1

VIETNAM NATIONAL STRATEGY

ON CLIMATE CHANGE

MAI VAN KHIEM

Vietnam Institute of Meteorology, Hydrology and Climate Change
 Outline

 Climate Change in Viet Nam

 Policies and Actions for Addressing CC
 National Climate Change Strategy

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2nd Mekong Climate Change Forum Siem Reap, Cambodia
 Current Status and Trend
Trend of mean annual
temperature
Over the past 50 years:
°C/thập kỷ  Annual temperature has
increased 0.5oC.

Hotter
 Sea water level has risen
about 0.2 m.
Colder

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2nd Mekong Climate Change Forum CSIRO, IMHEN, 2013 Siem Reap, Cambodia
 Current Status and Trend

• Annual mean: Increases in the

%/decad South, decreases in the North;

• Dry season: Slight change in the

wetter
North
• Rainy season: Decreases 5-10%
in the North, increases 5-20% in
the South;
drier

Change in rainfall (%) over 50 past years

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2nd Mekong Climate Change Forum CSIRO, IMHEN, 2013 Siem Reap, Cambodia
 Climate projection in 2050

• More frequent and longer heat waves over Viet Nam,

more severe in the South.
• More extreme rainfall.
Mekong River Commission 6 – 8 October 2014
2nd Mekong Climate Change Forum CSIRO, IMHEN, 2013 Siem Reap, Cambodia
 Climate projection in 2100

Annual temperature
• Low scenario (B1): 1,6 - 2,2oC
• Medium scenario (B2): 2 - 3oC
• High scenario (A1FI): 2,5 - 3,7oC
Annual rainfall
• Increase: 2 – 16%

Sea Level Rise

• Low scenario (B1): 49-64cm
• Medium scenario (B2): 57-73cm
• High scenario (A1FI): 78-95cm
Mekong River Commission 6 – 8 October 2014
(Sea Level Rise 1m)
2nd Mekong Climate Change Forum IMHEN, 2012 Siem Reap, Cambodia
 If sea level rise 1 m:
• 39% of area will AnGiang 2.2%
BacLieu 45.7%
be inundated BenTre 33.3%
• 35% population is CaMau 55.9%
directly affected CanTho 19.0%
DongThap 4.8%
VinhLong 15.6%
TraVinh 27.8%
SocTrang 51.2%
TienGiang 30.3%
LongAn 28.5%
Sea Level Rise KienGiang 74.8%
Mekong River Commission HauGiang 79.4%
6 – 8 October 2014
2nd Mekong Climate Change Forum Siem Reap, Cambodia
 Vietnam's Policies and Actions for
Addressing CC
 Joined and ratified UNFCCC and Kyoto Protocol;
1992/1998
 Set up Standing Office of Vietnam National Steering
Committee for UNFCCC and KP;
 Set up Designated National Authority (DNC);
 National Target Programme to Respond to Climate
Change (NTP-RCC) – December 2008;
 Support Programme to Respond to CC (2009)
 MONRE developed Vietnam Climate and Sea Level
Rise Change Scenarios (2009 and 2012);
 National Climate Change Strategy approved by
Prime Minister on 05/12/2011 at No. 2139/QD-TTg.
 National Action Plan to Respond to CC for 2012 –
2020 has been released, (Decision 1474/QĐ-TTg
05/10/2012)
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 Vietnam’s National Climate Change Strategy

STRATEGIC VIEWPOINT ON CC
 considers climate change response vital to the development of
the country;
 associated with sustainable development toward a low-carbon
economy;
 adaptation and GHG emission reduction must be carried out in
parallel;
 responding to climate change is a system-wide responsibility,
led by the Government;

Mekong River Commission 6 – 8 October 2014

2nd Mekong Climate Change Forum Siem Reap, Cambodia
 Vietnam’s National Climate Change Strategy

 Objectives:
 Sustainable utilization of national resources;
 Carry out adaptation measures and GHG emission reduction;
 Safeguard people’s life and properties;
 Ensure the sustainable development goals.
 Strengthen human and natural system resilience to climate
change;
 Develop the low-carbon economy to protect and enhance
quality of life;
 Ensure national security and sustainable development in the
light of climate change and join forces with international
community to protect the global climate system.

Mekong River Commission 6 – 8 October 2014

2nd Mekong Climate Change Forum Siem Reap, Cambodia
 Vietnam’s National Climate Change Strategy

TASK 1. ACTIVELY RESPOND TO NATURAL DISASTERS AND MONITOR

CLIMATE CHANGE IMPACTS
a. Early warning;
 Construct and operate effective climate change monitoring systems;
 Modernise monitoring systems and forecasting technology;
 Expand and strengthen meteorological and hydrological monitoring
systems;
b. Mitigate natural disasters risks
 Review development plans and construction standard;
 Promote the "four-spot" principles and strengthen natural disaster
mitigation capacity;
 Research and implement specific measures for effective prevention of
natural disasters;

Mekong River Commission 6 – 8 October 2014

2nd Mekong Climate Change Forum Siem Reap, Cambodia
Vietnam’s National Climate Change Strategy

TASK 2. ENSURE FOOD SECURITY AND WATER

RESOURCES
a.Food security;
 Maintain sustainable land for
agricultural cultivation;
 Research and implement effective
agriculture and husbandry schemes;
 Research, develop and apply
biotechnology, advanced
manufacturing process towards a
modern agricultural system;
 ….

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2nd Mekong Climate Change Forum Siem Reap, Cambodia
 Vietnam’s National Climate Change Strategy

TASK 2. ENSURE FOOD SECURITY AND WATER

RESOURCES
b. Water resources;
 Develop database for use and change of
water resources;
 Strengthen international cooperation;
 Develop integrated planning for water
resources in all regions and major river
basins;
 Upgrade and construct irrigation system,
hydropower plants, and river dikes;
 Implement capacity building for water
resource management.
 ….
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2nd Mekong Climate Change Forum Siem Reap, Cambodia
 Vietnam’s National Climate Change Strategy

TASK 3. ACTIVELY ADAPT TO SEA LEVEL RISE IN VULNERABLE AREAS

 Assess and forecast the impacts and vulnerability level to sea
level rise;
 Develop master plan for socio-economic development to
adapt to climate change;
 Develop protection measures for islands to cope with climate
change, particularly sea level rise;
 Develop spatial planning and technical infrastructure for
residential areas to cope with climate change;
 Assess and develop livelihoods and production process to
cope with climate change and sea level rise.

Mekong River Commission 6 – 8 October 2014

2nd Mekong Climate Change Forum Siem Reap, Cambodia
 Vietnam’s National Climate Change Strategy

 Task 4: Protection and Sustainable Development of Forest,

Increasing Carbon Removals and Biodiversity Conservation
 Task 5: GHG Emission Reduction to Protect Global Climate
System
 Task 6: Strengthen the leading role of the Government in
responding to climate change
 Task 7: Develop effective community response to climate
change
 Task 8: Develop scientific and technological advances to
respond to climate change
 Task 9: Enhance international cooperation and improve national
position in negotiations on climate change
 Tasks 10: Diversify financial resources and investments on CC

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2nd Mekong Climate Change Forum Siem Reap, Cambodia
 STRATEGIC PHASES of NCCS

 Until 2012: Imperative, non-delayable adaptation. Under current

complicated international negotiation progress, emphasis to be put on
capacity building science and technology, adjustment and development of
green growth mechanisms, climate change adaptation and GHG
mitigation policies in line with the international situation, which will be
clearer after 2012.
 2013 – 2025: Aiming to be a modern industrialised country, it is likely that
after 2025 that Vietnam has to focus on GHG emission reduction to
protect the earth’s climate system. Climate change adaptation and GHG
emission reduction must be carried out in parallel, in association with
socio-economic development actives.
 2026 – 2050: With Vietnam being an industrialised country, GHG
emission reduction will become criteria of the socio-economic
development processes. The strategic tasks will be reviewed and
adjusted to ensure the low-carbon economy and resilience to climate
change impacts.

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2nd Mekong Climate Change Forum Siem Reap, Cambodia
 PRIORITY PROGRAMMES of NCCS
1) The National Target Programme to Respond to CC, development of
extended plan for 2016-2025;
2) The National Scientific Programme on CC;
3) The Hydrometeorological Observation Network and Forecasting
Technology Modernisation Programme by 2020;
4) The water resources management and CC adaptation programmes for
Mekong and Red River Deltas;
5) The GHG emission inventory, reduction and management of emission
reduction activities;
6) The CC response programme in megacities;
7) Sea dyke and river embankment upgrade and reinforcement program
under CC and SLR conditions.
8) Public healthcare improvement program in the CC and SLR conditions.
9) Socio-economic development program in inhabited island to cope with CC
and SLR.
10) Pilot program for community’s response to CC with an aim for further
expansion.
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 Challenges

 Little understanding of climate change;

 Weak institutional system for climate change issues;
 Struggle to form low-carbon economy;
 Private sector engagement and co-benefit sharing remain
limited;
 Policy development and mainstreaming into SEDP
remains slow and weak;
 Limited technology and experience.

Mekong River Commission 6 – 8 October 2014

2nd Mekong Climate Change Forum Siem Reap, Cambodia
 Conclusions
 Climate change is real and seriously affecting Vietnam;
 Climate change is top priority for Vietnam;
 Socio-economic development cannot be separated from
responding to climate change;
 Experiences to respond are available and embedded in
communities;
 Potential to learn and apply international experience;
 National sustainable development can be achieved if
responding smartly and effectively.

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20

Thank you
 National Climate Change Strategy

TASK 4. PROTECTION AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF FOREST,

INCREASING CARBON REMOVALS AND BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION
 Accelerate the progress of afforestation and reformation projects,
encourage the business sector to invest in economic forestation.
 Protect biodiversity, especially resilient ecosystems and species to
climate change; conserve the gene pools and protect highly
endangered species by climate change.
 Develop and implement protection and sustainable management of
existing natural, special-use and production forest areas.
 Promote green urban and residential areas.
 Institutionalise the communication of participatory approaches.
 Build capacity and increase efficiency of the evaluation, forecast,
prevention and monitoring and emergency response to forest fires.

Mekong River Commission 6 – 8 October 2014

2nd Mekong Climate Change Forum Siem Reap, Cambodia
 National Climate Change Strategy

TASK 5. GREEN HOUSE GAS EMISSION REDUCTION TO PROTECT GLOBAL

CLIMATE SYSTEM
 a) Development of new and renewable energies
 Review the planning of multipurpose hydropower
development; by 2020: total capacity of hydropower plants
reaches 20,000-22,000 MW.
 Increase research and development of renewable and new
energy generation technologies, include wind, solar, tide,
geothermal, biofuels and cosmic energies; develop policies to
encourage stakeholders’ participation in the promotion of
renewable energy use.
 Increase the share of new and renewable energies by 5% of
the total commercial primary energies by 2020 and 11% by
2050.
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2nd Mekong Climate Change Forum Siem Reap, Cambodia
 National Climate Change Strategy

TASK 5. GREEN HOUSE GAS EMISSION REDUCTION TO PROTECT GLOBAL

CLIMATE SYSTEM
 b) Energy saving and efficiency
 Restructure the economy toward reducing energy-intensive
industries and create incentives for sectors to reduce energy
consumption.
 Develop and implement incentive policies for energy efficiency in
economic sectors.
 Research, develop and apply energy-efficient, fossil fuel-free, low-
emission technologies, equipment and products.
 Study to develop an appropriate price system for efficient use of
energy and encourage new and renewable energy development.
 Apply advanced technologies to increasing electricity generation
efficiency and reduce GHG emission.
 …
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2nd Mekong Climate Change Forum Siem Reap, Cambodia
Goal and Objectives

Overall goal: GG & LCE will become the mainstream of sustainable

economic development & strengthen social economic development

Objective 1: Objective 2:
Objective 3:
Restructure the Assess and promote
Improve the
economy and the use of high
quality through
increase technology
green
competiveness development to
employment,
through increase efficiency
sustainable
efficient use of in natural resource
lifestyles, green
resources and use, reduce GHG
infrastructure/bu
address intensity
ilding and
environmental of the economy and
restored natural
degradation respond to climate
capital
change

Mekong River Commission 6 – 8 October 2014

2nd Mekong Climate Change Forum Siem Reap, Cambodia
Targets of Green Growth Strategy
2020 2030 2050

 GDP per capita doubled compared  Reduce total GHG Green Economic
to 2010; emissions at least 2% per Development is
 Reduced energy consumption per year; mainstreamed
GDP by 1.5 to 2% per year;  Env’ degradation
 Establish modern economic addressed and natural
structures; capital improved while
 Reduce intensity of GHG emissions improved basic standards for
by 8‐10%; clean and green technology
 Improve the efficiency of using established
natural resources;
 Address env’ degradation;
 Gradually creating the conditions
to switch to a green economy and
develop a sustainable developing
and stable country.

Mekong River Commission 6 – 8 October 2014

2nd Mekong Climate Change Forum Siem Reap, Cambodia