Origin + Buddhism started in India over 2,600 years ago as a way life that had a potential of transforming a person. + Itis one of the important religions of South and South-Eastern Asian countries. * The religion is based upon the teachings, life experiences of its founder Siddhartha Gautam, born in circa 563 BCE + ana H ataer oat Fr erate 2.e0c0 Ura Tee UH US chat & Bo A Es ett fart wn cafe at aget Fr arta eff) + ae afer ste afaror-get efreng Veit & agcaget eat a a ua eI + ag et caret 563 Sar os H ter ge se eas aurel ata Fr Rransit, staat & srqprat ot arenfta &+ He was born into royal family of Sakya clan who ruled from Kapilvastu, in Lumbini which is situated near the Indo-Nepal Border. + At the age of 29, Gautama left home and rejected his life of riches and embraced a lifestyle of asceticism, or extreme self-discipline. + SAT SA eres ae & eel GRaK 7 Sg ea ice =i e) > are feat ofaett A atoracd B erset 29 af ft ang A, ee es ay fear atk vem, ar seattle aica-seemrat Ft staat set ar arg+ After 49 consecutive days of meditation, Gautama attained Bodhi (enlightenment) under a pipal tree at Bodhgaya a village in Bihar. + Buddha gave his first sermon in the village of Sarnath, near the city of Benares in UP. This event is known as Dharma-Chakra-Pravartana (turning of the wheel of law). + aman 49 at & cart & ae, aaa a eR & aera aa A ws tot & Os & aft aft (art) orea fra JEU A HATA WAT SIAM SAT VM H GANA WX H WH ARAN aa 7 io a 38 Ucar ay telap-sada (eat & ofea ar yan) & Ba Set Sar Sl+ He died at the age of 80 in 483 BCE at a place called Kushinagara a town in UP. The event is known as Mahaparinibban. + Setar agit co ae Hr ary A ues Sa GF A See veer & Helle aH EIT We EH a 3a wear st Header & art Y set Sar FI+ The main teachings of Buddhism are encapsulated in the basic concept of four noble truths or ariya-sachchani and eightfold path or astangika marg. + alae ent Fr ea Rant ae Aer Her aT siftar-aeatt sie archaea ah ar arscifatenr art Fr ae saunon FH waniea eI+ Four noble truths: * Suffering (dukkha) is the essence of the world. + Every suffering has a cause - Samudya. * Suffering could be extinguished - Nirodha. + It can be achieved by following the astangika marg(Eight Fold Path). + Se (GS) FAN HT AR eI +R GW A Uh HRT slat & - HARI + oe wr are ef aera BRT + So ascii AMT (3S Far Fe) HT Teer HLH TCT FAT ST BHAT SIEight Fold Paths: the path consists of various interconnected activitid to knowledge, conduct, and meditative practices. Right view Right intention Right speech Right action Right livelihood Right mindfulness Right effort Right concentrationBuddha also established code of conduct both for the monastic order and the laymen to follow which are also known as the Five Precepts or Pancasil and refrain from them. Violence stealing sexual misconduct lying or gossip taking intoxicating substances e.g. drugs or drinkMajor Buddhist Texts + The Buddha's teaching was oral. He taught for 45 years, adapting the teaching to suit the group he was addressing. + The Sangha memorized the teachings, and there were group recitations at festivals and special occasions. + The teachings were rehearsed and authenticated at the First Council and were divided in Three Pitakas in 483 BC. + His teachings were written down around 25 B.C.E. in PaliThree Pitakas + The Vinaya Pitaka consists of rules of conduct and discipline applicable to the monastic life of the monks and nuns + The Sutta Pitaka consists of the main teaching or Dhamma of Buddha. + aera Pica A feist sit aeit & Hoare sfaet ox ary TROT SIT saereet & fersar enfater BI aa Rew A geu Fr aes an ar ary entrar g1* The Abhidamma Pitaka is a philosophical analysis and systematization of the teaching and the scholarly activity of the monks. + Other important Buddhist texts include Divyavadana, Dipavamsa, Mahavamsa, Milind Panha etc. + aHftera: fea Preys Fr en sie faqaarget afafater ar war areffetay farctaor sit caaferaaet 31 + Het Fecal atau aut A feearaara, dade, Herder, ffs seer arf afte eI+ The Abhidamma Pitaka is a philosophical analysis and systematization of the teaching and the scholarly activity of the monks. + Other important Buddhist texts include Divyavadana, Dipavamsa, Mahavamsa, Milind Panha etc. + aHfterra: flea Preys Fr en sie faqaarget afafater ar war arefferay farcteor sit caaferaaet 31 + Hee Aecapel atau aut A feearaara, drrder, Herder, ffs seer arf afte é1Buddhist Councils" ee \ + In total, 4 major Byddhist councils were convenedFirst Council + Itwas held soon after the Mahaparinirvan of the Buddha, around 483 BC under the patronage of King Ajatshatru and was presided by Mahakasyapa, a monk. + The council was held in the Sattapani cave at Rajgriha. + The council was held with the purpose of preserving Buddha's teachings (Sutta) and rules for disciples. During this council, the teachings of Buddha were divided into three PitakasSecond Council + Itwas held in Vaishali, a village in Bihar under the patronage of the king Kalasoka in 383 BC. It was presided by Sabakami + ae 383 Sar od A Ton aren & Aart F faen & ua aia dene areas far ara ar) saht seaarar Taare a FAT Qs \Third Council + It was held in 250 BC in Patliputra under the patronage of Ashoka and was presided by Moggaliputta Tissa. + ae 250 Sar ya A gels & ear A oreferga A siesta Far ara ar te sacht areaerar Ateareiige forear at ar IForth Council + Itwas held in 72 AD at Kundalvana, Kashmir. It was presided by Vasumitra, while Asvaghosa was his deputy under the patronage of King Kanishka of Kushan Empire. + Buddhism was divided into two sects namely Mahayan and Hinayan. + Ue 72 Seat F Hei & Ssoaat A grater far aver em) sasr xezerat ayia at Fr ef, “Saf seaehe wey Bransr H ToT HireH a eet FT sak Bet I dey eet agra 3k deat are et avert A Penis aiMahayana: + Itis one of the two main schools of Buddhism. + The term Mahayana is a Sanskrit word which literally means "Great Vehicle". + It believes in the heavenliness of Buddha and Idol worship of Buddha and Bodhisattvas embodying Buddha Nature. + It originated in northern India and Kashmir and then spread east into Central Asia, East Asia and some areas of Southeast Asia + Buddhist schools embedded in China, Korea, Tibet and Japan belong to the Mahayana tradition.Hinayana + Literally Lesser vehiclealso known as Abandoned Vehicle or Defective vehicle. It believes in the original teaching of Buddha or Doctrine of elders. + It does not believe in Idol worship and tries to attain individual salvation through self discipline and meditation. + aede: wa ares, BA oReaea ater ar ateel aed & wo F aft Star arat &1 ae gqu A ae Ren a ast Petia AF eae ae FI + ag aft Gor F faeara at aan & atk anes srepereer SN caret areas & cafeaara Alar wea ay aT Tare aT BIVajrayana + Vajrayana means “The Vehicle of the Thunderbolt”, also known as tantric Buddhism. + This Buddhist school developed in India around 900 CE. + Itis grounded on esoteric elements and very complex set of rituals compared with the rest of the Buddhist schools. + caer wT et 8 "aa aT area", FS aire alee et sft wer star ZI + ag aay ep aA FH ovat 900 Hig A fewer Fa! +a art atau eeat Ft Gear Hag acct HN steer & aga afer Be W& Hen FISpread of Buddhism + Buddha had two kinds of disciples - monks (bhikshus) and lay worshippers (upasikas). + The monks were organized into the Sangha for the purpose of spreading his teachings. + The Sangha was governed on democratic lines and was empowered to enforce discipline among its members. + Feu H Mt wat & Area a - Hey (fay) six sonra (sorfFan)! + Praysit wr sorht Ransit & wae & seger S da A dais fear aa em + Be ctencifter aot oe enh ar ste soe Wael a Arr sep SI, ater & fee AMAT ATI+ For 200 years Buddhism remained overshadowed by their Hindu counterparts until the advent of Great Mauryan King - Ashoka. + After the bloodbath in his Kalinga conquest, emperor Ashoka decided to give up the policy of worldly conquest and adopted Dhamma conquest. + Ashoka during the third Buddhist council dispatched various Buddhist missions to different areas such as Gandhara, Kashmir, Greece, Sri Lanka, Burma (Myanmar), Egypt, and Thailand. + Through his missionary effort Ashoka spread Buddhism into West Asia and Ceylon. Thus a local religious sect was transformed into a world religionContribution of Buddhism to Indian Culture + The concept of ahimsa was its chief contribution. Later, it became one of the cherished values of our nation. * Its contribution to the art and architecture of India was notable. The stupas at Sanchi, Bharhut and Gaya are wonderful pieces of architecture. + It promoted education through residential universities like those at Taxila, Nalanda and Vikramasila. + The language of Pali and other local languages developed through the teachings of Buddhism. + Ithad also promoted the spread of Indian culture to other parts of Asia.UNESCO’s heritage sites relate Buddhism: + Archaeological Site of Nalanda Mahavihara at Nalanda, Bihar + Buddhist Monuments at Sanchi, MP + Mahabodhi Temple Complex at Bodh Gaya, Bihar + Ajanta Caves Aurangabad, MaharashtraImportant Events in Life of Buddha, symbols af related incidents Event Symbols Incidents Birth of Gautama Buddha at Janma (Birth of Buddha) Lotus and Bull Lumbini on Vaishakh Poornima Day in Kshatriya clan. At the age of 29 years, he wanted to become a wanderer after Mahabhinishkramana nae | (TheRenunciation) Horse seeing four scenes(an old man, a sick man, a dead body, and an ascetic)Nirvana/Sambodhi ' (Enlightenment) Poche Dharmachakra Pravartana (First Sermon) Wheel ruvela At the age of 35 years, a (Bodh Gaya) under a papal tree near Niranjan (Phalgu) river, on the 49th day of meditation. At Sarnath, he gave his first sermon to his five disciples.At the age of 80 years, at Kushinagar in Uttar Pradesh in the Malla Republic. Stupa