eet Mee pee Ce a © asad ec Re ne ewe 4 Beet) 5 2 Bee (EA!BEGE / ESS HMR / AAS WRIT ik BE MUCSSRRAGSWANS Roleed ( (ZiT) SENS BNR S WS ACK, SHREFENBSR, SRAM NNEA, WSAKERAR It, OR, BRAWN RBS WAAR EES! ede sua cd: See BO (CEFR RBA ) PEFR, PRR, Bt ERATE Di, BERSIUMIE AAR eRS SIA, RBs AWA. RETR. Pesce heat JF PETIT. RAR TAN, RE aCe, TEAS, BCPA ER, BULA SR A RETIN. ple spare 2 ul cieg tae AER. FAIR, AS WANRHTEROCR, PABA PILSEN TEATS, HERAT, PERAMONIGED, HGRA SCRE, HEE FUERARME, OME. RAIA LAT. 9 7875441635 165'> wv set: 35.00 7 SD nC P|What do you do when you come across a new word in your reading? You take a guess, and then read on, because you expect the writer to give you some clues to the meaning of the new word. Actually, the meanings of many words will be clear from the context — the words or sentences before or after the item you do not know. You can figure out the meaning of an unfamiliar word by looking for clues provided by the context. For example, if you do not know the word “context” but have finished reading the previous sentence, you will have comprehended well enough what it means: “the words or sentences before or after the item you do not know.” The context sometimes provides definition clues. Consider: “Linguistics, the scientific study of language, is very important for language students.” Notice the italicized word is clearly defined. Besides the formal definition, the writer may also give explanation after such punctuation marks as comma (,), dash (—) or parentheses IC J]. Consider: “Some good readers find it helpful to use their sense to visualize — or picture — what they read.” Using information provided in the context, you would have some idea of the meaning of the italicized word “visualize”: “to form a picture of something in the mind.” The context sometimes gives example clues. Consider: “Like horses, human beings have a variety of gaits: they amble, stride, jog, and sprint.” Notice several ‘examples are given to shed light on the meaning of the italicized word “gait”: “a way of walking.” In sentences with example clues, the examples are usually signaled by certain words or phrases like such as, including, for example, for instance, or to illustrate. Consider: “Phobias, such as fear of height, fear of water, or fear of crowds, can be eliminated through conditioning.” With the help of the example clues given by the context, you can quite easily guess the meaning of the italicized word: “a strong, unnatural, and usually unreasonable fear.” Besides, semantic (about the meaning of words) relationships are helpful in guessing unknown words. The two common semantic relationships are class relationship and contrast relationship. By analyzing these relationships, you can infer the meaning of a word you are not familiar with. @ Class relationship. Look at the following diagram: Chinese, (A) Beijing, Shanghai, Nanjing ... (B)Here Beijing, Shanghai, Nanjing, etc. are Chinese cities. This is the same as saying they are members of the class, Chinese cities. In this class-member relationship, Chinese cities is the higher-level term; Beijing, Shanghai, Nanjing, etc. are the lower- level terms. The higher-level term (A) includes the lower-level terms (B). Now read this example: “Mr. Johnson’s paintings show his attention to geometric shapes of all kinds. The paintings contain circles, squares, triangles, pirrles, etc." Pirrles must be an unknown word for you since it does not exist. Suppose you did not know this, and came across it in your reading. If you recognize the class relationship that exists between geometric shapes and circles, squares, etc., then, without using a dictionary, you know what pirrles means — some kind of geometric shape. @ Contrast relationship. Quite often a writer creates some opposite situation by using an antonym (a word with opposite meaning), like hot and cold or left and right. Contrast relationship helps you guess unfamiliar words. Now read this example: “There was no fllip seats available, so they had to buy expensive ones.” The word filip in fact does not exist. Suppose you did not know this, and came across it in your reading. Recognizing the contrast relationship that exists in the sentence, you may reason out the meaning of filip: It probably means “cheap” or “inexpensive.” In sentences containing contrast relationship, the following words are often used: unlike, however, while, nevertheless, despite, although, even though, and on the other hand. Although context clues are useful in discovering the meaning of an unknown word, there are some limitations to this approach, The meaning you get from the context may be vague or general. Sometimes there is too much unfamiliar language to allow you to use the context. While you do not interrupt your reading to look up new words in a dictionary, you may still want to check your guess if you find that some words are used often and seem to be important in your field. In such cases, mark the unknown words when you are reading, and look them up later.Directions: You are expected to study this section in class. Do not preview. For each italicized word, choose the best meaning below. 1 eee shall honor your father and mother” is the fifth commandment from the ible. A an interesting episode Ban old saying € an important rule 2 Acynic might think that the governor visited the hospital just to gain votes. ‘A one who doubts or has negative opinion about others B one who cannot get along with others C one who cannot face the reality 3. The school offers a variety of extracurricular activities. A homework you do after class B activities that are not part of the usual school course C interesting and difficult assignments that take extra hours 4. She's the dean of the university's business school. A the head of a college or school of a university B an outstanding professor at a university C the director of a teaching or research group at a university 5 We must all strive toward our goals. A walk with long steps B attack forcefully C try hard 6 Your computer needs regular maintenance to run smoothly. A keeping updated B keeping in good condition C keeping connected to the Internet 7 The teacher tried to involve all the children in the game. A cause someone to take part in B make good use of someone’s time and energy C attract someone's attention 8 Ma school tries to create an atmosphere conducive to learning. A rhythmic B helpful C serious AMA EEA eAas PUR e a mC dau Dear J. B. ‘As you know I am asked from time to time to talk to high school students about college and how to prepare for it. Do you think something like the following would be helpful? I’m thinking of calling it: Ten Commandments for a College Freshman, Give me your ideas about it. 1. You Shall Plan to Succeed. Does this seem as obvious as the need for a quarterback on the football team? I don’t mean hope to succeed. I mean that success in college will be much more likely if you really draw up a schedule of hours for study, work, and play. Lay out your day and your week. Get in the habit in high school. This will be the secret of getting things done in college. Il. You Shall Handle Freedom Responsibly. No one is going to tell you when to get up, go to eat, study, or go to bed, It’s amazing that so many survive, and, of course, many don’t. Freedom such as a student has at college is disastrous for that freshman who has little sense of responsibility. IL. You Shall Spread the Joy of Learning. Learning is an exciting adventure as you have already discovered in the best of your high school courses. Beware those who are “sent” to college, for they will be taking the attitude that education is the enemy of fun. Beware the cynics. They’re on every campus and their reaction runs like this, “poor food, dorm is like a jail, dull professors, why did you come here?” IV. You Shall Play Down Those Reports on Sex and Liquor. Not every co-ed takes the pill as routinely as most takes aspirin, and the extracurricular is not a perpetual beer party. Most fellows on campus are still looking for the girl they want to marry. When you read of students getting deadly drunk, remember you're getting a minority report. V. You Shall Plan to Have Fun — and Often. ‘The world of academia has two extremes. On any campus there’s the playboy who can’t get a book open or the body to the library, and there’s the bookworm who never finds a moment to enjoy himself. You should expect to study in diligence, but the bookworm leams less than the fellow who knows how to make learning the main thing and still plays with enthusiasm. PH AEBSUnit 1 University Student Life VI. You Shall Know at Least One Professor or One Dean Personally. ss Even at the risk of seeming to make yourself a bore! But much more likely you will be welcomed as a student mature enough to relate to a mature person. Invite him for coffee; he might be surprised, but he'll go and he will be delighted by the invitation, At the small college this kind of relationship should come about readily, but often it doesn’t. All the best «0 universities are striving to make it happen more often. VII. You Shall Be Concerned. But not simply with war on the other side of the world and the social causes of our day. Keep informed, and do what you think is right about these. But what about the cook, the campus maintenance crew, and the 4s night watchman? Just say, “We students appreciate you,” and someone will go through the day as though it were Christmas. Vill. You Shall Be Selective. Student government, dances, ball games, dates, movies, etc., etc.! If you make them all, you're a loser; and if you miss them all, you're aso failure. Don’t spread yourself so thin that they would never miss you if you didn’t show. But do choose a few, get involved, and get that good part of a college education which no classroom can ever provide. IX. You Shall Strive to Keep Healthy. It isn’t sin, it’s lack of sleep that ruins so many college careers. Physical ss education is required and that will get the body exercised, but there’s no requirement that you eat sensibly and keep hours conducive to vigor. You will see many students just too tired to play well or to study at all X. You Shall Forget and Remember. Take some time to sit down with yourself and recall those things of — so which you are ashamed and sorry — and then forget them. College is a new beginning. No one at college knows about that soiled baggage you've been carrying. Remember those relationships which have made life good. Asa freshman, look back at those relationships which brought lasting joy and seek them again. Life is the fine art of forgetting — and remembering. «s Well, there they are, J. B. What’s missing and what needs to be said better? If you forget them all, do remember the love of all of us here. Dad The texts adopted from “Ten Commandments fora College Freshman” (1963) in Higher Learning: Read Total words: 788 Ing and Writing about College (2 Edition) by Pati See and Bruce Taylor (New York: Prentice Hal, 2012) boas aa aes BAA :Context Clues to Word Meaning Guess what the italicized word or phrase means in each sentence. Underline the words which you think define the italicized word or phrase. The world of academia has two extremes. On any campus there’s the playboy who can’t get a book open or the body to the library, and there’s the bookworm who never finds a moment to enjoy himself. Recall those things of which you are ashamed and sorry — and then forget them. College is a new beginning. No one at college knows about that soiled baggage you've been carrying. A carrel is a small table with “walls” around three sides. This revision should be cumulative — adding a bit to the total at a time, covering briefly all the work done so far in the term. Put it in a prominent, or noticeable, place in your room, or carry it with you. According to the text, decide whether each of the following statements is True (T] or False (F) TF 1 The writer of this letter is a very stern father. no 2 One secret of succeeding in college is to plan ahead of time. 00 3. Freedom for a college student can be dangerous if not handled oo responsibly. 4 Education is the enemy of fun. oo 5 The father wants his playboy son to become a bookworm in O00 college. 6 Golleges and universities encourage the students to get to know Oo0 their professors personally. 7 A-small thing, such as giving a friendly smile to,a campus worker, 00 can be just as important as your knowledge about the big world, 8 Extracurricular activities are an important part of college education. 10 Vocabulary Building © Word Match ‘Match the following words with their definitions within each group of five words.Unit 1 University Student Life Vewna NO career * © helpful vigor * * lasting forever conducive * * energy or strength perpetual * * to strengthen consolidate * a profession or job assignment © © of living things biological © . ing effort and energy flexible = : strenuous * . master * . recreation © © a way to rest and enjoy yourself estimate © © first concern enthusiasm * * to calculate roughly priority * * great excitement for or interest in something relaxation * ® activities done for enjoyment Complete the sentences by using the words above. Change the forms if necessary. My plans are - I can change them if necessary. Iwanttohavea___—_asa teacher. ‘She has always had a lot of for her work. Today is a __ day for me. | rearranged my furniture in my bedroom. As students, we must give to our study. We should finish our home- work before we go to the movies. Such a noisy environment was not toa good night's sleep. After vacation, she returned to work with renewed _ His favorite _ are basketball and computer games. Suffixes Many verbs end with the suffix-ize. Study the examples, and then list some verbs that end with this suffix in the space provided. Add more if you can. suffix examples ize realize, organize, criticize, characterize -ize 4a ee 2s a, - 4 a Many adverbs end with the suffix ty. Study the examples, end with this suffix in the space then list some adverbs that provided. Add more if you can. suffix examples ly responsibly, really, routinely ly 1. Z 4, 5,Oo wawnea “ Fill in each of the blanks with the given word in its proper form Before playing the new game, _ yourself with the rules. (familiar) Can you how big this company will be in ten years’ time? (visual) She did not have to be so angry;!_asked her name. (mere) Don't __the situation. (ideal) | don’t know whether we still need to revise the plan; our boss is going to - it tonight. (final) Most people think that we have more natural resources than we need, but it is not true. (necessary) There are people who are Tom is a good student; all his teachers speak strong but mentally weak. (physical) __ of him. (high) Familiarize yourself with the following campus English vocabulary. Write a short passage to describe your impression of your campus life in the last few days. Use some of the words below. (academic year elective course plagiarism | -adetenment enrollment registration | attendance extracurricular regulation auditorium faculty research cafeteria freshman scholarship campus ‘graduate semester canteen gymnasium seminar classroom higher education senior | compulsory course humanities social sciences computer lab junior society counselor lecture hall sophomore credit liberal arts staff curriculum library student union dean major teaching building degree minor term paper diploma monitor tutorial discipline office hour undergraduate dormitory oral examination written test dorm mate physical educationUnit 1 University Student Life Cloze Fill in each of the blanks with a word given below. their respected 4 Many instructors believe that an informal, relaxed ' classroom environment is _1 to leaming. It is not changes i| cle uncommon for students to have easygoing and friendly = relationships with 2 professors. The casual pro- prckeasors fessor is not necessarily a poor one and is still 3 by expect students. Although students may be in a subordinate authority position, some 4 treat them as equals. However, need no matter how friendly professors would like to be, they several still are in a position of 5 his Professors may establish social relationships with students outside of the classroom, but in the classroom they keep the instructor's 6 . A professor may have coffee one day with students but the next day _7 them to meet a deadline for the submission of a paper or to be prepared for a discussion or an exam. The professor may give extra attention outside of class to a student in 8 of help but probably will not treat him or her differently when it comes to evaluating school work. Professors have _9 roles in relation to students; they may be counselors and friends as well as teachers. Students must realize that when a teacher's role 10 they must properly change their behavior and attitudes.1 Directions: The passages in this section are meant to be read through quickly. Try to finish them within 15 minutes. Do not preview. Questions 1 to 2 are based on the following passage. ‘When studying, all students need % Targe study tables B cartels C study lamps D comfortable chairs “There is not one best atmosphere for studying.” This sentence means: A There is no best atmosphere for studying. B There is not even one best atmosphere for studying. C There are different best atmospheres for studying, D None of the above. Every student needs a place to study. Some students like to study in the quiet atmosphere of a library. Most school libraries have large study tables with many chairs. They also have individual study booths called carrels. A carrel is a small table with “walls” around three sides. A carrel is for one person, so there is only one chair at each carrel. Other students prefer to study in their own rooms at home or in a dormitory. In their rooms, these students have a desk, some bookshelves, and perhaps a study lamp to provide good lighting. All students need comfortable chairs because they spend many hours sitting. Students have different ideas about the best atmosphere for studying. Some students prefer one kind of lighting, one kind of table or desk, and one kind of chair. Other students prefer a different kind of lighting and furniture. Some students listen to music or study in groups. Other students need to be alone in a quiet room. In other words, there is not one best atmosphere for studying: There is a “best” atmosphere for each individual student. Questions 3 to 4 are based on the following passage. In many courses, teachers A allow the students to participate B require the students to participate C Both A and B D Neither A nor B Ifa student does not agree with the professor ina lecture, the student is encouraged to : A remain silent B challenge the professor leave the class D tell the professor immediately that he is wrong Active participation in the classroom is not only accepted but also expected of the student in many courses. Some professors base part of the final grade on the student’s oral participation. Although there are formal lectures during which the student has a passive role (i.e., listening and taking notes), many courses are organized around classroom discussions, student questions, and informal lectures. A professor’s teaching style is another factor that determines the degree and type of student participation. Some professors prefer to control discussion while others prefer to guide the class without controlling it. Many professors encourage students to question and challenge their ideas. Students who make statements that contradict the professor's point of view should be prepared to prove their positions.Questions 5 Ifa professor believes in the “honor system,” it implies his A. suspicion Of the students B distrust of the students trust in the students D pride in the students Violations of the honor system do not include X cheating 8 failing a course C sharing answers D handing in homework done by another student Questions 7 As a university student, you are expected to stay in school all day go anywhere you like wait for the teachers’ instructions your lf your teacher criticizes your work and gives you a poor mark, you should feel disappointed get worried about your academic performance feel fed up with such a strict teacher try to understand what is the problem Unit 1 University Student Life to 6 are based on the following passage. Ideally, the teacher-student relationship at universities is chara~ cterized by trust. The “honor system” demands that the student be honest in all areas of schoolwork. Thus, cheating on tests, presenting others’ ideas as original, and tuming in homework done by someone else are all forbidden. Violation of the honor system can result in a student’s failing a course, having a record of the violation placed in the student’s school files, or even being driven out from the university. Students who cheat may lose the respect of other students, particularly those who study for exams and work independently: When leaving the classroom while students are taking an exam, an instructor may or ‘may not say, “I expect you all to obey the honor system.” Even if the words are not stated, the student is expected to work alone and not to share answers. to 8 are based on the following passage. Asa university student, you are no longer forced to stay in school all day. Apart from your class time, you organize your own time and place for studying. You are there to study (an active process) rather than to be taught (passive). Your teachers may or may not urge you, but they do want you to share their interest in the subject and they want you to succeed. The teacher works as your coach or trainer. If you were to become a professional tennis player or musician, you would expect your coach to look out for ways of improving your performance, and to criticize your work all the time. You would be silly to feel fed up about this. In fact, you would sack your coach if he or she just said everything was fine. So if you get work back with a poorer mark than you expected and with various criticisms, don’t feel discouraged by this; if you don’t understand what is wrong and how to improve, then ask your teacher to explain and don’t be satisfied until you do understand.—— ee Directions: Please read this section before you come to class. Getting the Best Value for Time Are you satisfied with what you achieve in the hours spent studying, or do you wonder where all the time has gone, without much to show for it? How hard are you really working? Here are some hints to help you make the most of your study time. 1, EFFECTIVE LEARNING 1. Review lecture notes as soon after a lecture as possible. Half an hour spent while the lecture is still fresh in your mind will do more to help you to develop an understanding of what you have heard and remember it than twice the time later on. It can be helpful to go over new work with other students to check that you have grasped all the points. 2. If you have been given an essay or assignment to do, note accurately what is required and start it when your memory of it is clear. 3. Revise and review regularly. Set regular weekly times to review the work in each course. This revision should be cumulative — adding a bit to the total at a time, covering briefly all the work done so far in the term. This way, you will consolidate the groundwork and avoid panic before exams. 4. When you revise, space out the time devoted to any one topic. You will learn more in six one-hour periods spread over one week than in one six- hour period. 5. Limit your blocks of study to two hours on any one topic or type of work. After one hour and half to two hours of intensive study, you begin to tire and concentration weakens. Take a break at some “achievement point” (end of a chapter, solving a problem, etc.), and then change to another part of the course or another type of work (e.g. from reading to writing). It will provide the change necessary to keep up your efficiency. 6. Find out the best times for working for yourself. Some periods may be better than others for different types of work and also for your own biological clock: If you tend to feel sleepy in the afternoon, this may not be the best time to try to read history or work out math problems. You may think that working into the early hours suits you, but does it fit in with an early class next morning? You are likely to feel tired next day and so gain nothing! Il, PRACTICAL STEPS 1. Plan a program of balanced activities. University life has many aspects which are important for getting full benefit from your time here. Some activities have fixed time requirements (c.g. classes, meetings, sport), others are more flexible (e.g. recreation, relaxation, study time, personal matters, eating, sleeping).2. Plan how you will use your study time. Knowing what you are going to do and when saves a lot of time spent on making decisions, false starts, retracing your steps to get the books you need, etc. Commit yourself to studying a particular assignment at a particular time. 3. Study at a regular time and in a regular place. You will learn to asso- ciate that time and place with working. This is after all what the world’s workers have to do. 4. Trade time and don’t stea When something unexpected happens and takes up time you had planned for study, decide immediately how you can make up the study missed, 5. Give yourself rewards for work completed on time (e.g. 2 hours solid work = | cup of tea or coffee; essay completed = 1 hour’s TV). After a strenuous evening finishing an essay or a set of problems, allow yourself “unwinding time” before bed. Ill. PLANNING TIME Working out a timetable will not turn you into a perfectly efficient person, but having a plan and sticking to it for a few weeks can help you to form better study habits and actually to save time, so that in the end you have more free time than before. Here is a way to plan your time which is flexible and practical. 1, Make out a master timetable for the term, marking your fixed commitments only: classes, society meetings, sport, etc. Make it clear and attractive, as you will have to look at it for a long time. The text is bosed on “Student Services Information,” King’s College, London 2. Draw up a weekly work program based on your present work assignments and study commitments: take a blank postcard or file card and divide it up, and then list: a. your work assignments and study commitment for the week; b. estimated amount of time needed for each of these; c. dates when the work is due or when it is to be done. Include routine reading and revising as well as set work. Put it in a prominent, or noticeable, place in your room, or carry it with you. A good time to prepare this might be Sunday evening as you plan the week ahead. 3. Make a daily “shopping list” of things you have to do next day and when you will do them. Use a small card which can be put into a pocket where it is easily found. The best time to prepare this is before going to bed. Include everything you have to do next day, not just work but posting a friend’s birthday card, going to the launderette, etc. Having prepared your cards and planned out your work, stick to your program. Cross out each item as you deal with it, If you give study hours top priority, the remaining hours will be really free. A journey of a thousand miles starts with the first step (Chinese proverb). Seats) See pi SaeedCircle the letter of the best answer. This article is mainly about A. where you should study 8 what you should study C_when you should study D_ how you should study Which of the following statements is true? To review notes soon after class is more effective than to do it later on. B To review notes soon after class is just as effective as to do it later on © To review notes soon after class will save you half an hour. D_ You will spend half an hour more time on your review if you do it long after the class. If you have three subjects to review in three days, the best method is A. to review one subject a day B to divide the time equally between the three subjects in each day © to review whatever you like D_ to review the most difficult subject three days The best time to work out math problems is : A. in the early hours 8 in the afternoon C inthe morning D_ no answer from the text If a student has friends visiting him at a time when he should review his lessons, he could A review his lessons all the same B entertain his friends C entertain his friends and find some other time to review his lessons D_ review his lessons and find some other time to entertain his friend If you want to be efficient, you should e A work out a plan 8 work out a plan and stick to it C form better study habits and save time D be flexible and practical The writer suggests that the “daily shopping” list of things you have to do next day should include : 4 all the important things only 8 your work and posting your friend’s birthday card all the things you have to do D_your work, posting your friend’s birthday card, and going to the launderette If you give study hours top priority, the remaining hours will be really free. This sentence means: A. Ifyou finish your study first, your free time will really be free. B Ifyou study all the time, your free time will really be free. © After your study, the rest of the time will be your free time. D You can study in your free time.Unit 1 University Student Life Questions for Discussion and Topics for Writing _ 1 “Ten Commandments for a College Freshman” was written by an American father to a son attending college in the 1960s. What advice seems dated to you? What advice seems still relevant to college students in China today? Give your comments on a most relevant piece of advice to you personally, or a piece that you find dated or irrelevant. 2 Doa Google search for “college advice.” Compile your own list of advice from various websites. Write a letter to a cousin who is going to attend college next year, sharing with him or her the best ten pieces of advice from your list.DUES AB BEDirections: You are expected to study this section in class. Do not preview. For each italicized word or expression, choose the best meaning below. 1 In the kitchen | encountered a woman | had never seen before. A confronted B talked with C met D fought 2 She was sitting on the sofa, browsing through the TV pages of the newspaper. A looking through in a casual way B turning over C reading carefully D writing on 3 After he failed his math exam, he has been feeling depressed for several weeks. A happy °—_—_—B angry C puzzled D low in spirits 4. Because of their different opinions on the issue, there is now open hostility between the two leaders. A friendly feelings B cooperation C unfriendly feelings D relationship 5 Common sense and creativity are some of the intangible qualities we're looking for in an employee. A that cannot be realized B that cannot be heard C that cannot be felt D that cannot be tasted 6 Making mistakes is inevitable, so do not be discouraged. A cannot be blamed B cannot be avoided cannot last long D cannot be found 7, ! have located a better restaurant in the next street. Why don’t we go there for junch? A found B recognized C opened D explored 8 Stop dwelling on your problems and do something about them. A living in B thinking a little about AEE Bee eg.5 as a i Making a Cultural Change Until a relatively short time ago, traveling abroad was limited to well-to-do tourists and prosperous businesspeople. Flying abroad was not common for the average person. In time, however, plane travel became safer, more convenient, and less expensive. As a result, people of diverse backgrounds now fly to distant places for pleasure, business, and education. Very often, government officials and business representatives fly to one country for a breakfast or lunch conference, then fly to another country for a dinner meeting. With the world becoming smaller, many young adults make the decision to study in foreign universities. It is an exciting, challenging experience to live in a foreign country. Anyone who can study abroad is fortunate; but, of course, it is not easy to make the transition from one culture to another. One faces many difficulties. The student who studies in a foreign country leaves behind a familiar, loving, and comfortable environment. Back home, she has her family, friends, and acquaintances. She knows the language, politics, money, food, social customs, and so forth. She knows all the intangible aspects of her native culture, such as body language, bargaining practices, and efforts to minimize waste through recycling, etc. In short, she knows “the system” in her native country. Then one day she leaves all this behind and suddenly finds herself in a place where everyone and everything is strange, pethaps even perplexing, All this strangeness is a major surprise to a person’s self-assurance. This abrupt change often leads to a reaction called culture shock. Foreigners experience varying degrees of culture shock. The sym- ptoms range from being ill-at-ease to being seriously depressed. Feeling homesick, irritable, unhappy, and very sensitive are other signs of culture shock. It is easy to understand that the endless frustrations of the early days in a new country would produce discontent, discomfort, and perhaps even hostility. People are always at ease in a familiar environment. A mature, realistic person experiences mild, temporary symptoms; the insecure newcomer suffers from a more serious case of culture shock. During the inevitable period of adjustment, the international student tends to complain about everything in the host country. In fact, she is likely to exaggerate the problems. When she encounters another Hk ate Lzmiserable person from the same country, she has a real outlet for unhappy feelings. Together they can complain in their native language. Although this complaining provides temporary satisfaction, it certainly does not help her adapt to a new society. Being negative will never get rid of the feelings of frustrations. The mature person understands that a positive attitude, determination, and flexibility are crucial in making the transition successful. A sense of humor is a big help. The following suggestions have been found to be helpful in fighting culture shock. 1 Keep busy. Get to know the area where you live by walking around and observing. Become familiar with the stores in the neighborhood and the kinds of merchandise sold. Locate the post office, library, schools, hospital and supermarkets. Say hello to a neighbor in your building, and perhaps start a friendship. 2 Become friendly with your classmates. Spend some out-of-school time together. 3 Do something you enjoy. Phone your family back home. Write a letter to a friend. Contact a relative or an acquaintance whose address you may have, Browse through department stores. Visit a museum. Walk through a new area of town. See a play. Go to a movie. 4 Forget that your English is less than perfect, and feel free to ask people for information, guidance, or directions. Many people are friendly, sympathetic, and helpful. It is important not to dwell on negative incidents. Disappointments are simply a fact of life. w Be flexible. Laugh at the mistakes you make; they are usually not serious. Make up your mind that you are going to enjoy your new adventure. With the right attitude, living in a foreign country can be a priceless, enriching period in a person’s life. It is a form of education — an exciting form. The above recommendations will help a person cope with life abroad. The text is based on “Moking a Cuturol Chonge” in The Independent Reader by Betty Sobel Lorraine C ‘Smith (New York: CBS College Publishing House. 1987) 0 Unit 2 Culture Shock Sete) See aSReading Skill Context Clues to Word Meaning Guess what the italicized word or phrase means in each sentence. 1 The symptoms range from being il|-at-ease to being seriously depressed. Feeling homesick, irritable, unhappy, and very sensitive are other signs of culture shock. 2 When she encounters another miserable person from the same country, she has a real outlet for unhappy feelings. Together they can complain in their native language. 3 Psychologists tell us that there are five distinct phases (or stages) of culture shock. 4. The word “regression” means moving backward, and in this phase of culture shock, you spend much of your time speaking your own language, watching videos from your home country, eating food from home. 4 5 When Presidente Torrijos of Panama met Carter, he tried to give him a friendly abraso (hug). Reading Comprehension Circle the letter of the best answer. 1 Nowadays, flying abroa - A limited to rich tourists and wealthy businesspeople B more convenient but less safe C common for the average person D not common for the average person 2. “The system” in the third paragraph includes the following except 5 ‘A social customs B bargaining practices C politics D foreign culture 3. Culture shock affects foreigners A in just the same way B in the same degree C in quite similar ways D in different degrees 4 Endless frustrations of the early days in a new country would create A dissatisfaction © B discomfort C hostility D all of the above 5 The following are important in fighting culture shock except A determination B a positive attitude C a sense of humor D hostilityUnit 2 Culture Shock Ina foreign country, you should feel free to talk with people because ‘A. your English is almost perfect B you need inform: C people are friendly and helpful D you need guidance 7 The writer recommends that you should “laugh at the mistakes you make” because A the mistakes you make are usually funny ones B you enjoy your new adventure C flexibility will help you cope with culture shock D laughing at your own mistakes will help you make up your mind 8 Which of the following best describes the purpose of this article? A It’s informative. C It’s argumentative. Vocabulary Building © Word Match B It’s critical. D It’s entertaining. Match the following words with their definitions within each group of five words. exaggerate ; slang irritable insecure distinct discomfort range discontent transition cope with merchandise recommendation minimize distortion reverse nonstandard vocabulary weak; uncertain; unprotected different; separate to say more than the truth about something. becoming angry very easily the process of changing the feeling of not being sat * to deal with to have several different types the feeling of being uncomfortable to make as small as possible goods bought and sold a suggestion that someone or something is good ‘opposite; contrary twist; changing shape Complete the sentences by using the words above. Change the forms if necessary. 1 “Chicken” is a word for someone who is not very brave. 2. Tom won $5,000 in the lottery. He ran home and said to his wife, “We are rich! We won more money than we can ever spend!” His wife said, “Don’t Tell me how much money you really won.” 3. Susan is quiet and shy; she finds it difficult to strangers. 4 The teachers say my son is slow, but I believe the _ is true. 5 My professor wrote me a very good letter of when | applied for graduate school.6 He came home from work feeling tired and : 7 You have a cold, so you may feel some __—_for a few days. 8 The health-care system is in _ at the moment. © Suffixes Many adjectives end in suffixes such as able, or “ible. Study the examples, and then list some words that end in these suffixes in the space provided. Add more if you can. suffixes examples -able comfortable, unforgettable “ible [_ Possible, responsible -able ays 2h 2 3. 4. 5 -ible 1. 2 3, 4. 5. Many nouns end in suffixes such as-tion, -ation, and ‘ition. Study the examples, and then list some nouns that end in these suffixes in the space provided. Add more if you can. suffixes examples -tion concentration, introduction, attention -ation imagination, information -ition addition, definition tion oP ae 2 ee 3. a 4 -ation 1. tot 3. 4 i -ition w 3. 4. Fill n each of the blanks with a given word in its proper form. 1 45is by 5. (divide) 2 You must carry out your plan with _ « (determine) 3. Xiao Liisa friend. If he can help you, he will do his best. depend) 4 He smiled in - Obviously he was very pleased with what he had done. (satisfy) 5 The of compositions took a large part of the teacher's time. (correct) 6 The between mother and child is the closest in the world. (late) 7 Although the black-and-white TV set is old-fashioned, itis still. (use) 8 The picture is faded, but the people in it are stil = (recognize) (Ik. AN A aa HE 1 LEAL aeUnit 2 Culture Shock nce with your classmates with the help of this glossary. accent difference landscape behavior environment manner ceremony ethics religion communi ethnic minority ritual community etiquette sign language convention folklore similarity costume folkway slang cross-cultural food table manners cuisine gesture tradition local culture interpersonal transportation custom invitation travel dialect kinship tourist attraction Cloze “Culture shock" happens to people who have been suddenly placed ina! land. Newcomers may be because they do not speak the language, know the customs, or understand people's in daily life. The visitor finds that “yes” may not always 4 “yes,” that friendliness does not 5 mean friendship, or that statements that to be serious are really intended as jokes. The foreigner may be _7 as to when to shake hands or embrace, when to start conversations, or how to a stranger. Language problems do not account for all the 9 that people feel. When one loses everything that was once familiar, such as understanding a transportation | knowing how to make friends, difficulties in coping with the new society may arise.1 Directions: The passages in t! n are meant to be read through quickly. Try to finish them within 15 minutes. Do not preview. Questions 1 to 2 are based on the following passage. Intercultural communi- cation is communication among people of the same culture. A as easy as B as difficult as C more difficult than D easier than When we speak of intercultural communi- cation, we mean that A two cultures commu- niicate with each other 8 people from different cultures ‘communicate with each other intercultural ‘communication is confusing D cultural conflicts usually do not arise Intercultural communication is communication between members of different cultures. This definition is simple, but the process is complex. Intercultural communication involves different beliefs, attitudes, and interpretations. We know that even two people from the same culture can have communication problems. People can unconsciously hurt each other by something they say or do. Isn’t it logical, then, that we will have more communication problems among people who do not share the same language and culture? Cultures do not communicate; individuals do. Everyone has a unique style of communication, but cultures determine a general style for their members. The relationship of the individual to his culture is analogous to an actor and his director. The actor puts his own personality into his acting but is nevertheless influenced by the director, Problems do not always appear when members from two cultures communicate. However, when cultural conflicts do arise, they may be perceived as personal rather than cultural. Cultural misunderstandings can create negative feelings and confusion. Questions 3 to 4 are based on the following passage. Which statement is true according, Individuals experience the stages of adjustment in to this passage? A People experience the effects of culture shock in the same say. different ways. When visitors have close relatives in the new culture or speak the foreign language fluently, BaTitae vite have relatives In they may not experience all the effects of culture shock the foreign country will not or mental isolation, An exile or refugee would adjust ee ee. differently from someone who voluntarily traveled to a language fluently will not new country. Certain individuals have difficulties adapting a Pie oe au foes of | anew environment and perhaps never do; others seem culture shock in different ways, t0 adjust well from the very beginning of their stay.4 6 Traveling and living abroad help one to better understand the following except A one’s own society B one’s own culture C one’s own language D oneself Questions 5 The would-be tourist is sure of the following except A some gestures will be different B climate will be different © customs will be the same D food will be different If some of the people think you act strangely, A they know most people from your country are strange B they know most people from your country are not strange C they know you are peculiar D they don’t know whether you are peculi Unit 2 Culture Shock Day-to-day living in another culture is undoubtedly an educational experience. While traveling and living abroad, people learn second languages, observe different customs, and encounter new values. Many people who have lived in other countries feel that their foreign experience enables them to understand their own society better. When facing different values, beliefs, and behavior, they develop a deeper understanding of themselves and of the society that helped to shape their character. The contrasts of a second culture provide a mirror in which one’s own culture is reflected. to 6 are based on the following passage. Suppose that you’re planning to visit a part of the world about which you know very little — except that it is quite different from your own country. You expect that the spoken language and probably some gestures will be different. You know, too, that customs will be different, but you are not sure exactly what this will mean. At least there will be interesting things to take pictures of or write home about. The climate and food will be different, of course, but these differences are attractions and are not really problems. Such is the would-be tourist’s view of a foreign culture. From the moment you arrive, your cultural and personal back- ground will influence everything you expect and a great deal of what you do and do not do. Most of the people you meet will be similarly influenced by their own backgrounds, culturally, socially, and personally. If some of the people you meet think you act a little strangely, they may never know whether you are peculiar, or whether most people from your country are strange, or whether all “foreigners” are strange.Questions 7 to 8 are based on the following passage. This passage suggests nee a A culture is what we were born with B culture can be learned the same sign means the same thing in different cultures D people in Lati ‘America are strange The story of jimmy Carter in Panama shows that A Torrijos is aggressive B Carter is impolite currently Panama and the U.S. are not on friendly terms D the two presidents understand hugging differently There are millions of rules, regulations, attitudes, and values that make up a given culture. These rules and attitudes are learned from birth and are so internalized that they form a part of who and what we are. The difficulty is that other societies have a different set of rules, regulations, attitudes, and values. Many of the actions and items in the two cultures are the same outwardly, but they do not mean the same thing. For example, everyone knows how to wave goodbye, But in Latin America, this same motion means “Come here.” Culture shock is the confusion resulting from the distortion of the signs, rules, and regulations that govern social interaction. The reaction to these signs is automatic. Thus, we often have committed mistakes in a new cultural environment before we have had time to think about the situation and react properly. The American president Jimmy Carter gave us a good example of this in Panama. When Presidente Torrijos of Panama met Carter, he tried to give him a friendly abraso (hug). To have done anything less would have shown disrespect for President Carter. Carter, however, reacted automatically to another man trying to hug him and quickly jumped back. This was equivalent to refusing to shake hands. No wonder Americans couldn’t keep the Canal there.Unit 2 Culture Shock Directions: Please read this section before you come to class. Culture Shock: A Fish out of Water Kalvero Oberg was one of the first writers to identify five distinct stages of culture shock. He found that all human beings experience the same feelings when they travel to or live in a different country or culture. He found that culture shock is almost like a disease: it has a cause, symptoms, and a cure. Whenever people travel overseas, they are like “a fish out of water.” Like the fish, they have been swimming in their own culture all their lives. A fish does not know what water is. Likewise, we often do not think too much about the culture we are raised in. Our culture helps to shape our identity. Many of the cues of interpersonal communication (body language, words, facial expressions, tone of voice, idioms, slang) are different in different cultures. One of the reasons that we feel like a fish out of water when we enter a new culture is that we do not know all the cues that are used in the new culture. Psychologists tell us that there are five distinct phases (or stages) of culture shock. It is important to, understand that culture shock happens to all people who travel abroad, but some people have much stronger reactions than others. During the first few days of a person’s stay in a new country, everything usually goes fairly smoothly. The newcomer is excited about being in a new place where there are new sights and sounds, new smells and tastes. The newcomer may have some problems, but usually accepts them as just part of the newness. They may find themselves staying in hotels or being with a home-stay family that is excited to meet the foreign stranger. The newcomer may find that “the red carpet” has been rolled out and they may be taken to restaurants, movies, and tours of the sights. The new acquaintances may want to take the newcomer out to many places and “show them off.” This first stage of culture shock is called the “honeymoon phase.” Unfortunately, this honeymoon phase often comes to an end fairly soon. The newcomer has to deal with transportation problems (buses that don’t come on time), shopping problems (can’t buy favorite foods) or communication prob- lems (just what does “Chill out, dude.” AR AA! amean?). It may start to seem like people no longer care about your problems. They may help, but they do not seem to understand your concern over what they see as small problems. You might even start to think that the people in the host country do not like foreigners. This may lead to the second stage of culture shock, known as the “rejection phase.” The newcomer may begin to feel aggressive and start to complain about the host culture/country. However, it is important to recognize that these feelings are real and can become serious. This phase is called the “rejection” phase because it is at this point that the newcomer starts to reject the host country, complaining about and noticing only the bad things that bother them. At this stage the newcomer either gets stronger and stays, or gets weaker and goes home (physically, or only mentally). If you do not survive stage two successfully, you may find yourself moving into stage three: the “regression phase.” The word “regression” means moving backward, and in this phase of culture shock, you spend much of your time speaking your own language, watching videos from your home country, or eating food from home. You may also notice that you are moving around campus or around town with a group of students who speak your own language. You may spend most of this time complaining about the host country/ culture. Also, in the regression phase, you may only remember the good things about your home country. Your homeland may suddenly seem marvelously wonder ful; all the difficulties that you had there are forgotten and you may find yourself wondering why you ever left. You may now only remember your home country as a wonderful place in which nothing ever went wrong for you. Of course, this is not true, but an illusion created by your culture shock “disease.” If you survive the third stage success- fully (or miss it completely), you will move into the fourth stage of culture shock called the “recovery phase” or the “at-case-at-last phase.” In this stage, you become more comfortable with the language and you also feel more comfortable with the customs of the host country. You can now move around without a feeling of anxiety. You still have problems with some of the social cues, and you may still not understand everything people say (especially idioms), However, you are now 90% adjusted to the new culture, and you start to realize that no country is that much better than another — it is just different lifestyles and different ways to deal with the problems of life. With this complete adjustment, you accept the food, drinks, habits, and customs of the host country, and you may even find yourself preferring some things in the host country to things at home. You have now understood that thereare different ways to live your life and that no way is really better than another, just different. Finally, you have become comfortable in the new place. It is important to remember that not everyone experiences all the phases of culture shock. It is also important to know that you can experience all of them at different times: you might experience the regression phase before the rejection phase, etc. You might even experience the regression phase on Monday, the at- ease phase on Tuesday, the honeymoon phase on Wednesday, and the rejection phase again on Thursday. “What will Friday be like?” Much later, you may find yourself retuming to your homeland, and — guess what? — you may find yourself entering the fifth phase of culture shock. This is called “reverse culture shock” or “return culture shock,” which occurs when you return home, You have been away for a The Text is based on “Cultural Shock: A Fish out of Water." by Elaine Addison, (November 28, 20/2). Unit 2 Culture Shock long time, becoming comfortable with the habits and customs of a new lifestyle, and you may find that you are no longer completely comfortable in your home country. Many things may have changed while you were away, and — surprise! surprise! — it may take a little while to become at ease with the cues and signs and symbols of your home culture. Reverse culture shock can be very difficult. There is a risk of sickness or emotional problems in many of the phases of culture shock. Remember to be kind to yourself all the time that you are overseas, and when you get home, give yourself time to adjust, Be your own best friend. If you do these things you will be a much stronger person. If you do these things, congratulations, you will be a citizen of the world! Total words: 1,134 SOT tar asCircle the letter of the best ans; 1 ‘The first four phases of culture shock are respectively named \ honeymoon, recovery, regression, rejection » honeymoon, recovery, reaction, rejection © honeymoon, rejection, regression, recovery ) honeymoon, regression, recovery, rejection Which of the following is NOT a cue of interpersonal communication? \ Body language » Our identity © Words D Tone of voice In the first few days, visitors in a foreign country will usually \ feel uncomfortable 8 be delighted with the new things have no problem with the new environment D_ make many friends Which of the following words means living through a serious, difficult or dangerous situation? A complain 8 reaction © concer > survive If a person does not survive the first two stages of culture shock, that person may A move backwards 8 move into the regression stage © spend a lot of time talking go back to his home country A person in the recovery stage will \ have anxiety about moving to their home country 8 complain about being at home © become more adjusted to the host country feel at ease at home You may experience reverse culture shock \ when you go back to your home country 8 when you arrive in the host country © when you go on vacation ) when you are in the recovery phase of culture shock To combat the effects of culture shock, you should \. buy medicine at a local pharmacy 8 drink a lot of beer to relieve the pain © stay home and never travel ) be kind to yourself all the timeUnit 2 Culture Shock Questions for Discussion and Topics for Writing | If you are attending university in another city, most probably you have found the new city different from your hometown. Do you have difficulties adapting to the new environment? Do you find your reactions similar to a culture shock? Discuss your reactions in class and ask local students to explain what is puzzling to you in the new city, Do a Google search for “adapting to a new culture” to find out more ways to deal with culture shock. On the basis of your findings, write a short essay on how to cope with culture shock.DUES AB BEThe Movies ections: You are expected to study this section in class. Do not preview. Word Pretest For each italici ed word or expression, choose the best meaning below. 1 The new system will speed up the transfer of information from one office to another. A traveling B changing C moving D tripping 2. The heat lingered after the sun had gone down. \ intensified B disappeared was cooled down D continued to exist She has an annoying predisposition to find fault with everything, temper B affection C prejudice D tendency The fashion industry relies on novelty, and photographers are always looking for new faces, A literature B newness © beauty D story She derives great pleasure from playing the violin A gets B originates D infers D strives Eating good chocolate gives me a sense of intense gratification. reward 8 satisfaction C desire D worthiness 7. The cat has striped fur and is aptly named “Stripe.” A preferably B likely C appropriately C fondly 8 The empathetic social worker soon realized that the single mother was at her breaking point, A comprehensible B clever C lighthearted D understandingText Xt Why Some People Love Horror Movies Some people can’t get enough of scary movies. They've seen scores of scary films, over and over. They catch horror movies on opening night. They have DVD collections at home. Personally, I'm not a fan of scary movies. They freak me out, leaving me unsettled for days. In fact, I had a hard enough time sitting through the scarier scenes of Sons of Anarchy when I watched it with my boyfriend; sometimes I had to leave the room. I'm curious to find out why some people love scary movies. And others, like me, can’t stand them. ion Transfer According to Glenn Sparks, professor and associate head of the Brian Lamb School of Communication at Purdue University, one reason for the appeal is how you feel afier the movie. This is called the excitation transfer process. Sparks’s research found that when people watch frightening films, their heart rate, blood pressure and respiration increases. After the film is over, this physiological excitement lingers. (We're just not aware of it.) Any positive emotions you experience — like having fun with friends — are intensified. Instead of focusing on the fright you felt during the film, you recall having a great time. And you'll want to ‘come back for more. However, if your experience was negative, say, you were on a date that wasn’t going well or you got into a car accident on your way home, you might not. Because your lingering excitement heightens any emotions you experience, the negative feelings might sway you to skip a scary movie in the future. Different Predi: Some people simply enjoy high levels of physiological excitement, Sparks said. According to the literature, about 10 percent of the population enjoys the adrenaline rush. (Not surprisingly, these individuals also love rollercoasters.) Similarly, predisposition may explain why others hate scary movies. Specifically, some individuals have a harder time screening out unwanted stimuli in their environment. For instance, they might be hypersensitive to the temperature in a room or the tag on their shirt. These same individuals are more likely to have intense physiological reactions to horror films. Some people turn to scary movies because they’re novel. All of us are predisposed to pay attention to anomalies in our environment. Since danger disrupts routine, curiosity about change is important for survival. EAA BEA ALSparks equated the pull of frightening films to stopping at the scene of a bloody accident: “You don’t see that every day.” Something else you don’t see are the visual effects of the movies, which tend to be fantastic. Some people get fascinated with visual effects and like to figure them out, said Joanne Cantor, professor and Outreach Director at the Center for Communication Research at the University of Wisconsin-Madison. Still, negative emotions can get the better of novelty. If we experience high levels of fright, seeing a scary movie just isn’t worth it. Individuals might, as Sparks remarked, “suffer lingering emotional fallout if something in the environment reminds them of a scene.” After seeing Jaws, some people stopped swimming in the ocean and felt eerie about lakes and pools, Cantor said. Gender Socialization Research suggests that more men enjoy scary movies. This might be because men are socialized to be brave and enjoy threatening things, Sparks said. Men may derive social gratification from not letting a scary film bother them. “Men often like scary films as date movies because women are more likely to seek physical closeness when they’re scared, and men can show off their strength and bravery,” Cantor said. (This is aptly called “the cuddle effect.”) In one study, males liked a horror movie more when they saw it with a female who was scared, and females liked the movie more when they saw it with a male who wasn t scared. Other Reasons Some people may like scary movies because they enjoy the adrenaline rush of being scared while being safe. “Some people like anything that gets their minds off their own problems,” Cantor said. Individuals who are highly empathetic may not like scary movies, according to Cantor. Kids and Scary Movies Cantor’s research found that college students who watched scary movies or shows before 14 years old had trouble sleeping and felt anxious about typically safe activities or stopped engaging in them altogether. Even if it’s make-believe, a horror movie is still scary. For older kids, realistic threats, such as kidnappings, are scary. Teens, like adults, are more scared over abstract threats, such as disease and the supernatural. “Parents need to pay attention to how their children react to movies before deciding if a particular show is right for them. Intense fright reactions are much easier to prevent than to undo,” Cantor suggested. The text isbosed on “Why Some People Love Horror Movies While Others Hate Them?” by Marga rita Tartokowsky (PsychCentral, accessed on November 20, 2012) (hetplipaychcentral comiblog! corchives/2012/1 013 | bvhy-some-peope-lve-horror-mevies-while-oth ther) {WALReading Skill Context Clues to Word Meaning With the help of the context clues, decide the meaning of the italicized word or phrase in each of the following sentences. 1 Some people simply enjoy high levels of physiological excitement, Sparks said. According to the literature, about 10 percent of the population enjoys the adrenaline rush. 2. “Men often like scary films as date movies because women are more likely to seek physical closeness when they're scared, and men can show off their strength and bravery,” Cantor said. (This is aptly called “the cuddle effect.”) 3. Art, especially cinema, helps us understand the interrelationships between culture and society. 4 Creative editing is not merely visual, but aural. For instance, music or background noise can be used to create the illusion of continuity. 5 The knowledgeable filmgoer should approach the experience with a receptive mind, open to the possibility of not only entertainment, but enlightenment. Reading Comprehension Gircle the letter of the best answer. 1 Which of the following is true about the author of this article? A She has DVD collections of horror movies at home. B She had a good time when she watched Sons of Anarchy. She does not like horror movies. D She is curious about horror movies although she hates them. 2 When people watch a scary movie, A their heart rate, blood pressure and breathing increases B their friendship with those who watch the movie together will be intensified C they usually have fun D they are usually on a date 3. Which of the following is a case of excitation transfer? A When watching Sons of Anarchy, the author sometimes had to leave the room. B After seeing Jaws, some people stopped swimming in the ocean. A fan gave away his DVD collections after an accident on the way home from a horror movie. D College students who watched scary movies or shows before 14 years old had trouble sleeping.Unit 3 The Movies 4 Who is more likely to enjoy horror movies? A Aperson who loves literature. B A person who loves running. C Aperson who loves rollercoasters. D Apperson who is sensitive to the temperature in a room. Stopping at the scene of a bloody accident is comparable to watching a horror movie in that both. A present unusual scenes in our daily life B are important for our survival C have fantastic visual effects D are for the more courageous people a 6 Men often like scary films as date movies because Amen are socialized to be brave and enjoy threatening things B scary films produce “the cuddle effect” © men derive social gratification from not letting a scary film bother them D females liked the movie more when they saw it with a male who wasn’t scared 7 are less likely to enjoy scary movies. A People who enjoy the adrenaline rush B People with personal problems C Empathetic people D Men in love 8 On the basis of her research, Joanne Cantor suggests that ‘A watching horror movies has no impact on children’s behavior B children are more scared over abstract threats C horror movies are just make-believe D intense fear is much easier to prevent than to undo Vocabulary Building © Word Match Match the following words with their definitions nominee * __ a false impression illusion « * a candidate feature * © having spiritual or intellectual insight elevate * © a full-length movie enlightenment * — to raise to a higher level eerie + * relating to the enjoyment or study of beauty astute © © strange in a frightening and mysterious way overwhelming © « relating to ideas and beliefs of a political system or party ideological ©» very great or strong aesthetic * _* mentally sharp or clever Layscreenplay © a way of thinking about and understanding somet! cinematography © the sounds, especially music, used in a film soundtrack © the art or process of filming movies; film photography originality © —_* a story written for television or a film perspective © the quality of being new and different; creativity Complete the sentences by using the words above. Change the forms if necessary 1 elt an sense of relief when the semester was over. 2 Dust lay thick on the furniture, and cobwebs formed ___patterns in the shadowy comers. 3 High stress levels blood pressure. 4 readers will notice the error. 5 From an economic , the policy has some merits 6 Those new buildings have little appeal. 7 The judges were impressed by the of his work. 8 There is a large mirror at one end to create the ___ of more space. © Suffixes tend in these suffixes in the suffixes examples ence existence, reference ance attendance, acceptance -ence 1. 2 a: 4 = -ance 1. 2. 3. 4, eee Many adjectives end in the suffix ie examples, and then li adjecti end in this suffix in the space provided. Add more if you can. suffix examples -ish foolish, reddish ~ish eee 2 it eS be 5,Unit 3. The Movies enoaua Fill in each of the blanks with a given word in its proper form. You will be able to overcome the difficulties if you do not lose in yourself, (confident) In zoos, we should keep our from the animals such as bears, tigers, and lions. (distant) They made a plot to kidnap the little girl and then kill her when they got the money. (devil) We shall be very glad to have your __ at the annual meeting. (present) Now more and more people have realized the _of clean air. (important) Itisa__ idea that you can travel across the desert alone. (child) Ittakes a lot of to learn to type. (patient) The sudden cheers. (appear) of the fairy made the children in the cinema break into Write a short passage, telling about the latest movie you saw. Try to use some words and expressions in this glossary. acting dubbing screenplay adaptation fade in script animation fade out shooting audition feature shot box office flashback slapstick camera angle focus sound effects cinema framing special effects cinematographer leading role spotlight close-up lighting stage property continuity microphone studi costumes montage substitute credits premiere supporting role director producer theme song ributor prop thriller documentary romance 00m i drive-in cinema scene zoom outFil in FS each of the bla ks with a word given below. drawings love store photos Almost everyone around the world knows Mickey Mouse, Donald Duck, Bugs Bunny, Snow White, Batman, and Charlie Brown. They are famous cartoon 1 They appear in movies, television programs, newspapers movies remember and comic books. Now, people are buying some artists’ 2 made for the famous cartoon movies. well-known Cartoon movies are produced by taking pictures of thousands of drawings. This kind of movie is called an serious kinds hangi animation. In the past few years, the drawings for the ne cartoon 3 have been offered for sale. Jack Solomon owns several stores that deal in anima- tion drawings. He says people 4 the drawings because they are pictures of the people and animals they knew when they were growing up. Mr. Solomon says people look at the drawings and _5 the laughter and joy they felt as a child watching a funny cartoon. And they want to buy them. Jim Young works for a Warner Brothers store in the eastern state of Vi ia. He says several_6 of animation drawings are for sale. Mr. Solomon and Mr. Young think that animation drawings are z art. They say famous animators like Walt Disney and Fritz Freleng are as_& as any famous artist. But one expert says people should not _9 animation art as an investment. She says people should buy them because they like to look at them and want to see them 10, on their walls,Unit 3 The Movies Directions: The passages in this section are meant to be read through quickly. Try to finish them utes. Do not preview. Questions 1 to 2 are based on the following passage. 1 Science-fiction films are characterized by the following scenes except A. spaceships zoom through the universe B stars explode astronauts fight each other for power D_ magicians perform magic tricks 2. Many viewers have been led to believe that in science-fiction films are the true modern “movie stars.” A. creatures from outer space B human actors, C special effects D human actresses Nowadays, especially in science-fiction films, very realistic- looking scenes are made possible by modern technology. Spaceships zoom through the universe, stars explode, and human (as well as not-so-human) astronauts fight each other for power and wealth. Viewers who are fascinated by this “movie magic” often ask how it is produced. Most of the illusions in these scenes combine the real (live performers) with the imagined (for example, miniatures and painted scenes). The actors and actresses are often filmed separately from a picture of a spaceship; then a view of the stars and planets is shot. After that, miniature figures of creatures from outer space might be filmed, and so on, Afterwards, these separate elements are all combined on the same piece of film. In a “simple” five- to ten-second piece of action, as many as eighteen different elements might be required. In addition, computers make possible new kinds of movement, The use of technology has led many viewers to believe that special effects, not live performers, are the true modern “movie stars.” Questions 3 to 4 are based on the following passage. 3 In black and white movies, the blood on the screen was possibly A real blood B artificial blood C chocolate syrup D Karo syrup One of the most common illusions throughout the history of film has been the use of “blood.” Because of the popularity of murder mysteries, war stories, horror movies, and westerns, there has always been an enormous amount of blood on the screen. Movie producers were challenged by two problems: what to use and how to use it. When movies were filmed in black and white, it was possible to use chocolate syrup as a substitute for real blood. These days, in color films, “blood” is a combination of Karo syrup, food dye Red No. 33, and food dye Yellow No. 5.4 Today a movie “How” is a more difficult problem. In old westems, when the “bad character does not have guy” was shot by the “good guy,” he used to hit the place where he had been shot, say “You got me,” and drop to the ground. Though not very realistic, it was essential for the actor to hit himself in this way self to “bleed” A asmall “blood” packet ishidden because “blood” was hidden in a small packet under his shirt, When he andes is shirt did this, the packet would break, and blood would come out through B heisthe “good guy’ his fingers. C itis pretty silly for him to say “You got These days, however, “bleeding” is a matter of technology. Sings Sometimes, as in The Godfather, a performer may be shot over a ieee eg hundred times! In such cases, the many packets hidden on the victim’s shut body are attached to thin wires which, in turn, are connected to a computer. The computer causes each packet to explode at exactly the right moment. Questions 5 to 6 are based on the following passage. ‘When explosives are used, as in battlefield scenes, special-effects osi i 4 : When explosives are | men usually receive extra pay. There is danger, and sometimes there used, special-effects Trenitaiellyosive are accidents. For a large battlefield scene, the special-effects man extra pay because talks with the director, examines the area, and plans the effect several days before the filming is to begin. He then places his explosives. eee uae ‘They must not be too powerful in the areas where actors will pass. But matee, een | there must be enough power so that with sound effects added later the € ittakes a longer time | ¢Plosions seem real. D all of the above The special-effects man may cover two acres of ground with Ifachurch tower must XPlosives, each connected individually by wire to a special device for seem to be hit by guns, controlling the course of an electric current. When the scene begins, the special-effects man he causes explosions in the air by sending up large bags filled with explosives. The bags float in the air and are held by wires. At the right time he makes them explode. If a church tower, for example, must A uses a model of the church B uses explosives and Seem to be hit by guns, he puts explosives in several places in the puts them on the tower. He usually cuts through some of the supports of the tower first roof of the church © puts explosives in a number of places in the tower D destroys the church first so that he can be sure they will fall.Unit 3 The Movies Questions 7 to 8 are based on the following passage. 7 One possible reason for Hitchcock to leave Britain for Hollywood was that A he was the most famous director in Britain at that time B he was too old to fight in the Second World War C he could find more money for his film in Hollywood D he could eam more money and reach a wider audience in Hollywood 8 Switching from film to TV, Hitchcock A. stopped making mysterious and frightening films B worked beneath his own talent © became more mysterious D found more opportunity to realize his talent Alfred Hitchcock is one of the best-known filmmakers in the world. This gentle looking, overweight Englishman has connected the cinema audience with some of the most mysterious and frightening films ever made. The 39 Steps made in 1939 was the film that made him famous outside Britain, He received many offers from Hollywood, where he went to make Rebecca. This was the most expensive film he had made, costing over a million dollars. This was impossible in Britain, where budgets were very small. But as soon as shooting started on Rebecca, the Second World War started. Like many other film people, Hitchcock decided to stay in America, and was sometimes called a traitor at home. But he was too old to fight, and the British film industry had closed down, He finished Rebecca, and got his first Oscar, for The Best Film of the Year. He was also the first film director to become a TY star. In 1955, he started a TV show which showed mystery and horror stories, called “Alfred Hitchcock Presents.” This was a new idea, for most of the Hollywood people hated television and thought it was beneath their talents to work in the TV world. The audience loved Hitchcock, however, and he made more shows. These shows gave him more opportunity to try new ideas and make more and more mysterious or frightening films.Directions: Read this section before you come to class. Text How to Watch a Movie? Movies are more than mere enter- tainment, To most of us, they’re the closest we come in our daily lives to an experience of magic. Within the dark space of a theater, movies create their own mystique, where time and logic don’t apply. There is no gravity to tie us to the world as we know it; we are held together only by the grace of the director’s eye. Movies are more than mind-altering experiences. The French knew from the beginning that film is true art. Most Americans, obsessed with the business end of cinema, have yet to fully grasp the fact that film is an art like no other. Art, especially cinema, helps us understand the interrelationships between culture and society. It reveals a wealth of information about how our civilization works and even indicates cultural trends, True art is vitally important because it challenges us to think beyond ourselves. Who are we? Where do we come from? Where are we going? These are the questions that great cinema addresses. Because of its importance, film should be studied not only by so-called film experts or reviewers, but by average moviegoers as well. This means that each member of the film audience should strive to be a “critic.” ith greater thought than the vast majority Cinema should be viewed of us give it. Realizing that a movie can be experienced from a variety of perspectives — cultural, ideological and aesthetic, the knowledgeable filmgoer should approach the experience with a receptive mind, open to the possibility of not only entertainment, but enlighten- ment. Here are some basic elements to be aware of when viewing a film: Direction When watching a film, always ask: Does the director have control? As Hitchcock once said: “At times, I have the feeling I’m an orchestra conductor, a trumpet sound corresponding to a close shot, and a distant shot suggesting an entire orchestra performing a muted accompaniment. At other times, by using colors and lights in front of beautiful landscapes, I feel I am a painter.” Great directors such as Hitchcock, Kurosawa, and Polanski, to name a few, have been accused of being “control freaks” when making their movies. “AGERE!Technicians as well as artists, these directors who maintain control have studied every aspect of the process. Every section of their films is developed and presented with precision. Nothing escapes a great director’s eye, nor should it escape yours. Screenplay Even a great director will struggle with his or her vision if the screenplay is not sound, The old saying is still true: “If it ain’t on the page, it ain’t on the stage.” ‘What's on paper, then, is an essential element of film. Originality, creativity, logical narrative and plot, continuity, composition and development of three- dimensional characters are some of the key ingredients in a good screenplay. In other words, does the screenplay effectively communicate a story through dramatic action and dialogue? The so- called “acts of God” or leaps of faith used by many screenwriters to find bridges between scenes are not found in the best screenplays. Transitions in scenes should make sense. If not, film continuity fails. Cinematography Although they’re much more, movies are primarily visual experiences. The astute cinematographer understands the fundamental relationship between the camera and the human eye. Maybe more importantly, they realize the camera is an extension of the human eye. Thus viewers should watch for cinematographers whose camera is never static; where the camera transforms itself into the eyes of the viewer. Ed Good directors shoot much more Unit 3 The Movies film than they can possibly use. It's the editor's job to realize a film’s potential. Creative editing is not merely visual, but aural. For instance, music or background noise can be used to create the illusion of continuity. Astute directors are intimately involved in the editing process to assure smooth transitioning in the flow of the film and to ensure that their film creates a seamless whole. This is no smalll task, since the standard fiction feature can be composed of as many as 1,000 separate shots, Acting Judging good acting is simple. You just know it when you see it. Some actors are consistent craftsmen, while others are largely the creation of strong directors. What we know about many exceptional performers is that they do not “act.” They return to us film after film, completely submerged in their characterizations. This intensity, combined with a memo- rable face, is what some have called “star quality.” Humphrey Bogart’s craggy countenance, with his immobile upper lip, mannerisms and ticks, marked his appearances on the screen. There are others who hide themselves in their characters. Montgomery Clift and Marlon Brando blazed the path for actors such as these. Watch and identify the elements that constitute a great performance. Lighting and Sets As the German Expressionist have shown, the entire mood of a film can be determined by lighting, the way shadows fall, the type of sets used or the actual location where the film is shot. One cannot imagine The Cabinet of Dr.Caligari without these ingredients. The amount and style of lighting depends on the type of film being made. The effect of hard lighting and shadows in horror films, for example, can create a stark, emotional response in the audience. This was used effectively in Hitchcock’s Psycho, as a single swaying light bulb reveals a mummified figure — to the audience’s horror and delight. Special (Visual) Effects Movies have always had special effects, but with the pervasiveness of new technologies many believe that film has entered a somewhat troublesome era. With computer-generated special effects, young moviemakers increasingly believe that actors (and even stories) are not required. The danger is that special effects in film are becoming like fireworks — sound and fury, light and noise, but no substance. If there is any threat to film as an art form, it is the unrestrained use of technologically- heightened special effects. Except for where it is absolutely essential to the plot, no film’s success should depend on its effects. Soundtrack Sometimes the best soundtrack is none at all; at other times, the right musical accent in a scene elevates the film and allows the viewer to relate to the characters or story on a deeper level. While a good soundtrack should never be overwhelming, many classic films would be far less memorable without their soundtracks. Without the near- perfect touch of Mozart’s music, the film Amadeus would never be the classic that itis. Though it's true that the best sound- track is often so subtle that it is almost unnoticeable to a viewer’s ears, the opposite can also be true. Who could argue that without the thumping beat of John Williams’ Jaws score, that film’s ability to scare would be far diminished? There are, of course, other elements of cinema that can be just as significant as those mentioned here. The point is that cinema is a most influential art form, and thinking viewers should take care not to be mindless consumers of popular culture in general, and cinema in particular. Although movies do divert us from the reality of the everyday, they can do much more. We need only to develop the critic within us in order to elevate our cinema experiences. Caer ‘ The texts based on “How to Watch 0 Movie?” by John W. Whitehead (The MovieMaker Magazine, accessed on Novemn- ber 25, 2012) (htapilwewmoviemakercom| drectinglartielhow_to_watch_a_movie 2988/) Ss cei sUnit 3 The Movies Reading Comprehension According to the text, decide whether each of the following statements is True (T] or False (F). TF 1 The Americans knew from the beginning that film is true art. oo 2 A good director is a technician as well as an artist. } 3. The most important elements of a sound screenplay include 0 originality, continuity, and fully-developed round character. C 4. The cinematographer is the person who controls the camera. oo 5 ‘Star quality” refers to the actors’ ability to be completely submerged oo in their characterizations. 6 Hitchcock's The Cabinet of Dr. Caligari is a fine example of effective oo lighting. With new technologies, every film's success has to depend on the } computer-generated special effects. 8 According to the author of the article, watching a movie should be an experience of both entertainment and enlightenment. “ Questions for Discussion and Topics for Writing 1 Interview at least fifteen of your classmates or dorm mates, asking them whether they like horror movies and why. Write a short essay to report your findings. 2 When you watch a movie, do you notice the cinematic elements outlined in “How to Watch a Movie”? Look at one of the elements in your favorite movie. How is that element effectively used? Discuss it with a classmate, then write a paragraph in recommendation and appreciation of that movie.DUES AB BEDirections: You are expected to study this section in class. Do not preview. _ eet: For each italicized word, choose the best meaning below. 1 The vegetable pie is the specialty of this restaurant. A a famous dish B an ordinary dish C a particularly fine dish 2 The house was filled with the aroma of coffee. A taste B color C smell 3. Thai food is hot and spicy. A having a bland taste B having a sweet taste C having a pleasantly strong taste 4 The seeds are tasty and nutritious. A harmful to the body B valuable to the body C delicious 5 Orange groves grow around the village. ‘A small groups of trees planted close together B large groups of trees planted close together © small groups of trees scattered everywhere 6 The market stretches all the way along the street. A stands B opens C extends “I He went back to the buffet table for a second helping. A_ameal where people serve themselves different types of food B aplace in a train, a bus station, etc., where people can buy food and drinks C a large sideboard with drawers and cupboards 8 The men had gone to hunt wild game. A fun 8 wild animals and birds. C a kind of sport(AES AGF A Food Tour of the United States One of the most intriguing features of American cooking is its variety. The traveler who crosses the U.S. by bus or by car will find the food as worthy of attention as the scenery — and full of unexpected surprises, too. For American cooking at its best is regional in character. Except for turkey at Thanksgiving, no single dish has gained wide enough popularity in the U.S. to become a symbol for the country as a whole. Each region sets its table with a different specialty. These regional specialties capture the flavor and aroma and express the character of a particular locality. For instance, Cape Cod, a summer resort on the Atlantic Ocean, is famous for its clambakes, a seafood feast pulled ocean- fresh from the Atlantic and cooked over an outdoor fire on the beach. New Orleans is known for its jambalaya, a spicy dish of rice, ham, shrimp, and tomatoes. And Boston, where the winters are long and cold, is called “bean town” because of its baked beans, a mixture of dried beans, salt pork, brown sugar, and molasses. Mixed in an iron pot and baked for hours in a slow oven, this dish is hearty and nutritious. Americans say, “It sticks to your ribs.” Being regional, these dishes feature the vegetables, fruits, meats, poultry, and seafood that are locally available. And since local conditions — the soil, climate, and topography — vary a great deal in the U.S., as might be expected in the world’s fourth largest country, the result is a national food menu on which most of the world’s favorite foods are listed. Seafood of all kinds is abundant in the states that border the oceans or possess lake and river systems. Shrimp, crab, and lobster, as well as fresh fish are all mealtime favorites. Citrus fruit — oranges, grapefruit, lemons, and limes — are produced in Florida and California. The fruit groves in these states supply most of the frozen juice and sun-ripened fruit that grace the breakfast tables of the nation. Across the landlocked states in the Midwest stretch endless corn and wheat fields, rippling in the wind as far as the eye can see. These grains are used to make bread, cereal, and cooking oil. The region is called “the breadbasket of the nation.” For vegetables, California is America’s most bountiful state. It is first in the production of broccoli, asparagus, tomatoes, carrots, grapes, lettuce, peaches, and pears, and a variety of other foods. Where is meat produced? HoH HA!In Texas, of course. That’s where you can see all those tender roasts, steaks, and chops. ‘True enough, all these foods are available at your local supermarket. But they have been canned, frozen, or packaged in some way and shipped many miles by rails or by truck. Wouldn’t it be a treat to journey to the «° source, the point of origin, where the raw materials for great cooking begin? Pulled from the ocean or gathered farm fresh, this produce would be transformed by a local chef into a memorable dish fit for a king. After such a trip, what a gallery of memories the traveler would cherish! I recall, for example, a marvelous breakfast I enjoyed at a hotel «* in Charleston, South Carolina, The food was served buffet style from a long table. The first dish on the table was a bowl of grits, a Southern specialty made of cornmeal. The waiter served the grits in big spoonfuls, heaping several pats of butter on top. Then came‘a large pan of salted beef in cream sauce, It was surrounded by dishes of spiced apples, bacon, and 0 pork sausages. Eggs, sunny-side up, were next on the line. Beyond the eggs was a Virginia ham. Further down the table were stacks of toast and plates of pancakes topped with maple syrup or honey and melted butter. The traveler who would like to sample the real flavor of American cooking must explore the country as a whole. There are five distinct «= regions in all. Each has its own characteristic dishes. There is the Northeast, stretching from Maine to Maryland, which is famous for its seafood; the south, which includes Mississippi, Alabama, Georgia, and neighboring states, where Souther fried chicken, collard greens, corn- bread, and black-eyed peas are popular; the Midwest or plains states of 60 North and South Dakota, Nebraska, Illinois, and Kansas which specialize in fine breads and pastries; the Mountain Sates of Colorado, Montana, ‘Wyoming, and Idaho, where wild game such as deer and pheasant are found; and the Southwest states of Arizona, New Mexico, and Texas, where barbecued food is a regional specialty. * Doesn’t each of these regions deserve a visit by the traveler who enjoys good food? ‘The texts based on american Gastronomy: A Food Tour of the United States” in American Topics by Robert C A eed Lugton (Englewood Clif. NJ: Prentice-Hall, 1986). Sot ed So