BH | ncemr wcrcow coosren cuss | inne 1. Good health 2) Means absence of disease and physical fimess of the body. A () Is the state of complete physical, mental and social well-being (©) Increases longevity of people and reduces infant and maternal mortality @ Is related to all of the above (® Waris imporant to maintain good health? (2) Balanced diet, personal hygiene and regular exercise/yoga (©) Awareness about diseases .) Hygienic food and water consumption (@allof the above 3. Among noninfectious diseases, the major cause of death is: (@) ADs ®) HIV © Cancer @ Autoimmune disorder | Which of the following is correct ? 7 @Paresites ike bacteria, viruses, fungi and rotozoans are pathogens as they harm host (©) Pathogens need no adaptation to live within a host (©) Parasites can live only inside the host but not on the host @ Both (b) and (©) ionella typhi : 4 j 7 @) Isnon-pathogenic bacteria (b) Causes typhoid in which a person has sustained moderate fever (375-38°C) with no other pain, constipation, headache and loss of appetite are the common symptoms of : @ Typhoid (b) Pneumonia (©) Amoebiasis @) Filariasis 7. ‘Typhoid Mary is the nickname of : (a) Mary Mallon (b) Mary Hilton (c) Mary Becker (@) Mary Crown Section-A : Questions Based on NCE! RT Textbook 8. Mary Mallon: (a) Was a cook a by profession in Unite s (b) Was identified as asymptomatic pathogen associated with typhoid fey, (© Continued 0 spread tYPHOId for sey, through the food she prepared * (d) Is related to all of the above Pneumonia is caused by : | Haemophilus influenzae (©) Plasmodium (© Bacillus @ Allof these Pneumonia in humans infect : ‘Y [@ Trachea/windpipe only ©@ Atveoli of lungs (©) Intestines (@ Intestinal mucosa Inwhich disease alveoli gets filled with fui ini severe respiratory problems ? (a) Asthma Pneumonia (© Diphtheria (@ Common cold 12. The symptoms of pneumonia include : (@) Fever and chills ©) Cough (© Headache @ Allof these Which of the following is true for pneumonia? 4 (@) Insevere cases, the lips and finger may tng bluish in colour (®) Ahealthy person acquires infection by ina droplets/aerosols released by an infected 9 (©) Spreads by blood transfusion Both (a) and (b) 14. Common cold infects : (@) Lungs (b) Nasal and respiratory passage (© Both (a) and (b) (@) Lungs and heart @ s @ 8 15. Common cold is caused by : (@) Arbovirus (b) Rhino virus (©) Reovirus (d) Retrovirusjpop the HnHlov¥ANK A LONDEEL yg i tue HY Haga a | Hy hmong) jn RPL Ree Se ~ ‘08, ata eget ag | Ragas iwi ne lions bomen ea "inv "me Gmewoces| enlzaton rally Juss FOr 3-7 days | Plasmodium \ Sree ina Be HANSMEA THUMB ay oy gg —| inne” |__| monauite| 0 Mpa wi OPEN Fem erga mNea Sporezoites| Asexual | Gamewepcs | Fentlization i wae HW ANE APHAN is correct Feproduction case ala i eANNIEEHEA With 5 irradia a al H) Langs sallvary Pein (4) Lives ene PY mg late oe «ny ire inka. intestine cenena nein Geneon serous ype ofmlanis____eausedby oi) eee wis Ae AER ATK 28 A, B, Cand D inthe tye Graton malaria ; Plasmodium falciparum sys Plasmon. When she mosquite hiies another human, sparngnites are Injectes! with hie yp rie aE aa va ATOM Se a ni : ( i paravaited, in HN Salivary glancla Mosquito host “Human be nn host ia Wp yannenyten af Gamerorytes 4 Whe mde rates sexta re Pavan oon hy the bs waioatineal #RS Veomale SO oy Boneh oO Male C ya | A B c Pil “ lSonavaies | Sexnal metoeylen acitzaion Moplee repraduetio RBC a leew | repr slo | In gametocytes i in mosgito’s asrodtin intestine Quartan malaria; Plasmodium malariae (©) Benign tertian malaria; Plasmodium vivax @) Mild tertian malaria; Plasmodium ovale Arrange the stages of life cycle of Plasmodium starting from human host and ending in mosquito host. 1, RBC releases the toxic haemozoin UL, Parasite reproduces asexually in liver cells ML, Parasites attack RBC V, Sporozoites enter human body through the mosquito bite 2 V, Mature sporozoites escape from intestine and migrate to the mosquito’s salivary gland Fertilization of gametocytes occur in mosquito’s intestine ML VII, Mosquito takes up gametocytes while sucking blood of an infected person @) Wo0sIomovuisvou () Io Ml VoMIsWovn @ WotstsIomisusv @) Mo Wo0saiovoviowu 23) The classical symptom of malaria is : (a) Paroxysm 1 () A cyclical occurrence of sudden coldness followed by shivering and the fever and sweating, occurring every 3-4 days (© Tremor in body (8) Mote than one option is corret(BR | Neer siocosy BOOSTER (CLASS-XH | 28,/Malacial parasite (Plasmodium) : (a) Requires both human and male Anopheles to 5 complete its life eyele Is digenetic (©) Both (a) and (b) . (A) Performs the sexual cycle called schizogony in liver and RBC of humans (> the infective stage of Plasmodium in humans is a minute : (a) Spherical sporozoite Sickle-shaped sporozoite (© Ovoid sporozoite > (@) Stellate sporozoite @™ Primary and secondary host of Plasmodium is and respectively : Human ; female Anopheles ‘Female Anopheles; Human (c) Male Anopheles ; Human (@) Human ; Male Anopheles 26. Schuffner’s dots : (a) Represents granules on RBC of a malaria infected human (b) Are red or red-yellow dots in erythrocytes of human infected with Plasmodium vivax © Both (@) and (b) (4) Represent granules on WBC of a person infected with malaria (3 Gametocytes of Plasmodium : g) Remain in the human blood for several days /Are unable to develop further in the human blood because of high body temperature (©) Undergo fertilization in the human blood (@ Undergo fertilization in the human liver 28. Read the following statements : @- Ronald Ross received nobel or medicine (1902) for transmission of malaria Gi) Malaria means ‘Bad air? Gi) Asexual eyle called schizogony (of Plasmodium) is a type of binary fission Gv) Pernicious malaria or blackwater fever is caused by Plasmodium falciparum ©) The incubation period of all the species of Plasmodium is same Which of the above statements are correct ? @ (i), (v) Cd, (i), (ivy © @, Gi, Gi) D iv), (v) Prize for physiology his work on the 49>) Fiutamoeba histolytica bs 4 om A b of humans witch cisions amoebic dysentry. - (a) A= Bacterlals B= Large intesting () A = Protozoan; 8 = Small intesting A= Bacterial } B= Oesophayiig DA = Protozoan ; B= Large intestine 30. A person is showing the following sy, Constipation, abdominal pitt and crag.” excess mucous, lod eo and with, ‘This person is most likely suffering fon, (a) Amoebiasis (b) Typhoid (©) Ringworm (A) Ascatiass 31) The mechanical carriers of are, ms Jo gaamonly : my House fly (b) Moaquity (©) Cockroach (A) Termites 32, Amoebiasis spreads by the contaminate (@) Water (b) Pood (© Both (a) and (b) (A) Air 83. Match the columns : Column-t Columns Ascarasis |) Inflammation oj. vessels. of lower fan senital organs B. Filariasis | Gi) Internal teed sp, Pain, fever, anaemia son Of intestinal pasage CAmoebiasis | Gil) Dry, scaly lesions on yp body parts like si scalp with intense ig D. Ringworm | (iv) Abdominal. pain, sei disease @), B= @, C= (v),d © A=(, B (@) Is caused by a roundworm (b) Affects intestine ©) Spreads through contaminated wit: and fruits ) Is related to all of the above (38) The helminth that causes elephantiasis is: Wuchereria (b) Ascaris \ © Taenia (d) Planariaof Wuchereria is : te ye Culex mosquito com; mon) 9 RAE cule mosauito camer 2 oan) and ) " pousellY . worm disease is caused by ; Microsporum and Trichophyton @ spidermophyton a ? ofthe above (O* ofthe following is correct QM f for ring MMieat and dry conditions hel ee deer @) Pe anism to grow fast causative > causative agents thrive in skis The e in skin and toes folds of groin ‘The causative microorganisms ar : soil or by using towels, oon eat from infected individuals comb of Poth (b) and (©) @ psi weeor of viral diseases): (a) Dengue (b) Chikungunya (o Malaria (d) Both (a) and (b) (@revention of malaria/filaria can be done by insoducing natural predators of moquito larva like 4 @) Gambusia (b) House flies (@ Drosophila (@) Tsetse fly Find out the true (T)/ false (F) statements and choose the correct option : 1 Infectious diseases like polio, _diptheria, pneumonia and tetanus have been controlled toa large extent by the use of vaccines 1L Chikungunya is a bacterial infectious disease TL Mycobacterium causes leprosy and tuberctlesis IV, Small pox has been eradicated from the world by the use of vaccines ‘nich disease is caused by a nematode? {®) Leprosy (b) Poliomyelios ‘© Amoebiasis (d) Filariasis rons EAL TH % 0 Crome: | Whieh & oye Ay © Trophows 3) Sonearhe yer EC 0 ha ypc HOR A iection de tn Excamathn 8) Aboninat E (nae) Se to ee (0 Bera mh Con fever in Materia is due 10 8) Sporoges 6 fogony © Exoery Exoerythro @ : a infective stage of Plasmoditam for lumen teat N Trophozoite (6) Spervavite - (© Ceyprozoite m (0) Meracrypronnine 47 hes coded daring smal pon cies? @ Attenuated virus (6) Lesenexes (© Antibodies z ue @ Ancibiories 7 jaw’ is another name of - (@) Malaria (6) Kaleazar © Diptheria @ Tecan 49. Elephantiasis is caused by a member of (@) Annelida (b) Pans nes, ~~, © Arthropoda @ Aschelminehes |. A person suffering from frequent episodes of asi discharge, nasal congestion, reddening of eyes and watery eyes. These are symptoms of (@) Rhinitis: (b) Bronchial carcinoma (Q Bronchitis (@) Cyanosis 51. Who discovered oocysts in the seomack of Sail ‘Anopheles ? (a) Ronald Ross () Lambie (© Charles Lavern (@ Isaac 52. Trypanosoma. (@) Sleeping sickness) Kala-ezs (© Diptheria @ Dyseary(| Ncert BIOLOGY BOOSTER (oLAss-xi) | (54) Which of the following is true for innate immunity ? ¢ tis non-specific type of defence system 2 oy involves only physical barrier (©) Minwolves interferon made of lipids (a) It does not involve PMNL (Poly Morpho Nuclear Leukocytes) 55) The cellular barrier(s) in innate immunity 4 (a) PMNL-neutrophils: (b) Monocytes (c) Natural killer cells @Aiof these 58, Interferons jolves : 4 (@) Belong to a large class of proteins called cytokines (b) Are signalling proteins made and released by host, cells in response to viral infection © Both (a) and (6) (@) Are polysaccharides completely Physiological barriers of innate immunity includes : = Skin and mucus coating © Acid in stomach, saliva in mouth and tears from eyes (© WBC and RBC A (d) Cytokines 58) When our body encounters a pathogen for the first time: (a) Specific B and T-cells start division to produce effector B and T-cells (b) It initiates a response called primary response (© The immune system produces memory B and T-cells All of the above occurs 59. The memory B and T-cells : (@) Are stored in lymph node and spleen throughout the life (b) Starts division immediately to produce effector B and T cells once the same pathogen enters which initially entered the body during primary response (©) Initiates the secondary or anamnestic response (@) Are related to all of the above ‘The B-lymphocytes and T-lymphocytes provide which type(s) of acquired immunity : V @ Humoral immunity/antibody mediated immunity and cell mediated immunity respectively (b) Humoral immunity (©) Cell mediated immunity (q) Antibody mediated immunity j 1e cells which in reality release the anti @ 6 Plasma cells, edi 65. 67. 68. (b) Helper-t cei. (©) Cytotoxic Tells (4) Memory cele ‘An antibody is represented as @ Hab, High, (© Hyly Hal, Which one is true for huioral immunity (@) When a pathogen enters blood, Biymp activated and diferentiates into plasma go ©) Undifferentiated B-lymphocytes rem, memory cells my (©) Both (a) and (b) (@ B-lymphocytes produce an army of against pathogen Majority of the antigens are made of (a) Proteins or polysaccharides (®) Lipids (© Glycolipids @ Inorganic molecules Antigens : (a) Are always parts of microorganisms @) Can be pollens, egg-white, certain frais, mig organisms and drugs © Are always proteins @ Are always polysaccharides Antibodies : (@) Are immunoglobulins (b) Are produced in response to haptens (©) Are produced in response to an anit stimulation @ Both (a) and () Haptens : (@) Are incomplete antigens that do not cave» immune response (©) Can bind to MHC effectively (©) Both (a) and (b) (@ Can be DNA, RNA and most of the proves )The heavy and light chains of an antibody conta (@) Fatty acid sequences (b) Sugar unit sequences Amino acid sequences ) All of these Bheoing as @s an antibody, the regions concerned wit! binding : Are extremely variable (b) Are relatively constant| HUMAN HEALTH AND DISEASE | 208 iS com T eee (| eat | Saat | tk [comin wine [camo Vere am afc Hight chains of aM antibody i | “i | ide | cin | Fenn | vale | (a) Phosphoester bond Linke | Dia (BQ Phosphodiester bond oe | ge G Disulphide bonds UA ® Gcosidie bonds The largest antibody is: 41. The lg monomer is - @em ©) IgG ) V-shapded (b) W-shaped © Igo (@) Iga (0) N-shaped & shaped 78} Which of the follo 72. Match the columns : 76. @) Gi) Gv) L immunity? (a) In this type the (b) It includes activ (© Cell-mediated 1. mm. Primary response is oflow intensity ive and passive immunity ‘immunity is responsible for acquired lore than one option is correct + Choose the incorrect statement : (@) Colostrum lacks Iga. (©) Colostrum which cont tains IgA protects infants uring initial stages of lactation (© Colostrum provides infants during lactation (4) Colostrum is secreted in the beginning of lactation Period 77. Find out the true (1), the correct option : Passive immunity to the false (F) statements and choose Antibodies are secreted by B-lymphocytes, natural killer cells and T-lymphocytes Humoral immunity is associated with B-cells The firs line of defence in the immune system is Provided by skin and mucus membrane WV. The antidote given against the snake venom has preformed antibodies Opti ape un in Ww @l| F T T T o| 7 F T F ces F E T Olt T F F eiea-| = |c¢.| >. Lomclor § ze Gane | Goon 78. Which of the following is a major mediator in aller abe | Variable | Contant | Constene 86) | Sh Je emergent ep] reponse bond bony el aoe, (@) IgM () IgG tans nen Wr | va © We @ kp Dy cance | eas | 2a rere regonet| regent | 99, The primary lymphoid organs include | bond dey ne | gam | (a) Thymus and bone marroww | BE | Neer BioLce mmc Tete (OlA Which af the abeve niatenents He Fay 94, a) DO), ) 0), ) (4), 00,0) WZ, Tlynphoeyien (a) Origlinites tn yin (h) Mature tn one mnncvone Ce) Mature In thymus (al) Play a central role In humoral ininayiy, (al) Neither (a) nor (h) 88, Mated the cola (19) Splewun an thyritie (0) Lymph node anid mucous membrane (aD Thyra an spleen 80, Which of the following gion of an antibody blac ani antigen (a) The variable region (1) The constant region (either (a oF (DD 81, ‘The vaceine given agalnat pollo beat type of Tildaaa Ga (a) Active immunization - (b) Passive immunization pe eet eee es (e) Autoimmunigation call * ad (W) None of there 1. Killor tell (Uy ftlmulaies Yea, 82. ‘The most abundant type of antibody In: produce antieaieg (a) IgG (b) Iam 6G. Huprowor'teoll | CD) Hace Ng ig (e) Ile (a) Ww enone? 83, ‘The only antibody that ean erow the placenta and a Destcy hone oy confer Immunity on the foetus ae = (a) IgG (b) IM (0) A=, B= Gi, C= GID, = yy (c) Wed (a) Iga (b) Ax (i), B= (HD, G » Civ), D = 0) ‘84. Arrange sequentially steps of pathogen destruction by (A= Gi), Be (iv, C= (), Do (i) antibodies : @A#(), Be (lv), GUD, D» Ul) 1. Lysis of pathogen & DPT vaccine helps In proyiding, child with 11. Agglutinarion/elumping of pathogens due to (a) Pawsive Immunity GD Active immunity antigen-antibody reaction " (@) Autolmmunity — (@) Innate inmnunlty II, Neutralization occurs when antibodies cover the 90, Major histocompatiility complex (MHC) toxie stes of antigen (a) Isa got of cell surface proteins esventil x IV. Opsonisation acquired Immune system to recognlae foe V, Precipitation molecules W@ NoVoWo loll (b) Binds to antigens derived from pathogens! W) Io WoVolol diyplay them on the cell surface for recogniee ( Wolollotlev the appropriate T-cells W@ Volo Wolo (©) Determines compatibiliy of donors for et 85, An epitope Is transplant as well as one's susceptiilty (a) Antigenie determinant autoimmune — disease via crostentt (b) A part of an antigen that is recognized by the immunization immune system (a) Is related to all of the above . (c) The specific part of antigen to which an antibody 91. Becells mature in_—__ whereas Tells mi? binds ae (a) Thymus; Bone marrow (d) More than one option is correct 86, Read the following statements 5 (i) An antigen always consists of single epitope Gi) Beymphocytes develop into plasma cells under the influence of T-cell released eytokines (ii) Plasma cells secrete antibodies but do not divide (b) Thymus; Spleen (€) Spleen; ‘Thymus (d) Bone marrow; Thymus 92. Which of the following is correct ? (a) Becells are produced in bone marrow there ane (iv) Plasma celts exist in lymphoid tissues {v) The memory B-cells do not divide(b) The precursor of Tees are | Human HEALTH ANG ORES | marrow but leave matros iced wane in bone (o) Tells perform cell mediateg nee im th 100. Vaccines Beels produce antibodieg 4, ™™nty hen sate ns Produced through genetic engineering are immunity Perfor 7 5 nh / 'm humoral a They are the least active form of virus (@) More 2 one option is correct : ) They are attenuated Pathogen 93. MHC is synthesised by (€) They contain antigen only from f found on —_ chromosome ia human’ A a0, (inne aa («) HLA Gluman Leucoujte nnn ans: + ldentify the structures A, B and C related to the (b) HLA; 10th igen); 6th immune system : a (© HLA; 9th @ HLA; Ist ees . - (94) Which ofthe following isnot incorec? y © Creosporins, obtained from fon immunosuppressant BUS, is type of (b) An organ transplant from a tw success rate “tin has avery high (© Cell mediated immune response sponse 4 oon is responsible for All of these -95.)Rassive immunity is obtained by injecting : (@ Antibodies (©) Antigens (© Vaccines @ Antibiotics Opti 96) Immunity acquired after an infection is: ons| Z o ® Pani inmety (© | Tmehoorer [Tims [Lsmphac es Soe mature here aos laos | ctive immunity (0) | Lymph nodes | T-lymphocytes | Lymphatic vessels (@ Both (a) and (b) ope 97. J-chain polypeptide occurs in : fo) | Trms _|_ torpor ve (a) igi and Iga (@ | tymphate vesels | Lymph nodes | Thymus () IgG and Ig G a bs a 102. The first vaccination was performed by : aurea (@) Baward Jenner (b) Louis Pasteur (© EmilBehring (4) Gay Lussac 98.)In vaccination, a preparation of : ceaarie oer F © Antigenic proteins of pathogen are introduced in the body Column-t Column (b) Inactivated pathogens are introduced in the body First generation | () DNA vaccines (©) Weakened pathogens are introduced into the body vaccine Any of the above is used B, Second. (Whole organisms vaccine oe {a new born shall result in generation either live attenuated or Surgical removal of thymus of a ne\ vaccine killed forms failure to produce : cc. Third Subunit vaccine of (a) T-lymphocyte generation recombinant protein es) eyes vaccine component or defined (0) Buymphocyte protein antigens. (©) Basophils ee (@) MonocytesHWP | NceRT sicLogy BOOSTER (cLAss-x!) | @A=(), B= (id, C= Gid (b) A= Gi), B=, cid) (©) A= Gi, B=, C= Ci) (d) A= Gi), B= Gi, C=O 104. Identify W. B-cells in humoral immunity : Mature B-cells | First exposure to an antigen Second/further Y and Z in the flow chart showing fate of exposure to same. tigen oti] wy x x z (@) | Glonesof | Memorycels | Plasma cell | Memory cls Bealls egencrates @ | feats [ueyem | amma | tear ae synthesis ty | "stored in memory cals | lymph nodes | Tells | Memory cells | Antibody | Memory cells Srthess | sored in i spleen @ | Cons ot | Pama cals | amibady | Memory cle | Seas Smtiess | "sored in | spleen and Iyngh nodes > 105, Which of the following graft has least chances of rejection ? (a) Isograft (b) Autograft (c) Allograft (d) Xenograft 106. Monoclonal antibodies : (a) Are antibodies that are made by identical immune cells that are all clones of a unique parent cell (b) Bind to the same epitope (©) Bind to multiple epitopes of different types (d) Are related to more than one option 107. Polyclonal antibody = (a) Are produced by different B-cell lineages (©) Are collections of immunoglobutn my, react against a specific antigen, ea different epitope len (©) Both (a) and (b) (d) Bind to the same epitope 108. Interferons are : (@) Glycolipids () Glycoproteng (© Antibacterial () Pathogenic (Ca : (a) Stands for Mucosal Associated Lymph 4 (&) ts the lymphoid tissue located within ee lining "a (©) Constitutes approximately 50% of the tissue in human body @)s associated with al ofthe above 110. The hepatitis-B vaccine : (2) Is produced from yeasts (2) Production involves recombinant DNA jp (© Both (a) and (b) (@ Provides passive immunity (Biiresa the following statements: (@ Themain antibody produced a result ofaey 16 reaction is IgA Gi) Modern-day life style has resulted in ovens immunity and more sensitivity to allergen Gil) Recombinant DNA technology has allowed production of antigenic polypeptides of ahs in bacteria or yeasts (iv) Allergy is supressed due to release ofhsanie and serotonin (¥) The drugs like antihistamine, adrenaline st steroids quickly reduce the symptoms of lls Which of the above statements are incorrect? @ Gi, Gi, @,) © @,W) (@) (ii), Gi) 112) Allergy involves : (a) Exaggerated response of immune system tocett® antigens present in the environment (b) Non-sensitivity of the immune system © allergens (© Usually life-threatening _hypersenstiviy. immune system to the allergens -. @ Excess synthesis of anti-histamines by ou>™ 113. Allergy is due to the release of (a) Histamine (b) Serotonin (©) Certain chemical from mast cells (€) All of the above le iy, ty, mpch of the following 18 a ch " a Wie ol focal inflammation 7°" S%€ ofthe early (a) Fever : {t Release of histamines (@) Atteriole constriction (a) Attack by cytotoxic T-cells s, anepitope associates with which (a) The heavy chain constant re (b) The antibody tail (o) The light-chain constant regions only (@) The variable regions of a heavy chain combined Part of an anti, ; ody ? gion only 2 chain and light Which of the following isnot true abouthelper T-cells (a) They function in both cell mediated immune response and humoral (b) They bear surface Cb4 (©) They are subject to infection by HIV @ They recognize polysaccharide presented by class-II MHC molecules an the way B-cells and cytotoxic T-cells respond to invaders ? (@) B-cells confer active immunity whereas cytotoxic T-cells confer passive immunity () Becells kill viruses directly whereas cytotoxic T-cells kill virus-infected cells (© Bells secrete antibodies against a virus whereas cytotoxic T-cells kill virus-infected cells (@ B-cells accomplish cell-mediated immunity whereas cytotoxic T-cells accomplish humoral immunity 8. Which of the following results in long-term immunity? (@) The passage of maternal antibodies to a developing foetus (b) The administration of the chicken pox vaccine (© The passage of maternal antibodies to a nursing infant (@) The administration of serum obtained from people immune to rabies 9. After an Rh(+) baby is born to an Rh(-) mother, the mother is treated with antibodies specific for the Rh factor. The purpose of this treatment is to : (@) Protect her from the baby's red blood cells (b) Prevent her from generating memory specific for the Rh factor (© Protect her future Rh(+) babies (4) Both (b) and () B-cells 7. Which of the following best describes the difference in 1 , 20. Identify the correct immune response to an antigen Xin @ healthy person : Day 1 : First exposure to antigen x ' g || Dav 17; Second exposure ei! to antigen X Ell ' atl 1 @ § { | alli | ali /\3 el \ p22 2 ae as 7 Day 1: First exposure cwantigen || Day 17: Second exposure git to antigen X al ' Ealt \ ati \ ) Bilt { Si ' alli | # |! ! 07 14 2 28 35 Days Day 1: First exposure to antigen k =, | Day 17: Second exposure § |! to antigen X a | © §||I i eit 1 sli \ ei 1 & 07 14 2 28 35 —— Days Day 1 : First exposure toantigen X ' g | Day 17: Second exposure & |} 7 “wantigenx at ' ali 4 qi | @ §i|t \ alli A | alli | ZL \ 0 7 14 21 28 35 —_—- Days- HE | NcerT siccosy soosTeR (ciass-xi) | 121, Identify W, X and ¥ in the diagram : Bone Marrow 0 + > a o ¥ Gymph nodes, spleen, etc.) Blood, lymph and lymphoid tissue (@ | Lymphoid stem cell I ori] wy e x @ | Bell Lymphoid stem Tell call @) | Lymphoid stem Becell Tell cell © Tell Lymphoid stem Becell cell Tell Bell 122. Which of the following is true for autoimmune diseases? (@) The immune system loses tolerance for self and tums against certain molecules of the body () Fails to differentiate between self and non-self (molecules/compounds) and body’s own cells get destroyed (© Common examples are rheumatoid arthritis, insulin dependent diabetes, multiple sclerosis, ulcerative colitis and Addison's disease (@) All of the above 123. After maturation, the lymphocytes migrate to : (@) Secondary lymphoid organs @®) Spleen, lymph nodes (© Tonsils of neck and Peyer's patches of small intestine @) More than one of the above options 124. The main lymphoid organ where all blood cells including lymphocytes are produced is : (a) Thymus (b) Bone marrow (© Spleen (@) Lymph nodes 125. The thymus : (a) Isa lobed organ located near the heart and beneath the breast bone . (b) Is quite small at the the of py, Increasing with age (o) By puberty attalna a very big size (d) Is related to all of the above upjayy Hh m5, 126. The spleen : 127. (a) Contains lymphocytes, phayorytoy yyy reservoir of erythrocytes sy (b) Is large bean-shaped organ (©) Acts ava filter ofthe blood by trapping, micro-organisms (d) Is related to all of the above optivny Find out which of the following siatenuiy, (1)/ false (F) and choose the correct opting 1. MALT is absent in lining of respitatyyy, 9, and urogenital tracts ms 1, Antigens trapped in the Iyipiy yy, responsible for the activation of Iyy,,. present there IL. Both bone-marrow anid thymus provide, environments for the developn maturation of T-lymphocytes IV, Lymph nodes serve to trap the micro min, or other antigens, which happen to yi lymph and tissue fluid, Opti ons @ (bo) © @ 128. Identify W, X, Y in the flow chart showing the lve ‘T-cells in cell mediated immunity (CMI) Mature tells | First exposure to an antigen Second/fusther exponite 10 same antigenPF aes e Clones of T-cells. | | 5 [ene of B-cells, jo | Clones of B-cells | Memory cells | stored in bone ;——Marrow Effector cells | Helper T-cells, | cytotoxic T-cell, suppressor T-cells) 29, Father of immunology is : (a) Edward Jenner (b) Robert Koch (©) Louis Pasteur (@ Ferdinand Kohn 30,)HIV targets include all of the following excep: 5 (a) Helper T-cells 3 () Macrophages (© Cells bearing cD4 cytotoxic T-cells 31) Which of the following is incorrect for AIDS ? ‘@ tis a congenital disease Ye) Was firs reported in 1981 in USA (©) Itis caused by HIV (@) It is related to opportunistic infection 5 (@) Isa type of retrovirus (b) Is an enveloped virus (© Possess two copies of ssRNA ©) related to all of the above options . HIV infection is not caused by : § (@Deourtship (b) Sexual contact with infected person (© Transfusion of contaminated blood and blood products and sharing of infected needles ‘ (@) Passage of blood from an infected mother to her child through placenta Memory cells _| Stored in bone or T-cell) Effector celly eMtemory cats ‘red in spleen and lymph nodes poe ey io | Clones of T-cells ) (c) Drug addicts who tal 136. SR RALTH AND Ol mse = (184, nen of the fa () Individuals havi (b) Individuals owing individuals are at high risk of IV infection ? Ang multiple partners who require repeated blood transfusion ke drugs intravenously (4))All of the above ( 185 juIv/aips ; 7” Symptoms always appear within a month of infection b) Can spread by mere touch or physical contact ipreacls when a healthy person's hody fluid comes {n contact with the body fluid of an infected person (A) Is related to all of the above options Tdentify A, B, Cand D in the diagram of HIV : Lipid envelop 5 (derived from a host cell) apiked with viral proteins A —s — Protease Integrate - Vieal RNA SA ——Reverse ~C transcriptase ~p CHB A B © D | Py ap 120 seat p24 | pm oa 120 pi |?” pa a 120 wal @ | 2 wa ow | pa 137. Which of the following is not incorrect ? (a) There is always a time-lag between the infection and appearance of AIDS symptoms (b) The time period for the AIDS symptoms may vary from a few months to Many years, usually 5-10 years (© Both (a) and (b) (@) HIV virus after getting into the human body rarely enters a macrophageRD | Nore mio.oew Boos Te (o1A88-xi) | in the dingrammatie HIV) 5 GD and It 1A, Kennily tation of lie evele of a retrovirny (6.6 Rotrovirs @) Viral RNA core Virus infects Viral protein | normal coll wa & Plasma membrane alla Gytoplasm, Host cell Opa] gp {op | ¢ D E ons @ | Viral | Reverse | Viral | Viral RNA New DNA | ‘trans- | RNA | incorporated into | viruses | criptase host genome | produced | Vir! | Reverse | Vir | Viral DNA |New DNA | trans- | DNA | incorporated into | viruses eriptase host genome _| produced (| Viral | Reverse | Viral | Viral RNA | New RNA | trans- | RNA | incorporated into | viruses criptase host genome | produced @ | Vit | Reverse | viral | Viral DNA |New RNA | trans- | DNA | incorporated into | viruses criptase host genome | produced 139. AIDS is confirmed by : (a) ELISA (b) Western blot Ames test (d) Northern blot an infected human body the ‘HIV-factory’ (a) Sperm (b) Ova (Macrophages _(A) Spleen cells 141. Which of the following enzymatic activity is possessed by Reverse transcriptase ? (a) RNA-dependent DNA polymerase activity (b) Ribonuclease activity (c) DNA-dependent DNA polymerase a ( @) All of the above 142. Match the columns W.rt. HIV-enzym functions : tivity ng ‘A Reverse © Imegrates the py transcriptase by reverse tana én hosts genome". B, Protease Performs Teninn C.tmegrase | GD Cleaves tye po. (© A= Gi), B= @ @ A= (iii), B 143. Arrange in sequence, the steps of life cyee oj 1. The progeny viruses released in the boo other helper T-lymphocytes “ I, After getting into the body of a person, enters macrophages and helper Teel. , RNA genome of virus replicates to form iin with the help of reverse transcriptase IM, The viral DNA gets incorporated into ba: and directs the infected cells to produc i particles IV. Progressive decrease in the number of te ‘T-lymphocytes in the body of infected pesca @ sions (b) I> 1 1V (@ IsIomsv @I+Vvom1 . 144. The person with AIDS is prone to infection by (a) Mycobacterium (b) Toxoplasma (©) Other viruses (dl) All of the above 145. A widely used diagnostic test for AIDS is: (a) ELISA (b) Ames test (©) Northern blotting (4) ALT test 146. Treatment of AIDS with anti-retroviral dus (a) Is fally effective 7 (b) Can only prolong life of the patient prevent death (c) Is ineffective ,! the = (d) Can eliminate the HIV totally fro" 7 treatment starts just after the in confirmed147. NACO stands for | Human HEALTH AND Disease | (a) National AIDS Contro} Organisar; (b) National AIDS Collaboraqn S8tion 184. tonizing 14 7 izing radiations like (© National Addicts Controt gan sAtion mi (@) National Awareness ang ga ™#tion w © and © — and non- renin Fadiations like —O__ cause DNA damage " leading to neoplasti fe Bani c transformatios 4s. When HIV enters a T-lymphocyte, ia (2 A= Kays, B = Gamma rayne = UV-rays ms : 0 © dsena ms 0) Az Xmay5,B = Uvraye, C2 Gam rays (© mRNA ©) dspna, © A= X-rays, B= Gamma-rays, ¢ 49. Choose the correct statement ; @) A= Infrared rays, B= (@) AIDS is fully curable 155. The major cause of lung cance IV at - (@) Tob O Mantes MAREE Tells ang Teduces their ©) sofednnge (©) HIV specifically kills B-cens i oe inks (@) AIDSis not associated wi opportunistic: ‘apours of e-cigarettes 50. Which medicine is Pfeceribea to 2 Hvenateton ovis ot the Benes When activated in a normal human : 2 i dy women so that foetus remaing Sale from ry gore aNE ~@ body can eatuse cancer? @ Zidovudine infection? (@) Cellular-oncogene (b) Streptomycin 187, Find ; (© Retrovir ind out which of the stateme; (2) More than one option is correct and choose the correct option : ¥ Cancer causing viruses called oncogenic viruses modify the host’s genome Cancer detection is bas ‘marrow tests and histo 1. ed on biopsy, bone pathological studies of ‘the tissue and blood UL. Techniques likes radiography (X-rays), computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRD are very useful to defect cancers of internal organs 'N. Antibodies against cancer-specific antigens are use for the detection of certain cancers ~ (@) Benign tumors do not spread : = 2) Read the following statements : ons £ ue a ay @ Malignant tumors are the mass of non walat t FF : _— Proliferating cells called neoplastic cells ; : - : (i) Malignant tumor starves. the normal cells by L® competing for vital nutrients ol] tf T T T Gi) Cells of malignant tumors show metastasis | F r [ot Gv) The cells of malignant tumor severely looses the Property of contact inhibition 158, Lomputed tomography (CT) uses : () The cells sloughed from benign tumor reach (2) X-rays to generate 3D image of areas inside the distant sites through blood, where they get Y “—~ bogy ' lodged to start a new tumor (b) Gamma-rays to generate 3D image of areas inside How many of the above statements are correct ? _ i on as © @) Five (b) Four © Two Three (@) Ultrasound to generate 2p image of the areas inside the body Biological agents causiig cancer is : (@) X-rays (b) UV-rays © Formaldehyde —_(@) Certain viruses——______ © _ 164. Identify the tumor suppressing gene Physiological (2) Oncogene (®) sRY ©) Pseudogene (@) ps3 6S,Lercinomas are malignant grow , whereas sarcomas are malignan, — Bony (@)Ectoderm; mesoderm ASRVEE ue soony NS seccurimee Gener BD wagmece Sede nomiomicing radiations ( ‘Seam of elecrroms = ionizing radiations ) ASQ Sereescin is so cut reas comoer (@ Mesoderm; endoderm le Eure ds bind to specific receptors ren na ) Gastrointestinal tract and centre] qwimeitron amines imme system in tumor on 20H pp putiens snd hlns in desroving the tumor ( CNS only @ Cremccherspy has side-etfecss Hke hairloss and @ pees oS Sagas ee @ None of the above i eer one eee oe eee 167. ‘Smack =r herapy and chemotherapy . - (SO Mojecuiir Sinlogy sachnignes are being applied to pO arp Areas S enss im individuals with inher () Sweet to taste saxegcibiity co cerin canoer (© Obtained by acetylation of morphine (©) Br Ieniteemia, there is uremendoms increase in the (@) Extracted from the latex of Cannabis srg sumer of lenancyaes 168. Heroine is : How cuny af the above statements are correct ? (@) Chemically Delta 9-THC @ Fre @) Four (®) Smack © Bae @ Three (© Both (a) and (b) @ Extracted from Avena 162. Mach the cokes = 169. Marijuana, hashish, charas and eer eee 0 Yi —— A Gime |@ Gqueer of pigment cells of (@) Cannabis sativa 5 tgmphome =~ Canoerof'glands fe es C Msimame =) Gamer of Iymphatic tissue pasta te Do Adenome (Cancer of giial cells of central * as 70. the following statements about @ int identify the drug. V 1 These are known for their fic cardiovascular system of the body M. These interact with the recepon 1 @ B=@, C= @),D= Principally in brain 163. Wich of the following is incomect ? TIL. Generally taken by inhalation and or (@) Lecksemie results in uncontrolled proliferation of IV. These are obtained from a variety of te? — 7 (a) Papaver somniferum ® Ceschomas ame malignant growths of the (b) Enthroxyium coca So : (© Atropa belladona \o) Sercome i 4 malignant rumor of connective tissues Cannabis sativa - ane Ipmph nodes 171. heentify the plant A, B and C which yields Nome of these aotc Mi) a | Drug | Bo | Drug) ¢ | Drug ‘cmabis| Canna | Datura | Morphine | Popowr | Hac ) Carne pine | op inogen amt | Motive | Dare | cm [pe Hotcrone emai | conine | Darr | Have. | Rowe] | Mortine ingen [eats] Gans | Dare | vat | Re | Metin Sibi foogen 2. Choose the correct option for the chemical structure shown : (@) It is a depressant and slows down body function (b) Itis obtained from Atropa belladona (©) Itis obtained from Cannabis sativa (@) Ithas hallucinating properties HUMAN HEALTH AND orsese |! SE 173, Smack is : (a) White, odorless, biter and crystalline compoand (b) Chemically diaceryimorphine (©) Obtained by acetylation of morphine (6) Related to more than one option 174, Which of the following is correct for the chemical structure shown ? co S | Ae (@ Itis generally taken by snorting and injection (6) It's obtained from Datura and Erythroxylum coca (© Itis generally taken by inhalation and oral ingestion (@ Itis always taken by injection Heroin is obtained by the acetylation of morphine ‘which is extracted from the latex of : (@ Cannabis sativa somniferum (© Atropa belladona (d) Frythraxylon coca Coca is obtained from : Y @eothrayium a (© Atropa 1177. Morphine is a: (@) Hallucinogen (b) Depressant and slows down body functions (© Sedative and pain killer (4) Chemical that accelerates dopamine transport 178. Heroin is : (@) Commonly called ‘coke’ or ‘crack’ (b) A cannabinoid (©) Diacetyl morphine (@) Used to treat depression and insomnia 179. Erythroxylum coca is : (@ Commonly called coke or crack (b) Native to South America (©) Both (a) and (b) (@ A potent stimulant of intestines B (b) Datura (@) CannabisBAB | NceRT siotosy soosTeR (cuss | 180. Match the columns : ©) er | T Column-t Column-It @] ot | T Tv el A. LsDand @ Stimulant cannabinoids 185. Read the following statements B. Amphetamines | (i) Hallucinogen (@ The side effects of anabolic steroids jn fama ls C Barbiturates and Interferes with transport benzodiazepines of dopamine D.__ Cocaine Giv)__ Sedative fa A A © A= (i); B= @;C = Gi); D = @, Gi) (@) A= Gi); B = (i), C= (iv); @ 182) Nicotine causes/stimulates —~ (a) The fall in blood pressure (b) The decrease in heart rate Adrenal gland to release adrenaline and nor- adrenaline into blood circulation (@) All of the above 182, Smoking is associated with the increased incidence of : ——~ (a) Cancers of lung, urinary bladder and throat (b) Bronchitis, emphysema (©) Gastric ulcer and coronary disease (More than one option 183. Smoking ¥ (a) Reduces the concentration of haembound oxygen 4 (b) Increases carbon mono-oxide content in blood (Q Cause 0, deficiency in body ) Is related to all of these 1. Addiction is a psychological attachment to certain, effects such as euphoria and a temporary feeling of well-being assoicated with drugs and alcohol Il. Hepatitis-B infection does not spread by infected needles and syringes among drug abusers but AIDS can ‘The chronic use of alcohol causes cirrhosis tL. IV. Tobacco chewing is associated with the increased risk of oral cancer Opti ¢ ey: [= [= | @) 2 7 a ® F T z Gee es =e (1)/false (F) statements and eo aa) LSD is got from the correct option : Fa include masculinisation, abnormal cycle, excessive hair on body, deepening of and enlargement of clitoris Nie ‘The side effects of anabolic steroids in include acne, increased agressiveness, swing, reduction in testicle size and dean’ sperm count, enlargement of prostate gina premature baldness, kidney liver dysfunction ng breast enlargement ‘Dependence’ is the tendency of body to maniey a characteristic and unpleasant ‘withéry) syndrome’ if regular dose of drugs/aleoho) j, abruptly discontinued With the repeated use of drugs/alcoho! the tolerance level of the receptors in our body increases, as a result receptors respond only) higher doses of drugs/alcohol leading to grit: intake and addiction (v) Analgesic drugs relieve pain How many of the above statements are correct ? (@) Five () Four (© Two (@) Three srown sugar is: Heroine (©) Hashish ai Gi) (iv) (b) Barbiturate @ LsD ) Lichen (© Algae @ Bacteria 188. LSD is obtained from : (a) Claviceps (b) Agaricus (© Ephedra (d) Penicillium (19) farcotics are {G@) Heroine and morphine 1" Caffeine (© LSD and cocaine (@ Barbiturate and benzodiazepine(0 | HUMAN HEALTH AND DISEASE | oa @) 122, @ 128, @ 124, ® yl, (a) 132. (d) @ 142. ©) i @ 128. @ 129. @) _@ © 137) © 138. @ 13% &) _@ () 147. @ 148. (@ 149.) (©) 152. (4) 153. @) |154.) @ (155. (@) 156. @ 157. (@ 158. (@) 159 (@) 162, (@) 163.) (@) 1642) @ 165. (@) 166, (@) 167-, © 168. ©) 169. (a) 370) 472. (@) 47301 @) (474, © 47S.) ©) 176, @) “177 © APB. (©) 179: ©) 480, 381, (©) 182. (@) "Yes. (@)_184. (>) (185. @) 186. (@) 1870! (@) 188s. (@)_189) @) 126. (4) 127-