In Sunny

Spain
(1882-1885)
“My country, my love, my
people, I leave you now,
you disappear, I lose sight
of you.” -- Jose Rizal
D ec is i on
t o g o t o
Sp a i n
Ø After finishing the fourth
year of his medical course,
Rizal decided to go to study
in Spain.
Ø His elder brother readily
approved his going to Spain
and so did his two sisters
Saturnina (Neneng) and
Lucia.
Ø Rizal, however, did not
seek his parents’ permission
and blessings to go abroad,
Se cr e t
M is s i o n
Ø To observe keenly
the following:
life and culture
languages and
customs
industries and
commerce
Depar t u r e
for S pa i n
Ø Rizal’s departure was kept
secret to avoid detection by the
Spanish authorities and the
friars
Ø The kind Jesuit priests gave
him letters of recommendations
to members of their Society in
Barcelona.
Ø Rizal departed on May 3, 1882
boarded the Salvadora with the
following route: Manila –
Ø Only Uncle Antonio Rivera,
Paciano, and his sisters, and
some close friends knew of his
departure.
Ø Paciano gave him P700,
Saturnina gave him a diamond
ring
Ø An allowance of P35 per
month was promised by
Paciano through Uncle Antonio
Si ng ap o re
Ø During his voyage he observed the
people and things around him and
compared them with those in the
Philippines.
Ø He was the only Filipino on board.
Ø Rizal saw Singapore and was
impressed by its progress and
beautiful sights
Ø He admired the confidence of the
natives of Singapore with their
government
Ø Rizal stayed at Hotel de Paz for his
Fi r s t t r i p
t o S u e z
Ca na l
Ø Djemnah was larger and cleaner than
the Salvadora
Ø He tried to speak french
Ø After a week he reached Point de Galle,
that afternoon they sailed and docked at
Colombo Ceylon
Ø The steamer crossed the Indian Ocean
to Cafe Guardafui in Africa. The trip was
difficult because of a stormy weather.
Rizal was sea sick
Ø On June 2 he arrived at the terminal of
Suez Canal, enjoyed and was thrilled by
Na p l e s a n d
Ma r s e i l le s
Ø Djemnah proceeded to Europe.
June 11, Rizal reached Naples.
Ø This Italian City pleased him
because of its business activity, its
lively people, and its panoramic
beauty
Ø Night of June 12, the steamer
docked at the French harbor of
Marsielles
Ø He visited the Chateau d’If, where
Dantes, the hero in The Count of
Monte Cristo was imprisoned.
Ø He stayed three days in Marseilles,
Barce lo na
Ø At Marseilles, Rizal took the
train to Barcelona
Ø Rizal reached his destination –
Barcelona on June 16, 1882.
Ø Rizal found Barcelona to be a
great city. With an atmoshpere of
freedom and liberalism, and its
people were open-hearted,
hospitable and courageous.
Ø The Filipinos in Barcelona, some
of whom were his schoolmates in
Ateneo, welcomed Rizal. They
threw a party for Rizal at their
favorite café in Plaza de Cataluna.
Ø In Barcelona, Rizal wrote a
nationalistic essay entitled “Amor
Patrio” (Love of Country).
Ø He wrote this essay on the
request of his friend, Basilio
Teodoro Moran, publisher of the
first bilingual newspaper in
Manila, the Diariong Tagalog on
August 20, 1882. (Spanish and
Tagalog)
Ø He wrote this essay using the pen
name Laong Laan.
Lo s V i a j e s a n d
Revis i ta d e
M a d r i d
Ø The Editor of Diarong
Tagalog, Francisco Calvo,
conratulated Rizal for the
article and requested him for
more article.
Ø In response to his request, he
wrote his second article Los
Viajes (Travels)
Ø His third ariticle was Revisita
de Madrid (Review of Madrid).
Unfortunately, it was returned
to him because the Diarong
 Rizal
Mov es to
Ma d r id
•Ø Rizal received a sad news about
the cholera that was ravaging
Manila and the provinces.
•Ø On a letter he received from
Paciano dated September 15, 1882,
the Calamba folks were having
afternoon novenas and nocturnal
procession, praying to God to stop
the dreadful epidemic
•Ø Another sad news he received
was from Chengoy (Jose M. Cecilio)
telling how Leonor Rivera was
getting thinner because of the
Ø Upon Paciano’s advise, Rizal left
Barcelona in the fall of 1882 and
established himself in Madrid, the
capital of Spain.
Ø At Madrid he enrolled at the
Universidad Central de Madrid (Central
University of Madrid) on November 3,
1882
Ø There he took two courses: Medicine
and Philosophy and Letters.
Ø Aside from his studies, Rizal also
took painting and sculpture at the
Academy of Fine Arts of San Carlos
Ø Rizal also took private lessons in
Co n s u e lo
Orti g a y
P e r e z
Ø During Rizal’s stay in Madrid,
he would frequently visit the
home of Don Pablo Ortiga y Rey
who lived with his son Rafael and
daughter Consuelo.
Ø Don Pablo was a former city
mayor of Manila during the
administration of the liberal
governor general Carlos Ma. De la
Torre.
Ø Rizal was attracted by
Consuelo’s beauty and vivacity. As
he made a poem entitled A La
Ø Rizal, however, backed
out from his romance
with Consuelo because
(1) he was still engaged
with Leonor Rivera and
(2) his friend and
co-worker in the
Propaganda Movement,
Eduardo de Lete was
 Cir c u lo
His p a n o - F i
l ip i no
•of liberal
Spaniards and
Filipinos.
Ø As a member of
this society Rizal
wrote a poem
entitled “Me Piden
Ø Freemasonry or the Masons, were a
secret society composed of liberal and
republican Spaniards in Spain. Amongst
them were prominent and intellectual
Spaniards.
Ø The Spanish Masons openly and freely
criticized the government policies and
particularly lambasted the friars.
•Rizal joined the Masonic lodge called
Acacia in Madrid. His Masonic name was
Dimasalang
•Ø Later he transferred to Lodge
Solidaridad where he became a Master
Mason.
•Ø Rizal joined Freemasonry to secure
their aid in the fight against the Friars in
the Philippines.
 Ø Two reasons why he
became a Mason:
• The bad friars in the
Philippines unworthy of their
priestly habit or calling
• He needed the help of the
Masons to fight the bad friars
in the Philippines. (it was a
shield to use in his fight
against the evil forces of
Ø Because of drought
and locust the harvest of
rice and sugarcane
failed in Calamba.
Ø The manager of the
Dominican-owned
hacienda increased the
rentals of the lands
cultivated by the Rizal
Ø Due to this the monthly
allowances of Rizal in Madrid
were late in arrival and there
were times when they never
arrived.
Ø On June 24, 1884 because
Rizal was broke, he was unable
to eat his meals for the day.
Ø He attended his class in the
university with an empty
stomach.
Ø Rizal even participated in
a Greek language contest
and won the gold medal.
Ø Fortunately, in the
evening, Rizal was the guest
speaker at banquet held in
honor of Juan Luna and
Felix Resurreccion Hidalgo,
where Rizal was able to eat
dinner.
Salute to
Luna and
Hidalgo
Ø National Exposition
of Fine Arts in Madrid -
1884
Ø The Filipino
community in Spain
sponsored a banquet to
celebrate the double
victory of the Filipino
artist in the National
Ø Juan Luna, with his Spoliarium
won the first prize.
Ø Felix Resurreccion Hidalgo won
the second prize with his Christian
Virgins Exposed to the Populace
Ø Rizal in his speech, saluted
Luna and Hidalgo as two glories
for Spain and the Philippines,
whose artistic achievements
transcended geographical
frontiers and racial origins.
Ø In Rizal’s speech, he said genius
 Student
Demonstrations
Ø Nov. 20-22, 1884 the city of
Madrid exploded in bloody
riots by the students of
Unibersidad Central de
Madrid.
Ø Dr. Miguel Morayta,
professor of history, at the
opening ceremonies of the
academic year proclaimed
the “freedom of science and
the teacher.”
Ø Such liberal view was
condemned by the Catholic
bishops of Spain, and
Ø Angered by the bigotry
of the Catholic bishops,
the university students
rose in violent
demonstrations.
Ø Practically all students
in various colleges joined
the massive
demonstrations
Ø Many university professors
openly supported the student
rioters.
Ø Bloody fights raged in the
university buildings and in
the city streets. The students
armed with clubs, stones, and
fists, fought the government
forces.
Ø Fortunately, Rizal and other
Completion
of Studies
Ø The academic year
1884-1885 Rizal passed all
subjects leading to the
degree of Doctor of
Medicine.
Ø Rizal completed his
medical course in Spain.
He was awarded the
Degree of Licentiate in
Medicine by the
Ø The next
academic year
(1884-85) he studied
and passed all
subjects leading to
the Degree of Doctor
of Medicine.
However, he was not
awarded his Doctors
Diploma because he
Ø Rizal also finished
his studies in
Philosophy and
Letters and was
awarded the degree
on June 19, 1885, his
24th birthday.
Ø By obtaining a
degree in Philosophy
and Letters, Rizal
Ø He did not bother to
secure the
post-graduate degree
of Doctor of Medicine
because it was also
good only for teaching.
Ø Rizal knew, however,
that with his brown
color and Asian racial
ancestry no
friar-owned university
or college in the
Phili\ppines would