7 Distant Shores

page 95
7.10 hear sth on the grapevine (expr) /hɪər
ˈsʌmθɪŋ ɒn ðə ˈɡreɪpvaɪn/
hear a piece of news from informal sources,
7.1 glow-worm (n) /ɡləʊ wɜːm/
through gossip ● I heard on the grapevine that
a kind of insect, the female of which produces
the area is to become a designated nature
a green light at the end of its tail ● At night, we
reserve, but I’m not sure if it’s true.
could see the flickering lights of glow-worms
in the bushes outside our tent. 7.11 pristine (adj) /ˈprɪstiːn/
very clean and well maintained ● The white
7.2 shimmer (v) /ˈʃɪmə(r)/
steps leading to the village church were kept in
shine brightly, esp on the surface of sth
pristine condition.
moving ● Moonlight shimmered on the ripples
of the lake. ➣ shimmer (n) 7.12 seething (adj) /ˈsiːðɪŋ/
moving energetically in a large number ● The

Reading pages 96-97

watermelon skin left on the beach was
covered by a seething swarm of wasps. ➣
seethe (v)
7.3 detox (v) /ˈdiːtɒks/
detoxify; cleanse your body of harmful 7.13 begrudge (v) /bɪˈɡrʌdʒ/
resent that sb has sth which you feel they don’t
substances by following a certain diet and routine
● After the excesses of Christmas parties, deserve ● You shouldn’t begrudge him taking a
Neil felt he had to detox from meats and long holiday since he’s been working so hard
sweets to get back in shape. ➣ detoxify (v), for years. ➣ begrudgingly (adv)
detox (n), detoxification (n) 7.14 trappings (n) /ˈtræpɪŋz/
physical signs or decoration usually associated
7.4 prosperity (n) /prɒˈsperəti/
with sth ● The resort has all the trappings
success and wealth ● The country’s prosperity
depends on the tourism sector. ➣ prosper (v), of a traditional British seafront town with its
prosperous (adj), prosperously (adv) promenade and colourful beach huts.
✎ Syn: affluence 7.15 sensibilities (n) /ˌsensəˈbɪlətiz/
sensitive feelings ● Detracting from the historic
7.5 detrimental (adj) /ˌdetrɪˈmentl/ damaging
● Plans for the construction of a significance of the site, the tacky souvenir
hotel complex on the beach were opposed on shops offended the sensibilities of the more
the grounds that it would be detrimental to the discerning visitors. ➣ sensible (adj), sensibly
environment. ➣ detriment (n), detrimentally (adv)
(adv) 7.16 trickle down (phr v) /ˈtrɪkl daʊn/
move very slowly from the top to the lower
7.6 take the plunge (expr) /teɪk ðə plʌndʒ/
levels ● Little of the income generated from
decide to do sth risky despite being nervous
about it ● They finally took the plunge and high-end cruise ships has trickled down to
the local ecomony. ➣ trickle (n)
signed up for the Himalayan trek.
7.17 make a dent in sth (expr) /maɪk ə dent ɪn
7.7 off the beaten track (expr) /ɒf ðə ˈbiːtən ˈsʌmθɪŋ/
træk/
make a difference by reducing the amount
in an isolated spot ● I stopped for the night a
of sth ● The mild winter made a dent in the
backpackers hostel off the beaten track in the
takings at the ski resort as there was no snow
Scottish Highlands.
on the slopes for weeks.
7.8 answer for (phr v) /ˈɑːnsə(r) fə(r)/
7.18 haggle (v) /ˈhæɡl/
admit responsibility for sth; make up for doing
try to reach an agreement over a price ● After
sth ● When the tiny island of Spinalonga
haggling over the extortionate taxi fare, the
became overrun with tourists, the locals
driver finally accepted the reasonable amount
felt the TV series filmed there had a lot to
we offered.
answer for.
7.19 novelty (adj) /ˈnɒvlti/
7.9 simplistic (adj) /sɪmˈplɪstɪk/
unusual or out of the ordinary ● As the
making sth appear simpler than it is ● The
passengers disembarked, street sellers laden
government’s plan to tax hotels even further
with novelty items awaited at the port. ➣
is far too simplistic and will reduce revenues novelty (n), novel (adj)
in the long term. ➣ simplify (v), simplification
(n), simplistically (adv)

1
 7.20 measly (adj) /ˈmiːzli/ 7.32 lax (adj) /læks/
disapprovingly small or insignificant ● The not strict ● We hastily exited the smoke-filled
minimum wage was reduced to a measly three restaurant, appalled at the lax attitude to
euros per hour. the anti-smoking laws.
7.21 add insult to injury (expr) /æd ˈɪnsʌlt tə 7.33 ivory (n) /ˈaɪvəri/
ˈɪndʒəri/
the hard whitish substance that forms the
make a bad situation worse ● Our train was tusks of elephants and some other animals
delayed by six hours, and to add insult to ● Melinda refused to touch her grandma’s
injury, the station cafe had closed, so old piano, disgusted that the keys were
there were no refreshments available. made of real ivory.
7.22 put one over on sb (expr) /pʊt wʌn ˈəʊvə(r) 7.34 turn a blind eye to (expr) /tɜːn ə blaɪnd aɪ
ɒn ˈsʌmbədi/ tuː/
fool (sb); deceive ● I’m sure the taxi driver put pretend you don’t notice sth ● Unwilling to turn
one over on us by taking us by the longest a blind eye to animal abuse, Irene posted
route to the museum. a video of the cruel donkey driver on her
7.23 voluntourism (n) /ˌvɒlənˈtʊərɪz(ə)m/ blog which went viral.
a type of tourism that allows travellers to do 7.35 crackpot (adj) /ˈkrækpɒt/
voluntary work in countries they want to visit unusual or crazy ● Brian’s latest crackpot idea
● Voluntourism has attracted foreign is to go swimming with whales. ➣ crackpot (n)
visitors to assist with wildlife projects, such
as the sea turtle rescue project in Greece. 7.36 commendable (adj) /kəˈmendəbl/
➣ voluntourist (n) worthy of praise ● The hotel facilities and
service were highly commendable; our stay
7.24 goodwill (n) /ˌɡʊdˈwɪl/ was worth every penny. ➣ commend (v),
helpful intentions towards others ● In a spirit commendation (n), commendably (adv)
of goodwill, Sue offered the homeless man
a bottle of water and a sandwich. 7.37 implicit (adj) /ɪmˈplɪsɪt/
indirectly suggested ● Her ongoing support
7.25 exacerbate (v) /ɪɡˈzæsəbeɪt/ was implicit from the tone of her voice.
worsen a bad a situation ● That cream will ➣ imply (v), implication (n), implicitly (adv)
only exacerbate your sunburn; try
some yoghurt instead. ➣ exacerbation 7.38 blare (v) /bleər/
(n) make a very loud noise ● Music blared from
the nearby nightclub till the small hours of the
7.26 secluded (adj) /sɪˈkluːdɪd/ morning. ➣ blare (n)
in a place far away or sheltered from other
people ● What had formerly been a secluded 7.39 souk (n) /suːk/
beach on our previous visits had been a traditional Arab market ● We purchased an
transformed into an exclusive spa complex. assortment of spices and a colourful rug at the
➣ seclude (v), seclusion (n) souk.

7.27 spew (v) /spjuː/

emit in large amounts ● Black smoke spewed
Places
out from the huge funnel of the ship.
brink province
7.28 cargo (n) /ˈkɑːɡəʊ/ enclave souk
things transported in a ship or plane ● The foothill
precious cargo of antiquities was
recovered from the shipwreck.
7.29 soapbox (n) /ˈsəʊpbɒks/
a box or platform you stand on to declare your
views in public ● Vicky’s on her soapbox again Vocabulary pages 98-99-100
about immigration.
7.40 oddity (n) /ˈɒdəti/
7.30 imperialistic (adj) /ɪmˌpɪəriəˈlɪstɪk/ sth/sb that appears strange ● If the Tower of
supporting the attitude that one country is Pisa is ever returned to a vertical position, it
inferior to another ruling power ● The Inuit could cease to become the oddity that attracts
are still up against the imperialistic notion millions of visitors. ➣ odd (adj), oddly (adv)
that they all live in igloos. ➣ imperialism (n),
7.41 rarity (n) /ˈreərəti/
imperialist (n)
sth that's rare ● Asian restaurants were once
7.31 discrepancy (n) /dɪsˈkrepənsi/ a rarity in Greece, but now they are becoming
a difference between things that should be the more commonplace. ➣ rare (adj), rarely (adv)
same ● The passenger was detained by police
when the check-in staff noticed a discrepancy
on his passport.

2
7.42 deciding (adj) /dɪˈsaɪˌdɪŋ/ 7.54 unbridled (adj) /ʌnˈbraɪdld/
that affects a result more than other things uncontrolled and excessive ● The children’s
● The weather forecast will be the deciding eyes shone with unbridled enthusiasm at the
factor in their choice of destination for their prospect of visiting Disneyland.
winter beak. ➣ decide (v), decision (n), decisive
(adj), decidedly (adv), decisively (adv) 7.55 buzz (n) /bʌz/
a strong and enjoyable feeling of excitement
7.43 desired (adj) /dɪˈzaɪəd/ ● Motorcycle racing gives Richard a real buzz.
wanted ● The tour operator’s advertising
➣ buzz (v)
campaign had the desired effect and bookings
began to pour in. ➣ desire (v), desire (n), 7.56 out of this world (expr) /aʊt əv ðɪs wɜːld/
desirability (n), desirable (adj), desirous (adj), amazing; impressive ● The view from our
desirably (adv) terrace at sunset was out of this world.
7.44 dim (adj) /dɪm/ 7.57 out of the ordinary (expr) /aʊt əv ðə ˈɔːdnri/
vague; unclear ● Brad had a dim recollection strange or different ● The concept of an
of visiting the Parthenon twenty years earlier. underwater hotel is somewhat out of the
➣ dim (v), dimly (adv) ordinary.
7.45 educated guess (n) /ˈedʒukeɪtɪd ges/ 7.58 drive (sb/sth) out (phr v) /draɪvˈsʌmbədi/
a guess likely to be correct based on existing ˈsʌmθɪŋ aʊt/
knowledge ● Making an educated guess, I’d say compel sb/sth to leave a place ● The last
the kittens are about two months old. remaining villagers were driven out in
the 1960s when the area was
7.46 narrow escape (n) /ˈnærəʊ ɪˈskeɪp/
designated an archaeological site.
a situation where you only just avoid danger
● We had a very narrow escape when the 7.59 wipe out (phr v) /waɪp aʊt/
plane almost crash landed on the trees destroy completely ● The emperor ordered the
close to the runway. destruction of the temples to wipe out traces of
the ancient polytheist religion.
7.47 prime (adj) /praɪm/
major; typical ● The temple was a prime 7.60 dawn on (phr v) /dɔːn ɒn/
example of sixth-century Greek architecture. finally begin to understand ● It suddenly
➣ prime (v), prime (n) dawned on us that we had missed the last bus
to our hotel, so we hitched a lift from a kindly
7.48 enclave (n) /ˈenkleɪv/
fellow tourist.
a small area of a city or country where the
community has a unique culture ● Women are 7.61 itinerary (n) /aɪˈtɪnərəri/
not allowed to visit the monastic enclave on a plan and schedule for a journey ● The five-
the rocky peninsula. day itinerary includes a tour of UNESCO sites.
7.49 unsettling (adv) /ʌnˈsetlɪŋ/ 7.62 stumble upon (phr v) /ˈstʌmbl ʌpɒn/
worrying ● Seeing how the island’s economy find by chance ● They happened to stumble
had deteriorated so drastically was an upon the ruins of an ancient sanctuary when
unsettling experience. ➣ unsettle (v) hiking in the wild cross country.
7.50 influx (n) /ˈɪnflʌks/ ✎ Also: stumble across
the arrival of people or goods, etc. in large
numbers ● Apart from the weekly influx of
cruise passengers on their day trip, Phrasal verbs
business has been very quiet on the island answer for drive (sb/sth) out
this year. cling on to stumble upon
7.51 injection (n) /ɪnˈdʒekʃn/ come in for trickle down wipe
a large amount of money put in to support a dawn on out
business, etc. ● Despite the injection of grants
to develop tourism, small businesses have
become unviable due to tax measures. 7.63 tranquillity (n) /træŋˈkwɪləti/
➣ inject (v) the state of undisturbed quiet and
7.52 short-sighted (adj) /ˌʃɔːt ˈsaɪtɪd/ peacefulness ● The tranquillity of the pine
not considering the possible consequences of forest was shattered by a blast of loud music
sth ● It was a very short-sighted decision to blaring from a parked camper van.
turn up in the city without making a prior hotel ➣ tranquillise (v), tranquilliser (n), tranquil (adj)
booking. ➣ short-sightedness (n) 7.64 sparsely (adv) /ˈspɑːsli/
7.53 cautionary (adj) /ˈkɔːʃənəri/ with only small numbers or amounts of sth
giving a warning ● His travel blog gave a in a large area ● The holiday apartment was
cautionary tale explaining the hazards of sparsely furnished, offering only the basic
travelling alone in the area. ➣ caution (v), facilities. ➣ sparseness (n), sparse (adj)
caution (n), cautious (adj), cautiously (adv)
3
 7.65 vaccine (n) /ˈvæksiːn/ Zealand.
a chemical put into the body to protect from
disease ● Unfortunately, there is no vaccine to
protect against mosquito-borne diseases such
as dengue, which is prevalent in Asia
and South America. ➣ vaccinate (v),
vaccination (n)
7.66 phenomenal (adj) /fəˈnɒmɪnl/
very large or impressive ● A phenomenal
range of souvenirs and other local goods
were on sale in the souk. ➣ phenomenon (n),
phenomenally (adv)
7.67 devastate (v) /ˈdevəsteɪt’/
destroy completely ● The tsunami had
devastated the island within minutes.
➣ devastation (n), devastating (adj), devastatingly
(adv)
7.68 wreak (v) /riːk/
cause sth bad to happen ● Wildfires invariably
wreak destruction across the country in the
dry season.
7.69 province (n) /ˈprɒvɪns/
an area of a country not including the capital
city ● Life can appear idyllic in the provinces
so long as adequate facilities, such as medical
care, are close at hand. ➣ provincial (adj),
provincially (adv)
7.70 wham (excl) /wæm/
used to denote a loud sound or sudden event
● A lightning bolt struck the tower – wham!
– right in front of us.
7.71 whim (n) /wɪm/
a spontaneous desire to do sth that may not
be necessary or practical ● They set off to
explore the underwater caves on a whim.
➣ whimsical (adj), whimsically (adv)
7.72 play it by ear (expr) /pleɪ ɪt baɪ ɪə(r)/
decide what to do as a situation develops
without a forward plan ● The ski slopes may
not be open, but let’s just head for Parnassos
and play it by ear when we arrive.
7.73 the tip of the iceberg (expr) /ðə tɪp əv ðə
ˈaɪsbɜːɡ/
the smallest visible part of a larger problem
● The online review represents only the
tip of the iceberg as only a handful of
people bothered to complain about the
service.
7.74 a drop in the ocean (expr) /ə drɒp ɪn ðə
ˈəʊʃn/
an insignificant amount, not large enough
to change a situation ● Though the food
packages were welcome, they were just a
drop in the ocean compared to the number of
starving homeless.
7.75 on the spur of the moment (expr) /ɒn ðə
spɜː əv ðə ˈməʊmənt/
without forward planning ● On a cold winter’s
night in Aberdeen, we decided on the spur of
the moment to book a holiday in New
4
7.76 a riot of (sth) (expr) /ə ˈraɪət əv ˈsʌmθɪŋ/ a
mass of different types of the same thing
● The trees were a riot of orange hues in late
autumn.
7.77 a stone’s throw (expr) /ə stəʊnz θrəʊ/
a short distance away ● Their bungalow was
just a stone’s throw from a secluded beach.

Expressions
a drop in the ocean a
riot of (sth)
a stone’s throw add
insult to injury make
a dent in sth off the
beaten track
on the spur of the moment
out of the ordinary
out of this world
play it by ear
put one over on sb
take the plunge
the tip of the iceberg
turn a blind eye to

7.78 microclimate (n) /ˈmaɪkrəʊklaɪmət/

a small geographic area whose climate differs
from the surrounding area ● Casablanca has its
own microclimate which tends to be cooler than
the rest of Morocco.
7.79 microcopy (n) /ˈmaɪkrəˈkɒpi/
the short-form text used in apps and
transactions ● Microcopy shows up in online
error boxes explaining what users should do.
7.80 microcosm (n) /ˈmaɪkrəʊkɒzəm/
sth that includes all the elements of sth
much larger ● The island was a microcosm of
the whole country. ➣ microcosmic (adj),
microcosmically (adv)
7.81 peculiar (to) (adj) /pɪˈkjuːliə/
belonging to ● This particular species of fish is
peculiar to the lake at Prespes.
7.82 embark (v) /ɪmˈbɑːk/
get on a ship; start out doing sth ● We said our
final goodbyes and left our friends to embark
on the ferry. ➣ embarkation (n)
✎ Opp: disembark
7.83 embody (v) /ɪmˈbɒdi/
represent the concept of sth ● The Olympic
Games embody the spirit of international peace
and cooperation. ➣ embodiment (n)
7.84 come in for (phr v) /kʌm ɪn fə(r/
be subject to ● The local authority has come
in for a lot of criticism about the state of the
beaches.
7.85 cling on to (phr v) /klɪŋ ɒn tuː/
be unwilling to give sth up ● Sadie clung on to
the dream that one day she would be able to
travel to every continent.

5
 7.86 brag (v) /bræɡ/
show off; boast arrogantly ● He bragged to his
gang about stealing the car. ➣ brag (n)
7.87 gloat (v) /ɡləʊt/
express pleasure at sth you succeeded in
Video 7: Reef Cleaner
at sb else’s expense ● It’s time the new page 108
government stopped gloating over their
7.95 entanglement (n) /ɪnˈtæŋɡlmənt/
victory and started putting their pre-election
the state of being caught or trapped in sth
promises into action. ➣ gloating (adj)
● Loggerhead turtles are prone to injury
7.88 swagger (v) /ˈswæɡə(r)/ through entanglement in fishing nets.
walk in an exaggerated, overtly proud way ➣ entangle (v)
● The victor swaggered off the court, ✎ Opp: disentanglement
waving to his fans and brandishing his
7.96 barge (n) /bɑːdʒ/
trophy.
a long, flat-bottomed boat ● Colourful
➣ swagger (n)
gondolas and barges were lined up along the
7.89 concurrently (adv) /kən side of the canal.
ˈkʌrəntli/ at the same time as sth
else ● The
photography and art courses run
concurrently, so you can’t attend both in the
same term.
➣ concur (v), concurrence (n), concurrent (adj)
7.90 recurrently (adv) /rɪˈkɜːrəntli/
repeatedly ● She had the same dream
recurrently for several nights in a row. ➣
recur (v), recurrence (n), recurrent (adj),
recurring (adj)
7.91 concurringly (adv) /kənˈkʌrɪŋli/
with the same opinion as sth else ● The
department heads agreed concurringly to
close the office for two weeks during the
holiday season. ➣ concur (v), concurrence (n),
concurring (adj)
7.92 cursively (adv) /ˈkɜːsɪvli/
in a manner with the letters joined together ● It
is a rarity to read script written cursively in
our digital age. ➣ cursive (adj)
7.93 explicitly (adv) /ɪkˈsplɪsɪtli/
openly and directly ● Reception staff are
explicitly instructed to be courteous to
guests.
➣ explicitness (n), explicit (adj)
7.94 extravagantly (adv) /ɪkˈstrævəɡəntli/
in an excessive way ● The building was
extravagantly decorated with gold-trimmed
wall paintings. ➣ extravagance (n),
extravagant (adj)

Nouns: states
microclimate resilience
microcosm sensibilities
oddity tranquillity
paradox trappings
prosperity whim
rarity