1- Elephantine: it is the 1st cataract,, 1st dynasty onwards settlements and
temples where it was still occupied by people before beginning of old
kingdom , temples of goddess satet and god Khnum and tombs in west bank
cliffs at Qubbet El Hawa, 1st place where they saw the flood rising
2- Abu simbel, many imp temples exist in the caves and are rock-cut into the
mountainside, it was built in the new kingdom by Ramses ii. it was moved
into a higher location when lake Nasser flooded , has Temple for Ramses the
2nd and his wife
3- Semna and kumna: 2 forts on either side of the 2nd cataract, during the
middle kingdom, it was built on either side cz it will be easy to monitor the
events in this area, the mid-river gap for boats is just 400m wide
4- Abydos: early dynastic tombs and settlements , it was considered as a
pilgrimage site during middle kingdom and during the new kingdom temples
of ramses and seti I, kings and pharaohs were buried at Abydos during
dynasty 0 , this site has artificats refering to king ka which was a pharaoh,
5- Amarna: its in middle Egypt, during Akhenaten’s reign in new kingdom and
hashis temple. When he died it remained intact and abandoned. It was only
occupied for 30 years. Its notable since its architecture focused in realism
and human figures, such as art for Akhenaten’s family.
6- Farafra oasis : predynastic period, characterized by desert feauture , yet it
was subjected to heavy rain that attracted many ancient Egyptians to live and
grow plants. It had a symbol of fertility.
7- Fayum: since prehistoric period . Ppl lived temporarly/seasonally depending
on rains and size of lake. It was established in the old kingdom. It has the
earliest evidence for agriculture in Egypt and was the center of royal
pyramid and tomb building in middle kingdom . It was known for its
papyrus production.
8- Giza. Giza became a royal burial place during old kingdom 4th dynasty. It
has 3 pyramids which were constructed in the old kingdom the largest is that
of khufus. It also has the great sphimx, colossal limestone statue with the
body of a lion and head of a human.
9- Hierakonpolis: has pre and early dynastic settlement sites, it is considered as
a key element for the development of Egyptian culture and has archeological
remains of early beer making facilities. its also considered as a cult center
for god Horus, and had the Narmer palette and the scorpion macehead
10- Lahun/ kahun : built during the middle kingdom and has middle
kingdom pyramids which are mudbrick pyramids , papyrus archives are
found there which gave information about administration of the town and
life in this town.
11- Luxor: royal residence and capital of Egypt during new kingdom.
Royal and private tombs in west during new kingdom and east had temples
for gods. All tombs are cut in the cliff such as Luxor temple, Karnak temple,
and Deir El Madina village is there
12- Merimda Beni Salama: predynastic period imp site in delta to
understand the transition from prehistoric to Egyptian culture phase, a clear
transition from scattered huts and dense villages to modern architecture and
floor mud-walls. They got into ceramics and metal and stone working
13- Mit rihna: predynastic period, naqada2, primary capital of Egypt
during Old Kingdom, very few remains left, earlier remains were wiped out
by river, Greek colossal statue of ramses ii found, it was the first capital for
the unified kingdom of upper n lower Egypt.
14- Tell El farkha : occupied mainly in predynastic naqada1 , during
Nakada 2 brewing sites were found, was excavated by polish archeologists ,
tombs are filled with ceramic and pottery jars and the pots had ivory
figurines of people and animals.
