£ tT Cont INTRODUCTION AIM ANISEED OIL(SAUNF) CARUM OIL (AJWAIN) ‘CARDAMOM (ILLAICHI) EXPERIMENT BIBLIOGRAPHY ESSENTIAL OILSINTRODUCTION An essential oil is @ concentrated hydrophobic liquid conta ig volatile aroma compounds from plants, They are also known as volatile oils, ethereal oils, aetherolea etc. volatile substances which can be extracted from recowery processes such as steam and vacuum distillation are preferred for the extraction of essential oils from plant: materials, Virtually all naturally occurring essential cils are made up of hydrocarbons such as eamphene, pinene, limanane, phellandrene, cadrene, and ‘oxygenated hydrocarbons such as alcohals, aldehydes, esters, ethers, ketanes, lactanes, phenol and organic acids. The essential ail get their edours from the oxygenated campounds contained in them and these confer stability on the ail against axidatio The hydrocarbons are less stable and they are responsible for the degradation observed in the ails, The hydrocarbons contained in the essential oils are oftan removed sa that the oils. can be mora stable and still retain their fours and flavours Essential oils are made up of highly numerous plant spacies, Distillation hased CHEMISTRY PROUECT - EXTRACTION OF ESSENTIAL OILSAIM Extraction of essential oils present in Saunf(Aniseed), Ajwain(Carcum) and Illaichi{Cardamom) Diagram of the sleam distillation process CHEMISTRY PROJECT - EXTRACTION OF ESSENTIAL OILS aANISEED OIL (SAUNF) femmen Method of Extraction: Steam Distillation Botanical Name: Pimpinellaanisum Lalor: Clear Aromatic Description:Distinctive scent of licorice. Rich and sweet. Constituents: 2-pinene, camphene, B-pinene, linalool, cis-anethole, trans- anethole, safrole, anisaldehyde, acetoanisale Uses; +In aromatherapy, aniseed essential oil is used to treat colds and flu CHEMISTRY PROJECT - EXTRACTION OF ESSENTIAL OILS ?+ Aniseed ail can be made inte a liquid scent and is used for bath hunting and fishing. It is put on fishing lures to attract fish »Anethole, the principal component of anise ail, isa precursor that can eventually produce 2,5-dimethoxybenzaldehyde which is can be used in the clandestine synthesis of psychedelic drugs such as 2C-8, 2C-1 and DOB. + Dil of aniseed is also reparted to be used as an aromatic carminative to relieve flatulence, and as an ingredient of cough lozenges in combination with liquorice. «Essential oilis also used externally as an insecticide against small insects such as head lice, mites and vermin, It also has fungicidal properties. CHEMISTRY PROUE! EXTRACTION OF ESSENTIAL OILS: aCAROM OIL(AJWAIN) Botanical name: Trachyspermumammi Common Method of Extraction : Distillatian Aroma: Warm, Pungent,Peppery Extraction; Ajwain oil is extracted from the crushed seeds of ajwain by the method of steam distillation Chemical composition: The main constituents of the ajwain oil are thymal, gamma-terpinene, pcymene, and beta-pinene. Alpha-pinene, alpha-thujene, beta-myrcene, carvacral, CHEMISTRY PROUECT - EXTRACTION OF ESSENTIAL OILS 4limonene, and terpinene-4-ol,There are variations in the composition of ajwain ails depending upon the region where it Is cultivated For instance, ajwain oil callected from Southern India is rich in thyrnol Mises: + Skin Ailments: Ajwain can help with pimples. + Digestive Aid:Qne can treat indigestion, ulcers, and various other bacterial infections of the gut with ajwain seeds and essential oil Aromatherapy: Useful in aromatherapy, ajwain oil offers calming sensations that relieves neuralgia and migraines. CHEMISTRY PROUSCT - EXTRACTION OF ESSENTIAL OILS 0CARDAMOM OIL (ILLAICHI) Extraction: Cardamom ailis extracted using steam distillation methad. For this, seeds af arly we a BotonicalName: Eletteriacardamonum Common Method Of Extraction: Steam Distillation Aroma: Very complex and smaoth spice aroma the fruit are used just before they ripe. The yield through this process is normally 2 to 5 per cent. Chemical Composition: CHEMISTRY PROUECT - EXTRACTION OF ESSENTIAL OILS 1Cardamom ail contains sabinene, myrcene, a-pinene, b-pinene, aphellandrene, limonene, p-cymene, terpinolene, 1,8-cineale, y-terpinene, linalool, linalyl acetate, a-terpineol acetate, citrenellol, nerol, terpinen-4-oil, aterpineol, geraniol, methyl eugenol and trans-nerolidel. Uses: Cardamom ail has a vast range of usage for treatment of sciatica, coughs, abdominal pains, spasm and nervous disorders, Traditionally, it is used for pulmanary disease, fever, digestive and urinary problems in India and China for over 2000 years. It is also used to flavour pharmaceutical products. Apart from pharmaceutical usage, cardamam ail is also used as a fragrant in soaps, perfumes and ensmetic products. EXPERIMENT Materials Required; « Steam generator (Copper Vessel) round bottom flask (S00 ml), conical flask + Condenser Blass tubes iron stand CHEMISTRY PROJECT - EXTRACTION OF ESSENTIAL OILS @+ sand bath + separatory funnel + tripod stands + burners. + Ajwain(Carum) + Petroleum ether(60-80°C) + Saunf(Aniseed} Procedure: 1.Set the apparatus as shown in the picture of Experimental Setup. The apparatus consists of a steam generator connected to the round bottom flask through a glass inlet tube. The flask is connected to a water condenser through a glass outlet tube. Condenser is further attached to a receiver through an adaptor. 2.Take about 750m! of water in the steam generator and start heating to produce steam. 3.In the round bottom flask take about 75g of crushed saunflaniseed). 4.A vigorous current of steam from steam generator is passed through the round bottom flask 5.A part of the steam condenses in the round bottom flask. As more and more steam is passed, the steam volatile components of CHEMISTRY PROUECT - EXTRACTION OF ESSENTIAL OILS 2saunf pass through condenser along with steam. These contents on condensation are collected in the receiver. 6.The contents in the round bottom flask may be heated by a bunsen burner to prevent excessive condensation of steam. 7.The process of steam distillation is continued for about half an hour, 8.Transfer the distillate to a separating funnel and extract with 20ml portions of petroleum ether 3 times. 9.Combine the petroleum ether extracts in a 250ml conical flask and dry it with the help of anhydrous sodium sulphate. 10.Remove the solvent from the dried filtrate by careful distillation in a water bath. The essential oil is left behind in the distillation flask. 11.Find the weight of the extracted essential oil. Note the colour, odour and weight of the essential oil. Observations: 1.Saunf(Aniseed): Weight of Saunf taken= 100g Initial weight of the bottle= 10g(x) Weight of bottle+essential ail= 11.252{y) Weight of essential extracted= (y-x]= 1.25g Percentage of essential oil=(y/100)*100=1,25% CHEMISTRY PROJECT - EXTRACTION OF ESSENTIAL OILE “Colour of the oil= Colourless Odour of the ail= saunf like smell 2, Aiwain(Carum|. Weight of Saunf taken=75g Initial Weight of the bottle=10g(x) Weight of the bottle+essential oil=11g(y) Weight of essential oil extracted=(y-x)=1g Percentage of essential oil= (y/75)*100=1,33%. Colour of the oil= colourless Odour of the oil= Ajwain like smell RESULT: Essential oils present in aniseed, carum and cardamom are extracted from this method. CHEMISTRY PROUEGT - EXTRACTION OF ESSENTIAL OILS 48BIBLIOGRAPHY » Www. slideshare net + Www. icbse.com www.zemvelocare.com www.katyaniexports.com CHEMISTRY PROJECT - EXTRACTION OF ESSENTIAL OILS 8