FM-AA-CIA-15 Rev.
0 10-July-2020
Study Guide in (Course Code and Course Title) Module No.__
LEARNING CONTENTS
Market Integration
. Market integration is the fusing of many markets into one. Global market integration means that price
differences between countries are eliminated as all markets become one. One way to the progress of globalization
is to look at trends how prices converge or become similar across countries. The time when the costs of trading
across the country fall and that is the time the other firm will take advantage of price differences, other countries
may enter the market of the other country. Trading cost fall when new product invented or developed becomes
cheaper and also, some cost are man-made like when they impose a barriers for trade
In one market a commodity has a single price such as the price of rice would be the same in east
Pangasinan and west Pangasinan if these areas were part of the same market. If the price of rice in west
Pangasinan was higher, sellers of rice would move from the east to the west and prices would equalize. The price
of rice in one place to other might be different, though, and high transport costs and other kinds of expenses
might mean that it would be uneconomical for other sellers to move their stocks to other place if prices were
higher there. And for other markets, the price changes for a long periods of time.
Some economists argue that this process is underway and inevitable, end that global markets drive the
harmonization of institutions across countries. Consider a multinational firm choosing a country in which to locate
its factory. In order to attract the firm’s investment, a government might cut business tax rates and loosen
regulatory requirements. Other competing countries follow suit. The resulting lower tax revenues make countries
less able to finance welfare states and educational programs. All policy decisions become oriented toward
maximizing integration with global markets. No goods or services would be provided that are incompatible with
this.
*please refer in the Worktext in the Contemporary World
LEARNING ACTIVITY 1
Name: _______________________________________ Score: _________________
Course: ______________________________________ Date: __________________
Market Game
The students must bring the following:
Cartolina / Manila paper
Marker
Play money
Direction: The student will be given an exact amount of play money and they will come up with a
project/output.
PANGASINAN STATE UNIVERSITY 1
FM-AA-CIA-15 Rev. 0 10-July-2020
Study Guide in (Course Code and Course Title) Module No.__
Example:
Amount of Play Money (Php 2,496.00)
Project: Young at Heart (This project is a simple party for the Senior Citizen in Brgy. Cadre)
*please refer in the Worktext in the Contemporary World
LEARNING CONTENTS (title of the subsection)
Interstate System
. Interstate System
Most studies of war that take the interstate system as the unit of analysis begin with assumptions from
the ‘realist’ paradigm. States are seen as unitary actors, and their actions are explained in terms of structural
characteristics of the system. The most important feature of the interstate system is that it is anarchic. Unlike
politics within states, relations between states take place in a Hobbesian ‘state of nature.’ Since an anarchic
system is one in which all states constantly face actual or potential threats, their main goal is security. Security
can only be achieved in such a system by maintaining power. In realist theories, the distribution of power in the
interstate system is the main determinant of the frequency of war.
Although all realist theories agree on the importance of power distribution in determining war, they
disagree about which types of power distributions make war more likely. Balance-of-power theories (Morgenthau
1967) suggest that an equal distribution of power in the system facilitates peace and that unequal power
distributions lead to war. They argue that parity deters all states from aggression and that an unequal power
distribution will generally result in the strong using force against the weak. When one state begins to gain a
preponderance of power in the system, a coalition of weaker states will form to maintain their security by blocking
the further expansion of the powerful state. The coalitions that formed against Louis XIV, Napoleon and Hitler
seem to fit this pattern.An interstate system has been emerging in East Asia since the early 1990s. In this system
all nations are now equals. Among the member states, the economic stratification is collapsing rapidly
*please refer in the Worktext in the Contemporary World
.
LEARNING ACTIVITY 2
Name: _______________________________________ Score: _________________
Course: ______________________________________ Date: __________________
Project Chain: Link to Interconnected individual
PANGASINAN STATE UNIVERSITY 2
FM-AA-CIA-15 Rev. 0 10-July-2020
Study Guide in (Course Code and Course Title) Module No.__
Materials:
Sheets of 8 ½ x 11 green construction paper, cut into strips of 1 ½” or 2” wide and 11” long
Markers
Stapler or Glue
A. Give each student a strip of paper and a marker.
B. Write a message on the strip about a quality that makes them unique and proud of who they are as an
individual.
C. Staple (or glue) the individual strips together to make one large chain of connection. If multiple classrooms
are participating, have them link their classroom chains together to create a school-wide chain.
D. If only one group is participating, find a prominent place to hang the chain that will remind them that even
as individuals we can all come together for something we care about.
*please refer in the Worktext in the Contemporary World
SUMMARY
This economic interest also became part of a political strategy that transformed people into individual
political economic subjects. In order to establish, maintain and expand their domination the new states will make
systematic use of scientific knowledge with the aim of assessing and influencing the behavior of their subjects.
And they will do this assuming that people’s behavior is mainly motivated by interest. Government now
consciously wants to deal with the interests of individuals in order to serve its own interest. Political economics
will not only consist of observing people’s self-interested behavior, it will also promote it. The main issue in the
politics of states will be to figure out ways to anticipate what might happen in order to influence economic
expansion. The new politics will not only go together with a reflection about the interest of the state but also
implies that those in power have to think differently about their individual roles in relation to and about the way
their personal motivation fits with the
According to Smith, it was no longer a question of teaching mankind what must be done with reference
to the next world, but rather to understand what the human being actually is and what can be done in this world
with humans as they actually are. The social contract and the workings of society should be studied on the basis
of natural human (Bouchet: Adam Smith: Then & Now)
Part of the problem is that systemic theories have not incorporated causal factors at lower levels of
analysis, such as internal economic and political characteristics of states. Since the effects of system-level
factors on war are not direct but are always mediated by the internal political economy of states and the
decisions made by individual leaders, complete theories of the causes of war must include these factors as well
PANGASINAN STATE UNIVERSITY 3
FM-AA-CIA-15 Rev. 0 10-July-2020
Study Guide in (Course Code and Course Title) Module No.__
REFERENCES
Mendoza, Et.al, 2019. WORKTEXT IN THE CONTEMPORARY WORLD. Nieme Publishing House. Co.Ltd.
Interstate System Retrieved from https://www.mbaskool.com/business-concepts/operations-logistics-supply-
chain-terms/15475-interstate-system.html, April 2019.
E. Kiser, in International Encyclopedia of the Social & Behavioral Sciences, 2001
Edgar Kiser, in International Encyclopedia of the Social & Behavioral Sciences (Second Edition), 2015
S. Sassen, in International Encyclopedia of the Social & Behavioral Sciences, 2001
Saskia Sassen, in International Encyclopedia of the Social & Behavioral Sciences (Second Edition), 2015
PANGASINAN STATE UNIVERSITY 4
