1556 — 00 ap Designation: Standard Test Method for Density and Unit Weight of Soil in Place by the Sand-Cone Method" “This sandal ese sae the ed desenson DE: he sane imme Tiong he oral adoption ain cane of rere ye fa revo. man anise eis eo et epg ‘Sipenrp son () iss a aircon se he tevin oa. 1, Scope # 1.1 “This test method may be use to determine the in-place density and unit weight of sails using 2 sand cone apparatus, 1.2 This test method is applisable for soils without appre siable amounts of rock or coarse materials in exvess uf 14 in {8 min) in diameter. 1.3 This est method may also be used for the determination of the in-place density and unit weight of undisturbed or in sina soils, provided the natural vei or pore openings inthe soil are small encugh t prevent the sd uscd in the tet from enering the voids. The soil or other material being tested should have sufficient cohesion or particle attraction tp maintain sible sides on. small hole or excavation, and be firm enongh to withstand the minor pressures cxerted in digging the hote and placing the apparatus over i, without deforming oF sloughing 1.4 This test msthod is not suitable for organic, saturated, of highly plastic soils that would deform or compress during the excavation of the test hole. This test method may: not be suitahle for soils consisting of unbound gramslar materials that “will not maintain sable sides inthe txt hole, soils caniaining appreciable amounis of coarse material lager than 1 in. (38 rm), and granular soils having high void ratios. 15 When materials to be tested contain appreciable amounts of particles larger than, 1 ‘Ain. G8 mmm), or when test Thole volumes larger than 0.1 > (2830 em') are required, Test ‘Method 1 4914 or 195030 are applicable 16 Te is common practice in te engincering profession to concurrently use pours ta represent both a unit af mass (Ibm) and «unit of force (Ib). This implicitly combines two separate systems of unity, that is, che absolute system amd the gravite tional sysicm. Its scientifically undesirable wo combine the se ‘of two separate sets of inch-pound units within & single standard. This test method has been written using the pravits- tional systern of units when dealing with the inch-pound system, In this system the pound (Ibf) represents a unit offoree (weight), However, the use of alances or sestes wounding ‘pounds of mass (tm), oF the cording of density in Terai? should not be regarded as noncanformance with method ‘ns et method is unde the utc of ASTM Commitee D-I8 om Si stn ik tyme aver RSS of Slsemae IRIM on SEC! nd ‘Caren ei aaoved Mout 1 2010. PUBAGE Ap 200. Cvily ‘bint DTSSG" S6T, Law pcos ton 1936 40 (1980)" “+4 Summary of Changes section appears af the end af thx standard 17 This sundard does nor purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its uss. It ix the raspomstility of the wser of this standard 0 establish appro priate safety and health practices and determine the pplicax Ply of regulary limitations prior to use 2, Referenced Documents 2. ASTM Standards: 1 653 Terminoloyy Relating to Soil, Rock, and Contained Flnids? 1D 698 Test Method for Laboratory Compaction Chaesvter- 1.1587 Test Method for Laboratory Compaction Character- istics of Soil Using Modified Fftort (56,000 (Ib * (2,200 kN) P2216 Test Method for Laboratory Determination of Water (Moislure) Content of Soil and Rock ’ 193584 Practice for Indexing Papers and Reports on Soil ‘and Rock for Engineering Purposes * 13740 Practice for Minimum Requirements for Agencies Hogaged in the Testing andr Taspection of Soil and Rock as Used in Lingineering Design snd Construction 1D 4253. Test Methods for Maximum Index Density and Unit Weight of Soils Using a Vibratory Table? 1DA284 Test Method for Minimum Index Density and Unit Weight of Soils and Calvulation of Relative Density” 1D 4643 Test Method for Determination of Watcr (Moisture) Content of Soil by the Micruwave Oven Mcthod * DATIS Practice for Correction of Unit Weight and Wetor Contunt for Soils Containing Oversize Partiles 7 1.4783 Specification for Evaluating, Selecting, and Speci lying Balances and Scales for Use in Testing Soil, Ruck, and Related Construction Materials ? 1.4914 Test Methods for Density of Soil and Rock in Plave by the Sand Replacement Method in a Test Pit? 4044 “Test. Methad for Field Determination of Water (Moistore) Coment of Soil by the Calcium Carhide Gas Pressure Tester Method * 19 4959 Test Method for Determination of Water (Moisture) Cantenl of Soil by Direct Heating Method * “anal Book of ASTM Saad 88, “Tome: 6 1999 na Bf Standard, Vs 008 “pam mt of SC Sond, WBA COPIA FEL DEL ORIGINAL IMPRESA EN EL CESi1RO DE DOCUMENTACIGR AUTORIZADA POR EL INSTITUTO ARGENTING ‘Oe HORMALIZACION «RAM EN A. PASCUAL JEFE CENTRO HOOUNENTACIONaah D 1556 19 $030 Test Method for Density of Soil and Rock in Place: by the Water Replacement Method in a Test Pit 3. Terminology 3.1 Definitions minalagy D653, 3.2 Definitions of Terms Spucifis 10 This Standard: 32.1 compacted lijl—a layer of compacted sail All definitions are in aceordance with Ter- 4. Summary of Test Method 4.1 Artest hole is hand excavated in the soil to he tested and «ll the smatetial fiom the hoe is saved in a enetainer ‘The hele is filled with froe flowing sand of « known donsity, and the volume is detormined, The in-place wet density of the soll is rfetermined by dividing the wet mass of the removed materi ty the volume of the hole. The water content of the material fom the hole is determined and the day mass of the material ‘and the in-place dry density ure calculated using the wet mass (of the soil, che walcr content, andl the volume of the hole ‘5. Significance and Use 5.1 This test method is used to cetermine the density of compacted soils placed during the consinuction of earth om- bbankinents, road ill, and struciural backfil. 1Loften is used a5 fa hasis of Aecepeance for suis eompucced to a specified density tor percentage of a maximum density determined by a test ‘method. such as Test Methuds 19 698 or 1D 1557. 53.2, This test mthod can be used to determine the in-place: density of nararal soil deposits, aggregates, soil mixtures, or ‘cher Similar matcrial 5.3. The use ofthis tes msthod is generally limited to soil in ‘an unsaturated condition, This les! method is not recommended ‘or soils that are sol or Irable (crmbleeasiiy) or ina moisture condition such that water seep into the hand excavated hole Thc accuracy of the test may be affected for suis that deform casily or that may undergo a volume change im the excavated Tole from vibration, ae from standing or walking neu the hole ering the lest (see Nave 1). ‘Nave When tesing in sof conditions or i sls near saturation, lume changes may qevur in he excavated Role sha result of surface loading. personel pong the tot, ant the lie. This can sometimes te avoided by the use ofa platform thats supported sine disanes fiom ‘De hole. As it isnot alvaye possible to detect when a volume change has laken pace. fest resol shod always be compared to the Mencia! satura desis oe the ori ais ine on he dey density ersns water ‘content rot Any in-place density rst on commuted sels tat elealates lr be more than 8S #e sararon i suspect und an eroe Tas probably ‘Suma Me volun ofthe hole hes chan ding fest Dane 2. Netwithetanding. tho statements om precisa ia cae sine ths et to, te procs ofthe et mad depo O” the compatence cf the pesonesl pornemyng and the xisiy ofthe Csupnent and filles ued, Agere that men the erterzuf rvetioe DTH) are generally consiowed sapble oF competent and cbjective testing, Users of this nt meds eam Practice 13740 does mit in al crane Aspens on many fats Paste D 3780 poe rst of eva some of ese far. 6. Apparatus 6.1. Sand Cane Density Apparatus , consisting of the follow= 6.1.1 An attachable jar or other sand containor having. a volume capacity in excies of tha raquired to fill dhe text hole and apparatus during the test. 6.12 A detachable appliance consisting of a cylindrical valve with an orlice approximately an, (13 mm) in diameter, attached to 2 metal funnel and sand container on one end, and 4 large metal nel (sand cone) on the other end. The valve will have stops to prevent mtating past the completely open oF completly closed positions. The appliance will be constructed fof metal sullicienlly gid to prevent distortion or volume changes in the cone, The walls af the cone will form an angle of approximately 60 with the hace to allow unifirm fling with sand, 6.13 A meal base place or template with # Mangeel center hole ets! oF machined th receive the large Tunnel (cone) ofthe applignoe described in 6.1.2. The base plaie may he round or square and will bea minim of 3 in, (5 man) larger than the fiannel (sund-cone). The plats will Be fat on the hoitom and have sufficient thickness oF stiffiacss to be rigid, Plates with raised exiges, ridges, ribs, or other stress of approximately 0 1 in, (M0 to 13 mam) high may be used 6.14 The mass af the sand required (o fil the apparatus and base plate will he determined in aceundance with the instruc- tions it Annex AT prior tus. (8.1.5 The demails for che apparatus shown in Fig. 1 repre= sents the minimum acceptable dimensions suitable for testing pe | sec g e 7 ROE ae ae vad soy bsoed Yer é FIG, 1 Donsity Apparatushb D 1556 suils having maximum particle sives of appmoximately 1 Us (G8 mm) and test hole volumes af approximately 0.1 # ? (2830 cmm®), When the material being tasted eomeains « small amount of oversize and isolate! later particles are encountered, the fest should he moved 9 ¢ now location. Larger apparatus smd test hole volumes are needed when particles layer than 1 in (G8 mm) are prevalent: The appararus described here represents a design that has proven satisfactory, Larger apparatus, or vihct designs of similar propostions may be used as long asthe basic principles of the sand volume determination ate observed. When test hole volumes larger than 0.1 fi" (5660) em) ate ‘requited Test Method 1D 4914 showid be wtitize, 62 Sand —Sand must bo clean, dry, uniform in density andl agriding, uncemented, dueatlc, and liee-fowing. Any gradation nay be usec tha has a uniformity cocticient ( C, ~ Duy/Diq) less than 20, 4 maximum particle size smaller than 2.0 mmm (No. 10 sieve), and less than 3% By weight passing 250 jm (No, 60 sieve). Uniforinly geadad sand is needed to. prevent segregation during handling, storage, and use. Sand fee of fines und fine sand panicles is required to prevent significant bulkedensiry changes with nommal daily changes in atmo- spherie humidity. Sand comprised of durable, natural sub- founded, or rounded pasicles is desirable. Crished aad oF sand having angular particles may not he fiee-fowing, & condition that ean eause bridging resulting in inaccurate density determinations (sce Note), In scleeting « san from 3 Potenital source, a gradation and bulk-density determinations n aecordance with the procedure in Annex A2 should be nade fn each container or bag of vand. ty bx wn acceptable sa, the bhulk- density vasiation between any one dotermingtion shall not be greater than 1% of the average, Before using sand in density determinations, it shall be cried. thon atlowed to reach ‘an air-dried state im the general location where it sto he used {300 Note 4), Sand shall not be re-used without removing any contaminating soil, checking the gradation, drying and rece fermining the hulk-density (See Note 5), Bull-density tests of the sand will be mack at time intervals not exceeding 14 days, always alier any significant changes in almospherie humidity, Before reusing, and before use of 4 new hatch from 4 previously approved supplier (sec Nowe 6) ‘om 4. Some manufictnred (enshed) sine ssh a8 Blating ond ave heen secessfilly used wath good repre. Ths cpreaciity cof les sus using angular eand should bo checked nade biernong ‘ntoed testis snationshetore selecting an angular saa er ase, ‘Nore 4=Many organizations have: uid thee resumen ‘oie resistant conminer. San shuld be sted indy eas prostod ‘rom wontor, The ue ofa ged lb ureter Rea urs n o ale fo the storys containers hs also bee found 9 Be beneficial in aren igh bam Noe SAS a wencral rule, eelaining sand aller testing is not sinble Nowe 6 Most sands have a tendeney to abst moistre Fon the stimesphere. A vety small amounl af abort moisture ca make = stantial change in bll-deasity In atas of high hunt, where the humidity changes free the hulk dey ay geo he dterned rove uflem thn the 14 iy musiminninerval tndate, The hod Tor ameve frequen! checks ca be determinal by somparing the recalls oF ilerent fl Jeity tests un the sone sand mad inthe sams conisons OF se ave 3 pero OF fe 63 Balances or Seales—Meeting Specification 14753, with $.0 g oadabiy, or bewer, w desermine the mass of sand and excavated soils. A balance or seale having a minimum capacity of 20 kg and 5.0-g eeadabilicy i suitable lor deter. mining the mass af the sand and the excavated soil when apparatus with the dimensions shown in Fig. 1 is used. 6.4 Drying Equvipment- Pauipment corresponding (0 the ‘method used for determining water content as specified in Test Methods 1 2216, 114643, 14959, oF 1 4944 65 Miscellaneins Equipment —Krife, small pick, chisel, small towel, serewdriver, oF spoons for dizging test holes, large nails or spikes for securing the hase plate; buckets with Jigs, plastic-lined cloth sacks, oF other suilable containers for retaining the density samples, moisture simple, ant density sand respectively; small paint brush, ealcululor, notebook or lest forms, ete 7. Procedure 71 Sclect a tocation‘elevation thal is representative of the area to be tested, and determine the density ofthe soil in-place as hallows: 7.1.1 Inspect the cone apparatus for damage, free rotation af the valve, and properly matched faseplate. ill the cone container with conditioned sind for which the hulk-dksity has ‘been determined in accordance with Annex A2, and determine the tal mass, 7.1.2 Prepare the surluce ofthe location to be tested so that itis a level plane. The hase plate may be used wy a to! for suiking off the surfice to a smooth level plane 7.1.3 Scat the base plate un the plane surface, making sure ‘there is contact with the ground surface around the edge of the ‘anged center hole. Maric the outline othe baseplate to check for movement during the tel, and if weeded. secure the plate ‘against movement using nails pushad into the soil udjacere ts the edge of the plate, or by ather means, without disturbing the sell t0 be tested. 7.1.4 In soils where leveling is not successful, or surface voids remain, the volume horizenrally haunted by the funnel, plate and ground surlace must be detcrmiined by a preliminary lest Fill the space with sand from the apna, deterinine the must of sand used to fill che space, refil ihe apparatus, and determine a new initial mass of apparates and sand telore Droceoding withthe test. er this meusurement is completed, carefully brush the sand from the prepared surface (see Nols 0. Now 7. seuond calibrated apparatus may’ be laken to the Gell when lis condition is anticpoed (intsad wf refling snd ratings coed Aeteinaion), The procedure in 7-4 ry he nel fr each est when the Deal posible accumy is died. however, wully nor needed fr ‘st product esting where catvely smooth warice ie sbisinahe 7.1.5 The test hole volume will depend on the anticipated ‘maximum particle size in the wil to he tested. Test hole Volumes are 1o be as lanze as practical to minimize the errora ang shall not be less than the volumes indicated in Table 1A hole depth should be selected shat will provide a representative sample of the soil. For consiction control, the depth of the hole shonle! approximate the thickness of one. or more, ‘compacted lifts), The procedure for ealihmng the sand most reilet this hale depth, See Annes A2 7.1.6 Dix the test hole throvgh the center ole ia the baseib p 1556 ‘TABLE 4 Minimum Test Hole Volumes Based on Maximum Size Of Included Particle Mina BaP Veg oni = * (an 1s Ba esa 25 cars hs ies baw nt plate, being careful t9 avoid disturbing or deforming the soll ‘hut will hosind ehe hole. The sides of the hole should slope slighlly inant and the bertom should be reasonably flat or jooncave, The hole should be keptas tree ws ussible of packets, ‘overhangs, and shar abirusions since these affect the accuracy fof the taxt Soils that are essentially granular require extreme ‘care and may requite digging onieal-shaped tase hale. Place all excavated scl, and any soil louscred dueing digging, in a moisture tight container thal 1s marked 1 identify the test number Take cate to avoid losing any materials. Potect this ‘material from any loss oF moisture until the mass has been fterminad and a specimen has heen obtained for a water content determination 7.1.7 Clean the ange of uke hase plate hole, invert the sand-cone apparatus and scat the sand-cone funnel into the anged hole at the same position as marked during calibration (Gee Annex Al), Eliminate ur minimize vibations in the test area dae tn personnel er oguiprient, Open the valve and allow the sand 10 fll che hole, (unnel, and fase pla. Take care 10 avoid jarring er vibrating the apparatus while the sand is running. When the send slops lowing, close the valve 7.1.8 Determine the mass of the apparans with the remain- ing sand, rogord, and culculate the mass of sand wsed. 71.9 Determine sna record ihe mass of ube moist material ‘hat was removed! (ror the fes hole. When oversized material cometions are required, determine the mass of the oversized ‘material on the appropriate sieve and record, taking care (0 lavuid moisture losses. When required, make uporoprite eor- rwelions forthe oversized material using Practice D 4714, 7.1.40 Mix the materal thoroughly, and either obiain a rupreseniaive specimen for watcr vanient determination, ar aise the entie sample, 7.1.11 Determine the water conten in accordance with Test Method D 2216, D 4613, D494, or 14959. Comelations to Test Method D 2216 will be performed when required by other test methods, 7.2 Watcr content specimens must he large enough and selected in such « way thal they eeprecent all the materi obtained from the let Role. The minimum mass of the water fgonten! specimens is that required © provide water conten, valucs aucurate Wo 1.0% 8. Calculation 8.1. Calewlations shown sre for mass in grams and volumes in cubic centimetes, Other units are permissible provided the appropriate conversion factors arc uso io maintain consistency ‘oF units throughout the calculaions. See 1.6 for adcitional ‘comments on the usige of inch-pounel units X2 Caleulate the volume of the les! hole as Follows iM, My 0 volume of the tet hole, em nase ofthe sand used to fil the text hoe, anne! and hase plat, g (rom 7.1.8), M,. = mass of the sand used w fil (he Fnel and hase plate (from Annex AL2.26), g, and 6, _ > bulk density of the sand (lnm A23.5), fem * ‘83 Caleulatethe dey mass of matril removed from the tet hole a follows M,~ 100 Moe + 100) » where: we Water content of the material removed from lest hale, %, (fom 7.1.11), AM, — moist mass of the material fiom test hole, g (Fram 7.1), and Mg dry mass oF material fiom test hole, g, or multiply by (0.002205 for ib 84 Calculate the in-place wet and dry density of the material tested 26 Fallon Pe MF 8 = WP lume of the test hole, em * Gum 8.7), (My muiot aes ofthe matorial fom the tes leg (Fo 719), (My = Gry mass ofthe material from the 1s Hoe g (from 83), by = wel density ofthe tested materiel giem 7 or its wet unit weight, in Ib whore, = py, 624%, and diy daniey of tho tsted materia, em > oF Is Ary ule weigh, gin Ib where yy ~ Pa X 62.43 5 Ke may be desired 19 expres the ineplace density a8 a percentaze of some uber density, for example, the laboratory densities detominel in accordance with Test Method D 698, 1D 1557, D 4053, or 4254. this elation canbe determined hy dividing he iplase density by the laboratory density and rulipiying by 100, Calculations for deienmining relative density are provided in Yes Method D 4254, Corrections for ‘oversize material, if required, should he performed in accor danse with Practice D 4718. Pe 9. Report 9.1 Report, 28 9 minimum, the following information: 8.1.1 Test location, elevation, thickness of layer teste, oF ther pertinent daa to loeate or identity the tes. 9.1.2 Test hole volume, em "or 9.13 Ineplace wet density, glcm > or tit 9114 Invplace dry density. 9. 2m’ 9.1.5 Inplce dry unit weight, ENim § (pg X 9.807), or if? (9, £ GAB), expressed to the nearest 0.1 KNin oF LO Tor lit 9.16 In place water content of the soil expressed as percentage of ery mass, andthe lest method used. 9.1.7 Test epperatas identity and calibrated volume SLL Bulk dewsity of the sand used, glem 4, ur Ib? 9.1.9 Visual desorption oF the so or material designationip D156 9.1.10 Mass und pereeniaye of oversized particles and the size sieve usec, if performed, 9.1.11 Comments on the les, as applicable 8.1.12 Ifthe in-place dey density ar unit weight is expressed asa porcontage of another value, include the following: 8.1.12.1 The laboratory test method uses 9.1122 The comparative dry density oF unit weight value and water cantent used, 9.1123 Consetion for oversized material and details, if applicable 9.1124 The comparative percentage of the in-place male> tial to the eamparison value. 9.13 TF the in place density, unit weight, or water contend ate ta be ased for acceptance, inchide the acceptance criteria applicable to the test 10. Precision and Bias 10.1 Natement of Precision —Duc to the nature ofthe soil or sock materials tested by the method itis either not feasible or ‘too costly a this time to pradince multiple specimens thal have uniform physical properties. Any variation ohgerved ithe dt is just as Tikely t9 he dve w specimen vasiation as 4 operator or laboratory testing variation. Sub comes proposals that wauld allow for development of a valid precision statement 10.2 Statement of Biss There is no accepted reference value for this test method, therefore, bias cannot be deter vines 10.3 While mo formal round-robin testing has boon com pleted, iti estimated by Subcommittee D1 08 from available dls tha the resus of vo properly condted tects performed by a skilled operator on th same material aa given time and loxation should noc differ by more than approximately 2 Ih. * G2 ky’) Tests performed by unskilled operators on the same material would be expected to yield substantially greater Uhlerences M1, Keywords LLL The following keywords are applicable ta this test rmthod in accordance with Practice 1) 3584: acceplance lsis; ‘compaction tess: depree of compaction: density tests; earth ‘embankments; field control density; fcld recs; inplace density, inplace dry density; i site density; relative density; sand cone; sil compaction; soil ests, unit weight, ANNEXES (Mandatory Informal Al. CALIBRATION OF SAND CONF. APPARATUS ALL Scope [Al.LL1 This annsx daseribes the prcedute for determining 1 of sand canine in he funnel and base plate of the sand-cone apparatus A112 The mass of sand contained in the apparatus and hase plate is depenikmnt on the bulk-density of the sand Consequently, this procedure must be perlarmed for cach apparamas whenever there are changes in the send bulk- densities, AL2 Calibration Procedure A121 Calibration ofthe apparatus can be accomplished by either of eo methexds L211 Method 4 —By determining the mass of calibrated sand that can be cnnvained in exch funnel and Base plate set, or M212 Mohd Ro By detennining the volume af sand rcoded to fll ach funnel and base plate et vnd applying this volume constant whenever new san! bulk-densities ane ealeur laced. AL2.13 Since the mass of sand conlained in the apparatus fannel and hace plate is dependent on the bulk density of the sand, if Method A is used, i aust be repeated whenever the Dulk'density of she sand changes, AL22 All determinations of mass are to be Maus (@ the nearest 5 a, ALI3. Method A: AL23.1 ill the apparatas with sand that i dried and conditioned to the same slate sntiipated during une in testing. als sil A233 Place the hse pluls on « eksn, level, plans surface. Inver the contaivevapperatis ud seit the Tunnel in the flanged center hole in he pase pate. Mark and aden the paras and hase plate so tha the same appara and pte can he matched and reseater inthe samme posi during texting. AL234 Open the valve fully unit the san ow sips, raking sare the appara, hase plate, cr plane surface ae not jarred or vibrated before the val is elosed. A235 Close the vale sharply, remove the apparans and dstermine the muse of the apparais and remaining, sand Calculate dhe mass ef Sand used 1 fil the funnel and bsse pace ss the dllermce between the nial and fia mass. 1.236 Repeal the procedure & minimum of thre times. ‘The maximum variation hetween any one determina and the average will nol exoved 1%, Use the averuge ofthe thes determinations for this value i the test calculations A124 Method B (Optional) AL24 1 When large numbers of teats and hatches of sand are anvcipatd, it may be advantageous to determine the ‘volume of each apparatus and hase plate. Haring damage tothe apparatus or mismatching of tbe base plates, this votume will remain constant, and will eliminate the need to repeat Method Ahem the sand hulk density changes (See Note AT). I this tematve is chosen, the caloulations in tho Feld tet ant be lured to determine the total volume of the sin the ikl es 3.2. Determine the mass of the apparatus filled with4h D 1556 hole and apparatus, The volume of the apparatus is then subtracted to determine the volume of the test hole ‘AL.24.2 Determine the mass of sand required to fill the uuppuratuy funnel and base plate in accordance with AL.23, Following eps AL23.1-A1.23.6 for cach batch of sand. 1.2.43 Calvulate the volume of the funnc] and base plate by dividing the bulk-density of the send (as determined in Annex A2) by the mass of sand found in A1.2.3.6. Perform 9 ‘minimum of three determinations and calculate an average value. ‘The maximum volume variation between any one termination and the average will not exceed 1%. Use the average of he value when performing tet ealeulations [Neve A1.1-Thesand-oone appara shuld be outnaly inspected for damage tha may alloc the voles of the Gone. Bigs uaF mamd. oF tether lange wil aot hs wale dw fo the vane (I cepa) revesofe a velelcrivetion 2. CALIBRATION OF DENSITY SAND. ALA Scope A2.1.1. This annex is used for dotermining the hulk-density (calibration) of the sand for use in this tase mathod. ‘A2.L.2 The calibration determines an average density of the snd for usc in calculating the volume of the tet hol. A22 Vquipment Required A221 Container-—Sclect & container of known volume thal is approximately the same saz and allows the sand to fall spproximally th same distance asthe hale excavated daring ‘efile. The 130-N (4am) and 1713.33 42 (2124 em’) ‘molds specified in Test Methods D 698, or the 0.1-% * (2830 em’) mld speciied im Test Method D 4253 are recommended. Alerativey, cast duplicates of actual test holes may be used. This is accomplished by forming pase of paris negatives in seiual west holes over « range of test volumes, and sing these as forms for portland coment concrete castings. These should be east against a Ht plane surfacs, and aftr the remaval ef the negative, sealed waler fight and the volume desmined in accoance with the procedure in Test Method D 4283 (1022) ADZI Determine the eomisiner volume (a 12 using water in aevonlanee- with dhe procedures described in Tes Method 13 4255 A222 SurhCone dpparatis —Use sand cone upparas ofthe same size and design 36 will be used during field testing ‘A222. Flow characterise through diferent valve as vemblics hove been shown t caure eliferent bulkedorsly valucs. Bulk-densiy determinations wil he required for each apparatus sot unless other assemblies are determined to provide the same rests. ‘A223 Ralance ar Soale balance or scale hoving a sulioionl capacity to determine the maas of the calibeation ‘eoniainer filed with sand. For 0.300 fe * (14 200 em") contain es, bullae having a minirmum capacity of $0 Ih (20 kg) and meeting the raquirerienis uf Speciication D 4753 for O01-Tb (5-a) readability is equi A22A Mal Sraighdge, about 2 in. (50 om) wide, ot feast in. (3 mm) thick, and Tenth epproximately 13 times the iumetcr of the calibration container A23 Rull-Density Determination ‘A23.1 Fill he assembled apparatus with sand, The sand is to he dried and conditioned to the same state anticipated daring ‘A232 Delermine and record the mass of the calibration container when cmap. ARAN Method 4 (Preferred) A23.3.1 When the calibration container has che same diam- cter as the flanged center hole in the hase plate, invert and center the sand filed apparanat and hase plate on the calla tion container. |A2.3.5.2 Lully open the valve and allow the Send Io fill Ihe container. When the sand flow stops, close the valve, A2.333 Determine the mass of che apparanis and remain. ing sand. Caleulate the net mast of sand in the ealiheatinn ccontaincr hy subtracting the mass of sand coneained inthe cone and base plate (as determined in Annex A1) and record, AQ34 Method B (Alternative) A23.4.1 Invert and support the apparanis over the calibr- tion container so that the sand falls approximately she same sistance and location as infield test, an! fully ope the valve, 2.3.4.2 Vill the contsiner und it just overflows and close the valve. Using « minimum number of strokes and taking care ‘ol In jar or densily the sand, carefully trike olf excess sand to a emooth level surface. Any vibration or jarting during the fhulk-density determination will result in soiling. and density ing the sand, leading to erroneous resuls. ‘423.43 Clean any sand from the outside of the calibration container Determine the mass of the container and sand Record the not mass ofthe sand by mubtracting the mans of the crmply cuntsiner A235 Perform at least three hulk-lensity determinations and calculate the average. ‘The maximum variation hetween any one determination and the average will not excood | % Ropealod determinations nel mesting thove requirements indi tales nonuniform sand density, and the sand source should be re-evaluated lor sullability. The average value obtained isto be usd in the test calculations. A2A Caleulation A24,1 Calculate the bulk-demsity ofthe sand as follows: ni won here pL = bulkedensity of the sand, gem *, (multiply by 9.807 far KINin', oF 62.43 for TB), MM, = sass of the sand to fill the calibration container, (irom A23.43), and ¥, = volume of the calibration container. em? (from A22.1).fh D 1556 SUMMARY OF CHANG! | accordance with Commitee D 18 policy his scetian identities the leatine of changes o this standard since the last edition (60 (1996) °") that may’ impact ihe use ofthis standard. (2) Revised Section 2 to include Practice D 3741 (#) Revised Sections 6 und 7 by renumbering nates (2) Revised Section 3 to inchule definition for “compacted (5) Added 7.1.5 tw define test hale dimensions art dclewed & Itt” sentgnnt fiom 7.1.6. (3) Revised Section 5 to inchide Note 2 referencing Practice s on (6) Added Summary of Changes ine Aoercan Soc fr sie ad Waters tse oon rape fhe vy ofan opal esata acon en any tr are i ths isda Users of ts lara are sees vend te tae of oN a Pron rs. anc th river! such rps ae ar) tar own tooo mi stat subj trv lay tne by 2a esi snc ons and must Be reviewed ery fue ye vet foatenses ee ragprovc whraun, Your conan! ars rt ie ono haste or aes andar, ne stout i auitssen fo ATH oacuaner. Yur comnts wi rctve cl conadeatan os nalapet Petco ‘Ths stand i conrighted by AM, 100 Bar Haro es, FO Box C70, Mt nSPOPOEKEN. PAYA. 2859, Und Ste Leann opie (eg a map copie) of Pa std tay be sae Oy cele AS ot Oe ao SONEES ok 6132 99 ghee BIKE SEE a) arnanntenin og [emai Huth a ASTIN nue Gomecteicay