CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION

DCC40132
PROJECT MANAGEMENT AND PRACTICES
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 PROJECT

“A unique set of co-ordinated activities, with definite

starting and finishing points, undertaken by an
individual or organization to meet specific objectives
within defined schedule, cost and performance
parameters”
BS 6079-1 ‘Guide to Project Management

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 PROJECT

“A temporary endeavour undertaken to create

a unique product, service or result”
Project Management Institute :

Project Management Body of Knowledge

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 PROJECT VS NON PROJECT

PROJECT ORGANIZATION FUNCTIONAL / LINE ORGANIZATION

Building a house Manufacturing bricks

Designing a car Mass producing cars

Organizing a party Serving a drink

Setting up a filing system Doing the filing

Building a factory Producing television

Introducing new mobile operating system Operating mobile game server

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 PROJECT FUNDAMENTAL CRITERIA

1. Completed on time

2. Accomplished within the budget

3. Meet prescribed quality

requirement SAFETY

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 PROJECT CHARACTERISTICS

Specific
Objectives

Risk and
Uncertainty Unique

PROJECTS

Diverse
Temporary
disciplines

Managing
Resources

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 PROJECT MANAGEMENT CONCEPT

“The art of getting things done through the efforts of

other people”

(P. Graham: Mary Parker Follett: Prophet of

Management)

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 PROJECT MANAGEMENT CONCEPT

“Management is an organization in which different class of

people work together to produce qualitative and
economical products with available resources such as
capital, material and etc.”

(B.L Gupta & Amit Gupta : Construction Management and

Machinery)

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 PROJECT MANAGEMENT CONCEPT

“The overall planning, control and coordination

of a project from inception to the completion, to
meet customer needs and to ensure projects are
completed within predetermined time and
quality of work.

-Charted Institute of Building (CIOB)-

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 MANAGEMENT CHARACTERISTICS

1. It’s ongoing process or activity

2. Management objective is to achieve organizational

goals

3. It’s focused on work performance, i.e., to ensure

effective & efficient utilization of resource.

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 CONSTRUCTION MANAGEMENT

On a practical & simple level:

“Construction management maybe considered as making sure

that people are delivering what they should be delivering, on
time, to the required quality, within set budget, to necessary
health safety & environmental standards”

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 CONSTRUCTION MANAGEMENT DEFINITION

“Construction management (CM) entails the planning, scheduling,

evaluation, and controlling of construction tasks or activities to
accomplish specific objectives by effectively allocating and utilizing
appropriate labour, material, and time resources in a manner that
minimizes costs and maximizes customer/owner satisfaction.”

Charles Patrick:
Construction Project Planning and Scheduling.

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CONSTRUCTION MANAGEMENT CHARACTERISTICS

Different
Unique design
location

Huge cost

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 UNIQUE DESIGN

• Building function

• Client or consultant preferences

• Financial allocation

• Construction duration

• Legal requirements

• Local culture.
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 DIFFERENT LOCATION

• Different location different need in terms of technical and

management aspect.

• Different types of terrain/topography.

• Can influence organization performance.

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 HUGE COST

• Workplace facility require huge cost.

• Needs to be managed properly to avoid errors.

• Every resources need to be managed optimally to produce

quality facility.

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THE BENEFIT / IMPORTANCE OF PROJECT
MANAGEMENT

• Facilitates control at all levels & make project progress

more visible.
• Timely delivery of project & hand over client
• Provides effective & systematic communication
• Secure client trust & satisfaction.
• Sustained long term customer relationship.
• Maintain higher staff morale
• Secure high profit and improve productivity.
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PARTIES INVOLVED DURING
CONSTRUCTION

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 OWNER / CLIENT

 The person/organisation who want to

implement the project.

Project can be private or public use.

Owner must have sufficient funds either from his

own savings or loans from financial institution.

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 OWNER / CLIENT FUNCTION

 Funding the project.

 Provide idea and information to consultant.

 Have the authority to appoint Nominated

Subcontractor (NSC).

 Obtaining approval for the project from

relevant authorities.

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 PROJECT MANAGER

A project manager may be defined as:

“The individual who has the responsibility,

authority and accountability assigned to him or
her to achieve safely the project objectives
within agreed time, cost and quality criteria”

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 PROJECT MANAGER ROLE

• Administer & manage a project

• Led the project team to finish the project within the
predetermined quality, scope time and cost.
• Make the final decision and take the risk.
• Perform basic managerial function (plan, organize, direct &
control).
• Coordinate activities
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 PROJECT MANAGER ROLE

• Make recommendations on projects.

• Set the design, drawings and spec for tender and

constructions.

• Prepare all estimations (time, cost etc.)

• Administer all contract and certificate / licenses and etc.

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 PROJECT MANAGER ROLE

Among the things that should be monitored by

Project Manager are:
1. Time
2. Cost
3. Quality
4. Environment
5. Human resources
6. Safety
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 PROJECT MANAGER CRITERIA

• Possess the field knowledge and experience.

• Have practical experience in project

management.

• Good track record and reliable.

• Possess the following skill/knowledge:

• Technical knowledge

• Soft skill / people skill

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 CONTRACTOR

 Group of builders selected through a tender process.

 Perform & supervise construction work.

 Contractor can be :
i. Main contractor

ii. Sub-contractor
 Domestic Sub-contractor

 Nominated Sub-contractor

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 ARCHITECT

 Prepare sketches and carefully examine all aspects to

produce an attractive and comfortable building.

 Prepare plan for authority approvals.

 Ensure the design comply with laws and regulations.

 Act as management representatives to monitor and

leading a construction project.

 Prepare sketch plan, architecture plan and etc.

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 OTHERS

Discuss the roles of the following professions in civil engineering

construction.

 Land surveyor

 Quantity surveyor

 Engineer.

 Site Supervisor

 Health & Safety officer

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 RELEVANT AUTHORITIES

 Local council

 Telecommunication

 Electricity

 Fire Department

 Public Work Department

 Department of Environment

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 IMPLEMENTATION OF
CONSTRUCTION MANAGEMENT

There are 3 types of construction project:

1. Traditional method / Design Bid Build

2. Design and built method

3. Turnkey method

4. Build operate transfer

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 TRADITIONAL METHOD

• The client first appoint consultant to:

• design project,
• prepare tender documentation (drawing, work schedule & bill of quantities)

• Contractors are then invited to submit tenders for the project.

• Normally one consultant will be appointed to administer the contract.

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 TRADITIONAL METHOD

• Usually, lump sump and BQ contracts.

• Suitable for both experienced and inexperienced

clients.

• Considered to be low risk method of contracting for

the client

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 TRADITIONAL METHOD

CLIENT CONTRACTOR CLIENT

• Planning • Operation
• Construction
• Design • Maintenance
• Procurement

CLIENT

DESIGN
CONTRACTOR
TEAM

SUBCONTRACTOR 1 SUBCONTRACTOR 2
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TRADITIONAL METHOD CHARACTERISTICS

RESPONSIBILITY

CLIENT/OWNER CONSULTANT CONTRACTOR

Construction and failure

Professional & Design and any design
or flaw caused by
contractual. failure or flaw.
construction.

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TURNKEY AND DESIGN & BUILT METHOD

CONTRACTOR CONTRACTOR CLIENT

• Planning
• Construction • Operation
• Design
• Maintenance
• Procurement

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TURNKEY AND DESIGN & BUILT METHOD

CLIENT

CLIENT
CONSULTANT

DESIGN & BUILT

CONTRACTOR

SUBCONTRACTOR DESIGN TEAM

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 DESIGN & BUILT METHOD

• Procurement route in which the main contractor is

appointed to design and construct.

• Contractor are paid based on interim basis.

• Client will deal with 1 organization that responsible

for every aspect of project.

• The organization could be 1 company or

partnership between different firm.

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 DESIGN & BUILT METHOD

• Allow the owner of the property collaborate

with designers and contractors to design and
build their project.

• D&B projects follow the owners’ schedule and

budget, and owners have control over what
decisions get made regarding design choices,
schedule, spending and more.

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 TURNKEY METHOD
• An organization is responsible for design, construct and fund
the cost of project.

• Client will make the payment after the project is finish. (when
contractor “turn the key” to client)

• The client has less say over the design of the project and
the contractor takes more risk.

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 TURNKEY METHOD

• Generally, Turnkey contracts are used on engineering

and infrastructure projects, or industrial projects, where
the aesthetics of design might be considered less
important to the client than performance and cost
certainty.

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