PHILOSOPHY Third

- derived from the Greek words philos - philosophy is driven by the desire to
(love) and sophia (wisdom)."love for integrate things into a one coherent
wisdom." whole.
- also called as "the mother of all BRANCHES OF PHILOSOPHY
sciences" the earliest philosophers METAPHYSICS
began to study anything and - deals with the nature of reality.
everything. - Study of Existence
- Origin of Philosophy Greece is the EPISTEMOLOGY
birthplace of philosophy in the West. - deals with knowledge and belief.
Thales nature of knowledge, how we
- First philosopher acquire knowledge, and how we can
- Father of Philosophy in Western be certain of what we know.
Civilization. (624-546) - Study of Knowledge
- Lived in Ionian town of miletus LOGIC
(milesan school of philo) - Deals with reasoning and
- Physics argumentation. reason effectively,
- Philosophy (facts & reasons) identify fallacies, and evaluate
- Arche (water) arguments.
- religion ETHICS
First - deals with moral principles and
- philosophy involves the widest values. what is right and wrong,
generalizations (Rand, 1982). The good and bad,how we live our lives.
existence of practically all things. - Study of Action
Second AESTHETICS
- all about fundamentals. root cause - Deals with beauty and taste. how we
that explains almost everything in a can appreciate art, and understand
given context. our emotional responses to art
Study of Art
POLITICAL PHILOSOPHY - lack evidence that supports their
- deals with government and politics. claim
nature of power, the role of the state, TYPES OF FALLACIES
and how we create a just society. Hasty Generalization
- Study of Force - a conclusion based on insufficient or
METHODS OF PHILOSOPHIZING biased evidence, rushing a
DIALECTIC METHOD conclusion without enough evidence.
- is a dialogue between people holding Red Herring
different points of view then arriving - a diversionary tactic that avoids the
at the truth through reasoned key issues Appeal to Emotions
argumentation. Argument From Pity (appeal to emotions)
- modernized by a Philosopher, - an argument used by people who
George Hegel. German want to win people over by
PRAGMATIC METHOD manipulating their emotions. This
- emphasizes the practical application shows
of ideas by testing them in human Argumentum Ad Hominem.
experience. - Attack on the characteristics of a
- Charles Pierce (1839- 1914) William person
James (1842-1910) - John Dewey Argumentum Ad Ignorantiam
(1859-1952) - whatever has not been proved false
ANALYTIC METHOD must be true, or vice versa.
- "The assumption of truth only Argumentum Ad Populum
becomes true after it shall have gone - used by convincing/appeal to people
through validation, experimentation Equivocation
or any scientific approach for that - a logical gain of reasoning/double
matter." meaning
- George Moore, Bertrand Russell, Argumentum Ad Baculum
Ludwig Wittgenstein - scaring people to win an argument
FALLACY Straw Man
- common errors in reasoning - Attacking the hollow point of an
argument