KELOMPOK AUSTRALIA
Nama kelompok
1. Margareta Rosdahlia Embur
(2311511109)
2. Yohana Anggreyani Suardi
(2311511097)
3. Gabriela Paskalia Laoth
(2311511105)
4. Kelviano Semat
(2311511131)
5. Redemtus Putra Secendei Jam
(2311511096)
6. Yanoarius Glen Nggagur
(2311511095)
a. The history of Australia
People first arrived on the Australian mainland by sea from Maritime Southeast Asia between
50,000 and 65,000 years ago, and penetrated to all parts of the continent, from the rainforests
in the north, the deserts of the centre, and the sub-Antarctic islands of Tasmania and Bass
Strait. The artistic, musical and spiritual traditions they established are among the longest
surviving such traditions in human history.
The first Torres Strait Islanders – ethnically and culturally distinct from the Aboriginal
people – arrived from what is now Papua New Guinea around 2,500 years ago, and settled in
the islands of the Torres Strait and the Cape York Peninsula forming the northern tip of the
Australian landmass.
The first known landing in Australia by Europeans was in 1606 by Dutch navigator Willem
Janszoon on Australia's northern coast. Later that year, Spanish explorer Luís Vaz de Torres
sailed through, and navigated, what is now called Torres Strait and associated islands.
Twenty-nine other Dutch navigators explored the western and southern coasts in the 17th
century and named the continent New Holland. Macassan trepangers visited Australia's
northern coasts after 1720, possibly earlier. Other European explorers followed until, in 1770,
Lieutenant James Cook charted the east coast of Australia and claimed it for Great Britain.
He returned to London with accounts favouring colonisation at Botany Bay (now in Sydney).
The First Fleet of British ships arrived at Botany Bay in January 1788 to establish a penal
colony, the first colony on the Australian mainland. In the century that followed, the British
established other colonies on the continent, and European explorers ventured into its interior.
Aboriginal people were greatly weakened and their numbers diminished by introduced
diseases and conflict with the colonists during this period.
Gold rushes and agricultural industries brought prosperity. Transportation of British convicts
to Australia was phased out from 1840 to 1868. Autonomous parliamentary democracies
began to be established throughout the six British colonies from the mid-19th century. The
colonies voted by referendum to unite in a federation in 1901, and modern Australia came
into being. Australia fought as part of British Empire and later Commonwealth in the two
world wars and was to become a long-standing ally of the United States when threatened by
Imperial Japan during World War II. Trade with Asia increased and a post-war immigration
program received more than 6.5 million migrants from every continent. Supported by
immigration of people from almost every country in the world since the end of World War II,
the population increased to more than 25.5 million by 2020, with 30 per cent of the
population born overseas.
b. climate
•Subtropical humid climate
subtropical climate area is located between Line and 35°LS, namely between the highlands
and the coast in the eastern part of Australia.
Rain falls in all seasons, and most of the rain falls in the rainy season
hot. Average rainfall is 500 to 1,500 mm per year. In summer it is hot and in winter it is very
cold. The average annual temperature ranges between 16°C and 21°C.
•Subtropical semi-arid climate
This climate is found in highland areas far to the west where rainfall is reduced. This rainfall
is still sufficient to grow grass on grassy plains. Native animals such as kangaroos thrive in
the area which also supports sheep rearing and wheat farming.
•Temperate climate
There are two types of temperate climate in Australia, namely the climate in coastal areas of
Australia, including Tasmania, and the climate in southwest and southern Australia
•The climate is temperate and humid
This climate is found in eastern Australia between the highlands and the coast. Here it rains
all year round with an average of between 500 and 1000 mm. More rain falls in the highlands
than on the coast. In summer the air is hot and in winter the air is cool. Average annual
temperatures range between 10° and 16°C. In winter it usually snows in the Snow Mountains.
•Humid and dry temperate climate
This climate is found in two areas in southwest Australia around the cities of Perth and in
South Australia near the city of Adelaide. In summer it is very hot and dry, and in winter it is
cool and rainy. The rain was carried by winds blowing from the west after crossing the Indian
Ocean and Southern Ocean. The average annual temperature ranges between 16°C and 21°C.
Annual rainfall is between 250 and 500 m
c. typical entertainments
-RECREATION PARK AT GOLD COAST
The Gold Coast is the ‘theme park capital of Australia’ with plenty of options to appeal
to all ages.From the world's highest and fastest thrill rides, to parks where you can see
Australia's native wildlife, or splash around in swimming pools and water slides; You can
find it all on the Gold Coast. Meet your favorite movie characters and superheroes; or swim
with dolphins and sharks.
-DREAMWORLD
Dreamworld is Australia's largest theme park, and visiting there is like visiting several
worlds at once. Dreamworld is characterized by a variety of rides, shows and tourist
attractions, including The Tower of Terror 2, which is one of the highest and fastest thrill
rides in the world. Visit Tiger Island, where Bengali and Sumatran tigers play with their
handlers. At the ‘Australian Wildlife Experience’ you can see more than 500 native
Australian animals. Challenge yourself on Flowrider, which is the perfect combination of
surfing, skateboarding and body boarding. Drewmworld is right next to WhiteWater World.
-WHITEWATER WORLD
has some of the best water attractions in the world, including the four highest water slides.
Rent a private cabana for your family and escape the tropical heat of Queensland while
enjoying the adventure of thrilling rides like The Wedgie, The Rip and Pipeline Plunge.
-WET'N'WILD
Australia's largest water park and combines the latest in powerful water slides with relaxing
pools for the whole family. Glide down seven stories on the speed coaster or relax in the
giant wave pool. There are also 20 acres of subtropical shady gardens for relaxing.
-WARNER BROS. MOVIE WORLD
a place where your favorite movies come true. Meet the stars and ride thrilling rollercoaster
rides like the Green Lantern Roller Coaster and Superman Escape, as well as other rides
based on your favorite Warner Bros. movie characters and superheroes. Meet your favorite
Looney Tunes characters in the Kids' Fun Zone, like Bugs Bunny and Daffy Duck.
-SEA WORLD
more than just rides, tourist attractions and exciting shows. Sea World is also committed to
marine research and rescue, and is a place where visitors can learn about and come into
contact with a wide variety of marine wildlife. Watch the educational Our World of the
Dolphin show; polar bears and penguins swim underwater; and see fierce sharks up close.
The Sea World Resort and Water Resort, which is connected by monorail to the Sea World
theme park, is the only theme park hotel in Australia.
d. sport
Australian rules football or Aussie Rules) is a type of football sport typical of Australia. The
highest professional competition, the Australian Football League (AFL), which is held
annually and is attended by 16 teams, is the most popular professional sports competition in
Australia
e. culture in Australia
1. Aboriginal tribe
are an indigenous tribe that has inhabited the continent and its surroundings for 70,000 years.
This tribe speaks more than 250 different languages and dialects
2. Boomerang
is a traditional weapon typical of aboriginal tribes, which has been discovered decades ago.
This weapon is a throwing weapon usually used for hunting.
3. Tiwi dance
is a traditional aboriginal dance. This dance is performed with strong movements, where each
change of movement must be done precisely in accordance with the stroke of the musical
instrument
4. Didgeridoo
is a traditional musical instrument that is thousands of years old. This musical instrument has
a long and slightly conical shape. The didgeridoo has a distinctive sound, depending on the
skill of the blower
5. Yabun festival
is Australia's largest indigenous festival. This festival, which lasts only one day, can attract
around 10,000 to 15,000 spectators on an Australian day. This festival is one of the most
important indigenous music events in Kangaroo Country
Religion in Australia
1. Kristen 43,9%
2. Atheis 38,9%
f. AUSTRALIAN LANDSCAPES
1. Uluru-Kata Tjuta National Park.
Uluru ,everyone will recognize 'The Rock', the massive sandstone monolith that represents
the spiritual heart of the Australian continent. But the collection of 36 boulders known as
Kata Tjuta is no less spectacular. These two rock formations dotted across the deep red
expanse of Central Australia near Alice Springs are sacred to local Indigenous people and
inspiring to visitors.
2. Hamelin Pool
Hamelin Pool located within World Heritage-listed Shark Bay eight hours north of Perth,
this marine reserve is worth every minute of the drive. Hamelin Pool contains the world's
largest and most diverse collection of stromatolites – 'living fossils' dating back a mind-
boggling 3.7 billion years. Specially designed jetties and boardwalks allow visitors to admire
the stromatolites from above without spoiling the view.
3.The Pinnacles
The Pinnacles these ancient desert statues are the kind you can only find in the Australian
desert, rising from the bright yellow sands of Nambung National Park north of Perth. Dotted
in the terrain like tombstones, The Pinnacles are limestone pillars made of seashells dating
back millions of years to when the ocean covered the land, before extensive weathering
forged this otherworldly landscape.
4. 12 Apostles
The 12 Apostles on the Great Ocean Road this towering pile of limestone rises from the
Southern Ocean like a statue, providing a highlight of the Great Ocean Road, Australia's most
scenic tourist route. Against the backdrop of the 70-meter (229-feet) cliffs of Port Campbell
National Park, the 12 Apostles were formed 10 – 20 million years ago when the sea eroded
the soft limestone – visit at sunrise or sunset to catch them in their misty, sun-kissed best.
5. Wave Rock
Wave Rock this West Australian landmark looks like something from another planet, with
erosion carving out a 15-meter-high (49 ft), 110-meter-long (360 ft) granite cliff that looks
like something Kelly Slater or Mick Fanning had to ride on a surfboard. This incredible sight
is a three-hour drive southeast of Perth and is surrounded by nature reserve, Hyden Wildlife
Park, as well as the nearby rock formations Hippo's Yawn and The Humps
