DIRECTIVE WORDS « Break an issue into its constituent parts. + Look in depth at cach part using supporting arguments & evidence for & against + interrelation, * Answer must be concluded by addressing the central idea of the topic. CLARIFY = Literally clarily something, where appropriate- make it simple. * This could involve, for example, explaining in simpler terms a complex process/ theory or the relationship between two variables. + Bg.- what is tween balance sheet syndrome: explain in such a language that anyone can understand. COMPARE = Identify the similarities & differences between two/ more events. + Say if any of the shared similarities/ differences are more important than others, + Compare & contrast will often feature together in an essay question. ADMIRE IAS CRITICALLY ANALYSE + You need to investigate & explain the nature of definitions or concept of a question/ topic & explain the way they are interrelated. * Ieinclude a vast discussion of pros & cons, strength & weakness of definition & concepts. + Support the argument by providing supporting evidence. COMMENT UPON * You'll have to give your opinion by picking out the main points ona subject. + Reapply your point using logic & reference for relevant evidence, including any comprehensive reading you have done + Your opinion may be for or against, but you must back your argument with, evidences. * Say what you think & have observed about something.Back up your comments using appropriate evidence from external sources. + Include any views which are contrary to your ‘own & how they relate to what you originally thought. + For example, consider the following statement: Neharu made mistake by rising the issue of kashmir to the United Nations.DIRECTIVE WORDS ADMIRE IAS Similar to compare but focus on inequalities between two/ more phenomena/ what differentiates them. * Point out any differences which are particularly important, STATE * Specifying key aspects of a topic in clear terms without being explicitly descriptive. * Where appropriate,refer to evidence examples SHOW HOW + Present, in a logical order ,& with reference to = Relevant evidence the stages & combination of factors that give rise to something. JUSTIFY * Create a case by providing a body of evidence to support your ideas & perspectives. + To present a balanced argument, consider opinions that may contradict wour own, before standing your conclusion. DEFINE = To give the meaning of an object in precise terms. + Take into account any problems with definition & various interpretations. SUMMARISE + Give a short version illustrating the main facts & omit superfluous information. + Briei/ general examples would normally suffice for such an answer + A similar instruction to'explain' whereby you are asked to show the working of something. * If appropriate use examples & statics to add weight to your explanation. EXPLORE * Adopt a questioning approach & consider different perspective. Where possible reconcile opposing views by presenting a final argument.DIRECTIVE worps | {4 . IDENTIFY = Determine which key point are to be addressed & what are its implications * To provide a lot of detail & information on a topic/ argument. OUTLINE REVIEW ing + Look thoroughly in to a subject. This should be a critical assessment & not merely descriptive. " Convey the key points emphasi global structures & relationships rather than minute detail. DEMONSTRATE + Show how , with examples to + Give a detailed explanation as to illustrate. how & why something happened. CRITICALLY GIVE AN DISCUSS ACCOUNT OF . erson tras: ive his/her point of view * Means. a detailed description of Ape has to give his/her peint of vis Bakers regarding the question * Also , discuss the points of criticism regarding the concept, a * Don't be confused with'account for” which ask you not only what, but why somethingDIRECTIVE a) WORDS * Demonstrate your understanding of an issue/ topic. * It may be the use of special terminology by an author, or what the findings from a place of research suggest to you. + In the latter instance, comment on any significant patterns & causal relationships. CRITICALLY EXAMINE ighlights negativity & positivity. + Examine both sides of the coin, * End with a balanced conclusion. DISCUSS + Essentially this is a written debate whore you are using your skill at reasoning, backed up by carefully selected evidence to make a case for & against an argument. * Or states the advantage & disadvantage of a given context, * Don't forget to conclude your answer. Examine * Look closely & establish the key facts & important issues surrounding a topic. * This should be a critical assessment & you should try to find out facts & issues you have identit ed are the most important ones. * And at the same time exy ways they can be constructed. in the various TO WHAT EXTENT + Evoke a similar response to questions containing’ how far... + This type of questions calls tor deeper evaluation of the evidence in presenting your argument. + Explore alternative explanation where they exist. * Break the statement/ topic into paragraph of positive/ negative aspect. End with a comment on why you think it is worthy or unworthyDIRECTIVE WORDS ADMIRE IAS * (By using critically, Examiner expected a unbiased decision) to what extent a statement/findings within a piece of research is correct, or what extent you agree with them , give your verdict... * Provide a evidence derived from a wide range of sources that agree & contradict an argument. = Come to a final conclusion, based on your decision on what is the most important factor, & explain how you have made your choice. ASSESS + Weigh up to what extent something is true. * Convince the reader of your argument by citing relevant research, but at the same time remember to point out any Hlows & counter- arguments. + Conclude by stating clearly how far you are in agreement with the original proposition. Bg.- India has become a plutocracy. * Clarity a topic by giving a detailed account as to how & why it occur / what is meant by the use of this term in a particular context. * There should be clarity in your writing so that complex processes / sequences of events can be understood, * Defining the key terms where appropriate & be substantiated with relevant research. + Eg.- explain why air quality of Delhi is so poor.