The Effects of Procrastination to the

Academic Performance of

Grade 11 Students

A Research Study Presented to the Faculty of the Senior High School Department of Ubay

National High School Ubay, Labason, Zamboanga del Norte

In Partial Fulfilment of the Requirements in

Practical Research and Inquires,

Investigations and Immersion (31)

By:

Rhenzl Paul E. Digamon

France Kate Pando

June, 2023
 Chapter I

The Problem and its Background

Introduction

As the world continues to progress towards the modern technological era, most students

are becoming addicted and more reliant on their smartphones and gadgets. Students would spend

most of their time scrolling through social media and playing online games instead of doing their

homework or preparing for their upcoming exams. Due to this, many students are struggling in

managing their time for their studies, which will slowly lead them to Procrastination.

Procrastination is something that most students have experienced in their studies. Laeus (

2015) explains that the procrastination is avoidance of doing a task that needs to be

accomplished. He further states that procrastinate is the process of doing more pleasurable things

in place of less pleasurable ones, or carrying out less urgent tasks instead of more urgent ones,

thus putting off impending tasks to a later time.

Frequent procrastination may affect the performance of the students in their studies. Thus

the researchers wanted to find out what are the effects of procrastination on the student’s

academic performance.
Conceptual Framework

Figure 1. Presents the relationship of the Independent Variable and Dependent Variable.

Independent Variable Dependent Variable

Student’s Academic
Procrastination
Performance

Figure 1. Schema of the Study

Figure 1. Shows the relationship between the Independent Variable and Dependent Variable of

the study “The Effects of Procrastination to the Student’s Academic Performance”.

Statement of the Problem

The purpose of this study is to examine how procrastination affects the academic

performance of Grade 11 students of Ubay NHS.. The study aims to provide answers to the

following questions:

a. Is there any significant relationship between procrastination and the student’s academic

performance?

b. What are the effects of procrastination on the student’s academic performance?

Significance of the Study

This study focuses on what may be the effects of procrastination on the academic

performance of the students of Ubay National High School. Moreover, the results of the study

will be beneficial to the following:

The Respondents - Respondents will become more aware of the effects of procrastination on

their academic performance. This study may help them decide whether to continue or stop

procrastinating.

The School - The study's findings can add to the body of knowledge that the school can use for

future references.

The Future Researchers - The findings of the study will serve as a reference material and a guide

for future researchers who wish to conduct the same study related to the effects of

procrastination on the academic performances of the students.

Students: This will help them have a better understanding of what the situation is when it

comes to handling priorities and tasks. They can use this as a tool to assess themselves, and

help others like them, after reading this paper.

Scope and Limitations

 This study will be conducted at Ubay National High School located at Ubay, Labason

Zamboanga del Norte. The research participants are the Grade 11 students of Ubay NHS.

The study will only discuss the perception and opinion of the selected senior high

students enrolled in Ubay National High School. It will not include the perception of the junior

high students, faculty, or even the school administration and its staff. The study will only focus

on the subject which is procrastination, specifically “Academic Procrastination”.

Definition of Terms

Academic Performance – refers to how successful is the student in meeting the short time and

long-term goals in education.

Procrastination – the act of postponing a task that can be done immediately.

Academic procrastination – the act when students postpone completion of activities, projects,

and assignments unnecessarily.

Chapter II
 Review of Related Literature

This section contains the related literatures and studies which are significant in

consideration. Their statements, findings and conclusions indicate their influence and relevance

to the present study.

Academic procrastination has become a significant challenge for students all over the

world. Procrastination can be defined as the failure to start or complete a task effectively and

efficiently (Steel, 2018). Academic procrastination involves postponing academic work and

assignments despite the negative consequences of such actions, such as poor academic

performance and psychological distress (Ferrari, 2017).

Several studies have shown that academic procrastination is a widespread issue among

students. According to various estimates, between half and 90 % of college and university

students prone to this behavior and the prevalence of this phenomenon rises (Chehrzad et al.,

2017). A study by Steel and Klingsieck (2016) revealed that approximately 80-95% of students

procrastinate to some degree. Similarly, a study conducted by Rabin and colleagues (2017) found

that 60% of the participants reported some form of procrastination in their academic work.

Academic procrastination has negative consequences on students' academic performance,

psychological well-being, and social life. Students who procrastinate face high levels of stress,

anxiety, and guilt, which can lead to depression and other mental health issues (Vandewalle,

Moons, & Van den Bossche, 2018). They also perform poorly on exams, submit poorly

researched assignments, and miss deadlines, leading to decreased grades. This finding was

further supported by a recent study by (Maher and Phelps, 2020), which revealed that students
who procrastinated performed poorly in exams compared to non-procrastinating students.

Additionally, academic procrastination can affect students' social life, leading to isolation and

reduced opportunities for networking and student activities (Su, Li, & Pu, 2021).

Various factors have been identified in previous research as contributing to academic

procrastination. One of the most common causes of procrastination is poor time management

skills, which can lead to students feeling overwhelmed by the amount of work they need to

complete (Zahra & Ali, 2018). Another factor is lack of motivation, which can cause students to

delay starting their work, or abandon it altogether (Tuckman & Hinkle, 2018).In addition, several

personality traits have been linked to academic procrastination. Moreover, individuals who are

prone to anxiety or who are easily distracted are also more likely to procrastinate (Sirois &

Pychyl, 2018).

In conclusion, academic procrastination is a severe problem among students that affects

their academic performance and psychological well-being. It is caused by various factors such as

lack of motivation, poor time management, anxiety, and fear of failure. Therefore, future

research is essential to develop a comprehensive understanding of academic procrastination and

to develop new strategies that can help in reducing procrastination and improving academic

performance.
 CHAPTER III

Methodology

This chapter of the study shows the research design, research participants, locale of the

study, instruments in data gathering, and the procedure to be used by the study.

Research Design

For this study, a quantitative research design will be used to determine the effects of

procrastination on grade 11 student's academic performance. A survey questionnaire will be

utilized as a tool to gather data from the participants.

Research Participants

The participants of this study were selected based on the following criteria: the

respondents should be Senior High Grade 11 Students of Ubay NHS from the 6 different strands

(HUMSS; Humanities and Social Sciences, STEM: Science, Technology, Engineering &

Mathematics, ABM: Accountancy, Business & Management, ICT: Information &

Communication Technology, SMAW; Shielded Metal Arc Wielding, and Automotive Servicing)

with 4 respondents each from each strand, two (2) males and two (2) females.

Locale of the Study

The study will be conducted in Ubay National High School, a public school in the

municipality of Labason, located in the province of Zamboanga del Norte.

Instruments in Gathering Data

The research instrument used to conduct this study is survey questionnaires. The

questionnaire is composed of two (2) parts: First, is where the researchers obtained the profile of

the selected respondents where they are grouped according to age, gender, and their academic

strand. The second part was the set of questions that is required to be answered by the

respondents to collect the data needed by the researchers for this study. The questionnaire will

contain the following questions:

1. How often do you procrastinate in completing your schoolwork?

a. Never b. Rarely c. Sometimes d. Often e. Almost always

2. Do you think procrastination affects your ability to complete schoolwork on time?

a. Strongly disagree b. Disagree c. Neutral d. Agree e. Strongly agree

3. How much time do you spend procrastinating instead of doing schoolwork?

a. Less than 15 minutes b. 15-30 minutes c. 30 minutes to 1 hour d. 1-2 hours e. More than 2

hours

4. Does procrastination affect the quality of your work?

a. Strongly disagree b. Disagree c. Neutral d. Agree e. Strongly agree

5. How often do you feel stressed or anxious about completing schoolwork due to

procrastination?

a. Never b. Rarely c. Sometimes d. Often e. Almost always

6. Does procrastination affect your grades negatively?

a. Strongly disagree b. Disagree c. Neutral d. Agree e. Strongly agree

7. How often do you receive low grades on assignments because of procrastination?

a. Never b. Rarely c. Sometimes d. Often e. Almost always

8. Do you think you would perform better academically if you did not procrastinate?

a. Strongly disagree b. Disagree c. Neutral d. Agree e. Strongly agree

9. Have you tried to avoid procrastination?

a. Yes b. No

10. If yes, what strategies have you found effective in avoiding procrastination?

a. Creating a schedule or to-do list b. Setting goals and deadlines

c. Breaking up tasks into smaller parts d. Starting with the hardest task first e. Eliminating

distractions

11. If no, why have you not tried to avoid procrastination?

a. I do not think it affects me negatively b. I do not know where to start

c. I do not see the benefit e. others

Procedure of the Study

A. Sampling Procedure

The sampling technique that will be used in the study is purposive sampling. Purposive

sampling will be used since the researcher needs to select students in particular strands, not just

any student. The sample size will be determined by selecting four (4) participants per strand, two

(2) males and two (2) females.

B. Data Collection

Data will be collected by administering the self-report questionnaire to the selected

students. The questionnaire will be distributed during lunch break or their free time, and the

students will be informed about the purpose of the study and the confidentiality of their

responses. The researcher will also explain to the students how to respond to the questionnaire.

C. Plan of Data Analysis

The data gathered from the respondents will be analyzed using appropriate techniques

such as descriptive statistics and inferential statistics. The findings of the study will be reported

in a clear and concise manner, using tables and graphs to present the data.