specifications and details.

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Material Characteristics of Plastics Materials and Elastomers continued

Duroplast Technopolymer
Symbol PF 31 PA 6 PA 6 GF30 PA-HP PA-T
Description Phenolic resin Polyamide Polyamide with High performance Polyamide
30 % glass fibre Polyamide transparent
Yield stress in MPa – 80 / 50 –/– –/– 90
Tensile strength in MPa 60 –/– 180 / 110 240 / 165 –
Tension-E-Module in MPa 9000 3000 / 1500 9000 / 6500 21000 / 15500 2800
Ball indentation hardness
in MPa 250 150 / 70 220 / 150 –/– 140

Temperature resistance:
• max. short-term 180 °C 180 °C 200 °C 215 °C 180 °C
• max. long-term 140 °C 80 °C 120 °C 150 °C 90 °C
• min. application temp. –20 °C –40 °C –40 °C –40 °C –30 °C
Resistance to: *
• Oil, greases + + + + +
• Solvents: Tri o + + + +
Per o + + + +
• Acid: weak + o o o –
strong – – – – –
• Alkalines: weak + + o o +
strong – o – – +
• Petrol + + + + +
• Alcohol + + + o –
• hot water o o o o –
• UV light / weather exposure – o o o o
Fire behaviour (UL 94) V-0 HB HB HB V-2
General This Duroplast The material group Polyamide 6 (partially crystalline) offers univer-
material on phe- sal materials for mechanical function components in mechanical
nolic resin basis engineering.
with organic filler
Polyamides are:
has the following
- cold-temperature resistant
properties:
- impact stress resilient and impact resistant
High stiffness - abrasion resistant
and hardness,
Reinforced Polyamides, such as PA 6 GF30 or PA-HP, combine high
low tendency
stiffness and rigidity with extreme impact strength, properties which
to creep, high
make them highly robust under mechanical stress.
heat forming
resistance, low Polyamide PA-T (amorphous) is translucent with a slightly yellow
thermal linear transparency. Typically used for oil level sight glass.
expansion, high
surface slip
resilience, low
flammability.

Phenolic resins
are available only
in dark colour
shades. They are
not suitable for
use with food.

Typical appli-
cations include
thermally insu-
lating operating
elements.

* + resistant, o conditionally resistant, – non-resistant

Material Characteristics | Page 2159

Material Characteristics of Plastics Materials and Elastomers continued

Technopolymer
Symbol PE-HD PE-LD POM-C POM-H
Description Polyethylene Polyethylen Polyacetal Polyacetal
high density low density (Copolymer) (Homopolymer)
Yield stress in MPa 30 10 65 72
Tensile strength in MPa 25 ... 30 8 ... 10 – 70
Tension-E-Module in MPa 1450 200 2700 3100
Ball indentation hardness
in MPa 57 (Standard H132/30) 15 (Standard H49/30) 145 174

Temperature resistance:
• max. short-term 100 °C 100 °C 140 °C 140 °C
• max. long-term 90 °C 70 °C 90 °C 80 °C
• min. application temp. -80 °C –80 °C –50 °C –50 °C
Resistance to: *
• Oil, greases + + + +
• Solvents: Tri + – – –
Per + – + +
• Acid: weak + + + +
strong + – – –
• Alkalines: weak + + + +
strong + + + +
• Petrol + + + +
• Alcohol + + + +
• hot water + o + o
• UV light / weather exposure o o o o
Fire behaviour (UL 94) HB HB HB HB
General Polyethylene is a very versatile thermoplas- Polyacetals (partially crystalline) are
tic polymer. It is colorless in its basic form. universal materials used in function
components for precision engineering
Polyethylene is physiologically safe,
and in apparatus construction.
practically odorless, and tasteless. These
properties make it ideal for the food and They feature excellent properties:
packaging industry.

Polyethylene is shockproof and impact- - low friction resistance

resistant. It has good sliding properties and - good abrasion resistance
absorbs virtually no moisture. - good resilience
- good fatigue resistance
- good chemical resistance

Typical applications include snap-fit

elements (form-locking connecting
elements).

* + resistant, o conditionally resistant, – non-resistant

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Material Characteristics of Plastics Materials and Elastomers continued

Technopolymer
Symbol PC PP GF20 PSU PTFE
Description Polycarbonate Polypropylene Polysulfon Polytetra-
with 20% glass fibre fluorethylene
Yield stress in MPa 63 33 70 4
Tensile strength in MPa – – 70 20
Tension-E-Module in MPa 2400 2900 2400 600
Ball indentation hardness
in MPa 110 80 147 (H358/30) 26

Temperature resistance:
• max. short-term 140 °C 140 °C 180 °C 300 °C
• max. long-term 125 °C 100 °C 160 °C 260 °C
• min. application temp. –100 °C 0 °C –100 °C –200 °C

Resistance to: *
• Oil, greases o + + +
• Solvents: Tri – o o +
Per – o o +
• Acid: weak + + o +
strong – + o +
• Alkalines: weak – + + +
strong – + + +
• Petrol – + – +
• Alcohol o + + +
• hot water – + + +
• UV light / weather exposure o o - +

Fire behaviour (UL 94) V-2 – V-0 V-0

General Polycarbonates Propylenes (parti- The primary feature Polytetrafluor-
(amorphous) are ally crystalline) are of Polysulfon is ethylene is charac-
translucent plastic universal standard its very high heat terized in particular
materials with fol- plastic materials resistance and by very low friction
lowing properties: with balanced pro- good resistance to coefficients and
perty levels: chemicals. very high chemical
High strength, in and thermal resis-
particular high Typical fields of
Average strength, tance.
impact resistance, application are
stiffness, impact
good optical electrical engi- PTFE is a preferred
resistance, low
properties, self- neering, electro- material for friction
density, excellent
extinguishing. nics, mechanical bearings, guides,
chemical resistance
engineering, and seals, anti-stick
but very bad cold
but: medical technology coatings and insu-
temperature pro-
sensitive to chemi- where high heat re- lators.
perties.
cals and stress cra- sistance is needed,
cking, not suitable while also allowing
Embedded glass
for high dynamic transparency.
fibre, e.g. PP GF20,
stress loads, notch enhances stiffness
sensitive at edges and strength.
and corners.
Typical applications
for propylenes are
armatures.

* + resistant, o conditionally resistant, – non-resistant

Material Characteristics | Page 2161

Material Characteristics of Plastics Materials and Elastomers continued

Elastomers
Symbol NR CR FPM, FKM
Trade name Neoprene ® Viton®
Chemical Natural Chloroprene Fluorine elastomer
description rubber rubber Fluorine rubber
Hardness (Shore A) 30 … 90 30 … 90 65 … 90
Temperature resistance
• short-term – 60° … +130 °C – 30° … +150 °C – 30° … +280 °C
• long-term – 40° … +  80 °C – 25° … +100 °C – 20° … +230 °C

Tensile strength – 25 20
in N/mm2
Wear resistance / good good good
Abrasion resistance
Resistance to: *
• Oil, greases - + +
• Solvents o o +
• Acid o + +
• Alkalines o + +
• Petrol - - +
• UV light / weather exposure - + +

General NR is a material with very CR is one of the most FPM is unmatched for
good physical properties frequently used synthetic applications with contact
and excellent mechanical rubbers with a wide range to fuels, oils, solvents, as
strength. It is used e.g. for of applications for parts well as many acids and
spring elements. which require exceptional caustic solutions; resistant
resistance to ageing. to atmospheric and
environmental influences.

Due to its high price its use

is restricted to high quality
rubber parts which are
exposed to extremely
heavy wear resistance.

Viton® is a registered
trademark of DuPont
performance rubbers.

* + resistant, o conditionally resistant, – non-resistant

Information of hardness data for Elastomers

Hardness data of vulcanized or thermoplastic elastomers are measured using the Shore scale. This value is determined
by measuring the indention depth of a spring-loaded indenter into the material. A low indention depth is a high Shore
value, a high indention depth a low Shore value.
Different indenter shapes are used depending on the materials being examined. The elastomer materials used in Ganter
products are measured according to “Shore A” with a blunt indenter with a tip angle of 35°.

Page 2162 | Material Characteristics

Material Characteristics of Plastics Materials and Elastomers continued

Elastomers
Symbol NBR H-NBR EPDM
Trade name Perbunan® - -
Chemical Acrylonitrile Hydrogenated acrylonitrile Ethylene
description butadiene rubber butadiene rubber propylene diene rubber
Hardness (Shore A) 25 … 95 85 70 … 85
Temperature resistance
• short-term – 40° … +150 °C - – 40° … +150 °C
• long-term – 30° … +120 °C – 25° … +150 °C – 40° … +120 °C

Tensile strength 25 11 14
in N/mm2
Wear resistance / good good very good
Abrasion resistance
Resistance to: *
• Oil, greases + + -
• Solvents o + o
• Acid o o +
• Alkalines + + +
• Petrol + + -
• UV light / weather exposure - + +

General NBR is a synthetic special H-NBR is obtained through EPDM is a synthetic

rubber for rubber parts full or partial hydrogenation all-purpose rubber
with high requirements of NBR. This significantly characterized by its high
for resistance to swelling improves the resistance to steam and hot water
when in contact with oils heat, ozone and aging. resistance.
and fuels.
The resulting materials are Also worth mentioning
Standard material for characterized by high are its outstanding
o-rings. mechanical strength and resistance to aging,
high abrasion resistance. weathering and environ-
Media resistance is mental influences as well
comparable to NBR. as acids and alkalines.

The material is used in

sealings and tubings.

* + resistant, o conditionally resistant, – non-resistant

Material Characteristics | Page 2163

Material Characteristics of Plastics Materials and Elastomers continued

Elastomers
Symbol MVQ, VMQ PUR TPE
Trade name Elastosil® Bayflex® Santoprene ®

Chemical Silicone Polyurethane Thermoplastic

description rubber elastomer

Hardness (Shore A) 3 ... 90 65 … 90 55 … 87

Temperature resistance
• short-term –50° ... +250 °C ** – 40° … +130 °C – 40° … +150 °C
• long-term –30° ... +200 °C ** – 25° … +100 °C – 30° … +125 °C

Tensile strength 12 20 8,5

in N/mm2
Wear resistance / good excellent good
Abrasion resistance
Resistance to: *
• Oil, greases o + +
• Solvents o o +
• Acid o - +
• Alkalines o - +
• Petrol - + +
• UV light / weather exposure + + +

General MVQ offers very good PUR is known for exceptio- TPE is a thermoplastic
mechanical properties over nally good mechanical rubber, the performance
a very wide temperature characteristics with very characteristics of which
range with satisfactory oil good resistance to are comparable to those of
resistance. atmospheric and environ- many customary vulcani-
mental influences. sed special rubbers.
In comparison with other
elastomers, MVQ has In addition, the extreme TPE is a multi-purpose
exceptionally high purity resistance to tearing and material with outstanding
and is therefore used in to wear, should also be dynamic fatigue strength
particular in food and mentioned. and excellent resistance
pharmaceutical applica- to ozone and atmospheric
tions. influences (environmental
influences).

* + resistant, o conditionally resistant, – non-resistant ** Do not expose to hot water or steam

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Material Characteristics of Plastics Materials and Elastomers continued

Elastomers
Symbol TPU
Trade name Desmopan® /
Elastollan®
Chemical Thermoplastic
description polyurethane

Hardness (Shore A) 55 ... 85

Temperature resistance
• short-term –50° ... +120 °C
• long-term –30° ... + 90 °C

Tensile strength 50
in N/mm2
Wear resistance / very good
Abrasion resistance
Resistance to: *
• Oil, greases +
• Solvents -
• Acid -
• Alkalines o
• Petrol o
• UV light / weather exposure +

General TPU has generally good

physical properties, ma-
king it ideal for demanding
applications in virtually all
industrial areas.

In addition to the very high

wear and abrasion resis-
tance, the excellent tear
growth resistance and cold
flexibility of the material at
low temperatures should
also be mentioned.

TPU can be made for a

large hardness range and
from an ergonomic point
of view it can also be
used advantageously due
to its good surface feel
(Softline!).

* + resistant, o conditionally resistant, – non-resistant

Material Characteristics | Page 2165