BALAYAN SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL

Caloocan, Balayan Batangas

Introduction

Background

As cited by Hashim Achummantakath, Leena Pramod, and M. Silpa (2019),

Medicinal plants have been utilized as a traditional source for treating numerous

ailments all throughout the world. Every component of the plant is utilized as a

source of raw materials for medicine, including the roots, stems, leaves, flowers,

seeds, rhizomes, and barks. An remarkable number of contemporary medications

have been extracted from natural sources based on their usage in traditional

medicine.

Diuresis is the process where the kidneys produce and expel more urine than

usual, which can be due to increased fluid intake, medications, or medical conditions

affecting the kidneys or other organs. It is a vital bodily function that eliminates

excess water and waste substances while regulating fluid and electrolyte levels.

Diuretics are medications that stimulate urine production and elimination, reducing

fluid retention in the body, and are used to treat conditions like hypertension, heart

failure, kidney disease, and swelling. Different types of diuretics are available that

target specific areas of the kidneys to regulate water and electrolyte excretion.

The Makahiya plant is a low-growing herbaceous plant that originates from

South and Central America, but is also present in numerous tropical and subtropical

areas around the globe. Due to its unique ability to fold its leaves inward when

touched, it is known by various names such as "sensitive plant," "touch-me-not," and

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 BALAYAN SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL
Caloocan, Balayan Batangas
Science Technology Engineering and Mathematics (STEM)

"shame plant." This plant has been used for its therapeutic properties in many parts

of the world, particularly in Ayurvedic and traditional Chinese medicine.

Makahiya, also known as Mimosa pudica, has long been used as a diuretic in

herbal therapy. Diuretics are medicines that stimulate urine output and can be used

to treat illnesses such as edema, high blood pressure, and kidney disease. Makahiya

leaves contain diuretic substances such as alkaloids, flavonoids, and tannins. These

chemicals may operate on the kidneys to promote the excretion of water and

electrolytes, lowering fluid retention in the body. The diuretic property of mimosa

pudica(makahiya) leaves refers to the ability of the leaves of the Mimosa pudica plant

to increase the production and elimination of urine, which helps to reduce fluid

buildup in the body. This property has been traditionally used for medicinal purposes,

particularly in Ayurvedic and traditional Chinese medicine, to treat conditions such as

edema (swelling caused by fluid buildup), high blood pressure, and kidney disease.

Some studies have also suggested that Mimosa pudica leaves contain compounds

that exhibit diuretic activity, although more research is needed to fully understand the

plant's potential health benefits and safety.

The diuretic property of Mimosa pudica, or Makahiya, is thought to be due to

the presence of specific substances in the plant, such as alkaloids, flavonoids, and

tannins. These chemicals have been discovered to have a variety of possible

pharmacological actions, including diuretic characteristics. Alkaloids, which are

nitrogen-containing chemicals present in many plants, have been demonstrated to

have diuretic effect by increasing the excretion of water and electrolytes in the urine.

Flavonoids, a class of naturally occurring plant chemicals with antioxidant

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Caloocan, Balayan Batangas
Science Technology Engineering and Mathematics (STEM)

characteristics, have also been shown in certain studies to have diuretic actions.

Tannins, a kind of polyphenol present in a variety of plant species, have been

demonstrated to enhance urine output by increasing urine production in the kidneys.

While the specific processes of Mimosa pudica's diuretic effects are not fully known,

it is thought that the combination of these and other substances in the plant may

contribute to its diuretic qualities.

The findings of this study will benefit these specific people. For community,

this study will benefit the community by providing a natural and safe way to manage

certain health conditions, potentially reducing the need for expensive medications

and improving the quality of life for members of the community. For people, this study

will benefit the people by promoting the elimination of excess fluids and supporting

kidney function. For the pharmaceutical field, this study will benefit the

pharmaceutical field by discovering a more efficient, sustainable and organic way to

treat their customer’s various conditions like edema, high blood pressure and kidney

stones. For Doctors, the result of the study will benefit the doctors by providing them

a wide scope of treatment in terms of diuretic treatments. For Researchers and

Future researchers, this study will benefit the researchers and future researchers

because this study could serve as a basis for further research on the

pharmacological and toxicological properties of Mimosa pudica, which could lead to a

better understanding of its safety profile and potential adverse effects.

This study's overarching goal is to assist the treatments of diuretics in order to

assist those who have an edema or swelling caused by excess fluid in the body, high

blood pressure, heart failure and kidney disease. The subjects of this study will be

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 BALAYAN SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL
Caloocan, Balayan Batangas
Science Technology Engineering and Mathematics (STEM)

those who have suffered edema, high blood pressure, heart failure, and kidney

disease.

Mimosa Pudica:

Mimosa pudica is a member of the Fabaceae or Leguminosae Family. It is a

huge and commercially significant family of flowering plants that is often known as

the legume, pea, or bean family (Mohammad et al., 2016). It thrives in the subtropics

and tropics, and is a prevalent plant in Nigeria's damp wasteland. Mimosa is a little

plant with branches that grow near to the ground (Asumpta et al., 2018).

As cited by Hashim Achummantakath, Leena Pramod, and M. Silpa (2019),

Mimosa pudica L. Mimosine (CB H 10 04 N2), a poisonous alkaloid, is found in trace

amounts. It's the same as leucinal. Mimosamine, mimosinic acid, and the inositol

derivative d-pinitol are also found in the plant's leaves. Adrenaline-like substances

have been discovered in leaf extracts, and the existence of Crocetin dimethyl ester in

plant extract has also been reported. The blooms include carbs, proteins, and lipids,

while the seeds contain mucilage, which is made up of D-xylose and d-glucuronic

acid. Geraniol, furnisal, linalool, and various aldehydes, including benzaldehyde and

anise aldehyde, are present in the essential oil. The early phytochemical analysis of

the leaf extract revealed the presence of flavonoids, terpenoids, alkaloids,

glycosides, quinines, phenols, saponins, coumarins, and tannins. It aids in the

treatment of gynecological diseases, skin healing, neurological disorders, diarrhea,

and bleeding piles by preventing bleeding and accelerating wound healing. All

components of the plant have been used to cure a variety of ailments. It may also be

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 BALAYAN SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL
Caloocan, Balayan Batangas
Science Technology Engineering and Mathematics (STEM)

useful in the treatment of baldness, depression, forgetfulness, irritability, mental

stress, jaundice, lethargy, asthma, insomnia, and premenstrual syndrome. (Akhtar et

al., 2022).

Mimosa pudica L. is a kind of mimosa. is a delicate, creeping, annual or

perennial plant that grows to a height of 45-90 cm. It has traditionally been used to

cure a variety of ailments such as diarrhea, tumors, sleeplessness, fever, fistula, and

piles. It is also useful in the treatment of migraine and is used as a birth control agent

among rural people (Achummantakath et al., 2019). The entire plant of Mimosa

pudica exhibits a variety of biological and pharmacological actions, and it has been

used in traditional medicine since ancient times to treat a wide range of ailments.

Herbal remedies can be utilized to enhance quality of life and patient compliance, as

well as to create novel medications. The main advantage of Mimosa pudica is that it

is easily available, economically feasible, and has a reservoir of substantial

therapeutic characteristics; so, this plant may be exploited for generating novel

medications in pharmaceutical enterprises (Achummantakath et al., 2019).

Diuretic:

Diuretics are often recommended drugs (Ellison 2019, as cited in Kehrenberg

& Bachmann, 2022). They are defined as medications that increase the rate of urine

flow by boosting the outflow of water and electrolytes by the kidneys (Aktories et al.

2017; Buckingham 2020, as cited in Kehrenberg & Bachmann, 2022).

The accumulation of fluid in bodily tissues is caused by the kidneys' failure to

eliminate salt and the water that goes with it. Diuretics are used to treat edema, heart

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 BALAYAN SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL
Caloocan, Balayan Batangas
Science Technology Engineering and Mathematics (STEM)

failure, and hypertension, according to conventional pharmacology textbooks

(Aktories et al. 2017; Buckingham 2020, as cited in Kehrenberg & Bachmann, 2022).

Diuretic Property of Mimosa Pudica, Dandelion, Horsetail, Holarrhena

Antidysenterica, Imperata cylindrica, and Acorus Calamus:

The study administered dandelion extract to the rats and measured urine

output and electrolyte excretion. The results showed that dandelion extract

significantly increased urine output and excretion of sodium, potassium, and chloride

ions, indicating a diuretic effect. The study also found that dandelion extract improved

lipid profile and kidney function in diabetic rats. These results suggest that dandelion

may have therapeutic benefits for diabetes and related complications. (Al-Naqeb et

al., 2016). According to Healthline (2017), Dandelion extract is a common herbal

product known to be a diuretic due to its high potassium level. A modest human trial

discovered diuretic effects, but additional research is needed. Dandelion (Taraxacum

officinale Weber) was investigated for diuretic activity. Extracts and purified fractions

obtained from autumn-collected roots were tested utilizing saline - loaded mice. No

extracts showed substantial increases in urine volume or salt output. Dandelion

leaves and roots obtained from several places in Ireland were also tested for total

ash and main mineral concentrations during an eight-month period (October-May).

There were no notable variations or noteworthy trends in any of the metrics. When

derived from the same plants, the average leaf ash was 14.50% w/w and the root ash

was 7.50% w/w; leaf ash was always twice the value of root ash. The mean leaf K+

content was 4.51% w/w, while the mean root K+ content was 2.45% w/w. The K+

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Caloocan, Balayan Batangas
Science Technology Engineering and Mathematics (STEM)

content of both the leaves and the roots was always one-third of the total ash

content. Mean Na+ concentrations for leaves were 0.49% w/w and roots 0.33% w/w;

whereas values for Ca2+ were 0.88% w/w for leaves and 0.33% w/w for roots. The

dandelion's high K+ concentration is thought to be the chemical responsible for any

diuretic action. (International Journal of Pharmacognosy)

According to Carneiro et al. (2014), EADE's (Field Horsetail) diuretic impact

was evaluated by measuring the participants' water balance over a 24-hour period.

The E. Arvense extract provided a diuretic effect that was greater than the negative

control and comparable to hydrochlorothiazide without creating substantial changes

in electrolyte clearance. There was no substantial increase in catabolite urine

elimination. Minor adverse effects were noted seldom. Clinical evaluations and

laboratory testing revealed no differences before or after the trial, indicating that the

medicine is safe for short-term usage. Further study is needed to better understand

the mechanism of diuretic activity as well as the other pharmacological properties of

this phytomedicine.

Holarrhena Antidysenterica is a tiny deciduous tree found in the Himalaya and

sub-Himalaya tracts that belongs to the Apocyanaceae family. It is popularly known

as bitter oleander and locally as Kurchi. Historically, H. Antidysentrica is used to treat

conditions such as colic, diarrhea, dysentery, and fever. It is also used as a

carminative, an astringent, a lithotripsic, a tonic, an aphrodisiac, a cardiac

suppressor, a diuretic, and antihypertensive. At a dosage of 10 mg/kg body weight,

hydrochlorothiazide was administered. was utilized as the benchmark. The diuretic

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Caloocan, Balayan Batangas
Science Technology Engineering and Mathematics (STEM)

effect of crude aqueous ethanolic extract was demonstrated by a dose-dependent

(30 and 100 mg/kg) increase in urine production. Also, crude extract raised urine Na+

and K+ contents, urine volume, pH value, and electrolytes level, indicating diuretic

effects. None of the fractions had the same diuretic impact as the parent crude

extract. Hexane extract had no diuretic impact, while Butanol extract had a minor

diuretic effect at 30 mg/kg, and Aqueous extract generated a considerable rise in

urine output only at 100 mg/kg, demonstrating that diuretic activity is distributed

across fractions in the order of increasing solvent polarity. According to the findings,

diuretic action in the H. antidysentrica may be mediated via its saluretic action, which

justifies its usage as a diuretic. (Snigdha et al., 2013)

According to Ghelani et al. (2016), Acorus calamus is a plant with a wide

variety of pharmacological properties that is often used as a traditional herbal

medicine. Ethanolic extract of Acorus calamus L. was tested for diuretic and

antiurolithiatic activity in this study. (Araceae) rhizome (EEAC). Three EEAC dosages

(250, 500, and 750 mg/kg) were examined for diuretic action, with urine volume and

electrolytes (Na+ and K+) concentrations used as assessment measures. In contrast,

ethylene glycol induced urolithiasis (0.75% v/v in drinking water for 28 days) was

employed to investigate the antiurolithiatic efficacy of EEAC at 750 mg/kg oral

dosage in male Wistar albino rats. In the current investigation, CYSTONE (750 mg/kg

p.o.) was employed as a standard reference medication. The level of several

urolithiatic promoters in biological samples (urine, serum, and kidney homogenate)

and renal function were employed as criteria for measuring the antiurolithiatic impact

of EEAC after the 28-day treatments were completed. The EEAC (750 mg/kg, p.o.)

increased urine volume (p 0.001) and urinary excretion of Na+ and K+ electrolytes (p

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 BALAYAN SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL
Caloocan, Balayan Batangas
Science Technology Engineering and Mathematics (STEM)

0.05) in a fashion similar to furosemide. In an ethylene glycol-induced urolithiatic

model, EEAC substantially (p 0.05) reduced excretion and deposition of several

urolithiatic promoters in a fashion similar to CYSTONE. EEAC supplementation also

protects against renal function impairment.

Diuretics are medications that stimulate urine production. This characteristic

is beneficial in a variety of pathological fluid overload circumstances. The currently

available diuretics have several side effects. Our research looked at the diuretic

effect of ethanolic root extract of Mimosa pudica as an alternative/new medication

that might cause diuresis. To test the diuretic efficacy of Mimosa pudica ethanolic

root extract in albino rats. Mimosa pudica ethanolic root extract (EEMP) was made

using Soxhlet's equipment. Albino rats were separated into five groups of six. Group I

(Control) was given 25ml/kg of distilled water orally. Furosemide 20mg/kg was

administered orally to Group II (Standard). Group III received 100 mg/kg EEMP,

Group IV received 200 mg/kg EEMP, and Group V received 400 mg/kg EEMP. Urine

samples were collected and measured for all groups up to 5 hours following

medication. Electrolytes (Na+, K+, and Cl-) were found in urine. Data was analyzed

using ANOVA, Dunnet's test, and p-values. At dosages of 100 and 200mg/kg, EEMP

displayed considerable diuretic efficacy by increasing urine volume and improving

sodium (Na+), potassium (K+), and chloride (Cl-) elimination. EEMP has substantial

diuretic action and can help with volume overload. (Kalabharathi HL et al., (2015)

Imperata cylindrica. The diuretic efficacy of ethanolic extract was determined

in albino rats by measuring urine volume and electrolyte content. The benchmark

was frusemide (10 mg/kg), while the control was normal saline (0.9%). As

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 BALAYAN SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL
Caloocan, Balayan Batangas
Science Technology Engineering and Mathematics (STEM)

experiments, ethanolic extracts of the medication (250 mg/kg and 500 mg/kg) were

utilized. In albino rats, ethanolic extract (500 mg/kg) significantly increased urine

volume as well as Na+, K+, and Clion concentrations. (Ancy P et al., 2013)

Diuretics are medications that stimulate urine production. This characteristic

is beneficial in a variety of pathological disorders involving fluid overload. The current

diuretics have several side effects. Our study looked at the diuretic effect of ethanolic

root extract of Mimosa pudica as an alternative/new medication that might cause

diuresis. To test the diuretic efficacy of an ethanolic root extract of Mimosa pudica in

albino rats. Using Soxhlet's equipment, an ethanolic root extract of Mimosa pudica

(EEMP) was produced. Five groups of six albino rats were formed. Group-I (Control)

was given 25ml/kg of distilled water orally. Furosemide 20mg/kg was given orally to

Group II (Standard). Group III got 100 mg/kg EEMP, Group IV 200 mg/kg EEMP, and

Group V 400 mg/kg EEMP. Urine samples were collected and measured for all

groups up to 5 hours following medication. Electrolytes (Na+, K+, and Cl-) were

found in urine. Data was analyzed using ANOVA, Dunnet's test, and p-values. At

dosages of 100 and 200mg/kg, EEMP displayed considerable diuretic efficacy by

increasing urine volume and improving sodium (Na+), potassium (K+), and chloride

(Cl-) elimination. (Kalabharathi HL et al., 2015)

According to Carneiro et al. (2014), EADE's (Field Horsetail) diuretic impact

was evaluated by measuring the participants' water balance over a 24-hour period.

The E. Arvense extract provided a diuretic effect that was greater than the negative

control and comparable to hydrochlorothiazide without creating substantial changes

in electrolyte clearance. There was no substantial increase in catabolite urine

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 BALAYAN SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL
Caloocan, Balayan Batangas
Science Technology Engineering and Mathematics (STEM)

elimination. Minor adverse effects were noted seldom. Clinical evaluations and

laboratory testing revealed no differences before or after the trial, indicating that the

medicine is safe for short-term usage. Further study is needed to better understand

the mechanism of diuretic activity as well as the other pharmacological properties of

this phytomedicine.

Synthesis:

Diuretics are medications that stimulate urine production. This characteristic

is beneficial in a variety of pathological fluid overload circumstances. The currently

available diuretics have several side effects. Our research looked at the diuretic

effect of ethanolic root extract of Mimosa pudica as an alternative/new medication

that might cause diuresis. To test the diuretic efficacy of Mimosa pudica ethanolic

root extract in albino rats. Mimosa pudica ethanolic root extract (EEMP) was made

using Soxhlet's equipment. Albino rats were separated into five groups of six. Group I

(Control) was given 25ml/kg of distilled water orally. Furosemide 20mg/kg was

administered orally to Group II (Standard). Group III received 100 mg/kg EEMP,

Group IV received 200 mg/kg EEMP, and Group V received 400 mg/kg EEMP. Urine

samples were collected and measured for all groups up to 5 hours following

medication. Electrolytes (Na+, K+, and Cl-) were found in urine. Data was analyzed

using ANOVA, Dunnet's test, and p-values. At dosages of 100 and 200mg/kg, EEMP

displayed considerable diuretic efficacy by increasing urine volume and improving

sodium (Na+), potassium (K+), and chloride (Cl-) elimination. EEMP has substantial

diuretic action and can help with volume overload. (Kalabharathi HL et al., (2015)

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 BALAYAN SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL
Caloocan, Balayan Batangas
Science Technology Engineering and Mathematics (STEM)

According to Carneiro et al. (2014), EADE's (Field Horsetail) diuretic impact

was evaluated by measuring the participants' water balance over a 24-hour period.

The E. Arvense extract provided a diuretic effect that was greater than the negative

control and comparable to hydrochlorothiazide without creating substantial changes

in electrolyte clearance. There was no substantial increase in catabolite urine

elimination. Minor adverse effects were noted seldom. Clinical evaluations and

laboratory testing revealed no differences before or after the trial, indicating that the

medicine is safe for short-term usage. Further study is needed to better understand

the mechanism of diuretic activity as well as the other pharmacological properties of

this phytomedicine.

Definition of Terms:

Capsule-filling Machine- a mechanical device used in the pharmaceutical business

to load the powdered active ingredient of pharmaceutical manufacturers into empty

capsules. In this study, capsule-filling machine is use to fill all the gelatin capsule with

the specific amount of powdered mimosa pudica (makahiya) leaves.

Diuretic- Any chemical that induces diuresis, or increased urine output. An important

tool in experimental research for investigating the effects of fluid balance on various

physiological processes and for the treatment of certain medical conditions. In this

study, diuretic is the outcome of the researcher’s experiment.

Gelatin Capsules- As a binder or coating for tablets, it provides a lower-cost

alternative to capsules. Tablets can also be notched for dosage splitting, and there is

no risk of crosslinking. In this study, gelatin capsules is one of the essential material

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 BALAYAN SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL
Caloocan, Balayan Batangas
Science Technology Engineering and Mathematics (STEM)

that the researchers will use because this is where we will put the powdered

chemical/material.

Mimosa Pudica (Makahiya) Leaves- It is widely known as the "sensitive plant" or

"touch-me-not" because to its peculiar sensitivity to touch, in which its leaves fold and

droop in response to physical stimuli such as contact or vibration. It may have

several beneficial effects and could be a promising source of natural medicines. In

this study, mimosa pudica (makahiya) leaves is the most essential material that the

researchers will use because this is the plant that will be examined to see whether it

can truly remove excess fluid from the body and to evaluate their potential as a

natural diuretic agent and to identify specific bioactive compounds that may have

diuretic effects.

Water/solvent- a clear, colorless, odorless, and tasteless liquid that is essential for

all known forms of life. In this study, water plays an important role in the production of

diuretics as a solvent that dissolves the active ingredients of the medication.

White Mice- a strain of laboratory mice that are bred specifically for research

purposes. In this study, white mice is use as a tester to know if the diuretic that the

researchers made is effective.

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Caloocan, Balayan Batangas
Science Technology Engineering and Mathematics (STEM)

Research Question/ Objectives:

This study aims to assess the effectiveness of Diuretic Property of Mimosa Pudica

(Makahiya) Leaves in their treatment. Specifically, it seeks to answer the following

questions:

1. What are the composition/components of Mimosa Pudica leaves (Makahiya)?

2. What are the process in making diuretics from the property of mimosa pudica

leaves?

3. What are the test involved?

4. How effective the diuretic property of mimosa pudica leaves in white mice?

Alternative Hypothesis- The Diuretic property of mimosa pudica (makahiya) leaves

including its ingredients/materials such as mimosa pudica (makahiya) leaves, gelatin

capsules, and solvents has a significant relationship on the excretion of water and

electrolytes, lowering fluid retention in the body.

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Caloocan, Balayan Batangas
Science Technology Engineering and Mathematics (STEM)

METHODOLOGY

Materials/Apparatus:

This chapter will provide the list of materials, procedures, and apparatus that will be

needed to perform this study. In this chapter the researchers will explain thoroughly

the use of the equipment.

The researchers will use the following materials/apparatus:

- Mimosa Pudica (makahiya) leaves

- Gelatin Capsules

- Solvents such as water or alcohol for extracting the active compounds from the

leaves

- Capsule-filling machine, which is used to fill the capsule shells with the

extracted herbal material

- Equipment for drying and grinding the herbal material

- Quality control equipment and testing materials.

Apparatus

- Blender

- Oven

- Bowls

Protective equipment

- Lab gown

- Gloves

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Caloocan, Balayan Batangas
Science Technology Engineering and Mathematics (STEM)

- Hairnet

2.1 Gathering of Materials:

The researchers will gather the main material/apparatus, which is the mimosa

pudica(makahiya) leaves in Balayan, Batangas.

Other materials such as gelatin capsules, capsule filling machine and testing

materials will be gathered thru online and drugstore because of their limited

availability in the area.

2.2 Procedure:

a. First is Harvesting: First, the researchers need to gather fresh or dried

Mimosa pudica leaves. Ensure that the researchers collecting the leaves from

a reputable source, free from pesticides or contaminants.

Figure 1.

b. Drying: If you've collected fresh leaves, you'll need to dry them thoroughly to

remove any moisture. Spread the leaves in a single layer on a clean, dry

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 BALAYAN SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL
Caloocan, Balayan Batangas
Science Technology Engineering and Mathematics (STEM)

surface, such as a tray or a mesh screen. Place them in a well-ventilated area

away from direct sunlight. Allow the leaves to dry completely, which usually

takes around 1 to 2 weeks. You can also use a dehydrator or an oven set to a

low temperature for faster drying.

Figure 2.

c. Grinding: Once the leaves are dry, grind them into a fine powder using a

mortar and pestle or an electric grinder. Ensure that the powder is consistent

and free of any larger particles or chunks.

Figure 3.

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Caloocan, Balayan Batangas
Science Technology Engineering and Mathematics (STEM)

d. Capsule filling: Purchase empty gelatin or vegetarian capsules from a

reputable supplier. These are usually available in different sizes, so choose

the size that suits your needs. Open the capsules and fill them with the

powdered Mimosa pudica. You can use a capsule filling machine or do it

manually with a capsule-filling device or small spoon. Make sure to tamp

down the powder gently to fill the capsules uniformly.

e. Closing the capsules: Once the capsules are filled, close them tightly

according to the instructions provided with the capsules. This step ensures

that the powder remains securely enclosed within the capsules.

Figure 4.

2.3 Experiment

The mimosa pudica diuretic capsule was given to the mice. The mice were split

into two groups which are the test group and the control group, each group has 2

members. Animals in group 1 were left untreated and served as the control, while

those in group 2 were given the capsule and served as the test subject. The

capsule was given to the test subject once per day from the start of the treatment

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Caloocan, Balayan Batangas
Science Technology Engineering and Mathematics (STEM)

until the end of the treatment. The control subject continued to be treated in the

old container while the test subject was moved into the new container. On days 1,

2, and 3, urine was monitored to determine how often or how much each group

urinated.

Group Total Number of Rats Treatment

I (Control) 2 Distilled water

II (Test Subjects) 2 10 doses of Mimosa

Pudica Diuretic Capsule

Table 1. Group for Observation Process

The diuretic activity was observed using the observation process. Based on the

experiment, it shows that the diuretic capsule that the diuretic capsule can

accelerate the release of excess fluid from the body compared to the natural

urination of the mice.

Results and Discussion:

By using the observational method, the test subject or the two mice were

evaluated. The mimosa pudica diuretic pill was given to the two subjects to cause

the mice's extra fluid to be expelled. Since they acted as the control group, the

other two mice were not tested. To replicate the experiment, the researchers

used two mice for the experiment and two mice for the control group, for a total of

four mice. When the diuretic pill was given to the mice, it was noticed that after a

short while, the mice that had received the medication started to nimble when it

was released. The two mice or the two test subjects received the Mimosa Pudica

Diuretic Capsule, while the other two mice served as the control group. As soon

as the capsule was given to the test subjects, they urinated three times while the

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Caloocan, Balayan Batangas
Science Technology Engineering and Mathematics (STEM)

control mice only urinated once after 10 to 15 minutes. To make sure the mice

had enough medication for the urination, the capsule was given to them once a

day.

Time Period Number of Urination

Day 1 8

Day 2 6

Day 3 5

Table 2. Urination of Test Subject

Time Period Number of Urination

Day 1 5

Day 2 4

Day 3 5

Table 3. Urination of Control Subject

The testing procedure on the test subjects was continued until the mice's

production of urine began to decrease. According to the current study, the only

factor that was observed was urination, not any internal or physical

characteristics of the test individuals. Over the course of the three days the

experiment was conducted, both the first and second mice's behavior returned

to normal. Based on the observation, it was found that the 2 controlled mice still

urinated infrequently.

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Caloocan, Balayan Batangas
Science Technology Engineering and Mathematics (STEM)

Conclusion:

The leaves of Mimosa pudica (Makahiya) contain a variety of chemical

compounds, including alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, glycosides, phenols, saponins,

coumarins, and terpenoids, which have been identified through phytochemical

analysis. These compounds contribute to the plant's therapeutic properties and may

have potential medicinal value. The leaves also have a high potassium content, which

could play a role in their diuretic effect. The process of making diuretic capsules from

the leaves involves harvesting, drying, grinding, filling, and closing the capsules. To

evaluate the diuretic property of Mimosa pudica leaves, tests can be conducted using

animal models, such as white mice, to measure urine output and analyze electrolyte

levels. These tests have shown that the diuretic property of the leaves promotes

increased urination and the release of excess fluid from the body.

Recommendation:

To improve the diuretic property of mimosa pudica leaves, the following

recommendations will be considered:

1. Make sure to know the components and composition of the mimosa pudica leaves

and what are its uses.

2. Consider the materials and equipment also the raw materials to be use, because it

could affect the effectiveness of the diuretic property of mimosa pudica leaves.

3. Use a smaller capsule so it will be easily ingested by the test subject.

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Science Technology Engineering and Mathematics (STEM)

Bibliography:

Mimosa pudica L. – A Sensitive Plant: A Review - Researchgate. (n.d.). Retrieved

April 14, 2023, from https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Hashim-

Achummantakath/publication/356759099_Mimosa_pudica_L_-

A_sensitive_plant_A_review/links/61aa585350e22929cd4354b7/Mimosa-

pudica-L-A-sensitive-plant-A-review.pdf

SNA;, M. G. H. M. A. J. I. B. (n.d.). Mimosa pudica L., a high-value medicinal plant

as a source of bioactives for pharmaceuticals. Comprehensive reviews in food

science and food safety. Retrieved April 14, 2023, from

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33371596/

Liu, C.-xiao. (2018). Scientific understanding of toxicity and safety of Chinese

medicines. Chinese Herbal Medicines, 10(2), 107.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chmed.2018.04.001

West, H. (2017, September 2). The 8 best natural diuretics to eat or drink. Healthline.

Retrieved April 14, 2023, from https://www.healthline.com/nutrition/best-

diuretic-foods-drinks

Carneiro DM;Freire RC;Honório TC;Zoghaib I;Cardoso FF;Tresvenzol LM;de Paula

JR;Sousa AL;Jardim PC;da Cunha LC; (n.d.). Randomized, double-blind

clinical trial to assess the acute diuretic effect of equisetum arvense (field

horsetail) in healthy volunteers. Evidence-based complementary and

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 BALAYAN SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL
Caloocan, Balayan Batangas
Science Technology Engineering and Mathematics (STEM)

alternative medicine : eCAM. Retrieved April 14, 2023, from

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24723963/

Review article an overview on herbal medicines as diuretics with ... (n.d.). Retrieved

April 14, 2023, from https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Satish-Sharma-

7/publication/367509897_Review_Article_An_Overview_on_Herbal_Medicines

_as_Diuretics_with_Scientific_Evidence/links/63d5472bc465a873a266fa94/Re

view-Article-An-Overview-on-Herbal-Medicines-as-Diuretics-with-Scientific-

Evidence.pdf

Diuretic activity of the roots of Flacourtia indica - researchgate. (n.d.). Retrieved April

14, 2023, from

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/281493385_Diuretic_activity_of_the_r

oots_of_Flacourtia_indica

WebMD. (n.d.). Diuretics (water pills): Types, side effects, risks. WebMD. Retrieved

April 14, 2023, from https://www.webmd.com/hypertension-high-blood-

pressure/guide/diuretic-treatment-high-blood-pressure

Hl K;Sl S;Ps V;Vh P;Am S;Sibgatullah M; (n.d.). Diuretic activity of ethanolic root

extract of mimosa pudica in Albino Rats. Journal of clinical and diagnostic

research : JCDR. Retrieved April 14, 2023, from

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26870704/

Diuretic and antiurolithiatic activities of an ethanolic extract of ... (n.d.). Retrieved

April 14, 2023, from

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/291554089_Diuretic_and_antiurolithi

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 BALAYAN SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL
Caloocan, Balayan Batangas
Science Technology Engineering and Mathematics (STEM)

atic_activities_of_an_ethanolic_extract_of_Acorus_calamus_L_rhizome_in_ex

perimental_animal_models

Ajmera, R. (2023, February 1). Dandelion: Health benefits and side effects.

Healthline. Retrieved April 14, 2023, from

https://www.healthline.com/nutrition/dandelion-benefits

HS;, K. M. C. A. B. (n.d.). Diuretics: A contemporary pharmacological

classification? Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology. Retrieved

April 14, 2023, from https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35294605/

Admin. (2021, June 9). Importance of capsule filling machine in Pharma Industries.

INOS. Retrieved April 14, 2023, from https://inos.in/importance-of-capsule-

filling-machine-in-pharma-industries/

Leiner, P.B. (2020). Benefits of Gelatin in Pharmaceutical Applications. PB Leiner

Insights. Retrieved from https://www.pbleiner.com/en/insights-news/insights-

blog/benefits-gelatin-pharmaceutical-applications.

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Caloocan, Balayan Batangas
Science Technology Engineering and Mathematics (STEM)

APPENDICES

Appendices A

PICTURES

i.

FigureI. Gathering of raw materials

Figure II. washing the raw materials Figure III. Drying the Raw Materials using oven

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Science Technology Engineering and Mathematics (STEM)

Figure 4. Grinding the Mimosa Pudica Leaves

Figure 5. Putting the powdered leaves in the empty capsule.

Figure 6. Testing of the diuretic capsule in the white mice.

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Science Technology Engineering and Mathematics (STEM)

ii. APPARATUS

Figure 6. Blender

Figure 7. Oven

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Science Technology Engineering and Mathematics (STEM)

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