aot Fame ew CU t ’ Harappan civilization is also k... (0 Copytext +) Listen & Translate SS © MM Scher cee 1 OREO @ Indus civilization, also called Indus valley civilization or Harappan civilization, the earliest known urban culture of the Indian subcontinent. The nuclear dates of the civilization appear to be about 2500-1700 bce, though the southern sites may have lasted later into the 2nd millennium bce. WY https://www.britannica.com > topic Indus civilization | History, Location, Map, Artifacts, Language, & Facts @ About featured snippets 4 Feedback Are these results useful? Yes No3.6 History of Technology in India 3.5.1 Agriculture 3.5.2 Early Craft Techniques 3.5.3 Textiles 3.5.4 Paper and Writing 3.5.5 Water Management System. 3.5.6 Metallurgy 3.5.7 Constructions .6.1 Agriculture + Barley and wheat cultivation—along with the rearing of cattle, sheep and goat—was visible in Mehrgarh by 8000-6000 BCE. .6.2 Early Craft Techniques + Early humans developed technologies such as stone-working, agriculture, animal husbandry, pottery, metallurgy, textile manufacture, wood-carving, sailing, and so on with little science to back them up. 1.6.3 Textiles For about 3,000 years from 1500 BC to 1500 AD, India had the monopoly in manufacturing cotton textiles. + India has a rich regional textile tradition. + That can be traced as far back as the Indus Valley Civilization. Records of ancient Indian textile traditions exist mostly in literature and in sculptures, .6.4 Paper and Writing In India, the available writing materials were generally of two types: hard and soft. Stone, metal, shells and earthenware were the examples of hard material, + Engraving, embossing, painting and scratching were used for writing .6.5 Water Management System. + The Harappan civilization epitomizes the level of development of water sciences in ancient India that includes construction of sophisticated hydraulic structures, wastewater disposal systems based on centralized and decentralized concepts, and methods for wastewater treatment. S. B. JAIN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, aN MANAGEMENT AND RESEARCH, NAGPUR y MNU, Nagpur) (An Autonomous Institute, Affiliated 1 Jain => FIRST YEAR ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT Professionals” “Emerge axa leading Institute for developing competent and creati .6.6 Metallurgy “The first form of crucible steel was wootz, developed in India some time around 300 BCE. (In its production the iron was mixed with glass and then slowly heated and then cooled. As the mixture cooled the glass would bond to impurities in the steel and then float to the surface, leaving the steel considerably purer.) + Glazed potteries and bronze and copper artefacts (an object that is made by a person) discovered in the Indus Valley excavations indicate a highly developed metallurgy. + By the first century AD, mass production of metals such as iron, copper, silver, and gold, as well as alloys such as brass and bronze, was underway. The iron pillar in the Qutub Minar complex demonstrates the high quality of alloying that took place. Dyeing textiles was popular. The quality of colour is reflected in the Ajanta frescoes. These paintings have survived to the present day. ° }.6.7 Constructions + India has been a pioneer in the field of architecture since the Indus Valley Civilization. The Indus urban system serves as an inspiration for modern cities + Buildings, pillars, cave construction, and chaitya construction were examples of advanced architecture in India during the Mahajanapada and Maurya periods. Temples were advanced in ancient India. The Kailashnath temple, built on a hillside, is a marvel of engineering,S. B. JAIN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, MANAGEMENT AND RESEARCH, NAGPUR FIRST YEAR ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT “emerge as a eating Institute for developing competent and creative Professionals” Unit I Indian Science and Technology Content: 3.1 History of Science in Indi 3.2 India’s contributions to the world of science, 3.3 Developments in astronomy, 3.4 Developments in mathematics 3.5 Developments in chemistry 3.6 History of Technology in India 3.6.1 Agriculture 3.6.2 Early Craft Techniques 3.6.3 Textiles 3.6.4 Paper and Writing 3.6.5 Water Management System. 3.6.6 Metallurgy 3.6.7 Constructions 3.1 History of Science in India: + Science and mathematics were highly developed in India during the ancient period. * Baudhayan, Aryabhatta, Brahmgupta, Bhaskaracharya, and Mahaviracharya were some famous ancient Indian mathematicians. + Kanad, Varahamihica, and Nagarjuna were some well-known scientists. “Medical science was also advanced in ancient India. * Ganita is the general name for mathematics, which includes Arithmet Astronomy, and Astrology. ¢ Arithmetic is known by several names, including Pattin Ganita (board calculations) and Anka Ganita (calculations with numerals). + Geometry is known as Rekha Ganita (line works), and Algebra and Astrology are all included in the term Jyotis India has « long history of science and technology. Geometry, Algebra, Bija Ganita (seed analysis), Astronomy, ‘a 3.2 India’s contributions to the world of science Mea of Zero Decimal System Numerical Notations Binary Numbers Chakravala Method of Algorithms Ruler Measurements auewye S. B. JAIN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, MANAGEMENT AND RESEARCH, NAGPUR FIRST YEAR ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT. “Fimerge as « leading Institute for developing competent and creative Professionals” 7. Ayurveda 1. Idea of Zero @ Aryabhata, a mathematician, was the first to create a symbol for zero, and it was through his efforts that mathematical operations such as addition and subtraction began to use the digit zero. % The concept of zero and its incorporation into the place-valne system also allowed for the writing of numbers of any size using only ten symbols 2. Decimal System 4 India invented the decimal system, which uses ten symbols to represent all numbers. + In this system, each symbol was assigned a positional value as well as an absolute value. % This system made the use of arithmetic in practical inventions much faster and easier due to the simplicity of the decimal notation, which facilitated calculation. 3. Numerical Notations + India developed a system of different symbols for each number from one to nine as early as 500 BCE. The Arabs, who called it the hind numerals, adopted this notation system, Centuries later, the western world adopted this notation system, dubbed Arabic numerals because it arrived via Arab traders. 4, Binary Numbers % The basic language in which computer programs are written is binary numbers, Binary is essentially a set of two numbers, | and 0, the combinations of which are known as bits and bytes. % Pingala, a Vedic scholar, first described the binary number system in his book Chandahsastra. 5. Chakrayala Method of Algorithms % The chakravala method is a cyclic algorithm for solving indeterminate quadratic equations such as Pell's ‘equation.KW Pome as ort lO YY Which Mathematician invente... (0 Copytext +) Listen & Translate Net © ME Conc ae @ Who invented zero brahmagupta or aryabhatta? Brahmagupta, an astronomer and mathematician from India used zero in mathematical operations like addition and subtraction. Aryabhatta introduced zero in 5th century and Brahmagupta introduced zero in calculations in around 628 BC. Therefore, it can be said that Aryabhatta invented Zero. 10-Jul-2023 EB https://www.geeksforgeeks.org > w... Who Invented Zero? - Explanation and FAQs - GeeksforGeeks Are these results useful? Yes No x ae an ee kel. teCw Piva abet Cel es X @ testbook.com a 7 H NTPC CBT 2 2016 Previous Paper 4 (Held On: 18 Jan 2017 Shift 1) %& Download PDF Attempt in App View all RRB NTPC Papers > Yujurved Rigved Samaved Atharvaved Answer (Detailed Solut ' Option 4 : Atharvaved © | Download Free UP Lekhpal App | Continue in AppEY eed ee UL Y Ganita is the general name fo... (0 Copytext +) Listen & Translate mista ite | Qo aftaeattad aaa. | @ ol U RCW https://edurev.in >» Nitin-Singhania-... Nitin Singhania: Summary of Science and Technology Through The Ages MATHEMATICS (i) Also called Ganita & includes: - Arithmetic (Pattin Ganita/Anka Ganita) - Algebra (Bija ganita) - Geometry (Rekha Ganita)... People also ask Is geometry part of general mathematics? ne Taree mil iate mare lama v geometry called? What is mathematics in general? M4 What is Pattin Ganita also known ¥ Eiov4 Are these results useful? Yes Noya ec eI Y Who among the following is/a... (0 Copytext +) Listen & Translate Sst © MECC a RCs ae 0) There are too many Scientists who were famous in ancient India. Some most populous scientists were Varahamihira, Kanad, and Nagarjuna. Apart from this, some most populous ancient Indian Mathematicians were Bhaskaracharya, Aryabhatta, Brahmgupta. Ef https://unacademy.com > bank-exam Ancient Indian Scientists - een Awareness Study Material @ About featured snippets Feedback People also ask va ome eee Are these results useful? Yes NoTaN a Pa an aCe es X Ayclassace.io a 7 Answers © &1 Answers c © Land1. Itis important to have a good _ ____ to be successful in your career. (a) Appearance _— (b) Attendance (c) Attitude (d) Respect Answer: (c) Attitude 2. It is important to be at work.. .. every day and on time unless you are sick or have a POPAREDSTS 92s Allowance Hike from July, 2023 Approval family emergency. (a) Appearance _— (b) Attendance (c) Attitude (d) Respect My Sorermant Dla Deli t OA Answer: (b) Attendance aa FUN for 3. Strong ... soesnesneeeeeenees . means you have a high ¢ sense of moral and ¢ Fae Lee) DAD ond mere demande ethical behavior that earns respect of Confederations escalating phased guar neiding ga lyon others. (a) Cooperation (b) Confidence : ree eee (c) Attitude — (d) Character Foes Pemcticnr i nseeeSS- Reg Answer: (d) Character A vcesssssssssteseseessseceeseeseessnsss -isessential 7 at work because y you must st be able to work with others, especially if you don’t always agree with them. (a) Communication —_(b) Cooperation (c) Honesty —_(d) Integrity [ZISYSTEM ADMINISTRATORS Answer: (b) Cooperation a10n ARCHIE ‘Oct 2019 (213) -| TOTAL VISITORS OF SA POST TILL TODAY. Seesstsctsnineteseensnnstneeeseneee SKIS SUCH AS LA. 141,040,790 writing, speaking and body language are important work ethics so that you can be clear in your messages to others. (a) Communication (b) Cooperation (c) Honesty —(d) Integrity Answer: (a) Communication 6. You are a person with a high level Of ne eeesseecsssteeseeseees ..if you stand by your values even nif others put pressure on you to do something that is wrong orCe ee a ear CS X Ayclassace.io ncer... NCERT Solutions for Class 6 Social science Chapter 1 - Unity In Diversity @ About featured snippets Feedback People also ask Are these results useful? Yes No ¥ ee ee eee oe) eee6:44AM 4% peed kort Ces Y Which of the following state... (0 Copytext +) Listen & Translate arc wet sitet | Ol arefterdcht cnturd fees az... (0) Answer. Answer: All the above statements are true. 11-Aug-2023 "B_ https://brainly.in > question Which of the following statements are true about the Federalism system of ... @ About featured snippets Feedback Questions and answers [ keloog 8 Brainly.in Question Question is a system of government Which of the fc in which the power is incorrect regar divided between central federal governr authority and various Federalism is ¢ Answer - 28 votes Answer - 5 votes Db 0 m 0 s G c oe Are these results useful? Yes No leAnswer: Objective | Why is it Exampl important eofa violatio n of this objecti ve One It is important Stoppi religious | because the ng the commun | Constitution people ity does | gives the right to | ofa not religious particu dominat | freedom to all, lar e and if it is not religion another provided, there from may be chances | celebr of riots anda ating disturbance of their harmony inthe | festival country. The state | It is important India is does not | that every a enforce | individualina countr any country hasthe | y particula | right to follow where rreligion | the religion of people nortake | their choice. This | from away the | is what makes differe religious | the nationa nt freedom | secular country. | castes of and individua religion Is s reside. That Religion cannot | Disting some be divided on uishing member | the basis of betwee sdonot | wealthorcreed. | n dominat | Hence, it is upper- e other important that class member | no member and s of the dominates other | lower- same members from class. religious | the same commun | religion. ity Following their religion is the right of everypoe abort Cys Which statement is not correct in the case of "Sovereign India"? a) India is not dependent on any country b) India is not a colony of any other country c) India can give any part of its country to any other country d) Is obliged to obey the UN in its internal affairs Correct answer is option 'D'’. Can you explain this answer? Verified Answer Which statement is not correct in the case of "Sovereign India"?a) In... The word Sovereign means a state having independent authority anda Right to govern itself without any outside influence. The Preamble of India proclaims India as a state to be sovereign, it testifies to the fact that India is no longer a dependency or colony or possession of British Crown. As asovereign independent state, India is free both internally and Download EduRev App 5Mn+ Installs6:40 AM ea: bert CD29 Y Which statement is not corre... (0 Copytext +) Listen & Translate BUCO MOC Gee @ a) In... The correct answer is option 'D' - India is not obliged to obey the UN in its internal affairs. Explanation: Sovereignty means the supreme power or authority of a state to govern itself without any external interference. GH https://edurev.in > question » Whic... Which statement is not correct in the case of "Sovereign India"? - aol UL RCo @ About featured snippets Feedback Questions and answers @ EduRev 8 Brainly.in Question Question iT Are these results useful? Yes No 2Ci 'Snovyeareaiqn India'24) India ic 'Covereaian Indi:Pea a oot Coys What is traditional knowledge? Traditional knowledge refers to the knowledge, innovations and practices of indigenous and local communities around the world. Developed from experience gained over the centuries and adapted to the local culture and environment, traditional knowledge is transmitted orally from generation to generation. It tends to be collectively owned and takes the form of stories, songs, folklore, proverbs, cultural values, beliefs, rituals, community laws, local language, and agricultural practices, including the development of plant species and animal breeds. Sometimes it is referred to as an oral traditional for it is practiced, sung, danced, painted, carved, chanted and performed down through millennia. Traditional knowledge is mainly of a practical nature, particularly in such fields as agriculture, fisheries, health, horticulture, forestry and environmental management in general. Its role and value There is today a growing appreciation of the value of traditional knowledge. This knowledge is valuable not only to those who depend on it in their daily lives, but to modernpeed at eyes 1. Which of the following word has not been written in the preamble of the Indian Constitution? (A) Sovereign (B) Socialist (C) Democratic (D) Indians Ans. D 2. Which of the following statements is not true? (A) The date of implementation of the Indian Constitution is November 26, 1949 (B) The “Secular” word was added by the 42nd Constitution Amendment (C) The 42nd Constitutional Amendment was done in 1976 (D) Social, Economic and political justice has been taken from the (a O © QO © HOME WEB STORIES MOCK TESTS TRENDING RESULTS6:37 AM % Pee as ka Ikea ‘What are the four pillars of In... (0 Copytext +) Listen & Translate eC OCC COI kia me @ Preamble declares India to be a sovereign, socialist, secular and democratic republic. The objectives stated by the Preamble are to secure justice, liberty, equality to all citizens and promote fraternity to maintain unity and integrity of the nation. 27-Jul-2020 @ https://www.drishtiias.com » Paper2 Preamble to the Indian Constitution - Drishti IAS @ About featured snippets Feedback People also ask What are the 4 pillars of the Constitution of India? Are these results useful? Yes No Canctitittinn in tha nraamhla?Which of the following statements is incorrect? 1. TK is distinctly associated with an indigenous or local community, which preserves and transmits it from generation to generation. 2. TK is old and static. 3. TK is generated, preserved and transmitted in a traditional and intergenerational context. 4. TK is not limited to any specific technical field. v Reveal answer... Correct answer: 2 In general terms, it can be said that TK is generated, preserved and transmitted in a traditional and intergenerational context; distinctly associated with an indigenous or local community which preserves and transmits it between generations; integral to the cultural identity of an indigenous or local community, which is recognized as holding the knowledge through a form of custodianship, guardianship, collective ownership or cultural responsibility. You can find general information on the interface between IP and TK, traditional cultural expressions (TCEs) and genetic resources (GRs) in Intellectual Property and Genetic Resources, Traditional Knowledge and Traditional Cultural Expressions - An Overview.