TO Techniques and Literary Devices What I Need to Know At the end of this lesson, you are expected to identify the various elements, techniques and literary devices in fiction (HUMSS_CWIMP11/12Ig-12) (4) What I Know Direction: Answer the following questions. 4. This refers to the details the narrator gives about a character and it tells readers about the important elements of the story or characters. A. Dialogue and Thought C. Action B. Exposition D. Description 2. Allterary device use by authors to give hint for certain plot development that may come later in the story. A. Flashback C. Motif B. Symbolism D. Foreshadowing 3. Itrefers to the attitude of the author towards the writing and the readers. B. Mood C. Symbol B. Tone D. Motif 4. Anarrative mode which means the conversation between characters that can help to evolve the characters. A. Dialogue C. Thought Action B. Thought D. Desoription 5. Anarrative mode which sets the mood and gives details about the place, person or thing, A. Dialogue C. Action B. Thought D. Description 2What's In In the previous lesson you learned about fiction and the elements Of fiction, In the elements of fiction you've studied about the types of character, point-of-view, plot, conflict, and theme. Now, as we go deeper in understanding fiction let’s explore the different types of literary devices used in crafting fiction. LZ mene Activity. On a clean bond paper create an illustration for the word freedam and provide a brief explanation of the illustration. ‘What is It What is a literary device? How is literary device used in fiction? Techniques and Literary Devices A literary device (also known as literary technique) is any method a writer uses to convey hisiher message. These devices add texture, energy and excitement that grips readers imagination. Below are some of the most commonly used literary devices/techniques used by writers: 4. Mood/Tone In literature, mood is a literary element that elicits certain feelings or vibes in readers through words and descriptions. Mood pertains to the atmosphere of a literary piece, as it creates an emotional setting that surrounds the readers. Mood is developed in a literary piece through various methods, including setting, theme, tone, and diction. It is the atmosphere created by the author's words. It is a feeling that the readers get from reading the work. Mood can be joyful, gloomy, frightening or mysterious. While tone on the other hand, is the attitude of the author toward the writing and readers. It is achieved through word choice, sentence construction and word order. A tone can be serious, satirical, sarcastic or solemn. 232. Foreshadowing Allterary device used by authors to hint certain plot development that perhaps will come to be later in the story. It is the presentation of material in a work in such a ‘way that later/future events are prepared for. 3. Symbolism and Motif A literary device that contains several layers of meaning, usually concealed or hidden at frst sight. itis a representative of other aspects/traits/concepts that those that are visible in the literal translation alone. It is using an object or actions that means something more than its literal meaning. ‘The word symbol comes from the Greek word symbolom. Symbol is any word or any object that stands for another word or object. This object or word can be seen with the eye or not visible. For example: a dove stands for peace. The dove can be seen and peace cannot. Motif is any element, subject, idea, or concept that is always present through the entire body of work. Motifs are very noticeable and play a significant role in defining the nature of the story, the course of events and the very fabric of the literary piece. A ‘motif may also be two contradictory elements in a work, such as good and evil. A motif is important for it allows one to see main points and themes that the author is trying to express. The Heart of Darkness by Joseph Conrad has a motif of observation and ‘eavesdropping. Marlow, the protagonist, gets information about the world either by ‘observing his surroundings or listening to the conversation of others. The Modes of Fiction People love telling stories and anyone can tell a story, but writing a story on the other hand is more complicated than just telling a story for it requires structure, through the form of the five narrative modes of fiction. Narrative modes in fiction are the methods or ways that writers use in telling their stories. ‘The Five Narrative Modes 4. Dialogue Dialogue is the talk between your characters. Dialogue is the spoken communication found within quotation marks. Dialogue and thought has three purposes; first, they reveal som the character. Second, they build tension. Third, they help advance the story. 1g about 24Dialogue is spoken action, that means it is spoken aloud, while thought is an intemal monologue. Dialogue is a conversation between characters that can help to evolve the characters. Take a look at the example below. 2. Thought A character's thoughts might be simply thoughts. But a character could talk to himself in his head, calling himself names, for example, for the foolish risks he took or giving himself a pep talk. “The Indian worldis on a collision course with the white world,” Billy said. Wasn't that the truth, Horse thought.” 3. Action Action is a driving force of your narrative, it does not only advance the story, but also to reveal information about your characters. Readers become engaged when something happens to the fictional characters. Itis something that happens and may include dialogue, gestures, and other activities. For example, Nola didn't look back at the drenched, angry matron standing at the edge of the schoolyard with her hands on her hops. Will turned on the wipers. He took off his expensive wet hat, threw it in the back, and drove Nola away in the rainstorm, imagining the taste of the rain on her skin. In this passage the action not only moves the plot of the story forward, but also reveals something about the personalities of the three characters involved. 4, Description Desorption are those deep sensory images the writer wants the reader to experience. It sets the mood and the scene and it provides an explanation. It gives details about the place, person or thing. Tornado Nola, as it came to be called, was a favorite topic in Indian Territory. The twister had touched down only in select locations. It destroyed the Catholic church, but it left the Baptist church untouched. The most devout of both faiths concluded it was God’s will they attend the Baptist church. Slogan on TV suggests, and the floor was sticky with spilled drinks from the children scurrying around like an infestation, waiting to be pressed into the ground by a careless foot. 2s5. Exposition This refers to the details the narrator gives about a character. Exposition tells readers about the important elements of the story or characters For example: Unlike her mother, however, she had Catholic leanings and placed anemic looking statues of saints, Jesus, and the blond Virgin Mary ‘throughout the rooms. She bumed candles at the feet of the statues. And her monkey wore a rhinestone collar. © am Direction: Read the statements below and choose the best answer. 1. What is the tone of the following sentence? "Here we go again,’ he moaned, as he watched the other team score yet another goal." A. Joy C. Excitement B. Fury D. Frustration 2. The author's attitude or feelings towards the writing is the - A. Tone B. Mood is the feeling the reader gets as he/she reads the text. A.Tone B. Mood 4. What is the tone of the following text? “I will not!” she shouted. “I will not be left at the mercy of our enemies while you slink away!” A. Pleased C. Happy B. Angry D. Suspicious 5. “She hesitated, listening for sounds of the creature. The forest seemed empty, but she could sense something else out there. Something watching and waiting.” What is the mood in the passage? ‘A Romantic C. Depressing B. Joyful D. suspenseful 26Q& ‘What I Have Learned & mY Let's Summarize A\lterary device is sometimes called a literary technique. A\lterary device is any method a writer uses to convey his/her message. Tone is a literary element that evokes certain feelings or vibes in readers through words and descriptions. It is the atmosphere created by the author's words. Foreshadowing is used to provide a hint in plot development. ‘Symbolism and motif contains meaning. It may be an object or action that means something more than its literal meaning. Modes of fiction refers the methods writers use to tell their stories. There are five narrative modes of fiction are dialogue and thought, action, description and exposition What I Can Do Direction: Read the selection below and determine the mode used. Write your answer way and ranch on the space provided. 1. Jack grabbed his backpack and hopped off the bus. 2. Perfect. The bus stop was right in front of the library. That lhe could get right to work on his AP History term paper ‘wouldn't have to waste time walking to his destination. 3. Most of the time, he simply rode his bike to the local library near his house, but they didn't have the books he needed. 4. Okay, let's get to work. 5. Swinging the backpack over one shoulder, he jogged up the library steps. 27Directions: Read and answer the following 1. What literary element is suggested with the words joyful, sadness, mysterious? A. Foreshadowing 8. Symbolism — C. Mood D. Motif 2. What mode of fiction refers to details the narrator gives about a character? A. Exposition B. Action C. DescriptionD. Dialogue and thought 3. Identify the tone in this statement “if only we are rich | won't be wearing these oddly looking hand-me-down clothes." A. Happy B. Bitter C. Tolerant D. Optimistic 4. A mode which gives provides details about the person, place or thing ‘A. Exposition B. Dialogue C. Description —_D. Action 5. What mode is used in the statement below? “With a glance back at the gorgeous day outside, he almost —almost regretted coming here today.” A. Dialogue B. thought ©. Action D. Description Directions: Read the selection below and determine the mode used. Write your answer on the space provided. 1. Because he didn't have his drivers license yet—he would next year if all went well—his mother would normally have driven him here, but she'd already promised his younger sister a trip to the 200 on the next nice ‘Saturday, and the zoo was in the opposite direction of the library. He pushed through the revolving door and into the massive lobby. It had been a couple of years since he'd been to the main library. He'd forgotten haw huge this, place was! 2. In front of him, in the center of the lobby and under the four- story-tall dome, sat the long, information and check-out desk. To either side, stairs curved up along the wall to the second-floor balcony. Straight ahead, behind the desk stood two elevators. What surprised him were how many people he saw in here on a sunny morning. He didn't see any other students, just mostly adults and older folks. 3. Well, it was only ten o'clock. They might still be in bed, or more likely planning on going other places than the library. 28Enough gawking, Jack. You have a lot of work ahead of you. He'd figured it would probably take him all day to do this paper. 4. At the information desk a young lady was typing something on her computer. 5. “May | help you?" she asked, looking up. “Sure. Where is the archaeology section?” “Third floor.” She pointed behind her at the elevators. “Tur right off the elevator and go all the way to the end of the hall.” He smiled and said, “Thank you.”FICTIONAL JOURNAL ‘What I Need to Know At the end of this lesson, you are expected to write journal entries and other short exercises exploring key elements of fiction. (HUMSS_CWIMPIg-i-13) Directions: Read and understand each statement. Choose the correct answer being referred in every number. The correct answers can be found in the Word Bank below. WORD BANK * Character «Fiction * Setting * Point of View + Journal *Plot + Fictional Journal + Style + Theme + Foreshadowing + Symbol + Diary 1. It is the take home message. 2. It should provide a clear sense of movement. 3. Itis a note where we write down our happenings on a daily basis. 4. It needs to be richly drawn to draw the readers into the story and make them remember. 5. Itis the place and culture in which things situated,6. This a broad category that covers everything from writing dialogue to the voice used. 7. Itallows perceiving the world in an entirely different perspective. 8. It is created from the imagination, not presented as fact, though it may be based on true story or situation. 9. Tis the mode of narration that an author employs to let the readers “hear” and ‘see 10. Itmeans that every story has a perspective. What’s In In the previous lesson, you have learned about the different elements of fiction, literary devices and techniques, as well as the modes of fiction. Different elements of fiction are character, setting, plot, conflict, and point of view while the different literary devices/techniques you have learned are mood/tone, motif and symbol, foreshadowing, and the different usage of figurative language. Your knowledge about this will help you write your fictional journal clearer, and arouse readers’ curiosity. What's New Directions: Read and understand the given situation. You put yourself on the character of the situation. Write a minimum of 250-word paragraph on the advice that you can give to the main character. Situation: A transferee student comes in to your classroom. She is your new classmate. You want to befriend her because she noticed in her eyes that she is a good person. How will you approach her? Do not forget to incorporate the elements of fiction in your output uMthat Is It what is riction? Fiction came from Latin word fictus which means “to form”, to form words based from the imagination. Itis a literature created from the imagination, not presented as fact, though it may be based on a true story or situation. Whit are to be Included in Writing a Fiction? ‘A. Character. In fiction the characters need to be richly drawn to draw you into the story and make you care enough to keep reading and to remember them. Introduce them to your readers by providing description as to how they look like and what are their actions. B. Theme. The central message. In fiction, it is a moral or an emotion. “Figuring it out as you write” is the approach in writing a theme. c. Plot. It contains a clear sense of movement. This gives a sense of motion of what you are reading and end up somewhere new. It contributes why people 2keep reading up to the end. You need to take the reader along a very clear action from question to conclusion. . Setting. It refers to the time and location in which a story takes place. E. Style. This is a broad category that covers everything from writing dialogue to what voice to be used. ‘What is Journal? Journal is a note where we write down our daily events and happenings in life. It is also a collection of one’s thoughts or observation written over time about a particular topic. However, in this lesson, we are going to explore a type of journal thatis fictional. Itis called as “Fictional Journal". What is Fictional Journal? Fictional Journal is a record of sequential events that can be used to describe the feelings or events of the character and his/her point of view towards a subject or a ssituation. It also shows your thoughts on a daily basis which serves as a creative ‘exercise. The format of fictional journal is the same on the format of nan-fictional journal. It stl gets the reader directly into the character's head and it provides a built- in framework for plot. ‘Why Do We Need to Write a Fictional Journal? Fictional Journal allows us to perceive the world in an entirely different perspective. It serves as a compilation of things and actions which exist in our ‘imagination. Through writing it, we can change the events in our lives in a way we ‘want it to be. It also makes us creative. We can be creative because as writers of our ‘own fictional journal, we can play words. We will go beyond the usual words that we used in our everyday life as well as the actions and scenes of the characters. Thus, it ‘specifically gives us benefits such as follows: A. Improve Our Writing. A good way to improve our writing skill is to write a lot ‘Writing fictional journal provides us the opportunity to improve because the style ‘of writing is on daily basis. In addition, any creative ideas we record in our journal can be expanded later. B. Explore Our Thoughts. Keeping our joumal can help us record all the ‘thoughts that we have on daily basis. C. Give Meaning to Our Life. Fictional journal can determine our dreams and aspirations. Things we write in our journal justify how we value life and our perspective about it. 2For five days, write a fictional journal entry based from the situation below. You set yourself that you are the main character. In your journal entry, you include the different key elements of fiction and consider the rubrics. Situation: Imagine that you will make up an alter ego of oneself. On Day 1, give himlher a name. Make a very detailed description on how helshe looks like. On Day 2, write about hishher strengths and weaknesses. On Day 3, write about the family he/she has. Describe every member of his/her family. On Day 4, write about histher ambition in life and the things she will take to achieve hisiher ambition. On Day 5, write the things he/she will do to make her a better friend, classmate, colleague, and citizen of this country. 5 3 2 SETTING Provide a vivid|Provide a short | Provide a description of | descriptive words | description on. where it happened, | about where it|where the story when itis, and what | happened, when it | happened but does itis around is, what itis around | not paint a clear picture to the reader CHARACTER Create a clear Reader cannot be distinct able to identify the characterization in distinction in every every character character because involved in the it is confusing storyPLOT and EVENTS Events are interesting and substantial. Readers tend to be very excited toread the next events in the story. Events are substantial but it doesn't create an excitement for the readers to read. Events are missing out of order. WORD CHOICE Words create a memorable picture with robust works and active verbs. Slory creates some robust works and some active Provide few interesting words, no active verbs, and frequently grammar usage, punctuation, capitalization and spelling. grammar usage, punctuation, capitalization and spelling. used repetitive words INTEGRATION OF | The Seven (7) key | The key elements | The key elements THE KEY | elements of fiction | present in the story | present in the story ELEMENTS OF | are present in the | are only fourto six. | are only one to FICTION story. three. MECHANICS No enor in|Few errors in| Many errors in grammar usage, punctuation, capitalization and spelling. Day1 35