ISBN 978-0-626-25284-7

SANS 677:2010
Edition 3.4

SOUTH AFRICAN NATIONAL STANDARD

Concrete non-pressure pipes

Published by SABS Standards Division

1 Dr Lategan Road Groenkloof Private Bag X191 Pretoria 0001
Tel: +27 12 428 7911 Fax: +27 12 344 1568
www.sabs.co.za
© SABS
SANS 677:2010
Edition 3.4

Table of changes
Change No. Date Scope
Amdt 1 1995 Amended to make provision for sacrificial concrete layers and to
make editorial changes.
Amdt 2 1998 Amended to align referenced standards with international
standards.
Amdt 3 2003 Amended to update referenced standards, to change a definition,
to delete a reference to the standardization mark scheme and to
add the correct titles of the different sections of SANS 10120-
series in appendix A.
Amdt 4 2010 Amended to update referenced standards and to delete
reference to the standardization mark scheme.

Foreword
This South African standard was approved by National Committee SABS SC 59A, Construction
standards – Cement, lime and concrete, in accordance with procedures of the SABS Standards
Division, in compliance with annex 3 of the WTO/TBT agreement.

This document was published in October 2010.

This document supersedes SABS 677:2003 (edition 3.3).

A vertical line in the margin shows where the text has been technically modified by amendment
No. 4.
SANS 677:2010
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Contents
Page

Foreword

1 Scope ..................................................................................................................................... 3

2 Definitions .............................................................................................................................. 3

3 Requirements for materials .................................................................................................... 4

4 Physical requirements ............................................................................................................ 4

5 Marking .................................................................................................................................. 9

6 Inspection and methods of test .............................................................................................. 10

6.1 Inspection ....................................................................................................................... 10

6.2 Sequence of tests .......................................................................................................... 10
6.3 Dimensions .................................................................................................................... 11
6.4 Straightness test ............................................................................................................ 12
6.5 End squareness test ...................................................................................................... 12
6.6 Hydraulic test (SI type pipes) ......................................................................................... 13
6.7 Proof load test ................................................................................................................ 13
6.8 Ultimate load test ........................................................................................................... 14

Appendix A Applicable standards ............................................................................................ 16

Appendix B Notes to purchasers ............................................................................................. 18

Appendix C Method for determining the amount of material in calcareous aggregate

concrete that is insoluble in hydrochloric acid ...................................................... 19

Appendix D Notes on the inspection of pipes........................................................................... 20

Appendix E Quality evaluation of concrete non-pressure pipes produced to the

requirements laid down in the specification .......................................................... 20

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Concrete non-pressure pipes

1 Scope
1.1 This specification covers two types of concrete non-pressure cylindrical pipe, one (SC)
intended mainly for storm-water-drain and culvert purposes and the other (SI) intended mainly for
sewer and irrigation purposes.

1.2 The specification does not cover fittings for the pipes.
NOTE

a) The attention of users of concrete non-pressure pipes manufactured in accordance with this specification is
drawn to the requirements given in SANS 1200 DB, SANS 1200 L, SANS 1200 LB, SANS 1200 LD,
SANS 1200 LE and SANS 1200 LG, and the recommendations given in sections DB, L, LB, LD, LE and LG
of parts 2, 3 and 5 of SANS 10120.

b) The standards referred to in the specification are listed in appendix A.

c) Requirements that must be specified by the purchaser and requirements that should be stated, if necessary,
are listed in appendix B.

d) A method for determining the amount of material in calcareous aggregate concrete that is insoluble in
hydrochloric acid is given in appendix C.

e) Notes on the inspection of pipes manufactured in accordance with the specification are given in appendix D.

f) Guidance on the verification of the quality of concrete non-pressure pipes produced to this specification is
given in appendix E.

g) Assessment of compliance with certain requirements of 3.1 to 3.4 and 3.6 requires special agreement
between the supplier and the purchaser. Amdt 3

2 Definitions
2.1 For the purposes of this specification the following definitions shall apply:
acceptable
acceptable to the authority administering this standard, or to the parties concluding the purchase
contract, as relevant Amdt 3

sacrificial concrete layer

a layer of concrete in addition to the minimum specified cover to the inner cage reinforcement
Amdt 3

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stated internal diameter/stated effective length

the internal diameter/effective length that is the manufacturer's equivalent to the nominal internal
diameter/nominal effective length (see 5.2)

3 Requirements for materials

3.1 General
Pipes shall be of concrete. Materials for the concrete shall be so selected as to achieve maximum
density and minimum porosity. Pipes that are intended to be resistant to chemical attack shall have
an acceptably low content of material insoluble in hydrochloric acid.

NOTE When required, the content of material insoluble in hydrochloric acid should be determined in
accordance with the method given in appendix C and should not exceed 25 %(m/m).

3.2 Cement
Cement used in the manufacture of the pipes shall comply with requirements of BS 4550-6 or the
requirements for cement compositions CEMI, CEMII/A-M or CEMIII/A, given in SANS 50197-1.
Amdt 2; amdt 3; amdt 4

3.3 Aggregate
Aggregate shall consist of natural sand, crushed or uncrushed gravel, crushed stone or crushed
rock, or a combination of any of these aggregates. Amdt 2

3.4 Steel reinforcement

Steel used for reinforcement shall be free from oil, grease, loose scale and loose or heavy rust. The
steel shall comply with the requirements of BS 4483 or SANS 920, as appropriate. Amdt 1

3.5 Rubber rings

Rubber rings used for jointing pipes shall comply with the relevant requirements of SANS 4633.
Amdt 4

3.6 Water
Water used in the mixing of the concrete shall be clean and acceptably free from impurities that
could impair the strength or durability (or both) of the concrete.

3.7 Admixtures
Admixtures in the concrete shall be permitted.

4 Physical requirements
4.1 Type of pipe, type of joint and finish of pipes

4.1.1 Type of pipe

A pipe shall be an SC pipe (i.e. intended mainly for use in storm-water drains and culverts) or an SI
pipe (i.e. intended mainly for use in sewers and irrigation) and, if so required, shall be reinforced.

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4.1.2 Type of joint

The ends of a pipe shall be so shaped as to provide one of the types of joint shown in figure 1. The
required number of rubber rings of the appropriate size shall be supplied with pipes having in-the-
wall joints and rubber-ring type spigot and socket joints.

4.1.3 Finish of pipes

a) SC type pipes. All surfaces and edges of an SC type pipe shall be acceptably free from
imperfections that could impair the serviceability of the pipe. Craze cracks of a superficial nature
and hair cracks of depth not exceeding one-third of the wall thickness shall be permissible.

NOTE Unless otherwise required, an SC type pipe may have lifting holes (to facilitate handling and
laying).

b) SI type pipes. All surfaces and edges of an SI type pipe shall be acceptably free from cracks or
other imperfections that could impair the serviceability of the pipe.

4.2 Dimensions

4.2.1 Internal diameter and wall thickness

When determined in accordance with 6.3.1, the actual internal diameter of a pipe shall not differ
from the stated internal diameter (see 5.2) by more than the appropriate tolerance given in column 2
or 3 (as relevant) of table 1, and any variation in the wall thickness of the pipe shall not exceed the
appropriate value given in column 4 or 5 (as relevant) of table 1.

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SYSTOOLS

SYSTOOLS

*L to be measured on the inside of the pipe when grouting gap is on the outside and on the outside when
grouting gap is on the inside

Figure 1 ― Joint types and effective length of pipes

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Table 1 — Dimensions

Dimensions in millimetres
1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Tolerance on Permissible Spigot and socket and in-the-wall

stated internal variation in wall joints
diameter thickness Tolerance on Tolerance on
Nominal
max. stated outside stated internal
internal
diameter diameter of diameter of
spigot and male socket and
SC type SI type SC type SI type
end of in-the-wall female end of in-
joint the-wall joint
100
150 ±8 ±5 6 6 +1,5
± 1,5
225 −1,0
300 ±8 ±6 10 6
375
±8 ±6 10 6 +2,0
450 ± 2,0
−1,5
525
600 ± 10 ±8 13 6
675
750 +2,5
825 ± 13 ± 10 13 10 ± 2,5
−2,0
900
1 050
1 200
1 350 ± 19 ± 11 16 10
+3,0
1 500 ± 3,0
−2,5
1 800

4.2.2 Effective length1)

When determined in accordance with 6.3.2, the actual effective length L (see figure 1) of a pipe
shall not differ from the stated effective length (see 5.2) by more than

a) 13 mm, in the case of an SC type pipe; and

b) 0,5 %, in the case of an SI type pipe.

4.2.3 Spigot and socket and in-the-wall joints2)

When determined in accordance with 6.3.3, the actual outside diameter of a spigot and of the male
end of an in-the-wall pipe, and the actual internal diameter of a socket and of the female end of an
in-the-wall pipe shall not differ from the stated dimensions (see 5.2) by more than the appropriate
tolerance given in column 6 or 7 (as relevant) of table 1.

1) The recommended nominal effective length of pipes of diameter 300 mm and larger is 2,5 m and
manufacturers not yet producing pipes of length 2,5 m are advised to change to this length when replacing
their moulds.

2) The attention of manufacturers is drawn to the fact that settlement of the pipes may occur after the pipes
have been laid. In the case of a rubber-ring type spigot and socket pipe and an in-the-wall pipe, the design of
the pipe ends, the barrel of the pipe and the rubber ring should therefore be such that over-compression or
under-compression of the rubber ring does not occur in the field.

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4.2.4 Ogee (interlocking) ends

When determined in accordance with 6.3.4, the length L of an ogee joint (see figure 1(e)) shall not
⎛ D ⎞
exceed 50 % of the wall thickness and shall be at least ⎜ + 7 ⎟ mm
⎝ 100 ⎠
where

D is the nominal internal diameter of the pipe, in millimetres.

4.2.5 Standard cover to reinforcement3) Amdt 1

When determined in accordance with 6.3.5, the minimum thickness of the cover over all
reinforcement shall be 6 mm or the diameter of the steel, whichever is greater, for pipes of nominal
internal diameters not exceeding 825 mm, and 10 mm, or the diameter of the steel, whichever is
greater, for pipes of nominal internal diameter exceeding 825 mm.

4.2.6 Additional cover to inner cage steel reinforcement3)

When determined in accordance with 6.3.6, the additional thickness of the cover over all steel
reinforcement shall not be less than the required thickness. Amdt 1

4.2.7 Straightness

When a pipe is tested in accordance with 6.4, any deviation from straightness shall not exceed
5 mm/m of the effective length of the pipe.

4.2.8 End squareness

When a pipe is tested in accordance with 6.5, any deviation from squareness of the ends of the pipe
shall not exceed the following values:

SI type SC type

a) In the case of pipes of nominal internal diameter not exceeding

900 mm 6 mm 10 mm
b) In the case of pipes of nominal internal diameter exceeding 900 mm 10 mm 13 mm

4.3 Resistance to hydraulic pressure (SI type pipes)

When tested in accordance with 6.6, an SI type pipe shall withstand for at least 2 min, an internal
hydraulic pressure of 140 kPa without showing any sign of leakage.

3) The minimum thickness specified above is considered adequate in South Africa for all normal uses of
concrete pipes. In special cases (e.g. where pipes are to be used for the conveyance of corrosive fluids or are
to be laid in aggressive ground conditions) the thickness of cover should be increased and should be specified
by the purchaser.

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4.4 Resistance to proof load

When a pipe is tested in accordance with 6.7, it shall be capable of withstanding, without the
development of any crack of width exceeding the appropriate width given below and of length
exceeding 300 mm, the proof load given in table 2 appropriate to the nominal internal diameter and
the D-load designation (see 5.1(c)) of the pipe: Amdt 1

a) pipes with the standard minimum cover over all steel reinforcement (see 4.2.5): 0,25 mm; Amdt 1

b) special purpose pipes: 0,25 mm; Amdt 1

c) pipes that have additional cover to the inner cage steel reinforcement (see figure 4), the
following: Amdt 1

t−x
r= q
t − x − C2

where

r = the allowable crack width for pipes that have a sacrificial concrete layer, mm

q = the allowable crack width at standard specified cover (see 4.4(a)), mm

t = the total wall thickness of the pipe, mm

x = the distance from the outside surface of the pipe to the neutral axis of the pipe, mm

C2 = the thickness of the sacrificial concrete layer over the inner cage steel reinforce-
ment, mm

C2 = is calculated as follows: Amdt 1

C2 = C − C1

where

C = the total cover to the inner cage steel reinforcement, mm

C1 = the standard specified cover over the inner cage steel reinforcement, mm. Amdt 1

4.5 Ultimate load

When a pipe is tested in accordance with 6.8, the ultimate load (i.e. the maximum load that the pipe
will withstand) shall be at least 1,25 times the appropriate proof load given in table 2.

5 Marking
5.1 Pipes
The following information shall appear in legible and durable marking on each pipe in a position
such that it cannot be covered by a joint:

a) the manufacturer's name or trade name or trade mark;

b) the nominal internal diameter;

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c) the letters SC or SI (as relevant) and the D-load designation;

d) the date of manufacture;

e) the letter N if the pipe is not reinforced;

f) the word TOP or BOTTOM, or both, in the appropriate position(s) if elliptically placed
reinforcement is used;

g) in the case of a pipe containing calcareous aggregates, the letters DOL.

5.2 Consignment note

Each consignment note shall give the stated dimensions (see 4.2.1, 4.2.2 and, when relevant,
4.2.3).

6 Inspection and methods of test

6.1 Inspection
Inspect all the pipes in the sample for compliance with the requirements of 4.1 and section 5.

6.2 Sequence of tests

Subject all pipes in the sample to the tests given in 6.3, 6.4, 6.5, 6.7, 6.8 and, when relevant, 6.6.
Carry out the tests in the order given.

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Table 2 ― Proof loads

1 2 3 4 5
Nominal Load on effective length of pipe
internal kN/m
diameter D-load*
mm 25D 50D 75D 100D
100 – – – 10,0
150 – – 11,3 15,0
225 – 11,3 16,9 22,5
300 – 15,0 22,5 30,0
375 – 18,8 28,1 37,5
450 11,3 22,5 33,8 45,0
525 13,1 26,3 39,4 52,5
600 15,0 30,0 45,0 60,0
675 16,9 33,8 50,6 67,5
750 18,8 37,5 56,3 75,0
825 20,6 41,3 62,0 82,5
900 22,5 45,0 67,5 90,0
1 050 26,3 52,5 78,8 105,0
1 200 30,0 60,0 90,0 120,0
1 350 33,8 67,5 101,3 135,0
1 500 37,5 75,0 112,5 150,0
1 800 45,0 90,0 135,0 180,0
* The D-load (diameter-crushing load) designation of a pipe is derived from the
load, in kilonewtons, that a 1 m length of the pipe will withstand (without the
development of cracks of width exceeding the value specified in 4.4) divided by
the nominal internal diameter of the pipe, in metres, e.g. if a load of 60 kN /m of
its effective length on a pipe of nominal internal diameter 1 200 mm produces
cracks of width not exceeding the value specified in 4.4, the D-load designation
of the pipe is 50D.
Amdt 1

6.3 Dimensions

6.3.1 Internal diameter and wall thickness

Measure, to the nearest 1 mm, the internal diameter and wall thickness of the pipe. Take, in each
case, a minimum of three measurements at 120° to each other at positions at least 75 mm from the
end of the pipe.

6.3.2 Effective length

Measure, to the nearest 2 mm, the effective length of the pipe.

6.3.3 Spigots and sockets and in-the-wall joints

When and as applicable, measure, to the nearest 0,5 mm, the outside diameter of the spigot or of
the male end of an in-the-wall pipe and the internal diameter of the socket or of the female end of
an in-the-wall pipe. Take, in each case, a minimum of three measurements.

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6.3.4 Ogee (interlocking) ends

When applicable, measure, to the nearest 2 mm, the length of each ogee (interlocking) end.

6.3.5 Cover to steel reinforcement

Using any acceptable method, measure to the nearest 2 mm, the thickness of the cover over the
reinforcement. Amdt 1

6.3.6 Additional thickness of cover to inner cage steel reinforcement

Determine the additional thickness of the cover to the inner cage steel reinforcement by subtracting
the standard cover to steel reinforcement (see 4.2.5) from the measured cover to steel
reinforcement determined in accordance with 6.3.5. Amdt 1

6.4 Straightness test

a) If the outer surface of the pipe was cast against the mould, allow the barrel to rest naturally on a
plane surface and measure, to the nearest 1 mm, the largest deviation from the plane.

b) Alternatively, use a straight edge or any other acceptable device to measure the deviation from
straightness of the surface that was cast against the mould.

c) Repeat the measurements at several different positions on the surface of the pipe, until the maxi-
mum value for the deviation has been found.

d) Use the value obtained in (c) above to calculate the deviation per metre of effective length of the
pipe.

6.5 End squareness test

6.5.1 Apparatus

A square, the stock of which is longer than the diameter of the pipe to be measured.

6.5.2 Procedure

a) Place the blade of the square in contact with the surface of the pipe that was cast against the
mould (and, in the case of socketed pipes, on the spigot end), parallel to the longitudinal axis,
and place the inner edge of the stock in contact with one end of the pipe.

b) Measure, to the nearest 1 mm, the distance between the stock and the outer surface of the end
of the pipe at a point diametrically opposite the point of contact of the stock with the end of the
pipe.

c) Repeat this measurement with the stock of the square at right angles to the first point of
measurement and calculate the arithmetic mean of the two measurements.

d) In the case of pipes other than socketed pipes, repeat the procedure given in (a) to (c) above at
the other end of the pipe.

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6.6 Hydraulic test (SI type pipes)

6.6.1 Preparation of test specimen

Test the pipe in the air-dry condition or after it has been soaked in water, but ensure that the
surfaces of the pipe are dry when the pipe is tested.

NOTE If a pipe fails when tested in the air-dry condition, it may be soaked in water and then retested.

6.6.2 Procedure

a) Use machined test heads having dimensions and profiles such that they match the ends of the
pipe under test and are capable of sealing, or use any other suitable method of sealing the ends
of the pipe.

b) Connect the pipe (through the closure at one end) to a suitable source of hydraulic pressure. Fill
the pipe with water and ensure that all the air has been removed from the pipe.

c) Apply pressure at a rate not exceeding 70 kPa/5 s, until a test pressure of 140 kPa has been
reached.

d) Maintain this test pressure for 2 min and then examine the pipe for signs of leakage.

NOTE Regard as leakage any drops forming on the surface and subsequently running or falling away from
the point of formation.

6.7 Proof load test

6.7.1 Apparatus

a) Bearers. Two unyielding bearers of width 150 mm and having (on the inner surfaces) rubber
packing pieces of width 150 mm and of thickness 25 mm (see figure 2). Alternatively, three
unyielding bearers (with rubber packing pieces of thickness 25 mm) of the shape and positioned
as shown in figure 3. In both cases, the length of the bearers and of the packing is at least equal
to the effective length of the pipe to be tested where, in the case of a spigot and socket pipe, the
effective length is, for the purpose of the test, the length of the plain cylindrical portion of the
pipe. The hardness of the rubber is 55 IRHD ± 5 IRHD.

b) Gauge. A gauge made from a steel leaf, of thickness 0,25 mm and of width 10 mm and tapered
(1 in 4) to a rounded end of width 2 mm (measured at a line scribed at right angles to its
longitudinal axis at a position 2 mm from the tapered end (see figure 4)).

6.7.2 Procedure

a) Place the pipe under test between, and with its longitudinal axis parallel to, the bearers.

b) So apply an increasing load to one bearer that the load is applied uniformly over the whole
effective length of the pipe at a rate not exceeding 150 N/m of effective length per second.

c) Continue until the appropriate proof load (based on the effective length of the pipe) is reached.

d) Then, without removing or increasing the load, use the gauge to determine the width of any
cracks in the pipe. Deem the pipe to have failed the test if any crack is so wide that the point of
the gauge will, without being forced, penetrate to a depth of 2 mm at close intervals over a
distance of 300 mm or more.

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6.8 Ultimate load test

Immediately after checking the pipe for cracks (if any) in the test given in 6.7, increase the load (at
the rate used in that test) until the pipe fails or until a load of at least 1,25 times the appropriate
proof load (see 4.5) is reached, whichever occurs first.

Figure 2 ― Two-bearer proof load test arrangement

Figure 3 ― Three-bearer proof load test arrangement

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Figure 4 ― Geometric relationships of cracks

Figure 5 ― Crack-measuring gauge

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Appendix A

Applicable standards
Reference is made to the latest issues of the following standards:

BS 4483, Steel fabric for the reinforcement of concrete – Specification.

BS 4550-6, Methods of testing cement – Standard sand for mortar cubes. Amdt 4

SABS 471, Portland cement (ordinary, rapid hardening, and sulphate – resisting). Amdt 2

SABS 626, Portland blastfurnace cement. Amdt 2

SABS 831, Portland cement 15 (ordinary and rapid-hardening). Amdt 2

SABS ENV 197-1, Cement – Part 1: Composition specifications and conformity criteria for common
cements. Amdt 3

SANS 920 (SABS 920), Steel bars for concrete reinforcement.

SANS 1200-DB (SABS 1200-DB), Standardized specification for civil engineering construction –
Section DB: Earthworks (pipe trenches).

SANS 1200-L (SABS 1200-L), Standardized specification for civil engineering construction –
Section L: Medium-pressure pipelines.

SANS 1200-LB (SABS 1200-LB), Standardized specification for civil engineering construction –
Section LB: Bedding (pipes).

SANS 1200-LD (SABS 1200-LD), Standardized specification for civil engineering construction –
Section LD: Sewers.

SANS 1200-LE (SABS 1200-LE), Standardized specification for civil engineering construction –
Section LE: Stormwater drainage.

SANS 1200-LG (SABS 1200-LG), Standardized specification for civil engineering construction –
Section LG: Pipe jacking.

SANS 4633, Rubber seals – Joint rings for water supply, drainage and sewerage pipelines –
Specification for materials. Amdt 4

SANS 10120-2-DB (SABS 10120-2-DB), Code of practice for use with standardized specifications
for civil engineering construction and contract documents – Part 2: Project specification: Section
DB: Earthworks (pipe trenches). Amdt 3

SANS 10120-2-L (SABS 10120-3-L), Code of practice for use with standardized specifications for
civil engineering construction and contract documents – Part 2: Project specification: Section L:
Medium-pressure pipelines. Amdt 3

SANS 10120-2-LB (SABS 10120-2-LB), Code of practice for use with standardized specifications
for civil engineering construction and contract documents – Part 2: Project specification: Section LB:
Bedding (Pipes). Amdt 3

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SANS 10120-2-LD (SABS 10120-2-LD), Code of practice for use with standardized specifications
for civil engineering construction and contract documents – Part 2: Project specification: Section LD:
Sewers. Amdt 3

SANS 10120-2-LE (SABS 10120-2-LE), Code of practice for use with standardized specifications
for civil engineering construction and contract documents – Part 2: Project specification: Section LE:
Stormwater drainage. Amdt 3

SANS 10120-2-LG (SABS 10120-2-LG), Code of practice for use with standardized specifications
for civil engineering construction and contract documents – Part 2: Project specification: Section
LG:Pipe jacking. Amdt 3

SANS 10120-3-DB (SABS 10120-3-DB), Code of practice for use with standardized specifications
for civil engineering construction and contract documents – Part 3: Guidance for design: Section
DB: Earthworks (Pipe trenches). Amdt 3

SANS 10120-3-L (SABS 101020-3-L), Code of practice for use with standardized specifications for
civil engineering construction and contract documents – Part 3: Guidance for design: Section L:
Medium-pressure pipelines. Amdt 3

SANS 10120-3-LB (SABS 10120-3-LB), Code of practice for use with standardized specifications
for civil engineering construction and contract documents – Part 3: Guidance for design: Section LB:
Bedding (pipes). Amdt 3

SANS 10120-3-LG (SABS 10120-3-LG), Code of practice for use with standardized specifications
for civil engineering construction and contract documents – Part 3: Guidance for design: Section
LG: Pipe jacking. Amdt 3

SANS 10120-3-DB (SABS 10120-3-DB), Code of practice for use with standardized specifications
for civil engineering construction and contract documents – Part 3: Guidance for design: Section
DB: Earthworks (Pipe trenches). Amdt 3

SANS 10120-5-DB (SABS 10120-5-DB), Code of practice for use with standardized specifications
for civil engineering construction and contract documents – Part 5: Contract administration: Section
DB: Earthworks (pipe trenches). Amdt 3

SANS 10120-5-L (SABS 10120-5-L), Code of practice for use with standardized specifications for
civil engineering construction and contract documents – Part 5: Contract administration: Section L:
Medium-pressure pipelines. Amdt 3

SANS 10120-5-LB (SABS 10120-5-LB), Code of practice for use with standardized specifications
for civil engineering construction and contract documents – Part 5: Contract administration: Section
LB: Bedding (pipes). Amdt 3

SANS 10120-5-LD (SABS 10120-5-LD), Code of practice for use with standardized specifications
for civil engineering construction and contract documents – Part 5: Contract administration: Section
LD: Sewers. Amdt 3

SANS 10120-5-LE (SABS 10120-5-LE), Code of practice for use with standardized specifications
for civil engineering construction and contract documents – Part 5: Contract administration: Section
LE: Stormwater drainage. Amdt 3

SANS 10120-5-LG (SABS 10120-5-LG), Code of practice for use with standardized specifications
for civil engineering construction and contract documents – Part 5: Contract administration: Section
LG: Pipe jacking. Amdt 3

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SANS 9001/ISO 9001, Quality management systems. Amdt 2

SABS 0157, Quality management systems. Amdt 2

SANS 50197-1/EN 197-1, Cement Part 1: Composition, specifications and conformity criteria for
common cements. Amdt 3

SABS ISO 9001, Quality systems – Model for quality assurance in design, development, production,
installation and servicing. Amdt 3

SABS ISO 9002, Qualitty systems – Model for quality assurance in production, installation and
servicing. Amdt 3

Appendix B

Notes to purchasers

B.1 The following requirements must be specified in tender invitations and in each order or
contract:

a) The type of pipe and the type of joint and whether the pipe is to be reinforced or unreinforced
(see 4.1);

b) When relevant, that SC type pipes shall not have lifting holes (see note to 4.1.3(a));

c) The nominal internal diameter (see 4.2.1);

d) The nominal effective length (see 4.2.2);

e) The minimum cover, if other than as specified (see 4.2.5); and

f) The D-load designation (see 4.4).

B.2 In addition and, if necessary, the following should be stated:

a) whether pipes must have a low content of material insoluble in hydrochloric acid and the
percentage of insolubles if less than 25 %;

b) whether or not the pipes should be manufactured using dolomitic aggregate, sulphate resisting
cement of any other special material; and

c) the thickness of a sacrificial layer for the specified alkalinity.

B.3 The attention of the purchaser is drawn to the fact that, if required, a sampling plan must be
agreed upon between himself and the manufacturer (see appendix E).

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Appendix C

Method for determining the amount of material

in calcareous aggregate concrete that is
insoluble in hydrochloric acid

C.1 Procedure
Take a representative 300 g to 400 g sample of the concrete and crush it in a ball mill or with the aid
of a mortar and pestle so that the sample passes through a sieve of nominal aperture size 500 µm.
Cone and quarter the sample until approximately 50 g remains. Crush this further until the sample
passes through a sieve of nominal aperture size 150 µm, dry in an oven at 100 °C to 110 °C for 2 h,
and cool to room temperature in a desiccator.

Weigh approximately 5 g of the dried, crushed concrete into a 600 mL beaker. Add approximately
200 mL of distilled water and mix thoroughly.

While stirring, slowly add 25 mL to 30 mL of concentrated hydrochloric acid and allow the mixture to
boil for 5 min to 10 min. Maintain a constant volume by adding distilled water. Digest for 1 h at just
below boiling point, then filter through a tared open-textured filter paper and wash with 10 mL
portions of hot distilled water until the washings are free from chlorides. Place the filter paper and
residue in a tared crucible and dry to constant mass in an oven at 100 °C to 110 °C.

Conduct a blank determination, using the same amounts of reagents (in order to determine the loss
in mass of the filter paper).

C.2 Calculation
Calculate the percentage of matter insoluble in hydrochloric acid as follows:

Insoluble matter, %(m/m) =

(m2 − m4 ) − m3 (100 − m5 ) × 100
m1
where

m1 = mass of sample, g

m2 = mass of residue, filter paper and crucible, g

m3 = original mass of dry filter paper, g

m4 = mass of crucible, g

m5 = loss in mass of filter paper, %(m/m)

m 6 − (m 7 − m 8 )
= × 100
m6
where

m6 = original mass of dry filter paper used in blank determination, g

m7 = mass of filter paper and crucible as determined in blank determination, g

m8 = mass of crucible used in blank determination, g.

19
SANS 677:2010
Edition 3.4

Appendix D

Notes on the inspection of pipes

D.1 Occasional imperfections in a pipe may be rectified, provided that the repairs are sound and
properly finished and cured and that the repaired pipe complies with the requirements of this
specification.

D.2 If the pipes are stacked under excessive temperatures in the factory or on site for a period
exceeding 4 weeks, they tend to develop cracks due to thermal stresses. If such pipes can still pass
the hydraulic pressure test they should be considered acceptable as autogenous healing will take
place after the pipes have been laid. In order to limit the development of these cracks, it is important
to keep the pipes moist. This can be achieved by making use of water sprays or by coating the
pipes with an approved curing compound.

Appendix E

Quality evaluation of concrete non-pressure pipes

produced to the requirements laid down in the
specification

E.1 Quality verification

E.1.1 When a purchaser requires ongoing verification of the quality of concrete non-pressure
pipes, it is suggested that, instead of concentrating solely on evaluation of the final product, he also
direct his attention to the manufacturer’s quality. In this connection it should be noted that
SANS 9001 covers the provision of an integrated quality management system. Amdt 2; amdt 3

E.1.2 If no information about the implementation of quality control or testing during manufacture is
available to help in assessing the quality of a consignment, and a purchaser wishes to establish by
inspection and testing of samples of the final product whether a consignment of the pipes produced
to this specification complies with its requirements, a sampling plan based on applicable statistical
tables should be agreed upon between the manufacturer and the purchaser. Amdt 4

It must be noted that

a) such a sampling plan applies to fully manufactured products only; and

b) a consignment that in terms of the plan is deemed to comply with the specification could contain
defective pipes to an extent proportional to that permitted by the relevant acceptance number(s)
given in the sampling table.

© SABS

20
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