BEAN EXPERIMENT PERFORMANCE TASK
GROUP: MUNGJIMBEAN
In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements in
PRACTICAL RESEARCH 2
Members:
MABANGLO, JANNAH ALYZA C.
ALVAREZ, MARXENE L.
OLPINDO, ARABELLE G.
GADIA, RACHELLE ANNE R.
ICO, CLAIRE JASMINE A.
MENDOZA, IVY MELONIE E.
BARRERA, HARRY B.
MR. ELISHA JAMES T. TADENA
Research Adviser
January 2023
INTRODUCTION
Mung bean (Vigna radiata L. Wilczek), commonly known as green gram, is a little green
bean with a circular form that is mainly produced throughout Asia, including India, Pakistan,
Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Laos, Cambodia, Vietnam, Indonesia, Malaysia, South China,
and the Republic of Formosa. It is said to be an Indian indigenous crop. This transitory bean is
tolerant of a broad range of climatic conditions and eventually spreads to the United States,
Australia, and Africa (Naik, Panoth, & Venkatachalapathy, 2020). The mung bean (Vigna
radiata), often known as monggo or munggo in the Philippines, is a small green bean in the
legume family. Mung bean sprouts are a popular preparation of this bean. Mung bean sprouts,
also known as toge in the Philippines, are a delicious gourmet vegetable with a crisp and crispy
texture that is commonly used in salads and sandwiches. It is also used in a variety of different
dishes, such as sautéed bean sprouts, vegetable egg rolls, and spring rolls. Furthermore, due of
their high nutritional content, vitamins and minerals, proteins, and antioxidants, sprouted beans
are considered to heal a number of ailments (Bual et al., 2019). According to Kumar et al.
(2018), it is a summer pulse crop planted for a short period of time (70 to 90 days) in the spring
and fall. It has a high nutritional value and a wide range of uses, including green pods used in
cooking as peas and sprouts strong in vitamins and amino acids. The seeds are an excellent
source of vitamins, minerals, and protein. Throughout addition to select places of Africa and
Australia, mungbean is predominantly farmed in Asia. Asia currently produces around 90% of
the world's mungbeans, with India, China, Pakistan, and Thailand being some of the biggest
producers (Pataczek et al., 2018).
According to Ngo & Ignacio (2021), mung bean germination is a simple process that may
be carried out in soil or water and usually takes four to five days. Mung beans typically
germinate within 2-5 days, but factors such as temperature, salinity level, pH of water, and more
affect germination and growth rate (Overhiser, 2019). Seed germination is influenced by both
internal and extrinsic variables. The main atmospheric component is light or haze. Ecological
triggers for germination may include light, dimness, or a certain physiological sleepiness. Many
seeds, especially those from species that thrive in wooded habitats, won't sprout until an opening
in the overhang provides enough light for the seedling's development, even though the majority
of seeds are unaffected by light or darkness (Jamhari, 2018). Germination of mung beans is a
simple process. It may be planted in soil or water and normally takes four to five days to sprout;
however, the actual germination rate varies depending on the amount of moisture provided
during the germination stage in some situations. Water the bean seeds every four to five hours to
boost germination (Mclelland, 2021).
The process of etiolation, which produces etioplasts in tissue that would normally have
chloroplasts, is one of prolonged growth without light. A prominent sign of etiolation is the
presence of non-green plastids (etioplasts), which are frequently found in plant tissues that
contain chloroplasts. The commonly used dark-grown seedling approach combines etiolation
with skotomorphogenesis, a developmental process (Kowalewska et al., 2019).
METHODOLOGY
In the earlier steps of the experiment, mung bean seeds, water, clear containers, tissues, a
marker, and a ruler were all used. The experiment used a total of ninety (90) pieces of mung bean
seeds. There were three (3) treatments used, with Treatment 1 given in enough sunlight,
Treatment 2 in low light, and Treatment 3 in very little to no sunlight. Each treatment includes
three trials of ten (10) mung bean seeds. Before covering the substrate with still another thin
layer, 10 Mung Bean seeds were placed in a substrate-filled container. For nine days, the
students observed the sprouting and progress of mung beans. Following sprouting, the roots and
stem length of each seed was measured. After the data was tallied and recorded for statistical
analysis, photographs and observations were used to support the conclusions.
RESULTS
After nine days of observing the experimental subjects, the observations of the ninety
(90) mung bean seeds in treatments were collected and analyzed. The length of the stem and the
length of the root of the mung bean seeds were then measured for further study.
TABLE 1. Final stem length and root length of mung bean seeds after nine days of observation.
TREATMENT 1: UNDER ENOUGH SUNLIGHT
STEM LENGTH ROOT LENGTH
TRIAL 1 TRIAL 2 TRIAL 3 TRIAL 1 TRIAL 2 TRIAL 3
SEED
1 7.7 4 4 6.4 1.5 4.5
2 9.1 8.5 8.5 6.4 2 2
3 7.2 8 8 6.9 2 4.5
4 7.3 6 6 7.5 4 3
5 6.9 4.3 4 7.7 2 4.5
6 9.3 4.5 4.5 6.6 3 2
7 7 3 3 5.4 1.5 2
8 7.7 7.5 7.5 7.3 3.5 4
9 7.7 5 5 6.9 2.5 2
10 7.8 3 13 5.7 1.5 5
TREATMENT 2: UNDER LOW SUNLIGHT
STEM LENGTH ROOT LENGTH
TRIAL 1 TRIAL 2 TRIAL 3 TRIAL 1 TRIAL 2 TRIAL 3
SEED
1 8.5 7.3 7.5 2 1.5 4
2 11.2 8.5 10 4 2 4.5
3 12 11.5 8.5 4.5 4 3
4 9.5 7 6.5 3.5 3.5 1.5
5 9 10 7.5 2.5 3 3
6 7.5 9.5 9 1.5 3 3.5
7 8.2 7.5 8.4 2 1.5 2.5
8 10.1 8.5 6.3 3 2.5 2
9 9.5 9 8.5 3 3.5 3.5
10 7.3 8.3 11.5 1.5 2 4.5
TREATMENT 3: UNDER NO SUNLIGHT
STEM LENGTH ROOT LENGTH
TRIAL 1 TRIAL 2 TRIAL 3 TRIAL 1 TRIAL 2 TRIAL 3
SEED
1 22 14 23 10 2 3.5
2 23 21.1 17 6 4.5 2.5
3 11.3 23.2 13 7.3 3.2 4
4 11.5 14 20 3 5 3
5 18 21.5 20.5 3.7 4.2 3.2
6 22.3 19.5 20 10.5 3 5
7 15.5 18.5 23.5 10 5 3.4
8 23 17 16 10.7 4 4
9 20.5 14 20.4 9 3 5.2
10 21 18 13 8 5 3
DESCRIPTIVES
TABLE 2. Mean, median, mode, range, skewness, and kurtosis of Treatment 1 in terms of its
stem length and root length on the 9th day of observation.
TREATMENT 1: UNDER ENOUGH SUNLIGHT
STEM LENGTH ROOT LENGTH
Trial 1 Trial 2 Trial 3 Trial 1 Trial 2 Trial 3
N 10 10 10 10 10 10
Mean 7.77 5.38 6.35 6.68 2.35 3.35
Median 7.70 4.75 5.50 6.75 2.00 3.50
a a
Mode 7.70 3.00 4.00 6.40 1.50 2.00
Range 2.40 5.50 10.0 2.30 2.50 3.00
Skewness 1.15 0.446 1.23 -0.411 0.870 -0.0376
Std. Error Skewness 0.687 0.687 0.687 0.687 0.687 0.687
Kurtosis 0.385 -1.31 1.63 -0.520 -0.416 -2.15
Std. Error Kurtosis 1.33 1.33 1.33 1.33 1.33 1.33
MEAN
The mathematical average of all terms is the most common way to express the mean of a
statistical distribution containing a discrete random variable. In other words, "mean" is the way
of finding the sum divided by the count of the values. To obtain the mean of stem length and root
length in Treatment 1, simply divide the sum of all values in each trial by the sample size (N =
10). Using this formula, the calculated average means of mung beans in trials 1, 2, and 3 in terms
of stem length are 7.77, 5.38, and 6.35, respectively. On the other hand, the calculated average
means of mung beans in trials 1, 2, and 3 in terms of root length are 6.68, 2.35, and 3.35,
respectively.
MEDIAN
The median is the value that’s exactly in the middle of a data set when it is arranged in
ascending order. If there are two numbers in the middle of a data set, their mean is the median.
The sample size is an even number, hence there are two numbers in the middle of the data set
that serve as the median; therefore, the researchers determined the mean of these two numbers to
get the final median of the data set. As shown in Table 2, the computed median of mung beans in
trial 1, trial 2, and trial 3 of Treatment 1 in terms of stem length are 7.70, 4.75, and 5.50,
respectively. Whereas, the computed median of mung beans in trial 1, trial 2, and trial 3 of
Treatment 1 in terms of root length are 6.75, 2.00, and 3.50, respectively.
MODE
In statistics, the mode of a list of numbers refers to the integers that occur most
frequently. As shown in table 2, the modes of trials 1, 2, and 3 in Treatment 1 in terms of stem
length are 7.70, 3.00, and 4.00, respectively. In terms of root length, mode trials 1, 2, and 3 in
Treatment 1 are 6.40, 1.50, and 2.00, respectively. As indicated in Table 2, in terms of root
length, Trial 1 and Trial 2 have more than one mode.
RANGE
The range can be calculated by simply subtracting the smallest number from the largest
number in a data set. Using this formula, the calculated range of trial 1, trial 2, and trial 3 in
terms of stem length in Treatment 1 are 2.40, 5.50, and 10.0, respectively. In Treatment 1, the
calculated ranges for trials 1, 2, and 3 in terms of root length are 2.30, 2.50, and 3.00,
respectively.
SKEWNESS
The skewness of mung beans in Treatment 1 in terms of stem length in trials 1, 2, and 3
are 1.15, 0.446, and 1.23, respectively; while in terms of root length in trials 1, 2, and 3, the
skewness of mung beans are -0.411, 0.870, and -0.0376, respectively. The skewness of mung
beans in terms of stem length in trial 1 is 1.15 implies that the distribution is highly skewed to
the right; trial 2 is 0.446 implies that the distribution is approximately symmetrical; and trial 3 is
1.23 implies that the distribution is highly skewed to the right. On the other hand, the skewness
of mung beans in terms of root length in trial 1 is -0.411 implies that the distribution is
approximately symmetrical; trial 2 is 0.870 implies that the distribution is moderately skewed to
the right; and trial 3 is -0.0376 implies that the distribution is approximately symmetrical.
KURTOSIS
The kurtosis of mung beans in Treatment 1 in terms of stem length in trials 1, 2, and 3
are 0.385, -1.31, and 1.63, respectively; while in terms of root length in trials 1, 2, and 3, the
kurtosis of mung beans are -0.520, 0.416, and -2.15, respectively. The kurtosis of mung beans in
terms of stem length in trial 1 is 0.385 implies that the distribution is heavy-tailed, which means
it is leptokurtic distribution; trial 2 is -1.31 implies that the distribution is light-tailed, which
means it is platykurtic distribution; and trial 3 is 1.63 implies that the distribution is heavy-tailed,
which means that it is leptokurtic distribution. The kurtosis of mung beans in terms of root length
in trial 1 is -0.520 implies that the distribution is light-tailed, which means it is platykurtic
distribution; trial 2 is -0.416 implies that the distribution is light-tailed, which means it is
platykurtic distribution; and trial 3 is -2.15 implies that the distribution is light-tailed, which
means it is platykurtic distribution.
TABLE 3. Mean, median, mode, range, skewness, and kurtosis of Treatment 2 in terms of its
stem length and root length on the 9th day of observation.
TREATMENT 2: UNDER LOW SUNLIGHT
STEM LENGTH ROOT LENGTH
Trial1 Trial 2 Trial 3 Trial 1 Trial 2 Trial 3
N 10 10 10 10 10 10
Mean 9.28 8.71 8.37 2.75 2.65 3.20
Median 9.25 8.50 8.45 2.75 2.75 3.25
Mode 9.50 8.50 7.50a 1.50a 1.50a 3.00a
Range 4.70 4.50 5.20 3.00 2.50 3.00
Skewness 0.499 0.802 0.665 0.377 0.0363 -0.279
Std. Error Skewness 0.687 0.687 0.687 0.687 0.687 0.687
Kurtosis -0.418 0.580 0.509 -0.968 -1.38 -0.751
Std. Error Kurtosis 1.33 1.33 1.33 1.33 1.33 1.33
MEAN
The mathematical average of all terms is the most common way to express the mean of a
statistical distribution containing a discrete random variable. In other words, "mean" is the way
of finding the sum divided by the count of the values. To obtain the mean of stem length and root
length in Treatment 2, simply divide the sum of all values in each trial by the sample size (N =
10). Using this formula, the calculated average means of mung beans in trials 1, 2, and 3 in terms
of stem length are 9.28, 8.71, and 8.37, respectively. On the other hand, the calculated average
means of mung beans in trials 1, 2, and 3 in terms of root length are 2.75, 2.65, and 3.20,
respectively.
MEDIAN
The median is the value that’s exactly in the middle of a data set when it is arranged in
ascending order. If there are two numbers in the middle of a data set, their mean is the median.
The sample size is an even number, hence there are two numbers in the middle of the data set
that serve as the median; therefore, the researchers determined the mean of these two numbers to
get the final median of the data set. As shown in Table 3, the computed median of mung beans in
trial 1, trial 2, and trial 3 of Treatment 2 in terms of stem length are 9.25, 8.50, and 8.45,
respectively. Whereas, the computed median of mung beans in trial 1, trial 2, and trial 3 of
Treatment 2 in terms of root length are 2.75, 2.75, and 3.35, respectively.
MODE
In statistics, the mode of a list of numbers refers to the integers that occur most
frequently. As shown in table 2, the modes of trials 1, 2, and 3 in Treatment 2 in terms of stem
length are 9.50, 8.50, and 7.50, respectively. In terms of root length, mode trials 1, 2, and 3 in
Treatment 2 are 1.50, 1.50, and 3.00, respectively. As indicated in table 2, in terms of stem
length, trial 3 has more than one mode, while in terms of root length; all the trials have more than
one mode.
RANGE
The range can be calculated by simply subtracting the smallest number from the largest
number in a data set. Using this formula, the calculated range of trial 1, trial 2, and trial 3 in
terms of stem length in Treatment 2 are 4.70, 4.50, and 5.20, respectively. In Treatment 2, the
calculated ranges for trials 1, 2, and 3 in terms of root length are 3.00, 2.50, and 3.00,
respectively.
SKEWNESS
The skewness of mung beans in Treatment 2 in terms of stem length in trials 1, 2, and 3
are 0.499, 0.802, and 0.665, respectively; while in terms of root length in trials 1, 2, and 3, the
skewness of mung beans are 0.377, 0.0363, and -0.279 respectively. The skewness of mung
beans in terms of stem length in trial 1 is 0.499 implies that the distribution is approximately
symmetrical; trial 2 is 0.802 implies that the distribution is moderately skewed to the right; and
trial 3 is 0.665 implies that the distribution is moderately skewed to the right. On the other hand,
the skewness of mung beans in terms of root length in trial 1 is 0.377 implies that the distribution
is approximately symmetrical; trial 2 is 0.0363 implies that the distribution is approximately
symmetrical; and trial 3 is -0.279 implies that the distribution is approximately symmetrical.
KURTOSIS
The kurtosis of mung beans in Treatment 2 in terms of stem length in trials 1, 2, and 3
are -0.418, 0.580, and 0.509, respectively; while in terms of root length in trials 1, 2, and 3, the
kurtosis of mung beans are -0.968, -1.38, and -0.751 respectively. The kurtosis of mung beans in
terms of stem length in trial 1 is -0.418 implies that the distribution is light-tailed, which means it
is platykurtic distribution; trial 2 is 0.580 implies that the distribution is heavy-tailed, which
means it is leptokurtic distribution; and trial 3 is 0.509 implies that the distribution is heavy-
tailed, which means that it is leptokurtic distribution. The kurtosis of mung beans in terms of root
length in trial 1 is -0.968 implies that the distribution is light-tailed, which means it is platykurtic
distribution; trial 2 is -1.38 implies that the distribution is light-tailed, which means it is
platykurtic distribution; and trial 3 is -0.751 implies that the distribution is light-tailed, which
means it is platykurtic distribution.
TABLE 4. Mean, median, mode, range, skewness, and kurtosis of Treatment 3 in terms of its
stem length and root length on the 9th day of observation.
TREATMENT 3: UNDER NO SUNLIGHT
STEM LENGTH ROOT LENGTH
Trial1 Trial 2 Trial 3 Trial 1 Trial 2 Trial 3
N 10 10 10 10 10 10
Mean 18.8 18.1 18.6 7.82 3.89 3.68
Median 20.8 18.3 20.0 8.50 4.10 3.45
Mode 23.0 14.0 13.0a 10.0 5.00 3.00a
Range 11.7 9.20 10.5 7.70 3.00 2.70
Skewness -0.903 -0.00116 -0.442 -0.782 -0.504 0.715
Std. Error Skewness 0.687 0.687 0.687 0.687 0.687 0.687
Kurtosis -0.755 -1.28 -0.977 -0.729 -0.859 -0.340
Std. Error Kurtosis 1.33 1.33 1.33 1.33 1.33 1.33
MEAN
The mathematical average of all terms is the most common way to express the mean of a
statistical distribution containing a discrete random variable. In other words, "mean" is the way
of finding the sum divided by the count of the values. To obtain the mean of stem length and root
length in Treatment 3, simply divide the sum of all values in each trial by the sample size (N =
10). Using this formula, the calculated average means of mung beans in trials 1, 2, and 3 in terms
of stem length are 18.8, 18.1, and 18.6, respectively. On the other hand, the calculated average
means of mung beans in trials 1, 2, and 3 in terms of root length are 7.82, 3.89, and 3.68,
respectively.
MEDIAN
The median is the value that’s exactly in the middle of a data set when it is arranged in
ascending order. If there are two numbers in the middle of a data set, their mean is the median.
The sample size is an even number, hence there are two numbers in the middle of the data set
that serve as the median; therefore, the researchers determined the mean of these two numbers to
get the final median of the data set. As shown in Table 4, the computed median of mung beans in
trial 1, trial 2, and trial 3 of Treatment 3 in terms of stem length are 20.8, 18.3, and 20.0,
respectively. Whereas, the computed median of mung beans in trial 1, trial 2, and trial 3 of
Treatment 3 in terms of root length are 8.50, 4.10, and 3.45, respectively.
MODE
In statistics, the mode of a list of numbers refers to the integers that occur most
frequently. As shown in table 2, the modes of trials 1, 2, and 3 in Treatment 3 in terms of stem
length are 23.0, 14.0, and 13.0, respectively. In terms of root length, mode trials 1, 2, and 3 in
Treatment 3 are 10.0, 5.00, and 3.00, respectively. As indicated in table 2, the trial 3 in terms of
stem length and root length, have more than one mode.
RANGE
The range can be calculated by simply subtracting the smallest number from the largest
number in a data set. Using this formula, the calculated range of trial 1, trial 2, and trial 3 in
terms of stem length in Treatment 3 are 11.7, 9.20, and 10.5, respectively. In Treatment 3, the
calculated ranges for trials 1, 2, and 3 in terms of root length are 7.70, 3.00, and 2.70,
respectively.
SKEWNESS
The skewness of mung beans in Treatment 3 in terms of stem length in trials 1, 2, and 3
are -0.903, -0.00116, and -0.442 respectively; while in terms of root length in trials 1, 2, and 3,
the skewness of mung beans are -0.782, -0.504, and 0.715 respectively. The skewness of mung
beans in terms of stem length in trial 1 is -0.903 implies that the distribution is moderately
skewed to the left; trial 2 is -0.00116 implies that the distribution is approximately symmetrical;
and trial 3 is -0.442 implies that the distribution is approximately symmetrical. On the other
hand, the skewness of mung beans in terms of root length in trial 1 is -0.782 implies that the
distribution is moderately skewed to the left; trial 2 is -0.504 implies that the distribution is
moderately skewed to the left; and trial 3 is 0.715 implies that the distribution is moderately
skewed to the right.
KURTOSIS
The kurtosis of mung beans in Treatment 3 in terms of stem length in trials 1, 2, and 3
are -0.755, -1.28, and -0.977, respectively; while in terms of root length in trials 1, 2, and 3, the
kurtosis of mung beans are -0.729, -0.859, and -0.340, respectively. The kurtosis of mung beans
in terms of stem length in trial 1 is -0.755 implies that the distribution light-tailed, which means
it is platykurtic distribution; trial 2 is -1.28 implies that the distribution is light-tailed, which
means it is platykurtic distribution; and trial 3 is -0.977 implies that the distribution is light-
tailed, which means that it is platykurtic distribution. The kurtosis of mung beans in terms of root
length in trial 1 is -0.729 implies that the distribution is light-tailed, which means it is platykurtic
distribution; trial 2 is -0.859 implies that the distribution is light-tailed, which means it is
platykurtic distribution; and trial 3 is -0. 340 implies that the distribution is light-tailed, which
means it is platykurtic distribution.
WILCOXON RANK TEST
TABLE 5. Wilcoxon Rank Test on the stem and root length of mung beans in Trial 1 of
Treatments 1, 2, and 3.
Paired Samples T-Test
Statistic p
Treatment 1: Stem Length Treatment 1: Root Length Wilcoxon W 49.5 0.028
Treatment 2: Stem Length Treatment 2: Root Length Wilcoxon W 55.0 0.006
Treatment 3: Stem Length Treatment 3: Root Length Wilcoxon W 55.0 0.002
Based on table 5, the computed statistics between the stem length and root length of
mung beans in trial 1 of Treatments 1, 2, and 3 are 49.5, 55.00, and 55.0, respectively. While
their p-values are 0.028, 0.006, and 0.002 respectively which are lower than the significance
level at 0.05. Hence, the null hypothesis is rejected. This indicates that there are significant
differences between the stem length and root length of mung beans in trial 1 under varying
sunlight conditions.
TABLE 6. Wilcoxon Rank Test on the stem and root length of mung beans in Trial 2 of
Treatments 1, 2, and 3.
Paired Samples T-Test
Statistic p
Treatment 1: Stem Length Treatment 1: Root Length Wilcoxon W 55.0 0.006
Treatment 2: Stem Length Treatment 2: Root Length Wilcoxon W 55.0 0.006
Treatment 3: Stem Length Treatment 3: Root Length Wilcoxon W 55.0 0.006
Based on table 6, the computed statistic between the stem length and root length of mung
beans in trial 1 of Treatments 1, 2, and 3 is 55.0. While their p-value is 0.006 which is lower than
the significance level at 0.05. Hence, the null hypothesis is rejected. This indicates that there are
significant differences between the stem length and root length of mung beans in trial 2 under
varying sunlight conditions.
TABLE 7. Wilcoxon Rank Test on the stem and root length of mung beans in Trial 3 of
Treatments 1, 2, and 3.
Paired Samples T-Test
Statistic p
Treatment 1: Stem Length Treatment 1: Root Length Wilcoxon W 52.0 0.014
Treatment 2: Stem Length Treatment 2: Root Length Wilcoxon W 55.0 0.006
Paired Samples T-Test
Statistic p
Treatment 3: Stem Length Treatment 3: Root Length Wilcoxon W 55.0 0.002
Based on table 7, the computed statistics between the stem length and root length of
mung beans in trial 1 of Treatments 1, 2, and 3 are 52.0, 55.0, and 55.0, respectively. While their
p-values are 0.014, 0.006, and 0.002 respectively which are lower than the significance level at
0.05. Hence, the null hypothesis is rejected. This indicates that there are significant differences
between the stem length and root length of mung beans in trial 1 under varying sunlight
conditions.
KRUSKAL-WALLIS TEST
TABLE 8. Kruskal-Wallis Test on the stem and root length of mung beans in Treatment 1.
χ² df p
Stem Length 5.30 2 0.071
Root Length 21.29 2 < .001
The computed p-value is compared with the 0.05 significance level. The null hypothesis
is accepted if the p-value is greater; otherwise, it is rejected. In Treatment 1, as shown in table 8,
the p-value in terms of stem length is 0.071 which is greater than the significance level at 0.05
with two (2) degrees of freedom; this indicates that the null hypothesis is accepted. On the other
hand, the p-value of Treatment 1 in terms of root length is <.001 which is less than the
significance level at 0.05 with two (2) degrees of freedom; this indicates that the null hypothesis
is rejected.
TABLE 9. Kruskal-Wallis Test on the stem and root length of mung beans in Treatment 2.
χ² df p
Stem Length 1.74 2 0.418
Root Length 1.70 2 0.427
The computed p-value is compared with the 0.05 significance level. The null hypothesis
is accepted if the p-value is greater; otherwise, it is rejected. In Treatment 2, as shown in table 9,
the p-value in terms of stem length is 0.418 which is greater than the significance level at 0.05
with two (2) degrees of freedom; this indicates that the null hypothesis is accepted. On the other
hand, the p-value of Treatment 1 in terms of root length is 0.427 which is greater than the
significance level at 0.05 with two (2) degrees of freedom; this indicates that the null hypothesis
is accepted.
TABLE 10. Kruskal-Wallis Test on the stem and root length of mung beans in Treatment 3.
χ² df p
Stem Length 0.344 2 0.842
Root Length 10.812 2 0.004
The computed p-value is compared with the 0.05 significance level. The null hypothesis
is accepted if the p-value is greater; otherwise, it is rejected. In Treatment 3, as shown in table
10, the p-value in terms of stem length is 0.842 which is greater than the significance level at
0.05 with two (2) degrees of freedom; this indicates that the null hypothesis is accepted. On the
other hand, the p-value of Treatment 1 in terms of root length is 0.004 which is less than the
significance level at 0.05 with two (2) degrees of freedom; this indicates that the null hypothesis
is rejected.
PEARSON’S CORRELATION COEFFICIENT
TABLE 11. Pearson’s Correlation Coefficient on the stem length and root length of mung beans
in Treatment 1.
Stem Length Root Length
Stem Length Pearson's r —
p-value —
Root Length Pearson's r 0.522 —
p-value 0.003 —
Pearson's Correlation Coefficient is the test statistics used to assess the association or
statistical relationship two continuous variables. In Pearson’s, the closer the calculated Pearson’s
r is to 1, the stronger the correlation between the variables. Based on table 11, the calculated
Pearson’s r between the stem length and root length of mung beans in Treatment 1 is 0.522
which indicates a strong and positive correlation. Also, the calculated p-value (0.003) is less than
the significance level at 0.05. This implies that the correlation between the stem length and root
length of mung beans in Treatment 1 is statistically significant.
TABLE 12. Pearson Correlation Coefficient on the stem length and root length of mung beans in
Treatment 2.
Stem Length Root Length
Stem Length Pearson's r —
p-value —
Root Length Pearson's r 0.720 —
p-value < .001 —
Pearson's Correlation Coefficient is the test statistics used to assess the association or
statistical relationship two continuous variables. In Pearson’s, the closer the calculated Pearson’s
r is to 1, the stronger the correlation between the variables. Based on table 12, the calculated
Pearson’s r between the stem length and root length of mung beans in Treatment 2 is 0.720
which indicates a strong and positive correlation. Also, the calculated p-value (<.001) is less than
the significance level at 0.05. This implies that the correlation between the stem length and root
length of mung beans in Treatment 2 is statistically significant.
TABLE 13. Pearson Correlation Coefficient on the stem length and root length of mung beans in
Treatment 3.
Stem Length Root Length
Stem Length Pearson's r —
p-value —
Root Length Pearson's r 0.276 —
p-value 0.140 —
Pearson's Correlation Coefficient is the test statistics used to assess the association or
statistical relationship two continuous variables. In Pearson’s, the closer the calculated Pearson’s
r is to 1, the stronger the correlation between the variables. Based on table 13, the calculated
Pearson’s r between the stem length and root length of mung beans in Treatment 3 is 0.276
which indicates a weak and positive correlation. Also, the calculated p-value (0.140) is greater
than the significance level at 0.05. This implies that the correlation between the stem length and
root length of mung beans in Treatment 1 is not statistically significant.
DISCUSSION
The mung bean experiment was carried out for nine (9) days. As a result of this
experiment, the researchers began to look into and evaluate how environmental elements such as
light, water, oxygen, and an acceptable temperature affect the growth of mung beans.
Respectively, treatment contains of three trials of ten mung beans each, for a total of thirty mung
beans. Mung beans were planted and given time to grow under enough sunlight for Treatment 1.
Low sunlight was applied to develop Treatment 2 and very little to no sunlight was applied to
develop Treatment 3. The researchers assessed the root and stem lengths after studying the Mung
Bean seeds regularly for any physical changes.
On Day 1, the mung beans began to form a little root and stem. When grown in sufficient
sunlight, they were able to sprout instantly. Days later, when all of the treatments had already
expanded the size of their small leaves and stems, Treatments 2 and 3 started to dominate
Treatment 1. The Mung Beans under Treatment 1 were seen to be healthier because they had
more leaves, a greener color, and stronger stems when the root and stem lengths were measured
on the ninth day. Of the three studies, Treatment 1 was the shortest. Mung beans in Treatment 2
appear to be in good condition since they are taller than those in Treatment 1 and have vivid
green color and firm stems. The longest, thinnest stems, greatest average height, and little to no
sunshine were observed in Treatment 3. Additionally, they have yellow-green color leaves.
These findings show that the seedlings spent all of their energy searching for a source of energy
that would persist for a long time which demonstrates why they developed longer in the little to
no sunlight. According to (Jamhari, 2018), the light, in addition to salinity or salt stress,
influences mung bean development. When mung beans planted in the dark or on a medium
without a light source, they germinated more frequently than planting in the same conditions but
with some light and a light source. Seedlings grown in indirect sunlight outperformed those
grown in a dark environment in their potential to develop quickly. Compared to other seeds,
seedlings grown in a light environment developed the slowest. This supports the notion that
auxin influences plant development (growth plant regulator). Auxin would not work (would be
destroyed) if exposed to sunlight. As a result, seeds grown in direct sunlight develop slowly,
whereas seeds grown in indirect light develop quickly. Seedlings exposed to indirect sunlight
will be attracted to the light source. This occurs because parts of plants that are not influenced by
sunlight grow much faster than those that are. The plant develops luffs in the direction of light
absorption. Many plants depend primarily on sunlight for photosynthesis. However, sunshine
also inhibits plant cell development. Growth affected by sunlight will be slower than growth
driven by darkness. This process is known as etiolation. Auxin is produced in the absence of
light and is predominantly found in meristematic cells, such as those at the ends of roots and
shoots. As a result, plants will grow faster. Auxin production is reduced in plants that are
consistently exposed to light.
In conclusion, our findings show that light has a significant impact on how well mung
beans germinate. Plants need light for good development and growth as photosynthesis, which is
associated with sunlight. It also generates energy for efficient seed germination and growth.
Some seeds, however, did not grow or sprout. The length of the sprouting Mung bean stem and
root is strongly influenced by moisture, lighting, oxygen, and air temperature. The growth of
mung bean seeds is affected by sunlight. Different lighting conditions can affect how the Mung
beans are arranged. Changes in light types and amounts have been found to affect seed growth
direction.
