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88 views18 pagesTenses (Communication Skills)
Uploaded by
Osaid AhmadCopyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
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/ 18
S oo
“Reser Indefinile lense /Reaonl Simple
=
Sentence Structure
* Sentence can be ¢f three types
—> Affirmative /Rsttive —+ Negative
; —> Inferrogative
- 2 Talking abort structure of tenses ,concetned
Parts oP speech are subjective Na and verb.
X Ast form VY verb is vsed the preseni Simple tense,
Suirmative / Positive Senences
& eseyt \ndetitile tense d? this \ype con be cosy
indicated by is fom as
Subject +i + Object.
(vith S,es, Fes)
where Vy, dencles the verl’s form.i-e Ass in
this cose.
SQ Firat form oP the verb is alse known as present
form of the verb. ,
\n cage of First spetscn stogplar (T), secon
* nso SInguiar (You) and ploral Bille 8S a
Sybrect jhe verb is qaemed oy presert form
the vero. : _
ose Ran hey,We ele) + Va + abject.
& For thitd person singular non, we vse present form
of the verb with S,es of les, Third person singular Noun (He/She/ It cc) + yng ( bwys
Say —_—Y says
—\P a verb ts ending na consonant ‘followed
by @ \etten S77, Ahenies to ysad insiead ¥
7.@
ve (consonatl) Y __ x (consonant ies
eq country —> coyrvies
baat] —_+ banties
\ ing | sh 70,2322:8)
Fa vero i= ending chsh 9K O7E7
nen esis addeatt in the end
° ch eitesses
catch —> coiches
wish —} wishes
echo —> echseS
buzz. —y ovrzes © Rin short | Aifirmative ‘present tnclefivite. eos the
‘Slloxing, foe
—YT/Nov / Piura) Ploun, Chhey, We ete.) 4+ Vy 4+0lboject
oe persm Singular
Se 4 Vis es, ies) 4Objecl
Negative Serlences
gee pe eae
eH Se ne following form.
Gee Me Mi + Object
where vy, is s helpin verb, suppertin verb
or Quyilary Jen. I prog
& IF spbject used is” “T/You/Plural &
‘hen hel ping verb fto be used weeny, _
—e 1/a/Poial 5 poe nate Ne ele.) 4 do nal + vat Object
-& WW cose of’< a usec Is Br person ue
(We She, ete-), dees acl is use oS an aux lary
Verb.
Sick perscn singular + does not 4.44 abject
a) (He,She, It ete. os
Sitis oe form
Na+ Subject + er Vy, +0jecL _
-+ Do +1/Ya/Plual Now +N, + Object +?
xen ~ hey, We cls)
> Does + Srd Lane Sigur +4 V, 4 Object + 2
* oe BeMences alway end in Question mark (2) Usage of Vesort_indefiiiie lense — )
When yo talk abet present Jevrrent habit ov
revifre.
+I alwos al vp early tn the mornin
~~He adit Ges ‘to Stool. a
Se When yu vee verbs & percepiion. \t relales to
wpre’s Sayses (Heartng ;Smell, losie etc-)
—% Nov lock worried
—¥ Ve locks happy:
R When yoo Talk alot Driversal Truth
The ann rises In the cast.
—e Living ‘things reqpire water to Survive.
-& When you pete a poet oa wiriten,
Tle poet says tne dafadits are Peavtitil.
+The asthor writes abat the Vlaw= Sn control
ems design:
When yo talk abat hislov ical present.
—¥ Pakistan appears 2 tho map oF the world
—¥ The ostraats
aneir fret Sep=
making history:
& When you tell the slory Pa MME 1 Q Arena
or a Nove.
The prolagpiist oelong= to a pow Tomy j lout
he docs nel lose hope.
—y Hawry Totter makes Wis way to the secret
chamloer.
Jand on the tncen qlaiking
on the Wwnar surface ahd O & When av de commerlary ob demonsshate
something.
—r Shaheen passes near the umpire and
boullS Q lancer ‘to the lbalsman.
Sake four pieces of chicken and wassh
dhem with lukewarm water.
Examples
iC
= %e \ooks worried. (Aftiemative /Posiiive)
He cloes nol lock worried. CNegalive)
Does he lock worried P Cinlerregative)
Does he nel lock worried? Qinlerragative ® Negative)
—> They regplarly ge to gym. (AKirmattive)
Vey clo nat go to gym regularly. (Negative)
Do they requiar\y qe to gym Cinterrogative)
Do they nd reqplarly ge to gymt (Ant. & Neg.)
ST en\°7 poe! v7. CAMirmalive)
TL do nt eniey poetry. (Negaive)
Do I enjoy poe eee
Do L not etjoy poste7® Cnierrogailve & Negative
You read newspaper Inne mening. CA)
Noy do not ted newspaper tn the morning. (N)
“Do you read newspaper Tn the morning. CD)
Do 700 not react newspaper ‘in the morning. (18 N) Prescrtl Confinicrs Stes.
2 Fovrth form xr verb is yaad “in snese \onses,
which are aleca known aS present partictple,
—* Subject + vn + Va Ogiect. CA)
> Svbject Vn +nol+V44 Object. CN)
> Nit Subject + Va Object?)
> Vi, + Sueject+ not +v44+0loject +? (LRN)
~& Yor Subject al aVjtam,
& For Svoject: Singlar jv, 2 is.
& For Svbojecl ¢ Ploral. 7 Nn? ER AE
& Cantinvorvs ea Cast > presen! flute) and
periéct aaiinas lenses conloins present
poriictple (4th form of verb) as a main Vorb,
Ysaqe
& At the time Of speaking , action ts centinved.
—¥\t is raining Neavily Th Islemolead righ! now,
— Lam ting, breakfast.
— hey are en jo7ing a cricket match ,
& Gradwal Change :
sis a cold vitth the passage & fine |
Sr am fin veogiabie CIC
ae Xo ate impteving as a wiriter.
& Upcoming near Toture .
—yltis gen 4O rain.
> We are h m8 a jean meeting nex\ Wwescay
—¥ ez ate Qethig married ned month .
—y 1 an song jorthe q7m OMOrTOW : ©) R Pe trends and loshias
—+ The boa are having Short haircut these dors.
—> Eco-friendly malericls cre becoming inctcasingly
Va
2 Unvaval or temporary actin.
1 vsvalty ge achdol Wn @ bus , oul today
Tam oping ma bike.
Nae Examples
& He is Neving a grand opening & his shep. (a)
He is nat Naving & Grand opening F his Shep. CN)
\s he hoving @ grand opening f his Shop 1)
\s he nel having a grand opening of his Shop? 18)
& Yay are Qcing on atrip with me. (Ay
You are nol geing on amp with me. (N)
Are yar going on avrip wits mer (1)
Are yor nol ping on a ‘rip with merCT&Nn)
2 1 am working cut these days. (A)
Lam nc working al these doys (N)
Am working at'these doys? @)
Am TL nat working oul these clays” CL&N)
& Silents ore chuckling nervasty. (A)
Srwdents are pat Chveklin nervas|y. CN
Are students chuckling nervously? CD
Are sivdenls nd chuckling nervesly? Cen) & Fast parliciple (Sra form oF verb) is used fq
perlect (past , present fore) fences.
> Subject +V, +V3 + Object . CA)
— Svojeci + Vat nol 4 Ve+ Object CN)
7 Vy tSugject + Vs4 Obiect iP GQ)
~? Nw t Suoject +c avsaObojeda? Gren)
& Yor Sabjecl: T/Ney/ Plural jv, shave.
* Subject ¢Srd perscn Singular, Vn shag,
Usage
When 7 Talk abot an action thal Nappened
in Hear Past in ‘ince time .
—Thhey hove juct finished their Joo
—> He hos recently jcined thie Compan y,
“&Uhen yeu talk about an event that hoppened In
PUSt lov hod teavtt o eflect in presen
—* He has had an acalcert
“® When you talk abevl an action shal happened
in post repediled ty and 7H Seped Wold
Hoppe again tn present
eT hove seen actger atthe vis.
Se\hen you compare present and past regarding
changes.
She has beame mote mare than she wos
in her youth. ° Storied in
Sewlhen you tale aloo on Roost
= an Ss °
be Send hows een in England. . ay When you vse “iL is the Fie time” oo“ This
fS the fiat time”.
— tHe hes, This is the firsttime he has
cocked fbad .
More Examples
& LT nave completed my research. CA)
JT have not completed my vesearch, CN)
C1)
Have TI compleled my research?
Hove T net completed my research? Cian )
St You Nowe rine my room, CA)
Xo hove nol vunined my room. Cn)
Hove you ruined my recom C1)
Howe you nol ruined my room? Cen)
& They nove been to Lonckn, CA)
They Nave nol been to Londen , CN)
Hove they been to London® (1)
Hove they nol been to Landon? (1&N)
&& Pane has completed Hs test fight. (4)
Pane has nol ompleted 1s test Sight (N)
Has plane completed Ws test fight. = )
Hos plane nol completed is tosh Pight -C8N) Resen! Perec! Continence ()
& Maly Verb: Resent particpie (Ath forim oP verb)
& Strocure hae ovina
object 4Vy + OeSH Vy Doject4 SMe, Sauting Hime
\\ 4 J for
Aime ame
aa 5 yoct+ Since , Starling time -
+ Subject +\etnel +tosen+ v4 FObjeclt at ime Rama ON)
5 ~ ji starting 1%
Vit Suiect+v4+Object + Sisse + Soe (3)
—¥ Vint Subject +netabeen ta Okjects Since Slocting Hime 765 yy)
S For subect oT /Nou/Ploral ,Vy2 have Pore
2 Yor Svboject : Srd persen Singular ; Vy + has
Usage
“@ When Jor Falk about an action thal te continued
IM presen time , and VW stavied in past time.
“You must Know_cne of the two pieces oF inPrna_
~tien 2 peinl oF time or Peried oP time.
—vhhey hove been playing crickel since mooning.
ye has been F lying kites for che hour,
omic
& 1 have been visiting my schocl for many years,(X)
Ll have nol been visiting my schoel For mony ycous. CN)
Have 1 been Visiting my school for many yeotsP CP)
Have T nol been visiting my school far many years? (18N)
& She has been writing this poom since Sunday, (A)
sre hos net been writing this pcan since Sunde CN)
yas She been werting this poem since Sundey? (1)
Was She nol been writing Ais poem since Sunday? (en) (Rest ndefirite Tense
& Main yer: End form oP the verb,
*& Did’ is Incerportsled ass an avyilavy verb in
negative ond ilerrogative Structure.
ee .
Svoject+Va+ Object . CA
= Subject tdlid +not+Va+Objecl. CN }
Did +Subject a Natovject? (1)
= Did+ Subject + nota va sobject? CG&N)
Maiq Verb will yewe 40 “Aah s
form oP Verb th negaiive and
Sage ‘ntevrogative sentence
seal, talk albasl an aotfon thect happened
in post’; and 7ov Mention defile time oF happen
& he action, "4
—» Pokisian wa the heckey world cup io 1994,
—~T met my friends lost month .
-S When ryov ask about the time of happening XP
fon
aetfon |
—¥ When did you Invile them!
e\then did “Ve fidish His tasky
RQwhen ik is contemed that action hosppened ot
clefiniic tine 7bvt time '= nol mentioned ,
— You were ten minuies late,
ie saw Wim al zoo.
stthen yoy alk abot an adlfon Act happened!
Sen cericin time Ppatied ar for a moment .
ethey Wed tm England Fee ie yates
+ySie worked tne fr mory wor
ewrey YO alk alaatt post hols,
SeHe always wet race Ya Scheel
ey neon fold We ‘in thels Young Age . Examples
— the stucents went to school yesterday (4)
sway The ssluclens did nol ge to SPhoel Peslerday. Cy)
Did athe sticlenls go to Serpol yeslexclay® ay
Did the shelanis Nal got te school yesterday” CL&N)
—Yey wen the prize \qai year
They did not wi es ee iY
e7 did nol win the prize losi year, CN)
Did they win the Prize lasl yea? WV)
Did they not win the spfize last year? BN)
—Y We played crickeel on Sunday? (A)
Wie did nal play cricket cn Sunday. CN)
Did we Play cricket on Sunday? C1)
Did we net play crtcke} on Sunday? CEN )
More Usage.
& When you vse secynd conc ticnal
=S\P 1 worked hard, weld be svccessti)-
—3IP it rained we wWaild nel go te market |
When you show Coulst ovv unveality ‘jin the present -
—+ He behaves ndely as i¥ we did something
varong,
_ eo are cenfideil os “hah ~yov Beep knew the answer
cto show unreal past with A is me”
_e itis tine we ‘ught thom back.
_* \t Is Hme — fo Lanote.,
oy aueation answer In presen perléct 5 ti
Qwhen y' ws ae P periect ,time
_ 5A; Hove -you oeen “here +o wach “he moviet
Bri Ves, 1 hove beech,
AcOid yo ©nje7 the MM
Re Vea. 1 did.
ee ® _— Bst Gaius Tense
2 Math veplo ¢ presen! Parliciple (Aah fOr SiMe veh)
— Vwieture
te Subject+ Vn tV44 Object. (A)
+ Subject + Wanol tv, 40bjed\ - CN)
“Vy FSO|EC Vat Object ? C1)
Nyt Suigject4 nol Vya Object? CRN )
XFov spbjiect eX
Y SHGISCI ¢ ‘You /Plurat ,y, = were.
For subject ot /thitd perecn Singular, vy= was.
Usage
“When yoy talk aloyt 7
FOr eae duration ii, the Poke gS con one
the exact slarth point f the ction.
aie were pidyng hockey on Suncloyy
you jal about Gradual et J
bot wey dla nd mention time, age Ne Pa
~ lt was getting dark
SWhen you Jalk about two acticns jn the post.
Bae action Wos continued when the cther action
oppened.
—t When “1 reached home they were watching the
3 When you talk about anaclion thet wos conitnvel
os a specific spaint inthe past.
—y We were ean Wo od 6 o'clock.
When you JalKabett an action thet Heqpertly
hav eck fh the past ane onneyect Sonene .
-y Wey were alloys sharing a) each other.
XO Gn Show mare casval ard less deflbente
rion in the * as
Ye hos cleaning \Yis room, Bamples de
+1 was tecding an Inieresiting loak. A)
T wos rol reading an inieresting book CN)
We “EL reading An tnieresting books WV)
Wos T not reacting an Interesting book? (1&N)
Yoo! Perfect lense.
Matin vepb 2 Vg Grd Bem Phe verb) /st participle
g Helping Verb Wp) @ had .
&Sinvclvre
SSpvject + hadsys+0gyed (A)
7 SvGeci + had +nolt+Vy+0oject CN)
rad A Subject + V5.4 Giged® >
7 Nad + Subject + notevs+ Object? (VGN)
sage
-& When you “talk abou ov “fe
tn the rN Co oo acta
—Thad compleled my tectwe lnctore 9 o'clock.
When you talk abet two acifons which happened
fn the post. the action shat happened first
will be Shawn ‘by Pos) Perfect, and the ocivon
dhal happened later wit be Shown by Fost
Indefinite tense -
—r When you reached whe Slation ,the train Nad
Qe. :
_yThe Wain hos gone before YOU reached the
sjaticn
sya reached the stetion alter the “twain nod gone.
now.
ST ned net chopped the cotich we would no} hove
Jost the match, wy Examples
EL had victed my School before this summer)
T had nol visited my =chool before tis summer. (N)
Had TE vsted my school before this summer? ¢})
Hod T nel visited my school before this Summer? (gn)
Resi Perfect Continuas “lense
& Nain verb : present participle (4h form A the verl)
% Hetpng verb yn hod
RQvevte, ; . a
—* Subject + hadsbeen +V4+ object Since. Starting tae (A)
—rSvbject thadnolibeen +44 0bject 4 since, Siactag tne, (CN)
* ae je ame
shad 4 gubjec+ been + vat Object + Sine + slatiinting? C1)
Hime Way
~PHad Subject nel abeent 44 Coject+ Since sSractng ne, 7 (RN) |
ime fame
Usage
When you talk abel an actin that starled in pest
ae Friched belore or at the time - speaking. You
MUSL Know one ef’ the Iwo pieces of fnformatian 2
spain of time ov perred 1 aseaume they till ge to Lahore.
24 sue he will all me
7 ‘oelieve the weather wifil
—r i think you willl oem nel ty eae
—t We hepe eur‘team vill tin the match,
When yeu talk qbat vie habival actens
which we expect will happen again.
—¥ Winter uf) Start socn.
—eThe children will enfey their weekend,
Q Fis\_ cenciitienal .
wy \F yeu work hard you wil get success,
_—y\Pil tains we vill nol play hockey.
boamples |
gx We shall visit cur Schoo| (A)
we shall not visit ow school. CN)
Syoll we Visit ovr Scheel? GQ)
Shall we not vist ar school? UEN) ©) Fite Corina Terms
Main verb : v4 (Present) parlicipte) (41h Form F vert
Siwetvie
— ugject + Vatboe 4 Vat Object CA)
Slloject + vy 4 Net poo+V44 Ogjecl CN)
PBeVi + Subject toe +V4 + Objeck? a)
Nn A Subject + Nol the +v4+ Ogyect+ P CEN)
SX Yor object + Ast person (1,We) y Vane Shall
& For Sioject ¢ end You) /Brd person's Vp g Will.
Usage
& When you assume action will be_comiinved th
presen ov ure ~m the bask of au knowledge .
—eThe7 will be going for a picnic.
—& She will be reading @ book In the Nboray.
When yon Folk abot fiture wlithout inlenssticn or
deliberation.
—tThey will be ‘\acing series threal oPwaler
roihy .
—-You wil) be walking in the garden,
Examples
XL shall be visittn my sschoel . (A)
1 shall nol ke Visiting my school. tN)
Shall 1 be visilthg my school? Cty
hall 1 nd be visiting my sxtsschool? U&N)
Q She willl be wiityg this poem.
She wil) nol be writing wis poem,
WH she he wwiting jhis\poems :
Will ahe not be wntiting this poem’ Tlie Yerfecl “lense 9
& Nain Vevlo + Vg (Rast Rarticpte) Brel form of the vert
&