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Amenities
hygienic food preparation, cleanliness of destinations, safe drinking water, and
availability of health services has a positive correlation with tourist satisfaction
Jeyamugan, (2018).
Attractions
attractions that draw visitors include a nice climate, a historic atmosphere, being in
harmony with nature, historical sites, archeological sites, and monuments, as well as
natural characteristics and a convenient location. Jeyamugan, (2018).
Accessibility
attractions that draw visitors include a nice climate, a historic atmosphere, being in
harmony with nature, historical sites, archeological sites, and monuments, as well as
natural characteristics and a convenient location. Jeyamugan (2018).
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Attraction
An attraction refers to a place or anything that appeals to tourists to visit any
destination (Suanmali, 2014). Tourist attractions include natural attractions, cultural
attractions, and recreation and activities. Lascu et al. (2018) described attractions as the
determinant of the destination image that affects tourist satisfaction. These attractions
include natural attractions such as scenic mountain and valleys, scenery and natural
attractions, gardens and springs, scenic drive, parks, lakes, rivers, wildlife, caves, and
underground formations. Another form of attraction is entertainment and events, which
include shows, exhibitions, cultural events and festivals, western musicals and nightlife
and entertainment; as well as historic attractions such as history, heritage, and vintage
buildings s (Rajesh, 2014).
Tourist attractions are found to be the core determinants of attractiveness and tourism
would not exist without it (Haneef et al., 2019). Tourist attractions are regarded as an
essential weapon and competitive advantage for any tourist destination (Nahar et al.,
2015). In addition, Manhas et al. (2016) also stated that tourist attractions contribute to
the development of the tourist destination as well as have beneficial effects on the
overall economic development of any country. Attractions are also important attributes
of tourism and hospitality (Handayani, 2016).
Kirom and Putra (2018) developed a research model showing the effects of tourism
attractions on tourist satisfaction. Their study showed that cultural attractions,
promotion, uniqueness, hospitality, and cost for creating a tourist attraction were
considered for measuring their level of satisfaction (Kirom and Putra, 2018). Similarly,
Hassan and Shahnewaz (2014) added that attractions and relaxation facilities are
important factors for identifying tourist satisfaction. Apart from these, the study findings
of Philemon (2015) over-emphasized the tourist attractions for assessing the tourists'
perception and satisfaction.
Castro et al. (2017) explained that boosting the attractions and tourism activities
generates comparative and competitive advantages to promote market opportunities
and impel the tourist with unique experiences.
Tourist satisfaction
According to Ghanbri et al. (2019), satisfaction can be defined as an evaluation of the
surprise inherent from a product acquisition as well as consumption experience. Briefly,
satisfaction means the psychological state of an individual resulting when the emotions
surrounding the expectations are related to the consumers’ prior feelings about the
consumption experience (Hermawan et al., 2019; Tilaki et al., 2017). Similarly, tourist
satisfaction can be defined that it is the state of psychological preferences and pleasure
towards tourism products. Tourism products consist of six components that include
attractions (natural, man-made, artificial, purpose-built, heritage, special events),
accessibility (entire transportation system comprising routes, terminals, and vehicles),
amenities (accommodation and catering facilities, retailing, other tourists service),
activities (all activities available at the destination and what consumers will do during
their visits), ancillary services (services used by tourists such as banks,
telecommunication, post, newsagent, hospital) and available packages (prearranged
packages by intermediaries and principals) (Mohamad et al., 2012; Eichhorn and
Buhalis, 2017).
Moreover, Jeong and Kim, (2019); Chi and Qu, (2008); Lu et al. (2020) showed the
relationship among destination image, tourist attributes and overall satisfaction through
examining the theoretica l and empirical evidence and focused tourist attributes
consisting of travel environment, natural attractions, environment and events, historic
attractions, infrastructure, accessibility, relaxation, outdoor activities, price, and value
The study of Suanmali (2014) further explained the component of the tourism products
consisting of attractions, accessibility, environment, and hospitality that a re used as
indicators for measuring tourists’ satisfaction
Therefore, tourist attractions are required for making destination attractiveness so that
many tourists can be attracted (Nadalipour et al., 2019).
Accessibility
Accessibility is defined as the ability to provide tourists' access to a tourist destination
including traveling throughout the destination (Suanmali, 2014). But accessibility does
not mean only the transport part, also includes access to the tourists’ needed
information. Thus, Eichhorn and Buhalis (2017) defined accessibility involving
transportation along with all the needed information for tourists. Ghose and Johann
(2018) defined the concept of accessibility as easy-to-reach desired goods, services,
activities, and destinations by the availability, affordability, and convenience of transport
facilities, information, or geographic distribution of activities a nd destinations.
Handayani (2016) illustrated accessibility as tourism and hospitality attributes. On the
other side, Rajesh (2013) explained accessibility as the attributes of the destination
image that affects tourist satisfaction. The development of the conceptual framework
indicated that tourists’ satisfaction is directly affected by accessibility.
Castro et al. (2017) highlighted tourist accessibility as the most important requirement
when tourists plan their trip. Because tourists' needed information allows them to know
about safe activities and sites. Furthermore, when they already make plans their trip
with truthful and timely information, they become prepared to approach the destination
learning about entertainment, leisure activities, restaurants, and hotels. Hence, the
study findings of Castro et al. (2017) found that accessibility is an important indicator
identified as fundamental for the measurement of tourist satisfaction. Similarly, Ngoc
and Trinh (2015) hypothesized that accessibility affects tourist satisfaction.
In addition, Seyidov and Adomaitienė (2016) claimed accessibility as the attribute of a
tourism destination. The study explained that certain attributes consisting of attractions,
amenities, accessibility, image, price, and human resources make tourism destination
appropriate and available for tourists.
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