Student Project Reports on

Organic Farming- Part 1

 Assumption College Autonomous
Changanacherry
REPORT
By , Anjali Menon
1st DC BA English Literature,640
Chapter 1 –
Organic farming is defined as the production of crop , animal
and other products Without the use of synthetic chemical
fertilizers and pesticides , transgenic species, or antibiotics
and growth-enhancing steroids and other chemicals.
Chapter 2 -
2.1 College – Assumption College Autonomous ,
Changanacherry
Student – Nedumkunnam
2.2 Tapioca , Pumpkin , Colocasia , Curry leaf ,
Turmeric, Ginger, Cucumber, Brinjal
2.2.1 local variety
2.2.2 Tapioca , colocasia, Ginger, Curry
leaf and turmeric were available at home .
Cucumber, Brinjal and Pumpkin
were available in a shop .
2.3 Area -1/2 cent
No of grow bags – 4
 2.4 Seasons – Summer and monsoon
2.5 Tapioca is best grown during April , Pumpkin is best
sown in June to July, Colocasia is best grown in June to July
Curry leaf is best grown in July to August, Turmeric is best
grown in March to April and for Ginger it is April.
2.6 Rake, sickle and spade .
2.7 Slaked lime (shells)
2.8 Cow dung
2.8.1 Added potassium near the roots
2.8.2 fungicide
2.8.2 Rhizobium
2.8.3 Bio slurries were not available .
2.9 Baking soda
2.10 No bio control agents used .
2.11 no
2.12
2.12.1 Weeding , lightly ploughing soil and pre irrigation.
Cow dung and coir pith .
2.12.2 Slaked lime
2.12.3 Cow dung
2.12.4 Soil , coir pith and manure
2.12.5 In a depth of 15 cm sowed seeds and planted
rhizome .
 2.12.6 fungicide
2.12.7 Added some baking soda and turmeric water.
2.12.8 Field sanitation, growing resistant varieties.
2.12.9 It depends on the plant. Some need regular
watering while some others need only watering
between 1 to 2 days .
2.12.10 Pumpkin, Ginger, Turmeric and Curry leaf.
Chapter 3-
Table 1: Germination
Crop Percent
Tapioca 1:1
Pumpkin 2:6
Colocasia 1:1
Curry leaf 1:1
Turmeric 5:5
Ginger 4:4
Cucumber 1:4
Brinjal 1:7

Table 2: Height of plants (in cm)

Crop/date 17/4 3/5 20/5 6/6 21/6 8/7 25/7 12/8
Tapioca 16 28 36 49 60 76 95 116
Pumpkin - - - - 34 76 113 160
Colocasia - - - - - 54 67 81
Curry leaf 16 23 31 39 47 54 60 68
Turmeric - 6 17 24 30 39 48 56
Ginger 2 11 19 26 34 41 46 53
Cucumber 6 19 34 49 - - - -
Brinjal 9 13 19 23 26 - - -

Table 3: No of branches
Crop No of branches
Tapioca 2
Curry leaf 3

Table 4: Day of first flowering

Crop Date
Pumpkin 29/5/2021
Cucumber 21/5/2021

Table 5: Day of first fruiting

Crop Date
Pumpkin 03/08/2021

Table 6: Harvest days

Crop Date
Tapioca Not yet harvested
Pumpkin Not yet harvested
Colocasia Not yet harvested
Curry leaf 21/08/2021
Turmeric Not yet harvested
Ginger 19/09/2021
Cucumber -
Brinjal -

Table 7: No and weight fruits from each harvest

Crop Weight of harvest

Curry leaf 10g
Ginger 250g
Table 8: cumulative yield (kg)
Crop Yield
Ginger 250g
Curry leaf 10g
Total yield 0.26kg

Chapter 4-
4.1
4.2

4.3
4.4
Chapter 5:
Cost of seeds : ₹60
Cost of fertilizers and other items :₹200
Income obtained :₹30
Chapter 6
From this project it can be concluded that the most
suitable and profitable crop for the locality is ginger
because it is easily available, can be easily grown , less care
is needed compared to other crops and also it will be ready
to get harvested.
Summary:
I had planted 8 different crops in total . But only 6 grew well.
2 of the crops are harvested and the others will be harvested
after some time. Second batch of Ginger is planted . Brinjal
and Cucumber did not grow well. Ginger was found to be the
most Suitable crop for the locality. I had planted colocasia
and Pumpkin late as 2 of my plants were destroyed.
MAHATMA GANDHI UNIVERSITY
MOOC on ORGANIC FARMING
CHAPTER – 1
Introduction

Organic farming is an overall system of

farming management and food production
that combines best environmental and
climate action practices, a high level of
biodiversity, the preservation of natural
resources.

Organic farming shall sustain

and enhance the health of the soil, plant,
animals and humans as one and
indivisible. By organic farming we are
getting safe and healthy food, free from
agrochemical residues. It also helps to
maintenance and the increase of fertility
and soil biological activity.
CHAPTER - 2
Material and methods

My name is Shilpa Reji. I am from

vazhappally in changanassery.I am doing
my second year of graduation in English
literature at Assumption college in
changanassery.Crops I selected from doing
organic farming are:

•Red Spinach

•Green Chilli
•Tomato

•Brinjal

•Ladies finger

•Bush Pepper

•Ivy gourd

•Turmeric

•Curry leaves
The selected crops are of different
varieties.Red spinach belongs to the
category of leafy vegetable Green Chilli
and tomato are considered to be in variety
of fruit.Brinjal belong to Solanaceae.Ladies
finger is a vareity of seed and pod
vegetable. Bush pepper is a piperaceae.Ivy
gourd is a tropical vine.Turmeric belongs
to Curcuma longa and last curry leaves
belongs to the category of DWD 1.

I approached my cousins house which is

near from my home for the source of seeds
as they have lots of plants at their home.
They have been doing organic farming at
their home for the past three years. Even
climatic condition damage their plants
they will plant it again after the weather
condition change. That’s how they love
planting and that’s the reason I decided to
approach them for buying seeds.

I have planted these plants in growbags

which are about more than 25 growbags at
my home itself in different outdoor areas.

Climatic condition has an important role in

organic farming. There are benefits but
also drawbacks in climate which will act on
the plants. The most important climate
change risk is increased temperature. This
affects rainfall and seasonal patterns on a
global scale. It also affects plants growth.
When I planted the selected plants for
organic farming it was the season of spring
As it is the best season for plants growing
well many plants I have planted grown
healthier but unfortunately some have
decayed due to rainfall.

Equipment’s used are:

Garden hand fork, Hand sprayer, sickle and

water can
Lime about 15-20gram was mixed with soil
before planting plants in the growbags.
Lime is used when some plants show less
calcium. As lime is a calcium carbonate, it
helps plants to grow healthy. I used lime
for plants every two weeks before
fertilization. In case of fertilizers I used
Worm castings, cow dung manure. Dry
fertilizers were scattered over the plants.
As basal manure soil was mixed with
lime.And for pesticides management
tobacco tincture was used.

After mixing manure with soil I filled the

growbags half with it and the rest were
filled with normal soil. Then I planted the
crops on it and poured some water on it.
For water management I used to water all
the plants every day evening. Harvesting
was done when the vegetables were
useable sized. As I have mentioned before
some of the plants get decayed and some
didn’t flowered. But happily I harvested
more plants than number of losted plants.
CHAPTER - 3
Observation and data collection

Planted date – April 10th

•Germination – one week

•After 15 days – 12cm

•No. of branches – 6

•Day of flowering -after 1 month

•Day of first fruiting – after 2 and half

months

•Day of harvest - June 7th

•No. and weight of fruits harvested (total

of ) –

Tomato -2kg, Red spinach – 7kg, Green

Chilli – 8kg, Brinjal – 10kg, Ladies finger –
3kg, Bush pepper – 1kg, Turmeric – 4kg,
Curry leaves – 60gm

CHAPTER - 4
Photos

Growbag preparation and layout

Red Spinach
Green Chilli
Tomato
Brinjal
Ladies finger
Bush pepper
Ivy gourd
Turmeric
Curry leaves
CHAPTER - 5
Cost Benefit analysis
As i have bought crops seeds from my family itself,
I got it for free. But when comes to manures, i
expended total of ₹ 543. The income I received
when I sold the harvested vegetables to my
relatives and friends is total of ₹710.
CHAPTER – 6
Conclusion
By organic farming we are harvesting vegetables and all
at the most nutritious and safety way hence it
increased species richness by about 30% and had a
greater effect on biodiversity, as the percentage of the
landscape consisting of arable fields increased. It was
found that organic fields had up to five times higher
plant species richness compared to conventional fields.
Moreover, by prohibiting the use of petroleum-based
fertilizers and absorbing carbon dioxide from the air,
organic agriculture helps to reduce our carbon footprint
and combat climate change.
One major advantage of
organic gardening is that it can significantly improve
the health levels of many people on our planet.
Through organic farming practices, the soil is often
contaminated with harmful elements from chemical
fertilizers. Organic farming can be considered as
sustainable Since organic fruits and vegetables often
grow slower, they have more time to develop high
levels of nutrients and other elements that are
beneficial to human health.

Abstract

Since our ancestors never had chemical fertilizers

but rather engaged in organic farming, this kind of
farming can also be considered to be the most
original way. Thus, it might also be logical that our
body will be better able to digest organic food
since humanity has been used to this kind of food
for millions of years. Organic farming helps to
provide long-term benefits to people as well as
the environment. Other environmental
advantages of organic farming include
supporting local food markets, increased
biodiversity, improved soil quality and reduced
pesticide pollution and packaging waste, and
water usage. Besides its potential to alleviate
poverty and economic gains, organic farming
proves to be valuable in a number of ways.
This is the first time in my entire life trying organic
farming so that I was not much confident that I
can do it when I planted it all but when I started
caring it and follow the steps that should do while
doing organic farming, the plants shows changes
and start flowering then fruiting and I harvested
them all. It was a beautiful experience for me in
my life. Health is the wholeness and integrity of
living systems. The role of organic farming
processing, consumption and distribution is to
sustain and enhance the health of ecosystems and
organisms from the smallest in the soil to human
beings.
ORGANIC
FARMING….

Chapter - 1

INTRODUCTION

Organic farming is the production of crops without using any synthetic chemicals and
fertilizers.Organic agriculture aims at human welfare without any harm to environment which
is the foundation of human life.Organic farming uses animal manures and compost.
Organic farming works in the harmony with the nature rather than against it. It uses
environmentally sound techniques for raising crops and livestocks that are free from
synthetic compound.The methods used in organic farming seeks to increase long-term soil
fertility, balance insect and organism population and reduce air, soil and water pollution while
maintaining or increasing levels of production.

Chapter - 2

Materials and methods

2.1.location
Location of college:changanacherry
Location of student: champakulam,Alappuzha.

2.2. Crops selected

2.2.1. Varieties

1.Tomato
2.Elephant foot yam
3.Lady finger
4.Capsicum frutescences(kandari)
5.French beans (pidi payar)

2.2.2.Source of seedling

From the ripened ovule

2.3. Area/No.of grow bags

20
2.4.Crops season

1.Tomato. : Summer

2.Elephant foot yam. ; Summer

3.Capsicum frutescence. : Summer

4.French bean. : Spring

5.Lady finger. : Summer

2.5.Weather condition prevailed

None

2.6.Agricultural implements and equipments

Grape hoe
Rake
Spade
Trowel

2.7.liming material and quantity

1 Calcific limestones Calcium carbonate 100

2 Quick lime Calcium oxide 150 - 175

3 Hydrated lime Calcium hydroxide 120 - 135

4 Dolomitig lime Calcium

magnesium 95 -108
carbonate

5 Slag Calcium silicate 50 - 70

2.8.Manures

2.8.1.Basal Application

Before the soil cultivation of a soil

2.8.2.Top Dressing
 Nitrogenous fertilizer

2.8.3.Biofertilizers

Cow dung

2.8.4.Bio slurries

DBGS

2.9. Bio pesticides

baking soda

Canola oil

2.10. Bio Control agents

Entomopathogenis nematodes

2.11.Any other inputs used

None

2.12.Crop management

2.12.1.land preparation/potting mixture preparation

Old covers for sand filling and tilling the soil for sowing seed

2.12.2.liming
To reduce acidity and maintain fertility of soil

2.12.3.Basal manuring
To provide nutrients

2.12.4.Growbag filling
To grow plants

2.12.5.seedling or planting
To grow a seed into plant

2.12.6.Top dressing
Applying a layer of soil compost

2.12.7.pest management
IPM Used. U

2.12.8.Diseasemanagement
Eradication of soil

2.12.Water management
Providing enough water

2.12.10.Harvest
Gathering fruits.
CHAPTER - 3

OBSERVATION AND DATA COLLECTION

Sno
Crops Germinatio Height of No of Day of first Harvest day No. And Cumulative
n plants cm branches flowering weight of yield
fruit

1 180 4 34 81 14g 7-11

Tomato 7

2 59.9 6 43 86 1g 10-1
Kandari 8

2
3 300 7 -- 98 2kg 4-8
Elephant 10
foot yam

4 119. 3 45 75 5g 8-10
French 6
bean

3
5 313 4 53 90 10g 7-10
Lady finger 8

CHAPTER - 4

P HO T O S
4.1.grow bag preparation lay out
4.2.Flowering stage
4.3. Fruiting stage
4.4.Harvest stage
 Chapter - 5

Cost benefit analysis

 Total cost 500

Total benefit 700

Income obtained 1000

Chapter - 6

Conclusion
The most preferable crop and suitable crop was capcicum frutescence.It is most preferable for every type of climate and also it has a very high demand in
market.

Abstract

Organic farming made me a close relationship with environment.Spending time with farming made my mind fresh and
relax.I planted tomato ,Elephant foot yam,capcicum frutescences,French bean and lady finger. In about 6-7 weeks
seeds turned into plants and then to flowers.At the end of third months all my plants harvested.It was my first
experience and also a good experience in this pandemic time to engage with farming.I thank all the coordinators for
providing such a great thing.

Thankyou

From
Jasmi jijo
638
English language and literature department 2nd DC
 ORGANIC FARMING
PROJECT REPORT

Submitted by Meena M
Roll no:639
Second year BA English literature
Assumption college, changanacherry
CHAPTER 1.INTRODUCTION
Organic farming is the production of crops and
livestock without the use of synthetic chemicals and
inorganic fertilizers. Organic farming aims at the
human welfare without any harm to the environment
which is the foundation of human life itself.It relies on
ecological processes,biodiversity and cycles adapted to
local conditions, rather than the use of inputs with
adverse effects. Organic farming combines tradition,
innovation and science too science too benefit the
shared environment. The concepts of organic
agriculture were developed in the early 1900s by Sir
Albert Howard,F H king and others who believed that
the use of animal manures and biological based pest
controls resulted in a better farming system. The world
market for organic food has grown for over 15
years.Certified organic agriculture accounts 70 million
hectares globally, with over half of the total in
Australia. Organic farming continues to develop by
various organisations today.
MG University’s this initiative of MOOC- Organic
Farming course was very beneficial for each one us.For
so many of us,it was a new topic to experiment
to.During the cultivation of this organic vegetables,I get
to know more about the ways in which we can make
organic fertilizers and manures from our surrounding
itself.Healthy and quality food is important for the
betterment of our health and it can be obtained by
organic farming.

CHAPTER 2.METHODS AND MATERIALS

2.1)LOCATION: Backyard of house
Terrace
2.2)SOURCE OF SEEDLINGS :
Chilly,Brinjal,Tomato were collected from agricultural
office.Turmeric was taken from home.
2.3)CROPS SELECTED:
1. Chill
2. Brinjal
3. Turmeric
4. Okra
5. Tomato
2.4)EQUIPMENTS USED: Shovel,rake tool,plow,hoe
etc..

2.5)AREA/Number of grow bags:

1. Turmeric-20 sq ft
2. Chilli-5 grow bags
3. Tomato-3 grow bags
4. Brinjal-5 grow bags
5. Ladiesfinger-4 grow bags
2.6)WEATHER CONDITION PREVAILED:
Extreme rain on some days and sunny days.

2.7)MANURES USED:
• Vegetable waste
• Egg shells
• Vermicompost
• Biogas slurry
• Poultry manure
• Dry leaves
2.8)BASEL APPLICATION :
For basel application cowdung,dry leaves and neem
cake were used.
 2.9)TOP DRESSING:
• Dry leaves and coconut husk were used for top
dressing.
2.10)BIOFERTILIZERS:Cowdung,vermicompost,vegetabl
es waste water, food waste were used.
2.11)BIO SLURRIES:Biogas slurry was used.

2.12)BIO PESTICIDES :Tobacco Decoction, Oil garlic

emulsion were used.
2.13)GROW BAG FILLING: soil mixed with semi dried
cowdung,100g of neem cake added to it and then using
dry leaves and coconut husk top is dressed.A final layer
of soil is added at last.
2.14)PEST MANAGEMENT:
• Using garlic oil emulsion and spraying it upon
the infected leaves.
2.15)DISEASE MANAGEMENT :
• Plucking off the infected parts of the plant.

2.16)CROP DETAILS :
1.GREEN CHILLY
Climate/Weather condition: Chilli crop requires a warm
and humid climate for its best growth and dry weather
during the maturation of fruits .A temperature ranging
from 20 to 25 degree Celsius is ideal for Chilli.
Soil mixture : Composting and certified organic
fertilizer are mixed with soil before sowing the seeds.It
makes the soil warm.
Development:At 6-8 weeks the Chilli plants should be
large enough for transplanting.
Manures used for Chilli plant includes Composting
prepared from crop residues,vermi compost etc
Biofertilizer:slurry
Development: size green chillies develop within 55
days.Chilli crop is ready for harvesting in about 90 days
after transplanting.
Harvesting : About 8-12 can be harvested from one
Chilli plant in the end.

2.BRINJAL
Climate/Weather condition: Brinjal requires a long
warm growing season. Fertile and well drained soul
with plenty of organic matter is suitable for the growth
of this crop.
Development: seedlings are ready for transplanting
within 4-6 weeks of planting.They attain a height of
approximately 14-15cm with 2-3 true leaves.
Manures: cow manure, slurry, vermicompost compost
etc..

3.TURMERIC

Climate: The ideal temparature for the growth of

turmeric is between 20 to 30 degree Celsius .
Warm and humid climate is the best for its growth.
Manures: Vegetable waste water, ccowdung.
Biofertilizer: slurry
Harvesting: After 7-9 months, it can be harvested .

4.LADIES FINGER
Climate: Warm climate,temparature range of 22-35 °c,
seeds are unable to germinate when the temparature
is below 20°c. It cannot tolerate the temparature
above 40°c.
Soil mixture: sandy and clay loan soil, the optimum pH
range of soil should be 6-6.8.

Manures: Biogas slurry,vegetables waste water,poultry

manure.
Development: Flowering begins from 35 to 45 days
after sowing.
Harvesting : can be done from 60- 65 days.

CHAPTER 4.OBSERVATION AND DATA COLLECTION

Seeds(day Number Day of Day of Day of
1) of flowerin fruitin harvestin
branche g g g
s (day
15)
Chilli 2 June 15 June July 5
23
Tomato 2 June 19 June July 19
30
Turmeric - - - August 23
Ladiesfinge 2 June 14 June June 26
r 20
Brinjal 1 June 7 June July 2
21

Cumulative yield in kg
Chilli 1kg Brinjal 1kg
Turmeric - Okra .15kg
Tomato 1kg

Height of plants
Chilli 6 15 38
Turmeric 17 31
Tomato 10.5 21 67
Brinjal 7 16 39
Okra 9 15 31

CHAPTER 4.PHOTOS
• Grow bag preparation
1.Chilli
2.Turmeric

3.Tomato
4.Ladiesfinger

5.Brinjal

CHAPTER 5.COST BENEFIT EXPENDITURE

The expenditure spend for this organic farming are
only for buying products such as growbag,some
manures etc..All the other things required were taken
from the surrounding environment and kitchen.
CHAPTER 6.CONCLUSION
Organic Farming especially of vegetables is gaining
momentum worldwide due to increasing awareness
and concern on adverse effects of indiscriminate use of
chemicals fertilizers and pesticides and
machinery.Conventional methods of farming uses
harmful chemicals which reduces the fertility of the
soil. This healthier and safer way of producing organic
foods is gaining popularity this days that so many
youngsters are using their free time for such
things.Organic farming is an eco-friendly way of using
cheap and unharmful fertilizers and pesticides to
produce organic food.
Turmeric was the most suitable and profitable crop in
my locality.Due to heavy rain many of the other crops
were destroyed or got affected by pests and diseases.

ABSTRACT
This course brought about a very positive change in the
lives of students like us.During the initial days,I
collected seeds from the shops ,the crops that I
selected were green chilli,Brinjal,Turmeric,Tomato and
ladiesfinger. The seeds were kept in water covered in a
cotton cloth for 1-2days.Turmeric was planted to the
soil itself.The Seeds sprout out within one week and all
of them were planted in respective grow bags
prepared by mixing soul with various manures and
cowdung.
Manures and other necessary organic fertilizers were
added periodically. Within days,the crops started
flowering, fruiting and then harvested at last.The good
amount of quality vegetables were more healthier and
safer than those bought from markets.
ജൈവകൃഷി
റിപ്പോർട്ട

By
Nice Joseph
2nd DC BA English Literature
Class no:637
ആമുഖം
കൃഷിസംബന്ധമോയ അറിവുകള ം
ഉതസോഹവും ഉണർത്തോൻ.
ജൈവസംബന്ധമോയ അറിവുകൾ
പ്േടോൻ മഹോത്മോഗോന്ധി
സർവകലോശോല
ബിരുദവിദയോർത്ഥികൾക്കോയി
േടത്തിയ ജൈവകൃഷി (MOOC)
പ്രോൈക്റ്ട വളപര േലല രീതിയിൽ
മുപ്നോട്ട പ്രോകുനു. 15
പ്്ഗോബോഗുകളിലോയി 5 ഇേം
വിത്തുകൾ ഏ്രിൽ മോസം
ആദയആഴ്ചപ്യോപട ഞോൻ കൃഷി
ആരംഭിച്ച . കുടുംബസപ്മതം
കൃഷിയിൽ ഏർപപടോൻ സമയം
കപെത്തി കൂടോപത
മുതിർനവരിൽ േിനട കൂടുതൽ
അറിവുകള ം പ്േടോൻ സോധിച്ച .
സവന്തം വീട് വളപിൽ തപന
ഗുണപ്മന്മയുള്ള രച്ചക്കറികൾ
ലഭിച്ച എനുള്ളത് വളപര
അഭിമോേകരമോയി കോണുനു.
തുടർനട േലല രീതിയിൽ തപന
കൃഷി പചയ്തു േലല രീതിയിൽ
മുപ്നോട് പകോെുപ്രോയോൽ േലല
വിളവുകൾ കിട് പമനട ഉറപോണ്.

പ്രവർത്തനരീതി
ഈ പ്കോവിഡ് കോലപത്ത കൃഷി
രീതി ഞോൻ എന്പറ വീട് വളപിൽ
തപനയോണ് പചയ്തത് പ്കോട്യം
ൈിലലയിപല ആേിക്കോട് എനോ
്രപ്ദശത്തോണ് njn കൃഷി പചയ്തത്.
ഇഞ്ചി, ചീേി, പവെ, ചീര, മഞ്ഞൾ
എനി വിത്തുകളോണ് ഞോൻ
കൃഷിക്കോയി ഉരപ്യോഗിച്ചത്.
ഇതിന്പറപയലലോം വിത്തുകൾ
കൃഷിഭവേിൽ േിനും
വോങ്ങിക്കുകയോയിരുനു. 15
പ്്ഗോബോഗുകളിലോയി ഇവപയലലോം
േട് .
ഞോൻ 15 പ്്ഗോബോഗുകളിലോണ്
േട്പതങ്കിലും രിനീട് പ്വര്
രിടിച്ച വനപ്പോൾ മണ്ണിപ്ലക്കട
മോ്ി േട് .
കാലാവസ്ഥ
അേുകൂലമോയ കോലോവസ്ഥ
ആയിരുനു. കോരയമോയ മഴ
ഉെോയിരുപനങ്കിലും വലയ
േഷ്ടങ്ങപളോനും ഉെോയിലല.
കൃഷിയുരകരണങ്ങൾ
തൂമ്പ, മൺപവട്ി, ഹോൻഡ്സ്‌്രപയർ
എനിവ ആണ് ഉരപ്യോഗിച്ചത്.

ജൈവവളം ഉരയയാഗിച്ചത്
ചകിരിപ്ച്ചോറും, കുമ്മോയവും,
ചോണകവും, പ്കോഴിവളവും
മി്ശിതമോക്കി ആണ് മണ്ണിൽ
പ്ചർത്തുപകോടുത്തു. ആഴ്ചപ്തോറും
വളം ഇട് പകോടുക്കുമോയിരുനു.
അതുപ്രോപല േീം ഓയിൽ സ്‌പ്്ര
പചയ്യ മോയിരുനു.

വവണ്ട
4 പ്്ഗോബോഗുകളിലോയോണ് പവെ
േട്ത് ഇടക്കുളള മഴ കോരണം
പവള്ളം മണ്ണിൽ കുത്തി
േശിച്ച പ്രോയി. എങ്കിലും ബോക്കി 2
പ്്ഗോബോഗുകളിലുള്ള പചടികൾ
ഇപ്പോൾ വളര്നടെട. പവെക്ക
ഇപ്പോഴും പ്്ഗോബോഗിൽ
തപനയോണ് മണ്ണിപ്ലക്കട മോ്ി
േട്ിട്ിലല. ഫലം തനു
തുടങ്ങിയിട് െട കുറച്ച
കറിപവക്കോേും കിട്ി.
ഇഞ്ചി
ഇഞ്ചിയും 4
പ്്ഗോബോഗുകളിലോയോണ് േട്ത്.
ഇഞ്ചി വളപര േലല രീതിയിൽ
വളർനുപകോെിരിക്കുനു മഴ
വപനങ്കിലും ഒരു കുഴപവും
സംഭവിച്ചിലല. ഇഞ്ചി ഇതുവപര
വിളവ് േൽകിയിട്ിലല.
മഞ്ഞൾ
മഞ്ഞള ം 4പ്്ഗോബോഗുകളിലോയോണ്
േട്ത്. ഇതുവപര ഫലം ഒനും
ലഭിച്ചിലല. കുറച്ച തോമസിച്ചോണ്
േട്ത്. പമയ് ആദയ
ആഴ്ചപ്യോടുകൂടിയോണ് േട്ത്.
ചീര

3പ്്ഗോ ബോഗുകളിലോയോണ് േട്ത്.

ചീരക്കട വളപര േലല വിളവ്
ലഭിച്ച . കറിപവക്കോേും േലല
രീതിയിൽ കിട്ി.
ഇവക്കട എലലോത്തിേും എലലോ
ദിവസം പവള്ളവും വളവും
ഇട് പകോടുക്കോറുെട.

രട്ടിക
നീളം
ഇനം 15ദിവ 30 45 60 75 90 105
സം
ചീര 2cm 4c 8c 14c 15c 17c 20c
m m m m m m
വവ 4cm 8c 12c 16c 19c 22c 28c
ണ്ട m m m m m m
ചീനി 4cm 8c 12c 14c 16c 18c 21c
m m m m m m
ഇ 4cm 8c 11c 14c 17c 19c 21c
ഞ്ചി m m m m m m
മ 3cm 8c 11c 13c 15c 17 20c
ഞ്ഞ m m m m m
ൾ

ശിഖരങ്ങളുവെ എണ്ണം
ഇനം 15ദിവ 3 4 6 7 90ദിവ 10
സം 0 5 0 5 സം 5
ചീര 2 4 5 7 9 11 13
വവ 1 2 3 3 4 4 5
ണ്ട
ചീനി 1 3 4 4 5 7 9
ഇ 1 2 3 4 5 7 8
ഞ്ചി
മഞ്ഞ 1 2 3 4 4 5
ൾ
ആദയമായി രൂവിട്ട ദിവസം
ഇനം രൂവിട്ട
തീയതി
മുളക് 20-4-2021
വവണ്ട 4-05-2021
ആദയമായി കായ്ച്ച്ച ദിവസം
ഇനം കായ്ച്ച്ച
ദിവസം
മുളക് 16-05-2021
വവണ്ട 17-05-2021

വിളവവെുത്ത ദിവസം

ഇനം വിളവവെുത്ത
ദിവസം
ചീര 24-05-2021
മുളക് 1-06-2021
വവണ്ട 6-05-2021

രടങ്ങൾ
 ഇഞ്ചി

മുളക്റ ചീര
മഞ്ഞൾ പവെ

വരവും ചിലവും
വിത്തട പ്ശഖരണത്തിൽ തുക
ചിലവോയി. കൃഷിയുരകരങ്ങൾ
വീടിൽ ഉള്ളതുതപനയോണ്
ഉരപ്യോഗിച്ചത്. അതിേു
ചിലപവോനുമുെോയിലല.
പ്്ഗോബോഗുകൾക്കും ചകിരിപ്ച്ചോറ്,
ചോണകം, രിപന പ്കോഴിവളം
എനിവക്കട എലലോം കൂടി തുക
ചിലവോയി അങ്ങപേ ആപക
പമോത്തം തുക പചലവോയത്
1000ആണ്. ചിലവിപേോത്ത വിളവ്
്രതീക്ഷിച്ചതുപ്രോപല ലഭിച്ചിലല.
ചീര യുപട ഇലകൾക്കട കീടശലയം
ലഭിച്ച .എങ്കിലും കുഴപമിലലോപത
അതയോവശയം േലലരീതിയിൽ വിളവ്
ലഭിച്ച .
സംപ്ഗഹം
മഹാത്മാഗാന്ധിയുവെ ജൈവകൃഷി
എനോ പ്രോൈക്റ്ട കൃഷിയിൽ
വളപര തോല്രരയം
ഉളവോകുനതിേു സഹോയിച്ച .
ആപ്രോഗയകരമോയ രച്ചക്കറികൾ
വീട് വളപിൽ തപന
പ്ശകരിക്കുപ്പോൾ അഭിമോേവും
സപ്ന്തോഷവും പ്തോനുനു. 5 ഇേം
രച്ചക്കറികള ം 15 പ്്ഗോബോഗുകളിൽ
േട്ട ഇനട അത് ഫലം തരുപ്പോൾ
ഒരുരോട് സപ്ന്തോഷം പ്തോനുനു.
വീട്ിൽ ഉള്ള എലലോവരും
ഇതിേുപ്വെി ഒരുരോട്
സഹോയിച്ച . ആദയമോയി
പചയ്യ നതിേോൽ രല
പ്രോരോയ്മകള ം ഉെോയിട് െട
എങ്കിലും തുടർനട അപതലലോം
രരിഹരിച്ച ജൈവകൃഷി മുപ്നോട്ട
പകോെുപ്രോകുനതോണ്.
Assumption Autonomous College Chaganacherry

A Report of MOOC

Organic Farming

Submitted by,

Reshma Som
BA English Literature
Roll no. 608
 CONTENTS

• Chapter 1 – Introduction
• Chapter 2 – Materials and Methods
• Chapter 3 – Observations and Data
collection
• Chapter 4 – Photos
• Chapter 5 – Cost benefit Analysis
• Chapter 6 – Conclusion
Chapter 1 – Introduction

Organic farming considers the medium and long term effect of agricultural interventions on the agro-eco
system. It aims to produce food while establishing an ecological balance to prevent soil fertility or pest
problems.

Organic farming ensures the sustainability of food products. Food items are produced organically
using organic fertilizers and pesticides. This process involves the use of biological materials , avoiding
synthetic substances to maintain soil fertility and ecological balance by minimising pollution and
wastage.

Organic farming enables an individual to be independent. Growing vegetables in our own farm helps
to appreciate the value of food and food products. This results in minimilisation of wasting food
products. Organic farming have been promoted all over the world. Especially during the covid times , it
is necessary to produce our own food for basic needs. This helps in reduction of daily expenditures. An
average person spends minimum 100 rupees for buying vegetables and fruits. This expense can be
reduced by the method of organic farming.

Most of the plants sown at my growbag were growing at a healthy basis. Several plants got
destroyed due to the heavy rain. It was a very helpful experience.
Chapter 2 – Materials and Methods

2.1 – Location of college and student.

The organic farming was conducted in my home at Kottayam district. Assumption college is situated in
Changanacherry. My house is situated in Thuruthy in Chaganacherry Taluk. The space situated at the
back of my house was used for farming. My backyard had enough space to put 25 grow bags.

2.2- Crops Selected

For the organic farming 6 types of crops were selected. These seedlings were brought from the
Krishibhavan in our panchayat. The crops used were :

• Long beans
• Spinach
• Okra
• Chilli
• Ash gourd
• Brinjal

2.2.1 – Varieties

The selected crops were of different varieties.

Two varieties of spinach was used:

➢ Red Spinach
➢ Spanish Spinach

➢ Long beans was of the nadan variety.

➢ Chilli was of the Green chilli variety.

2.2.2- Source of seeds or seedlings

Seeds were obtained from the karshakashri magazine. Some seeds were brought from the nearby
Krishibhavan. The Spanish Spinach and Green Chillies were bought as saplings from market..

2.3- Crop Area / No. Of growbags

➢ 25 growbags were used for this project.

➢ The grow bags were bought from the market in Chaganacherry.

2.4 Crop Season

The seeds were sown in the month of April. The climate was suitable for farming. It was summer season
which was suitable for growing crops like chilli , long beans , spinach and ash gourd.

2.5 Weather conditions prevailed

During the month of May , there was heavy rain which resulted in the damage of most of the crops. The
brinjal saplings were fully destroyed. Some of the Red spinach saplings were also destroyed due to the
heavy rain.. Most of the crops faced damage due to the harsh weather condition. Some of the seeds like
okra was again sown in the month of August.

2.6- Agricultural Implements used.

Implements used were

o Hand fork ( mannu manthi )

o Sickel
o Water filling jug
o Basket
o Hand sprayer

2.7 Liming material and quantity

o Calcium carbonate (CaCo3) was used

o 50g for each grow bag.

2.8 Manures

Manure used were cowdung and cocopeat ( chakirri choru)

2.8.2 Bio fertilizers

➢ Cowdung and cocopeat were used for top dressing

➢ Egg shell powder was mixed with the top soil.

✓ Bio fertilizers used – cowdung and organic fertilizer.

Making of the organic fertilizer

▪ Step 1 – Add dry foodwastes like peels of vegetables and fruits, etc in a bucket.
▪ Step 2 – Add dry leaves
▪ Step 3- Add some garden soil and some ashes at the top of the soil so that the foul smell of
wastes can be avoided.
▪ Step 4 – close the bucket and keep it aside for 30 days. After 30 days the organic compost will be
ready for use.

This organic compost was used to provide nutrition to the plants.

2.8.3 Bio slurries

An organic bio slurry was made using vegetable and kitchen waste. All the liquified kitchen waste like
spoiled curry etc , dry food waste like peels of fruits and vegetables excluding food containing citric acid
were kept in a bucket. Starch water was also added to this bio slurry. This slurry had the suffient power
to produce a biogas.

2.9 Bio pesticides

I used organic ingredients for making a pesticide.

▪ Ingredients – Ginger , Chilli and Baking soda

 ▪ Method – crush the ginger and chillies into a paste and put it in a spray bottle.
▪ Add some baking soda to the bottle and add some water.
▪ This solution can be sprayed at the plants to get rid of pesticides.

Other solution which I used as pesticide was starch water .

✓ Another pesticide was tobacco leaf pesticide.

Making of tobacco leaf pesticide

✓ Ingredients – tobacco leaf – ½ kg , bar soap – 120g and water – 4 ½ l
✓ Cut the tobacco leaves into small pieces and soak it in water for one day.
✓ Grate the bar soap and mix it with water mixed with tobacco.
✓ Spray this solution using the spray bottle at the plants to kill the pesticides

2.10 Bio control agents – No bio control agents were used in this project.

2.11 – Any other inputs used

No other inputs were used.

2.12 Crop management

• The grow bag was prepared by mixing cowdung and cocopeat with garden soil and sand. The soil
was levelled using the plough.
• The hand fork was used to loosen the mud and was left to aerate for a day. Conventional tillage
involves turning over the entire plow depth and exposing large quantities of soil organic matter
to oxidation.
• After the preparation of the seedbed , the seeds were sown about 1.5 inches deep , to ensure
proper moisture availability for good seed germination.
• Long beans and spinach sprouted first before the other plants.
• Organic fertilizers and bio slurry were added to the plants once in two weeks to supply nutrients
to the plants.
• The weeds were plucked. Some weeds were allowed to grow along with the plants as it would
destroy the sapling.
• The plants were watered thrice a week.
• Pest problem were managed by using organic pesticides.

2.12.1 Potting mixture preparation

• The materials used for mixture was – garden soil , sand , cocopeat and dry cow dung manure
• Garden soil , sand , cocopeat and cow manure was mixed together under a 1:1:1 ratio.
• After creating a base level , garden soil was added along with some organic compost at the top.
• The texture of the medium was adjusted to create a loose , well drained mixture. Sometimes
sand may feel too gritty. If the potting soil feels too sandy , some peat moss can bd added to the
mixture.
2.12.2 Basal manuring

• Adding manures to crops provide nutrients to the crops.

• Most commonly used manures are animal faeces and organic compost.
• I used cowdung and the organic compost as manures.
• Egg shells were made into a fine powder and was also used as manure.

2.12.4 Grow bag filling

• Before filling the mixture , small holes were put under the grow bag to prevent water clogging in
the bag.
• Loose garden soil , sand , cocopeat ( coconut husk) and dried cow manure was mixed together
under a 1:1:1 ratio.
• The mixture was kept was kept under the sunlight for an hour before filling it in the bag.

2.12.5 Seeding / Planting

• Spanish spinach and green chillies were sown as saplings.

• The rest of the crops – long beans , red spinach , okra , ash gourd , and brinjal were sown as
seeds.
• After letting the soil aerate for 3 days the seeds were sown .
• Each seed was sown about 1.5 inches deep.
• The grow bags were kept in a place where suffient sunlight was available for the plants.

2.12.6 Top dressing

o Organic compost and egg shell powder were added on the top of the soil.

2.12.7 Pest management.

o Numerous challenges were faced regarding pest problems.

o After the flowering of plants , attacks of worms and red ants and leaf miners were increasing.
o The vegetables were often destroyed by these worms and ants.
o To solve this problem organic pesticides was used. It was made using ginger , chillies and
baking soda. A paste was made from ginger and chillies and this was mixed with baking soda
and water and was sprayed .
o Another pesticide that was used was the tobacco leaf pesticide.

2.12.8 Disease Management

• Common diseases that were found was

• Bacterial wilt in chillies
• Anthracnose in red spinach and okra
• Baking soda was sprayed to control mildew and rust diseases in plants.
 • Mild soap solution was also made , to spray at the plants.
• Starch water (kanji vellam) was sprayed , which is useful for getting rid of several insects and
flies.

2.12.9 Water management

❖ The plants were watered using the watering can.

❖ Most of the plants were watered thrice a week.
❖ Some plants like red spinach , Spanish spinach and chillies didn’t need much water. So they
were watered only twice a week.
❖ Some of the plants like brinjal and okra got destroyed due to the heavy rains during the month
of May.

2.12.10 Harvest

❖ Red spinach was harvested after three weeks. Most of the spinach were in good condition.
Some of the leaves were destroyed by insects and pests. Overall it had a good outcome.
❖ Long beans were harvested after four weeks. Most of the beans were long and healthy. Few of
the beans were destroyed by pests.
❖ Green chillies were ready for harvest after 2 months. Most of the chillies were healthy.
❖ Ash gourd has only completed the flowering stage. It hasn’t started fruiting yet.
❖ Spanish spinach was harvested after three weeks. All the leaves were healthy and were in good
condition.
Chapter 3 – Observations and Data Collection

Table no. 1 – Germination / plant stand establishment percent.

Plants Plant stand establishment

percentage.
Long beans 90%
Red Spinach 75%
Spanish Spinach 80%
Green chillies 95%
Okra 70%
Ash gourd 95%

Table no. 2 – Height of plants (cm) [15 days time interval]

Name of plants Height of plants

Long beans 1100 cm

1200cm
5300cm
6400cm

Red Spinach 200cm

500cm
1200cm
1700cm
Spanish Spinach 200cm
650cm
1300m
1600
Green chillies 11cm
14 cm
19.2cm
Okra 200cm
1200cm

Ash gourd 6020cm (60.2m)

6500 cm
7200cm
8300 cm
Table no. 3 – Number of Branches (15 days interval )

Name of plants Number of Branches

(apx)
Long Beans 2 , 7 , 15 , 23 apx

Red Spinach 10, 18, 28, apx

Spanish Spinach 4,10,16 apx

Green chillies 4, 10 , 16 , apx

Okra 3 ,9 ,13 apx

Ash gourd 2 , 6, 11 apx

Table no. 4 – Day of first flowering

Name of plant Day of first flowering

Long beans May 31
Red spinach May 1
Spanish spinach May 3
Green chillies June 19
Ash gourd June 20

Table no. 5 – Day of first fruiting

Name of plant Day of first fruiting

Long beans June 4
Red spinach May 8
Spanish spinach May 10
Green chillies July 2

Table no. 6 – Harvest Days

Name of plants Harvest days

Green chillies July 16
Long beans June 12
Red spinach May 23
 Spanish spinach May 25
Table no. 7 – Number and weight of fruits from each harvest

Name of plant Number of fruits /

weight from each
harvest.
Long beans 2.5 kg
Red Spinach 2kg
Spanish spinach 500g
Green chillies 200 g

Table no. 8 – Cumulative yield ( in kg)

Name of plant No. Of fruits Number of Total yield Average fruit Total
obtained from plants per plant cumulative
each plant. planted yield (in %)
Long beans 11 7 11 ×7 =77 15 ×7 =105 73 %
Red Spinach 20 leaves 5 20 ×5=100 25×5=125 80 %
Spanish 8 leaves 3 8 ×3=24 15×3=45 68 %
spinach
Green chillies 17 3 17×3=51 25×3=75 53.3 %
Chapter 4 – Photos.

4.1 Grow bad preparation and layout

4.2 -Flowering Stage

Long beans
Red Spinach

Green Spinach
Green chillies

Ash gourd
4.3 – Fruiting stage

Long beans

Green chillies
Red spinach

Green Spinach
4.4 – Harvest stage

Long beans
Red Spinach
Spanish spinach
Green chillies
Chapter 5 – Cost Benefit Analysis

The grow bags , cocopeat and cowdung manure were bought from Chaganacherry market. The saplings
and seeds were bought from Krishibhavan. The rest of the agricultural implements like hand sprayer ,
hand fork were also bought from Chaganacherry market. Garden soil and sand was obtained from our
backyard.

• Cost of one growbag = ₹25

• Total number of grow bags = 25
• Total cost of grow bag – 25×25= ₹ 625 /-
• Cost of cocopeat - ₹299
• Cost of cow dung manure - ₹399
• Cost of hand sprayer -₹ 449 /-
• Cost of hand fork - ₹138 /-
• Cost of seeds - ₹30 /-

Total expenditure incurred = 625 + 449 +138 +299 + 399 + 30 = ₹ 1940 /-

No income was obtained from this project. All the products were used for household purposes.
Therefore no income was obtained.
 Chapter 6 – Conclusion

Organic farming teaches us the value of food production. We would be able to produce all the
necessary items for our daily use. Some of the benefits of organic farming are

• It reduces exposure to pesticides and chemicals.

• It supports water conservation
• Organic farming yields are more nutritious and safe.

In our present society most of the youngsters are not interested in farming or
agriculture. They find it boring most of the time. But doing this project made me interested
into farming.

The grow bags , cocopeat and cowdung manure were bought from Chaganacherry
market. The saplings and seeds were bought from Krishibhavan. The rest of the agricultural
implements like hand sprayer , hand fork were also bought from Chaganacherry market.

All the saplings was looked after with utmost care. Seven types of crops were planted varieties of
spinach – Red spinach and Spanish spinach , green chillies , ash gourd , okra ,. Of these only 5 plants
survived. Okra and brinjal were destroyed due to the heavy rain. They were watered twice or thrice a
day. During the rainy season the plants weren’t watered at all. Most of the plants got destroyed due to
the harsh weather condition. The grow bag was filled in 1:1:1 ration of garden soil , sand , cocopeat and
cowdung manure. Weeds were plucked once a week. Fertilizers and biogas slurry was added once a
week to provide nourishment to plants.

Numerous challenges were faced during this project. Pests and diseases were controlled using
organic pesticides like tobacco leaf pesticide, and ginger chilli spray. Starch water and baking soda was
also sprayed to kill the pesticides and to prevent further attack of diseases. From the remaining five
crops , ash gourd still hasn’t produced a fruit yet. The rest of the crops were harvested successfully. The
farming yield / outcome was satisfactory. Most of the crops produced good yield. The total expenditure
was almost ₹ 1940 /-. No income was received through this project.
…………… The End …………….
MG University Project

MOOC on Organic Farming

Organic farming Project

Report

Submitted by
Treesa Joseph
618
1st DC BA
English
Assumption College,Changanacherry
Chapter:1
Introduction

Organic farming is a holistic production management system that promotes

and enhances agro-ecosystem health including biodiversity and biological
cycles.Organic farming uses fewer pesticides and reduces soil erosion.The aim
of this MOOC course is to promote awareness among the younger generations
and to encourage them to participate in organic farming.Organic farming does
not include the use of any artificial additives that can cause serious health
issues if consumed.Organic farming helps to protect animal welfare and
health.It builds healthy soil.It supports water conservation and water health.

The online organic farming classes commenced on 9th of April.The students of

di erent colleges under the MG University are involved in this project.The
intention of this program is to make the students aware of the importance of
organic farming in daily lives.It helps the students to learn the need for self
su ciency.It also enables them to use their time productively.

Chapter 2: Materials and Methods

Location of college: Assumption college, Changanacherry. Location of

student:Kadayanikadu,
Manimala.

Crops selected

● Lady's finger
● Brinjal
● Ginger
● Turmeric
● Elephant yam

Varieties
Variety of lady's finger cultivated :padmini
Variety of brinjal cultivated:
Azad Kranthi
Variety of Ginger cultivated:
Common ginger
Variety of Turmeric cultivated:
Suvarna
Variety of elephant yam cultivated:
Sree padma

Source of
Seed/Seedlings

The source of seed/seedlings is nearby agricultural o ce.

Area/number of grow bags

The number of growbags used is 25.

Crop season
Turmeric is a kharif crop which grows well in hot and humid climate.
Elephant yam is also a kharif crop.
Ginger is a herbaceous perennial crop.
Rabi season is best for brinjal.But it can be grown in the plains.
Lady's finger can be grown in kharif season.

Weather condition
Weather condition prevailed was rainy days and sunny days with average
atmospheric temperature.

Agricultural implements and equipments used

Agricultural implements and equipments used are
grape hoe,spade,basket,
shovel and watering can.

Liming Material and Quantity

The liming material used is hydrated lime and quicklime.10g of each is added
to all the grow bags.

Manures
The manures used were cowdung,slurry from biogas plants,rock
phosphates,kitchen waste
,compost and food waste.The biofertilizers used were Rhizobium and
mycorrhiza.Ground nut cake was also used as a biofertilizer.

Biopesticides
Canola oil and baking
soda were the biopesticides used.

Biocontrol Agents
Wasps and beetles were used as biocontrol agents.

Crop Management
Crop rotation and intercropping was used for crop management.Soil
testing,record keeping,proper water and irrigation management proved
helpful.

Potting Mixture
Preparation
I filled the growbags three by fourth with cowdung and soil.I planted 5
di erent types of crops
-lady's finger,brinjal,
ginger, elephant yam and
turmeric.

Liming
The liming material used was hydrated lime and quick lime.
Basal Manuring
Cowdung was used as basal manuring. The growbags were filled with cowdung
and soil.

Grow bag filling

I filled the growbags three by fourth with soil and cowdung.

Seeding/Planting
I planted brinjal, turmeric, elephant yam, lady's finger and ginger.

Pest Management
Biopesticides like neem oil and neem based pesticides were used.

Disease Management
Neem oil and cow urine were used in controlling diseases in crops.

Water Management
Rain water harvesting was used to preserve water.This water was used to
irrigate crops.There was no scarcity of water.Availability of rain water proved
helpful.

Harvest
The crops were harvested during the july season.All crops in reasonable
amount was harvested.

Observations and data collections

Table 1:
Germination or plant stand establishment percent

Crops Germinated
1.Elephant yam 70-80%

2.Turmeric 60-70%

3.Ginger 80-90%

4.Brinjal 90-95%

5.Lady's finger 85%

Table 2:
Height of plants in cm(15 days interval)

Days 30/4/'21 15/5/'21 30/5/'21 14/6/'21

1.Elephant 6 14 24 55
yam

2.Turmeric 4 15 22 50

3.Ginger 3 12 26 45

4.Brinjal 5 13 19 30

5.Lady's 6 18 27 42
finger

Table 3:
No.of branches(15 days interval)

Days 30/4/'21 15/5/'21 30/5/'21 14/6/'21 29/6/'21

1.Elephant 1 2 4 5 7
yam

2.Turmeric 1 2 3 6 8

3.Ginger 1 2 3 4 5
4.Brinjal 1 2 3 5 6

5.Lady's 1 2 4 6 7
finger

Table 4:
Day of first flowering

Crops Day of first flowering

1.Elephant yam 17/6/'21

2.Turmeric 10/6/'21

3.Ginger 12/6/'21

4.Brinjal 23/5/'21

5.Lady's finger 28/5/'21

Table 5:
Day of first fruiting

Crops Day of first fruiting

1.Elephant yam 26/6/'21

2.Turmeric 20/6/'21

3.Ginger 23/6/'21

4.Brinjal 3/6/'21

5.Lady's finger 2/6/'21

Table 6:
Harvested days

Crops Harvested days

1.Elephant yam 29/6/'21

2.Turmeric 25/6/'21

3.Ginger 29/6/'21

4.Brinjal 10/6/'21

5.Lady's finger 8/6/'21

Table 7:
Weight of fruits from each harvest

Crops Weight

1.Elephant yam 2 kg

2.Turmeric 1 kg

3.Ginger 1 kg

4.Brinjal 1 kg

5.Lady's finger 2 kg

Table 8:
Cumulative yield

Crops Cumulative yield

1.Elephant yam 2 kg
2.Turmeric 1 kg

3.Ginger 1 kg

4.Brinjal 1 kg

5.Lady's finger 2 kg

Photos
Cost Benefit Analysis
The seeds or seedlings selected for cultivation cost Rs.150.The 25 growbags
cost Rs.450.
Other expenses were the cost of fertilisers and pesticides which cost almost
Rs.150.The income obtained was Rs.500.

Conclusion
The crops which proved profitable and suitable for this season and locality was
turmeric,ginger and elephant yam.The climate was favourable for the growth
of these crops.So it thrived in this season.There was no scarcity of water.Plenty
of water was available.The availability of water made the growth of these crops
easy.

Abstract
I planted di erent crops like elephant yam, lady's finger,brinjal,turmeric and
ginger.The crops suitable for the season was elephant yam,ginger and
turmeric.
Certain agricultural tools and implements were used and biofertilizers and
biopesticides were used.By organic farming I was able to cultivate these crops
without the poison content.I am extremely happy and satisfied by this project.

Submitted by
Treesa Joseph
618
BA English
 SEMESTER 1 – PROJECT REPORT
MASSIVE ONLINE OPEN COURSE (MOOC)
IN
ORGANIC FARMING
Submitted to
MAHATMA GANDHI UNIVERSITY
KOTTAYAM

Name of Student : ARDHRA MURALI

Register No: 20011016
Name of the programme : BCOM CA
Department : COMMERCE
ASSUMPTION COLLEGE (Autonomous)
Changanassery, Kerala
2021
CHAPTER 1 : INTRODUCTION
MOOC stands for ‘Massive Open Online course’ (term originated in US in
2008).

Mahatma Gandhi University introduced MOOC on organic farming as a

project for first year students . understand the importance of organic farming
and to produce food while establishing an ecological balance .

I’m Ardhra Murali , 1 year BCOM Computer Application of Assumption

college, Changanassery (Autonomous ) . And I’m presenting this report to
explain the output I have received from organic farming.

CHAPTER 2: MATERIALS AND METHODS

CROPS SELECTED :

1. Green chilli
2. Amaranthus
3. Brinjal
4. Elephant yam
5. Colocasia
6. Banana

SOURCE OF SEEDS / SEEDLINGS :

Seeds/seedlings used for farming was from different sources. Seeds
of Amaranthus , green chilli and brinjal were given by Krishibhavan
whereas seedlings of banana , elephant yam and colocasia were from
Nursery .

AREA OR NO . OF GROWBAGS:
 The crops used for cultivation was planted in my home itself , they
were planted in the backyard of my house. We used approximately
100 square metres of land for planting amaranthus , elephant yam ,
colocasia , banana and brinjal . green chilli was planted in growbags .
They all received direct sunlight which means about 6-8 hours a day
since sunlight is really essential for the growth of vegetables .
The heavy rainfall also affected my crops badly .

MANURE

Since chicken manure has very high nitrogen content which is needed
for all plants , it was used .
Dried cow dung was also used in addition to the chicken manure .
It was easily obtained from uur neighbourhood as they have cows and
hens with no cost .
Also bio waste from kitchen was also used for nourishment .

BIO-PESTICIDES :

Bio-pesticides are used for better yield and pest control .

The following bio-pesticides were used :

• Neem oil - it acts as both fungicide and pesticide . it works on arthropod

pests that often eat vegetables and controls common fungi that
grow on vegetable plants . Neem oil was bought from shop .
• Tobacco decoction - It controls aphids and soft bodied insects that
infests vegetable crops . it was prepared in our home .

Preparation :

By stepping 500 g of tobacco in 4.5 litres of water for 24 hours .

Dissolve 120g of ordinary bar soap separately in another vessel .
Then the soap solution and mixed thoroughly . dilute this stock
solution by adding 6-7 times more water before spraying .
 LAND PREPARTION :
As mentioned earlier , about 100 sq.m was used for farming .
Amaranthus was planted in a bed formation after ploughing for 2-3
times . used a shovel to tum the soil around so the top soil is in the
bottom .

Broke apart large clods dirt , until all of the soil had similar size and
consistency . The soil was loosened using a garden hoe .

Weeds were removed . The pH of the soil was checked and found that it was
4.5 . so lime was mixed to control pH .

Green chilly was planted in growbags in which pebbles were lined to

aid draining .
Well drained soil with pH 6.5 – 7.5 is good for brinjal
Elephant yam , Banana snd colocasia were planted conveniently ..
SEEDLING OR PLANTING

Amaranthus , green chilli , brinjal , Elephant yam , Banana and

colocasia were the crops 1 planted .

Amaranthus was sowed for bed formation . after 1 week , seeds

sprouted and the stem was elongated with space in between .
Water was sprayed regularly . After 2 Weeks , watering was done in
alternative days . After 3 Weeks , the Amaranthus was ready to
harvesting .

In the case of brinjal cultivation , After 2-3 Weeks of sowing , seeds

germinated . Seedlings were spaced about 1.5 – 2 ft apart .
Took optimum care while transplanting as it might affect it’s growth .
The plant started to fruit After 3-4 months .

Green chilli was planted in the Growbags and was watered frequently .
Elephant yam , Colocasia and Banana saplings were planted on the
ground and watered daily . they didn’t need much Care .

CHAPTER 3: PHOTOS
 CHAPTER 4 : COST - BENEFIT
ANALYSIS
All the crops I cultivated were benefitting . it was not at all profit motive .

Even though we encountered rainfalls and winds , we were able to yield

pure organic vegetables at home .

A course of Amaranthus was used and distributed to our neighbourhood.

Green chilli grew and produced a great amount of yield and still yielding .

We could harvest brinjal also in a better produce .

Banana could also be harvested as it was planted about 10 months back.

We couldn’t harvest Elephant yam and colocasia since they are long- term
crops.

During the process, we managed to bring great effect in different stages of

growth .

Manures were given from our neighbourhood. Bio –waste was available which
helped the growth of these plants .

This was cost relatively really low and was effective too .

CHAPTER 5 :CONCLUSIONS
In conclusion ,vegetable gardening is a rewarding activity that produce fresh
and healthy vegetables from your backyard straight to the kitchen .

During this pandemic , we could use these pesticide - free pure vegetables
that adds to the health of all members of the family .

It is high time that all should grow an organic vegetable garden for the sake of
themselves as well as the upcoming generations .this project should be
introduced to schools and from there to homes. Not only the yields we get
from the garden , but also it helps us mentally to forget all our pains and
sufferings through engaging in framing .

Let’s eat pesticide free farm fresh veggies from our own home and be healthy
forever.

ABSTRACT

Organic farming is a modern and sustainable form of agriculture that

provides consumers fresh natural farm products . It’s objective is to use
techniques to improve crop fields without harming the natural environment.

In this project , I tried to assess the reliance , relevance and the effect of
organic farming on management of balancing . This project aimed on
relying on local and easily available resources , economic efficiency and
economic aims , long term security to yield biodiversity , ecological aims ,
functioning of ecosystems , stability , social aims , self – provided workforce
, fulfilling local needs or at least that members of the family . The need for
vegetable garden in our own home is really high . I believe that may project
would encourage others also to cultivate vegetables for themselves.

******
 TOPIC:
Organic
Farming

BCOM COMPUTER APPLICATION

1504

NAME: ANSU MERIN ABRAHAM

INDEX
Serial Topic Page No.
no
1 Introduction 3-4
2 Materials and 5-9
Methods
3 Observations 10-13
and Data
Collection
4 Photos 14-20
5 Cost benefit 21
analysis
6 Conclusion 21-22
7 Abstract 22
Introduction

Organic Farming is an agricultural system

that uses fertilizers of organic origin such
as compost manure, green manure, and
bone manure and places emphasis on
techniques such as crop rotation and
companion planting. It originated early in
20th century in reaction to rapidly changing
farming practices.
Advantages of organic farming

1. No more genetically modified

organisms
2. Soil protection
3. Better nutrition
4. Healthy working environment
around farms
5. Resistance to pests and diseases
6. Fertilizers are made naturally and on
site
7. Opportunity to grow variety of
crops
8. Climate friendly
9. For the future
MATERIALS AND METHODS

CROPS SELECTED
1. Spinach
2. Peas
3. Brinjal
4. Green chilli
5. Lady’s finger

SOURCES OF SEEDS/SEEDLING
Seeds/seedlings used for planting were
collected from home. I collected the seeds
of spinach, green chilli, peas, lady’s finger
and brinjal from our front yard
AREA AND NO. OF GROWBAGS
USED
All of the five growbags were planted in
the front yard of my house, where it was
possible to receive six to eight hours of
sunlight. All were planted in grow bags. In
total, 7 grow bags were used.

CROP SEASON
1. Spinach: Spinach is sown
throughout the year.
2. Peas: Sowing time for pea seeds are
dependent on the area of cultivation.
3. Brinjal: Brinjal can be grown in any
season . In rainy season- June and July.
4. Green chilli: It is a tropical and
sub-tropical plant that requires a blend
of warm, humid or dry .
5. Lady’s finger: It is an important
vegetable crop of India.

WEATHER CONDITION
1. Spinach: It grows well during sunny
and spring season at an average
temperature of 10°C to 20 °C.
2. Peas: They grow best when
temperature stays below 70°C.
3. Brinjal: Daily mean temperature of
13°C to 21°C is most favorable for its
successful production.
4. Green chilli: Temperature between
20°C to 25°C is perfect for the growth
of chilli.
5. Lady’s finger: Temperature range
of 22°C to 35°C for its growth.
SOURCE OF MANURE
Vegetables compost was mostly used as it
is the best for organic farming. I could
obtain it at home. Cow dung was used and
laid on for the growth of plants. Ash
remains were also used when the leaves
were damaged due to worms.

PROCESS
• Land preparation
Firstly, sand was ploughed into the grow
bag. A mix of cow dung was applied to the
ploughed soil. Proper spacing was done to
ensure the healthy growth of the crops.
 • Seeding
Peas were soaked in the water and then
sowed directly into the prepared soil.
Spinach, green chilli, brinjal and lady’s
finger were all directly sowed to the soil.

• Water management
All require water on its daily basis.

• Harvest
The plants I sowed were harvested
frequently.
OBSERVATION AND DATA
COLLECTION

1. HEIGHT OF PLANT
Name of crop No.
Spinach 2¾ f
Peas -
Brinjal 1½ f
Green chilli 2½ f
Lady’s Finger 1¾ f

2. NO. OF BRANCHES
Name of crop No.
Spinach 8
Peas -
Brinjal 3
Green chilli 3
Lady’s Finger -
3. SEEDS
Name of crop No.
Spinach 5( out of 10 )
Peas 5( out of 10 )
Brinjal 2(out of 5)
Green chilli 3( out of 7 )
Lady’s Finger 4

4. DAY OF FIRST FLOWERING

Name of crop Date
Spinach -
Peas 1 June
Brinjal 29 July
Green chilli 10 August
Lady’s Finger 5 August
5. DAY OF FIRST FRUITING
Name of crop Date
Spinach -
Peas 15 June
Brinjal 5 August
Green chilli 24 August
Lady’s Finger 15 August

6. HARVEST DAYS
Name of crop Date
Spinach 20 May
Peas 20 June
Brinjal 30 August
Green chilli 30 August
Lady’s Finger 30 August
7. WEIGHT OF FRUITS
Name of crop Weight No.
Spinach - -
Peas 1 kg 4 Bundle
Brinjal 2 kg 1 bundle
Green chilli 1 kg 3 bundle
Lady’s Finger - -
PHOTOS
Spinach

Peas
Brinjal
Green Chilli
Lady’s Finger
HARVEST
COST BENEFIT ANALYSIS
There weren’t much expenses that incurred as
most of the items used were available at our
home . The crops I cultivated were beneficial
for my house . Though I encountered minor
issues , due to the heavy rain , we were able to
yield better than expected . During this
pandemic , we could consume these
vegetables , without any chemical usage , with
very limited expenses .

CONCLUSION
Organic farming is a productive activity which
produce fresh and healthier vegetables. It
yields more nutritious and safe produce .
From this project , I could study and
understand so many aspects of farming
through organic farming .The current
generation should indulge in organic farming
as it is more sustainable and environmental
friendly for us and our future .

ABSTRACT
Through Organic Farming , the Massive
Open Online Classes ( MOOC) aims for a
healthy environment and to inform students
about the value of growing plants .
The objective of this task is to investigate and
know more about the malfunctioned
maintenance of our soil and crop production .
MAHATMA GANDHI UNIVERSITY
MOOC on
ORGANIC FARMING

JELIN ANN REJI

B.COM COMPUTER APPLICATION
1507

1
 INDEX

S.NO. TOPICS PAGE NO.

1. Chapter 1:- Introduction 3

2. Chapter 2:- Materials and Methods 5

3. Chapter 3:- Observations and Data Collection 12

4. Chapter 4:- Photos 16

5. Chapter 5:- Cost Benefit Analysis 24

6. Chapter 6:- Conclusion 26

7. Abstract 28

2
 CHAPTER – 1
INTRODUCTION

3
 INTRODUCTION
Organic farming has engrossed much attention in current decades as a
way to maintain farming production. At the same time, it has played an
important role in dealing with the environmental harms rooted in
traditional agricultural techniques. Organic farming not only produces
fine and healthy food products but also improves the fertility and quality
of soil.

Organic farming is a production scheme, which mainly prohibits or

avoids the utilization of artificial pesticides, fertilizers, livestock feed
additives, and growth regulators. Organic farming is environmental
friendly ecosystem management in which use of all kinds of synthetic
input is eliminated.
Organic farming is a production system that sustains the health of
soils, ecosystems and people. It relies on ecological processes,
biodiversity and cycles adapted to local conditions, rather than the use of
inputs with adverse effects. Organic farming combines tradition,
innovation and science to benefit the shared environment and promote
fair relationships and a good quality of life for all involved in the
environment.

4
 CHAPTER – 2
MATERIALS AND METHODS

5
 MATERIALS AND METHODS
1) Location of college and student:
College: Assumption College, Changanassery.
Student: Elanthoor, Valiyavettom, Pathanamthitta.
2) Crops selected:
2.1) Varieties:

 Vegetables: Green Chilly, Brinjal, Lady’s Finger

 Aromatic: Ginger
 Potato: Taro Root
2.2 ) Source of seedlings:
Krishi Bhavan, Omalloor, Pathanamthitta
3) No. of grow bags:
9 grow bags were used.

4) Crop season:
 Green Chilly:
Chillies can be grown both as Kharif and Rabi crop. In
addition they are also planted at other times. Sowing months
are May to June for Kharif crop, September to October for
Rabi crops. If they are grown as summer crops then January-
February months are chosen.
 Brinjal:
The brinjal can be grown around the year, the main sowing
being done during July to August.

6
  Lady’s Finger:
It is grown in kharif (June-August) and Zaid (January-March)
season. It is grown in tropical and sub-tropical region.

 Ginger:
The crop duration is generally around 8-10 months.

 Taro Root:
Taro root can be grown throughout the year in frost-free
weather conditions. Taro crop thrives well in warm, moist
conditions.

5) Weather condition:
 Green Chilly:
Chillies grow best in warm and humid conditions. The ideal
temperature for growing green chilly is somewhere between
22-25°C.
 Brinjal:
Brinjal is a warm season crop and requires a long warm
growing season. A daily mean temperature of 13-21oC is
most favourable for its successful production.
 Lady’s Finger:
Lady’s finger requires warm climate throughout its growing
period because it cannot bear cold climatic conditions. It
requires temperature range of 22-35°C for its best growth.
Rainy season is essential for its successful growth. Seeds are
unable to germinate when the temperature is below 20°C.

7
  Ginger:
Ginger requires warm climate, a moderate rainfall showers
during the growing period, and dry weather with a
temperature of 28°C to 30°C.
 Taro Root:
Taro crop thrives well in warm, moist conditions. Evenly
distributed rainfall is ideal for its proper growth and
cultivation. In drought or dry, low-rainfall areas, one should
provide supplemental irrigation. Best growth can be expected
at 25°C to 35°C.
6) Equipments used:
Basket, pitchfork, rake, trowel, spray bottle, etc.
7) Liming material and quantity:
A small quantity of ashes, salt, neem cake and bone manure were
used.
8) Manures:
 Basal application:
A mix of sheep manure, neem cake, dry leaves compost, cow
dung, bone manure, 8*8 manure, egg shells, porridge water
and ashes was added to the ploughed soil.
 Top dressing:
Dry leaves compost, bone manure, neem cake, ashes and egg
shells was applied.
 Bio-fertilizers:
Fresh sheep manure, cow dung and egg shells was applied.
 Bio slurries:
Kitchen wastes, sheep manure and cow dung was applied.

8
9) Bio pesticides:
Mix of porridge water, papaya leaves and neem leaves was
sprayed to brinjal, chilly and lady’s finger plants.
10)Any other inputs used:
Mixture of porridge water, neem leaves and papaya leaves liquid was
sprayed on leaves to control insects and ants.
11) Crop management:
 Land preparation:
 Firstly, ploughed the field very well.
 Bushes, roots and weeds were removed.
 Small stones and rocks were removed.
 Cow dung cakes, neem cakes, ash powder and bone
manure were applied and mixed well with the soil.
 Liming:
A small quantity of ashes, salt and bone manure were
used.
 Basal manuring:
A mix of sheep manure, neem cake, dry leaves compost,
water and ashes was added to the ploughed soil.
 Grow bag filling:
Mixed loose soil with cow dung cakes, neem cakes, coconut
husk, ash powder, bone manure and dry leaves. This will be
the base mixture in the bag. Keep the mixture under sunlight
for an hour before filling it in the bag. To this mix, add bone
manure and neem cake powder to increase the quality of
fertilizer.

9
 Seeding/ planting:
 Seeds of transplanted crops like lady’s finger, brinjal
and green chilly were soaked in water for 6 hours and
was sown in paper cups. After these seeds sprouted
then I planted it into grow bags with soil well mixed
with cow dung cakes, neem cakes, coconut husk, ash
powder, bone manure and dry leaves.
 Ginger and taro root: A small piece of ginger and a
piece of taro root was directly planted into the well
ploughed soil.
 Top dressing:
Dry leaves compost, bone manure, neem cake, ashes and egg
shells was applied on top of the soil.
 Pest management:
Mix of porridge water, papaya leaves and neem leaves was
sprayed to brinjal, chilly and lady’s finger plants and
removing of weeds.
 Disease management:
Mix of porridge water, papaya leaves and neem leaves was
sprayed to brinjal , chilly and lady’s finger plants.
 Water management: Well water was used for all purposes.
 Green chilly, brinjal and lady’s finger requires watering
on daily basis.
 Ginger and taro root requires gentle amount of water.
Excess water leads to decaying of ginger and taro root.
 Harvest:
Brinjal, green chilly and lady’s finger can be harvested
frequently.
Ginger and taro root can be harvested within 8 to 10 months.

10
11
 CHAPTER – 3
OBSERVATIONS AND DATA COLLECTION

12
 OBSERVATIONS AND DATA COLLECTION
Table.1. Germination / plant stand establishment percent.
CROP NAME NO.
Green Chilly 6(out of 10)
Brinjal 5(out of 10)
Lady’s Finger 4(out of 6)
Ginger 23(out of 25)

Taro Root 7(out of 12)

Table.2. Height of plants in cm. (15 days interval)

CROP 5/5/21 20/5/21 4/6/21 19/6/21 4/7/21 19/7/21 3/8/21 18/8/21
NAME

Green - 1 5 9 12 18 23 29
chilly

Brinjal - 5 15 26 35 47 58 70
Lady’s - 2 7 12 16 20 25 30
Finger

Ginger - 4 7 15 18 22 27 30
Taro - 3 7 13 20 27 38 46
Root

13
Table.3. No. of branches (15 days interval)
CROP 5/5/21 20/5/21 4/6/21 19/6/21 4/7/21 19/7/21 3/8/21 18/8/21
NAME
Green - 1 3 6 8 9 10 15
Chilly
Brinjal - 2 7 12 13 16 20 24
Lady’s - 2 4 4 5 6 7 9
Finger
Ginger - 1 2 2 3 4 5 6
Taro - 1 2 2 3 3 4 4
Root

Table.4.Day of first flowering (Days After Sowing/ planting)

CROP NAME DATE
Green Chilly 26/8/21
Brinjal 29/7/21
Lady’s Finger 6/8/21
Ginger -
Taro Root -

Table.5. Day of first fruiting (Days After Sowing/ planting)

CROP NAME DATE
Green Chilly 2/9/21
Brinjal 3/8/21
Lady’s Finger 10/8/21
Ginger -
Taro Root -

14
Table.6. Harvest days (Days After Sowing/ planting)
CROP NAME DATE
Green Chilly -
Brinjal 17/8/21
Lady’s Finger 14/8/21
Ginger -
Taro Root -

Table.7. No. and weight of fruits from each harvest

CROP NAME NUMBER WEIGHT
Green Chilly - -
Brinjal 10 500gm
Lady’s Finger 7 200gm
Ginger - -
Taro Root - -

Table.8. Cumulative Yield (kg)

CROP NAME KG

Brinjal 500gm

Lady’s Finger 200gm

15
CHAPTER – 4
PHOTOS

16
PHOTOS
GREEN CHILLY

17
18
BRINJAL

19
20
LADY’S FINGER

21
GINGER

22
TARO ROOT

23
 CHAPTER – 5
COST BENEFIT ANALYSIS

24
 COST BENEFIT ANALYSIS
Growing our own food is a healthy way to save money and enjoy fresh
and pesticide-free products at home. However, it takes time and patience
for the plants to grow and be fruitful. So that now we cannot predict the
cost benefits of the vegetables, but it has been used for our home
purposes. A small outlay of money was spend to buy seeds, fertilizers,
tools, grow bags and other equipments that was required for the organic
farming. The cost occurred for the farming was almost ₹900 (including
transportation expenses).

25
CHAPTER – 6
CONCLUSION

26
 CONCLUSION
Organic farming yields more nutritious and safe food. The popularity of
organic farming is growing as consumer seeks the organic foods that are
thought to be healthier and safer in this pandemic. Thus, organic farming
perhaps ensures food safety. The organic farming process is more eco-
friendly than conventional farming. Organic farming keeps soil healthy
and maintains environment integrity thereby, promoting the health of
consumers. The primary goal of organic farming is to optimize the
health and productivity of interdependent communities of soil life,
plants, animals and people.
By doing organic farming we get fresh and healthy vegetables. We also
get vegetables for our own self-sufficiency. It makes us healthier and
was like an exercise for our body. It also helps us to refresh our mind
and be calm. It is the best way of kitchen waste management and
composting the kitchen waste reduces the need for water as kitchen
waste has enough moisture. It also helps in water management.
I can say that organic farming is a very good and productive habit. Also,
it helped me to establish a connection with the greenery and love
towards nature. An organic farming is a great opportunity for growing
organic vegetables.

27
 ABSTRACT
Growing our own food is a healthy way and enjoy fresh and pesticide-
free products at home. However, it takes time and patience for the plants
to grow. A small outlay of money was spend to buy seeds, fertilizers,
tools and other equipments that were required for the organic farming.

As a part of MOOC project I have started my organic farming on 5th

MAY, 2021. For farming I took green chilly, brinjal, lady’s finger,
ginger and taro root. In the beginning bushes, roots and weeds were
removed. Then ploughed the field very well. Small stones and rocks
were removed. Cow dung cakes, neem cakes, ash powder and bone
manure were applied and mixed well with the soil. Seeds of transplanted
crops like lady’s finger, brinjal and green chilly were soaked in water for
6 hours and was sown in paper cups. After these seeds sprouted then I
planted it into grow bags with soil well mixed with cow dung cakes,
neem cakes, coconut husk, ash powder, bone manure and dry leaves.
Ginger and taro root were directly sown into the soil and covered with
top soil and dry leaves. A small quantity of ashes, salt and bone manure
were used.
Green chilly, brinjal and lady’s finger requires watering on daily basis.
Ginger and taro root requires gentle amount of water. Excess water leads
to decaying of ginger and taro root. Brinjal, green chilly and lady’s
finger can be harvested frequently. The first harvesting of brinjal was on
17/8/21 and lady’s finger harvesting was on 14/8/21, but green chilly
had just started to bud on 26/8/21 so harvesting was not yet been done.
Ginger and taro root can be harvested within 8 to 10 months. About 5-6
hours plants were kept under sunlight. Some of the plants that I planted
was damaged and lost some flowers due to heavy rain and wind. And
also some fruits were also destroyed by insects.

28
By being a part of MOOC project I am really happy to say that this
project has helped me to gain more knowledge about organic farming. I
had a good experience and also enjoyed doing this project. It also helped
me to refresh my mind and be calm by staying and sparing some time in
nature. I can say that organic farming is a very good and productive
habit. Also, it helped me to establish a connection with the greenery and
show my love towards nature. An organic farming is a great opportunity
for growing organic vegetables and also have a good connection with
nature.

29
 ORGANIC FARMING

By

Name of Student: Ann Susan Jacob

Name of the Programme: BCom
Computer Application
Roll Number: 1490
Department: Commerce
 ABSTRACT

It is a matter of fact that modern agriculture is based on the use of high yielding varieties of

seeds, chemical fertilizer, irrigation water, pesticides etc. to satisfy the ever-growing demand

for food grains not only to fulfil the problem of food security but also to earn foreign exchange

at the cost of environmental quality which cannot be sustainable in future because of the

adverse changes being caused to the environment and ecosystem. Thus, widespread

environmental degradation, severe poverty around the globe and the burning concerns about

achieving and maintaining a good quality of life were the principal factors for taking interest

in intergenerational equity, about access to natural resources. As best agricultural land has

already been farmed and the region has exceeded the safe limit, primarily in Asia, the natural

resources available for further farming expansion is practically exhausted. So, the necessity of

having an alternative agriculture method that can be functioned in a friendly Ecosystem while

sustaining and increasing productivity is talk of the day among not only agricultural scientists

but also even common men - Organic farming is recognized as the best-known alternative. It

is economically feasible to practice when the farmers can get a premium price for their product.

The cost of cultivation will be reduced by not depending upon the purchased off-farm inputs.

The low productivity in the transition stage needs research activities at the national and

international levels. Organic farming is not the only revival to the farming community, it also

revival to the consumers to lead a “Healthy and Happy life”. So, a paradigm shift to Organic

farming is the need of the day to enhance the quality of life.

 CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

Food quality and safety are two vital factors that have attained constant attention in common

people. Growing environmental awareness and several food hazards (e.g., dioxins, bovine

spongiform encephalopathy, and bacterial contamination) have substantially decreased the

consumer’s trust towards food quality in the last decades. Intensive conventional farming can

add contamination to the food chain. For these reasons, consumers are quested for safer and

better foods that are produced more ecologically and authentically by local systems.

Organically grown food and food products are believed to meet these demands

(Rembialkowska, 2007).

In recent years, organic farming as a cultivation process is gaining increasing popularity.

Organically grown foods have become one of the best choices for both consumers and farmers.

Organically grown foods are part of a go green lifestyle. But the question is that what is meant

by organic farming? (Chopra et al., 2013).

The term ‘organic’ was first coined by Northbourne, in 1940, in his book entitled ‘Look to the

Land’.

Northbourne stated that ‘the farm itself should have biological completeness; it must be a

living entity; it must be a unit which has within itself a balanced organic life’ (Northbourne,

2003). Northbourne also defined organic farming as ‘an ecological production management

system that promotes and enhances biodiversity, biological cycles and soil biological activity.
 According to Winter and Davis (2006), ‘it is based on minimal use of off-farm inputs and

on management practices that restore, maintain and enhance ecological harmony.

They mentioned that organic produce is not grown with synthetic pesticides, antibiotics, growth

hormones, application of genetic modification techniques (such as genetically modified crops),

sewage sludge, or chemical fertilizers.

Whereas, conventional farming is the cultivation process where synthetic pesticides and

chemical fertilizers are applied to gain higher crop yield and profit. In conventional farming,

synthetic pesticides and chemicals can eliminate insects, weeds, and pests and growth factors

such as synthetic hormones and fertilizers increase the growth rate (Worthington, 2001).

As synthetically produced pesticides and chemical fertilizers are utilized in conventional

farming, consumption of conventionally grown foods is discouraged, and for these reasons, the

popularity of organic farming is increasing gradually.

In this project, we are using the organic farming method of cultivation to observe the rate of

growing and yield produced compared to conventional farming and then we analyse the total

expenditure and profit that we got from organic farming.

 CHAPTER II

MATERIALS AND METHOD

2.1 Location of College and Student

Both college and the house of the student are located in Kottayam district of Kerala. The

land is mostly covered with red soil.

2.2 Crops Selected

The seedlings of 5 varieties of crops collected from VFPCK Plant Nursery. The crops selected

for this project were:

1. Tomatoes

2. Snake Beans

3. Red Amaranth

4. Brinjal

5. Chillies

2.3 Area Cultivated or Number of Grow Bags

All the crops except tomatoes planted in a total of 25 grow bags and tomatoes potted in 15

hanging pots
2.4 Crop Season

The crops planted during the beginning of summer around the first week of April which is the

ideal season for growing the selected crops. Then around the first week of June, the monsoon

season started. So, the planting season wearied from one to another. They thrived throughout

the seasons

2.5 Weather Conditions Prevailed

The weather was quite unstable. The temperature ranged from 24℃ to 30℃. It started with hot

summer then due to the cyclone, heavy rain started. The wind speed reached up to 60km/hr.

now due to the monsoon, a light sprinkle of rain is observed

2.6 Agricultural Implements and Equipment’s Used

The equipment’s and implements used for gardening are:

i. Handheld trowel

ii. Poly grow bag

iii. Pruning Shear

iv. Hose and Watering can

v. Spade

vi. Hand weeder

vii. Hoe

Hand Trowel: A trowel is a small hand tool used for digging, applying, smoothing, or moving

small amounts of viscous or particulate material.

Poly Growbag: It is a large plastic bag filled with a growing medium and used for growing

plants, usually salad crops. Various nutrients are added, sufficient for one season's growth, so

frequently only planting and watering are required of the end-user.

Pruning Shears: also called hand pruners, or secateurs, are a type of scissors for use on plants.

They are strong enough to prune hard branches of trees and shrubs, sometimes up to two

centimetres thick

Hose and Watering Cans: Watering cans are good for containers, especially on balconies and

roofs with no hose spigot. Hand watering with a gentle spray from a hose is good for small

areas and gives you a chance to pay close attention to your plants.

Spade: It is a tool primarily for digging, comprising a blade. It's typically stunted and less

curved than that of a shovel with and a long handle

Hand Weeder: It is used for removing weeds in vegetable gardens, basins of orchard trees and

Vineyard plantations. It is also used for breaking the soil crust and creation soil mulch.

Hoe: It is used for shaping the soil includes piling soil around the base of plants (hilling),

digging narrow furrows (drills) and shallow trenches for planting seeds or bulbs.
2.7 Liming material and Quantity

The liming material used is Dolomitic limestone. It is garden grade calcium and magnesium

carbonates. it raises the pH level of acidic soil by which helps plants to absorb the basic

nutrients that are locked up in the soil.

The soil is tested using a home test kit. Most garden plants prefer a pH range of 6.0-6.5. Add

2kg of dolomites to a 100 sq. ft. of garden space for every 1 point that is needed to raise the pH

of the soil.

2.8 Manures Used

i. Basal Application: leaf moulds, Coco peat, Vermicompost and Cow dung are used for

basal application

ii. Top Dressing: Compost is used as a top dressing

iii. Bio-fertilizers Used: Bone meal, Neem Cake is used as biofertilizers

iv. Bio Slurries: Groundnut cake is mixed with water to make a slurry and fermented rice

water is used as bio-slurry

v. Bio Pesticides: Neem oil, baking soda and Beauveria bassiana are used as bio-pesticides

vi. Biocontrol Agent: Verticillium lacanii and Pseudomonas fluorescens are used as

biocontrol agents

vii. Waste Decomposer (WDC): It contains beneficial microorganisms from Desi Cow

Dung for Soil Health Reviver. It can control all types of soil-borne, foliar diseases,

insects and pests as a plant protection agent. Its application can eliminate up to 90% of

uses of all types of pesticides, fungicides, and insecticides since it controls both root
 diseases and shoots diseases. It can also be used as foliar spray Made by using the

technology developed by the National Centre of Organic Farming, NCOF, Govt. Of

India. It is used by mixing 1 bottle of WDC to 200 litres of water 2kg of jaggery. Then

the solution is kept for a week and is mixed properly 2-3 times a day. After a week we

can use the solution to spray or even water the crops by mixing it with water in a 1:3

ratio.

2.9 Crop Management

Liming:

Two weeks before setting out seedlings, the weeds and other debris are removed then the

dolomite is spread evenly over the soil in the proportion of 2kg/sq. ft. Using a spade worked

the dolomite into the top 7 inches of soil and watered thoroughly so that the dolomite begins to

leach into the surrounding soil. The soil is then allowed to dry under the sun for 2 weeks before

it is mixed with the potting mixture and transferred to a poly grow bag

Potting Mixture Preparations:

As part of soil prep, after liming the soil and letting it dry for 2 weeks under the sunlight, the

potting mixture was prepared by mixing equal parts of good quality river sand, red earth soil

and cocopeat.

Basal Manuring:

The prepared potting mixture is then mixed with Vermicompost, Bone meal, Neem cake and

Cow dung
Grow Bag Filling:

The grow bag is opened and checked for holes at the base, if not a hole is made using a pointed

object or soldering iron. The base of the grow Bag is first covered with leaf moulds and weeds

then the prepared potting mixture is added up to ¾ of the grow bag.

Planting the Seedling:

Since the seedling was leggy a hole deeper than normal holes for planting a seedling were taken

with a hand trowel to compensate for the extra length. During the transplantation of the seedling

from the potting tray, the roots are dipped in the pseudomonas solution to prevent root rot.

Top Dressing:

The compost is used as a top dressing. It is added to the soil once two weeks and the top layer

of the soil is loosened so that the compost easily goes down into the soil after watering

Pest Management:

i. there were no pests observed in red amaranth since it got destroyed in the storm

ii. Mites, Aphids and Leaf folders were observed in Snake Beans. Neem oil emulsion was

sprayed every part of the plant to aphides and leaf folder. For mites, the affected parts

were removed and Beauveria fungus solution was sprayed

iii. Stalk borers were observed in tomato plants. The destroyed stalks were removed and

Neem oil emulsion was sprayed on every part of the plant

iv. Leaf miners were observed in brinjal. As pesticide Neem oil emulsion were used
Disease Management:

i. Halo blights were observed in Snake Beans. Pruned stake plant parts with a disinfected

pruning shear

ii. Stunted growth disease observed in chilli. To revive the plant fermented rice water is

used and sprinkled some ashes

Water Management:

the watering was done by both hose and water can. The watering was done either in the morning

or evening. In summer, the plants were watered twice a day. In monsoon, the plants were

watered once a day. On storm days, only plants that were kept under the shades were watered.

Harvest:

i. The red amaranth got destroyed before harvesting

ii. The snake beans haven't reached the harvesting stage yet

iii. The chillies were harvested for 1 time

iv. The tomatoes haven't reached the harvesting stage yet

v. The brinjals were harvested 2 times

Despite planting all the crops at the same time, its seen that the harvesting time differs for

different crops
 CHAPTER III

OBSERVATION AND DATA COLLECTION

3.1 GERMINATION AND PLANT STAND ESTABLISHMENT

Since the crop was bought as a seedling the rate of germination per unit area can’t be calculated.

All the crops that were planted in grow bags survived except Red Amaranth

3.2 HEIGHT OF PLANT IN CENTIMETER

HEIGHT OF PLANT AFTER TRANSPLANTING THE SEEDLING

(15 days interval)
CROPS (Cm)

15 DAYS 45 DAYS 60 DAYS 75 DAYS 90 DAYS

Tomato 35 cm 58 cm 76 cm 93 cm 121 cm

Brinjal 37 cm 49 cm 63 cm 78 cm 91 cm

Chilli 20 cm 29 cm 32 cm 48 cm 56 cm

Snake Beans 45 cm Since the plant was a climber and it spread all over the fence, couldn’t

record the height of the plant

Red Amaranth 20 cm Couldn’t record the height of the plant as it got destroyed in the storm
3.3 NUMBER OF BRANCHES

NUMBER OF BRANCHES (15 DAYS INTERVAL)

CROPS
15 DAYS 45 DAYS 60 DAYS 75 DAYS 90 DAYS

2 2 3 5 5
Tomato Branches Branches Branches Branches Branches

0 1 3 3 5
Brinjal Branches Branches Branches Branches Branches

0 1 1 3 3
Chilli Branches Branches Branches Branches Branches

Since it’s a climber and was spread all around the fence, couldn’t count the number
Snake Beans of branches

0 Since the plant got destroyed in the storm, couldn’t count the
Red Amaranth number of branches
Branches

3.4 DAY OF FIRST FLOWERING

DAY OF FIRST FLOWERING AFTER

CROPS
TRANSPLANTING THE SEEDLING

60 Days
Tomato

55 Days
Brinjal

70 Days
Chilli

85 days
Snake Beans

_
Red Amaranth
3.5 DAYS OF FIRST FRUITING

DAY OF FIRST FRUITING AFTER

CROPS
TRANSPLANTING THE SEEDLING

62nd Day
Tomato

58th Day
Brinjal

71st Day
Chilli

86th Day
Snake Beans

_
Red Amaranth

3.6 HARVEST DAYS

HARVEST DAYS AFTER

CROPS
TRANSPLANTING

Haven’t reached the harvesting stage

Tomato

65th Day And 82nd Day

Brinjal

88Th Day
Chilli

Haven’t reached the harvesting stage

Snake Beans

_
Red Amaranth
3.7 NUMBER AND WEIGHT OF FRUITS FROM EACH HARVEST

NUMBER AND WEIGHT OF FRUITS

CROPS
FROM EACH HARVEST

Haven’t reached the harvesting stage

Tomato

2 Nos. (200 gm) and 4 Nos (350 gm)

Brinjal

33 Nos (100 gm)

Chilli

Haven’t reached the harvesting stage

Snake Beans

_
Red Amaranth

3.8 CUMILATIVE YIELD

CUMILATIVE YIELD
CROPS
(Kg)

Haven’t reached the harvesting stage

Tomato

0.75 Kg
Brinjal

0.1 Kg
Chilli

Haven’t reached the harvesting stage

Snake Beans

_
Red Amaranth
 CHAPTER IV

PHOTOS

4.1 Grow Bag Preparation and Layout

4.2 Flowering Stage
4.3 Fruiting Stage
4.4 Harvest
 CHAPTER V
COST-BENEFIT ANALYSIS

The total expenditure of this project is Rs. 1850/-. Till now we cultivated 750 gm brinjal and
100 gm chillies, which in the market is for Rs. 90 /- in total. We used the cultivated
vegetables for household purposes. As the crops are not fully cultivated, we cannot say if it’s
a profitable way of cultivation or not. But it is a beneficial way of cultivation for both our
physical and mental health.
 CONCLUSION

Since the harvesting is not completely done, the project is incomplete. So, we cannot conclude
but organic farming yields more nutritious and safe food. The popularity of organic food is
growing dramatically as consumer seeks the organic foods that are thought to be healthier and
safer. Thus, organic food perhaps ensures food safety from farm to plate. The organic farming
process is more eco-friendly than conventional farming. Organic farming keeps soil healthy
and maintains environmental integrity thereby, promoting the health of consumers. Moreover,
the organic produce market is now the fastest-growing market all over the world including
India. Organic agriculture promotes the health of consumers of a nation, the ecological health
of a nation, and the economic growth of a nation by income generation holistically. India, at
present, is the world’s largest organic producer and with this vision, we can conclude that
encouraging organic farming in India can build a nutritionally, ecologically, and economically
healthy nation someday.
 SEMESTER 1- PROJECT REPORT

MASSIVE ONLINE OPEN COURSE (MOOC)

IN ORGANIC FARMING

Submitted To
MAHATMA GANDHI UNIVERSITY
KOTTAYAM
NAME OF STUDENT : APARNA. A
REGISTER NUMBER : 20011709
NAME OF THE PROGRAMME : BACHELOR OF COMPUTER APPLICATION
DEPARTMENT : COMPTER SCIENCE
 INTRODUCTION
This report is based on MOOC online course called ‘Organic Farming’. Organic agriculture
is one among the broad spectrum of production methods that are supportive of the
environment. Agriculture remains the key sector of the economic development for most
developing countries. It is critically important for ensure food security, alleviating poverty
and conserving the vital natural resources that the world’s present and future
generations will be entirely dependent upon their survival and well-being.

To grow healthy food we must start with healthy soil. If we treat the soil with harmful
pesticides and chemicals we may end up with soil that cannot thrive on its own. Natural
cultivation practices are far better than chemical soil management. A large nine-year
study by USDA Agricultural Research Service (ARS), shows that organic farming builds
up organic soil matter better than conventional no-till farming.
 MATERIALS AND METHODS
 Location of College: Changanassery town in Kottayam district

 Location of Student: Pampady town in Kottayam district. I used my surroundings of home.

 Crops selected
• Ginger
• Turmeric
• Elephant yam
• Taro
• Chilies

 Source of seeds/seedlings

Seeds/seedlings used for planting was from different sources. Some seeds are from my grandparents, some
from Krishibhavan.
 Area/ no. of grow bags
Ginger in 50cms, Turmeric in 10cms, Elephant yam in 15cents, Colocasia in 5cents and
chilies in two grow bags.
 Weather conditions prevailed
Everything was well- planted and cared enough that their yield was better than expected. All
the factors contributed to their yield. Even though, after the first course the rest of chilies was
destroyed with the heavy rainfall.
 Agricultural implements and equipment's used
Mostly hand agricultural equipment's are used such as trowel, spade, rake, lawn rake,
grape hoe, panga etc..
 Manures
Dried cow dung was mostly used, I obtained it from my home itself because we have
cows. It helps the plant to provide nutrients needed for healthy growth of greens. Along with it,
bio-waste are also used.
Some fertilizers such as Potash, 18-18-18 mixture is used.
 Basal applications

Cow dung along with lime and coco peat (from brother’s coco peat business) are used before sowing.
Uniformly distribute manures over the plants and mix well.

 Top dressing
Cow dung and dried leaves are used.

 Bio slurries
Cow urine is used.

 Bio- fertilizers
Potash, 18-18-18 mixture are used.

 Bio-pesticides
Starch is sometimes used.
 Land preparation/ potting mixture preparation

Clearing & weeding the field, pre-irrigation, tilling, harrowing, land levelling.

 Basal manuring

Soil mixed with dung, food waste, coco-peat etc..

 Grow bag filling

Soil mixed with dry leaves, dung and coco-peat.

 Seeding/Planting

Seeds are collected then put it in normal water for 1hr, then planted in soil and grow bags.

 Top Dressing

It is done with dry leaves.

 Pest Management
 Placed wooden traps(Rodent control)
 Used garlic and rice water

 Disease Management
 Used bio-fertilizers
 Used disease free seeds
 Good sanitation

 Control pests and insects

 Water Management
If it is sunny day, the crop is irrigated by pipe water. If it is rainy day, uses rain water.

 Harvest
The crops are watched frequently, when it reaches harvesting stage it was harvested.
 OBSERVATION & DATA COLLECTION
 Germination/Plant Stand Establishment Percent

Germination Plant stand establishment

(100%)
Ginger 71%

Turmeric 80%

Elephant Yam 85%

Taro 85%

Chilies 80%
 Height Of Plants In cm (15 days interval)

15 days
interval
Elephant
Ginger Turmeric Taro Chilies
Yam
Plants

15 days 2.5cm 15cm 0cm 5cm 12cm

30 days 10cm 28cm 15cm 14cm 38cm

45 days 13cm 33cm 28cm 26cm 66cm

60 days 17cm 46cm 44cm 38cm 79cm

 No. Of Branches (15 days interval)

15 days
interval
Elephant
Ginger Turmeric Taro Chilies
Yam
Plants
0 branch 1 branch 0 branch 0 branch 0 branch
15 days
2 branches 3 branches 0 branches 0 branches 4 branches
30 days
4 branches 5 branches 0 branches 0 branches 7 branches
45 days
6 branches 7 branches 0 branches 0 branches 15 branches
60 days
 Day Of First Flowering (Days After Sowing/Planting)
Name of Plants Day of Flowering
Ginger 2 months
Turmeric 2 ½ month
Elephant Yam Unknown
Taro 184th day
Chilies 45th day
Day Of First Fruiting (Days After Sowing/Planting)

Name Of Plants Day Of Fruiting

Ginger 7 month
Turmeric 5 month
Elephant Yam Unknown
Taro Unknown
Chilies 20th day
 Harvest Days (Days after Sowing/Planting)
Name of plants Harvest days
Ginger 210th day
Turmeric 120th day
Elephant Yam 240th day
Taro 200th day
Chilies 75th day

 No. & Weight Of Fruits From Each Harvest

Name Of Plants Weight Of Fruit

Ginger 1kg
Turmeric 3kg
Elephant Yam 7kg
Taro 750gm
Chilies 75gm
 PHOTOS
 Ginger
 Turmeric
 Elephant Yam
 Taro
 Chilies
 COST BENEFIT ANALYSIS

All the crops I cultivated was benefitting. The whole thing was
supposed for homely purposes. Due to heavy rainfall some of the
crops were destroyed.
Chilies, Turmeric, Elephant Yam, Taro was growing successfully, but
for ginger it was a slow process.
Cost for manure, pesticides and coco-peat was affordable. During
this pandemic, we could use these vegetables without any chemical
usage and definitely, it adds to the health of all members.
 CONCLUSION
MOOC are the latest addition to field of distance learning and becoming an
important part of modern education system. It is a very good initiative
taken by MG University for promoting organic farming in the students.
In the online hour of studies courses like this bring some peaceful and
enjoyable hours to the students. I had tried my level best to make this
course useful engage myself in organic farming during my leisure hours.
It also develops a skill in the students for organic farming. It is very useful
in these days were we are in the midst of chemicals.

“TO PLANT A GARDEN IS TO BELIVE IN TOMORROW”

If you want COCO-PEAT : http://www.palmpeats.com/ or
www.palmpeats.com
Whatsapp Number : 9495666017
മഹാ ാ ഗാ ി യൂണിേവ ി ി

േ പാജ ് റിേ ാർ ് ഓൺ

MOOC ON ORGANIC FARMING

സമർ ി ു ത്

ഹരിത വിജയൻ

Reg No: 20011711

ഒ ാം വർഷം ബി സി എ

അസംപ്ഷൻ േകാേളജ് ച നാേ രി

MAHATMA GANDHI
UNIVERSITY
MOOC on ORGANIC FARMING
PROJECT REPORT

Submitted by,
Anitta Kurian
BCA Department
Assumption College Changanassery
 1. ആമുഖം
കൃഷിയിൽ രാസവസ്‌തുക്കളുടെ ഉപയയാഗം ആളുകൾക്ക്
എടെല്ാം യേൊൻ ആകുടെന്നത് കണ്ടു പലടരയും ആകർഷിച്ചു.
വിളവ് വർദ്ധിച്ചു. തുെക്കത്തിൽ െണ്ണ് ആയരാഗയകരൊയിരുന്നു.
രസവളങ്ങളാൽ ഉണ്ടാകുന്ന എടെങ്കിലും യകെുപാെുകൾ
ടരെദ്ധിക്കടെട്ടിരുന്നില്.കാർഷികരംഗത്തഒരു വിപ്ലവൊയി
കണക്കാക്കടെട്ടതിോൽ ഈ സായങ്കതികവിദ്യ യലാകടെമ്പാെും
വയാപിച്ചു. രാസകീെോെിേികൾ ഒഴിവാക്കിയുള്ള
കൃഷിയാണ് ഇന്ന് കാലഘട്ടത്തിന്ടെ ആവെയം. െേുഷയേും
രപകൃതിയുൊയുള്ള അെുെത്തിന്ടെ അഥവാ
സ്‌യേഹപൂർണ്ണൊയ ടകാെുക്കൽ വാങ്ങലാണ് കൃഷി.
സൂരയന്യെയും െണ്ണിന്യെയും ജലത്തിന്യെയും
സസയത്തിന്യെയും ധർമ്മടെടെന്ന് കർഷകൻ
തിരിച്ചെിയുന്നിെത്ത് കൃഷി എളുെൊകുന്നു. വളടര
ലളിതവും അയതസെയം ജീവത്തുൊയ ചില അെിവുകളാണ്
വിഷരഹിത കൃഷിയിൽ ആവെയൊയത്. പരമ്പരാഗതൊയി
ആർജിടച്ചെുത്ത അെിവുകളും ൊസ്‌രതീയൊയ
കൃഷിരീതികളും സെഞ്ജസൊയി യചർക്കുന്നിെത്ത്
െണ്ണിന്യെയും വിളയുയെയും സുസ്ഥിര അഭിവൃദ്ധി.ജജവ
കീെോെിേികൾ, കയമ്പാസ്റ്റ്, പച്ചില വളങ്ങൾ, ഇെവിള കൃഷി,
യാരെിക േെീൽ തുെങ്ങിയവടയ ആരെയിക്കുന്നതും
രാസവളങ്ങളും, കൃരതിെ രാസ കീെോെിേികളും തീർത്തും
ഒഴിവാക്കിയുള്ളതും ടചെിവളർച്ചാ േിയരെണ വസ്‌തുക്കൾ,
കന്നുകാലി തീറ്റകളിൽ യചർക്കുന്ന രാസപദ്ാർഥങ്ങൾ,
ജജവൊറ്റം വരുത്തിയ വിത്തുകൾ എന്നീ രീതികൾ
ഉപയയാഗിക്കാടതയും േെത്തടെെുന്ന കൃഷി രീതിടയയാണ്
ജജവകൃഷി. ജജവകൃഷി ഒരു സായങ്കതികതയാണ്, അതിൽ
സസയങ്ങളുടെ കൃഷിയും രപകൃതിദ്ത്തൊയ രീതിയിൽ െൃഗങ്ങടള
വളർത്തലും ഉൾടെെുന്നു. െണ്ണിന്ടെ ഫലഭൂയിഷ്ഠതയും
പാരിസ്ഥിതിക സെുലിതാവസ്ഥയും േിലേിർത്താൻ കൃരതിെ
പദ്ാർത്ഥങ്ങൾ ഒഴിവാക്കിടകാണ്ട് െലിേീകരണവും
പാഴാക്കലും കുെയ്ക്ക്കുന്നതിേു ജജവ വസ്‌തുക്കളുടെ
ഉപയയാഗം ഈ രപരകിയയിൽ ഉൾടെെുന്നു. െണ്ണിന്ടെ
ജീവജാലങ്ങൾ, സസയങ്ങൾ, കന്നുകാലികൾ, ആളുകൾ
എന്നിവയുൾടെടെ കാർഷിക-ആവാസവയവസ്ഥയിടല വിവിധ
സെൂഹങ്ങളുടെ ഉൽപാദ്േക്ഷെതയും ഫിറ്റ്േസും ഒപ്റ്റ്റിജെസ്‌
ടചയ്യുന്നതിോയി രൂപകൽെേ ടചയ്ക്ത ഒരു സെരഗ
സംവിധാേൊണ് ജജവ ഉത്പാദ്േം. ജജവ ഉൽപാദ്േത്തിന്ടെ
രപധാേ ലക്ഷയം സുസ്ഥിരവും പരിസ്ഥിതിയുൊയി
യയാജിക്കുന്നതുൊയ സംരംഭങ്ങൾ വികസിെിക്കുക എന്നതാണ്.
ടൊത്തം കാർഷിയകാൽെന്നങ്ങളിൽ ജജവ
കൃഷിയുൽെന്നങ്ങളുടെ െതൊേം വളടര
കുെവാണ്.െണ്ണിന്ടെയും െേുഷയന്ടെയും
ആവാസവയവസ്ഥയുയെയും ആയരാഗയം േിലേിർത്തുന്ന ഒരു
ഉല്പാദ്േ രീതിയാണ് ജജവ കൃഷിരീതി.
യദ്ാഷഫലങ്ങളുണ്ടാക്കുന്ന യചരുവകൾ ഉപയയാഗിക്കുന്നതിന്
പകരം പരിസ്ഥിതിയുയെ സവാഭാവിക രപരകിയകൾ,ജജവ
ജവവിദ്ധയം, ചംരകെണം തുെങ്ങിയ രപായദ്െിക
അവസ്ഥകൾക്ക് അേുരൂപൊയതിടേ ൊരതയെ ഈ കൃഷി
രീതി ആരെയിക്കുന്നുള്ളൂ. പരമ്പരാഗത രീതികളും പുത്തൻ
കണ്ടടത്തലുകളും ൊസ്‌രതീയ രീതികളും
സംയയാജിെിച്ചുടകാണ്ട് പരിസ്ഥിതിയിടല
എല്ാവിഭാഗത്തിേും ഉപകാരടെെും വിധത്തിൽ
പാരിസ്ഥിതിക ബന്ധവും ഉന്നത േിലവാരത്തിലുള്ള
ജീവിതവും ഈ കൃഷിരീതി യരപാത്സാഹിെിക്കുന്നു..

പുതിയ തലെുെ കൃഷിയിൽ േിന്നും പുെകിയലക്ക്

ൊെി േിൽക്കുന്ന ഈ കാലഘട്ടത്തിൽ, വിദ്യാർത്ഥികളിൽ
ജജവകൃഷിയുടെ താൽപരയം വളർത്തിടയെുക്കുക എന്നത്
വളടരയധികം രപാധാേയെർഹിക്കുന്ന ഒരു കാരയൊണ്.
െഹാത്മാഗാന്ധി യൂണിയവഴ്സറ്റി േെത്തുന്ന ജജവകൃഷി:
അെിവും പഠേവും എന്ന ഓൺജലൻ യകാഴ്സിന്ടെ ഭാഗൊയി
സവെൊയി ഒരു ജജവകൃഷിയത്താട്ടം വികസിെിടച്ചെുക്കാൻ
വിദ്യാർത്ഥികൾക്ക് കഴിഞ്ഞു.

2.Materials and methods

2.1 കൃഷിക്കായി തിരഞ്ഞെടുത്ത പ്രേപ്േശം

ഇെുക്കി ജില്യിടല ചക്കുപള്ളം

രഗാെപഞ്ചായത്തിടല ആൊംജെൽ.

2.2 കൃഷിക്കായി തിരഞ്ഞെടുത്ത വിളകൾ

• കുറ്റിപയർ
• ടവണ്ട
• വഴുതേങ്ങ
• ചീര
• െുളക്

2.2.1 എല്ാം ോെൻ ഇേങ്ങൾ

2.2.2 വിത്തുകൾ യെഖരിച്ച സ്ഥലങ്ങൾ

 • കൃഷിഭവൻ
• അയൽ വീെുകളിൽ േിന്ന്

2.3 ജജവകൃഷി േെത്തുന്നത്തിോയി 20 യരഗാബാഗുകൾ ആണ്

തിരടഞ്ഞെുത്തത്.

2.4 ജൈവകൃഷി നടത്തിയ സീസൺ

ഏരപിൽ രണ്ടാംവാരം െുതൽ ഓഗസ്റ്റ് വയരയാണ് കൃഷി

േെത്തിയത്.

2.5 കൃഷി നടത്തഞ്ഞെട്ട മാസങ്ങളിഞ്ഞെ കാൊവസ്ഥ

2.6 കൃഷിക്കായി ഉപയയാഗിച്ച ആയുധങ്ങൾ

• വാക്കത്തി
• തൂമ്പാ
• കുട്ട
• കരണ്ടി
2.7 കയഷിക്ക് ഉേപ്യാഗിച്ച വളങ്ങൾ

• ചാണകം
• വിളാവെിഷ്ടങ്ങൾ
• കഞ്ഞി ടവള്ളം
• ചാരം
• കെല പിണ്ണാക്ക്

2.8.1 പ്േയ്സൽ അപ്ലിപ്ക്കഷൻ

കൃഷിക്ക് ആവെയൊയ െണ്ണ് തയ്യാൊക്കുന്ന സെയത്ത് െണ്ണ്

േന്നായി കിളച്ചു അെിവളം ആയി ഉണങ്ങിയ
ചാണകടൊെി ,എല്ുടപാെി ഒരു ടചെിക്ക് 100 രഗാം എന്ന
കണക്കിൽ യവെിൻ പിണ്ണാക്കും യചർത്തിരുന്നു.

2.8.2 പ്ടാപ് രരസ്സിങ്ങ്

വിത്തുെുളച്ചതിേു യെഷം വളർച്ചയുടെ വിവിധ ഘട്ടങ്ങളിൽ

ചാണകം െണ്ണിൽ യചർത്തു.ടചെി വളർന്നു ഒരു രണ്ടു-െൂന്നു
ആഴ്ചക്ക് യെഷം കെല പിണ്ണാക്ക് ടകാെുത്തിരുന്നു. ടചെി
ഒന്നിന് 50-100 രഗാം , കുെച്ചു യവെിൻ പിണ്ണാക്ക് യചർത്ത്
ടചെിയുടെ ചുവട്ടിൽ േിന്നും ഒരെി ൊെി െണ്ണ് ൊറ്റി ഇട്ടു
ടകാെുത്തു. പയെിേു ടചയ്യാവുന്ന ഏറ്റവും െികച്ച വളം
ആണിത്.

2.9ജൈവകിടനാശിനികൾ

• യസാെു ടവള്ളം
• യവടെണ്ണ
• യവെിൻ പിണ്ണാക്ക്

2.10 വിള േരിോെനം

കൃഷിക്കുയവണ്ടി െണ്ണ് ഒരുക്കിയത് െുതൽ വിളവ്
എെുെുവടരയുള്ള കാലഘട്ടത്തിൽ േെത്തിയ വിവിധ
പരിപാലേ െുെകൾ

2.10.1 പ്ോട്ടിങ്ങ് മിക്സ്ചർ തയ്യാറാക്കൽ

യപാട്ടിങ്ങ് െിക്സ്‌ചർ തയ്യാൊക്കുന്നതിോയി െണ്ണ് േന്നായി

കിളച്ചു അെിവളം ആയി ഉണങ്ങിയ ചാണകടൊെി
,എല്ുടപാെിയും യചർത്തിരുന്നു. ടചെിയ യതാതിൽ ടവള്ളം
തളിച്ച് ടകാെുക്കുകയും ടചയ്ക്തു.

2.10.2 പ്രഗാോഗ് തയ്യാറാക്കൽ

യരഗാബാഗ് തയ്യാൊക്കുന്നതിോയി തയ്യാൊക്കി വച്ച

യപാട്ടിങ്ങ് െിക്സ്‌ചെും യവെിൻപിണ്ണാക്കും ആണ്
ഉപയയാഗിച്ചത്. 20 യരഗാ ബാഗുകളിൽ ഇവ രണ്ടും
ഓയരാന്നായി യചർത്ത് സംയയാജിെിച്ചു യെഷം കുെച്ചു
ടവള്ളവും ഒഴിച്ചു.

2.10.3 വിതക്കെും നടീെും

ചീര, ചീേി, വഴുതേ എന്നിവയുടെ വിത്തുകൾ െുളപിച്ച്
േൊൻ പാകത്തിേുള്ള ജതകൾ വളർത്തിടയെുക്കുന്നതിയായി 3
യരഗാ ബാഗുകളിലായി വിതച്ചു. ടവണ്ട, കുറ്റിപയർ
എന്നിവയുടെ വിത്തുകൾ 2 വീതം 5 യരഗാ ബാഗുകളിലായി
വിതച്ചു. ബാക്കിയുള്ള യരഗാ ബാഗുകൾ ജതകൾ പെിച്ച്
േെോയി ൊറ്റിവച്ചു. ജതകൾ പാകൊയ യെഷം ജതകൾ പെിച്ച്
േട്ടു.
2.10.4 പ്ടാപ് രരസ്സിങ്ങ്
വളർച്ചയുടെ വിവിധ ഘട്ടങ്ങളിൽ വിളകളുടെ
ആയരാഗയകരൊയ വളർച്ചയ്ക്ക്ക് കഞ്ഞി ടവള്ളം, ചാണകം
എന്നിവ വിവിധ ഇെയവളകളിൽ േൽകി. കൂൊടത
വിളാവെിഷ്ടങ്ങൾ , െറ്റ് ഇലകൾ െണ്ണിൽ അഴുക്ക
യചരുന്നതിോയി ഇട്ട് ടകാെുത്തു.

2.10.5 കീടപ്രാഗ നീയരരണമാർഗങ്ങൾ

രപധാോൊയും യേരിട്ട യരപശ്േം പുഴുയക്കട് ആയിരുന്നു.
ഇത് തെയുന്നതിോയി യസാെു ടവള്ളം തളിക്കുകയാണ്
ടചയ്ക്തത്. പിടന്ന ഇലകളിൽ ഉണ്ടായ leaf miner േിയരെിക്കാൻ
യവെണ്ണ തളിക്കുകയും ഇലകൾ പെിച്ചു കളയുകയും ടചയ്ക്തു.

തണ്ട് തുരെൻ ആണ് ടവണ്ടടയ

ആരകെിക്കുന്ന രപധാേ കീെം. യവെിൻ പിണ്ണാക്ക് 24
െണിക്കൂർ ടവള്ളത്തിലിട്ട് ചീയിച്ച െിരെിതം ഇരട്ടി ടവള്ളം
യചർന്ന് കീെോെിേിയായി ഉപയയാഗിച്ചു. രണ്ടാഴ്ച്ച
കൂെുയമ്പാൾ ഈ രപയയാഗം േെത്തിയിരുന്നും. കൂൊടത
യവെിൻ പിണ്ണാക്ക് ടപാെിച്ചത് തെത്തിൽ ഇെയ്ക്ക്കിടെ
വിതെുകയും ടചയതിരുന്നു.

2.10.6 വാട്ടർ മാപ്നജ്ഞ്ഞമന്റ്

എരപിൽ ൊസത്തിൽ രാവിടലയും ജവകുയന്നരവും
ടവള്ളം ഒഴിക്കാെുണ്ടായിരുന്നു. ടെയ്ക് , ജൂൺ ൊസത്തിൽ
െഴയുള്ള ദ്ിവസങ്ങളിൽ ടവള്ളം ഒഴിച്ചിരുന്നില്. ജൂജല,
ആഗസ്റ്റ് ൊസങ്ങളിലും ടചെിയ രീതിയിൽ െഴ
ലഭിച്ചിരുന്നതിോൽ അതേുസരിച്ചു ടവള്ളം
ഒഴിക്കാെുണ്ടായിരുന്നു.

2.11 വിളഞ്ഞവടുെ്
• ടെയ്ക് 25 േു ചീരയുടെ ആദ്യവിളടവെുെ് േെത്തി.
• ജൂൺ ആദ്യവാരം കുറ്റിപയെിന്ടെ ആദ്യ വിളടവെുെ്
േെന്നു 5 പയർ ആണ് ലഭിച്ചത്.
• ജൂൺ 27 ടവണ്ട, വഴുതേ എന്നിവയുടെ വിളടവെുെ്
േെന്നു.( 3 ടവണ്ട, 1 വഴുതേ )
• ജൂൺ 28 കുറ്റി പയർ, ചീര എന്നിവയുടെ വിളവ്
എെുത്തു.( 200 gm ചീരയും 8 പയെും )
• ജൂജല രണ്ടാംവാരം ടവണ്ടയുടെ വിളടവെുത്തു.( 4
എണ്ണം).
• ജൂജല 10, 23 തിയ്യതികളിൽ വഴുതേ, പയർ, െുളക്
എന്നിവയുടെ വിളടവെുെു േെന്നു.

3. നീരിക്ഷണവും വിവര പ്ശഖരണവും

Table 1: Germination and plant stand establishment percentage

ചീര 80%
ടവണ്ട 60 %
വഴുതേ 50 %
കുറ്റി പയർ 80 %
ചീേി 70%

Table 2: Heights of plants in cm.(15 days interval)

വിളയുടെ യപര് ദ്ിവസം ഉയരം (cm. )
ചീര 15 days 5 cm
30 days 12 cm
45 days 20 cm
60 days 29 cm
75 days 35 cm
കുറ്റിപയർ 15 days 7 cm
30 days 15 cm
45 days 21 cm
60 days 28 cm
75 days 36 cm
ടവണ്ട 15 days 5 cm
30 days 11 cm
45 days 17 cm
60 days 23 cm
75 days 29 cm
വഴുതേ 15 days 4 cm
30 days 9 cm
45 days 16 cm
60 days 21 cm
75 days 30 cm
ചീേി 15 days 5 cm
30 days 9 cm
45 days 14 cm
60 days 19 cm
75 days 23 cm
Table 3: No.of Branches (15 days interval)
വിളയുഞ്ഞട പ്േര് േിവസം ശാഖകളുഞ്ഞട
എണ്ണം
ചീര 15 0
30 2
45 4
60 6
75 7
ടവണ്ട 15 0
30 2
45 3
60 5
75 5
വഴുതേ 15 0
30 2
45 3
60 5
75 8
ചീേി 15 0
30 2
45 3
60 5
75 7
പയർ 15 0
30 2
45 3
60 5
75 7

Table 4: Day of first flowering

 • ചീര
• ടവണ്ട – after 28 days
• വഴുതേ – after 30 days
• പയർ - after 21 days
• ചീേി – after 30 days

Table 5: Cumulative Yield(Kg.)

• ചീര - 340gm
• ടവണ്ട – 170 gm
• പയർ - 200 gm
• വഴുതേ – 120 gm
4. Photos
കയഷിഞ്ഞയ ോധിച്ച രേശനങ്ങൾ

ടെയ്ക് ൊസത്തിൽ ടപയ്ക്ത െഴയിൽ ചീര, വഴുതേ

എന്നിവയുടെ ചില ജതകൾ ചിഞ്ഞ് യപായിരുന്നു. കായറ്റാെു
കൂെിയ െഴ വിളകടള കാരയൊയി രീതിയിൽ ബാധിച്ചിരുന്നു.
ഇത് വിളകളുടെ വളർച്ച െുരെിക്കാൻ ഈ യാക്കി. െക്തൊയ
കാറ്റിൽ െുളച്ചു തുെങ്ങിയ പല വിളകളും േെിച്ചിരുന്നു.

5. ധനൊഭ വിശകെനം
• വിത്ത് വാങ്ങിയത് = 50 Rs.
• ജജവ കീെോെിേി , െറ്റ് ചിലവുകൾ = 350 Rs.

കിട്ടിയ പച്ചക്കെി വീട്ടാവെയത്തിേു ഉപയയാഗിച്ചു.

 6. Conclusion
പച്ചക്കെി വാങ്ങുന്ന കൂട്ടത്തിൽ പലരും െെക്കാടത വാങ്ങുന്ന
ഒന്നാണ് പയർ . എേിക്ക് പയർ കൃഷിയാണ് കൂെുതൽ
ഫലരപദ്ൊയി യതാന്നിയത് .അെുക്കളയത്താട്ടതിൽ അോയാസം
േട്ടുവളർത്താവുന്ന ഒന്നാണ് പയർ. പയർ കൃഷി ടചയ്യാൻ
വളടര എളുെൊണ് , അതുടപാടല തടന്ന വിളവിന്ടെ
കാരയത്തിലും പയർ ആണ് കൂെുതൽ അഭികാെയം ആയി
യതാന്നിയത് . കൂൊടത പയർ ടകാണ്ട് യതാരേും
ടെഴുക്കുപുരട്ടിയും തുെങ്ങിയ രുചികരൊയ ഭക്ഷണം
ഉണ്ടാക്കാം. േെുക്കാവെയൊയ വിറ്റാെിേുകളും
ധാതുലവണങ്ങളും യരപാട്ടീേും ഏറ്റവും കൂെുതലായി
അെങ്ങിയിട്ടുള്ളത് പയെു വർഗങ്ങളിലാണ്. വിറ്റാെിൻ ടക,
വിറ്റാെിൻ ബി 1, ബി 2, ബി 6, വിറ്റാെിൻ സി, േിയക്കാട്ടിേിക്
ആസിഡ് എന്നിവ പയെിൽ ധാരാളം അെങ്ങിയിട്ടുണ്ട്. ഇവ
വയെിടല കാൻസെിടേ രപതിയരാധിക്കുകയും രപയെഹം
േിയരെിക്കുകയും ടചയ്യുന്നു. ടകാളസ്‌യരൊൾ കുെയ്ക്ക്കാേും
പയർ സഹായിക്കും.
 സംരഗഹം
ജജവകയഷി യരപാത്സാഹിെിക്കുന്നത് വഴി അെരീക്ഷ
െലിേീകരണം തെയുന്നു,കാർഷിക-പാരിസ്ഥിതിക ആയരാഗയം
ടെച്ചടെെുത്തുന്നു ,സൂഷ്ൊണുക്കൾ അെക്കെുള്ള
ജജവസെൂഹത്തിൻടെ ജജവചരകം െരിയായി
രകെീകരിക്കുന്നു ,കീെോെിേികളും, രാസവസ്‌തുക്കളും
ഉപയയാഗിക്കാത്തതുടകാണ്ട്, പക്ഷികൾ, തവളകൾ, തുെങ്ങിയ
ജെുക്കടള രക്ഷിക്കാൻ കഴിയുന്നു,എല്ാറ്റിേുെുപരി,
കീെോെിേികൾ അെങ്ങാത്ത ഭക്ഷയധാേയങ്ങൾ, പച്ചക്കെികൾ,
പഴവർഗങ്ങൾ, എന്നിവ കഴിക്കുന്നതുടകാണ്ട് കാൻസർ
(cancer), രപയെഹം (diabetes) തുെങ്ങിയ ൊരകയരാഗങ്ങൾക്ക്
അെിെടെൊതിരിക്കാൻ കഴിയുന്നു.

പുതുതലെുെയ്ക്ക്ക് ജജവ കൃഷിയുടെ രപധാേയവും

ആവെയകതയും െേസിലാക്കി ടകാെുക്കാൻ െഹത്മാഗാന്ധി
യൂണയവഴ്സ്റ്റി േെെിലാക്കുന്ന ജജവകൃഷി: അെിവും പഠേവും
എന്ന ഈ ഓൺജലൻ പാഠയപദ്ധതിക്ക് കഴിഞ്ഞിട്ടുണ്ട്. കൂൊടത
ജജവകയഷിടയ കുെിച്ച് കൂെുതൽ പഠിക്കാേും കൃഷിയിൽ
കൂെുതൽ തൽപരരാവാേും ഇതിലൂടെ സാധിച്ചു. ഈ
യരപാജക്െിന്ടെ ഭാഗൊയതിലൂടെ െണ്ണിടേ അെുത്ത് അെിയാേും
വിളകളുടെ ഗുണേിലവാരവും െേസ്സിലാക്കാേും കഴിഞ്ഞു.
ജജവകൃഷി കൂെുതൽ യപാഷകസെൃദ്ധവും സുരക്ഷിതവുൊയ
ഭക്ഷണം േൽകുന്നു. േമ്മുക്ക് ആവെയൊയ പച്ചകെി സവെം
വീട്ടുവളെിൽ ഉൽപാദ്ിെിച്ച് എെുക്കാൻ ഉള്ള ഒരു രപയചാദ്േo
കൂടെ ഈ യരപാജക്ട് േൽകുന്നു.
Time to
Harvest
ORGANIC FARMING

Investing in a greener tomorrow

INTRODUCTION
Organic farming is an alternative agricultural
system which originated early in the 20th Century in
reaction to rapidly changing farming practices. IT is a
method of crop and livestock production that
involves much more than choosing not to use
pesticides, fertilizers, genetically modified organisms,
antibiotics and growth hormones.
It is an integrated farming system that strives for
sustainability, the enhancement of soil fertility and
biological diversity whilst, with rare exceptions,
prohibiting synthetic pesticides, antibiotics, synthetic
fertilizers, genetically modified organisms, and
growth hormones.
 Organic farming aims to produce crop with a high nutritional
value
Weed-, in simple words, is nothing but the unwanted plant that grows
in.
Monoculture was the only practice used in the agricultural fields
 THERE ARE 6 METHODS IN WHICH ORGANIC FARMING IS FOLLOWED:
1. Crop Diversity:Now a days a new practice has come into picture which is called -Polyculture- in which
a variety of crops can be cultivated simultaneously just to meet the increasing demand of crops. Unlike
the ancient practice which was -Monoculture- in which only one type of crop was cultivated in a
particular location.
2. Soil Management:After the cultivation of crops, the soil loses its nutrients and its quality depletes.
Organic agriculture initiates the use of natural ways to increase the health of soil. It focuses on the use
of bacteria that is present in animal waste which helps in making the soil nutrients more productive to
enhance the soil.
3. Weed Management: -Weed-, is the unwanted plant that grows in agricultural fields. Organic
agriculture pressurizes on lowering the weed rather than removing it completely
.4. Controlling other organisms: There are both useful and harmful organisms in the agricultural farm
which affect the field. The growth of such organisms needs to be controlled to protect the soil and the
crops. This can be done by the use of herbicides and pesticides that contain less chemicals or are
natural. Also, proper sanitization of the entire farm should be maintained to control other organisms.
5. Livestock: Organic farming instigates domestic animals use to increase the sustainability of the farm
.6. Genetic Modification: Genetic modification is kept away from this kind of agricultural set up
because organic farming focuses on the use of natural ways and discourages engineered animals
and plants.
MATERIALS

FERTILIZERS MANURE,COMPOSTS.
FULVIC AND HUMIC ACID

FOLIAR FERTILIZERS ALGAE EXTRACTS AND

AMINO ACIDS

HERBICIDES WEEDS ARE REMOVED BY

MECHANICAL METHODS

PESTICIDES NEEM OIL,PHEROMONE TRAPS

 OUR FARM
& WEATHER CONDITIONS

It is a warm season crop and requires a long warm growing season.

BRINJAL It is very susceptible to frost.
A daily mean temperature of 13-21 oC is most favourable for its successful production

Lady finger requires warm climate throughout its growing period because it cannot
LADIES FINGER bear cold
climatic conditions. It requires temperature range of 22-35°c for its best growth. ..
 Tomato is a warm season crop.
TOMATOES The best fruit colour and quality is obtained at a temperature range of 21-24°C.
Temperatures above 32o C adversely affects the fruit set and development.

Any bit of frost is detrimental to a pumpkin crop

During the summer months, for optimum growth, it is ideal to
PUMPKIN get about an inch of rain each week.

It is a warm season crop grown mainly in sub-tropical and hot-arid regions. They
BITTER GUARD are susceptible to light frost and are provided with partial protection if grown during
winter months. Temperature range of 24o- 27oC is considered as optimum for the
growth of the vines.
 This vegetable crop thrives best in humid and warm climatic conditions.
IVY GUARD The ideal temperature range of 20°C to 32°C is best for its growth, quality and good yield.
This vegetable can be cultivated throughout the year.

It requires temperature range of 22-35°c for its best growth.

SPINACH Rainy season is essential for its successful growth.
Seeds are unable to germinate when the temperature is below 20°c.

Chilli is a tropical and sub-tropical plant requiring a combination of warm, humid yet dry weather.
During the growth stage it needs a warm and humid weather.
GREEN CHILLY However, a dry weather is suitable for fruit maturity.
Range between 20⁰-25⁰C is ideal temperature range for chilli growth.
 CONCLUSION

Organic farms used to simply mean farmers selling their food to the local. The farms were small and private, there was
interaction between the consumers and the farmer. The consumers were able to know more about the farmer and how they
grew their food. Since the term organic was what increased more sales in the food industry, they started focusing more on the
organic label to increase money in the industry. Industrial organic is large farms or corporations that rely on monoculture to
focus on growing organic food. Since they are corporations and the food is given out to supermarkets to sell there is no
communication between consumers and farmers, consumers do not know where their food is

To consumers, it 's scary how industrial farming can use methods such as growth hormones to get a cow to grow quick
and big because a cow cannot grow at a fast pace without drugs. In order for the meat to be organic the consumers want
the cow to be raised naturally as possible meaning growth hormones are definitely not natural and not acceptable. If
farmers want to sell organic meat, cows should be fed regular food without any growth hormones to get them to grow.
Never will a cow in nature be given growth hormones, only a human would be able to give cows growth hormones

Organic farming yields more nutritious and safe food. The popularity of organic food is growing dramatically
as consumer seeks the organic foods that are thought to be healthier and safer. Thus, organic food perhaps
ensures food safety from farm to plate.
 ABSTRACT

Agriculture became a high investing and low yielding due to uncontrolled use of synthetic chemicals which are
becoming harmful to the ecosystem. To protect our ecosystem organic farming is well practiced without using harmful
chemicals, they are replaced by bio-fertilizers, bio-pesticides etc
In the ancient time, agriculture was practiced without the use of artificial chemicals. The use of artificial chemicals
such as fertilizers and pesticides came into picture during the mid-19th century. This kind of agricultural practice
was causing harm to the environment. With the rapid change in farming practices, organic farming came into
existence in the 20th century. It made use of environment friendly practices by avoiding the use of artificial
chemicals and making use of organic matter to raise crops. Organic food is beneficial to human health and the
practice of organic farming keeps the environment clean.
Planting a Better
Tomorrow

TESSA ROBIN
1st DC BFT
ASSUMPTION COLLEGE
 Mahatma Gandhi University
Assumption college changanassery

ORGANIC FARMING
PROJECT REPORT

Submitted by,
Tessa Joseph
1st Semester BFT
 CONTENT

1. INTRODUCTION

2. MATERIALS AND METHODS

2.1 CROP SELECTED;

SOURCE OF SEED;

2.2 AREA

2.3 CROP SEASON AND WEATHER CONDITION PREVAILED

2.5 AGRICULTURAL IMPLEMENTS AND EQUIPMENTS USED;

2.6 LIMING MATERIAL AND QUANTITY;

2.7 MANURES USED

2.8 PEST CONTROL

2.9 CROP MANAGEMENT;

AGRICULTURAL PRACTICES OF CROP PRODUCTION

3. OBSERVATION AND DATA COLLECTION

4. PHOTOS

5.COST BENEFIT ANALYSIS

6.CONCLUSION

ABSTRACT
1. INTRODUCTION
Organic farming is an agricultural system that uses fertilizers of
organic origin such as compost, green manure, and bone meal and
places emphazis on techniques such as crop rotation,cover crops
and companion planting.It helps in reducing soil and air
pollution.Organic production is a holistic system designed to
optimize the productivity and fitness of diverse communities within
the agro-ecosystem,including soil organisms,plants,livestock and
people.The principal goal of organic production is to develop
entreprises that are sustainable and harmonious with the
environment.Organic residues and nutrients produced on the farm
are recycled back to the soil.
Organic farming presents many challenges.Some crops are
more challenging than others to grow organically;however, nearly
every commodity can be produced organically.India has the most
organic farmers in the whole world.
2. MATERIALS AND METHODS
2.1 CROP SELECTED;
I selected vegetable crops like Brinjal, yardlong pea, ladies finger
and spice crop like ginger and Tuber crop like Cassava.
SOURCE OF SEED;
I bought brinjal seeds from nursery. As my father is a farmer it was
easy to collect rest of the items. I got yardlong pea seed and ladies
finger seed from my father’s seed collection. Ginger and cassava
stalk were also collected from my home.
2.2 AREA
I selected 1 cent of land at my house for cultivation.
2.3 CROP SEASON AND WEATHER CONDITION PREVAILED
These crops are grown in both winter and summer seasons.The
best season for sowing Brinjal is Jan-February,May-June,
Yardlong pea is late May-July and Oct –Nov mid,Okra is Jan-
Feb,May-June,Oct-Dec . The best time for planting ginger is from
March to April and it’s duration is generally around 8 to 9 months
.It can be grown both under rainfed and irrigated conditions.
Cassava;Can be cultivated under both irrigated and rainfed
condition.Under irrigated condition, this crop can be cultivated
through out the year whereas under rainfed conditions;May-June
is best time before monsoon season starts.
The prevailed weather condition for all these crops are warm and
humid climate.

2.5 AGRICULTURAL IMPLEMENTS AND EQUIPMENTS USED;

Plough, Hoe are used to prepation of soil and sowing of seed.
2.6 LIMING MATERIAL AND QUANTITY;
As my land having enough soil quality and soil acidity ,no need to
use limimg materials.
2.7 MANURES USED
Dried leaves,Onion peal,Banana skin, Cow dung, and slurry are
used from the time of preparation of land to the time of cultivation.
2.8 PEST CONTROL
Ash,Neem leaf spray are applied to reduce the impact of insects on
crops yield.

2.9 CROP MANAGEMENT;

AGRICULTURAL PRACTICES OF CROP PRODUCTION
YARDLONG PEA;
I collected pea seeds from my father’s seed collection.First of all ,I
soaked seeds in water for few hours for better germination.Then
drained the water and kept for 1day for sprouting.Next step was the
preparation of soil.For this,I loosen the soil using spade.The soil for
the yard long pea must be well drained and fertile.After this dig the
soil and saw the seed 2cm deep down the soil in rows.The heavy
rainfall is not at all a problem for the yardlong peas.So it is not a
problem for my farming as I sowed the seed during the time of
rainfall.The plant is attracted by many pollinators such as ants.To
avoid this neem spray is applied.The water should be supplied to
maintain the moisture level in the soil when there is no rainfall.The
flowering of plants start after 4 weeks.I harvested the peas within 2
months.
BRINJAL
Brinjal crop can be grown in both winter and summer seasons.The
first step is the preparation of land.For that I ploughed the soil and
prepared a raised bed.Then each seed is put in the soil in a
particular spacing.The seed is covered with soil and poured the
water.Coconut leaves are used to cover the seed for protection
until the seed get germinated.Neem spray and ash was used to
control insects.Slurry was used to enhance crop yield.I could
harvest it in two and a half month.
LADIES FINGER
I collected ladies finger seed from my father.For okra cultivation,the
land ploughed and prepared furrows where seeds were sawn.Soil
was kept free from weeds by hand weeding.Regular watering is
given.Neem spray was used for pest control.The plant was
flowered in 49 days.The crop was ready for picking within 70 days.I
harvested it more than two times.

GINGER
I got ginger seed from my house. Cut the ginger into small piece
and then each piece of ginger planted in early prepared soil bed.
At this time ,well decomposed cattle manure has applied over the
beds. Watering is done once in a week. Dried leaves ,coconut
leaves were kept over the beds to keep the moisture content.
Weeding is done when more weeds are grown. It is not yet
harvested as it takes 5 to 6 months to become matured.
CASSAVA
For cassava cultivation, first I prepared the land.The land is
ploughed and made raised beds. Then dried cattle manure and ash
were mixed with soil.After that piece of cassava stalk was dug up.
Watering is done in 2 or 3 weeks interval.
3. OBSERVATION AND DATA COLLECTION
Germination/plant stand establishment percent

Brinjal Yardlong Ladies Ginger Tapioca

Pea Finger

7 days 4 days 5 days 29 days 12 days

Height of plants in cm(15 days interval)

Days Brinjal Yardlong Ladies Ginger Tapioca

Pea Finger
15 6 13-14 7-8 0 1

30 13 31 17 1-2 7

45 26 40 48 8 20

60 40 75 76 13 28

75 47 98 85 19 50

90 53 107 92 23 99

No of branches/leaves(15 days interval)

Days Brinjal Yardlong Pea Ladies Ginger Tapioca

Finger
15 2 leaves 4 leaves 3 leaves - -

30 5 leaves 14 leaves 6 leaves 1 leaves 3 leaves

45 12 leaves 21 leaves 11 leaves 2 leaves 7 leaves

2 branches
Day of first flowering(Days after sowing/planting)

Brinjal Yardlong Ladies Ginger Tapioca

Pea Finger
47 28 49 - -

Day of first fruiting(Days after sowing/planting)

Brinjal Yardlong Ladies Ginger Tapioca

Pea Finger
54 36 55 - -

Harvest days(Days after sowing/planting)

Brinjal Yardlong Ladies Ginger Tapioca

Pea Finger
76 50 70 - -
No. and weight of fruit from each harvest
Brinjal Yardlong Ladies Ginger Tapioca
Pea Finger
1 3 12 6 - -
2 2 14 8

Cumulative yield (kg)

Brinjal Yardlong Ladies
Pea Finger
0.55 kg 0.6 0.5
(approx.) kg(approx.) kg(approx.)
4. PHOTOS
Yard long pea;

Brinjal ;
Okra;
Ginger;

Cassava;
COST BENEFIT ANALYSIS
It didn’t cost me much because I used organic farming. It only cost
me money to buy brinjal seeds from the nursery. I used the
vegetables at home.

CONCLUSION
The varieties I cultivated such as brinjal,Yardlong pea,Okra,Ginger
and Cassava were suitable for my land.The soil type, water
availability, weather condition were all positive to my crops.Organic
farming yields more nutritious and safe food.Organic cultivation
helps in reducing soil pollution and air pollution.
ABSTRACT
When we were informed to do organic farming as a part of MOOC,
I was not interested to do because I hardly ever do such things. But
when I started cultivating the crops I became interested in it. I
started my planting in last of may. I selected Brinjal, Yardlong pea,
Okra, Ginger and Cassava. For this cultivation the first step was
seed collection and then preparation of land, for that I ploughed the
soil and prepared a raised bed. Then each seed is put in the soil in
a particular spacing. The seed is covered with soil and poured the
water. Irrigated the plants when it necessary. Neem spray and ash
was used to control insects. Cattle manure and Slurry were used
to enhance crop yield. I could harvest the yields with in two and a
half month.Since,Ginger and Cassava takes more time to get yield
,I couldn’t harvest yet.As I am a beginner, I got sincere support from
my parents.i am thanking the whole authority for this opportunity.It
is actually a good experience.
 മഹാ ാഗാ ി യൂണിേവ ി ി

MOOC on ORGANIC FARMING

ഒ ാംെസമ ർ MOOC Organic farming േകാ ിന്െറ
േ പാജ ് റിേ ാർ ്

സമർ ി ു ത്

SANDRA JAMES
Edavayalil house,
Eravuchira p.o,
Thottakkad,
Kottayam dist

1st year BACHELOR OF FASHION

TECHNOLOGY

ROLL NUM:1072

ASSUMPTION േകാേളജ്, ച നാേ രി

േകാ യം ജി
 ഉ ട പ ിക

 ആമുഖം

 േകാേളജിന്െറയും വിദ ാർഥിയുെടയും ലം

 തിരെ ടു വിളകളും അവയുെട െവൈറ ികളും

 കാർഷിക ഉപകരണ ളും ഉപേയാഗി ഉപകരണ ളും

 ഉപേയാഗി വള ൾ, ൈജവവള ൾ, ബേയാ റികൾ,

ൈജവകീടനാശിനികൾ, ൈജവനിയ ണം.

 നിലം ത ാറാ ൽ & വി ് നടീൽ

 േരാഗ നിയ ണം

 ജല നിയ ണം

 വിളെവടു ്

 നിരീ ണ ളും ഡാ േശഖരണവും

 േഫാേ ാകൾ

 നിഗമനം
 ആമുഖം

എന്െറ േപര് SANDRA JAMES. ഒ ാം വർഷ FASHION

TECHNOLOGY വിദ ാർ ി ആണ്. മഹാ ാഗാ ിയൂണി
േവ ി ി ഡി ഗി വിദ ാർ ികളിൽ ൈജവ
കൃഷിെയ ുറി ു അവേബാധം ഉ ാ ുവാൻ
പുതിയതായിതുട ിയ compulsory േകാ ് ആയ MOOC
Organic farming ന്െറ ഭാഗമായി എന്െറ വീ ിൽ െച
കൃഷിയുെട അടി ാന ിൽ ഞാൻ ത ാറാ ിയ
റിേ ാർ ്ആണി ത്.
ഈ റിേ ാർ ിൽ ൈജവകൃഷി ായി ഞാൻ
സ ീകരി െമ ീരിയലുകളും രീതികളും , ഞാൻ
തിരെ ടു വിളകളുഇെടന ൾ, വിള
പരിപാലനം , ഭൂമിത ാറാ ൽ, കീടനിയ ണം, ജല
പരിപാലനം ,േരാഗനിയ ണം , കൃഷിയുെട
വിവിധഘ ൾ എ ിവ ഉൾെ ടു ു.

● വി ്തിരെ ടു ൽ
● ഭൂമിത ാറാ ൽ
● വിള ാപി ൽ
● ജലമാേനജ്െമന്റ്.
● േപാഷകമാേനജ്െമന്റ്
● വിളആേരാഗ മാേനജ്െമന്റ്
● വിളെവടു ്
● വിളെവടു ിനുേശഷമു വ

ഞാൻ 6 മാസ ിലുടനീളം ൈജവകൃഷി

െച ു.െസപ് ംബർ മാസ ിൽ വിളെവടു ്നട ി.

വ ു ളും രീതികളും

േകാേളജിന്െറയും വിദ ാർഥിയുെടയും ലം

േകാ യം ജി യിെല ച നാേ രിയിലാണ്

ASSUMPTION േകാേളജ്(Autonomous) ിതിെച ു ത്.
േകാ യം ജി യിെല ച നാേ രി ആണ് എന്െറ
സ േദശം.

തിരെ ടു വിളകളും അവയുെട

െവൈറ ികളും

MOOC Organic farmingനുേവ ി ഞാൻ 5

വിവിധ യിനം വിളകൾ തിരെ ടു ു. അവയിൽ
ഇ ി, മ ൾ, കാ ിൽ, വാഴ, പ മുളക് എ ിവ ഉൾെ
ടു ു. 15 മൂട് െചടികളാണ് ഞാൻ േകാ ന്െറഭാഗമായി
ന ത്. ഇ ി, മ ൾ, കാ ിൽ എ ിവ 4 ചതു
അടിവി ീർ ിൽ ന ു. ഇ ി, മ ൾ, കാ ിൽ
എ ിവയുെട വിള ാലം 6 മാസേ ാളം ആയിരു ു.
പ മുളക് 1 മാസേ ാളം ആയിരു ു. മൺസൂൺ കാലം
ആയതുെകാ ്തെ കൃഷിെച േ ാ ഉ ായിരു
കാലാവ മഴ ആയിരു ു.
ശരാഅശ രിരീ താപനില 28°C ആയിരു ു. ഇത്
വിളകളുെട ആേരാഗ കരമായ വളർ യ് ്
ആ ം കൂ ി എ ് േവണം പറയാൻ.

കാർഷിക ഉപകരണ ളും ഉപേയാഗി

ഉപകരണ ളും

കൃഷി ായി തൂ , ൈകേ ാ ്, െകാര ി,

മ ി, അരിവാൾ,മ ുേകാരി, മ ് നിറയ് ാൻ
സഹായി ു വലിയ ചവി ിലകൾ ് െവ ം
ഒഴി ുവാനായി പാ തം എ ിവ ഉപേയാഗി ു. നിലം
ഒരു ു തി നു മുൻപ് അണുനശി കരണ ി നായി 100
ഗാം ചു ാ ്െപാടി മ ിൽ വിതറി ന ായിഇള ി.

ഉപേയാഗി വള ൾ, ൈജവവള ൾ,
ബേയാ റികൾ, ൈജവകീടനാശിനികൾ,
ൈജവനിയ ണം.

െതാ ടു വീ ിൽ പശു ൾഉ തു െകാ ു

തെ ൈജവവളമായ ചാണക ിന് ാമം ഉ ായി .
എ ാ ദിവസവും വിളകളുെട ചുവ ിൽ ചാണകെ ാടി
(ഉണ ിയത് ) വിതറും. ചാണകെ ാമ ിടിേനാട് ലയി ു
െചടികൾ ് വലിെ ടു ുവാനായി െവ ം
ഇടയഒ്ഴി ി ്ടെകായ് ട
് ു ും. വീ ിൽ േകാഴിെയ
വളർ ു തു െകാ ് േകാഴി ാ ം വളമായി
ഉപേയാഗി ു. കീട െള നിയ ി ുവാനായി പുകയി
ലലായനി, േവ ിൻപി ാ ്, ക ിെവ ം എ ിവ
കീടനാശിനികളായി ഇലകളിൽ ആ യിെലാരി ൽ
പേയാഗി ു. അത് മു , െവ ീ എ ി െനയു
കീട െള നിയ ി ുവാൻ ഒരു പരിധിവെരസഹായി
ു.

നിലം ത ാറാ ൽ & വി ് നടീൽ

ഇ ി, മ ൾ േപാെലയു വിളകൾ ്പ ി
ലവളചാവുംണ, കവുംഇ ് വാരം ഉറ ി ു. ഒരതാടി യിൽ
ര ടി വി ാര ിൽ കുഴിെയടു ്ക ാ വിതറി ഒരാ
േശ ഷംയ ◌് ്അടിവളം ഇ ് വാ ഴ ് ന ു. മ ൾ
ഇ ി എ ിവയ് ് ദീർഘ ചതുരാകൃതിയിൽ മ ് കൂ ി
വാരം േകാവി ി. നടു തിനു ഒരാ യ് ് മുൻപ് കു ാ
യംവിതറി. നിലെമാരു ി കഴി േ ാതടൾെമടു ്
വി ുകൾ ന ് തടം മൂടികരിയിലയും പ ിലയും
മുകൂക ിളിവിൽ ് മുളയ് ാൻ അനുവദി ു. തടം
കു ികരിയില ചാരവും ചാണകെ ാടിയും ഇ ് കാ ിൽ
കിഴയ് ന ു. കരിയില ഇ ് തടം മൂടി വി ് മുളയ് ാൻ
അനുവദി ു. മ ിന്െറവള ൂർ കൂ ുവാൻ വീ ിെല
മു േ ാട് ഒെ െചടിയുെട ചുവ ിൽ ഇ ു.

േരാഗ നിയ ണം

േവെ , േഗാമൂ തം, പ ഗവ , പുളി

ി െവ പാൽ എ ിവ കീട െളയും േരാഗ െളയും
നിയ ി ുവാനായി വിളകളിൽ തളി ു. െചടികളി
ൽശകല ൾ പേയാഗി ു ത് ഇലകളിെലേരാഗ ൾ
കുറയ് ുവാനായി വളെര സേയഹാെറയി ു. േ ഗഡ്
ഓയിലുകളുെട പേയാഗം പല വിളകളിെലയും േരാഗബാധ
കുറയ് ു. സസ ളിെല പൂ ൽ, തുരു ് േരാഗ ൾ എ ിവ
നിയ ി ാൻ േബ ിംഗ് േസാഉഡപേയാഗി ു. വരൾ ,
പൂ ൽ, െമാൈസൈക റസുകൾ, മ ് ഫംഗസ്, ൈവറൽ
േരാഗ ൾ എ ിവയ്െ തിെര െവ പാൽ സ്േ പകളുെട
ഉപേയാഗം സഹായി ു .

ജല നിയ ണം

െറാേ ഷനിൽ ആഴ ിൽ േവരൂ ിയ വിളകൾ ്

ആഴ ിൽ േവരൂ ുശീ ലം വളർ ു തിന് വിളകൾ
െപാരു െ ടു ുക, മ ിജലന്െറ സംഭരണേശഷി
വർ ി ി ൽ, ജല ിന്െറ നുഴ ുകയ ം െമ െ
ടുൈജ വൽ, പുതയിടൽ വഴി ബാ ീകരണം
കുറയ് ുക എ ീ ല േ ാടുകൂടി മഴമറ സംവിധാ
ന ൾ എ ിവ ഉപേയാഗി ു.

വിളെവടു ്

പ മുളക്ന്െറ വിളെവടു ് JUNE മാസ ിൽതെ

നട ു. മ ൾ, ഇ ി എ ിവ ദീർഘകാലവിളകൾ
ആയതു െകാ ് തെ AUGUST മാസ ിൽ
വിളെവടു ുവാൻ സാധി ു . JULY മാസ ിൽ തെ
കാ ിലും അേത, മാസം തെ വാഴയും വിളെവടു ു.
കാലാവ അനുകൂലം ആയതുെകാ ുതെ
വിളെവടു ് ന ായി നട ു.
 നിരീ ണ ളും ഡാ േശഖരണവും

[1]* വിളകൾ - മുള ത് (ശതമാനം)

> പ മുളക് - 90% നു മുകളിൽ

> വാഴ- 86% നു മുകളിൽ
>ഇ ി - 90-95%
>മ ൾ- 80-87%
> കാ ിൽ - 65% നും 70% നും ഇടയിൽ

[2]* ആദ െ പൂവിടുേ ാൾ

വിളകൾ - പൂവി ദിവസ ൾ

> പ മുളക് - 25.05.21

> വാഴ- 23.6.21
>ഇ ി - 22.07.21
>മ ൾ - 15.07.21
> കാ ിൽ - 20.6.21

[3]* വിളെവടു ് ദിവസ ൾ

>പ മുളക് - 15.6.21 \ 20.6.21 \ 19.6.21

> വാഴ - 29.7.21 \ 2.8.21
>ഇ ി- 27.8.21 \ 19.8.21
>മ ൾ- 15.8.21 \ 27.8.21
> കാ ിൽ - 11.7.21 \ 18.7.21 \ 27.7.21

േഫാേ ാകൾ
1) കാ ിൽ

2) മ ൾ
3) വാഴ

4) ഇ ി

5) പ മുളക്
 നിഗമനം

ൈജവകൃഷിയിലൂെട മ ിന്െറ ഗുണേമ വർ ി ു

കയും ,സ ാഭാവികരാസഘടന നിലനിർ ുകയും
വിഷരഹിതപ റികൾ ഉൽപാദി ി ാ സാൻധി
ുകയും െച ു. മ ിെല സൂ ാനി ളുെട സാ ിധ ം
ഉറ ാ ു തിലൂെടയും നിലനിർ ു തി ലൂെടയും
മ ിന്െറ ജീവൻ നിലനിർ ാൻ സാധി ുകയും
െച ു ു. ആവാസവ വ യിൽ െപാറേലൽ ി ാെത
മ ിെനയും പരി ിതിെയയും സംര ി ുവാൻ
സാധി ു ു.

********************************************************************
ORGANIC
FARMING
REPORT
 Introduction
വളങ്ങൾ, ഇടവിള കൃഷി, തുടങ്ങിയവെയ
ആ ശയിക്കുന്നതും രാസവളങ്ങളും, കൃ തിമ രാസ
കീടനാശിനികളും തീർത്തും ഒഴിവാക്കിയുള്ളതും
െചടിവളർച്ചാ നിയ ന്തണ വസ്തുക്കൾ, കന്നുകാലി
തീറ്റകളിൽ േചർക്കുന്ന രാസപദാർഥങ്ങൾ, ൈജവമാറ്റ
വരുത്തിയ വിത്തുകൾ എന്നീ രീതികൾ
ഉപേയാഗിക്കാെതയും നടത്തെപ്പടുന്ന കൃഷി
രീതിെയയാണ് ൈജവകൃഷി (Organic Farming) എന്നു
വിളിക്കുന്നത് .
മണ്ണിെന്റെയും മനുഷ്യെന്റെയും ആവാസവ്യവസ്ഥയുേടയും
ആേരാഗ്യം നിലനിർത്തുന്ന ഒരു ഉല്പാദന രീതിയാണ് ൈജവ
കൃഷിരീതി. േദാഷഫലങ്ങളുണ്ടാക്കുന്ന േചരുവകൾ
ഉപേയാഗിക്കുന്നതിന് പകരം പരിസ്ഥിതിയുേട സ്വാഭാവിക
പ കിയകൾ,ൈജവ ൈവവിദ്ധ്യം, ചം കമണം തുടങ്ങിയ
പാേദശിക അവസ്ഥകൾക്ക് അനുരൂപമായതിെന മാ തേമ ഈ
കൃഷി രീതി ആ ശയിക്കുന്നുള്ളൂ. പരമ്പരാഗത രീതികളും
പുത്തൻ കണ്ടെത്തലുകളും ശാസ് തീയ രീതികളും
സംേയാജിപ്പിച്ചുെകാണ്ട് പരിസ്ഥിതിയിെല എല്ലാവിഭാഗത്തിനും
ഉപകാരെപ്പടും വിധത്തിൽ പാരിസ്ഥിതിക ബന്ധവും ഉന്നത
നിലവാരത്തിലുള്ള ജീവിതവും ഈ കൃഷിരീതി
േ പാത്സാഹിപ്പിക്കുന്നു.."
 Materials and methods
Selected crops:മത്തൻ (pumpkin ), വഴുതന (bringal),
കപ്പ (tapioca മുളക് (chilly ), പാവൽ (powell),പയർ
(beans), ഇഞ്ചി (garlic ), മഞ്ഞൾ (turmeric ).
Equipment :മൺെവട്ടി (spade), ൈകപ്പല്ലി (Hand hue),
hand sprayer, knives.
Land preparation :നല്ല സൂര്യ പകാശം ലഭിക്കുന്ന 10 െസന്റെ ്
സ്ഥലം തിരെഞ്ഞടുത്തു. കല്ല്, മറക്കുറ്റി, േവരുകൾ നീക്കി
കട്ടകൾ ഉടച്ചു നിരപ്പാക്കി. നന്നായി കിളച്ചു കളകൾ എല്ലാം
കളഞ്ഞു. വിളകൾക്ക് അനുസൃതമായി നിലം ഒരുക്കി.
വിത്തുകൾ നടാം.
ചീര (spinach)
ചീര കൃഷി മഴക്കാലം ഒഴിെക എല്ലാക്കാലത്തും കൃഷി െചയ്യാവുന്ന ഒരു
വിളയാണ്. വളെര കുറച്ചു വിത്തുെകാണ്ട് കൃഷി െചയ്യാൻ സാധിക്കും. കിളച്ചു
ചാണക െപാടി േചർത്ത് ഇളക്കി നിരപ്പാക്കിയ സ്ഥലത്ത് ചീര വിത്തുകൾ
വിതച്ചു.രണ്ടു മൂന്നു ദിവസത്തിനുള്ളിൽ വിത്തുകൾ മുളച്ചു തുടങ്ങി. ഒരാഴ്ച
ആയ ചീര ൈതകൾ മേന്നാടുകൂടി പറിച്ചു നട്ടു. േമൽ വളമായി േഗാമൂ തം
ഉപേയാഗിച്ചു. േഗാമൂ തം െവള്ളത്തിൽ നീർവീര്യം ആക്കിയാണ്
ഉപേയാഗിക്കുന്നത്. ൈവകുേന്നരങ്ങളിലാണ് നനക്കുന്നത്.ഒരു മാസം െകാണ്ട്
ചീര വിളെവടുപ്പിന് പാകമായി.

മത്തൻ (pumpkin )
വലിയ പരിചരണം ഒന്നും ആവിശ്യമില്ലാത്ത ഒരു ഉഷ്ണകാല വിളയാണ്
മത്തൻ. പധനമായി മത്തൻ കൃഷിെയ കീടം ആണ് കായിച്ച. കായ
ഉണ്ടാകുേമ്പാൾ തെന്ന കയിച്ച കുത്തി കായ്കൾ മഞ്ഞളിച്ചു
ചീഞ്ഞുേപാകുന്നു. ഇങ്ങെന േകടുവരുന്ന കായ്കൾ തീയിട്ടു
നശിപ്പിക്കുo.
 പച്ചമുളക് (chilly )
കാന്താരി മുളകും പച്ചമുളകും നമുക്ക് എളുപ്പത്തിൽ കൃഷിെചയ്യാവുന്ന
വിളയാണ്. ഇതിനും വലിയ പരിചരണം ഒന്നും ആവിശ്യമില്ല. മുളകു
െചടികൾ ദീർക്കകാലം വിളവുതരുന്നു. വട്ടം, മഞ്ഞളിപ്പ് എന്നി േരാഗങ്ങൾ
ആണ് ശല്യകാരികൾ. ഈ േരാഗങ്ങൾ ഉള്ള െചടികൾ പിഴുതു മാറ്റി
നശിപ്പിച്ചു കളയുന്നു.

പയർ (beans )
വിത്തുകൾ മണ്ണിൽ േനരിട്ട് പാകിയാണ് പയർ കൃഷി െചയുന്നത്.നടുന്നതിനു
മുൻപ് വിത്തുകൾ െവള്ളത്തിൽ കുതർക്കുക, ഇത് േവഗത്തിൽ മുളക്കാൻ
സഹായിക്കുന്നു.
മറ്റു വിളകെള അേപക്ഷിച്ച് പയറിനു ജലേശചനത്തിെന്റെ ആവിശ്യം കുറവാണ്.
പയറിെന്റെ പൂവിലും കായിലും െഞട്ടിലും കുറ്റംസ്യി പറ്റിയിരിക്കുന്ന പയർ േപൻ
ആണ് പധാന ശ തു. ഈ പശ്നത്തിന് പരിഹരമായി പുകയില കഷായം
തളിക്കുന്നു.
വഴുതന (egg plant )
വളെര എളുപ്പത്തിൽ െചയ്യാവുന്ന വിലnaയാണിത്. ഇത് ഒരു
ദീർക്കകലാവിളയാണ്.ഏതു കാലത്തും നാടാവുന്ന വിലയാണ്
വഴുതന.വഴുതന ൈതകൾ നട്ടു, ദിവസവും നനക്കുകയും. ഒരു
ആഴ്ചകഴിഞ്ഞു ചാണകെപ്പാടി വളമായി നൽകാം. കായ
ഉണ്ടാക്കുേമ്പാൾ െചടികൾക്ക് താങ്ങു നൽകുക.

മഞ്ഞൾ(turmeric ), ഇഞ്ചി (garlic )

മണ്ണ് കിളച്ചു തടം എടുത്തു ചാണകെപ്പാടി േചർത്ത് ഇളക്കി
അതിൽ െചറിയ കുഴികൾ എടുത്തു മഞ്ഞൾ നടാം . വളെര
എളുപ്പത്തിൽ കൃഷി െചയ്യാൻ സാധിക്കും.
മുള ഉള്ള വിത്തുകൾ ആണ് നടാൻ നല്ലത്.ഒൻപതു മാസം
മുതൽ ഒരു വർഷത്തിനുള്ളിൽ ഇവ വിളെവടുക്കാം.
Observation and data
collection
മുളക് (chilly)

പാകിയ വിത്തുകളിൽ പകുതിേയാളം വിത്തുകളും മുളച്ചു.15 ദിവസം

ഇടേവളയിൽ െചടിക്ക് 6 cm ഉയരം വച്ചു. അടുത്ത 15ദിവസെത്ത
ഇടേവളയിൽ െചടിക്ക് 2 ശിഖരങ്ങൾ ഉണ്ടായി.നട്ടു 45 ദിവസത്തിന് േശഷം
െചടി ആദ്യമായി പൂവിട്ടു.48 ദിവസത്തിനുള്ളിൽ രണ്ട് കായ്കൾ പിടിച്ചു..60
ദിവസം ആയേപ്പാൾ ധാരാളം കായ്കൾ ഉണ്ടായി.70ാം ദിവസം 6 കായ്കൾ
വിളെവടുത്തു. ആദ്യവിളെവടുപ്പിൽ വളെര കുറച്ചു വിളെവടുപ്പ് ലഭിച്ചുള്ളൂ,.
പിന്നിടുള്ള വിളെവടുപ്പിൽ ധാരാളം മുളകുകൾ ലഭിച്ചു.ഇതുവെര ഏതാണ്ട് 1.2
കിേലാ കായ്കൾ ലഭിച്ചു.
 മത്തൻ

മത്തെന്റെ അഞ്ചു ൈതകൾ നാട്ടുെവങ്കിലും 2 രെണ്ടണ്ണം മാ തേമ

പിടിച്ചുള്ളൂ.
15-ാം ദിവസം 30 cm നീളം ഉണ്ട്. അടുത്ത 15 ദിവത്തിനുള്ളിൽ കൂടുതൽ
ശാഖാകൾ ഒന്നും ഉണ്ടായിെല്ലങ്കിലും െചടി 85cm വളന്നു..52-ാം ദിവസം
ആദ്യെത്ത പൂവ് വിരിഞ്ഞു. ഇല്ല ദിവസവും പൂക്കൾ വിരിയും.65-ാം ദിവസം
ആദ്യെത്ത കായ് പിടിച്ചു.,ഒരാഴ്ച ആയേപ്പാൾ കായ മഞ്ഞളിച്ചു
െപാഴിഞ്ഞു േപായി.77-ാം ദിവസം വീണ്ടും കായ് ഉണ്ടായി.140-ാം ദിവസം
ആദ്യകായ് വിളെവടുത്തു. ഇതിനിടയിൽ 4 കായ്കൾ പിടിച്ചു.
ആദ്യെത്ത മത്തങ്ങായ്ക്ക് 2 കിേലാ തൂക്കം ഉണ്ടായിരുന്നു. ആെക 6
കിേലാ വിളവു ലഭിച്ചു.
 Photos
മത്തൻ
● വീട്ടിൽ ഉണ്ടായിരുന്ന വിത്തുകൾ ഉപേയാഗിച്ച് കൃഷി െചയ്യാത്തതിനാൽ
വലിയ ചിലവുകൾ ഒന്നും ഉണ്ടായിരുന്നില്ല. വീട്ടിേലക്കുള്ള വിളവുകൾ
മാ തേമ ലഭിച്ചിരുന്നുള്ളു.

● ചീര കൃഷി വളെര ലാഭകരവും െചലവ് കുറഞ്ഞതാണ്

● ഒരൽപ്പം സ്ഥലം ഉെണ്ടങ്കിൽ വീട്ടിൽ നമുെക്കാരു പച്ചക്കറി േതാട്ടം

ഉണ്ടാക്കാം. വിഷം ഇല്ലാത്ത പച്ചക്കറി നമുക്ക് വീട്ടിൽ ഉണ്ടാക്കാം. കൃഷി
കണ്ണിനും മനസ്സിനും കുളിർമ്മ നൽകുന്നു. നാം നട്ട െചടിയും അതിെല
പൂക്കലും കായ്കളും കാണുേമ്പാൾ ലഭിക്കുന്ന സേന്താഷം
പറഞ്ഞറിയിക്കാൻ പറ്റില്ല.

Presented by
Praveena S
BFT
 MOOC PROJECT
ORGANIC FARMING
REPORT

NAME - Nandana Githesh

CLASS NO. – 208
DEPARTMENT – BSc Chemistry
 ABSTRACT
Organic farming has emerged in this era in response to the
health, environment and sustainability problems. Taking up
organic farming proved to be the solution for the above issues.

In this project, I attempted to do farming completely organic

in order to understand the effect of such farming in the
categories of management, reliance and productivity along
with ecological balance.

The aim of this project is to attain an idea about the viability

and the possibility of performing organic farming in this era.

Under this, I intended to learn about the different methods and

process required in cultivation of crops relying on the local
and easy available equipments like pesticides, fertilizers,
manures, land etc. This project is also about learning how
organic farming can provide a better yield by using simple
and effective methods
 INTRODUCTION

Organic farming is defined as production of crop, animal, and

other products without the use of synthetic chemical fertilizer
and pesticides, transgenic species, or antibiotics and growth-
enhancing steroids, or other chemicals.

Organic farming has developed as a reaction to negative

effects of modern industrialized agriculture in the twentieth
century. These effects, mostly caused by use
of agrochemicals, are contamination of individual components
of the environment, decrease in soil fertility, decrease in plant
vitality and immunity, decrease in biodiversity, and lowered
quality of food with negative effect on human health.

Therefore, I have started a small organic farming as part of

my project as well as to understand the different ways of
growing useful crops organically and environment friendly.
The following are the data that I have recorded during the
farming process.
 MATERIALS & METHOD

1. Location of College and Student:-

I am Nandana Githesh residing at Kollad, Kottayam
studying Bachelor’s degree in Chemistry at
Assumption College, Changanacherry, Kottayam.

2. Crops Selected:-
Tomatoes, ginger, lady’s finger, pea plant, and
turmeric.

3. Source of seedlings/seeds:-
Tomatoes are grown using the seeds fresh from the
fruit.

Ginger was grown using a piece of ginger rhizome.

Similarly for turmeric too. Lady’s finger and pea are grown
from seeds.

4. Area/no. of grow bags:-

Farming was done in a small area in front of the house
using plant pots and grow bags as well as directly on earth.

No. of grow bags were 4.

5. Crop season:-
The seeds were sowed in the month of May during the summer season followed
by certain fluctuations in the season due to heavy rainfall patterns.
6. Weather condition prevailed:-
For few days between months of June-July there was heavy rain which stopped
in the middle of the month followed by high humidity and hot weather.

August weather was irregular. Heavy rains destroyed some of the crops and
some survived it.

7. Agricultural equipments & implements used:-

Plough, plant pots, grow bags were used as implements.

8. Manures used:-
Food wastes, cow dung powder were used as manures. A
good amount of manure was used to make the soil more
fertile and nutritious for the seedlings. It was spread on the
soil after 2or 3 weeks intervals to sustain the fertility and
nourishment along with water regularly in the evenings
except during rainy days

9. Bio- Pesticides:-
A natural pesticide was used to protect the plants. Salt spray, it helps to increase
nutrition absorption like magnesium and help plants take up vital nutrients like
phosphorous and sulphur.
10. Land/ Grow bag preparation:-
As mentioned before, a small amount of area in our front
backyard was used to plant the seedling in grow bags.
After the growth of the roots and stem up to a particular
height, the saplings were shifted to land from the grow
bags except lady’s finger and tomatoes
which continued to grow in the bag. The
ginger plant and turmeric was planted
directly into the ground.

The pea was placed in a grow bag. It was

kept in a place with minimum sunlight
because when kept in the area it started
growing faster.

Lady’s finger placed in a grow bag was kept

in area having enough sunlight as it requires maximum
light for the best growth since it is a summer crop.

Tomatoes were sown directly into the grow bag and was
kept in there for the entire season placed in the area
having sufficient sunlight.

Ginger plant grows well in humid and warm climate

with moderate rainfall. Ginger was sown in a well
drained soil as it grows best in it.

Turmeric was also sown next to ginger plant. It also requires warm and humid
climate. Being a shady plant it requires less amount of sunlight.

10.1. Basal application:-

The basal (organic fertilizers) used here was cow dung powder which is rich in
natural nutrients. It was applied and mixed with the soil one day before sowing
the seeds maintaining sufficient moisture. This increases the biological fertility
and concentration of minerals. This was done for all the plants in grow bags.
10.2 Top dressing:-
After the sowing of the seeds, a thin layer of compost is applied
on top. Here, we use food wastes and some manure for top
dressing. All the grow bags containing the seeds were top
dressed evenly.

11. Seedling/Planting:-
The seeds of tomatoes (2 pots), pea, and lady’s finger were first
soaked in water to open up the seeds a little bit for fast growth of
the radical and plumule. Soaking period was for one whole day.

After that the grow bags were prepared. The bed was first done
with a layer of natural soil. Some water was added. Then another
layer of the same soil was added again.

The top layer was layered with Cow dung manure rich in
all the organic minerals like iron, potassium etc. along with
some food compost like rice water, peels of cut vegetables
etc. for better nourishment of the seedlings and
maintenance of fertility.

Tomatoes started off with small branches which continued

to grow taller.

Lady’s finger grew slowly with small stems and less

leaves. But the plant was healthy and the stems were strong.
To increase the growth, more manure and compost with
water were added each week in the morning and evening.

After 30 days, the stems of the tomatoes were attached to a

separate stick to hold the tender stems. Then after few
weeks, first pot contained about 22 branches and the second
pot about 26 branches.

Later, a small yellow flower was observed which marked

the beginning for the formation of fruit.
 The pea began to grow faster within the few weeks after
sowing. It requires less water and more sunlight and a
little care only. The beginning stage included 2 branches
gradually increasing.

Ginger grew to a certain height within the few weeks of

sowing and after 90days ginger grew up to 90cm
attaining maturity.

Turmeric grew with 2 to 3 big leaves within two weeks

of sowing and gradually grew taller up to 90cm attaining maturity.

12. OBSERVATION AND DATA COLLECTION:-

Table: 1- Germination/ Plant Stand Establishment Percent
CROP GERMINATION ESTABLISHMENT
PERCENTAGE
Tomato 6-11 100%
Ginger 14 100%
Turmeric 14 100%
Pea 7 40%
Lady’s finger 7 20%

TABLE: 2- Height of Plants (cm)

CROP 15 DAYS 30 DAYS 45 DAYS 90 DAYS
Tomato 8cm 20cm 39cm Fruit
formation
Ginger 5cm 10cm 15cm 90cm
Turmeric nil 10cm 15cm 90cm
Pea 5cm 50cm nil nil
Lady’s Finger 25cm 30cm nil nil
TABLE: 3- Number of Branches
CROP 15 DAYS 30 DAYS 45 DAYS 90DAYS
Tomato 3 5-7 9-11 22-26
Ginger 2 6-7 9-10 9-10
Turmeric No branches 3-4 5-6 7-8
Pea 2 11-12 nil nil
Lady’s finger 2-3 9 nil nil

TABLE: 4- Days of First Flowering

CROP DAY OF 1ST FLOWERING DAYS AFTER
PLANTING
Tomato 17th May 20-30
Ginger There is no flowering stage as nil
it is a root plant
Turmeric Same as ginger nil
Pea nil nil
Lady’s finger nil nil

TABLE: 5- Days of First Fruiting

CROP DAY OF 1ST FRUITING DAYS AFTER
PLANTING
Tomato 20thth June 40-50
Ginger The complete fruit is only seen nil
after complete growth of the
plant
Turmeric Similar to ginger nil
Pea nil nil
Lady’s finger nil nil
TABLE: 6- Harvest Days
CROP HARVEST DAYS DAYS AFTER
PLANTING
Tomato 3rd July 40-60
Ginger 22nd August 90
Turmeric 22nd August 90
Pea nil nil
Lady’s finger nil nil

TABLE: 7- Number and weight of fruits from each harvest

CROP NUMBER WEIGHT
Tomato 2 10 gram
Ginger 4 400 gram
Turmeric - -
Pea nil nil
Lady’s finger nil nil

TABLE: 8- Cumulative yield (in kg)

CROPS CUMULATIVE YIELD
Tomato 0.50kg
Ginger 0.859kg
Turmeric -
Pea nil
Lady’s Finger nil

Note:-
During the heavy rains in the starting month of August, The pea plant and
lady’s finger did not survive the harsh conditions which led to its failure. Some
of its growth was noted which has been given below in the pictures.
13. Pictures of plant growth (flowering/ fruiting stages):-
Tomatoes

Providing support
After 90 days from planting
Pea Plant

Within 2 weeks

After 30 days
Ginger plant
Sowing of the plant

Growth within 3 months

Turmeric Plant
Within 1 month of sowing

After 3 months after planting

Lady’s finger

Within 2 weeks

After 30 days
 COST BENEFIT ANALYSIS
All the crops cultivated for organic farming were beneficial
despite some of the failures due to seasonal variations.
However, the crops were not merely for cost benefits but to be
used at home as well. Even though as said before certain crops
were a failure, we were able to receive sufficient yield from
the cultivation.
Ginger and turmeric were very useful for homely purposes.
Turmeric was grinned into powder and used for cooking.
Ginger as well.
Pea plant and lady’s finger were destroyed before the harvest.
Tomato was a success. Two plants of tomatoes were planted
which yielded some fruits that could be used in cooking.
The manures and bio-pesticides used for the nourishment
were also cost beneficial. They were completely organic and
made at home. Compost used from the from food waste were
a kind of a recycling method that’s helps the plants to get back
the nutrients and maintain the fertility of the soil. Salt water as
pesticide was very effective to protect the plants from
unwanted bugs.
 CONCLUSION
Organic farming is a beneficial activity which provides us not
only with fresh, chemical free crops but also enriches us with
the knowledge about different stages of plant growth- from
sowing till harvest.
Cultivating day to day required crops in the backyard during
such pandemic proved to be very helpful not only in the
kitchen but also for us as well as our environment. Farming is
a productive activity that all must start doing as this can be
something our future generation will take up more like a
culture and understand the importance of such activity that
will connect us to our roots.
Because of the pandemic, organic farming has been taken up
by many people as a pass time. Organic food ensures better
health and better lifestyle.
 എംജി യൂണിവേഴ്ിസ റ്റി നടത്തുന്ന ഓൺലൈൻ വ ോഴ്സോയ

'ജൈവ കൃഷി: അറിവ ും പഠനവ ും'

എന്നതുമോയി ബന്ധപെട്ടു നടത്തിയ പ്െേർത്തനങ്ങൾ സംബന്ധിച്ചു എഴുതിയ റിവപോർട്ട്.

സമർപിക്കുന്നത്

ഗായത്രി എസ്

ററാൾ നമ്പർ : 228

BSc.കകമിസ്ത്രി

അസുംപ്ഷൻ റകാളൈ് , ചങ്ങനാറേരി

അധ്യായും 1

ആമ ഖും

ആധുനി ൃഷിസപ്രദോയങ്ങളിപൈ അെോ ത ൾ ോരണം മണ്ും,

പേള്ളേും, േോയുേും, ഭക്ഷണേും മൈിനേും, േിഷമയേുമോയി
തീർന്നിരിക്കുന്ന ഈ ആധുനി ോൈഘട്ടത്തിൽ വെോഷ സരുഷ്ടേും
േിഷമയമില്ലോത്തതുമോയ ഭക്ഷണം ആേശ്യോനുസരണം
ഉത്െോദിപിക്കുേോനുള്ള ഒരു െദ്ധതിയോണ് ലജേ ൃഷി .മണ്ിന്പറയും
മനുഷയന്പറയും ആേോസേയേസ്ഥയുവടയും ആവരോഗ്യം നിൈനിർത്തുന്ന
ഒരു ഉല്ോപ ദന രീതിയോണ് ലജേ ൃഷിരീതി.രോസേളങ്ങൾ,
രോസ ീടനോശ്ിനി ൾ മുതൈോയേയുപട ഉെവയോഗ്ം െൂർണമോയും
ഒഴിേോക്കിപക്കോണ്ട് വരോസ്റ്റ്, െച്ചിൈ േളങ്ങൾ, ലജേ ീടനോശ്ിനി ൾ,
എന്നിേ മോപ്തം ഉെവയോഗ്ിച്ച്പ ോണ്ട് നടത്തുന്ന ലജേ ൃഷി, മണ്ിനും
പ്െ ൃതിക്കും ഏറ്റേും അനുവയോജയമോയതും െരിസ്ഥിതിക്ക്
യോപതോരുേിധത്തിൈുമുള്ള വ ടുെോടു ളും ഉണ്ടോക്കോത്തതുമോയ ഒരു ൃഷി
രീതി ആണ്. മണ്ിനും പ്െ ൃതിക്കും അനുസൃതമോയ ൃഷി പെയ്യു
എന്നതോണ് അതിന്പറ പ്െധോന തതവം.

ലജേ ൃഷിയും അത് പെയ്യുവരോൾ വനരിവടണ്ടി േരുന്ന പ്െശ്ങ്ങ ന ളും പ്െശ് ന

െരിഹോരങ്ങളും ൂടുതൽ ആഴത്തിൽ മനസിൈോക്കോൻ ഈ വ ോഴ്് സ മൂൈം
സോധിച്ചു. േിഷമില്ലോത്ത െച്ചക്കറി ൾ ൈഭയമോയി എന്നത് ൂടോപത വൈോക്ൗ ഡ ൺ
മൂൈമുള്ള മോനസി സമ്മർദ്ദത്തിന് അയേു േരുത്തുന്നതിനും
ലജേ ൃഷിയിൽ ഏർപപട്ടത് സഹോയ മോയി.
അധ്യായും 2

കൃഷിക്ക പറയാഗിച്ച വസ്ര ക്കള ും

കൃഷിരീരികള ും

2 .1: കൃഷിക്കായി കരരകെര ത്ത ത്പറേശും

വ ോട്ടയം ജില്ലയിപൈ െങ്ങനോവശ്രിയിൽ നിന്നും 17 ിമി അ പൈയുള്ള
പനടും ുന്നം എന്ന പ്ഗ്ോമപ്െവദ ശ്ത്തുള്ള േീട്ടുേളപോണ് ൃഷിക്കോയി
പതരപെടുത്തത്

2 .2 കരരകെര ത്ത വിളകൾ

തോപഴ പ ോടുത്തിരിക്കുന്ന 11 ഇനം െച്ചക്കറി ളോണ് ൃഷിക്കോയി ഞോൻ
പതരപെടുത്തത്.

1. സ്ൂത രി മെൾ 7. മുള ്

2. മെൾ 8. െയർ
3. ഇഞ്ചി 9. വെോളം
4. വെന 10. െടേൈം
5. വെര് 11. േഴുതന
6. പേണ്ട

2.2.1 വിള ഇനങ്ങൾ

I. മുള ിനങ്ങൾ --- ോന്തോരി മുള ിനങ്ങളോയ 1.മെ ോന്തോരി,
. 2. നോടൻ ോന്തോരി, 3. രണം പെോട്ടി, 4. മുന്തിരി മുള ്
,

െച്ച മുള ിനങ്ങളോയ --- 1. ഉജ്ജ്വൈ, 2. െി എസ് 95, 3. സൂരയമുഖി,

. 4. പ ോണ്ടോട്ടം മുള ്, 5. ബജ്ജ്ി മുള ്.

II. പേണ്ടയിനങ്ങൾ--- 1. നോടൻ പേണ്ട, 2. ആനപക്കോരൻ പേണ്ട,

. 3. ോളപക്കോരൻ പേണ്ട, 4. െുേപു പേണ്ട,
. 5. സ്ൂത രിപേണ്ട

III. േഴുതനയിനങ്ങൾ --- 1. വേവങ്ങരിേഴുതന ,2. പേള്ളേഴുതന, 3. സി ഓ 2

IV. െയർ- നോടൻ െച്ചപയർ , െുേന്ന െയർ

V. സ്ുത രിമെൾ- യഥോർത്ഥ സ്ുത രി മെൾ

VI. മെൾ ---തൈമുറ ളോയി ല മോറ്റം പെയ്തു േന്ന നോടൻ മെൾ ഇനം
VII. ഇഞ്ചി ----തൈമുറ ളോയി ല മോറ്റം പെയ്തു േന്ന നോടൻ ഇഞ്ചി ഇനം,
. െുേന്ന ഇഞ്ചി,

VIII. വെന -- നോടൻ വെന

IX. വെര് ---1. തോമരക്കണ്ൻ വെരു, 2. പേട്ടുവെര്, 3. സമൂൈം വെര്

X. െടേൈം- വബബി െടേൈം

XI. വെോളം

2.2.2 വിത്ത് അകെങ്കിൽ പച്ചക്കറിജരകള കര റത്സാരസ്സ്

1. പനടും ുന്നം ൃഷിഭേനിൽ നിന്നും ൈഭിച്ച പേജിറ്റബിൾ ആൻഡ് പ്രൂട്ട്
. പപ്െോവമോഷൻ ൗൺസിൽ, വ രളം ൈഭയമോക്കിയ േിത്തു ൾ;

2. െരരരോഗ്ത ർഷ രിൽ നിന്നും ൈഭയമോയ നോടൻ േിത്തിനങ്ങൾ;

3. നഴ്സറി ളിൽ നിന്നും േോങ്ങിയ ലഹപ്ബിഡ് ഇനങ്ങൾ;

2. 3 കൃഷിക്ക് ഉപറയാഗിച്ച റത്ഗാബാഗ കള കര എണ്ണവ ും

കൃഷി സ്ഥലത്തിന്കറ വിസ്ീ ത ർണ്ണവ ും
ൃഷിക്കോയി ഏ വദശ്ം 2 പസന്വറോളം സ്ഥൈേും അൻെവതോളം
വപ്ഗ്ോബോഗ്ു ളും ഉെവയോഗ്ിച്ചു.

പേയിൽ ുറേുള്ള സ്ഥൈമോയതിനോൽ പേയിൈിന്പറ ൈഭയത അനുസരിച്ചു

വപ്ഗ്ോബോഗ്ിന്പറ സ്ഥോനം മോറ്റിപ ോടുവക്കണ്ടി േന്നു.

2.4 കൃഷി കചയ്ത സമയും

2021 ഏപ്െിൽ ആദയേോരം ആരംഭിച്ച ൃഷി ഈ റിവപോർട്ട് തയോറോക്കുന്ന
ആഗ്സ്് ത മോസത്തിൈും തുടരുന്നു.

2.5 കൃഷി കചയ്ത സമയും ഉണ്ടായിര ന്ന കാലാവസ്ഥ

വേനൽക്കോൈത്തു ആണ് ൃഷി തുടങ്ങിയപതങ്കിൈും ോൈം പതറ്റി േന്ന മഴ
ൃഷിപയ പ്െതി ൂൈമോയി ബോധിച്ചു. ഏ വദശ്ം ഇരുെത്തഞ്ചിനും മുപതിനും
ഇടക്കുള്ള തോെനിൈയും ഇടേിട്ടിടേിട്ടുള്ള മഴയും ആയിരുന്നു ഈ
സമയത്തു ഉണ്ടോയിരുന്നത്. എട്ടു െത്തു ദിേസം ഒഴിച്ചോൽ ബോക്കി എല്ലോ
ദിേസേും തപന്ന ഈ ോൈയളേിൽ മഴ ഉണ്ടോയിരുന്നു.

2.6 ഉപറയാഗിച്ച കാർഷിറകാപകരണങ്ങൾ

. മൺപേട്ടി, തൂര, ല മോന്തി, സ്വപ്െപയർ, ത്തി , പ ോട്ട
2.7 മണ്ണിന്കറ അമ്ലര ക റയ്ക്കാൻ ഉപറയാഗിച്ച
പോർത്ഥങ്ങള ും അവയ കര അളവ ും
മണ്ിന്പറ അമ്ലത ുറയ്ക്കുന്നതിനോയി നോൈ് ിവൈോപ്ഗ്ോവമോളം ുമ്മോയം
ഉെവയോഗ്ിച്ചു.

2.8 വളങ്ങൾ
. ഉണക്കിപെോടിച്ച െോണ ം, വഗ്ോമൂപ്തം, ടൈ െിണ്ോക്ക് െുളിപിച്ചത്,
എല്ലുപെോടി, െച്ചിൈേളങ്ങൾ

2.8.1 റബസൽ അപ്ലിറക്കഷൻ

അടിേളമോയി എല്ലുപെോടിയും െോണ പപോടിയും െച്ചിൈ ളും
വെർത്തു. ഇവതോപടോപം െിതൽ നിയപ്ന്തണത്തിനോയി വേപിന്െിണ്ോക്കും
വെർത്തു.

2.8.2 റരാപ് ത്രസിങ്

. േളർച്ചയുപട േിേിധ ഘട്ടങ്ങളിൽ വമൽ േളമോയി വഗ്ോമൂപ്തം, ടൈ
െിണ്ോക്ക് െുളിപിച്ചത്, െോണ ം എന്നിേ വെർത്തു

2.9 ജൈവ കീരനാശിനികൾ

സയൂവഡോവമോണസ്, ബവേറിയ, ബോർവസോപ്-വേപപണ് മിപ്ശ്ിതം,
െു യിൈക്കഷോയം, . ലപ്ടവക്കോപഡർമ, ോന്തോരി
മുള ്- വഗ്ോമൂപ്തം മിപ്ശ്ിതം

2.11 . മറ്റ ത്പറയാഗങ്ങൾ

ലതര്- െോൽ ോയം മിപ്ശ്ിതം മുള ിന്പറ ഇൈ മുരടിപ് മോറോനും ൂടുതൽ
േിളേ് ഉണ്ടോ ോനും ഉെവയോഗ്ിച്ചു.

നോൈ് നോരങ്ങയുപട നീരും രണ്ടു സ്ൂപ ൺ ലതരും ഒരല്ം പ ശ്ർക്കരയും

വെർത്ത മിപ്ശ്ിതത്തിൽ രണ്ടു െച്ച മുട്ട രണ്ടോഴ് ച ഇട്ടു പേച്ചു. അതിനു വശ്ഷം മുട്ട
പെോട്ടിച്ചു മിപ്ശ്ിതമുണ്ടോ ു യും േീണ്ടുമതു രണ്ടോഴ് ച ൂടി സൂക്ഷിച്ച്
േയ്ക്കു യും പെയ്തു.

അങ്ങപന നിർമിച്ച എഗ്ഗ് അമിവനോ ആസിഡ് മൂന്നു എംഎൽ ഒരു ൈിറ്റർ

പേള്ളത്തിൽ വെർത്ത് പെടി ൾപക്കോഴിച്ചു. െൂേ് ഉണ്ടോ ോൻ േളപര
നല്ലതോണിത്.
2.12 വിള പരിപാലനും

2.12.1 മകണ്ണാര ക്കൽ

നന്നോയി ിളപച്ചോരുക്കിയ മണ്ിൽ തടങ്ങൾ ഉണ്ടോക്കി. ഇതിനു വശ്ഷം ആ
തടങ്ങളിൽ ഉണങ്ങിയ രിയിൈ ൂട്ടിയിട്ടു ത്തിച്ചു. അങ്ങപന അണു
േിമുക്തമോക്കിയ തടങ്ങളിൽ, ുമ്മോയം വെർത്തു ഇളക്കി. രണ്ടു
ദിേസത്തിന് വശ്ഷം ഉണങ്ങിയ െോണ പപോടി, െച്ചിൈേളങ്ങൾ,
ലപ്ടവക്കോപഡർമ എന്നിേ വെർത്ത് തടപമോരുക്കി.

2.12.2 ജലമിങ്
നന്നോയി ിളപച്ചോരുക്കിയ മണ്ിൽ തടങ്ങൾ ഉണ്ടോക്കി. ഇതിനു വശ്ഷം ആ
തടങ്ങളിൽ ഉണങ്ങിയ രിയിൈ ൂട്ടിയിട്ടു ത്തിച്ചു. അങ്ങപന അണു
േിമുക്തമോക്കിയ തടങ്ങളിൽ, പസന്റിന് 2 ിവൈോ േീതം ുമ്മോയം വെർത്തു
ഇളക്കി. വപ്ഗ്ോബോഗ്ിന് മപണ്ോരുക്കുവരോഴും അമ്ലത ുറയ്ക്കുന്നതിനോയി
ആേശ്യത്തിന് ുമ്മോയം വെർത്തിളക്കി

2.12.3 അരിവളും റചർക്കൽ

ഉണങ്ങിയ െോണ പപോടി, െച്ചിൈേളങ്ങൾ, ലപ്ടവക്കോപഡർമ എന്നിേ
അടിേളമോയി വെർത്തോണ് തടപമോരുക്കിയത്.

2.12.4 റത്ഗാബാകഗാര ക്കൽ

വപ്ഗ്ോബോഗ്് നിറക്കുന്നതിനോയി െറരിൽ നിപന്നടുത്ത മണ്് ുമ്മോയേും
ലപ്ടവക്കോഡർമയും െോണ പപോടിയും വെർത്തിളക്കി മൂന്നു ദിേസം
പ്ലോസ്റ്റി ് ഷീറ്റ് പ ോണ്ട് മൂടിയിട്ടു അണുേിമുക്തമോക്കി.. ഈ മണ്ോണ്
വപ്ഗ്ോബോഗ്ു ൾ നിറയ്ക്കോനോയി ഉെവയോഗ്ിച്ചത്. പെടി ൾ നടുന്നതിനു മുൻെ്
മണ്ിൽ അൽപം സയുവഡോവമോണസും വെർത്തു.

2.12.5 വിത്ത് വിരയ്ക്കല ും രയ് നരീല ും

വെന, വെര് മുതൈോയ ിഴങ്ങ് േർഗ്ഗങ്ങളുപടയും ഇഞ്ചി, മെൾ, സ്ുത രി
മെൾ മുതൈോയേയുപടയും േിത്തു ൾ മുൻ േർഷപത്ത േിളേിൽ നിന്നും
േിത്തിനോയി സൂക്ഷിച്ചു േച്ചിരുന്നതോണ് ഉെവയോഗ്ിച്ചത്. നടുന്നതിനു
മുൻെോയി െച്ച െോണ ം െുരട്ടി െു യത്ത് േച്ച് മുളപിച്ചതിനു വശ്ഷമോണ്
നട്ടത്.

സ്തൂരി മെൾ മൂന്നു വപ്ഗ്ോബോഗ്ു ളിൈും ബോക്കിയുള്ളേ തറയിൽ

തടപമോരുക്കിയുമോണ് നട്ടത്.

െയർ, ോന്തോരി മുള ു ൾ, വെോളം ഇേ വനരിട്ട് വപ്ഗ്ോബോഗ്ിൽ െോ ി

ിളിർപിച്ചു.

െയർ, പേണ്ട എന്നിേയുപട േിത്തു ൾ വെപർ പിൈും േിത്ത്

മുളപിക്കുേോനുള്ള വപ്ട ളി ൈും െോ ി മുളപിച്ചു . C-pom എന്ന
ലജേമോധയമമോണ് നടോൻ ഉെവയോഗ്ിച്ചത്. നടുന്നതിനു മുൻെോയി േിത്തു ൾ
സയുവഡോവമോണോസ് ൈോയനിയിൽ ുതിർത്തിരുന്നു.
ആദയം മുളച്ചത് െയറോണ്. രണ്ട് മൂന്ന് ദിേസം പ ോണ്ട് അേ മുളച്ച് േന്നു.

പേണ്ട േിത്തു ൾ ച യോളം എടുത്തു.

മുളക്കോൻ ഒരോഴ്വ

ച യടുത്തതോണ്
ഒന്നരയോഴ്പ ോന്തോരി മുള ് േിത്തു ൾ മുളച്ചത്.

െച്ചമുള ിനങ്ങൾ െടേൈം, േഴുതനയിനങ്ങൾ എന്നിേയുപട ലത ൾ നഴ്

സറിയിൽ നിന്ന് േോങ്ങി സയുവഡോവമോണോസ് ൈോയനിയിൽ മുക്കി േച്ചതിനു
വശ്ഷമോണ് വപ്ഗ്ോബോഗ്ു ളിൽ നട്ടത്.

2.12.6. റരാപ് ത്രസ്സിങ്

േളർച്ചയുപട േിേിധ ഘട്ടങ്ങളിൽ വമൽ േളമോയി വഗ്ോമൂപ്തം, ടൈ െിണ്ോക്ക്
െുളിപിച്ചത്, െോണ ം എന്നിേ വെർത്തു

2.12.7 കീര - റരാഗ നിയത്രണും

ിഴങ്ങ് േർഗ്ഗ േിള ളിൽ ോരയമോയ ിട, വരോഗ് ബോധ ൾ ഉണ്ടോയില്ല.

ച ിൽ ഒന്ന്
െച്ചക്കറി േിള ളിൽ സയുവഡോവമോണസും ബവേറിയയും ആഴ്യ
േീതം പ്െവയോഗ്ിച്ചു

പേണ്ടയിൽ പമോലസ ് വരോഗ്ത്തിന്പറയും ഇൈ െുരുട്ടി െുഴുേിന്പറയും

ശ്ൈയമുണ്ടോയി. പമോലസ ് വരോഗ്ം തടയോനോയി വേപപണ് പേളുത്തുള്ളി
മിപ്ശ്ിതം പ്െവയോഗ്ിച്ച്. ഇൈ െുരുട്ടി െുഴു ബോധിച്ച ഇൈ െുരുളു ൾ െറിച്ച്
നശ്ിപിച്ചു .

മുള ിൽ ബോധിച്ച ഇൈ മുരടിപ് തടയോൻ െോൽക്കോയം ലതര് മിപ്ശ്ിതേും

െുളിപിച്ച െിപേള്ളം വനർപിച്ചതും സഹോയ മോയി.

െടേൈത്തിൽ െട േൈപുഴുേിന്പറയും ോയിച്ചയുപടയും ശ്ൈയമുണ്ടോയി.

െടേൈപുഴുേിപന പെറുക്കിപയടുത്ത് നശ്ിപിച്ചു. ോയീച്ചപയ തടയോൻ മെ
ോർഡും പരറവമോണ് പ ണിയും ഉെവയോഗ്ിച്ചു.

േഴുതനയിൈുണ്ടോയ ബോ ്റ്റീരിയൽ േോട്ടം തടയോൻ ുമ്മോയേും ലപ്ടവക്കോ

പഡര്മ യും പ്െവയോഗ്ിപച്ചങ്കിൈും ോരയമോയ പ്െവയോജനം ഉണ്ടോയില്ല. ആദയം നട്ട
േഴുതനയിൽ െൈതും െൂേ് േന്നതിനു വശ്ഷേും ആദയമോയി ോയ്ച്ചതിനു
വശ്ഷേും നശ്ിച്ചു വെോയി. രണ്ടോമത് േീണ്ടും നട്ട േഴുതനപച്ചടി ൾ െൂത്തു
തുടങ്ങി.

2.12.8. ൈലറസചനും
മഴക്കോൈമോയതിനോൽ വപ്ഗ്ോബോഗ്ിൈും തടങ്ങളിൈും പേള്ളം
പ ട്ടിനിൽക്കോപത സൂക്ഷിവക്കണ്ടിേന്നു.
2.12.9 വിളകവര പ്പ്
പമയ് െ ുതിവയോപട പേണ്ടയിപൈ ോയ്കൾ േിളപേടുപിനു െോ മോയിരുന്നു.
ഒന്നോം ഘട്ട േിളപേടുപിനു വശ്ഷം േീണ്ടും അേ െൂക്കോൻ തുടങ്ങി.പമയ്
അേസോനവത്തോപട െടേൈം ോയ്ച്ചു തുടങ്ങി. ജൂൺ മോസത്തിൽ ധോരോളം
ോയ്കൾ ൈഭിപച്ചങ്കിൈും ജൂലൈ അേസോനവത്തോപട മഴ ോരണം െട േൈ
പെടി ൾ .എല്ലോം അഴു ി വെോയി.

ജൂൺ മോസം മുതൽ ോയ്ക്കോൻ തുടങ്ങിയ മുള ് ഈ റിവപോർട്ട് തയോറോക്കുന്ന

സമയത്തും ധോരോളം േിളേ് തന്നുപ ോണ്ടിരിക്കുന്നു. മഴ ോരണം െൂക്കോൻ
ലേ ിയ െയർ പെടി ൾ ോയ്ച്ചു തുടങ്ങി.

േഴുതന ളിൽ നിന്ന് േളപര ുറച്ച് േിളേ് മോപ്തവമ ിട്ടിയുള്ളൂ. ജൂൺ

അേസോനവത്തോപട എല്ലോ വെോളപച്ചടി ളിൈും ോയ്കളുണ്ടോയി. ിഴങ്ങ്
േർഗ്ഗങ്ങൾ േിളപേടുപിനു സമയമോയിട്ടിൈ
അധ്യായും 3
നിരീക്ഷണങ്ങള ും വിവരറശഖരണവ ും
പട്ടിക 1

വിത്ത് മ ളച്ചരിന്കറയ ും പൂർണ്ണവളർച്ചകയത്തിയരിന്കറയ ും

വിശോുംശങ്ങൾ

ഇനും . നട്ട കിളിർത്തര് പൂർണ്ണ ശരമാനും

എണ്ണും/ വളർച്ചകയത്തിയര്
രരും
വെന 10 10 10 100
വെര് 10 10 10 100
മെൾ 2 രരും 2 രരും 2 രരും 100
സ്ുത രി 3 3 3 100
മെൾ
ഇഞ്ചി 2 രരും 2 രരും 2 രരും 100
െയർ 4 4 4 100
പേണ്ട 20 15 10 50
െച്ചമുള ് 10 9 8 80
െടേൈം 8 6 6 75
േഴുതന 10 10 3 30
ോന്തോരി 30 18 9 30
വെോളം 6 5 5 83

പട്ടിക 2

കചരികള കര ഉയരും (cm)

15 - )o 30 - )o 45 - )o 60 - )o 75 - )o 90 - )o
ഇനും േിവ േിവ േിവ േിവ േിവ േിവ
സും സും സo സും സും സും
വെന 10 120
വെര് 8 101
മെൾ 5 33 82
സ്ുത രി 5 20 76
മെൾ
ഇഞ്ചി 7 30 52
െയർ 15 40 90
പേണ്ട 8 22 50 90 161 167
െച്ചമുള ് 18 34 90 168 170 170 172
െടേൈം 31 79 150
േഴുതന 6 24 49 79
ോന്തോരി 3 9 16 40 160 165 165
വെോളം 7 19 48 112 180 182 182
പട്ടിക 3

ശാഖകള കര എണ്ണും

15 - )o 30 - )o 45 - )o 60 - )o 75 - )o 90 - )o
ഇനും േിവ േിവ േിവ േിവ േിവ േിവ
സും സും സ സും സും സും
വെന -- -- -- -- -- -- --
വെര് -- -- -- -- -- -- ---
മെൾ -- -- -- -- -- -- --
സ്ുത രി -- -- -- -- -- -- --
മെൾ
ഇഞ്ചി -- -- -- -- -- -- ---
െയർ -- -- 4 20 -- -- --
പേണ്ട -- -- -- 3 3 3 --
െച്ചമുള ് -- -- 3 8 10 -- --
െടേൈം -- 3 12 -- -- -- --
േഴുതന -- -- -- 3 6 -- --
ോന്തോരി -- -- 4 10 14 -- --
വെോളം -- -- -- -- -- -- --

പട്ടിക 4

ആേയമായി പൂവിട്ട േിവസും

പൂവിട്ട
ഇനും േിവ
സും
വെന --
വെര് --
മെൾ --
സ്ുത രി --
മെൾ
ഇഞ്ചി --
െയർ 64
പേണ്ട 40
െച്ചമുള ് 43
െടേൈം 39
േഴുതന 78
ോന്തോരി 58
വെോളം 74
പട്ടിക 5

ആേയമായി കായ ണ്ടായ േിവസും

കായ
ഇനും ണ്ടായ
േിവസും
വെന --
വെര് --
മെൾ --
സ്ുത രി --
മെൾ
ഇഞ്ചി --
െയർ 66
പേണ്ട 44
െച്ചമുള ് 47
െടേൈം 54
േഴുതന 90
ോന്തോരി 63
വെോളം 85

പട്ടിക 6

വിളകവര പ്പ് േിനങ്ങൾ

േിവ േിവ േിവ

ഇനും സും സും സും
വെന
വെര്
മെൾ
സ്ുത രി
മെൾ
ഇഞ്ചി
െയർ 70 85 100
പേണ്ട 53 66 84
െച്ചമുള ് 68 89 115
െടേൈം 69 89 95
േഴുതന 100 115
ോന്തോരി 78 89 118
വെോളം 105 108 114
പട്ടിക 7

ഓറരാ വിളകവര പ്പില ും ലഭിച്ച വിളകള കര എണ്ണും/ ഭാരും

1 2 3
ഇനും
വെന
വെര്
മെൾ
സ്ുത രി
മെൾ
ഇഞ്ചി
െയർ 3 എണ്ണും 13 എണ്ണും 0.5 KG
പേണ്ട 4 എണ്ണും 20 എണ്ണും 0.75 KG
െച്ചമുള ് 30 എണ്ണും 0.5 KG 1. KG
െടേൈം 0.5 KG 1.5 KG 1.75 KG
േഴുതന 1 എണ്ണും 3 എണ്ണും --
ോന്തോരി 15 എണ്ണും .25 KG .75 KG
വെോളം 1 എണ്ണും 2 എണ്ണും 2 എണ്ണും

പട്ടിക 8

സഞ്ചിരവിളവ്

ലഭിച്ച
ഇനും വിളവ്
വെന --
വെര് --
മെൾ --
സ്ുത രി --
മെൾ
ഇഞ്ചി --
െയർ 0.75KG
പേണ്ട 1KG
െച്ചമുള ് 1.75KG
െടേൈം 3.75KG
േഴുതന 4 എണ്ണും
ോന്തോരി 1KG
വെോളം 5 എണ്ണും
അദ്ധ്യായും 4 ചിത്രങ്ങൾ

4.1 റത്ഗാബാഗ് രയ്യാറാക്കല ും റല ഔട്ട ും

4.2 പൂവിര ന്ന ഘട്ടും

വെോളം പേണ്ട

മുള ് െയർ

േഴുതന
4.3 ഫലങ്ങള ും വിളകവര പ്പ ും

വെോളം പേണ്ട

മുള ് േഴുതന

െടേൈം
ഇഞ്ചി - വളർച്ചയ കര വിവിധ് ഘട്ടങ്ങൾ
 മെൾ

വെര് വെന
അദ്ധ്യായും 5

ധ്നലാഭ വിശകലനും

കചലവ്.

വപ്ഗ്ോബോഗ്് 50 എണ്ം Rs. 650

സയുവഡോവമോണോസ് - 500gm Rs. 70

ടൈപിണ്ോക്ക് 1 Kg Rs. 50

വേപിൻെിണ്ോക്ക് 1 Kg Rs. 40

ലപ്ടവക്കോപഡര്മ 500 g Rs. 70

ബവേറിയ ബോസിയോന 250g Rs.100

C – POM 20KG Rs. 400

Total Rs. 1380/-

വരവ്

ലഭിച്ച ലഭിച്ച
ഇനും വില./കക രൂ ര ക
ൈി ക്കും

വെന
വെര്
മെൾ
സ്ുത രി
മെൾ
ഇഞ്ചി
െയർ Rs. 50 0.75kg Rs.38
പേണ്ട Rs. 30 1.Kg Rs. 30
െച്ചമുള ് Rs. 40 1.75 KG Rs. 70
െടേൈം Rs. 30 3.75 Rs. 113
KG
േഴുതന Rs. 45 0.25kg Rs.10
ോന്തോരി Rs. 250 1 KG Rs.250
വെോളം 20/no. 5 Rs.100
എ
ണ്ണും

Total Rs. 611/-

വിശകലനും

ലജേ െച്ചക്കറി ൃഷിക്കോയി ഏതോണ്ട് 1380 രുെ പെൈേോയി. ഇതുേപര

നടത്തിയ 3 േിളപേടുപ് ളുപട ണക്ക് മോപ്തമോണ് ഇേിപട
വരഖപപടുത്തിയിരിക്കുന്നത്. ഒന്നും തപന്ന േില്നപ നടത്തിയില്ല. േീട്ടിപൈ
ആേശ്യത്തിനും അയൽക്കോർക്കും സുഹൃത്തുക്കൾക്കും നൽ ു യുമോണ്
പെയ്തത.് ഓവരോ ഇനത്തിന്പറയും വരോളത്തിപൈ ഏ വദശ്േിൈ
ണക്കോക്കിയുള്ള ഒരു ണക്കു ൂട്ടൈോണ് അദ്ധയോയം 5 ൽ
നൽ ിയിരിക്കുന്നത് . മുന്ന് പ്െോേശ്യപത്ത േിളപേടുപിനു വശ്ഷം ഇവപോഴും
ഇേയിൽ നിന്നും േിളപേടുപ് നടത്തുന്നുണ്ട്. ൂടോപത ിഴങ്ങ് േർഗ്ഗ
േിള ളോയ വെന, വെര്, മെൾ, സ്ുത രിമെൾ, ഇഞ്ചി എന്നിേ
േിളപേടുക്കോൻ െോ മോയിട്ടില്ല.അതിനോൽ അേയിൽ നിന്നുള്ള േരുമോനം
ഇേിപട ണക്കിപൈടുത്തിട്ടില്ല.

ഇപ്തയും ൃഷി പെയ്ത അനുഭേത്തിൽ നിന്നും ലജേ ൃഷി ഒരിക്കൈും

സോരത്തി മോയി നഷ്ടമുണ്ടോക്കില്ല എന്ന് മനസ്സിൈോക്കോം.

അത് ൂടോപത സോരത്തി ോടിസ്ഥോനത്തിൽ ണക്കു ൂട്ടോനോേോത്ത

േളപരവയപറ പ്െവയോജനങ്ങൾ ലജേ ൃഷിയിൽ വേപറയുമുപണ്ടന്ന് ോണോം.

േിഷരഹിതമോയ െച്ചക്കറി ൾ നമുക്ക് ൈഭിക്കുന്നു എന്നതോണ് അതിൽ

ഒന്നോമവത്തത്. ൃഷിപണി ളിൽ ഏർപപടുന്നത് മൂൈം ൈഭിക്കുന്ന ശ്ോരീരി
േയോയോമേും മോനസിവ ോല്ലോസേും േിൈമതിക്കോനോേോത്തതോണ്.
അധ്യായും 6
ഈ ത്പറേശത്തിന് ഏറ്റവ ും അന റയാൈയവ ും ലാഭകരവ മായ വിളയ ും
അരിന്കറ കാരണങ്ങള ും

എന്പറ ൃഷി അനുഭേത്തിൽ നിന്നും ഈ പ്െവദശ്ത്ത് ഏറ്റേും

അനുവയോജയമോയ േിള മുള ് ഇനങ്ങൾ ആപണന്നോണ് മനസ്സിൈോക്കോൻ
ഴിെത്.

തുടർച്ചയോയി പെയ്യുന്ന മഴ, മുളപ ോഴിപ എല്ലോ േിള പളയും േളപര

പ്െതി ൂ ൈമോയി ബോധിക്കുന്നു. െടേൈം, തുടങ്ങിയ മറ്റു െൈ പെടി ളും
മഴയിൽ െൂർണ്മോയും നശ്ിക്കു യുണ്ടോയി. െയറിൽ േിളേ്
ുറേോ ുന്നതിനും മഴ ോരണമോയി

മീൈി, പേള്ളീച്ച, എന്നിേയുപട ആപ് മണം മഴക്കോൈത്ത് ുറേോണ് എന്നത്

മുള ിന്പറ േളര്ച്ച്െയ്ക്ക് സഹോയ മോണ്. സോധോരണയോയി മുള ിപന
ബോധിക്കുന്ന ഇൈ മുരടിപും മഴക്കോൈത്ത് ുറേോണ് .

നോട്ടിൽ മുള ിന് എവപോഴും േിെണിയുണ്ട്, പ്െവതയ ിച്ചും ോന്തോരി മുള ്

ആവരോഗ്യസംരക്ഷണത്തിന് ഉത ുന്നു എന്നതിനോൽ ഏപറ ആേശ്യക്കോരുണ്ട്.
ോന്തോരിമുള ് ഒരു നല്ല ലജേ ീടനോശ്ിനി ൂടിയോണ്.

മുള ് ഉെവയോഗ്ിച്ച് പ ോണ്ടോട്ടം, വസോസ് തുടങ്ങിയ മുൈയ േർദ്ധിത

ഉൽപന്നങ്ങൾ േീടു ളിൽ തപന്ന നിർമ്മിക്കുന്നതിനും സോധിക്കും.

മറ്റു േിള പള അവെക്ഷിച്ച് ുറെ െരിെെരണം മതി എന്നതിനോൽ മുള ്

ൃഷി തോരതവമയന എളുപേുമോണ്.
സുംത്ഗഹും

മണ്ിനും പ്െ ൃതിക്കും ഏറ്റേും അനുവയോജയമോയ ഒരു ൃഷിരീതി ആണ്

ലജേ ൃഷി. ലജേ ൃഷിപയ അടുത്ത് അറിയുന്നതിന് ഈ പപ്െോജ ്റ്റ്
മൂൈം സോധിച്ചു. മുള ്, മെൾ, വെന,െടേൈം മുതൈോയ 11 ഇനം േിള ൾ
ആണ് ൃഷിക്കോയി പതരപെടുത്തത്. ഓവരോ േിളയുവടയും നോടൻ
ഇനങ്ങൾ ആണ് പ്െധോനമോയി ഉെവയോഗ്ിച്ചത്. രണ്ടു പസന്വറോളം സ്ഥൈേും
അൻെവതോളം വപ്ഗ്ോബോഗ്ു ളും ഉെവയോഗ്ിച്ചു. ലജേ േളങ്ങളോണ്
േളർച്ചയുപട േിേിധ ഘട്ടങ്ങളിൽ ഉെവയോഗ്ിച്ചത്. ഇൈെുരുട്ടിപുഴു, ഇൈ
ന
മുരടിപ്, െടേൈപുഴു, ബോ ്റ്റീരിയൽ േോട്ടം മുതൈോയ പ്െശ്ങ്ങ ൾ േിേിധ
േിള ൾ വനരിട്ടു. ഇേയിൽ നിന്ന് പെടി പള രക്ഷിക്കുന്നതിനോയി
െോൽക്കോയം-ലതര് മിപ്ശ്ിതം മുതൈോയ ലജേോധിഷ്ഠിത ീടനോശ്ിനി ൾ
ഉെവയോഗ്ിച്ചു. ഏപ്െിൽ മുതൽ ആഗ്സ്് ത േപരയുള്ള ോൈയളേിൽ മൂന്നു
േിളപേടുപിൈൂപട ഏതോണ്ട് അഞ്ചു ിവൈോപ്ഗ്ോമിന് വമൈിൽ െച്ചക്കറി ൈഭിച്ചു.
േിളപേടുപ് ഇവപോഴും തുടരു യോണ്.
കൃരജ്ഞര
ഇങ്ങിപന ഒരു വപ്െോജക്് ട പെയ്യുേോൻ നൽ ിയത് േഴി െച്ചക്കറി
ൃഷിപയക്കുറിച്ച് ൂടുതൽ അറിയുേോനും അങ്ങിപന പ്െ ൃതിയുമോയി
ബന്ധമുണ്ടോക്കുേോനും അേസരപമോരുക്കിയ ഞങ്ങളുപട അധയോെ ർക്ക്,

ൃഷിക്കോേശ്യമോയ പ്െോവയോഗ്ി മോർഗ്ഗനിർവദ്ദശ്ങ്ങൾ നൽ ിയ െുറ്റുേട്ടപത്ത

െരരരോഗ്ത ർഷ ർക്ക്, എല്ലോ സഹോയ സഹ രണങ്ങളും നൽ ിയ
രക്ഷോ ർത്തോക്കൾക്ക്, െരസ്ര പ മുള്ള െർച്ച ളിൈൂപടയും ഉെവദശ്
നിർവദ്ദശ്ങ്ങളിൈൂപടയും വപ്െോത്സോഹനം നൽ ിയ സുഹൃത്തുക്കൾക്കും
സഹെോഠി ൾക്കും .......നന്ദി ...... നന്ദി........നന്ദി......
 Mahatma Gandhi University

MOOC ON ORGANIC FARMING

Organic farming project for 1st year students

Submitted by

Devika Lekshmi .S

I DC Chemistry

Assumption College Autonomous, Changanaserry

 In this project, I tried to assess the
relevance ,reliance and the effect of organic farming
on management of ecological balancing. The
objective of this task was to investigate the feasibility
and plausibility of the concept of organic farming, in
a limited time period. Under this task, I intended to
study organic farming as multifunctional agriculture,
through observation of various stages. This project
aimed on relying on local and easily available
resources, economic efficiency and economic aims,
longterm security to yield, bio-diversity, ecological
aims, functioning of eco systems, stability, social
aims, selfprovided workforce, fulfilling local needs or
at least that of the members of a family.

Organic Farming follows the principle of circular

causation and has emerged in response to questions
on health, environment and sustainability issues.
INTRODUCTION

Massive Open Online Course (originated in US in

2008) on organic farming, a project for first semester
students introduced by Mahatma Gandhi University is
to make understand the need for organic farming
that contributes to the better acknowledgement of
sustainability and thereby biodiversity. Awareness on
organic farming is an urgent need of the hour, as it
provides the choice of a “healthy life”. Organic
farming is an integrated farming system that strives
for sustainability. It is much in vogue today because
of its health benefits as well as the avoidance of
chemical usage and ongoing changing patterns of
food consumption and lifestyle.

I am Devika Lekshmi.S 1st year B.Sc Chemistry

student of Assumption College Autonomous
Changanasherry.
I am presenting this report to explain the output I
have received from organic farming.

CHAPTER 2 – MATERIALS AND METHODS CROPS

SELECTED :

1. Spinach

2. Green chilly

3.Tapioca

4. Ginger

5. Pea plant

6. Turmeric

SOURCE OF SEEDS/SEEDLINGS:

Seeds/seedlings used for planting was from different

sources. Seeds of spinach was from
Krishibhavan ,tapioca and turmeric was given by a
farmer who lives nearby whereas green chilly and
green pea was planted using the seeds after the use
of it in my home. Fresh rhizomes of ginger was
bought from a nursery.

AREA/NUMBER OF GROW BAGS

Out of this six, Spinach, Green Chilly, and Ginger

were planted in the backyard where it was possible to
receive six to eight hours direct sunlight and fertile
soil. We used approximately 100 square meters for
planting spinach, green chilly and ginger. Pea was
planted in a grow bag. It was then grown to a
“panthal”/shade after 2-3 weeks.

Tapioca and turmeric were planted on ground.

Tapioca at a site where it receives optimum sunlight
needed and turmeric under the shades of big trees
like jackfruit and mango.

Everything was well-planted and cared enough that

their yield was better than expected. All the factors
contributed to their yield. Even though, after the first
course, the rest of the spinach was destroyed with
the flooding caused by heavy rainfall then and the
leaves of pea plant had pest attack which was taken
care as soon as noticed.

MANURE:

Dried cow dung was mostly used as it was best for

organic farming. We could obtain it from someone we
knew, so it didn’t cost anything. Cow dung powder
use in growing plants can help to provide the
nutrients needed for the healthy growth of the
greens. Along with this dried cow dung, bio-waste
was also used for its nourishment which was
available with no much effort, but effective enough. A
fermented mixture of jaggery, cow dung and curd
was also used in the course of time. Its use add much
benefit along the way. Green leaves was also used for
Ginger.
BIO-PESTICIDES:

Bio-pesticides was used for better yield and pest

control. Neem oil was used. Neem oil has a dual
purpose as both a pesticide and a fungicide. It works
on arthropod pests that often eat your vegetables.

It also controls the common fungi that grows on

vegetable plants including Mildews.

Neem cake was used as a pest repellent also it

increases the water holding capacity of the soil. It
reduces the alkalinity of the soil, as it produces
organic acids on decomposition. Also, it ensures the
fertility of the soil. Plant related Pseudomonas was
used for immunity and for synthesizing growth-
stimulating plant hormones. Weeds were removed
using manual labour.
LAND PREPARATION:

As mentioned earlier, about 100 square meters was

used for organic farming. Even though spinach,
ginger and chilly was planted in the backyard, each
one of them was planted specifically with much
differences. Spinach was planted in a bed formation
after ploughing for 2-3 times. It was planted in a
convenient space where it could receive both rainfall
and sunlight well enough. Used a shovel to turn the
soil around, so the top soil was in the bottom. Broke
apart large clods of dirt, until all of the soil had a
similar size and consistency.

The soil was the loosened using a garden hoe. Weeds

were removed. Lime was mixed. Bed was prepared a
week before sowing. For Ginger, a plot used which
could receive 8 sunlight and was planted with half a
feet distance. The plot was covered with green
leaves. And cow dung was put and let it to
disintegrate. Green chilly was planted in a very fertile
part of the soil, which had a better water holding
capacity as well.

For planting pea in the grow bag, a bag of 20 kilo was

used. The base was a mixture of soil, coconut husk,
cow dung and Neem cake. 3/4th of the bag was filled
with soil. Kneaded and shook the soil in the grow bag
to loosen it up. After one week, a week grown pea
plants were replanted to this grow bag. Pea required
much care and attention. A shade/”panthal” (netting)
(as it is a climber) was used for its further growth. It
required much sunlight and was planted so.

SEEDING/PLANTING:

Spinach, pea, ginger, green chilly were the ones

planted. Spinach was sowed along with semolina
(rava) in double the quantity of seeds in the bed
formation. It prevented the menace created by ants
and other insects. And after one week, the seeds
sprouted. The then grown spinach was replanted 9
once the stem was elongated with space in between.
Water was regularly sprayed. After 2 weeks, watering
was done only in alternative days. After 3 weeks, we
were able to yield. Ginger was planted as it was
applicable to the humid and warm atmosphere. A
good source of ginger for planting is fresh rhizomes
from another grower. Before planting, the ginger
rhizomes was cut into 1- 1 1/2 inch pieces and set
them aside for a few days and allowed the cut
surface area to heal and form a callus. Well
developed growth buds were planted. The rhizomes
were planted 6- 8 inches apart, 2-4 inches deep and
with the growth bud pointing upwards. They grew
about 2-3 feet tall. They were not allowed to dry out
while they were actively growing.

Watering was done less when the weather was

cooler. Green Chilly was planted in the best time to
grow and get yield. We planted them in the ground
and maintained enough space required between the
seed. It was watered frequently and well placed to
get 5-6 hours of sunlight. Pea was initially sowed in a
soil bed formation. After sprouting it was replanted
into the grow bag.

Tapioca was planted 4 feet apart in a row and 4 feet

in between the rows at a spot where they can mature
without shading plants. Tapioca grows well even
without additional nutrients but a little fertilizer gives
them a boost. Two weeks after planting sprinkle
granular 5-10-10 fertilizer for every 30 square feet of
soil surface.

Gently work the fertilizer into the top 1 inch of the

soil carefully so that you do not disturb the plants
including the roots. Watering the site thoroughly until
the soil is evenly damp completes the fertilizer
application.
CHAPTER 3 - PHOTOS
CHAPTER 4 – COST-BENEFIT ANALYSIS

All the crops I cultivated was benefitting. It wasn’t

not at all profit motive. The whole thing was
supposed for homely purposes. Even though we
encountered minor issues, we were able to yield
better than we expected. A course of spinach was
used and distributed to my neighbourhood, but the
rest was destroyed due to heavy rainfall. Ginger is
growing successfully as well as pea. Green Chilly
grew and produced a great amount of produce and
still yielding.

During the process, we managed to bring great effect

in different stages of growth, cost effectively too. Pea
seeds was used after use. Manures were available in
the neighbourhood as well as our house, which was
used all along the process. This was cost relatively
really low and was real effective. Bio-waste was
available which helped the growth of these plants.
During this pandemic, we could use these vegetables
without any chemical usage and definitely, it adds to
the health of all members.

CHAPTER 5 – CONCLUSION

In conclusion, Vegetable gardening is a rewarding

activity that can produce fresh, flavourful produce
from your backyard to straight to the kitchen. This
more efficiently a varied and a nutrient diet at a
lower cost. It is high time, that all should grow an
organic vegetable garden for the sake of themselves
as well as the coming generation. This as a project
should be introduced to schools and from there to
homes. This will change the face of lifestyle people
holding up and will help for the betterment as well as
further advancement of the society in a more
healthier way. As it yields more nutritious and safe
food, the popularity of organic farming is growing
dramatically as consumer seeks the organic foods.
Thus organic food ensures food safety from farm to
plate.
ASSUMPTION COLLEGE (AUTONOMOUS),
CHANGANASSERY
MAHATMA GANDHI UNIVERSITY

Project Report
On
MOOC course on Organic Farming
Submitted by
Student's name: SANDRAMOL P S

B.Sc. CHEMISTRY
DEPARTMENT OF CHEMISTRY
FIRST SEMESTER
2021
 Chapter 1

INTRODUCTION

Organic farming can be defined as an agricultural process that

uses biological fertilizers and pest control acquired from animals or
plant waste. In other words, organic farming is a new system of
farming or agriculture that repairs, maintains and improves the
ecological balance. It has developed as a negative effect of modern
industrialized agriculture in the 20th century. It protects the
environment, minimize soil degradation and erosion, decrease
pollution, optimize biological productivity and promote a healthy
Nation.

Organic farming which is a holistic production management system

that promotes and enhance agro-ecosystem health, including
biodiversity, biological cycle and soil biological activities. Many
studies have shown that organic farming methods can produce even
higher yields than conventional methods. By being part of that we can
consume healthy vegetables and it was cultivated by our own hands.

Chapter 2
2.1 Location of College - CHANGANASSERY

Location of Student - IDUKKI

2.2 Crops selected - Tomato, chilli, Pea, Brinjal, Bitter gourd.

2.2.1 Crops Varieties:

Tomato Plant- The tomato is an edible berry of plant Solanum Iycopersicum.

Tomato requires 1 to 2 inches of water per week. They are usually grown in
summer annual. Tomatoes are rich in vitamin C. They are usually grown in March
-June. Cherry tomato, Grape tomato, Beefsteak tomato, green tomato are the
varieties of tomato.

Chilli -It is a berry fruit of plants of the genus Capsicum which are the members
of nightshade family, Solanaceae. It contains high amount of vitamin C and
antioxidants. It can be grown in all type of soft but the sandy loam, clay loam,
and loam soils are best suited for it. Pusa Sadabahar, Punjab Lal, Hissar Sakthi,
Andhra Jyothi etc. are the different varieties of Chilli.

Pea Plant – These plants need full sun and soil that drains well. They need less
fertilizing than many other vegetables, so adding a little compost to the soil before
planting is usually adequate. In the plains, pea sown during mid-October to
midNovember. Pisum sativum, Ooty 1, Bonneville, Arkel and Azad are the
popular varieties of pea.

Brinjal – The brinjal (eggplant) is called the King of Vegetables by some

cultures. Brinjal is a very low-calorie vegetable and has healthy nutrition profile.
It is a vegetable that doesn’t need much care. The brinjal can be grown round the
year., the main sowing being done during July to August. Surya, Swetha,
Haritha, Neelima, Pusa purple Clusters are the varieties of Brinjal
Bitter gourd – Bitter gourd is also known as Momordica charantia or bitter melon.
It is rich in antioxidants, flavonoids and other polyphenol compounds. It is very
healthy. Pusa Do Mausmi, Arka Harit, Pusa Vishesh are the varieties of bitter
gourd.

2.2.2 Source of seed - From the neighbour

2.3 Area / no. of grow bags - 5 grow bags

2.4 Crop Season -Zaid crop season

2.5 Weather Condition - Average atmospheric temperature

2.6 Agricultural implements and equipment’s used -Spade, trowel

2.7 Liming materials and quantity - nil

2.8 Manure - Vegetable compost, cow dung, ashes

2.8.1 Basal application - nil

2.8.2 Top dressing -compost was added eventually

2.8.3 Bio fertilizers -nil

2.8.4 Bio slurries - nil

2.9 Bio pesticides -Neem oil

2.10 Bio control agents - nil

2.11 Any other inputs seeds -nil

2.12 Crop management - Apart from basic needs, the compost was added,
examined at each growth and the dead part were cut off from the plants.
 2.12.1 Land preparation and potting – The seeds were initially placed in
thermocol base. After seed sprouted, it was demounted and planted in land.

2.12.2 Liming - The soil used is mixed with fertile soil formed from the
decaying of leaves

2.12.3 Basal manuring - nil

2.12.4 Grow bag filling - the thermocol was filled with ordinary land soil

2.12.5 Seeding / planting - the seeds were placed at definite intervals from each
other

2.12.6 Top dressing - After the plant attained 15cm, compost cow dung was
added

2.12.7 Pest Management - The pest attacks were low. Although neem oil was
applied to prevent such attack in every 15 days

2.12.8 Disease Management - Diseased plants were rare

2.12.9 Water Management - The plants were watered 2 times daily – early
morning and evening

2.12.10 Harvest - The seeds were harvested at the 60 days

.
 Chapter 3

Observation and data

Table 1 (Germination Percentage)

Germination% Plant stand

establishment%

Pea 75 75

Brinjal 50 50

Bitter Guard 50 40

Tomato 90 75

Chilli 60 50
 2) Height of Plants in cm (15 days interval)

No. Of days 15 30 45 60 75 90

Height of plant Pea 20cm 50cm More

than 1m

Height of plant Brinjal 8cm 14cm 25cm 35cm 50cm 5cm

Height of plant Bitter 24 cm 55cm More
than 1m
Gourd

Height of plant Tomato 14cm 22cm 29cm 38cm 43cm 50cm

Height of plant Chilli 5cm 21cm 33cm 46cm 51cm 59cm

Table - 3 (No. of branches)

No. of 15 30 45 60 75 90
days

No. of Pea 0 2 5 7
branches

No. of Brinjal 0 2 4 7 10 10
branches

No. of Bitter 0 2 6 8
branches gourd
No. of Tomato 0 2 4 6 8 8
branches

No. of Chilli 0 2 2 6 10 10
branches

Table - 4 (Day of first flowering)

Day of first flowering

Pea 40thday

Brinjal 42nd day

Bitter Gourd 40th day

 Tomato 45th day

Chilli 60th day

Table -5(Day of first fruiting)

Day of first fruiting

Pea 50thday
Brinjal 53rdday

Bitter gourd 50thday

Tomato 52nd day

Chilli 80thday

Table - 6 (Harvest Day)

 Harvest days

Pea 65th day

Brinjal 70th day

Bitter Gourd 68th day

Tomato 55th day

Chilli 90th day

Table- 7(Quantity of Products)

 No. of fruits Weight

Pea 20 150G

Brinjal 7 1KG

Bitter Gourd 6 3KG

Tomato 15 1.5KG

Chilli 80 100G
 Table - 8 (Cumulative Yield)

Cumulative Yield (KG)

Pea 0.75KG

Brinjal 1.5 KG

Bitter Gourd 0.85 KG

Tomato 1 KG

Chilli 0.50 KG
 Chaper-4
Photos

Grow bag Preparation and Layout

Seedling Stage
Flowering Stage

Fruiting Stage
Harvesting Stage
 Chapter 5
Cost Benefit analysis
Expenditure incurred and income obtained: -
Expenditure: - Neem oil: 149/- rupees

Income: - Nil. The vegetables harvested were distributed among the

neighbourhood itself.

Chapter 6
Most suitable, profitable crop for the locality: -

I think tomato, pea, chilli, bitter gourd and brinjal are suitable for my
locality. The place has enough rainfall required for these crops and also has a
moderate humidity. As the soil here is dark, it has high organic contents and so
there was no need of external inorganic fertilizers to be used for farming. Also,
the place is situated below a steep area, so the soil holds enough water. The chance
of soil erosion is also less, so the chance of crop destruction is very low. Pests are
also low leading to high yield of cultivation. Through the organic farming done I
have understood that my area is suitable for cultivation as the chance of damage
is less.
 Abstract

The seeds were given to me by my neighbour. I cultivated 5 crops tomato,

pea, chilli, bitter gourd and brinjal. The seeds were initially placed in a thermocol
base. After seed germination the sprouting were demounted from the thermocol
base and was planted in land soil. After that it was watered twice- early morning
and afternoon and clearly examined on a daily basis. There were no pests’ attacks
although neem oil, an organic pesticide was sprayed in a 15 days interval. The
length of the plants and the number of branches were also noted down every 15
days. Also, the weeds were also cut off from the plant.

On almost one and a half month later the plants started flowering and we were
able to harvest the products almost at the beginning of third months. Instead of
selling the products I thought it would be better to share them with my neighbours.
Because of this organic farming I was able to get healthy products.
 Mahatma Gandhi University

MOOC ON ORGANIC FARMING

Organic farming project for 1 st year students

Submitted by

SN AAYISHA SIDDEEQHA

IDC chemistry

Assumption college, changanacherry, kottyam

CONTENT

Abstract

Introduction

Materials and methods

Observation and data collection

Cost benefit analysis

Photos

Conclusion
ABSTRACT

Organic farming follows the principles of circular causation and has

emerged in response to questions on health, environment and
sustainability issues. In this project, I tried to asses the relevance,
reliance, and the effect of organic farming on management of
ecologocial balancing. The objective of this task was to investigate the
feasibility and plausibility of the concept of organic farming, in a limited
time period. Under this task, I intended to study organic farming as
multifunctional agriculture, through observation of various stages. This
project aimed on relying on local and easily available resources,
economic efficiency and economic aims, longterm security to yield,
biodiversity, ecological aims, functioning of eco systems, stability,
social aims, selfprovided workforce, fulfilling local needsor at least that
of the members of a family
CHAPTER 1 - INTRODUCTION

Mahatma Gandhi University introduced MOOC -Massive Open Online

Course (originated in US in 2008) on organic farming, a project for first
semester students. Such a project initiative, is to make understand the
need for organic farming that contributes to the better acknowledgement of
sustainability and thereby biodiversity. Awareness on organic farming is an
urgent need of the hour, as it provides the choice of a "healthy life".Organic
farming is an integrated farming system that strives for sustainability. It is
much in vogue today because of its health benefits as well as the
avoidance of chemical usage and ongoing changing patterns of food
consumption and lifestyle.

I am S N Aayisha Siddeeqha, 1 st year BSc chemistry student of

Assumption college, changanacherry . And I am presenting this report to
explain the output I have received from organic farming
CHAPTER 2 - MATERIALS AND METHODS

CROPS SELECTED :

1) Green chilli

2) Ginger

3) Spinach

4) pea plant

5) ladies finger

SOURCE OF SEEDS I SEEDLINGS:

Seeds/seedlings used for planting was from different sources. Seeds of

spinach ang ginger was from krishi bhavan where as seedlings of

avocado and guava plant was bought from a nursery. Pea was planted

using the seeds after the use of it in my home. AREA OR NUMBER OF

GROWBAGS:

Out of this 6,spinach,green chilli, ginger, were planted in the backyard

where it was possible to receive 6 to 8 hours direct sunlight anf fertile
soil. We used approximately 150 square meters for planting spinach,
green chilli and ginger. Pea was planted in a grow bag. It was then
grown to a 'pandal1 /shade after 2-3 weeks.
Guava seedling was planted in the front yard as both requires only
partial sunlight and a cool atmosphere compared to the rest. All the
factors contributed to the yield. Even though, after the first course, the
rest of the spinach was destroyed with the flood caused by heavy rain.

MANURE:

For the better growth of the plants, dried cowdung, jaggery, curd were
used. These are natural manures which do not cost much. All these
were obtained from our locality. Green leaves was also used for ginger.
Along with this bio waste was also used for its nourishment which was
available with no much effort but effective enough.

BIO PESTICIDES :

In order to remove unwanted pests, bio pesticides were used. To some

extent, it was helpful. Neen oil was used. Neem oil can be used both as
pesticide and fungicide. It works on arthropods from eating vegetables.
It also controls the common fungi that grows on vegetables and plants

Plant related pseudomonas was used for immunity and synthesis ing
growth and stimulating plant hormones. Weeds were removed using
manual labour.

LAND PREPARATION :

About 150 square meters were used for organic farming. Even
though,spinach,ginger and chilli was planted in the backyard, each one
of them was planted specifically with much differences.

Spinach was planted in the bed formation after ploughing for 2 to 3

times. It was planted in a convenient space where it could receive both
rainfall and sunlight well enough. Broke apart large clods of dirt, until all
of the soil had a similar consistency.

The soil was loosened using a garden hoe. Weeds were removed, lime
was mixed, bed was prepared before sowing. For ginger, a plot used
which could receive sunlight and was planted with half a feet distance.

Green chilly was planted in a fertile part of soil, which had better water
holding capacity.

For planting pea in the grow bag, a bag of 20kg was used. The base
was a mixture of soil, coconut husk and cowdung. 3/4th of the bag was
filled with soil. After one week, grown pea plants were replanted to this
grow bag. Pea needed much care and attention. A shade was also
used as it is a climber.

SEEDING OR PLANTING

Spinach, ginger, pea, green chilli, and lady's finger were the ones I
planted. It prevented the menace created by ants and other insects.
After 1 week, the seeds sprouted. Then the grown spinach was
replanted. Water was regularly sprayed. After 2 weeks, watering was
done in alternative days.

After 3 weeks we were able to yield. Ginger was planted as it was

applicable to the humid and warm atmosphere. A good source of ginger
for planting is fresh rhizomes from another grower.

Well developed growth buds were planted. The rhizomes were planted
6 to 8 inches apart, to 4 inches deep and with growth bus pointing
upwards. They grew about 2 to 3 feet tall. They were not allowed to dry
out while they were actively growing. Watering was done less when
weather was cooler.

Green chilli was planted in the best time to grow and get yield. We
planted them in the ground and maintained enough space required
between the seeds. It was watered frequently and well placed to get 5
to 6 hours of sunlight

Pea was sowed in a soil bed formation. After sprouting it was replanted
into grow bag.

CHAPTER 3 OBSERVATIONS AND DATA COLLECTION

Germination or plant stand establishment

Plants Establishment percentage

Chilli 85%

Turmeric 60%

Lady's finger 90%

Spinach 90%

Pea 95%

Height of plants
 Plants 15 days 30 days 45 days

Chilli 5 35 85

Ginger 3 7 10

Lady's finger 6 35 60

Spinach 3 20 40

Pea 5 30 55

Day of first flowering

Plants Day of flowering

Chilli 15 july

Ginger

Lady's finger 17 july

Spinach 28 july

Pea 12 july

Day of first fruiting

Plants Day of Fruiting

Chilli 2 august
 Ginger

Lady's finger 10 august

Spinach 7 august

Pea 29 july

CHAPTER- 4 COST BENEFIT ANALYSIS

All the crps I cultivated was benefiting. It wasn't not at all profit motive.
The whole thing was supposed for homely purposes. Even though we
encountered minor issues, we were able yield better than what we
expected. A course of spinach was used and distributed to my
neighborhood. The rest was destroyed due to heavy rain. Ginger and
Pea are growing successfully. Green chilli illy grew and produced great
amounts of chilli. During the process, we managed to bring great effect
in different stages of growth, cost effectively too. Pea seeds were used
after use. Manures were available in our neighborhood as well as in our
house,which was used all along the process.

Bio waste was available which helped the growth of the plants. During
this pandemic we could use these vegetables without any chemical
usage and definetely, it adds to the health of all members.

CHAPTER-4 PHOTOS
Chilli
Spinach:
Pea:
Ginger

Ladies finger:
CHAPTER 5 CONCLUSION

In conclusion, vegetable gardening is a rewarding activity that can

produce fresh vegetables that can be taken straight to the kitchen. This
provides a varied diet at a lower cost. It is high time that all should grow
an organic vegetable garden for the sake of themselves as well as the
coming generation. This as a project should be introduced in schools.
This will change the lifestyle of people. As it yields more nutritious and
safe food, the popularity of organic farming is growing dramatically as
consumer seeks the organic food
 SEMESTER I - PROJECT REPORT

MASSIVE ONLINE OPEN COURSE (MOOC)

IN
ORGANIC FARMING

Submitted to
MAHATMA GANDHI UNIVERSITY
KOTTAYAM

By

Name of Student: Kripa Sara Jain

Register Number: 20010901

Name of the Programme: Bachelor of Science
(BSc) Department: Home Science

ASSUMPTION COLLEGE (AUTONOMOUS),

CHANGANACHERRY, KOTTAYAM, KERALA,
INDIA
 INDEX
I ABSTRACT

II CHAPTER 1- INTRODUCTION

III CHAPTER 2- Materials and Methods

2.1 Location of college and student

2.2 Crops selected

2.2(1) Varieties

2.2(2) Source of seed and seedlings

2.3 Area cultivated or number of grow bags 9 Crop
season

2.4 Crop Season

2.5 Weather conditions prevailed(rainfall, rainy days,

average atmospheric temperature, etc.)

2.6
Agricultural Implements and Equipments Used

2.7 Liming Material and Quantity

2.8 Manures Used

2.8(1) Basal Application

2.8(2) Top Dressing

 2.8(3) Bio Fertilizers Used

2.8(4) Bio Slurries

2.9 Bio Pesticides

2.10 Bio Control Agents

2.11 Any Other Inputs Used

2.12 Crop Management

2.12(1) Land Preparation or Potting Mixture Preparation

2.12(2) Liming

2.12(3) Basal Manuring

2.12(4) Grow Bag Filling

2.12(5) Seeding and planting

2.12(6) Top Dressing

2.12(7) Pest Management

2.12(8) Disease Management

IV 2.12(9) Water Management

0) Harvest
CHAPTER 3-OBSERVATIONS AND DATA
COLLECTION
 le 1 Germination and Plant Stand Establishment

Table 2 Height of plants in cm. (15 days interval)

Table 3 Number of branches (15 days interval)

Table 4 Day of First Flowering (Days After Sowing/

Planting)

Table 55 Day of First Fruiting (Days After Sowing/

Planting)

2
Table 6 Harvest Days (Days After Sowing/ Planting)

Table 7 Cumulative Yield (in kg)

Table 8 Number and Weight of Fruits from Each harvest

V CHAPTER 4- PICTURES

VI CHAPTER 5 - COST BENEFIT ANALYSIS

VII CHAPTER 6 - CONCLUSION

ABSTRACT
During the olden times our ancestors did agriculture without the use of fertilizers and pesticides
which is harmful for our body. So they used to be healthy by consuming organic food products.
But in the present generation, we do agriculture with these harmful products to increase the
quantity of the yield. By consuming them we are harming our body’s health. This kind of
agricultural practice was causing harm to the environment. With the rapid change in farming
practices, organic farming came into existence in the 20th century. It made use of environment
friendly practices by avoiding the use of artificial chemicals and making use of organic matter
to raise crops. Organic food is beneficial to human health and the practice of organic farming
keeps the environment clean.
This project is a detailed report of my organic farming process. It contains the materials used,
the observable data I collected of the plants, a few pictures of the crops and yields as well as a
write-up explaining the expenditure incurred and income obtained. It also includes the way in
which a plant is grown with proper care, manure, sunlight and water. The crops I planted are
turmeric, ginger, red spinach curry leaves and green chilli.
By doing this project on organic farming I was exposed to getting new knowledge on how to
plant a crop, how to take good care of it and how long each crop takes to give its own yield.The
whole process was very satisfying and interesting to do because at the end of the process you
get handful of organic products that can be used at your own home, save money on buying
other products and lead a healthy diet.
Throughout the project I had a lot of doubts since I was new to this field but eventually with
help I was able to understand a lot of things on farming. Unlike conventional methods of
farming, organic farming is hard to manage without using any chemicals but in the end it is the
best way.
CHAPTER 1- INTRODUCTION
Organic farming is defined as production of crop, animal, and other products without the use
of synthetic chemical fertilizers and pesticides, transgenic species, or antibiotics and growth-
enhancing steroids, or other chemicals. It includes various processes like crop rotation, green
manure, organic waste management, biological pest control, etc. The concepts of organic
agriculture were developed in the early 1900s by Sir Albert Howard, F.H. King, Rudolf Steiner,
and others who believed that the use of animal manures (often made into compost), cover crops,
crop rotation, and biologically based pest controls resulted in a better farming system.

Organic farming works in harmony with nature rather than against it. It uses environmentally
sound techniques for raising crops and livestock that are free from synthetic compounds. The
methods used in organic farming seek to increase long term soil fertility, balance insect and
organism population and reduce air, soil and water pollution while maintaining or increasing
levels of production.

In organic production, farmers choose not to use some of the convenient chemical tools
available to other farmers. Special attention is being given for choosing crop rotation and tillage
practices to avoid or reduce crop problems. Cereal and forage crops can be grown organically
relatively easily due to relatively low pest pressures and nutrient requirements. Corn is being
grown more frequently on organic farms but careful management of weed control and fertility
is needed. Meeting nitrogen requirements is particularly challenging. Fruit and vegetable crops
present greater challenges depending on the crop. The yield reduction varies by crop and farm.
Compared with conventional agriculture, organic farming uses fewer pesticides, reduces soil
erosion, decreases nitrate leaching into groundwater and surface water, and recycles animal
wastes back into the farm. These benefits are counterbalanced by higher food costs for
consumers and generally lower yields. Indeed, yields of organic crops have been found to be
about 25 percent lower overall than conventionally grown crops, although this can vary
considerably depending upon the type of crop. The challenge for future organic agriculture will
be to maintain its environmental benefits, increase yields, and reduce prices while meeting the
challenges of climate change and an increasing world population.
Organic farming is a production management system excluding of all synthetic off-farm inputs
but rely upon on-farm agronomic, biological and mechanical methods like crop rotations, crop
residues, animal manures, off-farm organic waste, mineral grade rock additives and biological
system of nutrient mobilization and plant protection, etc which promotes and enhances
biodiversity, biological cycles and agro-ecosystem health.
The price of organic food is generally higher than that of conventionally grown food.
Depending on the product, the season, and the vagaries of supply and demand, the price of
organic food can be anywhere from less than 10 percent below to more than 100 percent above
that of conventionally grown produce.
Organic farming can be available alternative production method for farmers, but there are many
challenges. One key to success is being open to alternative organic approaches to solving
production problems. Determine the cause of the problem, and assess strategies to avoid or
reduce the long-term problem rather than a short term fix for it.
This is a production management system excluding of all synthetic off-farm inputs but rely
upon on-farm agronomic, biological and mechanical method like crop rotations, crop residues
,animal manures off-farm organic waste, mineral grade rock additives and enhances
biodiversity, biological cycle and agro-ecosystem health. Organic agriculture is continuously
adopting new research findings to improve production with gent-lier and more efficient
practices. Scientific research and the development of technical innovations in daily practice
complement each other perfectly. Organic farming is eager to use high-tech solutions, such as
the detecting and regulating weeds using modern equipment with image recognition software,
or the use of drones to spread beneficial insects in arable crops.

CHAPTER 2- MATERIALS AND METHODS

2.1 Location of College and Student
I am Kripa Sara Jain from Mallappally ,I am a HomeScience student of Assumption College,
Changanachery.

2.2 Crop selected

The crops I selected are:-

 Ginger
 Turmeric
 Green chilli
 Red spinach
 Curry leaves

2.2 (1) Varieties

 Ginger is an herbaceous perennial crop belonging to the family Zingiberaceae.

 Alleppey finger is the type of Turmeric variety which I’ve used.
 Vellayani Thejus is the type of green chilli I’ve used.
 Vellayani Thejus is the type of red spinach I’ve used.
 Murraya Koenigii is the type of curry leaves variety used.

2.2(2) Source of Seed and Seedlings

 Ginger and turmeric were planted with the leftovers of the former and later at home.
 Seeds of the red spinach were given from the Krishi Bhavan.
 Green chilli seeds were given by a relative .
 Saplings of curry leaves were given from a nearby plant nursery.
 2.3 Area Cultivated or number of Grow bags:-
I used 2 cent land for the purpose of organic farming .

2.4 Crop Season

February to March- PLANTING TIME
July to August- HARVESTING TIME

2.5 Weather Condition Prevailed (rainfall, rainy days ,average atmospheric

temperature, etc):-

MONTH RAINFALL RAINYDAYS AVERAGE

ATMOSPHERIC
TEMPERATURE
February 0.4 mm 4 days 28 degree Celsius
March 65 mm 5 days 29 degree Celsius
April 100 mm 8 days 29.5 degree Celsius
May 250 mm 12 days 30 degree Celsius
June 670 mm 24 days(expected) 30 degree Celsius
July 600 mm(expected) 22 days(expected) 29 degree Celsius
August 350 mm(expected) 20days (expected) 29 degree Celsius
2.6 Agriculture Implements and Equipments used:-

 Sickle
 Spade
 Axe
 Pickaxe
 Rake
 Scythe
 Watering can
 Grape hoe
 Wheelbarrow
 Basket for collecting the yield

2.7 Liming Material and Quantity

Liming neutralizes the acidity of the soil for optimum growth of crops. Here I’ve used cow
dung and grass residues as liming material. The needed quantity was used for the crops.

2.8 Manures Used

 Sterameal
 8:8:16 Mixture
 Goat manure
 Cow dung
 Neem cake
2.8(1) Basal Application
By adding one layer of compost ,the manure is spread uniformly on dry soil. The basal
application of DAP or Diammonium Phosphate is recommended when the seedlings are sown
in less fertile soils.

2.8(2) Top Dressing

Top-dressing is the act of applying fertilizer to the media surface of a containerized plant.With
this method growers can differentiate between fertilizer types and rates based on the needs and
goals of a particular planting block. But I haven’t planted anything in a container, hence this
process was not needed.

2.8(4) Bio Slurries

Poultry waste was used as a bio slurry. It is a good fertiliser for crops that improves the soil
fertility, soil structure and crop yields.

2.9 Bio Pesticides

Bio pesticides are certain types of pesticides derived from such natural materials as animals,
plants, bacteria and certain minerals. For example , canola oil and baking soda have pesticidal
applications and are considered biopesticides .
I have used baking soda to prevent pests from attacking my crops.

2.10 Biocontrol Agents

Biological control agent refers to the use of natural or modified organisms, gene products, to
reduce the effects of undesirable organisms and to favor desirable organisms such as crops,
beneficial insects, and microorganisms.
No biocontrol agent was used.

2.11 Any other Inputs Used

The plants were guarded using a fence and baking soda was used at times to remove insects.

2.12 Crop Management

The crops were well looked after and cared for by watering them and taking organic measures
to remove bacteria.
2.12(1) Land Preparation or Potting Mixture Preparation

The soil was dug and mixed with manures like neem cake, cow dung, etc which keeps the soil
fertile and is good for plant growth.
2.12(2) Liming
The process of liming the soil was done with cow dung and grass residues to neutralize the
acidity of the soil.
2.12(3) Basal Manuring
Cow dung was also used as basal manure before planting seeds and seedlings.
2.12(4) Grow Bag Filling
No grow bag was used in the growing of these crops.

2.12(5) Seeding and Planting

The seeds and seedlings were planted in the soil mixed with manures like cow dung, neem
cake, etc.

2.12(6) Top Dressing

The seeds were planted in the soil and organic manure or fertilizers were used for the top
dressing.

2.12(7) Pest Management

No pesticide was used in my organic farming process.

2.12(8) Disease Management

Disease management is the process of preventing diseases in crops to increase the

2.12(9)Water Management

The crops were well watered by water from the well. But on rainy days, they were not
watered.

2.12(10) Harvest

Turmeric, ginger, green chilli, curry leaves and red spinach were harvested. The quantity
of yield was enough for domestic use.
CHAPTER 3 - OBSERVATIONS AND DATA COLLECTIONS

TABLE 1- Germination and Plant Stand Establishment

PLANT GERMINATION PLANT

ESTABLISHMENT

TURMERIC 1 to 2 weeks Turmeric was planted

with proper spacing
between each plant and
availability of proper
sunlight and water to
ensure the growth of the
plant.

GINGER 1 to 2 weeks To plant ginger,the land

was ploughed twice to
make the soil loose and
friable. It was planted in
proper spaced lines
ensuring good sunlight
and water.

GREEN CHILLI 1 week After planting the seeds in

the pot ,it was well
watered to keep the soil
moist.When the plant
began to grow adequate
light was received and
water was only poured
when the top layer of the
soil was dry

RED SPINACH 1 week The seeds were planted

on a well ploughed soil,
good amount of water and
sunlight was provided for
the growth of the plant.

CURRY LEAVES 1 week Sapling of the curry

leaves were planted in a
 well fertile soil. Water
and sunlight was available
for the growth of the plant
.The spacing was also
measured and decided
properly.
TABLE 2- Height of the plant in cm(15 days intervals)

PLANT HEIGHT (15DAYS) HEIGHT(30 DAYS) HEIGHT(45DAYS)

TURMERIC 7 cm 25cm A full grown
turmeric plant with
more than 100cm
height .
GINGER 5 cm 20cm 60 cm
GREEN CHILLI 20 cm 40 cm 70 cm above
RED SPINACH 12 cm 50cm More than 100 cm
CURRY LEAVES 8 cm 30 cm 55 cm above

TABLE 3- Number of branches (15 days interval)

PLANT 15 days 30 days 45 days

TURMERIC 3 to 5 leaves 6 to 10 leaves Several branches
with 6-8 leaves each
GINGER 3 leaves with one 5 leaves with a More than 5 leaves
branch only. branch. were found.
GREEN CHILLI 2-5 leaves 5-10 leaves 3 branches with
several leaves are
found.
RED SPINACH 4-5 leaves 5-10 leaves 3 branches were
found
CURRY LEAVES 2 leaves 4 leaves More than 2
branches
TABLE 4- Days of first flowering (days after sowing or planting

PLANT DAYS OF FIRST FLOWERING OF THE

PLANT
TURMERIC 7-8 months
GINGER After 175 days
GREEN CHILLI After 2 months
RED SPINACH After 1 month
CURRY LEAVES One year or two
TABLE 5- Day of first fruiting (days after sowing or planting)

PLANT DAYS OF FIRST FRUITING OF THE

PLANT
TURMERIC 3 months
GINGER 2.5 months
GREEN CHILLI 70 th day
RED SPINACH 3 months
CURRY LEAVES After 2 years

TABLE 6- Harvest days ( days after sowing/planting)

PLANT HARVESTING
TURMERIC 3 to 4 months
GINGER 3 to 4 months
GREEN CHILLI 2 to 3 months
RED SPINACH 3 to 4 months
CURRY LEAVES 10 to 12months

TABLE 7- Cumulative yield

PLANT CUMULATIVE YIELD

TURMERIC 1 kg
GINGER 1 kg
GREEN CHILLI 0.1 kg
RED SPINACH 0.5 gm
CURRY LEAVES 0.4 gm

TABLE 8-Number and weight of fruits from each harvest

PLANT HARVEST 1 HARVEST 2

TURMERIC 0.5 kg 0.5 kg
GINGER 0.5 kg 0.5 kg
GREEN CHILLI 0.04 kg 0.06 kg
RED SPINACH 0.5 kg 0.4 kg
CURRY LEAVES 100 gm 150 gm

CHAPTER 4- PICTURES
GREEN CHILLI
GINGER
TURMERIC
CURRY LEAVES
RED SPINACH
CHAPTER 5- COST BENEFIT ANALYSIS
Organic farming was not very expensive for me because the seeds, seedlings and tuber were
either given or planted from the things available at my house itself. Hence, I did not lose much
money. I had to buy a few manure for organic farming which was reasonable to buy. I saved
money by taking wastes from poultry and the cow farm to put as manure for the plants which
was effective.

By taking care of the plants properly, the quality of the plant and the quantity of the yield
was very good.The yield was taken to use in my house itself, hence we saved money by not
buying them from the market. The feeling of growing one’s own food products and using
them as their own product of hardwork is very satisfying.

Organic farming has emerged as an alternative system of farming which not only addresses
the quality and sustainability concerns, but also ensures profitable livelihood options for rural
communities. Due to very little accessible information on economics and efficiency of
organic farming, an attempt is made to assess it in different crops. The crop economics results
showed a positive result on organic farming. In general, organic farming is a production
system which has low productivity levels, needs more labor, requires low energy inputs and
has a changing net income levels along with selling prices.

Hence, we can conclude that organic farming is more profitable than conventional farming
as well as organic farming keeps the environment good. The major problem is that we have
to give our valuable time for conversion of conventional farming land to organic farming
land. Government needs to spread awareness among people about natural damage caused by
chemical usage and should promote organic farming by making proper policies.

CHAPTER 6 - CONCLUSION

Organic farming is the best and the most viable alternative for traditional farming
techniques. The produce of organic farming has high nutritional value in comparison to
conventional food. This type of farming helps in reducing soil pollution and air pollution.
If we do conventional farming methods, then the use of harmful chemical fertilizers and
pesticides will poison our food cycle.

Consumption of organic food has many health benefits as compared to conventional food.
The economy of scale cannot be achieved through organic farming since the production is in
smaller amounts in comparison to conventional agriculture methods.In a few cases organic
farming is very expensive but with the help of Government aids people can start organic
farms in their own homes and use their yields for their own purposes.

Organic farming yields more nutritious and safe food. The popularity of organic food in
growing dramatically as consumers seek the organic foods that are thought to be healthier
and safer. Thus, organic food perhaps ensures food safety from farm to plate. The organic
farming process is more eco-friendly than conventional farming. Organic agriculture
promotes the health of consumers of a nation, the ecological health of a nation, and the
economic growth of a nation by income generation holistically.

I think the most suitable crops to be grown in my locality would be green chilli, turmeric and
ginger because of the ideal climate and good textured soil. Good amount of sunlight and water
is also available. Turmeric, ginger and green chilli are constantly used in our households for
cooking purposes hence it is good to grow them in our homes so that we don’t have to buy
them from outside markets.
 മഹാത്മാ ഗാന്ധി സർവ്വകലാശാല

മാസ്സീവ് ഓപ്പൺ ഓൺലലൻ കകാഴ്സ് (MOOC) ഇൻ

ഓർഗാനിക്ക് ഫാമിിംഗ് (ലൈവ കൃഷി)

കരാൈക്റ്റ് റികപ്പാർട്ട്

സമർപ്പണിം: മഹാത്മാ ഗാന്ധി സർവ്വകലാശാല, കകാട്ടയിം

സമർപ്പിക്കുന്നത് : ജൈസ്ലിൻ ഐ എസ്

ഫീനിക്സ്, ഗാർഡ് കേഷൻ, ലമലമ്മൂട് പി. ഒ, തിരുവനന്തപുരിം
ഫേ് ഡി. സി ഫാമിലി ആൻഡ് കമൂണിറ്റി സയൻസ് (കഹാിം സയൻസ് )
കറാൾ നമ്പർ: 516
അസിംപ്ഷൻ കകാകേൈ് , ചങ്ങനാകേരി,
കകാട്ടയിം ൈില്ല
 ഉള്ളടക്കിം
ക്രമ നമ്പർ ശീർഷകിം കപൈ് നമ്പർ
01 ആമുഖിം 01
02 വസ്തുക്കളിം രീതികളിം 02
2.1: കകാകേൈിജെയിം വിദ്യാർത്ഥിയജടയിം 02
രകദ്ശിം
2.2: തിരജെടുത്ത വിേകൾ 02
2.3: വിേകളജട ഇനങ്ങൾ 02
2.4 വിത്തുകൾ കശഖരിച്ചത് 02
2.5: കരാ ബാഗുകളജട എണ്ണിം 02
2.6: കൃഷി ജചയ്തകപ്പാഴുള്ള കാലാവസ്ഥ 02-03
2.7: കാർഷിക ഉപകരണങ്ങളിം ഉപകയാഗിച്ച
ഉപകരണങ്ങളിം 03
2.8: കൃഷിക്ക് ഉപകയാഗിച്ച വേങ്ങൾ 03
2.9: കബസൽ ആപ്ലികക്കഷൻ 03
2.10: കടാപ്പ് ജെസ്സിിംഗ് 03
2.11: ലൈവ വേിം 03
2.12: ലൈവ കീടനാശിനികൾ 03
2.13: ബകയാ കൺകരാൾ ഏൈെ് 04
2.1:4 വിേ പരിപാലനിം 04-05
03 നിരീക്ഷണവിം കഡറ്റാ കശഖരണവിം 06-09
04 ചിത്രങ്ങൾ 10-17
05 ധനലാഭ വിശകലനിം 18
06 ഉപസിംഹാരിം 19
07 സിംരഹിം 19
 അദ്ധ്യായിം: 1
ആമുഖിം
ലൈവ കീടനാശിനികൾ, കകമ്പാേ്, പച്ചില വേങ്ങൾ, ഇടവിേ കൃഷി,
യാന്ത്രിക നടീൽ തുടങ്ങിയവജയ ആശ്രയിക്കുന്നതുിം രാസവേങ്ങളിം, കൃത്രിമ
രാസ കീടനാശിനികളിം തീർത്തുിം ഒഴിവാക്കിയള്ളതുിം ജചടിവേർച്ചാ
നിയന്ത്രണ വസ്തുക്കൾ, കന്നുകാലി തീറ്റകേിൽ കചർക്കുന്ന രാസപദ്ാർഥങ്ങൾ,
ലൈവമാറ്റിം വരുത്തിയ വിത്തുകൾ എന്നീ രീതികൾ ഉപകയാഗിക്കാജതയിം
നടത്തജപ്പടുന്ന കൃഷി രീതിജയയാണ് ലൈവകൃഷി (ഓർഗാനിക്ക് ഫാമിിംഗ് )
എന്നു വിേിക്കുന്നത് . 1990 മുതൽ ലൈവ കൃഷിരീതിയിലൂജട ഉണ്ടാക്കിയ
ഉൽപ്പന്നങ്ങളജട വിപണി ദ്രുതഗതിയിലാണ് വേർന്നത്. 2007 ൽ അത് 4600
കകാടി അകമരിക്കൻ കഡാേറിജലത്തി. ലൈവ ഉല്പന്നങ്ങളജട വർദ്ധ്ിച്ച
ആവശയിം മൂലിം ലൈവകൃഷി രീതി സവീകരിക്കുന്ന കൃഷിയിടങ്ങളജട വയാപനവിം
കവഗത്തിലായി. കലാക വയാപകമായി ഏകകദ്ശിം 3.22 കകാടി ജഹക് ജടർ ഭൂമി
ലൈവകൃഷി രീതി പിന്തുടരുന്നു. ഇത് ജമാത്തിം കൃഷിഭൂമിയജട 0.8 ശതമാനിം
വരുിം. കൂടാജത 2007 വജര ഏകകദ്ശിം 3 കകാടി ജഹക് ടർ ഭൂമിയിൽ നിന്ന്
ലൈവകൃഷി ഉല്പന്നങ്ങൾ വിേജവടുക്കുകയണ്ടായി.ഇെർനാഷണൽ
ജഫഡകറഷൻ ഓഫ് ഓർഗാനിക് അരികൾച്ചർ മുവ്ജമെ്സ് (IFOAM) എന്ന
അന്തർകദ്ശീയ സിംഘടനയജട മാനദ്ണ്ഡങ്ങൾക്ക് അനുസൃതമായി ലൈവ
കൃഷിരീതി രാൈയാന്തര തലത്തിൽ നിയന്ത്രിക്കുകയിം നിയമപരമായി
നടപ്പിലാക്കുകയിം ജചയ്യുന്ന നിരവധി രാൈയങ്ങളണ്ട്. 1972-ൽ സ്ഥാപിച്ച
ഐ.എഫ്.ഒ.എ.എിം എന്ന ഈ സിംഘടയജട കീഴിൽ നിരവധി ലൈവകൃഷി
രചാരക സിംഘടനകൾ രവർത്തിക്കുന്നു. IFOAM ലൈവ കൃഷിയജട
ലക്ഷയജത്ത ഇങ്ങജന നിർവചിക്കുന്നു:
മണ്ണിജെയിം മനുഷയജെയിം ആവാസവയവസ്ഥയകടയിം ആകരാഗയിം
നിലനിർത്തുന്ന ഒരു ഉല്പാദ്ന രീതിയാണ് ലൈവ കൃഷിരീതി.
കദ്ാഷഫലങ്ങളണ്ടാക്കുന്ന കചരുവകൾ ഉപകയാഗിക്കുന്നതിന് പകരിം
പരിസ്ഥിതിയകട സവാഭാവിക രക്രിയകൾ,ലൈവ ലവവിദ്ധ്യിം, ചിംക്രമണിം
തുടങ്ങിയ രാകദ്ശിക അവസ്ഥകൾക്ക് അനുരൂപമായതിജന മാത്രകമ ഈ
കൃഷി രീതി ആശ്രയിക്കുന്നുള്ളൂ. പരമ്പരാഗത രീതികളിം പുത്തൻ
കണ്ടജത്തലുകളിം ശാസ്ത്രീയ രീതികളിം സിംകയാൈിപ്പിച്ചുജകാണ്ട്
പരിസ്ഥിതിയിജല എല്ലാവിഭാഗത്തിനുിം ഉപകാരജപ്പടുിം വിധത്തിൽ
പാരിസ്ഥിതിക ബന്ധവിം ഉന്നത നിലവാരത്തിലുള്ള ൈീവിതവിം ഈ കൃഷിരീതി
കരാത്സാഹിപ്പിക്കുന്നു.

1
 അദ്ധ്യായിം: 2
വസ്തുക്കളിം രീതികളിം

2.1 കകാകേൈിജെയിം വിദ്യാർഥിയജടയിം സ്ഥലിം

കകാട്ടയിം ൈില്ലയിജല ചങ്ങനാകേരിയിലാണ് അസിംപ്ഷൻ കകാകേൈ്
സ്ഥിതി ജചയ്യുന്നത് .
തിരുവനന്തപുരിം ൈില്ലയിജല പാകങ്ങാട് പഞ്ചായത്തിൽ ഭരതനൂർ
ഗാർഡ് കേഷനിലാണ് എജെ വീട് സ്ഥിതി ജചയ്യുന്നത് .

2.2 തിരജെടുത്ത വിേകൾ

1) ജവള്ളരി
2) തക്കാേി
3) വഴുതന
4) പയർ
5) മുേക്
6) ജവണ്ട

2.3 വിേകളജട ഇനങ്ങൾ

1) ഉണ്ട മുേക്, കാന്താരി
2) ചുവന്ന ജവണ്ട, പച്ച ജവണ്ട

2.4 വിത്തുകൾ കശഖരിച്ചത്

1) കടകേിൽ നിന്നു വാങ്ങിയത്
2) വീട്ടിൽ നിന്നുിം എടുത്തത്

2.5 കരാ ബാഗുകളജട എണ്ണിം

• കയഷി ജചയ്യുവാൻ ഞാൻ തിരജെടുത്തത് കരാ ബാഗാണ്.
• 30 കരാ ബാഗിലായിട്ടാണ് കൃഷി ജചയ്തത് .

2
2.6 കയഷി ജചയ്തകപ്പാൾ ഉള്ള കാലാവസ്ഥ

കൃഷി ജചയ്തകപ്പാൾ ഉണ്ടായ കാലാവസ്ഥ മഴ ആയിരിന്നു. ശക്തമായ

മഴയിൽ മുേപ്പിച്ച വിത്തുകൾ നശിച്ചു കപായി. ഇതിനു കശഷിം ജമയ്
മസത്തിലാണ് കയഷി പുനരാരിംഭിചത്. ആദ്യിം വിത്തുകൾ പറമ്പിലാണ്
പാകിയത്. തുടർച്ചയായി മഴ ആയകതാജട രണ്ടാിം ഘട്ട കയഷി കരാ
ബാഗികലക്ക് മാറ്റി. കരാ ബാഗിജല കയഷി ആയതിനാൽ
അതിശക്തമായ മഴ വരുകമ്പാൾ അകത്ത് ജവക്കുമായിരുന്നു,
അതിനാൽ ഒരുവിധിം കൃഷിജയ സിംരക്ഷിക്കാൻ സാധിച്ചു.

2.7 കാർഷിക ഉപകരണങ്ങളിം ഉപകയാഗിച്ച ഉപകരണങ്ങളിം

കൃഷിക്കായി ഉപകയാഗിച്ചത് മൺജവട്ടി, മണ്ണ് മാന്തി, ചട്ടി, കുട്ട, മണ്ണ്

കകാരി, ജവള്ളിം ഒഴിക്കുവാനായി ഒരു ബക്കറ്റ്, കപ്പ് എന്നിവ ഉപകയാഗിച്ചു.

2.8 കയഷിക്ക് ഉപകയാഗിച്ച വേങ്ങൾ

1) ചാണക ജപാടി
2) ആട്ടിൻ കാഷ്ഠിം
3) കകാഴി കാഷ്ഠിം
4) ശീമജക്കാന്ന ഇല
5) ചകിരികച്ചാറ്
6) എല്ല് ജപാടി
7) ലമകക്രാ ഫുഡ്
2.9 ജബയ്സൽ ആപ്ലികക്കഷൻ
വിത്ത് മുേപ്പിക്കാനയി ചകിരികച്ചാറ് ആണ് ഉപകയാഗിച്ചത്.
2.10 കടാപ് ജെസ്സിിംഗ്
കൃഷിക്കാവശയമായ മണ്ണ് തയ്യാറാക്കുന്ന സമയത്ത് മണ്ണിജെ കൂജട ചാണക
ജപാടിയിം ലമകക്രാ ഫുഡിം അഴുകിയ ഇലയിം കചർത്തു.
2.11 ലൈവ വേിം
• ചാണക ജപാടി
• ആട്ടിൻ കാഷ്ഠിം
• കകാഴി കാഷ്ഠിം
• എല്ല് ജപാടി
• കരിയില

3
2.12 ലൈവ കീടനാശിനികൾ
• കവജപ്പണ്ണ
• കെിജവേേിം

2.13 ബകയാ കൺകരാൾ എൈെ്

• സൂകഡാകമാണസ് ലായനി
2.14 വിേ പരിപാലനിം

ലൈവ കൃഷിക്കു കവണ്ടി കരാ ബാഗ് ഒരുക്കിയത് മുതൽ വിേജവടുപ്പ് വജര

ഉള്ള വിവിധ പരിപാലന മുറകൾ.

2.14.1 കപാട്ടിിംഗ് മിക് സ് ചർ തയാറാക്കൾ

കപാട്ടിിംഗ് മിക്സ്ചർ തയാറാക്കാൻ പറമ്പിൽ നിന്നുിം മണ്ണിം,
ചാണകവിം ഒകര സമത്തിൽ (1:1:1) ചകിരികച്ചാറിം എടുത്ത്. മണ്ണിൽ
നിന്നുിം കല്ലുകൾ കവർതിരിക്കുകയിം ജചയ്തു. അതിനു കശഷിം മണ്ണിം,
ചാണകവിം ചകിരികച്ചാറിം സിംകയാൈിപ്പിച്ച് ജവള്ളിം അൽപ്പിം തേിച്ച്
ജകാടുക്കുകയിം ജചയ്തു.
2.14.2 കരാ ബാഗ് നിറയ്ക്കൽ
കരാ ബാഗ് നിറയ്കുന്നതിനായി തയ്യാറാക്കി ജവച്ചിരുന്ന കപാട്ടിിംഗ്
മിക്സ്ചർ ഓകരാ കരാ ബാഗിലുിം നിറച്ചു ഇതികലക്ക് ഓകരാ സ്പൂൺ
ലമക്ര ഫുഡ് കചർത്തു ജവച്ചു.
2.14.3 വിതയ്ക്കലുിം നടലുിം
വിത്തുകൾ പാകിയത് ജചറിയ പാത്രങ്ങേിലുിം, ജചറിയ ചട്ടികേിലുിം
ആയിട്ടാണ് ഇവജയല്ലാിം മുേച്ചു വന്നകപ്പാൾ കരാ ബാഗികലക്ക് മാറ്റി.
2.14.4 കടാപ് ജെസ്സിിംഗ്
കൃഷിക്കാവശയമായ മണ്ണ് തയ്യാറാക്കുന്ന സമയത്ത് മണ്ണിജെ കൂജട
ചാണകജപ്പാടിയിം ലമകക്രാ ഫുഡിം അഴുകിയ ഇലയിം കചർത്തു.

2.14.5 കീടകരാഗ രതികരാധ മാർഗങ്ങൾ

20 മി. ലി കവജപ്പണ്ണയിം 5 മി. ലി കസാപ്പ് ലായനിയിം ഒരു ലിറ്റർ
ജവള്ളത്തിൽ കചർത്ത് ഇലകേിൽ രകയാഗിച്ചു.

4
2.14.6 കരാഗ നിയന്ത്രണിം
ചീയൽ കരാഗത്തിൽ നിന്നുള്ള സുരക്ഷയ്ക്ക് കവണ്ടി വിത്തുകൾ 20
മിനിറ്റ് കനരിം സൂകഡാകമാണസ് ലായനിയിൽ കുതിർത്ത്
ജവച്ചതിനു കശഷമാണ് പാകിയത് .
2.14.7 ൈല ലഭയത ലകകാരയിം ജചയ്യൽ
മഴ ലഭയത ഇല്ലാത്ത ദ്ിവസങ്ങേിൽ രാവിജലയിം ലവകുകന്നരവിം
ആവശയമായ ൈലിം ഒഴിച്ചു ജകാടുത്തു.
2.14.8 വിേജവടുപ്പ്
ജവള്ളരി
• ജൂലല 15-ന് ആദ്യ വിേജവടുപ്പ് നടത്തിയകപ്പാൾ 4
എണ്ണമായിരുന്നു ലഭിച്ചത്

പയർ
• ജൂലല 10-ന് ആദ്യ വിേജവടുപ്പ് നടത്തിയകപ്പാൾ 12
എണ്ണമായിരുന്നു ലഭിച്ചത്

ജവണ്ട
• ജൂലല 10-ന് ആദ്യ വിേജവടുപ്പ് നടത്തിയകപ്പാൾ 10
എണ്ണമായിരുന്നു ലഭിച്ചത് .

വഴുതന
• ജൂലല 20-ന് ആദ്യ വിേജവടുപ്പ് നടത്തിയകപ്പാൾ 11 എണ്ണിം
ആയിരിന്നു ലഭിച്ചത്
തക്കാേി
• ഓഗേ് 21-ന് ആദ്യ വിേജവടുപ്പ് നടത്തിയകപ്പാൾ 6 എണ്ണിം
ആയിരിന്നു ലഭിച്ചത്.
മുേക്
• ജൂലല 27-ന് ആയിരിന്നു ആദ്യ വിേജവടുപ്പ്
• കന്താരിയിൽ നിന്നുിം 20 മുേകുകൾ ലഭിച്ചു.
• ഉണ്ട മുേകിൽ നിന്നുിം 10 മുേകുകൾ
ലഭിച്ചു.

5
 അദ്ധ്യായിം: 3
നിരീക്ഷണവിം ഡാറ്റാ കശഖരണവിം
പട്ടിക 1
മുേച്ച വിേകളിം അതിജെ ശതമാനവിം
ക്രമ വിേകൾ നട്ട മുേച്ച വിത്തുകളജട മുേച്ച
നിം. ദ്ിവസിം ദ്ിവസിം എണ്ണിം ശതമാനിം
1 പയർ ജമയ് 2 ജമയ് 5 15 80%
2 ജവണ്ട ജമയ് 2 ജമയ് 6 15 90%
3 ജവള്ളരി ജമയ് 2 ജമയ് 5 20 85%
4 തക്കാേി ജമയ് 2 ജമയ് 6 12 90%
5 വഴുതന ജമയ് 2 ജമയ് 7 20 95%
6 കാന്താരി ജമയ് 2 ജമയ് 8 20 90%
ഉണ്ട മുേക് ജമയ് 2 ജമയ് 7 10 85%

പട്ടിക 2
ജചടികളജട ഉയരിം
തീയതി
ക്രമ വിേകൾ 15- 30- 12- 27- 15-07- 30- 15-
നിം. 05-21 05-21 06-21 06-21 21 07-21 08-21
1 പയർ 15.5 30.5 41.5 62.6 80.7 102 130
2 ജവണ്ട 10 22 46 55 60 70 80
3 ജവള്ളരി 12 30 50 75 92 130 150
4 തക്കാേി 5 12 22 30 41 48 50
5 വഴുതന 4 8 10 18 25 30 38
6 കാന്താരി 6 9 14 18 24 28 35
ഉണ്ട മുേക് 4 8 10 14 16 18 20

6
പട്ടിക 3
ജചടികളജട ശിഖരിം
തീയതി / ശിഖരത്തിജെ എണ്ണിം
ക്രമ വിേകൾ 15-05- 30-5-21 12-06- 27-06- 15-07- 30-07- 15-08-
നിം. 21 ശിഖരിം 21 21 21 21 21
ശിഖരിം ശിഖരിം ശിഖരിം ശിഖരിം ശിഖരിം ശിഖരിം
1 പയർ 3 6 8 10 12 16 19
2 ജവണ്ട 4 6 7 9 11 12 14
3 ജവള്ളരി 3 5 8 12 17 19 27
4 തക്കാേി 2 4 6 7 8 10 12
5 വഴുതന 3 7 10 12 14 18 22
6 കാന്താരി 2 4 7 10 15 20 25
ഉണ്ട മുേക് 3 5 6 9 12 15 17

പട്ടിക 4
പൂവിട്ട ദ്ിവസിം
ക്രമ നിം. വിേകൾ പൂവിട്ട ദ്ിവസിം
1 പയർ 15-06-21
2 ജവണ്ട 18-06-21
3 ജവള്ളരി 20-06-21
4 തക്കാേി 21-07-21
5 വഴുതന 10-06-21
6 കാന്താരി 15-06-21
ഉണ്ട മുേക് 14-06-21

പട്ടിക 5
ആദ്യ ഫലിം വന്ന ദ്ിവസിം
ക്രമ നിം. വിേകൾ ഫലിം വന്ന ദ്ിവസിം
1 പയർ 3-07-21
2 ജവണ്ട 5-07-21
3 ജവള്ളരി 2-07-21
4 തക്കാേി 10-08-21
5 വഴുതന 10-07-21
6 കാന്താരി 22-07-21
ഉണ്ട മുേക് 21-07-21

7
പട്ടിക 6
വിേജവടുപ്പ് നടത്തിയ ദ്ിവസങ്ങൾ
ക്രമ നിം. വിേകൾ വിേജവടുത്ത ദ്ിവസങ്ങൾ
1 പയർ 15-07-21, 20-07-21, 25-07-21, 01-08-21, 06-08-21,
09-08-21, 14-08-21
2 ജവണ്ട 15-07-21, 17-07-21, 21-07-21, 02-08-21, 10-08-21, 12-
08-21
3 ജവള്ളരി 15-07-21, 20-07-21, 01-08-21, 04-08-21, 12-08-21
4 തക്കാേി 21-08-21,23-08-21,
5 വഴുതന 20-07-21, 25-07-21, 27-07-21, 02-08-21, 10-08-21,
14-08-21
6 കാന്താരി 27-07-21, 02-08-21, 04-08-21, 10-08-21

ഉണ്ട മുേക് 27-07-21, 03-08-21, 07-08-21, 12-08-21

പട്ടിക 7
ഒകരാ വിേജവടുപ്പ് നടത്തിയകപ്പാഴുിം കിട്ടയ ഫലങ്ങളജട തൂക്കിം
ക്രമ നിം. വിേകൾ വിേകളജട തൂക്കിം
1 പയർ 15-07-21 – 300 രാിം
20-07-21- 200 രാിം
25-07-21- 200 രാിം
01-08-21- 250 രാിം
06-08-21- 200 രാിം
09-08-21- 200 രാിം
14-08-21- 250 രാിം
2 ജവണ്ട 15-07-21- 600 രാിം
17-07-21- 550 രാിം
21-07-21- 600 രാിം
02-08-21-600 രാിം
10-08-21- 500 രാിം
12-08-21- 500 രാിം
3 ജവള്ളരി 15-07-21- 2 കികലാ രാിം
20-07-21- 1 കികലാ രാിം
01-08-21- 2 കികലാ രാിം
04-08-21- 3 കികലാ രാിം
12-08-21- 3 കികലാ രാിം

4 തക്കാേി 21-08-21- 350 രാിം

23-08-21- 300 രാിം
5 വഴുതന 20-07-21 - 1 കികലാ രാിം
8
 25-07-21 - 2 കികലാ രാിം
27-07-21 - 1 കികലാ രാിം
02-08-21 - 3 കികലാ രാിം
10-08-21 - 2 കികലാ രാിം
14-08-21 - 1 കികലാ രാിം
6 കാന്താരി 27-07-21- 150 രാിം
02-08-21- 100 രാിം
04-08-21- 100 രാിം
10-08-21- 150 രാിം

ഉണ്ട മുേക് 27-07-21- 50 രാിം

03-08-21- 100 രാിം
07-08-21- 100 രാിം
08-08-21- 150 രാിം

പട്ടിക 8
സഞ്ചിത വിേവ്
ക്രമ നിം. വിേകൾ ജമാത്തത്തിലുള്ള തൂക്കിം
1 പയർ 1.800 കികലാ രാിം
2 ജവണ്ട 3.350 കികലാ രാിം
3 ജവള്ളരി 11 കികലാ രാിം
4 തക്കാേി 650 രാിം
5 വഴുതന 10 കികലാ രാിം
6 കാന്താരി 500 രാിം
ഉണ്ട മുേക് 400 രാിം

9
 അദ്ധ്യായിം: 4
ചിത്രങ്ങൾ
വിത്ത് പാകൽ

10
11
കരാ ബാഗ് നിറയ്ക്കൽ

12
പൂവിടുന്ന ഘട്ടിം

13
14
ഫലിം വന്ന ഘട്ടിം

15
വിേജവടുപ്പ്

16
17
 അദ്ധ്യായിം: 5
ധനലാഭ വിശകലനിം
ക്രമ നിം. വിേകൾ മുടക്കിയ തുക ലഭിച്ച തുക

1 പയർ 100 രൂപ 108 രൂപ

2 ജവണ്ട 100 രൂപ 100.5 രൂപ
3 ജവള്ളരി 100 രൂപ 770 രൂപ
4 തക്കാേി 0 0
5 വഴുതന 50 രൂപ 400 രൂപ
6 കാന്താരി 50 രൂപ 0
ഉണ്ട മുേക് 50 രൂപ 0

മുടക്കിയ തുക – 450 രൂപ

ലഭിച്ച തുക – 1378 രൂപ
ലാഭിം- 1378-450 = 928 രൂപ

18
 അദ്ധ്യായിം: 6
ഉപസിംഹാരിം
കകാവിഡ്-19 എന്ന ഈ മഹാമാരി കാലത്ത് നമ്മജേല്ലാവരുിം ഒരു
അടച്ചുപൂട്ടലിജെ സാഹചരയത്തിലാണ് . ഇതിൽ നിന്നുിം കവറിട്ട ഒരു അനുഭവിം
ആണ് എനിക്ക് ഓർഗാനിക്ക് ഫാമിിംഗ് കരാൈക്റ്റിലൂജട ലഭിച്ചത്. ചുരുങ്ങിയ
സ്ഥലത്ത് എങ്ങജന ഫലരദ്മായി കൃഷി ജചയ്യാജമന്ന് ഇതിലൂജട എനിക്ക്
മനസ്സിലായി. നമ്മൾ പാഴാക്കി കേയന്ന സമയിം ഉപകാരമുള്ള രവർത്തിക്കു
കവണ്ടി നീക്കിജവക്കാൻ സാധിച്ചു. ഇതിലൂജട വിഷമില്ലാത്ത പച്ചകറികൾ
വീട്ടിൽ ഉൽപാദ്ിപ്പിക്കാൻ സാധിച്ചു .
കൃഷി ജചയ്തകപ്പാൾ ഉള്ള സാഹചരയിം മഴ ആയതിനാൾ ആദ്യിം
പാകിയജതല്ലാിം നശിച്ചു കപായിരിന്നു. രണ്ടാിം തവണ കൃഷിക്കായി കരാ
ബാഗുകോണ് തിരജെടുത്തത് .
കടയിൽ നിന്നുിം, വീട്ടിൽ നിന്നുമായി കശഖരിച്ച വിത്തുകൾ ജചറിയ
പാത്രങ്ങേിലുിം ചട്ടികേിലുിം പാകി. കശഷിം കരാ ബാഗ് നീറയ്ക്കാൻ തീരുമാനിച്ചു.
ഇതിജെ ആദ്യ പടിയായി മണ്ണ്, ചാണകിം, ചകിരികച്ചാറ് എന്നിവ കചർത്തു.
കശഷിം മുേച്ച ലതകൾ കരാ ബാഗികലക്ക് മാറ്റി നട്ടു. അതിനു കശഷിംഒകരാ
ഘട്ടത്തിലുള്ള വേർച്ചയിം നിരീക്ഷിച്ചു കീടങ്ങേിൽ നിന്ന് സിംരക്ഷിക്കാനുള്ള
രവർത്തനങ്ങളിം ജചയ്ത. കൃതയമായ ഇടകവേകേിൽ ആവശയമായ വേവിം
ഉറപ്പു വരുത്തുകയിം നിശ്ചിത സമയത്തിനുള്ളിൽ വിേജവടുപ്പ് നടത്താനുിം
സാധിച്ചു.
ഈ കരാൈക്റ്റിലൂജട ലൈവ കയഷിജയ കുറിച്ച് കൂടുതൽ അറിയവാൻ സാധിച്ചു.

സിംരഹിം
ലൈവ കൃഷിയിലൂജട മണ്ണിജെ ഗുണകമന്മ വർദ്ധ്ിപ്പിക്കുകയിം വിഷരഹിത
പച്ചകറികൾ ഉൽപ്പാദ്ിപ്പിക്കാനുിം പരിസ്ഥിതിജയ സിംരക്ഷിക്കുവാനുിം
സാധിക്കുന്നു.

19
 Project rePort
ON

Organic Farming (MOOC) 2021

Submitted To: Submitted By:

Sr.Elizabeth Joseph Megha Elsa Sebastian

Assumption College Autonomous BSC Home Science 2020-2023

Changanassery Batch Roll No: 503

Assumption College Autonomous

Changanassery
1.1 INTRODUCTION

Organic farming is an organic agricultural system that originated early in the

twentieth century in response to rapidly evolving agricultural practices, in an effort
to improve the environment and prevent against adverse environmental impact.
Organic agriculture contributes significantly to the global food supply, through the
use of non-chemical pesticides and fertilizers. Organic farming is based on the
principles of natural agriculture, conservation of soil and biodiversity, respect for
human health and the reduction of use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides. This
has made organic farming difficult in some parts of the world, especially in terms
of access to land and working conditions for the people who work on them. For
these reasons, organic farming can be a complex and time-consuming activity,
as it requires an appropriate climate, soil structure and management strategies.
Organic farming can also be quite expensive due to the labor and equipment
involved, but it is generally more cost-effective than conventional farming. In
return, organic farming helps protect the environment and ensure healthier quality
foods, as conventional farming uses synthetic chemicals and toxins that may be
harmful to the environment. There are many benefits to organic farming, including
a reduction in food waste, lower production costs, better soil and water quality,
improved pest control, more organic products, reduced fuel emissions and less
foodborne diseases. However, one of the most important benefits of organic
farming is the assurance of quality produce. Organic food products are usually
free from harmful pesticides, herbicides and fertilizers. These chemicals may be
dangerous to humans and damage the soil, potentially leading to food insecurity.
In addition, the absence of these chemicals means a smaller carbon footprint.
How Organic Farming Benefits the Environment.

 Protect the environment by minimizing the erosion and degradation of soil,

optimize the biological productivity of plants, decrease the scale of pollution,
and promote higher health standards.
 Increase the long-term fertility of the soil in a region by taking efforts to
optimize the conditions for biological activity within the land
 Try and recycle resources and materials as much as possible
 Offer care and attention to livestock in order to promote their physical and
mental health.
 Utilize renewable resources wherever possible.
 Improve processing and handling methods with a focus on improving the
organic integrity of the produce.

Organic farmers are both custodians and users of biodiversity at all levels. At
the gene level, traditional and adapted seeds and breeds are preferred for their
greater resistance to diseases and their resilience to climatic stress. At the
species level, diverse combinations of plants and animals optimize nutrient and
energy cycling for agricultural production. At the ecosystem level, the
maintenance of natural areas within and around organic fields and absence of
chemical inputs create suitable habitats for wildlife. The frequent use of under-
utilized species (often as rotation crops to build soil fertility) reduces erosion of
agro-biodiversity, creating a healthier gene pool - the basis for future adaptation.
The provision of structures providing food and shelter, and the lack of pesticide
use, attract new or re-colonizing species to the organic area (both permanent
and migratory), including wild flora and fauna (e.g. birds) and organisms
beneficial to the organic system such as pollinators and pest predators.
2.1 LOCATION OF COLLEGE AND STUDENT
Assumption College is situated in Changanassery, Kottayam in Kerala state
of India. Established in 1949, it is accredited from NAAC and it is affiliated to
Mahatma Gandhi University. Megha Elsa Sebastian is a student of BSC Home
Science 2020-2023 Batch with roll No. 503 and living in Kattappana Idukki Dist.
Kerala.

2.2 CROPS SELECTED

 Ginger

 Green Chilly

 Ladies Finger
Ginger Green chilly Ladies Finger
 Red Spinach

 Turmeric

Turmeric
Red Spinach

Sl.No 2.2 Crop Selection 2.2.1 Varities 2.2.2 Source of Time to grow &
seed/ seedlings harvest
1 Ginger Varada Own home 7 to 8 months

2 Green Chilly California Wonder Local Market 7 to 8 months

3 Ladies finger Long Smooth Local Market 2 to 3 months

4 Red Spinach Dhantasag Red Local Market 1.5 to 2 months

5 Turmeric Prathipa Turmeric Own Home 8 to 9 months

(Table A)
Elaboration of Table A- regarding 2.2.1 Varieties and 2.4 Crop Seasons

1. Ginger
Ginger, aka Zingiber officinale, is a rhizome,
a thick underground stem that sprouts roots and
shoots. The leafy plant grows to about three feet tall
and produces clusters of greenish-purple flowers.
Ginger’s root or rhizome is the part used as a spice
or healing aid. Ginger varieties include Athira,
Karthika,Varada,IISR-Resatha,IISR-Mahima, Suravi
Suprabha and Himgiri. Depending on the variety, the
inside of the root can be yellow, red, or white. It’s harvested by pulling the entire plant
out of the soil, removing the leaves and cleaning the root. The best time for planting
ginger in West Coast of India is during the first fortnight of May with the receipt of pre
monsoon showers, while in North Eastern states, it is during April.

2 .Green Chilly
Green chillies have absolutely zero
calories, making them the perfect spice
ingredient for those focused on a healthy diet.
There are several varieties of chilies
such as Bird’s eye chilli,Byadagi,Ellachipur
Sannam,Kashmiri Chilli, Jwala, Kanthari
White, Nalchetti, Tadappally, Tomato
chilli,Chilli Pepper and California Wonder.
Chillies can be grown both as Kharif and Rabi crop. In addition they are also planted
at other times. Sowing months are May to June for Kharif crop, September to October
for Rabi crops.They can also speed up your metabolism as much as 50% for up to
three hours after eating, ensuring a healthy and fit lifestyle.
3.Ladies Finger
It is a type of green vegetable, long finger like,
having a small tip at the tapering end. Its head shows
a bulge, lighter green in shade, which is often
removed as inedible portion. The cross section cut
okra shows white colored round seeds spread entirely
inside the vegetable. One of the peculiar signs of this
vegetable is the internal stickiness. The
crop varieties are Kamini, Pusa Mukhamali, Parbhani
Kranti, Pusa Sawani, Vaishali, Vagmi, Padmini,Long
Smooth etc. lady Finger requires long warm growing season during
its growing period. It gives good yield in warm humid condition. It grows best within
a temperature range of 22-35°C. It can be successfully grown in rainy season even
in heavy rainfall area.
4.Red Spinach
Rich in calcium and niacin, the leafy
vegetable is a must include in your daily diet. From
being used as an ingredient in soups to being used
to cure calcium deficiency, red spinach is your
ultimate answer for a healthy life. Spinach varieties
come in Savoy, Semi-savoy, and Flat-
leafed types, with many cultivars of each. True
spinach grows best in the cooler temperatures of
spring and fall, although early and late varieties can extend the season into summer
and winter.

5.Turmeric
Turmeric, a plant in the ginger family, is
native to Southeast Asia and is grown
commercially in that region, primarily in India. Its
rhizome (underground stem) is used as a culinary
spice and traditional medicine. Turmeric main
Varieties are IISR -Pragati. IISR-
Kedaram(Turmeric). Prathibha (Turmeric).
Prabha (Turmeric). Suguna (Turmeric),Suvarna,
Sudharsana. The areas where the rainfall is sufficiently early, crop can
be planted during April-May with the receipt of pre-monsoon showers.
Since turmeric is a shade loving plant, castor or Sesbania grandiflora may be raised
along the border lines in the field.
2.3 Area/ no.of bags
Total 25 number of Grow bags with the dimensions of 24 cm x 24 cm x 40
cm, has been used for the cultivation.

2.5 Weather condition prevailed

The project was started on the month of April 2021 in Idukki,Kattappana
Sl. Month Weather Average Average Rainy Days
no conditions Temperature Rainfall
1 April Spring 26.9°C 122 mm 6 days
2 May Spring 26.3°C 179 mm 8 days
3 June Rainy days 24.2°C 407 mm 20 days
4 July Rainy days 24°C 572 mm 25 days

(Table B)

2.6 Agricultural implements and equipment’s used

 Spade
 Shovel
 Hand Trowel
 Watering Can

2.7 Liming material and quantity

The pH value of soil is one of a number of environmental conditions that affects
the quality of plant growth and PH level of soil was tested before planting the seeds.
800 grams of Wood ashes were used to raise the soil PH. They contain fairly high
amounts of potassium & calcium, and small amounts of phosphate, boron and other
elements.

2.8 Manures
Manure, organic material that is used to fertilize land, usually consisting of
the feces and urine of domestic livestock, with or without accompanying litter such
as straw, hay, or bedding. Farm animals void most of the nitrogen, phosphorus, and
potassium that is present in the food they eat, and this constitutes an enormous
fertility resource.
2.8.1 Basal Application
The basal is applied just one day before sowing or planting and mixed or
drilled in the soil. Care is taken for the presence of sufficient soil moisture.

2.8.2 Top Dressing

Top dressing is the act of spreading a thin layer over the surface of something.
The addition of fertilizers to crops during the growing season in order to improve
plant nutrition and boost yields. Fertilizer is often applied to the soil, so that the
nutrients are taken up by the roots.

2.8.2 Bio fertilizers

Bio fertilizers are defined as preparations containing living cells or latent cells
of efficient strains of microorganisms that help crop plants’ uptake of nutrients by their
interactions in the rhizosphere when applied through seed or soil. They accelerate
certain microbial processes in the soil which augment the extent of availability of
nutrients in a form easily assimilated by plants.

2.8.3 Bio slurries

Bio slurry is the liquid discharged at the bio digester outlet after gas has been
tapped for energy. The bio digesters are fed daily with a mixture of fresh crowding
and water which is retained in the digester for a period of two to three months before
being discharged as bio slurry. Some literature refer to it as dig estate, sludge or
simply slurry. Bio Slurry is made up of 93% water and 7% dry matter. The dry matter
contains Nitrogen (N), Phosphorus (P) and Potassium (K), which are the required
nutrients for the healthy growing of crops.

2.9 Bio pesticides

Bio pesticides are biochemical pesticides that are naturally occurring substances,
which control pests by non-toxic mechanisms. They are usually inherently less toxic
than conventional pesticide. Bio pesticides generally affect only the target pest and
closely related organisms, in contrast to broad-spectrum conventional pesticides that
may affect organisms as different as birds, insects and mammals including humans.
Bio pesticides often are effective in very small quantities and often decompose very
quickly, there by resulting in lower exposures and largely avoiding the pollution
problems caused by the conventional pesticides.
2.10 Bio control agents
Biological control agent refers to the use of natural or modified organisms,
gene products, to reduce the effects of undesirable organisms and to favor desirable
organisms such as crops, beneficial insects, and microorganisms
.

2.11 Any other inputs used

No other methods were used.

2.12 Crop management

Crop management begins with the sowing of seeds, continues with crop
maintenance during growth and development, and ends with crop harvest. During
seed sowing, a mechanized planter often opens a furrow in the prepared soil seed
bed, places the seed in the exposed moist soil, covers the planted seed, and then
often packs the soil down to assure firm seed-soil contact. During crop growth, a
variety of crop and soil maintenance as well as weed removal practices may be
undertaken

2.12.1 Land preparation / potting mixture preparation

Potting mixture was prepared in several steps
 First of all collection of soil from the field for 25 grow bags
 Mixing ample amount of Coco peat soil which is made from the pith inside a
coconut husk.

2.12.2 Liming
For improving soil PH level, wood ashes were slightly added to the soil in the
beginning step.

2.12.3 Basal manuring

Cow dung is used for basal manuring, it is an organic fertilizer. The dry form of
cow dung is converted into powder and mix it up with the soil.

2.12.4 Grow bag filling

Initially total 25 grow bags are used for the organic farming. It is just filled ¾
portion of grow bags with the soil and planted various seeds.
2.12.6 Top dressing
After 20 days top dressing process has been starts by composting cow manure
and used as top dressing. Cow manure becomes a nutrient-rich fertilizer.

2.12.7 Pest management and (2.12.8) Disease management

Effective pest management depends on the accurate identification of the
pest. Insects and mites often are associated with specific plants, and they follow
certain development and behavior patterns as the season progresses. Plant
diseases may be caused by pathogens including fungi, nematodes, bacteria, or
viruses. Each pathogen is capable of infecting only certain plants. Infection
occurs under particular environmental conditions, with symptoms of the disease
appearing later. In my organic farm several number of leaf eating worms were
identified and destroyed using physical method by hand. No disease were seen
on the plants till now

2.12.9 Water management

The main challenge confronting water management in agriculture is to improve
water use efficiency and its sustainability. Watering cans were used to pore water in
morning and evening to the plant in every sunny day.

2.12.10 Harvest
Harvesting is the process which involves cutting of mature crop. Out of 5 crops
(Ginger, Green chili, Ladies finger, Red spinach and Turmeric) only red spinach had
its first harvest.
Observation and data collection

Table.1. Germination / plant stand establishment percent

Time Total Germination/plant stand establishment percent

Intervals Ginger Green Ladies Red Turmeric
chili finger spinach
15 Days 0% 30% 50% 40 % 20%
30 Days 0% 70% 80% 80% 90%
45 Days 50%
60 Days 80%

Table 2. Height of plants in cm. (15 days interval)

Time Height of plants in cm

Intervals Ginger Green Ladies Red Turmeric
chili finger spinach
15 Days - 4.5 cm 9 cm 5.5 cm 18 cm
30 Days - 12 cm 22 cm 22 cm 27 cm
45 Days - 15 cm 32 cm 29 cm 38 cm
60 Days 26 cm 18 cm 35 cm 53 cm 54 cm
75 Days 42 cm 25 cm 37 cm Harvested 60 cm

Table 3. No. of branches (15 days interval)

Time Number of branches

Intervals Ginger Green Ladies Red Turmeric
chili finger spinach
15 Days - 2 3 2 1
30 Days - 4 5 5 3
45 Days - 6 5 9 5
60 Days 1 9 8 15 6
75 Days 2 11 9 Harvested 8
Table.4. Day of first flowering (Days After Sowing/ planting)

Days after First flowering

sowing Ginger Green chili Ladies Red Turmeric
finger spinach
15 Days - - - - -
30 Days - - - - -
45 Days - - - - -
60 Days - - 1 3 -
75 Days - - 5 - -

*Number of flowers are mentioned in numbers

Table 5. Day of first fruiting (Days After Sowing/ planting)

Days after First fruiting

sowing Ginger Green chili Ladies Red Turmeric
finger spinach
30 Days - - - - -
62 Days - - 1 - -

Table 6. Harvest days (Days After Sowing/ planting)

Days after First harvest

sowing Ginger Green chili Ladies Red Turmeric
finger spinach
30 Days - - - - -
62 Days - - - Harvested -
Table 7. No. and weight of fruits from each harvest

First No. and weight of fruits

Harvest Ginger Green chili Ladies Red Turmeric
finger spinach
30 Days - - - - -
62 Days - - - 500 grams -

Table 8. Cumulative Yield (kg)

Days after Cumulative Yield (kg)

sowing Ginger Green chili Ladies Red Turmeric
finger spinach
30 Days - - - - -
62 Days - - - 500 grams -
Photos

4.1. Grow bag preparation and lay out

 Ginger Green chilly

Ladies finger

Red Spinach
Turmeric
4.2. Flowering stage

Ginger, Green chili, Turmeric, Red spinach not yet flowered.

Flowering stages of Ladies Finger

Stage 1 Stage 2

Stage 3 Stage 4
Stage 5 Stage 6
4.3. Fruiting stage

In the organic farming only ladies finger had the first fruit
4.4. Harvest stage
Only Red spinach has been harvested

First harvest
.500grams
Cost Benefit analysis
Table A Table B
Items Purchased Expense (rs.) Crops Status Profit

25 Grow Bag 150 1.Ginger Not Harvested -

Seeds 100 2.Green Chilly Not Harvested -
Organic Pesticides 100 3.Ladies Finger Not Harvested -
Total 350.Rs 4.Red Spinach .500 grams 80.rs

5.Turmeric Not Harvested -

Total profit calculation is not As per now
possible at this current stage, (Total Expense- 270.Rs Still remaining
because the rest of crops need Total Profit = in the expense side
more time to harvest 350 - 80= 270)

Organic farming avoids the use of artificial fertilizers and pesticides but
relies on more traditional methods of fertilization and pest control, such as crop
rotation, barrier nets and natural pest control. Total cost of expenses are 25 grow
bag purchase for 150.rs, for the seeds 100.rs, and other organic pesticides 100.rs
.It was a small low cost organic farming of around 350.rs, apart from that moving
to the income side according to the 5 crops that had planted only red spinach had
been harvested and I got .500grams of fresh red spinach which may cost 80.rs in
the local market. Farmers get good price for their organic products because of
healthy and nutritious in nature. Therefore organic farming is profitable to many
farmers who are practicing organic agriculture. Organic agriculture is often
proposed as a solution to this challenge of achieving sustainable food
security. Production costs tend to be lower in established organic systems because
of reduced input costs. To promote food security and sustainability, ecologically
intensive farming systems should reliably produce adequate yields of high-quality
food, enhance the environment, be profitable, and promote social wellbeing.
Conclusion

Organic farming yields more nutritious and safe food. The popularity of
organic food is growing dramatically as consumer seeks the organic foods that are
thought to be healthier and safer. Thus, organic food perhaps ensures food safety
from farm to plate. The organic farming process is more eco-friendly than
conventional farming. Organic farming keeps soil healthy and maintains
environment integrity thereby, promoting the health of consumers. Moreover, the
organic produce market is now the fastest growing market all over the world
including India. Consumer interest in superfoods with high nutritional or health
properties and the desire for locally grown and fresh produce provide a commercial
opportunity for growers. Domestic and international demand the production of
turmeric has to be improved through increasing productivity. The increase in
the productivity can be achieved through improved technologies and by
solving the problems faced by the farmers such as financial assistance,
timely availability of inputs such as seed material, fertilizers etc. More
importance should be given to the research and development pertaining to turmeric.
Looking into the importance of turmeric and export earnings and domestic needs
government should increase and stabilize its outlay of funds for turmeric under the
spice development programs.
Abstract

In the ancient time, agriculture was practiced without the use of artificial
chemicals. The use of artificial chemicals such as fertilizers and pesticides came
into picture during the mid-19th century. This kind of agricultural practice was
causing harm to the environment. With the rapid change in farming practices,
organic farming came into existence in the 20th century. It made use of
environment friendly practices by avoiding the use of artificial chemicals and
making use of organic matter to raise crops. Organic food is beneficial to human
health and the practice of organic farming keeps the environment clean. Organic
farming offers an alternative to more wide spread, high input farming practices that
use synthetic fertilizers, fungicides and pesticides. It is based on the idea that the
soil is a living system so these synthetic products are largely excluded from
organic farms. Organic agriculture relies on crop rotation, animal manures, crop
residues, green manures and the biological control of pests and diseases to
maintain soil health and productivity. Organic crops are often of higher value than
conventional ones and the volume of organic crops shows a continually increasing
production trend. The sale of crops labeled as organic or biological is highly
regulated in most advanced markets. The environmental impact of organic farming
is low and can be seen as a way of cleaning up and improving degraded
agricultural land. Organic farming has been started with 25 grow bags, firstly
prepared and filled the mixture of compost and soil in the bags for planting different
varieties of seed in different bags. After planting the seed given proper watering
and needful fertilizers on various period. The first flowering was on day 62 from
ladies finger and the first harvest was done from the red spinach (.500 grams).
Other crops need more time for flowering and harvest. This was a wonderful happy
experience for me which aid to see various stages of growth period of crops.
Reference

 https://www.britannica.com/topic/organic-farming
 http://www.omafra.gov.on.ca/english/crops/facts/09-077.htm
 https://agritech.tnau.ac.in/org_farm/orgfarm_introduction.html
 https://www.24mantra.com/blogs/organic-lifestyle/know-your-food-
natural-fertilizers-used-in-organic-farming/
 https://www.farmprogress.com/management/organic-fertilizer-
options-available-all
 https://www.downtoearth.org.in/interviews/the-benefits-of-organic-
farming-far-outweigh-the-costs-20855
 https://ofrf.org/
PROJECT REPORT
ON
ORGANIC FARMING
MOOC 2021

Submitted by,
SONA SARA BIJI
BSc. Home Science
2020-2023 Batch
Roll No:512
ASSUMPTION
COLLEGE
CHANGANACHERRY
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SEMESTER – 1 PROJECT REPORT

MASSIVE ONLINE OPEN COURSE (MOOC)

IN
ORGANIC FARMING

Submitted to
MAHATMA GANDHI UNIVERSITY
KOTTAYAM

By
Name of student : SULFA FATHIMA
Name of the programme : Bachelor of
science (BSc) Department: Home science
ASSUMPTION COLLEGE(AUTONOMOUS)
CHANGANACHERRY, KOTTAYAM
INTRODUCTION

Organic farming is a method, which involves the

cultivation of plants and rearing of animals in
natural ways . This produre involves the use of
biological materials to maintain soil fertility and
ecological balance thereby minimizing pollution
and wastage . In other words, organic farming is a
technique that involves growing and nurturing
crops without the use of synthetic based fertilizers
and pesticides.More over no genetically modified
organisms are permitted . The main goal of organic
production is to develop enterprises that are
sustainable and hormonious with the
environment.

Organic farming promotes the use of crop

rotations and cover crop and encourages balanced
predator relationships.Organic residues and
nutrients produced on the form are recycled back
to the soil .Cover crops and composted manure
are used to keep soil organic matter and fertility .
Prevention disease control method are practiced,
including crop rotation,improved geneties and
resistant varieties . Integrated pest and weed
management, and soil conservation system are
valuable tools on an organic farm .

Organic accepted pesticides contain natural or

other pest organization products included in the
permitted substance list of the organic standards .
The permitted substance list identifies substance
acceptable far use as pesticides in organic
agriculture . All grains forages and protein
supplements fed to live stock must be organically
grown . Prohibited products and practices must
not be used on certificated organic forms for at
least three year perior to harvest of the certified
organic products . Livestock must be raised
organically and fed 100 percent organic feed
ingredients .

Materials of methods

• Location of college and student .

Location of college changanassry and location

of student chunkappara .

• Crops seleted
 1. Green chilly
2. Red spinach
3. Ginger
4. Curry leaves
5. Colocasia

• Source of seed and seedling

Seeds were collected krishi bhawan ,and
houses

• Area/ no of grow bags

Area used for this crop in 1 cent land .

• Crop section
February to March – Planting Time
July to August - Harvest Time
 • Weather condition prevailed
Month Rainfall Rain days
February 0.4 4 days
March 65 mm 5 days
April 100mm 8 days
May 250mm 12 days
June 500mm 20 days
July 600mm 22 days
August 350 mm 20 days
September 568mm 10 days

Average
atmosphere
temperature
28 degree
Celsius
29 degree
Celsius
29.5 degree
Celsius
30 degree
Celsius
30: degree
Celsius
29 degree
Celsius
29 degree
Celsius
28 degree
Celsius
 • Agriculture implemented Enquiment used .
Enquipment used for organic farming are
spade , sickle, Axe, pickaxe ,,water can,
• Liming Material and quality
Liming neutralizes the acidity of the soil for
optimum growth of crop. The needed quantity was
used for the crops.

• Manurs
Manures used for organic farming are cattle
manure,fish manures ,and vegetable Peel .
• Basic Application
Basic Applications used for organic farming
• Top dressing

Top dressing is the act of applying fertilizers to

the media surface of a containerized plant.
With this method grows can differentiate
between fertilizers type and rates based on the
needs and goal of a particular planting block.

• Bio Slurries

Poultry waste was used as a bio slurry .it is a

good fertiliser for crops that improve the soil
fertility ,soil structure and crop yields.

• Bio Pesticides
Bio Pesticides are certain types of pesticides
derived from such natural materials as
 animals, plants ,and bacteria, for example
baking soda have pesticidal application and
are considered biopesticides .

• Biocontrol Agents
Biological control agent refer to the use of
natural or modified organisms ,gene product,
to reduce the effect of undesirable organisms
and to favor desirable organisms such as crops ,
No biocontrol agent was used.

• Any other Inputs Used

The plants were guarded using a fence and baking
soda was used at times to remove insects.
• Crop Management
The crop were well looked after and cared for by
watering them and taking organic measures to
remove bacteria.

• Land Preparation or potting Mixture

preparation

The soil was dug and mixed with manures like cow
dung , etc which keep the soil fertile and is good
for plant growth.
• Liming
The process of liming the soil was done with cow
dung and grass residues to neutralize the acidity
of the soil.

• Basal Manuring
Cow dung was also used as basal manure before
planting seed and seedling.
 • Grow bag filling
No grow bag was used in the crop.
• Seeding and planting
The seed and seedlings were planted in the soil
mixed with manures like cow dung ,neem cake
etc.
• Top dressing
The seeds were Planted in the soil and organic
manure or fertilizer were used top dressing.
• Pest management
No pesticides was used in organic farming
• Disease Management
Disease management in the process Preventing
diseases in crop to increase the .
• Water Management
The crops were well watered by water by well, But
on rainy days. They were not water .
• Harvest
 Ginger , green chilly , curry leaves, Colocasia,Red
spinach were harvest.

OBSERVATION AND DATA COLLECTION

Table -1 Germination and plant stand established

PLANT GERMINATION PLANT

ESTABLISHED

Green chilly 1 week After planting

the seed in the
pot .it was well
soil moist .
When the
plants beign
grow adequate
 light was
received water.
The seeds were
Red spinach 1 week planted on a
well ploughed
soil.good
amount of
water and
sunlight was
provided for
the growth of
the plant.
To plant ginger,
Ginger 1 to 2 weeks the land was
ploughed twice
to make the
soil loose and
friable. It Was
planted in
proper spaced
lines ensuring
 good sunlight
and water.
Sapling of the
curry leaves
Curry leaf 1 week were planted in
a well fertile
soil. Water and
sunlight was
availability.
To plant
colocasia the
Colocasia 20 days land was
ploughed twice
to make soil
loose.The
proper place
for sunlight and
water.
TABLE 2-Height of the plant in cm ( 15 days
intervals)
PlANTS HEIGHT (30) HEIGHT (45)
days days
Green chilly 8cm 12 cm

Red spinach 6cm 20 cm

Ginger 5cm 20cm

Colocasia 10cm 25cm

TABLE 3 – Number of branches( 15 days intervals)

PLANT 15 days 30 days

Green chilly 2-3 leaves 4-8 leaves

Red spinach 3-4 leaves 4-8 leaves

Ginger 2 leaves 1 4 leaves a

branch branch
Curry leaf 2 leaves 4 leaves

Colocasia 1 leaves 2 leaves

45 days

3 branches and
several leaves
2 branches

More than 4
leaves found
More than 2
leaves
More than 3
leaves
TABLE 4- Days of the first flowering (days after
sowing or planting)

PLANT DAYS Of First

FlOWERING Of THE
PLANT
Green chilly Afte r 2 month
Red spinach After 1month
Ginger After 175 days
Curry leaf One year or three
Colocasia 6 months
TABLE 5-Days of first fruiting (days after sowing or
planting)

PLANT DAYS of first fruiting of

the plant

Green chilly 70th day

Red spinach 3 month
Ginger 2 month
Curry leaves After 2 year
Colocasia After 3 month
TABLE 6 – Harvest days ( days after sowing/
planting)

PLANT HARVEST
Green chilly 2 to 3 month
Red spinach 3to 4 month
Ginger 3 to 4 month
Curry leaf 10 to 12 month
Colocasia 6 to 8 month
TABLE 7- cumulative yield
PLANT CUMULATIVE YIELD

Green chilly 0.1 kg

Red spinach 0.5 kg
Ginger 1 kg
Curry leaf 0.3 kg
Colocasia 1kg

TABLE 8-Number and weight of fruits from each

harvest

PLANT HARVEST 1 HARVEST 2

Green chilly 0.05kg 0.07 kg
Red spinach 0.4kg 0.4kg
Ginger 0.5 kg 0.5 kg
Curry leaf 50gm 100gm
Colocasia 2 kg 4kg

PICTURE
Curry leaf
Green chilly
Ginger
Colocasia
Red spinach
 • Cost and benefits

Organic farming has emerged as an alternative

system of farming which not only addresses the
quality and sustainability concern ,but also ensure
profitable livelihood option for rural communities.
Due to very little accessible information on
economics and efficiency of organic farming,an
attempt is made to assess it in different crops .The
crop economic results showed a positive result on
organic farming .In general , organic farming is a
production system which has low productivity
level needs more labor, changing net income level
along with selling prices.

Compared with conventional agriculture , organic

farming uses fewer pesticides , reduces soil
erosion, decrease nitrite leaching into ground
water and surface water, and recycle animals
waste back to farm .These benefits are
counterbalanced by high food cost for consumers
are generally lower yield.

• Conclusion
 Organic farming yields more nutritious and safe
food. The popularity of organic food is growing
dramatically as consumer seeks the organic food
that are thought to be healthier and safer .Thus
organic food perhaps ensure food safty from
farm to plate .The organic agriculture promotes
the health of consumers of a nation ,the
ecological health of a nation, and the economic
growth of a nation by income generation
holistically.
Organic farming is the best and the most viable
alternative for traditional farming techniques.

produce of organic farming has high nutritional

value in comparison to conventional farming
methods, then the use of harmful chemical
fertilizers and pesticides will poison food cycle.
think the most suitable crops to be grown in my
locality ginger, green chilly, because of the
climate and good fertile soil . Good availablity
sunlight and water. Green chilly,ginger used in
our household cooking purpose. Don’t have to
buy them from outside the market.
ഓർഗാനിക്
ഫാർമിങ്

െ പാജക് ് റിേ ാർ ്

To,
Sr. Jeseena Mathew
Submitted by,
Rosmi Chacko 907
 ആമുഖം
•വീ ിൽ ഒരു ൈജവ പ റി േതാ ം
•കാർഷികവ ിയിലൂ ിയ ഒരു സംസ് ാരമാണ് നമമുേടത്. ന ുെട നിത ആഹാര ിൽ
പ റികൾ ് വളെര പധാനെ ാനമാണുളളത്. മുൻപ് ന ുെട വീ വള ിൽ വിവിധ
തരം പ റികൾ നാം കൃഷി െചയ്തിരു ു. ന ുെട ആവശ ൾ ് നാം തെ കൃഷി
െചയ്തു ാ ു ഈപ റികെളയാണ് ആ ശയി ിരു ത്. എ ാൽ കാല കേമണ
ന ുെട സ ാ ശയശീലം ഇ ാതാവുകയും െപാതുവിപണിയിൽ നി ് നമു ് ആവശ മു വ
വാ ി ഉപേയാഗി ാനും തുട ി. ഇ ് പ റി മാ തമ മു ,പാൽ , േകാഴി,ഇറ ി, അരി,
തുട ി അവശ വസ്തുകൾ ് നാം അന സം ാനെ ആ ശയിേ അവ യിൽ
എ ി േചർ ിരി ു ു.ഇ ് ന ു ് ലഭി ു പ റികൾ മാരകമായ രാസ കീടനാശിനി,
രാസവളം എ ിവയാൽ മലിനമാ െ ിരി ു ു. ശു മായ, പക തിദ മായ പ റി ഇ ്
ലഭ മ ാതായിരി ു ു. നാം പണം െകാടു ് വാ ു ത് ഈ പ റികൾ മാ തമ
ക ാൻസർ , ജ ൈവകല േരാഗ ൾ, ത ് േരാഗ ൾ , നാഡി േരാഗ ൾ തുട ിയവ
കൂടിയാണ് എ ് ഓർ ുക .ന ള ം ന ുെട വരും തലമുറയും വിഷലിപ്തമായ ഈ പഴം-
പ റികൾ ഉപേയാഗി ു തിൽ നി ് പിൻമാേറ ിയിരി ു ു. അതിനായി നാം
െചേ ത് വളെര ലളിതമായ ഒരു കാര ം മാ തം! ന ുെട വീ വള ിൽ സ യം ൈജവപ റി
കൃഷിെച ക എ താണ് ഇതിനു ഏക പരിഹാരം.
•എെ േപര് േറാസ്മി ചാേ ാ, ര ാം വർഷ മലയാള ബിരുദ വിദ ാർ ിനിയാണ്. മഹാ ാ
ഗാ ി യൂണിേവഴ്സി ി ഡി ഗി വിദ ാർ ികളിൽ ൈജവ കൃഷിെയ കുറി അവേബാധം
വളർ ുവാൻ േവ ി മുേ ാ െകാ ുവ േകാഴ്സ് ആണ് MOOC ഓർഗാനിക് ഫാമിംഗ്.
ഇതിെ ഭാഗമായി ഞാൻ ത ാറാ ിയ േ പാജക്ട് റിേ ാർ ് ആണിത്.
• ഞാൻ െചയ്ത ൈജവകൃഷി രീതികൾ , വിളകൾ , പരിപാലന രീതി, ഭൂമി ത ാറാ ൽ,
കീടനിയ ണ ൾ , പരിപാലനം, േരാഗനിയ ണം, കൃഷിയുെട വിവിധ ഘ ൾ എ ിവയാണ്
ഞാൻ ഈ െ പാജക് ിൽ ഉൾെകാ ി ിരി ു ത്.
MOOC േ പാജക്ട്
മാർ േരഖ
•MOOC യുെട േ പാജക്ട് മാർ േരഖ ഇ പകാരമാണ്
•1. സംഘാടനം
•2. ഗുണേഭാ ാ ൾ
•3. െ പാജക് ് നട ാ ു ലം
•4. വിളകൾ
•5. കൃഷി ാലം
•6. കൃഷി ഉപകരണ ൾ
•7. വള ൾ
•8. വി ു നടീൽ വസ്തു ൾ
•9. പരിപാലനമുറകൾ
•10. പരിശീലന പരിപാടികൾ
•11. നിരീ ണ ള ം വിവര േശഖരണ ള ം
•12. േകാേളജ് തല വിലയിരു ൽ െസമിനാറുകൾ.

• െമ ീരിയലുകള ം രീതികള ം

•പ റി വിളകൾ :- ചീര, െവ ,പാവൽ, മ ൻ ,വഴുതന, പ മുളക്, ത ാളി .

• സുഗ വിളകൾ :- ഇ ി , മാ ാഇ ി.
• കിഴ ു വിളകൾ :- േചന, കൂർ
േകാേളജിെ യും
വിദ ാർ ിയുെടയും ലം
• േകാ യം ജി യിെല ച
നാേ രിയിൽ
ആണ് അസംഷൻ ഓേ ാേണാമസ് േകാേളജ്
ിതി െച ത്.

• ആല ഴ ജി യിെല കു നാട് താലൂ ിെല

കരുമാടിയിൽ ആണ് എെ വീട്.
 നിലം ത ാറാ ൽ
വി ് നടീൽ
• വീടിനടു ു കൃഷിഭവനിൽ നി ് പ റി
വിളകള െടയും, സുഗ വിളകള െടയും,
കിഴ ുവിളകള െടയും വി ുകൾ േശഖരി .
• പ മുളക് കാ ാരി തുട ിയവ േ ഗാബാഗുകളിൽ
ചാ ുകളിലുമായി വ ് പിടി ി ുകയായിരു ു.
പാവൽ പയർ തുട ിയവ വീ വള ിൽ ന .
വീടിെ പുറകിൽ പു കയറി കിട ിരു ലം
െവ ി വൃ ിയാ ി അവിടം കിള ് കൃഷി ്
േയാഗ മാ ി. കു നാടൻ ചളി പേദശമായതിനാൽ
മ ിെ പുളി ിെന സ ുലിതമാ ാൻ കിള
മറി ല ് കു ായെ ാടി വിതറി, ഒരു
ആഴ് ് േശഷം വീ ും അവിടം കിള . പി ീട്
ചാണകെ ാടിയും, ൈജവവളവും, സംേയാജി ി ്
കിള ല ് വിതറി, േശഷം വി ്ന .
 കൃഷിയുെട ആരംഭം
• 09/04/2021-ൽ ആണ് പധാനമായും കൃഷി െച ാൻ
ആരംഭി ത്.ഒരു ആഴ്ച മ ിെ പുളി ് മാറാൻ ആയി
കാ ിരു ു.
• 19/04/2021-ൽ വിളകൾ ന .
• ഇ ി,കാ ാരി, പ മുളക്,െവ , ത ാളി എ ിവയാണ്
ന ത്.
• 21/04/2021-ൽ ചീര, പാവൽ, വഴുതന, മാ ാഇ ി, േചന,
മ ൻ,കൂർ ാ എ ിവ ന .
• പി ീട് എ ാ ദിവസവും േവ കമീകരണ ൾ െചയ്തു
െകാടു ു.
• 26/04/2021-ൽ വി ് മുളെപാ ി മുകളിേല ് വ ു.
െവയിലിെ കാഠിന ം കൂടുതലായതിനാൽ െചറിയ
തണലുകൾ െവ െകാടു ു. പിെ മ ് െചറുതായി
ഇള ി െകാടു ു. ആവശ ാനുസരണം െവ െമാഴി
നൽകി.
കാർഷിക ഉപകരണ ൾ
ഉപേയാഗി വള ൾ

• കൃഷി ായി തൂ ,
ാ മൺെവ ി ച ര , ി
തുട ിയവയും െവ , െമാഴി ാനായി
,
െതാ ി ക ് എ ിവയും ഉപേയാഗി .

• NSS ആക്ടിവി ിയുെട ഭാഗമായി വീ ിൽ തെ

ഉ ാ ിയ പ റി കേ ാ ് ,
,
േകാഴികാഷ്ടം മു േ ,
ാട് േഗാ മൂ തം ,
ചാണകം എ ിവ വളം ആയി ഉപേയാഗി .

• കീടനിയ ണ ിനായി പുകയില കഷായം ,

കാ ാരി മുളക് മി ശിതം എ ിവ തളി ്
െകാടു .
ു
കൃഷി നാശം & ര ാം കൃഷി
•പ റികള െട വിളെവടു ിന് ആയു
കാ ിരി ിനിടയിൽ അ പതീ ിതമായി
ഉ ായ െവ െ ാ ിൽ എെ
കൃഷി ് നാശം സംഭവി . വീടിെ
പരിസര ് െവ ം കയറി. കൃഷി എ ാം
നശി .
• 07/06/2021-ൽ ഞാൻ കൃഷി വീ ും
പുനർആരംഭി . ആദ െ േപാെല മ ്
കിള നിലെമാരു ി. അവസാനം 15/08/2021-
ൽ ഞാൻ എെ പ റി ൾ
വിളെവടു ു. ഒേ െറ അഭിമാനം േതാ ിയ
ഒരു നിമിഷം ആയിരു ു എനി ത്.
മുള ത് - ശതമാനം %

• വിളകൾ

• ചീര80%ന് മുകളിൽ
• െവ 70-85%
• ത ാളി 90%

• പ മുളക് 90%ന് മുകളിൽ

• കാ ാരി 80%ന് മുകളിൽ

• പാവൽ മ, ,
ൻ വഴുതന ഇ , ,
ി േചന ,
എ ിവയുെട വിളെവടു ് ആയി ി .
 ഉപസംഹാരം

• യുവ തലമുറ ് കൃഷിേയാടു താൽ ര ം

കുറ ുവരു താണ് കാർഷികേമഖല േനരിടു പധാന
പശ്നം . യുവജന ൾ ് കൃഷിയുെട പാധാന െ
കുറി ് മന ിലാ ാൻ േവ MOC
ി മുേ ാ െവ
ഓർഗാനിക് ഫാമിംഗ് എ ആശയം വളെര ന ഒരു കാര ം
ആണ്. ഇതിലൂെട മ ിേല ് ഇറ ാനും വിഷം
അടി ാ ന പ റി ൾ ഉൽപാദി ി ാനും
സാധി എ തിൽ ഞാൻ അഭിമാനം െകാ ു.
ഇതിനായി േവ നിർേ ശ ൾത ് കൂെട നി
ഞ ള െട പിയെ ജസീനാ ് ഈ അവസര ിൽ
ന ി അറിയി ു ു. അതുേപാെല തെ എെ കൂെട
നി എെ അ ും ഞാൻ ന ി പറയു ു.

• കൃഷിെയ സ്േനഹി ു ഒരു തലമുറെയയാണ് നമു ്

ആവശ ം . മനുഷ രാശിയുെട നിലനിൽ ിന് കൃഷി കൂടിേയ
തീരൂ എ േബാധ മു വരായി ന ു ് മാറാം .

• ന ി,നമസ്കാരം
Presented On
19/08/2021
Time :5:00pm - 5:10pm
Organic Farming
To,
Sr. Jeseena Mathew
Submitted by,
Liya Loid 917
Date:25/08/2021
 ആമുഖം

• ൈജവ കീടനാശിനികൾ, കേ ാ ,്
പ ില വള ൾ , ഇടവിളകൃഷി, യാ ിക
നടിയിൽ തുട ിയവ ആ ശയി ു തും രാസവള ള ം, തൃതീയ
രാസകീടനാശിനികള ം തീർ ും ഒഴിവാ ിഉ തും െചടി വളർ നിയ ണ
വസ്തു ൾ, ക ുകാലി സീ കളിൽ േചർ ു രാസപദാർഥ ൾ , ൈജവ മാ ം
വരു ിയ വി ുകൾ എ ീ രീതികൾ ഉപേയാഗി ാെതയും നട െ ടു
കൃഷിരീതിയാണ് ൈജവകൃഷി അഥവാ ഓർഗാനിക് ഫാർമിങ് എ ് പറയു ത് .
• "മ ിെനയും മനുഷ െനയും ആവാസ വ വ യുെടയും ആേരാഗ ം
നിലനിർ ു ഒരു ഉൽപാദന രീതിയാണ് ൈജവകൃഷിരീതി.േദാഷ ഫല ൾ
ഉ ാ ു േചരുവകൾ ഉപേയാഗി ു തിന് പകരം പരി ിതിയുെട സ ാഭാവിക
പ കിയകൾ , ൈജവൈവവിധ ം, ചം കമണം തുട ിയ പാേദശിക അവ കൾ ്
അനുരൂപമായ ഇതിെന മാ തേമ ഈ കൃഷിരീതി ആ ശയി ു ു ഉ .
പര രാഗത രീതികള ം പു ൻ കെ ലുകള ം ശാസ് തീയ രീതികള ം
സംേയാജി ി െകാ ് പരി ിതിയിെല എ ാ വിഭാഗ ിനും ഉപകാരെ ടും
വിധ ിൽ പരി ിതിക ബ വും ഉ തനിലവാര ിലു ജീവിതവും ഈ
കൃഷിരീതി േ പാ ാഹി ി ു "
ു....
• എെ േപര് ലിയ േലായിഡ് ഒ ാം വർഷ മലയാളം ബിരുദ വിദ ാർ ിനിയാണ് .
മഹാ ാഗാ ി യൂണിേവഴ്സി ി ഡി ഗി വിദ ാർ ികളിൽ ൈജവ കൃഷിെയ
കുറി അവേബാധം സൃഷ്ടി ാൻ തുട ിയ േകാഴ്സ് ആണ് mooc organic
.
ഫാർമിങ് ഇതിെ ഭാഗമായി ഞാൻ ത ാറാ ിയ െ പാജക് ് റിേ ാർ ് ആണിത്.
,
റിേ ാർ ിൽ ഞാൻ െചയ്ത ൈജവ കൃഷി രീതികള ം വിളകൾ പരിപാലന രീതി , ,
ഭൂമി ത ാറാ ,
ൽ കീടനിയ ണ , ,
ൾ പരിപാലനം േരാഗ നിയ ണം ,
കൃഷിയുെട വിവിധ ഘ ൾ എ ിവയാണ് ഇതിൽ ഉൾെകാ ി ിരി ു ത് .
MOOC െ പാജക് ്
മാർ േരഖ
•Mooc യുെട െ പാജക്ട ് മാർ േരഖ ഇ പകാരമാണ്
•1. സംഘാടനം
•2. ഗുണേഭാ ാ ൾ
•3. െ പാജക് ് നട ാ ു ലം
•4. വിളകൾ
•5. കൃഷി ാലം
•6. കൃഷി ഉപകരണ ൾ
•7. വള ൾ
•8. വി ു നടീൽ വസ്തു ള ം
•9. പരിപാലനമുറകൾ
•10. പരിശീലന പരിപാടികൾ
•11. നിരീ ണ ള ം വിവരേശഖരണ ള ം
•12. േകാേളജ് തല വിലയിരു ൽ െസമിനാറുകൾ ൈജവകൃഷിയുെട പു ൻ അനുഭവ ൾ യുവാ ൾ ് മു ിൽ
•തുറ ുകാ ാൻ സഹായി ുകയാണ് ഓർഗാനിക് ഫാമിംഗ് എ ഈ പാട രീതി.

•. െമ ീരിയലുകള ം രീതികള ം

• വിളകൾ
• പ റി വിളകളായ : ചീര, െവ , തട പയർ, വഴുതന, പ മുളക്
• സുഗ വിളകളായ : ഇ ി, മ ൾ
• കിഴ ു വിളകളായ : േചന, മര ീനി

• ഞാൻ തിരെ ടു വിളകൾ

• പ റി വിളകൾ: ചീര, മുളക്, വഴുതന, ത ,

ാളി, കാേബജ് പയർ
• സുഗ വിളകൾ :മ ൾ, ഇ ി.
• കിഴ ു വിളകൾ : േച ്.
േകാേളജിെ യും
വിദ ാർ ിയുെടയും ലം

• േകാ യം ജി യിെല ച നാേ രി യിലാണ്

അസംഷൻ േകാേളജ് ിതി െച ത്.

• എറണാകുളം ജി യിെല കളമേ രി ആണ്

എെ സ േദശം.
ഞാൻ തിരെ ടു
വിളകൾ

• ഓർഗാനിക് ഫാമിംഗിന് േവ ി അര
െസ ൽ 9 വിവിധയിനം വിളകൾ ഞാൻ
െതരെ ടു ു.അവ ചീര, മുളക്, വഴുതന,
കാേബജ്, ത ാളി, മ ൾ, ഇ ി, പയർ,
േച ് എ ിവയാണ്. കൃഷിഭവനിൽ നി ്
ലഭി വി ുകളാണ് ഇതിനായി
തിരെ ടു ത്. ഇ ി,മ ൾ, െച ്
എ ിവ 4 cm വിസ്തീർ ിൽ ന .
മഴ ാലം ആയതിനാൽ ന ായി മഴ ലഭി .
അ രീ താപനില 26°C ആയിരു ു.
കാർഷിക ഉപകരണ ൾ,
ഉപേയാഗി വള ൾ

• കൃഷി ായി തൂ ാ,അരിവാൾ,

െവ െമാഴി ാൻ പാ തം,മ ് േകാരി, ച ി
എ ിവ ഉപേയാഗി

• വീ ിൽ തെ ഉ ായിരു പ റി
േവ ്,േകാഴി കാഷ്ടം,മു േ ാട്, മീൻ
െവ ം, എ ിവ ഉപേയാഗി .
• കീടനിയ ണ ിനായി പുകയില കഷായം,
േവ ിൻകുരു സ ്,കാ ാരിമുളക്
മി ശിതം, എ ിവ തളി .
നിലം ത ാറാ ൽ, ബാഗ്
നിറ ൽ, വി ് നടീൽ

•ഇ ിമ ൾ േചന േപാെലയു
വിളകൾ ് ചീമെ ാ വളമായി ഇ .
േകാഴി ാഷ്ഠം മു േ ാട്,എ ിവ
ഇടകലർ ി ത ാറാ ിയ മ ിൽ കുറ
കു ായം േചർ ് ഇള ി.ഇതിൽ പയറും
മുളകും ചീരയും ന . പയർ ന തിനുേശഷം
അതിനു െവ ം ഒഴി െകാടു ു.
ആഴ്ചയിൽ ഇവയ് ് ഉണ ിയ
േകാഴി ാഷ്ടം ഇ െകാടു ു. ഇ ി,പ
മുളക്,ത ാളി,വഴുതന,കാേബജ്,
തുട ിയവ ും ൈജവവള ളം
പ ിലകള ം ഇ െകാടു ു.
 അ ഗ നിയ ണം

• േവെ , ചാണകം എ ിവ കീട േളയും

േരാഗ ള ം നിയ ി ാൻ വിളകളിൽ
തളി . ഇവ ഉപേയാഗി തിലൂെട ഇലയിെല
േരാഗ ൾ ഒരു പരിധിവെര കുറയ് ുവാൻ
സാധി .പൂ ൽ, ഫംഗസ്, ഇലതീനി
പുഴു ൾ, കൂട്െക ി പുഴു ൾ,എ ിവ
നിയ ി ാൻ േവെ സഹായി .
 ജല നിയ ണം

• വിളകൾ ആഴ ിൽ േവരൂ ി വളരുക,

വിളകൾ െപാരു െ ടുക, മ ിെ
സംഭരണേശഷി വർ ി ി ുക, ജല ിെ
നുഴ ുകയ ം െമ െ ടു ുക,
ബാഷ്പീകരണം കുറയ് ുക, എ ീ
ല േ ാടുകൂടി മഴമറ സംവിധാന ൾ
ഉപേയാഗി .
മുള ത് - ശതമാനം (%)

വിളകൾ

പയർ 75% ന് മുകളിൽ

ചീര 70-75%
ഇ ി 90-94%
മുളക് 80-86%
മ ൾ 86% മുകളിൽ
ക ാേബജ് 70-80%
വഴുതന 70-80%
ത ാളി 80%
 വിളെവടു ്

• ഏ പിൽ 29 േനാടുകൂടിയാണ് ഞാൻ കൃഷി ആരംഭി ത്.

ഒരു മാസേ ാളം മാ തേമ എനി ് അതിെന
പരിചരി ാൻ സാധി ി . തീർ ും
അനുകൂലമായ പരിചരണ ൾ നൽകിെയ ിലും
െമയ് മാസ ിെല കഠിനമായ മഴ കൃഷിയുെട
നിലനിൽ ിെന ബാധി . െമയ് 14 15 തീയതികളിൽ
വ െവ െ ാ ിൽ െചടികൾ പാെട മു ി
േപാവുകയാണ് ഉ ായത്, ര ുമൂ ുദിവസം
െവ ിൽ മു ിയത് െകാ ് ചീര ത ാളി പയർ
എ ിവ ചീ ു േപായി. തുടർ ് ഞാൻ കൃഷി
പുനരാരംഭി അതിൽ വിളെവടു ് അടു ാറായി ി
വഴുതന, മുളക്, ക ാേബജ് എ ാം പിടി വരു ു.
പ മുളകിൽ നി ് മാ തേമ ന രീതിയിൽ
വിളെവടു ാൻ സാധി .
ആദ ഘ ം
 ഉപസംഹാരം
• യുവതലമുറെയ കൃഷിെയ ുറി ്
േബാധവാ ാരാ ുവാൻ േവ ി MOOC
മുേ ാ െവ ഓർഗാനിക് ഫാർമിങ് എ
ആശയം വളെര കാലിക പസ ി
ആർജി ു ഒ ാണ്.കൃഷിയുെട
മാഹാ െ കുറി ് മനസിലാ ുവാൻ
ഈ പാട പ തി വഴി എനി ് സാധി .
ഇതിനായി എെ പാപ്തയാ ിയ െജസീന
സി ർന് ഞാൻ ന ി അറിയി ു ു,
കൂടാെത എെ പി ുണ എെ
മാതാപിതാ െളയും ഞാൻ
സ്േനഹേ ാെട ഓർ ു ു.
• എ ാവർ ും ന ി നമസ്കാരം