--rr fq

tr tatt far rr fr ~zo++-zo+z

arr
svt rrtr r= trrt far q rtrt frrorr rrt~zo+z
rrr arr nr zr r r fq
q
rr fr =rr fa t r aq
frrrf rr
STATE LEVEL SCIENCE EXHIBITIONS FOR CHILDREN2011-2011
AND
39
t h
JAWAHARLAL NEHRU NATIONAL EXHIBITION FOR SCIENCE AND
ENVIRONMENTAL EDUCATION FOR CHILDREN2012
GUI DELI NES
For t he Pre parat ion of Exhibit s and Mode ls
and
Organi s i ng Exhibit ions
CONTENTS
1. GUIDELINES FOR THE PREPARATION OF EXHIBITS AND MODELS 30
2. GUIDELINES FOR ORGANISING ONE-DAY SEMINAR ON POPULARISATION OF SCIENCE 43
3. GUIDELINES FOR ORGANISING THE STATE LEVEL SCIENCE EXHIBITIONS 44
FOR CHILDREN2011-12
CALL FOR ENTRIES 44
SCREENING, EVALUATION AND MONITORING OF ENTRIES 46
CRITERIA FOR EVALUATION OF EXHIBITS 48
EXPENDITURE NORMS 50
4. PROFORMAS 52
MAINTENANCE OF ACCOUNTS 52
INFORMATION ABOUT PARTICIPATING SCHOOLS 53
INFORMATION ABOUT NATURE AND NUMBER OF 54
EXHIBITS DISPLAYE
PANEL OF J UDGES THEME-WISE 55
INFORMATION ABOUT THE EXHIBIT/ MODEL 56
5. AN EXEMPLARY WRITE-UP OF AN EXHIBIT TOILET MODIFICATION IN INDIAN 58
TRAINS DISPLAYED IN THE 35
TH
J AWAHARLAL NEHRU NATIONAL SCIENCE
EXHIBITION FOR CHILDREN2008 (SOLAN)
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1 GUIDELINES FOR THE PREPARATION OF EXHIBITS AND MODELS
INTRODUCTION
All ch ildr en a r e n a t u r a lly mot iva t ed t o lea r n
a n d a r e ca pa ble of lea r n in g. Th ey a r e n a t u r a l
lea r n er s a n d kn owledge is t h e ou t come of
t h eir own a ct ivit y.
Ch ildr en lea r n t h r ou gh in t er a ct ion s wit h
t h e en vir on men t a r ou n d, n a t u r e, t h in gs a n d
p eop leb ot h t h r ou gh a ct ion s a n d t h r ou gh
la n gu a ges . Th ey con s t r u ct k n owled ge b y
con n ect in g n ew idea s t o t h eir exis t in g idea s
ba s ed on ma t er ia ls / a ct ivit ies pr es en t ed t o
t h em. Th e s t r u ct u r in g a n d r es t r u ct u r in g of
id ea s a r e es s en t ia l fea t u r es a s ch ild r en
pr ogr es s in lea r n in g. Th ey a ct ively en ga ge
wit h t h e wor ld a r ou n d t h em, exp lor in g,
r es pon din g, in ven t in g, wor kin g t h in gs ou t ,
a n d in t er p r et in g. In or d er t o s t imu la t e
cr ea t ivit y a n d in ven t iven es s in s cien ce,
Na t i on a l Cu r r i c u l u m Fr a me wor k (NCF)
2005 emph a s is es on a ct ivit ies , exper imen t s ,
t ech n ologica l modu les et c. NCF2005 a ls o
e n c ou r a ge s i mp l e me n t a t i on of va r i ou s
cu r r icu la r a ct ivit ies (even if t h es e a r e n ot
pa r t of t h e exa min a t ion ) t h r ou gh a ma s s ive
exp a n s ion of n on -for ma l ch a n n els s u ch a s
or ga n is a t ion of s cien ce exh ib it ion a t t h e
n a t ion a l level for s ch ool s t u d en t s , wit h
fe e d e r e ve n t s a t s c h ool / b l oc k / t e h s i l /
dis t r ict / r egion / s t a t e levels . Th e object ive
mu s t be t o s ea r ch a n d n u r t u r e in ven t ive/
cr ea t ive t a len t a mon g s t u den t s . NCF 2005
fu r t h e r e n vi s a ge s t h e u p gr a d a t i o n o f
cu r r en t a ct ivit y in t h is r ega r d b y ma n y
or der s of ma gn it u de, t h r ou gh co-or din a t ion
of s t a t e a n d cen t r a l a gen cies , NGOs , t ea ch er
a s s ocia t ion s et c. , fin a n cia l s u p p or t a n d
mobilis a t ion of exper t s in t h e cou n t r y. Su ch
a movemen t s h ou ld gr a d u a lly s p r ea d t o
ever y cor n er of In dia a n d even a cr os s Sou t h
As ia , u n lea s h in g a wa ve of cr ea t ivit y a n d
s cien t ific t emper a mon g you n g s t u den t s and
t heir t eachers.
Scien ce is a power fu l wa y of in ves t iga t in g
a n d u n der s t a n din g t h e wor ld. Th er efor e, t h e
t ea ch in g of s cien ce mu s t en a ble ch ildr en t o
e xa m i n e a n d a n a l ys e t h e i r e ve r yd a y
exper ien ces . Ever y r es ou r ce mu s t be explor ed
t o en a ble ch ildr en t o expr es s t h ems elves a n d
t o h a n d le ob ject s . Con cer n s a n d is s u es
pert ain in g t o t h e en viron men t s h ou ld be given
impor t a n ce on a ll pos s ible occa s ion s t h r ou gh
a wide r a n ge of a ct ivit ies in volvin g ou t door
pr oject wor ks . Some of t h e in for ma t ion a n d
u n der s t a n din g, flowin g fr om s u ch a ct ivit ies
a n d p r oj e c t s c ou l d c on t r i b u t e t o t h e
ela bor a t ion of a pu blicly a cces s ible da t a ba s e,
wh ich wou ld in t u r n b ecome a va lu a b le
edu ca t ion a l r es ou r ce. Well-pla n n ed s t u den t
pr oject s ma y lea d t o kn owledge gen er a t ion .
Su ch pr oject s may t h en get a place for dis play
in var iou s s cien ce exh ibit ion s .
Th e Na t ion a l Cou n cil of Ed u ca t ion a l
Res ea r ch a n d Tr a in in g (NCERT), New Delh i
or gan is es J awah ar lal Neh r u Nat ion al Scien ce
Exh ibit ion for Ch ildr en (J NNSEC) ever y yea r
for popu la r is in g s cien ce a mon gs t ch ildr en ,
t eachers and pu blic in general. This exhibit ion
is now renamed as J awaharlal Nehru Nat ional
Exh ibit ion for Scien ce a n d En vir on men t a l
Ed u ca t ion for Ch ild r en (J NNESEC). Th is
e xh i b i t i on i s a c u l m i n a t i on of va r i ou s
exh ibit ion s or ga n is ed in t h e pr eviou s yea r by
t h e St a t es , UTs a n d ot h er or ga n is a t ion s a t
dis t r ict , zon al, r egion al an d fin ally at t h e s t at e
level. Selected schools from all States and Union
Territories, the Kendriya Vidyalaya Sangathan,
t h e Na voda ya Vidya la ya Sa mit i, Depa r t men t
of At omic En er gy Cen t r a l Sch ools , CBSE
a ffilia t ed pu blic (in depen den t ) Sch ools a n d
Demon s t r a t ion Mu lt ip u r p os e Sch ools of
Region a l In s t it u t es of Edu cat ion part icipat e in
t h is n at ion al level exh ibit ion . Like in t h e pas t
s ever a l yea r s s u ch exh ib it ion s a r e t o b e
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Gui de li ne s for St at e Le ve l Sc i e nc e Exhi bi t i ons for Chi ldre n 2 0 1 1 -1 2
organ is ed from dis t rict t o s t at e level du rin g
2011 - 12 t oo. Th es e wou ld for m t h e fir s t
phas e of preparat ion for t he J awaharlal Nehru
Na t i o n a l E x h i b i t i o n fo r S c i e n c e a n d
En vi r on me n t a l Ed u c a t i on for Ch i l d r e n
(J NNESEC) t o b e or ga n is ed in Novemb er
2012. To cr ea t e a ca r in g commu n it y in a well
developed s ociet y, t h e ma in t h eme for t h e
St a t e Level Scien ce Exh ibit ion s for Ch ildr en
(SLSEC) 2011-12 wou ld be Science, Societ y
and Environme nt '.
We con fr on t ma n y cr u cia l is s u es a s a
r apidly pr ogr es s in g s ociet y, wh ich ar e dir ect ly
or in dir ect ly r ela t ed t o s cien ce. Amon g t h es e
is s u es , t h er e a r e a n u mber of da ily a n d r ea l
life s it u a t ion s . Th er e a r e va r iou s pr oblems
r e l a t e d t o a gr icu lt u r e, gl ob a l wa r mi n g,
r e s ou r c e d e p l e t i on , p ol l u t i on , h e a l t h ,
n u t r it ion , dis as t er management , en vir on men t
et c. Ch ild r en n eed t o b e a wa r e of s u ch
s it u a t ion s , is s u es a n d pr oblems t h a t t h e
s ociet y is fa cin g. It is a imed t o empower t h em
t o a pply t h eir s cien t ific kn owledge a n d t h eir
mat h emat ical u n der s t an din g t o s olve t h em in
order t o s u s t ain well being of people of modern
s ociet y. Ch ildr en s h ou ld u n der s t a n d h ow
h u ma n s ociet ies u n limit ed u s e of n a t u r a l
r es ou r ces a ffect s t h e qu a lit y of life a n d
en vir on men t . Ch ildr en n eed t o be en cou r aged
to appreciate and participate in the responsible
u s e of s cien ce for t h e ben efit of t h e s ociet y an d
environment. They shou ld also have a scientific
vis ion abou t differ en t is s u es an d t h e abilit y t o
a c qu ir e a n d p r oc e s s in for ma t ion a b ou t
s cien t ific developmen t s a n d t h eir lon g t er m
implicat ion s on s ociet y an d en vir on men t .
The main object ives of t he exhibit ions are:
t o p r ovid e a for u m for ch ild r en t o
pu r s u e t h eir n a t u r a l cu r ios it y a n d
in ven t iven es s t o qu en ch t h eir t h irs t for
creativity;
t o make ch ildr en feel t h at s cien ce is all
ar ou n d u s an d we can gain kn owledge
as well as s olve man y problems als o by
r ela t in g t h e lea r n in g pr oces s t o t h e
phys ical and s ocial environment ;
t o lay emph as is on t h e developmen t of
s cien ce a n d t ech n ology a s a ma jor
in s t r u men t for ach ievin g goals of s elf-
reliance and socio-economic and socio-
ecological development ;
t o h igh ligh t t h e r ole of s cien ce a n d
t ech n ology for pr odu cin g good qu a lit y
a n d en vir on men t a l fr ien dly ma t er ia ls
for t h e u s e of s ociet y;
t o en cou r a ge ch ild r en t o vis u a lis e
fu t u r e of t h e n a t ion a n d h elp t h em
b ecome s en s it ive a n d r es p on s ib le
cit izens;
t o an alys e h ow s cien ce h a s developed
a n d i s a ffe c t e d b y ma n y d i ve r s e
in dividu a ls , cu lt u r es , s ociet ies a n d
environment ;
t o develop crit ical t hinking abou t global
i s s u e s t o m a i n t a i n h e a l t h y a n d
s u s t a i n a b l e s oc i e t i e s i n t od a y' s
environment ;
t o a pply ma t h ema t ics t o vis u a lis e a n d
s olve pr oblems per t a in in g t o ever yda y
life et c.
t o a ppr ecia t e t h e r ole of s cien ce in
meet in g t h e ch allen ges of life s u ch as
climat e ch an ge, open in g n ew aven u es
in t he area of agricu lt u re, fert iliser, food
p r oc e s s i n g, b i ot e c h n ol ogy, gr e e n
e n e r gy, d i s a s t e r m a n a ge m e n t ,
i n for m a t i on a n d c om m u n i c a t i on
t ech n ology, a s t r on omy, t r a n s p or t ,
games an d s port s et c.
It is en vis a ged t h a t children a n d t ea ch er s
wou ld t r y t o a n a lys e a ll a s pect s of h u ma n
en dea vor wit h a view t o iden t ify wh er e a n d
h ow t h e n ew r es ea r ch es a n d developmen t s
in s cien ce a n d t ech n ology ca n br in g a n d
s u s t a i n p r ogr e s s of s oc i e t y l e a d i n g t o
i mp r ove me n t for t h e ch a llen ges of l i fe .
Th e or ga n is a t ion of s cien ce exh ibit ion s wou ld
a ls o pr ovide oppor t u n it ies t o a ll pa r t icipa t in g
s t u d e n t s , t e a c h e r s a n d vi s i t or s t o ge t
acqu ain t ed wit h differ en t kin d of equ ipmen t s ,
devices a n d t ech n iqu es . Th is exer cis e wou ld
en a ble t h e s t u den t s a n d t ea ch er s t o gen er a t e
s c i e n t i fi c i d e a s for a d d r e s s i n g va r i ou s
pr oblems of t h e s ociet y an d en vir on men t .
In or der t o fa cilit a t e t h e pr epa r a t ion of
exh ib it s a n d mod els for d is p la y a n d t h e
organisat ion of St at e Level Science Exhibit ions
du r in g 2011 -12, s ix s u b-t h emes h a ve been
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Gui de li ne s for St at e Le ve l Sc i e nc e Exhi bi t i ons for Chi ldre n 2 0 1 1 -1 2
iden t ified. Th es e are:
1. Agr icu lt u r e a n d Food Secu r it y;
2. En er gy - Res ou r ces a n d Con s er va t ion ;
3. Health;
4. En vir on men t a l Is s u es a n d Con cer n s ;
5. Ma t h ema t ics a n d Ever yda y Life; an d
6. Dis as t er Man agemen t .
Th e impor t a n ce of ea ch s u b-t h eme in t h e
con t ext of t h e ma in t h eme a n d a n u mber of
idea s for developmen t of exh ibit s a r e given
b e l ow. Howe ve r , t h e s e i d e a s a r e on l y
s u gges t ive.* Pa r t icipa n t s a r e fr ee t o develop
exh ibit s ba s ed on ot h er r ela t ed idea s of t h eir
choice.
THEME: SCIENCE, SOCIETY AND ENVIRONMENT
1 . Agri c ult ure and Food Se c uri t y
Agricu lt u re, direct ly or in direct ly h as been t h e
ma in s ou r ce of livelih ood for t h e ma jor it y of
In dia n popu la t ion . In it ia t ives s t a r t ed for a n
over a ll a gr icu lt u r a l d evelop men t in t h e
cou n t r y in clu de t h e impr ovemen t in s cien ce
a n d t ech n ology ca pa bilit ies , pr odu ct ion a n d
s u pply of a gr icu lt u r a l in pu t s like s eeds a n d
fer t ilizer s , pu blic policy mea s u r es like la n d
reforms et c. One of t he great est asset s in ru ral
a r ea s cou ld be a n in t elligen t a n d effect ive u s e
of e m e r gi n g t e c h n ol ogi e s s u c h a s
b i ot e c h n ol ogy, m i c r ob i ol ogy, ge n e t i c
en gin eer in g, et c. It is impor t an t t o emph as ize
on all fron t s like res earch , edu cat ion , t rain in g
a n d ext en s ion t o fu lly r ea lize t h e a gr icu lt u r a l
p ot e n t ia l of t h e c ou n t r y b y in t e gr a t in g
a gr icu lt u r e wit h ot h er a llied a r ea s lik e
h or t icu lt u r e, ca s h cr ops a n d en er gy cr ops
pr odu ct ion , fis h er ies , agr o-for es t r y et c.
In view of t h e a bove, t h e a gr icu lt u r a l
a ct ivit ies t h a t lea d t o food pr odu ct ion a r e n o
lon ger a s u bject of clas s ical far min g on ly. Th e
mod er n a gr icu lt u r e ca n n ot s u s t a in it s elf
wit h ou t t h e s u ppor t of r es ear ch wor k don e by
s cien t is t s in t h e field of p la n t b r eed in g;
improved variet y of seeds; genet ic engineering;
b iot ech n ology et c. ; in d u s t r ies (ch emica l
fer t ilis er s a n d pa s t icides , t r a ct or s , fa r min g
machines and materials); transports (road, rail,
wa t er wa ys ); en er gy (elect r icit y, dies el, pet r ol,
ga s ol i n e e t c . ) ; m a n a ge m e n t (s t or a ge ,
pr oces s in g, pr es er vin g, qu a lit y con t r ol a n d
main t en an ce) an d man y ot h er s ect or s .
Th e ma in a im of t h is s u b-t h eme is t o ma ke
ou r s ch ool ch ildr en a n d t ea ch er s r ea lize t h e
need of s t u dying and removing t he cons t raint s
r es p on s ib le for k n owled ge ga p on r u r a l
pr ofes s ion s a n d bu ildin g ca pa cit y in food
s ecu rit y.
Food r es ou r ces developmen t is on e of t h e
mos t imp or t a n t a r ea s of h u ma n a ct ivit y.
Ap p lica t ion of t h e k n owled ge of va r iou s
s cien t ific pr in ciples h a s pla yed a s impor t a n t
r ol e i n p r ovi d i n g n e w t e c h n ol ogi e s for
impr ovin g food pr odu ct ion . Now, t h e wor ld is
a ble t o gr ow s u fficien t food for it s 6.6 billion
in h a bit a n t s . Bu t it is a ls o a r ea lit y t h a t ma n y
people s t ill do n ot h ave en ou gh food t o eat an d
many are malnou rished. It is ironical that qu ite
a la r ge n u mber a mou n t of food is gr os s ly
was t ed by s ome s ect ion s of ou r global s ociet y.
Recent ly ou r cou nt ry t oo is facing t his problem
r ela t ed wit h t h e food s ecu r it y. Th is pr oblem
n eeds immedia t e a n d a ppr opr ia t e a t t en t ion .
Abou t 15,000 ch ildr en of t h e wor ld die da ily
a s a d i r e c t or i n d i r e c t c on s e qu e n c e of
in a dequ a t e n u t r it ion . People ca n r ea ch t h eir
fu ll in t ellect u a l a n d ph ys ica l pot en t ia l t o
c on t r i b u t e t o s oc i a l a n d e c on m oi c a l
developmen t of a cou n t r y on ly wh en t h ey a r e
well fed a n d well n ou r is h ed. Th er efor e, it is
import ant t o achieve food s ecu rit y for all. Food
secu rit y exist s when all people at all t imes have
ph ys ica l, s ocia l a n d econ omic a cces s t o s a fe
and nu t rit iou s food t o meet t heir diet ary needs
for a pr odu ct ive a n d h ea lt h y life.
Wit h t he help of science and t erchnology, we
ca n en h a n ce ou r a gr icu lt u r a l kn owledge t o
a ch ieve food s ecu r it y t o r ed u ce h u n ger,
ma ln u t r it ion a n d p over t y, a n d fa cilit a t e
equ it a b le, en vir on men t a lly, s ocia lly a n d
econ omically s u s t ain able developmen t .
The exhibit s / models in t his s u b-t heme may
pert ain t o:
*Exhi bi t s t ha t i nvol ve cur r i cul a r a r ea s a nd l ow -cos t t echnol ogi es a r e a l s o w el come t o p a r t i ci p a t e.
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Gui de li ne s for St at e Le ve l Sc i e nc e Exhi bi t i ons for Chi ldre n 2 0 1 1 -1 2
S t u d i e s of c l i m a t i c c h a n ge on t h e
agr icu lt u r e;
Ma n a gin g cr op yield d u e t o clima t ic
ch a n ge a r is in g fr om globa l wa r min g;
Ec o- for e s t r y t o p r ot e c t a n d r e s t or e
e c os ys t e m for s u s t a i n a b l e for e s t
practices/ preserving and enhancing forest
biodiver s it y;
Pres ervat ion an d con s ervat ion of s oil an d
ju diciou s u s e of wa t er ;
Conventional biotechnology practices e.g.,
a p p l i c a t i on of b i ot e c h n ol ogy,
micr obiology, gen et ic en gin eer in g a n d
gen omics t o agricu lt u re for improved an d
h igh yieldin g var it ies ;
Organic farming/ organic fertilisers versu s
ch emica l fer t ilis er s ; biodyn a mic liqu id
man u r e/ gr een man u r e;
Pla n n in g a n d ma n a gin g en er gy cr ops
(Salix, poplar, J at r oph a, J ojoba et c.);
Use of biot echnology for economically and
ecologically s u s t ain able biofu els ;
En vir on men t al fr ien dly meas u r es of pes t
cont rol;
Application of biotechnology and genetic
engineering in improving animal breeds and
production of animal products that are used
as food;
Gr owin g fod d er s in h yd r o- p on ic
environment;
In n ova t i ve / i n e xp e n s i ve / i m p r ove d /
in digen ou s t ech n ologies / met h ods of
s t or a ge/ p r es er va t ion / con s er va t ion /
transport of agricultural products and food
materials;
Innovative/ improved practices for reducing
cost of cultivation;
Growing plants without seeds;
Identification of medicinal plants and their
applications;
Effect of electric and magnetic fields on the
growth of plants and protective measures;
Sugar levels in plant sep at different times
and dates;
Gentic variations among plants;
Factors affecting seed germination;
Best conditions for mu shroom produ ction
and growth of ferns;
Tropisms in plants and growth hor mones
etc.;
In digen ou s des ign s of fa r m ma ch in er y,
a gr icu lt u r e implemen t s a n d pr a ct ices ;
Impa ct of pollu t ion on food;
Applica t ion of biot ech n ology a n d gen et ic
en gin eer in g t o a gr icu lt u r e for impr oved
a n d h igh yieldin g va r iet ies ;
Im p r ove d / i m p r ovi s e d m e t h od of
pr oces s in g, pr es er va t ion , s t or a ge a n d
t r a n s por t of a n ima l pr odu ct s ;
Or ga n i c fe r t i l i ze r s ve r s u s c h e mi c a l
fer t ilizer s ;
E c ol ogi c a l l y s u s t a i n a b l e fa r m i n g
met h ods ;
En vir on men t fr ien dly mea s u r es of pes t
con t r ol;
Ha r n es s in g of a n ima l pr odu ct s keepin g
en vir on men t al con cer n s ;
Iden t ifica t ion of medicin a l pla n t s a n d
t h eir a pplica t ion s ;
S c h e m e s / d e s i gn s t o h e l p r e d u c e
pr odu ct ion cos t a n d con s er va t ion of r a w
mat erials ;
Pla n s for pr oper ma n a gemen t of n a t u r a l
r es ou r ces a n d en vir on men t ;
St r a t egies t o elimin a t e food in s ecu r it y;
Is s u es relat ed wit h t he animal helat h and
food s ecu r it y;
Food pr odu ct ion a n d dema n d of qu la it y
food a n d food s ecu r it y;
Ad va n t a ge s a n d d i s a d va n t a ge s of
gen et ica lly modified (GM) food;
Nu t r it ion e d u c a t ion / h e a lt h y e a t in g
h a bit s a n d food u t ilis a t ion by body;
Pe p p i n g/ m u l c h i n g for we e d
ma n a gemen t a n d r oot developmen t in
s oil; et c.
Devices t o con t r ol a n d mea s u r emen t of
t h e n ois e, a ir, s oil, wa t er pollu t ion ;
Pr e s e r va t i on , c on s e r va t i on a n d
ma n a gemen t of s oil;
An a l ys i s of s oi l s a m p l e s for t h e i r
compon en t s ;
Ecological s t u dies of plan t s an d an imals ;
Exper imen t s wit h biodegr a da bilit y;
St u dy a n d r ecor d va r yin g wa t er levels ,
ove r t h e ye a r , i n t h e wa t e r b od y,
s u r r ou n din g en vir on men t ;
Des ign an d developmen t of an au t omat ic
wea t h er r ecor din g device;
Ozon e des t r u ct ion exper imen t s ; et c.
3 4
Gui de li ne s for St at e Le ve l Sc i e nc e Exhi bi t i ons for Chi ldre n 2 0 1 1 -1 2
2 . Ene rgy - Re s ourc e s and Cons e rvat i on
Aft er food an d wat er ; en er gy is ou r mos t bas ic
n eed. All a ct ivit ies r equ ir e en er gy t o per for m.
Th e s ocia l a n d econ omic developmen t of a
cou n t r y a n d livin g s t a n da r d of it s in h a bit a n t s
depen ds on t h e availabilit y and proper u t iliza-
t ion of energy res ou rces of t hat cou nt ry. En-
ergy is an important concern that differentiates
t h e global rich and t he global poor and t he s o-
cial and economic inequ alit ies t hat resu lt .
All con ven t ion a l s ou r ces of en er gy a r e
exh a u s t ible. Developmen t of con ven t ion a l
for ms of en er gy for meet in g t h e gr owin g n eeds
is t h e main t as k. Fos s il fu els s u pply n ear ly 75
per cen t of t h e wor lds en er gy. Bu t fos s il fu els
a r e bein g deplet ed h u n dr ed t h ou s a n d t imes
fa s t er t h a n t h ey a r e bein g for med. At t h e
cu r r en t r a t e of con s u mpt ion , kn own r es er ves
of pet r oleu m will be exh a u s t ed in a bou t 35
years, natu ral gases in abou t 50 years and coal
s ome t ime wit h in 200 yea r s .
In t h e con t ext of globa l s u s t a in a bilit y, t h e
gr ea t con cer n a b ou t en er gy is n ot a b ou t
dimin is h in g s u pplies . It is r a t h er t h a n ou r
cu r r en t mod els of h a r n es s in g en er gy a r e
u n s u s t a in a ble beca u s e of en vir on men t a l,
economic, geographical and equ ity issu es. Ou r
cu r r en t en er gy models r ely on (i) fos s il fu els
t h a t ca u s e s mog a n d a cid r a in a n d a r e lin ked
wit h globa l wa r min g; (ii) t r a dit ion a l bioma s s
fu els t h a t pr ovide a bou t 10 per cen t of wor ld
en er gy, b u t con t r ib u t e t o d efor es t a t ion ,
d e s e r t i fi c a t i on a n d a i r p ol l u t i on ; (i i i )
hydroelectric power stations that provide abou t
05.5 per cen t of en er gy con s u med bu t lin ked
wit h environment al refu gee; (iv) Nu clear power
s t a t ion s t h a t pr ovide ju s t over 6 per cen t of
world energy bu t generat ed radioact ive was t es
t h a t r e q u i r e l on g t e r m s a fe d i s p os a l .
Re d e s i gn i n g s ys t e m of u t i l i za t i on a n d
conservat ion of energy cou ld not only minimize
en vir on men t a l imp a ct s b u t a ls o p r ovid e
t r emen dou s econ omic oppor t u n it ies t o fa s t
developin g cou n t r y like In dia .
On e of t h e impor t a n t a n d obviou s wa y of
redes igning s ys t em for harnes s ing energy is t o
d e ve l op a n d s h i ft t o c l e a n a n d n on -
conventional energy resou rces which are either
n on exh au s t ible or r en ewable as s olar en er gy,
wind energy, hydr oelect ric power, geo-t her mal
en er gy, en er gy fr om bioma s s a n d bioga s ,
ocean t hermal energy, wave energy and energy
from ot her emerging t echnologies . This energy
is a ls o ca lled Gr een En er gy. Ou r cou n t r y is
making efforts in this direction. The technology
t o exploit s u ch n on -con ven t ion a l s ou r ces of
en er gy mu s t h a ve t o be efficien t a n d ca pa ble
of bein g oper a t ion . An ot h er impor t a n t poin t
is t o ma ke efficien t u s e of exis t in g en er gy
r e s ou r c e s a n d t h e i r m or e e q u i t a b l e
distribu tion. As per the data available, two third
of en er gy is cu r r en t ly wa s t ed wor ldwide.
Ou r cou n t r y is en dowed wit h en or mou s
solar energy. It can generate u p to 20 MW solar
power s per s qu a r e kilomet er la n d a r ea t h a t
ca n be u s ed for va r iet y of a pplica t ion s . Th e
gr os s win d power is es t ima t ed t o be a bou t
45, 000 MW, bu t pr es en t ly ou r cou n t r y is
pr odu cin g on ly abou t 15,000 MW win d power.
Th e dema n d of elect r ic en er gy is gr owin g a t a
r a t e fa s t er t h a n a n y ot h er for m of en er gy. It s
r equ ir emen t in In dia is pr imar ily met t h r ou gh
a n et wor k of t h er ma l (a bou t 70 per cen t )
h ydr oelect r ic (a bou t 14 per cen t ) a n d n u clea r
(abou t 4 per cent ) power st at ion and remaining
from ot her resou rces. Nu clear elect ricit y holds
mu ch gr ea t er pot en t ia l of power s u pply in
fu t u r e. Bu t t h e s a fet y a n d en vir on men t a l
con cer n s wit h t h e n u clea r r es ou r ces a r e a ls o
import ant .
In t h is s cen a r io, we n eed t o des ign , develop
a n d in n ova t e n ew a n d econ omica lly via ble
t ech n ologies t o h a r n es s a n d con s er ve en er gy
from alt ern at ive res ou rces . Th is s u b-t h eme is
expect ed t o make t he children t hink of variou s
wa ys a n d mea n s for ma kin g efficien t u s e of
a va ila b le en er gy r es ou r ces a n d a ls o n ew
t ech n iqu es / met h ods of u s in g a n d con s er vin g
en er gy fr om b ot h con ven t ion a l a n d n on -
con ven t ion al s ou r ces . Th e exh ibit s / models in
t h is s u b-t h eme ma y per t a in t o:
Va r iou s wa ys of h a r n es s in g geot h er ma l
en er gy s u ch a s en er gy fr om h ot s pr in gs /
geot h er ma l des a lin iza t ion / geot h er ma l
h ea t in g con t r ollin g h ea t in g a n d coolin g
of a bu ildin g u s in g u n der gr ou n d h ea t by
ver t ica l/ h or izon t a l loop s / geot h er ma l
p owe r / e l e c t r i c i t y ge n e r a t e d fr om
3 5
Gui de li ne s for St at e Le ve l Sc i e nc e Exhi bi t i ons for Chi ldre n 2 0 1 1 -1 2
n a t u r a lly oc c u r r in g ge ologic a l h e a t
s ou rces ;
Models of gr een bu ildin g/ en vir on men t
bu ilding which harves t energy, wat er and
mat erials;
Gr een r oof t ech n ologies / r oof mou n t ed
s ola r t ech n ologies s u ch a s s ola r wa t er
h eat er, s olar ligh t in g s ys t em;
Hea t in g s ys t em of a bu ildin g by s ola r
heater;
Models / in n ova t ive des ign s of domes t ic
h ydroelect ric gen erat or;
Devices t o make breeze fu nneling t owards
you r h ome;
Met h ods of h ea t r et en t ion in ma t er ia ls /
h ea t con t r ol in t h e des ign of h ou s e;
Solar cooker/ solar distiller/ solar dryer for
food pr oces s in g/ s olar h eat ed h ou s es ;
Solar thermal electricity/ commu nity solar
project ;
Innovative designs and installation of solar
t ower;
Hybr id s ola r ligh t in g (s ola r illu min a t ion
by r ou t in g da yligh t in t o t h e in t er ior pa r t
of t h e bu ildin g by r eflect in g a focu s ed
beam of su nlight on the end of optical fiber
cables);
St u dies of variat ion in s u n s h in e in t en s it y
at a given place for developing indigenou s
met h od of it s u s a ge et c;
Pr oject s for mea s u r in g a va ila bilit y of
s ola r / win d en er gy in a given a r ea ;
Model of win d t u r bin e for domes t ic u s e
wit h vert ical/ h orizon t al axis ;
Des ign s of low n ois e win d fa r m;
Win d mill/ wat er mill for grin din g grain s /
d r a win g wa t er fr om t h e well a n d t o
generat e elect ricit y;
Wa t er s en s it ive u r ba n des ign t o mit iga t e
wat er s h ort age;
Wat er cris is management ;
Use of tidal waves/ ocean cu rrents/ salinity
gr adien t for gen er at in g elect r icit y;
Wa ve en er gy fr om os cilla t in g wa t er
con ver s ion / t idal bar r age gen er at or et c;
En er gy fr om bioma s s s u ch a s s ea weeds ,
h u ma n / a n ima l wa s t es , keepin g in view
environment al concerns ;
Improvised technologies for effective u sage
of bio-fu els ;
In n ova t ive des ign s of bio ga s / bio ma s s
plant ;
Bio dies el fr om pla n t oils (obt a in ed fr om
ca n ola , pa lm oil, micr o a lga e oil, wa s t e
veget able oil et c);
Low cos t liqu id fu el (bio-et h a n ol, bio-
met h a n ol fr om cellu los e b ioma s s b y
improvis in g con vers ion t ech n iqu es );
Bio en er gy for pover t y a llevia t ion ;
Impa ct of bio-en er gy on food s ecu r it y;
Mod e l s / d e s i gn s of fu e l - e ffi c i e n t
au t omobiles / machines ;
Innovat ive designs of int ernal combu st ion
en gin e wh ich can fu n ct ion on var iou s bio
fu els;
Pr od u ct ion of elect r ica l en er gy fr om
mech an ical en ergy/ n u clear res ou rces ;
Mech a n is m of ext r a ct ion , s t or a ge a n d
pr oces s in g of fos s il fu els ,
St u dy of a ir t ides ;
Effects of landscaping and architectu re on
en er gy con s u mpt ion et c.
3 . He alt h
Hea lt h is a n over a ll s t a t e of body, min d a n d
s ocia l well bein g t h a t implies t o a n in dividu a l
an d people. Ou r h ealt h is con t in u ou s ly u n der
t h e in flu en ce of bot h en dogen ou s (wit h in ) an d
exogenou s (arou nd) environment and therefore
a mat t er of great concern es pecially in t he rap-
idly growin g s ociet y t o cope u p wit h n ewer s ci-
en t ific a n d t ech n ologica l in ven t ion s . Wh en
people a r e h ea lt h y, t h ey a r e mor e efficien t a t
wor k. Th is in cr ea s es pr odu ct ivit y a n d br in g
economic prosperity. Health also increases lon-
gevit y of t h e people a n d r edu ces in fa n t a n d
maternal mortality. When the functioning of one
or mor e or ga n s or s ys t ems of t h e body is a d-
ver s ely affect ed, ch ar act er ized by var iou s s ign
an d s ympt oms , a s t at e of dis eas e is r eflect ed.
The healt h is broadly affect ed by genet ic dis-
or der s , in fect ion s a n d lifes t yle bu t mu lt i-fa c-
t or ia l ca u s es a r e mor e pr eva len t in ca s e of
many diseases. In case of genetic disorders, de-
ficien cies / defect s a r e in h er it ed fr om pa r en t s
a n d t h e bes t exa mples a r e h emoph ilia a n d
colou r blin dn es s , h owever, dis ea s es like ca n -
cer a n d dia bet es mellit u s a r e a ls o kn own t o
h ave gen et ic bas is , t h es e ar e n on -in fect iou s .
3 6
Gui de li ne s for St at e Le ve l Sc i e nc e Exhi bi t i ons for Chi ldre n 2 0 1 1 -1 2
Fu r t h er, man y dis eas es las t for s h or t per iod of
t ime ca lled a cu t e dis ea s es like common cold
bu t ma n y ot h er a ilmen t s la s t for lon ger du r a -
t ion a n d even a s mu ch a s life t ime like t u ber -
cu los is , t h ey a r e ch r on ic dis ea s es . Th e ca n cer
is on e of t h e mos t dr ea ded ch r on ic dis ea s es of
h u ma n bein gs a n d is a ma jor ca u s e of dea t h
a ll over t h e globe. Tr a n s for ma t ion of n or ma l
cells in t o ca n cer ou s n eo-pla s t ic cells ma y be
in du ced by ph ys ica l, ch emica l or biologica l
agent s . Ionizing radiat ions like X-rays , gamma
r a ys a n d n on ion izin g r a dia t ion s UV ca u s es
DNA da ma ge lea din g t o n eo-pla s t ic t r a n s for -
ma t ion . Ch emica l ca r cin ogen s pr es en t in t o-
ba cco s moke h a ve been iden t ified a s a ma jor
ca u s e of lu n g ca n cer. Ca n cer ca u s in g vir u s es
a r e a ls o kn own , t h ey pos s es s gen es ca lled vi-
r al on cogen es .
In fect iou s agen t s compr is es of a wide gr ou p
of or ga n is ms ca lled pa t h ogen s , t h ey a r e vi-
r u s es , ba ct er ia , fu n gi, pr ot ozoa n a n d mu lt i-
cellu lar worms, insects etc. The diseases cau sed
by t h es e or gan is ms in clu de in flu en za, den gu e
fe ve r , AIDS , t yp h oi d , c h ol e r a , ma l a r i a ,
r in gwor ms , fila r ia s is et c. Th e pa t h ogen s live
u n der differ en t en vir on men t a l con dit ion s a n d
h a ve gr ea t pot en t ia l t o a da pt t o t h e en vir on -
men t wit h in t h e h os t . For example, t h e pat h o-
gen s t h a t en t er t h e gu t kn ow t h e wa y of s u r -
viving in t he s t omach at low pH and res is t ance
t o va r iou s diges t ive en zymes . Pa t h ogen ic a t -
t a ck t o a n in dividu a l a n d s pr ea d t o s omeon e
els e t akes place t h r ou gh air, wat er, s oil, ph ys i-
ca l con t a ct a n d a ls o t h r ou gh ot h er a n ima ls .
Su ch an imals ar e t h u s t h e in t er mediar ies an d
ar e called vect or s . In man y in s t an ces t h e body
is able t o defend it s elf from mos t of t hes e infec-
t iou s agen t s t h r ou gh t h e immu n e s ys t em. Ac-
qu ired immu nit y is pat hogen specific; however,
we a ls o pos s es s in n a t e immu n it y fr om bir t h .
Ou r healt h is adversely affect ed du e t o many
en vir on men t a l h a za r ds t h a t lea d t o s ever a l
kin ds of in fect ion in t h e body. Wit h in cr ea s -
in g popu lat ion , deman d for food, wat er, h ome,
t r a n s por t , en er gy et c a r e in cr ea s in g ca u s in g
t r emen d ou s p r es s u r e on ou r n a t u r a l r e-
s ou r ces a n d t h er eby con t r ibu t in g t o pollu t ion
of a ir, wa t er a n d s oil. Th e lifes t yle in clu din g
food a n d wa t er we t a ke, t en den cy for ju n k/
fa s t food, r es t a n d exer cis e, h a bit s a n d dr u gs
a n d a lcoh ol a bu s e is a n ot h er ch a llen ge t o ou r
h ea lt h . In cr ea s in g level of obes it y, ea r ly de-
t ect ion of h yper glycemia a n d h yper t en s ion is
a gr ea t ca u s e of wor r y fr om t h e h ea lt h poin t
of view. Con t in u ou s effor t s of s cien t is t s , t ech -
nologis t s , doct ors and nat u ralis t have brou ght
ma n y n ew wa ys of s a fet y a n d s ecu r it y t o ou r
life. Ma jor in ven t ion s in bio-medica l dia gn os -
t ics , n ew va ccin es a n d a n t ibiot ics , s u r gica l
met h ods a n d gen et ic en gin eer in g h a ve given
relief t o t he mankind. These efforts are respon-
s ible for r a is in g t h e s t a n da r d of t h e per s on a l
h ealt h an d h ygien e an d in pr ovidin g bot h pr e-
ven t ive a n d cu r a t ive fa cilit ies t o t h e commu -
n it y. Mor t a lit y a ge h a s gon e u p, in fa n t a n d
ma t er n a l mor t a lit y gon e down a n d epidemics
a r e mu ch u n der con t r ol. Awa r en es s t owa r ds
med it a t ion a n d t r a d it ion a l k n owled ge of
h er ba l medicin es h a s in flu en ced commu n it y
health.
The pres ent s u b-t heme is propos ed wit h t he
objectives: to bring awareness among the you th
a bou t h ea lt h a n d fa ct or s a ffect in g ou r h ea lt h ,
to explore new scientific, technological and bio-
medical in t er ven t ion s in pr even t ion an d cu r e,
t o a n a lyze t h e r ole of s elf a n d s ociet y in keep-
in g ou r en vir on men t h ealt h y in or der t o main -
t ain good healt h and promot e innovat ive ideas
for bet t er man agemen t .
Th e exh ibit s a n d models in t h is s u b-t h eme
ma y per t a in t o:
De m on s t r a t i on of h e a l t h a n d
differen t iat ion from t h e s t at e of ill h ealt h ;
Demon s t r a t ion of fa ct or s a ffect in g t h e
h ealt h , differ en t ailmen t s in t h e body;
Sh owin g a n d d es ign in g a ct ivit ies on
in fect iou s a n d n on -in fect iou s dis ea s es ,
r ela t ion s h ip wit h ca u s a t ive fa ct or s a n d
t h eir s ou rces ;
Innovat ion t o develop cont rol measu res at
differen t levels , role variou s agen cies ;
Pr e s e n t i n g me d i c a l a s s i s t a n c e a n d
facilities, ru ral/ u rban and gender aspects;
Sen s it is in g people t o be ca r efu l in h ea lt h
ma t t er s , explor e t h e pos s ibilit ies a n d
make u s e of t h e facilit ies available;
3 7
Gui de li ne s for St at e Le ve l Sc i e nc e Exhi bi t i ons for Chi ldre n 2 0 1 1 -1 2
Develop men t of k n owled ge- b a s e a n d
u n der s t a n d n ew s cien t ific, t ech n ologica l
a ids in bio-medica l a r ea ;
Demon s t r a t ion of mea n s a n d wa ys t o
adopt met h ods for s elf con cen t r at ion an d
medit at ion an d t h eir u s es ;
Demonstration of known facts and research
findings in different medical systems like
Indian, Modern, Homeopath etc.;
Demonstration of lifestyle and relationship
with good and bad health based on known
fact s and res earches ;
Demon s t r a t ion of t h e r ole of t r a dit ion a l
k n owl e d ge of h e r b a l p r od u c t s for
commu n it y h ealt h ; et c.
Imp r oved met h od s of s a n it a t ion a n d
a p p r op r i a t e t e c h n ol ogy for wa s t e
dis pos a l, bot h biodegr a da ble a n d n on -
biodegr a da ble;
Common prophylact ic measu res available
a n d a d va n t a ge s of i n oc u l a t i on a n d
vaccinat ion;
Need for a ppr opr ia t e mea s u r es for fa mily
welfare;
Need for developin g low-cos t n u t r it iou s
food;
Gen er a l a wa r en es s a bou t occu pa t ion a l
h a za r ds a n d in n ova t ive t ech n iqu es t o
overcome t hem;
Gen er a l a wa r en es s a bou t commu n it y
medicine;
New medica l dia gn os t ic a n d t h er a peu t ic
t ools ;
Impr oved a ids t o vis u a lly impa ir ed a n d
ph ys ica lly h a n dica pped per s on s ;
Ne e d t o c u r b m e n a c e of a l c oh ol
c on s u m p t i on , d r u g a d d i c t i on a n d
s mokin g;
Genet ic s t u dies ;
St u dies of memor y s pa n a n d memor y
ret en t ion ; an d
Fa ct or s a ffect in g t h e en zymes r ea ct ion
rat es et c.
S i mp l e t e c h n ol ogi e s for d e ve l op i n g
d i a gn os t i c s a n d e n vi r on m e n t a l
mon it orin g.
4 . ENVIRONMENTAL IS S UES AND
CONCERNS
Th e s pect a cu la r in du s t r ia l a n d econ omica l
development over t he pas t few decades has led
t o t h e r epla cemen t of t h e commu n it ies of
n a t u r e by ma n -ma de commu n it ies . However,
t h e pr in ciples t h a t gover n t h e life of n a t u r a l
commu nit ies have t o be observed if t hese man-
m a d e c om m u n i t i e s a r e t o fl ou r i s h .
Defor es t a t ion , over gr a zin g, in dis cr imin a t e
mining, and t ree-felling, fau lt y t illage pract ices
et c. h a ve led t o s ever e s oil er os ion . Over
ir r iga t ion a n d r iver -h a r ves t in g of a gr icu lt u r a l
lands has resu lt ed int o salinit y of wat er, wat er -
loggin g a n d degr a da t ion . Over -u s e of t u be-
wells h a s s u bs t a n t ia lly lower ed down t h e
u n der gr ou n d wat er t able. Des t r u ct ion of lu s h
t r ee cover s h a s occu r r ed du e t o t h e n eed of
mor e a gr icu lt u r a l a n d r es idu a l la n ds t o meet
t h e c h a l l e n ge s d u e t o ove r - p op u l a t i on .
In du s t r ial efflu en t s , for es t fir e an d u n plan n ed
gr owt h h a ve led t o s ever e wa t er a n d a ir
pollu t ion. Major cu rrent environment al is s u es
in clu de clima t e ch a n ge, s pecies ext in ct ion ,
pollu t ion , en vir on men t a l degr a da t ion , a n d
r es ou r ce deplet ion et c. Hu man livin g h as n ow
become u n s u s t a in a ble. However t h er e is a n
u n der s t a n din g t h a t t h e s u s t a in a bilit y is t h e
key t o pr even t in g or r edu cin g t h e effect of
en vir on men t a l is s u es . Th is n eeds t o pr a ct ice
t h e h u ma n u s e of n a t u r a l r es ou r ces t o wit h in
su stainable limits. Therefore for hu mans to live
s u s t a in a bly, t h e Ea r t h s r es ou r ces mu s t be
u s e d a t a r a t e a t wh i c h t h e y c a n b e
r eplen is h ed.
Th e b i op h ys i c a l e n vi r on m e n t t h a t
c omp r is e s t h e Ea r t h s b ios p h e r e is t h e
s ymbios is bet ween t h e ph ys ica l en vir on men t
a n d t h e b iologic a l life . Th e b iop h ys ic a l
e n vi r on m e n t c a n b e d i vi d e d i n t o t wo
ca t egor ies : t h e n a t u r a l en vir on men t a n d t h e
m a n - m a d e e n vi r on m e n t . Th e i n d u s t r i a l
r e vol u t i on h a s m a d t h e m a n - m a d e
en vir on men t a n in cr ea s in gly s ign ifica n t pa r t
of t h e Ea r t h s en vir on men t . Th e s cope of t h e
bioph ys ica l en vir on men t is a ll t h a t con t a in ed
in the biosphere, which is that part of the Earth
i n wh i c h a l l l i fe oc c u r s . A b i op h ys i c a l
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en vir on men t is t h e complex of biot ic, climat ic,
and edaphic fact ors t hat act u pon an organism
a n d det er min e it s for m a n d s u r viva l, a n d
mor ph s it s elf in t h e pr oces s . Ecos ys t ems , of
wh ich t h er e a r e n u mer ou s t ypes a n d a r e a
defined part of t he biosphere, collect ively make
u p t h e wh ole of t h e bios ph er e. Wit h in a n
ecos ys t em t h er e a r e h a bit a t s in wh ich a n
or ga n is m (in clu din g h u ma n bein gs ) exis t s . At
it s mos t n a t u r a l s t a t e, a n en vir on men t wou ld
la ck a n y effect s of h u ma n a ct ivit y, a lt h ou gh
t h e s ca le of t h is a ct ivit y is s u ch t h a t a ll a r ea s
of t h e Ea r t h h a ve h a d a t lea s t s ome in flu en ce
by h u man s . At t h e ot h er en d of t h e s cale is t h e
ma n -ma de en vir on men t a n d in s ome ca s es it
h a s t h e biot ic compon en t t h a t is vir t u a lly
a bs en t . Emph a s is is n ow for pr ot ect ion of
en da n ger ed s pecies a n d pr ot ect ion of a n y
ecologica lly va lu a ble n a t u r a l a r ea s .
Th e u n der s t a n din g of Ea r t h h a s r e-
markably increased in recent times throu gh En-
vironmental Science wh ich is a ba s is for a d-
dr es s in g en vir on men t a l is s u es . It is n ow a
mu lt i-dis ciplin ary academic s t u dy t au gh t an d
s t u died at all s t ages of edu cat ion inclu ding t he
school edu cation. environmental Science is the
s t u dy of t h e in t er a ct ion s wit h in t h e bioph ys i-
cal environment. Part of this scientific discipline
is t h e in ves t iga t ion of t h e effect of h u ma n a c-
t ivit y on t h e en vir on men t . Ecology, a s u b-dis -
ciplin e of biology a n d a pa r t of en vir on men t a l
s cien ces , is oft en mis t a ken a s a s t u dy of h u -
ma n in du ced effect s on t h e en vir on men t . En-
vironmental Studies is a br oa der a ca demic
dis cipline t hat is t he s ys t emat ic s t u dy of int er -
act ion of h u man s wit h t h eir en viron men t . It is
a br oa d field of s t u dy t h a t in clu des t h e n a t u -
ral environment, man-made environments and
s ocia l en vir on men t s . En vir on men t a lis m is a
broad social and philosophical movement t hat ,
in a la r ge pa r t , s eeks t o min imize or elimin a t e
t h e effect of h u man act ivit y on t h e bioph ys ical
environment .
En vir on men t a l is s u es a n d con cer n s a r e
addressed at a regional, nation or international
l e ve l b y s e ve r a l gove r n m e n t a n d n on -
gove r n m e n t or ga n i za t i on s . Mi n i s t r y of
Environment and Forest , Government of India,
has established National Green Corps to set u p
a n d r u n eco- clu b s in s ch ool ed u ca t ion .
Th r ou gh t h e eco-clu bs differ en t en vir on men t
r ela t ed a ct ivit ies s u ch a s gr een in g of s ch ool
c a m p u s , c ol l e c t i on of wa s t e s , wa s t e
management, water conservation practices etc.,
and other activities related to spread awareness
a bou t t h e en vir on men t s u ch a s or ga n izin g
r a l l i e s , p a i n t i n g c om p e t i t i on e t c . a r e
u n der t a ken . Wit h s u ch in it ia t ives of Na t ion a l
Gr een Cor ps a n d s ch ool s ys t ems , In dia n
ch ild r en h a ve fin a lized In d ia n Ch ild r en s
Chart er of Res pons ibilit ies . This Chart er Let s
Ta ke Ca r e of In dia s a ys : We, the children of
India, res olve to w ork together to tak e care of
our environment Air, Water, Fire (Energy ) and
Ea rt h by a s s u min g t h e In d ia n Ch ild re n s
Charter of Res pons ibilities .
Th e ma in object ive of t h is s u b-t h eme is t o
make general pu blic and children in part icu lar
a wa r e wit h t h e cu r r en t en vir on men t a l is s u es
a n d con cer n s for a ch ievin g s u s t a in a bilit y t o
prevent t he effect of environment al is s u es . The
models a n d exh ibit s in t h is s u b-t h eme ma y
pert ain t o:
Evir on men t al is s u es r elat ed wit h h u man
activities su ch as agricu ltu re, energy, fish-
in g, foor es t s , min in g, s h ippin g, pa per,
wa r, occea n deoxygen a t ion , dea d zon e,
paint et c.;
En vir on men t a l is s u es wit h con s er va t ion
s pecies ext in ct ion , pollin a t or declin e,
cor a l blea ch in g, Holocen e ext in ct ion , in -
vasive species, poaching, endangered spe-
cies et c. ea n deoxygen a t ion , dea d zon e,
paint et c.;
Environmental issu es with energy conser -
vat ion , ren ewable en ergy, efficien t en ergy
u s e, ren ewable en ergy commercializat ion
etc;
Environmental controversies su ch as dam
cont roversies, genet ically modified organ-
is ms / food con t r over s y, s ea lin g, dioxin
con t r over s y, wa t er flu or ida t ion con t r o-
vers y et c.;
En vir on men t al dis as t er s s u ch as Bh opal
dis as t er, oil s pills , n u clear acciden t s et c.
En docr in e dis r u pt or s ;
Climat e change global warming, green-
h ou s e ga s es , fos s il fu els , s ea level r is e,
ocean acidificat ion et c.;
Is s u es r elat ed wit h en vir on men t al h ealt h
s u ch a s a ir qu a lit y, a s t h ma , elect r oma g-
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Gui de li ne s for St at e Le ve l Sc i e nc e Exhi bi t i ons for Chi ldre n 2 0 1 1 -1 2
n et ic r a dia t ion s a n d fields , lea d pois on -
in g, in door a ir qu a lit y, s ick bu ildin g s yn -
dr ome et c;
Ozon e deplet ion CFC;
Environmental effects of intensive farming
s u c h a s ove r gr a zi n g, i r r i ga t i on ,
plas t icu lt u re, pes t icides et c.;
Wa t er pollu t ion a cid r a in , ma r in e pol-
lu t ion , Ocea n du mpin g, eu t r oph ica t ion ,
ma r in e debr is , t h er ma l pollu t ion , a lga l
boom, micr o-plas t ics , et c;
Air pollu t ion s mog, ozon e, pa r t icu la t e
mat t er, s u lph u r oxide et c;
Ligh t , n ois e, vis u a l, poin t s ou r ce a n d ex-
t en ded s ou r ce pollu t ion ;
Ur ba n s pr a wl, h a bit a t fr a gmen t a t ion ,
h abit at des t ru ct ion ;
Soil er os ion , s oil con t a min a t ion a n d
s alin at ion , an d Was t e;
Aviat ion an d en vir on men t ;
Environmental impacts of irrigation, dams
an d res ervoirs ;
GAIA hypothesis and environment protec-
tion;
E n vi r on m e n t a l i m p l i c a t i on s of
n a n ot ech n ology (n a n o- t oxiology a n d
n an o-pollu t ion ).
5 . Mat he mat ic s and Eve ryday Life
The fascinating world of mathematics provides
us with an unlimited scope to perceive problems
pertaining to thr ee s it u a t ion s vis u a lized in t h e
for m of con cr et e, a bs t r a ct ion a n d in t u it ion .
Th e impor t a n t s egmen t of ma t h ema t ics t h e
abilit y t o reas on an d t h in k clearly is ext remely
u s efu l in ou r ever yday life. Pr oofs an d dedu c-
t ion s a r e h a llma r ks of ma t h ema t ics . Mu ch
more than arithmetic and geometry, mathemat-
ics t oda y is a diver s e dis ciplin e. It a ls o dea ls
wit h da t a , mea s u r emen t s a n d obs er va t ion s
fr om s cien ce, mat h emat ical models of n at u r al
ph en omen on in clu din g h u ma n beh a vior a n d
s ocial s ys t ems . It s domain is n ot molecu les or
cells bu t nu mbers , chance, forms , pat t ern and
order, algorit hms , and change. As a s cience of
a bs t r a ct object s , ma t h ema t ics r elies on logic
r a t h er t h a n on obs er va t ion , a s it s s t a n da r d of
tru th, yet employs observation, simu lation, and
even experimen t at ion as mean s of dis coverin g
t r u t h . Ma t h ema t ics offer s dis t in ct ive mode of
t h ou gh t s wh ich are vers at ile an d powerfu l, in -
clu ding mat hemat ical modeling, opt imizat ion,
logica l a n a lys is , in fer en ce fr om da t a a n d u s e
of s ymbols . Exper ien ce wit h ma t h ema t ica l
mod e s of t h ou gh t b u i l d s ma t h e ma t i c a l
power a capacit y of min d of in creas in g valu e
in t h is t ech n ologica l a ge t h a t en a bles on e of
r ea d cr it ica lly, t o iden t ify fa lla cies , t o det ect
bias, to assess risk, and to su ggest alternatives.
Fr om medica l t ech n ology t o econ omic
pla n n in g (in pu t / ou t pu t models of econ omic
b e h a vi or ), fr om ge n e t i c s t o ge ol ogy,
mat hemat ics has made an indelible imprint on
ever y pa r t of moder n s cien ce, even a s s cien ce
it s elf h a s s t imu la t ed for gr owt h of ma n y
bran ch es of mat h emat ics . Applicat ion s of on e
part of mat h emat ics t o an ot h er -of geomet ry t o
a n a lys is , of pr oba bilit y t o n u mber t h eor y-
u n it y of ma t h ema t ics . Des p it e fr equ en t
con n ect ion s a mon g pr oblems in s cien ce a n d
ma t h ema t ics , t h e con s t a n t dis cover y of n ew
a llia n ces r et a in s a s u r p r is in g d egr ee of
u n p r e d i c t a b i l i t y. Wh e t h e r p l a n n e d or
u n plan n ed, t h e in t imacy bet ween s cien ce an d
m a t h e m a t i c s i n p r ob l e m s ol vi n g,
u n der s t a n din g t h eor ies a n d con cept s h a s
r a r ely been gr ea t er t h a n it is n ow, in t h e la s t
qu ar t er of t wen t iet h cen t u r y.
Mathematics gives an exactness in thinking
a n d pr ovides a qu a n t it a t ive a ppr oa ch . Th e
s pecia l r ole of ma t h ema t ics in edu ca t ion is a
con s equ en ce of it s u n iver s a l a pplica bilit y. In
gen er a l, t o s olve pr a ct ica l pr oblems we follow
a s et pr ocedu r e in vovin g s t eps r ela t ed wit h
d efin in g va r ia b les ; wr it in g equ a t ion s or
in equ alit ies ; collect in g dat a an d or gan ize in t o
t a bles ; ma kin g gr a ph s a n d illu s t r a t ion s ; a n d
calct au lat in g pr obabilit ies .
Wit h t h e a bove fr a gr a n ce of ma t h ema t ics ,
let u s obs er ve a s it u a t ion a n d exa min e h ow
mat h emat ics is in volved in it .
S it u a t ion : Su p p os e ou r p r ob lem is t o
es t ima t e t h e n u mber of fis h / fis h es in a pon d.
It is n ot pos s ible t o capt u re each of t h os e fis h /
fis h es a n d cou n t t h em. We ma y ca pt u r e a
s a mple fr om t h e pon d a n d es t ima t e t h e t ot a l
nu mber of fish/ fishes in it. How can we do this?
For t h e a bove s it u a t ion , let u s fir s t t a ke a
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Gui de li ne s for St at e Le ve l Sc i e nc e Exhi bi t i ons for Chi ldre n 2 0 1 1 -1 2
s ample of fis hes . Now, how do we es t imat e t he
entire popu lation? We wou ld have to then mark
t he s ampled fis hes , allow t hem t o mix wit h t he
r ema in in g on es in t h e pon d, a ga in dr a w a
s a mple fr om t h e pon d, a n d s ee h ow ma n y of
t h e pr eviou s ly mar ked on es ar e pr es en t in t h e
new sample. Then, u sing rat io and proport ion,
we ca n come u p wit h a n es t ima t e of t h e t ot a l
popu lat ion . For in s t an ce, let u s t ake a s ample
of 20 fishes from t he pond and mark t hem, and
t h en r elea s e t h em in t h e s a me pon d, s o a s t o
mix wit h t h e r emain in g fis h es .
We then take another sample (say 50), from
t h e mixed popu lat ion and s ee how many are
marked. We collect dat a and analyze it .
On e ma jor a s s u mpt ion we a r e ma kin g is
t h at t h e mar ked fis h es mix u n ifor mly wit h t h e
r ema in in g fis h es , a n d t h e s a mple we t a ke is a
good r epr es en t a t ive of t h e en t ir e popu la t ion .
Th e s imp lified ma t h ema t ica l p r ob lem
developed h er e is t h en s olved u s in g va r iou s
mathematical techniques .
For instance, su ppose in the second sample
5 marked fishes are present. So, 5/ 50, i.e. 1/ 10,
of t h e popu lat ion is marked. If t h is is t ypical of
t h e wh ole p op u la t ion , t h en 1 / 1 0
t h
of t h e
p op u la t ion is equ a l t o 2 0 . So, t h e wh ole
popu la t ion = 20 x 10 = 200.
Now, let u s go back t o t he original sit u at ion
and see if t he resu lt s of t he mat hemat ical work
ma ke s en s e. If n ot s o, we u s e t h e model u n t il
n e w i n for m a t i on b e c om e s a va i l a b l e or
as s u mpt ion s ch an ge.
Somet imes, becau se of t he simplificat ion of
as s u mpt ion s we make, we may loos e es s en t ial
a s pect s of t h e r ea l pr oblem wh ile givin g it s
ma t h ema t ics des cr ipt ion . In s u ch ca s es , t h e
s olu t ion cou ld ver y oft en be off t h e ma r k, a n d
n ot ma ke s en s e in t h e r ea l s it u a t ion . If t h is
h a ppen s , we r econ s ider t h e a s s u mpt ion s in
fir s t s t ep a n d r evis e t h em t o be mor e r ea lis t ic,
pos s ibly by inclu ding s ome fact ors which were
n ot con s ider ed earlier.
For in s t a n ce, t h e n u mber ma y n ot be t h e
a ct u a l n u mber of fis h es in t h e pon d. We n ext
s ee wh et h er t h is is a good es t ima t e of t h e
popu la t ion by r epea t in g t h e a bove s t eps a few
more t imes, and t aking t he mean of t he resu lt s
obt ain ed. Th is wou ld give a clos er es t imat e of
t h e popu la t ion .
Th e impor t a n ce of ma t h ema t ics lies in
explor in g it s a pplica t ion s in t h r ee differ en t
dimen s ion s a t t r ibu t ed t o it s fu n da men t a l
as pect s , viz , cu lt u ral valu e, dis ciplinary valu e,
an d u t ilit ar ian valu e.
To en cou r a ge a n d s t imu la t e s t u den t s
i n t e r e s t i n Ma t h e m a t i c s , s om e of t h e
ma t h ema t ica l pr in ciples bein g t r a n s a ct ed a t
school stages with their applications have been
in dicat ed below.
Th e exh ibit s / models in t h is s u b-t h emes
ma y per t a in t o:
Pr in ciples of s equ en ce a n d s er ies in s ev-
er a l s ph er es of h u ma n a ct ivit ies viz, ca l-
cu la t in g t h e a mou n t of mon ey over cer -
t a in per iod of t ime u n der given r a t e of
s imple in t er es t or compou n d in t er es t /
fin din g depr eciat ed or in cr eas ed valu e of
a certain commodity over a period of time;
Det er min in g expen dit u r es n eeded for
ma n u fa ct u r in g wa t er t a n k/ r ect a n gu la r
box/ cylin dr ica l/ con e- s h a ped object s of
a cer t ain mat er ial pr ovided cos t of mat e-
r ia l per s qu a r e/ cu be/ u n it a r e kn own ;
Us in g pr in ciples of per mu t a t ion s a n d
combinat ions t o cou nt t he nu mber of ar -
r an gemen t s an d s elect ion s (for example,
det er min in g h ow ma n y r ou t es a r e t h er e
fr om Cit y A t o Cit y C via Cit y B pr ovided
t h ere are five rou t es from Cit y A t o Cit y B
a n d s even r ou t es fr om Cit y B t o Cit y C);
Det er min in g per imet er, a r ea of a r egion
bou nded by polygons / t he circu mference
and area of a circu lar region/ su rface area
a n d volu me of cu be/ cu boid/ cylin der /
con e/ s ph er e/ h emis ph er e of s olid wh en
t wo ba s ic s olids a r e join ed t oget h er ;
Const ru ct ion of sphere by revolving circle
a bou t it s dia met er / r igh t cir cu la r cylin -
der by r evolvin g r ect a n gle/ r igh t cir cu la r
con e by r evolvin g r igh t a n gled t r ia n gle/
con s t r u ct ion of con ics , pa r a bola , ellips e
an d h yperbola by cu t t in g dou ble n apped
con es by pla n es ;
An a lyt ica l t ools s u ch a s con ics u s ed in
designing parabolic reflect ors in au t omo-
b ile h ea d ligh t / s u s p en s ion of ca b le
br idges / lou d s pea ker s in r a dio;
Pr in ciples of s ymmet r y for in dir ect mea -
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Gui de li ne s for St at e Le ve l Sc i e nc e Exhi bi t i ons for Chi ldre n 2 0 1 1 -1 2
s u r emen t for t h e h eigh t of cer t ain object ;
Fin din g t h e r a t io of a r ea of qu a n t it ies of
s u bs t a n ces in t h e for ma t ion of com-
pou n ds or mixt u r es ;
Applica t ion of s emi-ellipt ic s pr in gs a n d
ellipt ic s h a ped gea r s in en gin eer in g a n d
in du s t r y;
Constru cting an open water tank of maxi-
mu m capacit y by cu t t ing squ ares of same
s ize a t ea ch cor n er of t h e s h eet a n d fold-
in g u p t h e s ides by u s in g given r ect a n -
gu lar sheet of metal/ finding when the res-
ervoir will overflow by kn owin g t h e dept h
of wat er at var iou s in s t an t s of t ime;
Des ign s of pa r kin g a r ea for ma ximu m
u t ilizat ion of s pace;
Pr edict in g t h e ch a n ges in va lu e of a pa r -
t icu lar st ock by knowing it s present valu e
t h rou gh fin an cial in s t it u t ion s ;
Pr edict in g t h e popu la t ion of s pecies over
cer t a in per iod of t ime u n der given con -
straints;
Es t imat in g/ calcu lat in g s ize of win dows /
door s / r ooms in ou r s ch ool or h ome/ es -
t imat in g n u mber of plan t s lyin g in a par -
t icu lar flower bed/ calcu lat in g h eigh t of a
bu ildin g or a t r ee;
Es t ima t in g t h e degr ee of u n cer t a in t y r e-
ga r din g t h e h a ppen in g of a given ph e-
n omen on s u ch as a can didat e appear in g
for an int erview for a post may be select ed
or may n ot be s elect ed/ it may or may n ot
r a in t oda y;
Applica t ion s of lin ea r pr ogr a mmin g in
s olvin g pr oblems per t ain in g t o man u fac-
t u r in g of goods / t r a n s por t / diet is s u es ;
St u dy of r ot a t ion a l s ymmet r y in pla n t s
a n d a n ima ls / r ole of r epea t ed s ymmet r i-
ca l pa t t er n s in ma kin g fa br ic des ign s ,
wallpaper et c.;
Applica t ion s of ma t h ema t ics in decor a t -
in g h ome e.g. h ow ma n y r olls of wa llpa -
per / n u mber of t iles a r e n eeded t o cover
t h e wall;
Us e of t r ia n gles / ma kin g geomet r ica l de-
s ign s on a t a ble of cer t a in r a diu s , a de-
s ign is for med lea vin g a n equ ila t er a l t r i-
a n gle in t h e middle a n d fin din g t h e a r ea
of t h e des ign );
Us in g ma t h ema t ics in cookin g a n d n u -
trition/ estimating nu mber of calories and
qu a n t it y of n u t r ien t s (ca r boh ydr a t es ,
pr ot ein s , fat s , min er als et c.) in a s ample
por t ion of va r iou s food it ems ;
Es t ima t in g qu a n t it y of s eeds n eeded for
a cr op/ es t ima t in g cr op yields in a pa r -
t icu lar field wit hou t cu t t ing or weighing/
es t ima t in g/ ca lcu la t in g len gt h of wir e
n eeded t o fen ce ou r field/ es t ima t in g life
s pa n of a n elect r ic bu lb/ es t ima t in g t h e
volu me of blood in s ide t h e body of a per -
s on / es t imat in g amou n t of wat er n eeded
t o fill a s wimmin g pool;
Es t ablis h in g a mat h emat ical r elat ion by
con s ider in g a ll pos s ible pa r a met er s t o
h a ve ma ximu m pr ofit in pr odu cin g cer -
t a in it ems by a fa ct or y;
Helpin g t o decide/ det er min e pr emiu m
on insu rance policies/ to make important
decis ion s in bu s in es s ;
Fin din g in s t an t an eou s s peed of a pis t on
in a cylin der of a n a u t omobile en gin e;
Applica t ion of ma t h ema t ica l t ools a n d
compu t er t ech n iqu es in biology. For
exa mple, n a r a t ion of s t or y of evolu t ion
t h r ou gh compu t er media t ed a s s embly
of phylogenic t rees and dendograms; et c.
6 . Dis as t e r Manage me nt
Dis a s t er s h a ve s ign ifica n t r ela t ion s h ip wit h
n a t u r a l r e s ou r c e ma n a ge me n t , p ove r t y
a lleva ia t ion a n d s u s t a in a ble developmen t .
Va r iou s d is a s t er s ca n ca u s e d a ma ge t o
h u ma n life, en vir on men t , in fr a s t r u ct u r e,
lowering t he qu alit y of life, los s of different bio-
or ga n is ms , polit ica l in s t a bilit y a n d con flict s ,
demogr a ph ic imba la n ce, u n employmen t et c.
Th er e is ch a os a n d dis or ga n is a t ion in t h e
even t of a n y n a t u r a l or ma n ma de dis a s t er.
People a r e a ffect ed a n d dis t u r bed. Th e is s u e
of dis a s t er ca n be ma n a ged by ma kin g a ll
pos s ible pr epa r edn es s t o fa cilit a t e pr oper
coor din a t ion a mon g differ en t compon en t s of
t h e s ys t em s u ch a s commu n ica t ion , medica l,
fir e figh t in g a gen cies , police, s ocia l wor ker s ,
4 2
Gui de li ne s for St at e Le ve l Sc i e nc e Exhi bi t i ons for Chi ldre n 2 0 1 1 -1 2
media, elect r ic s u pply agen cies , ar med for ces ,
s cien t is t s , en gin eer s a n d t ech n ologis t s , a n d
other agencies. The whole system inclu ding the
gen er a l pu blic a lt oget h er mu s t kn ow wh a t t o
do a n d a t wh a t t ime t o do. Pr epa r edn es s ,
coor d in a t ion a n on gs t d iffer en t a gen cies
in clu din g t h e gover n men t a gen cies , pla n n in g
a n d clea r vis ion of a ct ion t o be t a ken a r e t h e
keys t o a n y dis a s t er ma n a gemen t .
Geoclima t ic con dit ion s of ou r cou n t r y a r e
prone t o cert ain nat u ral disast ers like drou ght ,
flood, cyclon e a n d ea r t h qu a ke. Ar ou n d 60 %
of In dia n la n dma s s is pr on e t o ea r t h qu a ke of
va r yin g degr ee; 8 per cen t of t ot a l a r ea t o
cyclon e; 68 per cen t t o dr ou gh t ; 0.5 million
h ect a r e t o flood. Seven t y five per cen t of t h e
a n n u a l r a in fa ll occu r s d u r in g mon s oon
mont hs . As a res u lt , almos t all t he rivers carry
h ea vy d is ch a r ge wit h t h em d u r in g t h os e
mon t h s . In t h e cu rren t decade, t h e damage in
t er ms of h u ma n s u ffer in gs , los s of life,
agr icu lt u r al pr odu ct ivit y an d econ omic los s es
have been as t ronomical. Forecas t ing, warning
a n d c om m u n i c a t i n g u s i n g a d va n c e d
technologies: setting u p, maintaining reviewing
a n d u pgr a din g of pr epa r edn es s mea s u r es :
s ens it izat ion: t raining: exercis e and behavioral
c h a n ge p r ogr a mme s of t h e c ommu n it y;
effect ive en for cemen t of bu ildin g s a fet y codes
a n d in for ma t ion ma n a gemen t a r e s ome of t h e
is s u es r elat ed wit h dis as t er man agemen t .
In ou r cou n t r y, t h e is s u e is a ls o a bou t t h e
n eed for effect ive r es ou r ce mobiliza t ion a n d
s peedy act ion . Wh at s h ou ld we do wh en faced
wit h a flood, cyclon e, qu a ke or a n y ot h er
dis a s t er wh en we a r e a t h ome, s ch ool or a t
work? Trained local t eams s hou ld be equ ipped
t o deal swift ly and efficient ly in any emergency.
Scien ce an d t ech n ology can be of great h elp as
in mos t dis a s t er s r es pon s e t ime is cr u cia l t o
preven t fu rt h er los s .
The objective of this sub-theme is to increase
awareness of the dangers posed by disasters and
t o h elp ch ildr en fin d mea s u r es for effect ive
mit iga t ion of t h os e da n ger s . Th e exh ibit s /
models in t his s u b-t heme may per t a in t o:
Bet t er in for ma t ion a n d pu blic a ddr es s
s ys t ems in t he event of dis as t er t o prevent
ch aos an d con fu s ion ;
Acces s of clea n a n d s a fe dr in kin g wa t er
in t h e even t of dis as t er ;
Ext en din g logis t ic s u ppor t s du r in g va r i-
ou s ca la mit ies , u n der t a kin g r es cu e a n d
rehabilitation measu res du ring calamities;
Improvis ed/ improved devices for effect ive
commu n ica t ion bet ween va r iou s emer -
gen cy s er vices -medica l, police, milit a r y
and ot her adminis t rat ive bodies / commit -
tees;
Va r iou s mea s u r es / models for pla n n in g,
pr epa r edn es s a n d coor din a t ion of differ -
en t agen cies in t h e even of dis as t er / com-
mu nit y level preparednes s for t he variou s
man-made dis as t ers s u ch as gas leakage,
n u clea r a cciden t s , ba t t er y/ bomb explo-
sions, et c.;
Us e of geo-s t at ion ar y s at ellit es in pr ovid-
ing informat ion pert aining t o met eorologi-
cal proces s es ;
Tech n ologies in for eca s t in g a n d wa r n in g
of cyclon es , floods a n d s t or ms ;
In n ova t ive des ign s of flood a la r m/ flood
for eca s t in g a n d cyclon e wa r n in g n et -
wor ks ;
In format ion man agemen t from s h ips an d
ocea n s bu oys - u s e of r a da r s in cyclon e
det ect ion;
Va r iou s flood pr even t in g mea s u r es s u ch
a s con s t r u ct ion of r a is ed pla t for ms , em-
bankment of rivers , maint enance of man-
gr oves an d ot h er mit igat ion meas u r es ;
To en s u r e t h e effect iven es s of dr a in a ge
s ys t em for clea r a n ce of s ewa ge befor e
mon s oon s ea s on / t o ca r r y off s t or m wa -
ter;
Emergency mechanisms and mobilization
cen t er s / impr ovemen t in commu n icat ion
an d t r an s por t at ion s ys t em;
Informat ion management and early warn-
in g s ys t ems for flas h floods ;
St u dies of t h e impa ct of globa l wa r min g
on hu man healt h (s pread of epidemic like
den gu e, malar ia, yellow fever et c.;
Recon s t r u ct ion of r iver ba n ks in flood a f-
fect ed areas for agricu lt u ral an d reh abili-
t at ion of lan dles s people;
St u dies of t h e ch a n ges in a n ima l beh a v-
ior a s a wa r min g t o n a t u r a l dis a s t er ;
Des ign s a n d developmen t of a u t oma t ic
weat h er r ecor din g devices et c.
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Gui de li ne s for St at e Le ve l Sc i e nc e Exhi bi t i ons for Chi ldre n 2 0 1 1 -1 2
Th e Un it ed Na t ion s decla r ed yea r 2011 a s t h e
In t er n a t ion a l Yea r of Ch emis t r y (IYC). Th e
a ct ivit ies t o be ca r r ied ou t in t er n a t ion a lly a n d
n a t ion a lly in t h is yea r 2011 will emph a s ize on
t h e imp or t a n ce of ch emis t r y in s u s t a in in g
n at u r al r es ou r ces . In addit ion , t h e year will als o
dr a w a t t en t ion t o t h e UN deca de of Edu ca t ion
for Su s t a in a ble Developmen t 2005 2014.
Th e yea r 2011 is t h e 100
t h
a n n iver s a r y of t h e
awar d of Nobel Pr ize in Ch emis t r y t o Mme Mar ia
Sklodows ke Cu rie. Th u s IYC 2011 als o provide
a n oppor t u n it y t o celebr a t e t h e con t r ibu t ion of
women t o s cien ce. Th is yea r is a ls o t h e 100
t h
a n n i ve r s a r y of t h e fou n d a t i on of t h e
In t er n a t ion a l As s ocia t ion of Ch emica l Scien ces
(IACS) t o a ddr es s t h e n eeds for in t er n a t ion a l
s cien t ific commu n ica t ion a n d coop er a t ion
amon g ch emis t s by s t an dardizin g n omen clat u re
an d t er min ology (t oget h er wit h t h e In t er n at ion al
Un ion of Pu re an d Applied Ch emis t ry wh ich was
es t ablis h ed in 1919 by ch emis t s an d academia).
Ch e m i s t r y i s fu n d a m e n t a l t o ou r
u n der s t a n din g of t h e wor ld a n d t h e cos mos . All
kn own ma t t er is compos ed of t h e ch emica l
elemen t s . Th is is t h e kn owledge of ch emis t r y
t h a t ma k es u s t o u n d er s t a n d t h e ma t er ia l
n a t u r e. Th e molecu la r t r a n s for ma t ion s a r e
cent ral t o t he produ ct ion of food, medicines, fu el,
a n d cou n t les s ma n u fa ct u r ed a n d ext r a ct ed
p r od u c t s . In d e e d a ll livin g p r oc e s s e s a r e
con t r olled by ch emica l r ea ct ion s . It is a ls o
cer t a in t h a t ch emis t r y will pla y a ma jor r ole in
developin g a lt er n a t ive en er gy s ou r ces a n d in
feedin g t h e wor lds gr owin g popu la t ion . Du r in g
IYC 2011, t h e a ch ievemen t s of ch emis t r y a n d
it s con t r ibu t ion s t o t h e well-bein g of h u ma n it y
will be celebr a t ed. Th r ou gh t h e Yea r, t h e wor ld
will celebr a t e t h e a r t a n d s cien ce of ch emis t r y,
a n d it s es s en t ia l con t r ibu t ion s t o kn owledge, t o
en vir on men t a l p r ot ect ion a n d t o econ omic
developmen t . Th e IYC will give a globa l boos t t o
chemical s cience in which ou r life and ou r fu t u re
a r e gr ou n ded. Du r in g t h e IYC, a ct ivit ies woiu ld
b e p l a n n e d t o (i ) In c r e a s e t h e p u b l i c
appr eciat ion of ch emis t r y in meet in g wor ld n eeds ;
(ii) In cr eas e in t er es t of you n g people in ch emis t r y;
(i i i ) In c r e a s e t h e p u b l i c a p p r e c i a t i on a n d
u n d e r s t a n d i n g of c h e mi s t r y; (i v) Ge n e r a t e
en t h u s ia s m for t h e cr ea t ive fu t u r e of ch emis t r y;
(v) Ra is in g pu blic a wa r en es s a bou t ch emis t r y is
a ll t h e mor e impor t a n t in view of t h e ch a llen ges
of s u s t a in a ble developmen t ; (vi) Pr omot e t h e r ole
of ch emis t r y in con t r ibu t in g t o s olu t ion s t o globa l
c h a l l e n ge s ; a n d (vi i ) Ce l e b r a t e t h e 1 0 0 t h e
a n n iver s a r y of t h e Mme Cu r ie Nobel Pr ize a n d t h e
1 0 0
t h
a n n i ve r s a r y of t h e fou n d i n g of t h e
In t er n a t ion a l As s ocia t ion of Ch emica l Socit ies
(IACS).
Du r i n g t h i s On e - Da y S e m i n a r on
Popu la r iza t ion of Scien ce, ch ildr en , t ea ch er s ,
pa r en t s a n d a ll con cer n ed a r e in vit ed t o gen er a t e
idea s . Th e a ct ivit ies in t h is s emin a r ma y in clu de:
Or ga n i s i n g h a n d s - on a c t i vi t i e s a n d
d e m on s t r a t i on s t o h e l p c h i l d r e n i n
u n der s t an din g wor kin g in ch emis t r y-r elat ed
areas , s u ch a s per iodic t a ble, molecu les t h a t
h a ve led t o r evolu t ion in h u ma n life, a t omic
models , u s e of ma t h ema t ica l modellin g et c.
Promot in g des ign in g project s t o promot e an d
s t imu lat e modern development s in chemis t ry
an d ch emical r es ear ch at all levels of s ch ool
edu cat ion.
Or ga n iza t ion of vis it s t o in du s t r ia l s it es
inclu ding manu factu res, chemical produ cers,
p la n t s , met a l a n d p et r oleu m r efin er ies , .
s cien ce expr es s t r a in et c.
Pu blicizin g t h e con t r ibu t ion s t h at ch emis t r y
makes t o h u man kin d by ar r an gin g lect u r es
or by pu blicat ion s et c.
Or ga n i zi n g p os t e r e xh i b i t i on - c u m -
compet it ion s h igh ligh t in g u s efu ln es s a n d
won der s of ch emis t r y.
In vit in g profes s ion als t o s ch ools t o s h ow h ow
ch emis t r y is applied an d u s ed in t h eir jobs .
Dis pa ly of low-cos t exh ibit s a n d models
con veyin g cu r r icu la r t opics .
Scr een in g of s lide s h ows , demon s t r a t ion s
exper imen t s et c.
2 GUIDELINES FOR ORGANISING ONE-DAY SEMINAR ON
POPULARISATION OF SCIENCE
INTERNATIONAL YEAR OF CHEMISTRY 2 0 1 1
NOTE: The One-Day S eminar on Popularis ation of S cience s hould preferably be organis ed one d ay
before the organis ation of S tate Level S cience Exhibition for Child ren.
4 4
Gui de li ne s for St at e Le ve l Sc i e nc e Exhi bi t i ons for Chi ldre n 2 0 1 1 -1 2
OBJECTIVES
Th e p u r p os e of s cien ce exh ib it ion s is t o
d evelop s cien t ific a t t it u d e in t h e you n g
generat ion of ou r cou nt ry t o make t hem realise
t h e in t er depen den ce of s cien ce, t ech n ology
a n d s ociet y a n d t h e r es p on s ib ilit y of t h e
s cien t is t s of t omor r ow. Th es e object ives ma y
be a ch ieved by pr es en t in g t h e exh ibit s a s a n
excit in g exper ien ce of cr ea t ivit y of ch ildr en ,
innovat ions t hrou gh improvis at ions of s cience
kit s , a n d va r iou s devices a n d models for
pr ovidin g s olu t ion s t o ma n y pr es en t a n d
fu t u r e s ocio-econ omic pr oblems pa r t icu la r ly
t h os e con fr on t ed in t h e r u r a l a r ea s , u s in g
a va ila ble ma t er ia ls a n d loca l r es ou r ces .
Th e exh ib it ion will h elp ch ild r en a n d
t each er s t o lear n fr om each ot h er exper ien ces
a n d mot iva t e t h em t o des ign a n d develop
somet hing new and novel. It will also provide a
medium for popularising science and increasing
awar en es s amon g t h e pu blic t owar ds it . Th e
objectives of organising science exhibitions may
br iefly be pu t as follows :
s t i m u l a t i n g i n t e r e s t i n s c i e n c e a n d
t ech n ology a n d in cu lca t in g s cien t ific s pir it
in you n ger gen er a t ion ;
explor in g a n d en cou r a gin g s cien t ific a n d
t ech n ologica l t a len t a mon g ch ildr en ;
in cu lca t in g in t h em a s en s e of pr ide in
t h eir t a len t ;
ma kin g ch ildr en r ea lis e t h e r ela t ion s h ip
between science and technology and society;
u n d e r s t a n d i n g t h e n e e d for p r op e r
man agemen t for t h e opt imu m u t ilis at ion of
r es ou r ces a n d pr eva ilin g t ech n ologies ;
p r ovi d i n g e xp l or a t or y e xp e r i e n c e s ,
e n c ou r a gi n g c r e a t i ve t h i n k i n g a n d
pr omot in g ps ych omot or a n d ma n ipu la t ive
s kills a mon g ch ildr en t h r ou gh s elf devis ed
exh ibit s or models or s imple a ppa r a t u s ;
encou raging problem solving approach and
developin g t h e a ppr opr ia t e t ech n ologies ,
es pecially for r u r al ar eas an d in t egr at in g
scient ific ideas wit h daily life sit u at ions;
incu lcat ing int ellect u al hones t y, t eam s pirit
and aesthetic sense among the participants;
popu la r is in g s cien ce a mon g ma s s es a n d
cr ea t in g a n a wa r en es s r ega r din g t h e r ole
of science and t echnology in socio-economic
a n d s u s t a in a ble gr owt h of t h e cou n t r y;
d evelop in g a p p r op r ia t e t ech n iqu es for
commu n ica t ion of s cien ce, t ech n ology a n d
it s ma n a gemen t .
CALL FOR ENTRIES
Th e ma in t h eme for t h e St a t e Level Scien ce
Exhibit ions for Children 2011-2012 and for t he
39t h J a wa h a r la l Neh r u Na t ion a l Exh ibit ion for
Scien ce a n d En vir on men t a l Ed u ca t ion for
Ch ildr en (J NNESEC 2012) wou ld be 'Sc ie nc e ,
Soc i e t y and Envi ronme nt '. Th e iden t ified s ix
s u b-t h emes a r e:
1. Agr icu lt u r e a n d Food Secu r it y;
2. En er gy Res ou r ces a n d Con s er va t ion ;
3. Healt h ;
4. En vir on men t a l Is s u es a n d Con cer n s
5. Ma t h ema t ics a n d Ever yda y Life; a n d
6. Dis a s t er Ma n a gemen t
In order to facilitate the preparation of exhibits
and models for display in dist rict t o st at e level
science exhibitions du ring 2011-2012, Guidelines
for the Preparation of Exhibits and Models are also
being commu nicated.
i. Ch i l d r e n fr om a l l s c h ool s [i n c l u d i n g
gover n men t , gover n men t -a ided, pu blic a n d
pr iva t e, ca t h olic, mis s ion , a r med-for ces
(Ar my, Air For ce, Na vy, Sa in ik, BSF, ITBP,
As s a m- Rifles , CRPF, Police et c. ), DAV
3 GUIDELINES FOR ORGANISING THE STATE LEVEL SCIENCE EXHIBITIONS
FOR CHILDREN 2 0 1 1 -2 0 1 2
4 5
Gui de li ne s for St at e Le ve l Sc i e nc e Exhi bi t i ons for Chi ldre n 2 0 1 1 -1 2
ma n a gemen t , Ma h a r s h i Vid ya Ma n d ir,
S a r a s wa t i Vi d ya Ma n d i r , Na vyu g,
Mu n icip a lit y, Bh a r t iya Vid ya Bh a va n ,
Scien ce Clu bs et c.] are eligible t o part icipat e
i n S t a t e Le ve l S c i e n c e E xh i b i t i on s .
Pr efer en ce ma y be given for s t u den t s in
s en ior cla s s es (i.e. in s econ da r y a n d h igh er
s econ da r y s t a ges ).
No t e f o r a l l S t a t e Le v e l S c i e n c e
Exhi bi t i ons c oordi nat ors be longi ng t o
s t at e / UT gove rnme nt s :
Followin g or ga n is a t ion s con du ct t h eir own
s cien ce exh ibit ion s s epa r a t ely:
Ken dr iya Vidya la ya Sa n ga t h a n ;
Na voda ya Vidya la ya Sa mit i;
Depa r t men t of At omic En er gy Cen t r a l
Sch ools ;
CBS E a ffi l i a t e d Pu b l i c S c h ool s
(in depen den t s ch ools ); a n d
Demon s t r a t ion Mu lt ipu r pos e Sch ools of
Region a l In s t it u t es of Edu ca t ion .
Th es e or ga n is a t ion s s en d t h eir s elect ed
en t r ies for con s ider a t ion for pa r t icipa t ion
in J awah arlal Neh ru Nat ion al Exh ibit ion for
Scien ce a n d En vir on men t a l Edu ca t ion for
Ch ildr en (J NNESEC) - 2012 t o t h e NCERT
direct ly. Therefore, it may pleas e be ens u red
t h a t e n t r i e s b e l on gi n g t o t h e s e
or ga n is a t ion s a r e n ot for wa r ded t o NCERT.
ii. Wide pu blicit y s h ou ld be given for in vit in g
en t r ies . Guid elines for the Preparation of
Exhibits and Models for dis play in dis trict to
s tate level s cience exhibitions during 2011-
2012 s hould be provided to all s chools . These
gu idelin es may als o be t r an s lat ed in local
la n gu a ges , if pos s ible, a n d be given wide
pu blicit y. Th is ma y a ls o be given on t h e
In t er n et webs it e(s ) of t h e r es pect ive s t at es /
u n ion t er r it or ies a n d ot h er pa r t icipa t in g
or ga n is a t ion s . It is a ls o en vis a ged t h a t
gu idelin es be pr in t ed in local lan gu age(s ),
Hin di, an d En glis h in t h e for m of a booklet
for their dissemination among all the schools
for gen er at in g t h e ideas for developin g t h e
exh ibit s an d models . Th es e gu idelin es ca n
a l s o b e vi e we d on NCE R T we b s i t e
(www.ncert.nic.in).
iii. Pu blic Sect or Undert akings , Indu s t ries , and
ot h e r Non - gove r n me n t Or ga n i s a t i on s
wor kin g in t h e a r ea s (wh er e t h es e s cien ce
exh ib it ion s a r e or ga n is ed ) ma y a ls o b e
i n vi t e d t o p a r t i c i p a t e a s t h e e xh i b i t s
dis played by t h em wou ld be of in s t r u ct ion al
va lu e for t h e ch ildr en a n d t ea ch er s .
4 6
Gui de li ne s for St at e Le ve l Sc i e nc e Exhi bi t i ons for Chi ldre n 2 0 1 1 -1 2
SCREENING, EVALUATION AND MONITORING OF
ENTRIES
1. A s cr een in g commit t ee s h ou ld be s et u p t o
fin a lis e t h e s elect ion of en t r ies fr om t h e
variou s ins t it u t ions for part icipat ion in t he
St at e Level Science Exhibit ion for Children
in ca s e Dis t r ict s / Region a l Level Scien ce
Exh ibit ion s ar e n ot bein g or gan is ed by t h e
st at e/ UT.
2. Th e Scr een in g Commit t ee ma y con s is t of
r epr es en t a t ives of SISE/ SIE a n d s ome
s elect ed r epr es en t a t ive in s t it u t ion (s ). All
records abou t the meeting of the committee
s h ou ld b e ma in t a in ed . Th e s elect ion
p r oc e d u r e a d op t e d s h ou l d l a y mor e
emph a s is on t h e qu a lit y of t h e exh ibit s
r a t h er t h a n qu a n t it y. It s hould be ens ured
t h a t t h e e x h ib it s a re n ot cru d e a n d
haz ardous a n d h a ve good fin is h a n d a r e
pr es en t able.
3. The above mentioned Screening Committee
or a s ep a r a t e p a n el of ju d ges s h ou ld
eva lu a t e t h e exh ibit s a ccor din g t o t h e
cr it er ia of eva lu a t ion a t t a ch ed h er ewit h .
Best t hree exhibit s in each su b-t heme from
ea ch ca t egor y, viz., h igh er s econ da r y a n d
ot h er s mu s t a ls o be s elect ed by t h e s a id
pa n el of ju dges .
4. A s eparat e lis t of t h e s elect ed en t ries of t h e
exh ibit s a n d models u n der ea ch s u b-
t h eme (t o be dis pla yed in t h e s t a t e level
s cien ce exh ibit ion ) mu s t be prepared. Th is
mu s t con t a in t h e n a me of t h e exh ibit /
model, names of t he st u dent (s) and gu iding
t ea ch er (s ), n a me of t h e s ch ool a n d a br ief
in for ma t ion a bou t t h e exh ibit (ma y be in
t wo s en t en ces on ly). Th is lis t ma y a ls o be
d i s t r i b u t e d a m on g a l l p a r t i c i p a t i n g
ch ildr en a n d t ea ch er s . A copy of t h is lis t
s h ou ld be for wa r ded t o NCERT t oget h er
wit h t h e for ma l r epor t of t h e exh ibit ion .
S u c h a l i s t m a y b e p r e p a r e d i n
a ccor da n ce wit h t h e NCERT u n -pr iced
pu blica t ion on "Lis t of Exh ibit s ", t o be
dis pla yed in J a wa h a r la l Neh r u Na t ion a l
Scien ce Exh ib it ion for Ch ild r en (n ow
r en a med a s J a wa h a r la l Neh r u Na t ion a l
Exh ibit ion for Scien ce an d En vir on men t al
Edu ca t ion for Ch ildr en ). It is pu blis hed
every year and distributed to all participating
children, t eachers, and visit ors du ring t he
exh ibit ion . A copy of this may be obtained
from the Head, Department of Education in
Science and Mathematics , National Council
of Educational Res earch and Training, Sri
Aurobindo Marg, New Delhi 110 016.
5. A for ma l r epor t of t h e St a t e Level Scien ce
Exhibition and Seminar on Popu larisation
of Scien ce s h ou ld r ea ch NCERT wi t hi n
one mont h a ft er t h e con clu s ion of t h e
exh ibit ion . It s h ou ld in clu de t h e followin g:
i Da t es a n d ven u e of exh ibit ion .
ii Pr ofor ma s I - V du ly filled u p.
iii Lis t of s ch ools pa r t icipa t in g a n d t h e
n u m b e r of s t u d e n t s / t e a c h e r s
p a r t icip a t in g a s p er t h e p r ofor ma
a t t a ch ed. Br ea k-u p of t h e ma le a n d
fema le pa r t icipa n t s s h ou ld a ls o be
given . It s h ou ld a ls o r eflect on t h e
n u mber of r u r a l a n d u r ba n s ch ools ,
t h a t pa r t icipa t ed in t h e exh ibit ion .
iv List of entries of the exhibits and models
being displayed in the state level science
exhibition, as explained in paragraph-4
a bove. Nu mber of exh ibit s dis pla yed
u nder each su b-theme shou ld also be
mentioned separately.
v Hi g h l i g h t s o f t h e e x h i b i t i o n
in clu d in g ot h er a ct ivit ies s u ch a s
lect u r es , film s h ows , book exh ibit ion
e t c . a n d p a r t i c i p a t i on of ot h e r
s cien t ific/ in d u s t r ia l or ga n is a t ion s .
4 7
Gui de li ne s for St at e Le ve l Sc i e nc e Exhi bi t i ons for Chi ldre n 2 0 1 1 -1 2
vi Pa n el of ju d ges for eva lu a t in g t h e
e xh ib it s / mod e ls d is p la ye d in t h e
exh ib it ion (in a ccor d a n ce wit h t h e
Cr it er ia for Eva lu a t ion of Exh ibit s ).
vii Lis t of s elect ed exh ibit s bein g s en t for
con s id er a t ion for d is p la y in 3 9 t h
J NNESEC - 2012 bea r in g t h e n a me of
The Report
and
Proformas I-V
Sh ou ld s t r ict ly follow t h e a bove for ma t a n d be for wa r ded
wit hin one mont h
a ft er t h e con clu s ion of t h e exh ibit ion t o :
Dr. Gagan Gupt a
Co-ordinat or
St at e Le ve l Sc ie nc e Exhibit ions for Childre n - 2 0 1 1 -1 2
and
Jawaharlal Ne hru Nat ional Exhibit ion for Sc ie nc e and
Environme nt al Educ at ion for Childre n - 2 0 1 1
Depa r t men t of Edu ca t ion in Scien ce a n d Ma t h ema t ics
Na t ion a l Cou n cil of Edu ca t ion a l Res ea r ch a n d Tr a in in g
Sr i Au r obin do Ma r g, New Delh i 110 016
Te le fax: 011-26561742
e -mail: des m.ncert@nic.in; jnnes ec2011@y ahoo.com
We bs it e : www.n cer t .n ic.in
s t u den t , t each er, s ch ool, et c. an d t h eir
wr i t e u p s for c on s i d e r a t i on for
pa r t icipa t ion in J NNESEC -2012.
(A pr ofor ma for in for ma t ion a bou t t h e
exh ibit / model is a ls o a t t a ch ed for t h is
pu r pos e).
viii Nu mber of vis it or s t o t h e exh ibit ion .
4 8
Gui de li ne s for St at e Le ve l Sc i e nc e Exhi bi t i ons for Chi ldre n 2 0 1 1 -1 2
The J awaharlal Nehru Nat ional Exhibit ion for
Scien ce a n d En vir on men t a l Edu ca t ion for
Children - J NNESEC (earlier called J awaharlal
Nehru National Science Exhibition for Children
- J NNSEC) is or ga n is ed ever y yea r by t h e
NCERT. It receives ent ries for considerat ion for
participation from States/ UTs selected from the
St a t e Level Scien ce Exh ibit ion s h eld in t h e
pr ecedin g yea r. In or der t o keep a u n ifor m
criteria for evalu ating the exhibits in all States/
UTs and on t he basis of t he feedback received
from different agencies, the following criteria for
judging the exhibits is suggested (the percentage
given in bracket are su ggest ive weight ages):
1. In volvemen t of ch ildr en s own cr ea t ivit y
a n d ima gin a t ion (20 per cen t );
2. Origin alit y an d in n ovat ion s in t h e exh ibit /
model (15 per cen t );
3. Scientific thou ght/ principle/ approach (15
per cen t );
4. Te c h n i c a l s k i l l , wor k m a n s h i p a n d
cr a ft s ma n s h ip (15 per cen t );
5. Ut ilit y/ ed u ca t ion a l va lu e for la yma n ,
ch ildr en , et c.; (15 per cen t )
6. Economic (low cost ), port abilit y, du rabilit y,
et c. (10 per cen t ); a n d
7. Pres en t at ion - as pect s like demon s t rat ion ,
expla n a t ion , a n d dis pla y (10 per cen t ).
It is fu r t h er a dvis ed t o divide t h e en t r ies
into two categories, viz., (i) u pto secondary level;
an d (ii) h igh er s econ dar y level. On t h e bas is of
t he crit eria su ggest ed above, t hree ent ries from
e a c h s u b - t h e m e m a y b e s e l e c t e d a n d
for wa r ded t o NCERT for con s ider a t ion for
pa r t icipa t ion in J NNESEC-2012. Bes ides t h e
popu la r is a t ion of s cien ce, t h e object ive of t h is
a ct ivit y is t o s ea r ch a n d n u r t u r e in ven t ive or
cr ea t ive t a len t a mon g ch ildr en . J u dges a r e
r equ es t ed t o eva lu a t e t h e en t r ies on t h e ba s is
of p u p ils in volvemen t . Ima gin a t ion a n d
innovat ions made by t he child in des igning t he
exh ib it / mod el s h ou ld b e a s s es s ed . Th ey
s h ou ld a ls o ju d ge wh et h er t h e mod el is
t r a d it ion a l or a n imp r ovemen t over t h e
t r a dit ion a l model or it is in n ova t ive. Va r iou s
s kills in volved in con s t r u ct in g t h e exh ibit an d
m od e l , t h e d e gr e e of n e a t n e s s a n d
craft smanship may also be t aken int o accou nt .
Every ef f ort mus t be mad e t o rule out t he
t e n d e n cy of p rocu rin g t h e re a d y -m a d e
exhibits / mod els .
Gen er a l la you t of t h e exh ibit , r eleva n ce,
clarit y of chart s accompanying t he exhibit and
over a ll a t t r a ct iven es s t o t h e la yma n a n d
ch ildr en s h ou ld a ls o be a s s es s ed. Wor kin g
models s h ou ld be en cou r a ged.
CRITERIA FOR EVALUATION OF EXHIBITS
4 9
Gui de li ne s for St at e Le ve l Sc i e nc e Exhi bi t i ons for Chi ldre n 2 0 1 1 -1 2
S
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:
5 0
Gui de li ne s for St at e Le ve l Sc i e nc e Exhi bi t i ons for Chi ldre n 2 0 1 1 -1 2
Th e Gr a n t -in -Aid pr ovided by t h e NCERT t o
r es pect ive s t a t es / UTs is a c at alyt ic grant for
organ is in g t h e St at e Level Scien ce Exh ibit ion s
a n d Semin a r on Popu la r is a t ion of Scien ce.
St a t es a n d UTs a r e expect ed t o s pen d t h e
a ddit ion a l expen dit u r e, if a n y, fr om t h e s t a t e
fu n ds . Th e fu n ds given t o t h e St a t es / UTs a r e
t o b e u t ilis ed exclu s ively f or meet in g t h e
t ra vel a n d boa rd in g cos t s of pa rt icipa t in g
s tudents and their teachers and experts . It
is s u gges t ed t h a t t h e followin g n or ms of
pa ymen t ma y be followed:
1 . Fo r Org a n i s i n g t h e S e m i n a r o n
Populari s at i on of Sc i e nc e
(i) Th e s emin a r s h ou ld b e or ga n is ed
d u r i n g t h e d a ys of e xh i b i t i on i n
mor n in g/ even in g h ou r s .
(ii) Hon or a r iu m t o four (t wo ou t s t a t ion
a n d t wo loca l) exper t s / s cien t is t s ma y
be dis bu r s ed a t t h e r a t e of Rs 500.00
each.
Not e : Th e exper t / s cien t is t s h ou ld be
p r efer a b ly fr om a r es ea r ch in s t it u t e/
la bor a t or y/ u n iver s it y.
(iii) Tr a vellin g a llowa n ce t o t wo ou t s t a t ion
exper t s / s cien t is t s fr om a ma ximu m
dis t a n ce of 500 km ma y be dis bu r s ed
a s per t h e s t a t e/ cen t r a l gover n men t
ru les .
(iv) Daily allowance and incident al charges
t o t wo ou tstation experts/ scientists for
a ma ximu m of t h r ee d a ys ma y b e
d i s b u r s e d a s p e r s t a t e / c e n t r a l
gover n men t r u les .
(v) Con veya n ce ch a r ges t o t wo loca l
expert s/ scient ist s may be disbu rsed as
per s t at e/ cen t r al gover n men t r u les .
(vi) Con t in gen cy gr a n t for t ea / coffee wit h
ligh t s n a cks : t ypin g/ ph ot ocopyin g/
EXPENDITURE NORMS cos t of t r a n s pa r en cies / t r a n s pa r en cy
pen s / CDs et c: Rs . 2,500.00.
1 . For Organi s i ng t he St at e Le ve l Sc i e nc e
Exhi bi t i ons
(i) Hon or a r iu m t o four (loca l) ju dges ma y
be dis bu r s ed a t t h e r a t e of Rs . 500.00
e a c h . NCERT f a c u l t y m e m be rs
s h o u l d n o t be p ro v i d e d a n y
Ho n o rari u m f ro m t h i s h e ad, i f
i nvi t e d as a judge i n t he e xhi bi t i on.
(ii) On ly on e s t u den t an d on e t each er may
be per mit t ed t o pa r t icipa t e wit h ea ch
exh ibit . However, for mor e t h a n on e
t e a c h e r m a y b e p e r m i t t e d t o
par t icipat e.
(iii) Tr a vellin g a llowa n ce: a ct u a l s econ d
cla s s s leeper r a il/ bu s (n on -AC) fa r e.
(iv) Incident al charges : Rs . 50.00 each way
for ou t wa r d a n d in wa r d jou r n eys
s u bject t o a ma ximu m of Rs . 100.00
provided t he jou rney t ime by rail or bu s
is more t han 6 hou rs . For jou rneys les s
t h a n 6 h ou r s n o in ciden t a l ch a r ges
s h ou ld be pa id.
(v) Boar din g expen s es : Rs .80.00 per h ead
p er d a y for ea ch p a r t icip a n t for a
ma ximu m of 4 da ys . In cas e if t he
boarding facilities are not provided by
t h e orga n is e rs t h e n a s u m of
Rs .120.00 per pers on may be provided
as daily allow ance (DA).
(vi) Loca l con veya n ce ch a r ges ma y b e
d i s b u r s e d a s p e r s t a t e / c e n t r a l
gover n men t r u les .
(vii) c on t i n ge n c y gr a n t for t yp i n g/
ph ot ocopyin g et c. Rs . 2,500/ -
It is n eces s a r y t o mai nt ai n a s e parat e
ac c ount for t h e expen dit u r e of t h e gr a n t s -
in -a id pr ovided by t h e NCERT a n d t h e s a me
s h ou ld be for wa r ded t o t h e NCERT, a lon g
5 1
Gui de li ne s for St at e Le ve l Sc i e nc e Exhi bi t i ons for Chi ldre n 2 0 1 1 -1 2
wit h a ll r eleva n t vou ch er s a n d r eceipt s , in
or igin a l WITHIN ONE MONTH OF THE
CLOS E OF THE EXHIBITION fo r
a dju s t men t in t h e NCERT a ccou n t . Pr ofor ma
I is given for con ven ien ce. All vou ch er s ma y
be s ign ed by t h e Coor din at or / In -ch ar ge of t h e
exh ibit ion . All t h os e vou ch er s / r eceipt s t h a t
a r e in r egion a l la n gu a ge s h ou ld a ccompa n y
wit h a t r a n s la t ed copy in En glis h cer t ified by
t h e Coor din a t or / In -ch a r ge of t h e St a t e Level
Scien ce Exh ib it ion t o fa cilit a t e a u d it a n d
s e t t l e m e n t o f a c c o u n t s . On l y t h o s e
Vou ch er s / Receip t s a ga in s t s u ch it ems of
exp en d it u r e, wh ich a r e cover ed u n d er t h e
exp en d it u r e n or ms , ma y p lea s e b e s en t t o
t h is depa r t men t for a dju s t men t / s et t lemen t
of a ccou n t s . All p a ymen t s exceed in g Rs
5 0 0 0 / - s h ou ld b e s u p p or t ed b y p a yees
r eceipt wit h a r even u e s t a mp.
It ma y p le a s e b e e n s u r e d t h a t e a c h
Vou ch er / Receipt a ga in s t t h e expen dit u r e is
du ly ver ified for t h e a mou n t a n d t h en pa s s ed
for pa ymen t . Th e s pecimen of t h is cer t ifica t e
is in dica t ed below for con ven ien ce:
Verified and pas s ed for pay ment of Rs ........................
(Rupees ........................................................ only ).
Sign a t u r e of t h e Co-or din a t or / In -ch a r ge
STATE LEVEL SCIENCE EXHIBITION
5 2
Gui de li ne s for St at e Le ve l Sc i e nc e Exhi bi t i ons for Chi ldre n 2 0 1 1 -1 2
4 PROFORMAS
STATE LEVEL SCIENCE EXHIBITION FOR CHILDREN - 2 0 1 1 -2 0 1 2
Proforma I
MAINTENANCE OF ACCOUNTS
St a t e/ Un ion Ter r it or y: ________________________________
Da t es of Exh ibit ion : ________________________________
Ven u e of Exh ibit ion : ________________________________
Cer t ified t h a t t h e expen dit u r es h a ve been ma de in a ccor da n ce wit h t h e n or ms a n d Gu idelin es a s
given by t h e NCERT for or ga n is in g t h e St a t e Level Scien ce Exh ibit ion for Ch ildr en . It is a ls o cer t ified
t h a t n o ot h er vou ch er is in clu ded.
Sign a t u r e of t h e In -Ch a r ge (Con t r ollin g Officer )
Officia l Sea l
Receipt Expen dit u r e
Signature of
Coordinating
Officer
Vou ch er
No.
Da t e of
Receipt
Pa r t icu la r s
of Gr a n t
Dr a ft No.
Da t e
Amou n t
Received
Vou ch er
No.
Da t e of
Expen dit u r e
Particulars
(Head-wise)
Amou n t
Spen t
Ot h er
in come, if
any
Tot al
Ba la n ce Refu n ded
t o NCERT, if a n y,
vide
Tot al
Da t e
5 3
Gui de li ne s for St at e Le ve l Sc i e nc e Exhi bi t i ons for Chi ldre n 2 0 1 1 -1 2
* G. Gove rnme nt : A Gover n men t Sch ool is t h a t wh ich is r u n by t h e St a t e Gover n men t or Cen t r a l Gover n men t
or Pu blic Sect or Un der t a kin g or a n Au t on omou s Or ga n is a t ion complet ely fin a n ced by t h e Gover n men t ;
L. B. Loc al Body: A Loca l Body Sch ool is t h a t wh ich is r u n by Pa n ch a ya t i Ra j a n d Loca l Body In s t it u t ion s s u ch
a s Zila Pa r is h a d, Mu n icipa l Cor por a t ion , Mu n icipa l Commit t ee or Ca n t on men t Boa r d;
P. A. Pri vat e Ai de d: A Pr iva t e Aided Sch ool is t h a t wh ich is r u n by a n in dividu a l or a pr iva t e or ga n is a t ion a n d
r eceives gr a n t s fr om t h e Gover n men t or Loca l Body;
P. U. Pri vat e Unai de d: A Pr iva t e Un a id ed Sch ool is t h a t wh ich is ma n a ged b y a n in d ivid u a l or a p r iva t e
or ga n is a t ion a n d does n ot r eceive a n y gr a n t fr om t h e Gover n men t or Loca l Body.
STATE LEVEL SCIENCE EXHIBITIONS FOR CHILDREN - 2 0 1 1 -2 0 1 2
Proforma II
INFORMATION ABOUT PARTICIPATING SCHOOLS
St a t e/ Un ion Ter r it or y: ________________________________
Da t es of Exh ibit ion : ________________________________
Ven u e of Exh ibit ion : ________________________________
Type of
Sch ool*
No. of
Sch ools
Tr iba l/
Ru r a l/
Urban
Nu mber of
Exh ibit s /
Models
Pa r t icipa n t s fr om t h e Sch ool
Ma le Fema le Tot a l Boys Gir ls Tot a l SC/ ST
G
LB
PA
PU
Tot al
T
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Teach er s St u den t s
5 4
Gui de li ne s for St at e Le ve l Sc i e nc e Exhi bi t i ons for Chi ldre n 2 0 1 1 -1 2
S
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5 5
Gui de li ne s for St at e Le ve l Sc i e nc e Exhi bi t i ons for Chi ldre n 2 0 1 1 -1 2
*
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5 6
Gui de li ne s for St at e Le ve l Sc i e nc e Exhi bi t i ons for Chi ldre n 2 0 1 1 -1 2
39 TH JAWAHARLAL NEHRU NATIONAL EXHIBITION FOR SCIENCE AND ENVIRONMENTAL EDUCATION
FOR CHILDREN (JNNESEC) - 201 2
The me : Sc ie nc e , Soc ie t y and Environme nt
Proforma V
INFORMATION ABOUT THE EXHIBIT/ MODEL
1. Tit le of t h e Exh ibit / model ___________________________________
(in block let t er s ) ___________________________________
2. Su b-t h eme:
(Tick on ly on e or s t r ike ou t a ll ot h er s ) Agr icu lt u r e a n d Food Secu r it y/ En er gy
Res ou r ces a n d Con s er va t ion / Hea lt h /
En vir on men t a l Is s u es a n d Con cer n s /
Ma t h ema t ics a n d Ever yda y Life/ Dis a s t er
Ma n a gemen t
3. Na me(s ) of t h e _________________________________ (M/ F)
St u den t (s ) _________________________________ (M/ F)
(in block let t er s ) _________________________________ (M/ F)
_________________________________ (M/ F)
4. Na me(s ) of t h e _________________________________ (M/ F)
Tea ch er (s ) _________________________________ (M/ F)
(in block let t er s )
5. Na me a n d complet e a ddr es s of t h e s ch ool (in block let t er s ) :
..................................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................Pin ...........................
6. Type of s ch ool* Gover n men t / Loca l Body/ Pr iva t e Aided/ Pr iva t e
Un a ided/ An y ot h er (Plea s e Specify)
_____________________ _________________
7. Affilia t ion of t h e Sch ool St a t e Boa r d/ ICSE/ CBSE
An y ot h er (Plea s e Specify) ________________
8. Loca t ion of t h e Sch ool Tr iba l/ Ru r a l/ Ur ba n
9. Na t u r e of t h e Exh ibit / Model In n ovat ive/ Impr ovis ed Appar at u s / Wor kin g/ St at ic
Model/ St u dy Repor t An y Ot h er (Plea s e Specify)
________________
10. Appr oxima t e Cos t of t h e Rs _____________
Exh ibit / Model
11. Requ ir emen t for Dis pla y
(i) Sh a mia n a / Open Spa ce/ Da r k r oom ____________________________
(ii) Ta ble Size Len gt h : _____ m; widt h : ______ m.
(iii) Wa t er Su pply Yes / No
(iv) Nu mber of Elect r ica l Poin t s No.: _____ (5 A); No.: _______ (15 A)
* G. Gove rnme nt : A Gover n men t Sch ool is t h a t wh ich is r u n by t h e St a t e Gover n men t or Cen t r a l Gover n men t or
Pu blic Sect or Un der t a kin g or a n Au t on omou s Or ga n is a t ion complet ely fin a n ced by t h e Gover n men t ;
L. B. Loc al Body: A Loca l Body Sch ool is t h a t wh ich is r u n by Pa n ch a ya t i Ra j a n d Loca l Body In s t it u t ion s s u ch a s
Zila Pa r is h a d, Mu n icipa l Cor por a t ion , Mu n icipa l Commit t ee or Ca n t on men t Boa r d;
P. A. Pri vat e Ai de d: A Pr iva t e Aided Sch ool is t h a t wh ich is r u n by a n in dividu a l or a pr iva t e or ga n is a t ion a n d
r eceives gr a n t s fr om t h e Gover n men t or Loca l Body;
P. U. Pri vat e Unai de d: Pr iva t e Un a ided Sch ool is t h a t wh ich is ma n a ged by a n in dividu a l or a pr iva t e or ga n is a t ion
a n d does n ot r eceive a n y gr a n t fr om t h e Gover n men t or Loca l Body.
5 7
Gui de li ne s for St at e Le ve l Sc i e nc e Exhi bi t i ons for Chi ldre n 2 0 1 1 -1 2
12. Sou r ce of in s pir a t ion / h elp for pr epa r in g t h e exh ibit / model:
(Plea s e expla in br iefly a bou t t h e n a t u r e a n d for m of h elp r eceived fr om t h e followin g):
(i) Fr om Tea ch er s / Sch ool
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
(ii) Fr om Pa r en t s
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
(iii) Fr om Peer Gr ou p
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
(iv) An y ot h er
___________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
13. Br ief Su mma r y (Plea s e expla in t h e pu r pos e a n d t h e s cien t ific pr in ciple in volved in t h e
exh ibit / model in n ot mor e t h a n t h r ee lin es ).
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
14. Wr it e-u p of t h e Exh ibit / Model (not more t han 1 , 0 0 0 words ) i n t he followi ng format . (Not e:
Proper s ubmis s ion of the w rite-up w ill ens ure that if s elected for participation in the 39
h
Jaw aharlal
Nehru National Exhibition for S cience and Environmental Exhibition for Child ren (JNNES EC)
2012, it w ill be cons id ered for publicat ion in t h e booklet ent it led : S t ruct ure and Work ing of
S cience Mod els . For con ven ien ce a n exempla r y wr it e-u p is a ls o given h er e. ):
I. Introduction
(i) Ra t ion a le beh in d con s t r u ct ion of t h e exh ibit ; a n d
(ii) Th e s cien t ific pr in ciple in volved.
II. Des cription
(i) Ma t er ia ls u s ed for t h e con s t r u ct ion ;
(ii) Con s t r u ct ion a n d wor kin g of t h e exh ibit / model; a n d
(iii) Applica t ion s , if a n y.
III. References
Books , jou r n a ls or ma ga zin es r efer r ed for pr epa r a t ion of t h e exh ibit / model.
IV. Illus trations
(i) Bla ck a n d wh it e lin e dia gr a m of t h e model, illu s t r a t in g t h e wor kin g of t h e exh ibit .
(ii) Clos e-u p ph ot ogr a ph s of t h e exh ibit .
Not e : (i) Plea s e n eit h er pin n or pa s t e t h e ph ot ogr a ph s of t h e exh ibit s . En clos e t h em in a s epa r a t e
en velope. Des cr ipt ion of t h e ph ot ogr a ph ma y be wr it t en on it s ba ck.
(ii) Plea s e d o n ot en clos e t h e p h ot ogr a p h s of p a r t icip a t in g s t u d en t (s ) a n d t h eir gu id e
t ea ch er (s ).
(Sign a t u r es of a ll s t u den t s a n d t ea ch er s )
5 8
Gui de li ne s for St at e Le ve l Sc i e nc e Exhi bi t i ons for Chi ldre n 2 0 1 1 -1 2
5 AN EXEMPLARY WRITE-UP OF AN EXHIBIT TOILET MODIFICATION IN INDIAN
TRAINS DISPLAYED IN THE 35 TH JAWAHARLAL NEHRU NATIONAL
SCIENCE EXHIBITION FOR CHILDREN2 0 0 8 (SOLAN)
INTRODUCTION
Wh en it comes t o dis pos a l of h u ma n excr et a a n d ot h er wa s t es t h e cou n t r ys la r ges t pu blic
s ect or u ndert aking, t he Indian Railways , has been groping in t he dark for many years . Unt reat ed
excr et a a n d s ewer a ge a r e dis ch a r ged in t o t h e open , lea vin g r a ilwa y t r a cks a r epu ls ive s igh t .
Mos t of t h e pas s en ger coach es h ave fou r t oilet s , t wo on bot h en ds of each coach . Th e h u man
wa s t e fr om t h es e t oilet s is dir ect ly dis ch a r ged on t o t h e open t r a cks . Un h in der ed du mpin g of
s u ch wa s t e is r es u lt in g in u n h ygien ic con dit ion s t h a t ma y a ls o ca u s e s pr ea d of dis ea s es .
Hu ma n wa s t e, es pecia lly of s ick pa s s en ger s , ma y con t a in a la r ge n u mber of ger ms of ma n y
dis eas es like diarrhoea, cholera, t yphoid, hepat it is , ot her wat er -bor ne dis eas es bes ides paras it ic
infect ions. Parasit es like hookworm, rou ndworm and pinworm are spread mainly t hrou gh hu man
wa s t e t h a t r es u lt s in t h e s pr ea d of commu n ica ble dis ea s es . Th e s eemin gly in n ocen t a ct ion of
t h e r a ilwa ys con t a min a t es t h e en vir on men t a n d pr omot es u n s a n it a r y con dit ion s , n ega t in g t h e
ver y s ma ll s t r ides ma de in s a n it a t ion a n d commu n it y h ea lt h .
Toilet dis charge is anot her major s ou rce of corros ion of rails and fas t enings . Large amou nt of
wat er u sed in t he t oilet s at present needs t o be minimised in or der t o conserve wat er. Wast e wat er
ca n be t r ea t ed a n d r ecycled s o t h a t t h e pr oblems of cor r os ion of t h e t r a cks a s well a s s pr ea d of
dis eas es can be ch ecked.
RATIONALE BEHIND CONSTRUCTION OF THE EXHIBIT
Th is pr oject is a n a t t empt t o s olve t h e pr oblems a r is in g du e t o t h e pr es en t mode of dis pos a l of
h u ma n wa s t e in In dia n t r a in s wit h a ddit ion a l ben efit of r ecyclin g t h e wa t er a ft er pr oper
t reat ment . In t he pres ent model t he wat er u s ed in t he t oilet is filt ered and chemically t reat ed and
r ecir cu lat ed s o t h at wat er u s age can be min imis ed as well as t h e r eleas e of u n t r eat ed wat er in t o
t h e t r a cks ca n be a voided. Aft er s epa r a t in g wa t er t h e h u ma n excr et a is s t or ed s epa r a t ely a n d
ca n be u s ed t o pr odu ce bioga s
SCIENTIFIC PRINCIPLE INVOLVED
Collection: Hu ma n wa s t e flu s h ed fr om t oilet s is collect ed in a t a n k.
Filtration: Filt er s u s ed in t h e pr opos ed s ys t em filt er s wa t er fr om t h e h u ma n wa s t es flu s h ed
fr om t h e t oilet . Th e filt er ed wa t er is collect ed in a s epa r a t e t a n k.
Teacher
Ajit h S.R.
Ken dr iya Vidya la ya
Por t Tr u s t
Kochi
Kerala
St udent s
Sh ameer S. Hameed
Sh a h id S. Ha meed
Nit es h Pr a bh u
Deept h i Mu r a li
5 9
Gui de li ne s for St at e Le ve l Sc i e nc e Exhi bi t i ons for Chi ldre n 2 0 1 1 -1 2
Dis in f e ct ion : Th e filt e r e d wa t e r is t r e a t e d c h e mic a lly u s in g c h lor in e s olu t ion a n d
1per cen t ph en ol.
Recirculation of Water Us ing Sens or Controlled Pump: Th e pu mp a u t oma t ica lly s wit ch es ON t o
pu mp u p wat er t o t h e overh ead t an k. Th is pu mp is au t o con t rolled wit h an IC an d s en s or circu it
and swit ches ON when t he wat er has been t reat ed and swit ches OFF when wat er has been pu mped
u p t o a n over h ea d t a n k.
MATERIALS REQUIRED FOR THE CONSTRUCTION
Plywood, t r a n s pa r en t pla s t ic boxes , t r a n s pa r en t pipes , wa t er pu mp (wa s h in g ma ch in e),
fevibon d, ph en ol, blea ch in g powder, met a l cla mps , s cr ews a n d n a ils , wooden s t a n d a n d
a ct iva t ed ch a r coa l.
CONSTRUCTION AND WORKING
Th e pr es en t wor kin g model con s is t s of t h e followin g ma jor compon en t s in t h e given figu r e.
(i) Toilet a n d over h ea d t a n k;
(ii) Faecal s t or in g t an ks ;
(iii) Chemical t reat ment t ank;
(iv) Pipes for wa t er cir cu la t ion ; a n d
(v) Pu mp wit h s en s or.
Wa t er fr om t h e overh ea d t a n k flu s h es in t o t h e t oilet a ft er u s e a n d t h e h u ma n wa s t e wit h
wa t er get s collect ed in t a n k 1 a ft er pa s s in g t h r ou gh a t u be ben t in U-s h a pe. Th is U-ben t t u be
a lwa ys h olds s ome wa t er wh ich a ct s a s a s ea l (t o pr even t s pr ea d of odou r ). In t a n k 1 t h e h ea vy
ma t t er of t h e excr et a is a llowed t o s et t le. A pipe h a s been a t t a ch ed t o t h is t a n k in or der t o
pr even t a ir blocka ge. Th is t a n k h a s a n ot h er pipe n ea r it s t op t h r ou gh wh ich , wa t er a n d
t h e ligh t weigh t ma t t er over flows t o t a n k 2. Ta n k 2 is con n ect ed t o t a n k 3 t h r ou gh a pipe fixed
n ea r it s ba s e. Wa t er r ea ch in g t a n k 3 ma y con t a in s ome pa r t icles , wh ich ma y s et t le down a ft er
s ome t ime.
Wh en t a n k 3 get s filled u p, wa t er fr om it over flows t o t a n k 4 wh er e it get s filt er ed. Filt er s
remove t iny part icles and t he wat er is t hen t ransferred t o t he t reat ment t ank. Chemical t reat ment
is don e wit h t h e h elp of t wo ch emica ls , 10 per cen t blea ch in g powder s olu t ion a n d 1 per cen t
1 2 3 4
6 0
Gui de li ne s for St at e Le ve l Sc i e nc e Exhi bi t i ons for Chi ldre n 2 0 1 1 -1 2
ph en ol s olu t ion . Bot h ch emica ls a r e kept in t wo s epa r a t e t a n ks , fixed over t h e t r ea t men t t a n k,
a n d a r e con n ect ed t o t h e t r ea t men t t a n k t h r ou gh pipes , wit h va lves t o con t r ol t h e flow of
chemicals .
An a git a t or is pr ovided in t h e t r ea t men t t a n k, for t h e pr oper mixin g of ch emica ls wit h t h e
wa t er. Th e t r ea t ed wa t er is t h en s en t t o t h e a ds or pt ion t a n k wh er e u n wa n t ed ch emica ls get
a ds or bed by a ct iva t ed ch a r coa l. Ch a r coa l r emoves fou l odou r a s well a s ch emica ls s u ch a s
phenol by t he process of adsorpt ion and makes t he wat er clean. The t reat ed wat er is t hen pu mped
in t o t h e overh ea d t a n k wit h t h e h elp of a s en s or -oper a t ed pu mp. Wh en ever t h e wa t er level
r ea ch es a pa r t icu la r level (ma ximu m), t h r ou gh a r ela y s ys t em a n d IC, t h e pu mp get s s wit ch ed
ON a n d wa t er is pu mped t o t h e over h ea d t a n k. Th e s a me pr oces s is r epea t ed a ga in a n d a ga in .
Th e wa t er in t h e over h ea d t a n k is on ly mea n t for u s e in t oilet s for flu s h in g, n ot for wa s h in g
a n d ot h er pu r pos es . For t h is , a n ot h er t a n k h a s t o be pr ovided a dja cen t t o t h e over h ea d t a n k.
Th e s olid compon en t of h u ma n excr et a s t or ed in t h e r et en t ion t a n ks is s u cked ou t by a
mot or when t he t rain reaches t he des t inat ion s t at ion. This can t hen be t rans ferred t o t he diges t er
t a n k of bioga s pla n t wh ich a r e t o be in s t a lled in t h e ya r d n ea r t h e ma in s t a t ion s .
APPLICATIONS
1. Th e pr es en t model en s u r es s afe dis pos al of h u man was t e in r u n n in g t r ain s an d h elps in
min imis in g u s e of wa t er by r ecyclin g it .
2. Th e s u gges t ed s ys t em wou ld a ls o h elp in pr even t in g s pr ea d of dis ea s es ca u s in g ger ms
an d par as it ic in fect ion s .
3. An a er obic fer men t a t ion of h u ma n wa s t e pr odu ces bioga s . Hen ce, t h e bioga s pla n t s et
u p in t h e r a ilwa y ya r ds cou ld meet s ome of t h e en er gy n eeds of t h e r a ilwa y s t a t ion .
4. Th is model en s u r es t h a t r a ilwa y s t a t ion s a n d t r a cks a r e kept clea n bes ides , pr even t in g
cor r os ion of r a ils a n d fa s t en in gs .
5. Th e bioga s pr odu ced ca n min imis e en er gy con s u mpt ion of t h e r a ilwa ys . Bes ides , s lu r r y
ca n be u s ed a s ma n u r e for pla n t s a lon g t h e r a ilwa y lin es a n d a t r a ilwa y s t a t ion s .
REFERENCES
1. ACCIDENTS civilaviat ion .n ic.in / ccrs / acciden t s
2. PIB Pr es s Relea s e: pib.n ic.in / a r ch ive/ lr elen g/ lyr 2003
3. In dian Railways :www.in dian r ailways .gov.in / dept t s / s afet y
4. Depar t men t of Tr an s por t , www.dft .gov.u k/ t r an s por t for you / acces s / r ail/