BOOK II

SARASAS AFFILIATED SCHOOLS

Social Studies Grade 7
All rights reserved.
No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval
system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic,
mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior
permission of the publishers.
Foreword:
By Dr. Chamrat Nongmak

When talking about bilingual education in private elementary and secondary

schools in Thailand, discussion invariably tends to focus on Sarasas Affiliated Schools, a
large group of private schools that was formerly owned and administered by the late Mr.
Peboon Yongkamol. Mr. Peboon, a well-known and respected educator, was a leading
pioneer of the bilingual education concept here in Thailand. These schools provide a
benchmark and a showcase for bilingual education in Thailand. Many school proprietors,
directors, and managers make it a point to visit Sarasas Affiliated Schools seeking advice
and guidance from a successful leader in the field of bilingual education.
Sarasas programs for teaching students both in English and in Thai have been
carefully planned and developed step by step. One of the toughest challenges Sarasas
has had to face has been finding the necessary texts and materials for teaching Thai
subjects in English. This is because a bilingual school, like any other Thai school, needs
government approval to operate and must teach the curriculum mandated by the Ministry
of Education. Unfortunately, the materials needed for teaching Thai subjects in English are
not readily available. Publishers do little to support this need because the concept is still
fairly new and the demand is small. This has forced Sarasas to create its own texts and
materials.
Sarasas has been more fortunate though, than most other schools struggling to
develop their own bilingual program. It already has bilingual education experience, a
qualified staff and the resources necessary to produce its own high-quality textbooks
and materials. The staff, of course, is the most important ingredient. Sarasas’ large, well-
seasoned staff of highly competent, well qualified and dedicated teaching professionals,
both Thai and native speakers of English, gives it a unique advantage over others
attempting to produce these much-needed materials.
Even so, it has not been an easy task. The materials have been produced through
the careful process of research and development. Revision or total change is done when
those materials are proven to be inadequate. The people involved in developing these
textbooks or workbooks are classroom teachers. They are the ones who will have to teach
with the same materials they have helped to create. Knowing this gives them a greater
incentive to do it right.
The teams of classroom teachers responsible for classroom material development
operate under the close supervision of the Sarasas Board of Executives.
 One of the roles of the board is to assure proper quality control by collecting
and carefully evaluating the actual work done by students using the new materials.
They make certain that the students are able to understand the material and use them
effectively. One of the things they check for, is whether the level of English used in
the books is appropriate for the students’ level of English. The board also makes certain
that the content of the material is in accordance with the approved syllabus. The Social
Studies books have been developed through this process.
This book is not only useful for teachers but also for parents and guardians.
Its purpose is to encourage and support students in their quest for knowledge and
understanding of Social Studies, as well as stimulate their interest and improve their
skills. Each unit provides an introduction to the material, a list of new words the student
will encounter, problem solving examples to help the student better understand how to
do the work, oral exercises, and a review of what was learned.
This new Social Studies material will provide students with a greater international
perspective and understanding of Social Studies and social studies terminology, which
will benefit them greatly in later life. This said, I would like to take this opportunity to thank
those responsible for developing this material and offer my sincere congratulations for
a job well done.

Chamrat Nongmak, PhD.

Former Deputy Permanent Secretary
The Ministry of Education
 PREFACE

This Social Studies textbook has been developed for bilingual learners based on
the B.E. 2560 (A.D. 2017) revised version of Thailand’s Basic Education Core Curriculum
B.E. 2551 (A.D.2008). The content of this book follows the Basic Social Studies
for Grade 7 written by the Institute of Academic Development.
This textbook aims to enhance students’ abilities needed in the 21st century.
These include analytical skills, creativity, and collaborative skills.
At the beginning of each unit of this textbook, a useful vocabulary list is provided
to learners. Examples demonstrate to students how to apply the information they have
learnt to solve related problems. Exercises and activities follow that allow for immediate
practice. At the end of each unit, a summary of the key learning concepts along with
a revision exercise is provided to help students consolidate what they have learned.

Author,
Sarasas Affiliated Schools
March 2022
 2
CONTENTS Semes
ter

GEOGRAPHY Page

WEEK 1 - 10
CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION TO GEOGRAPHY 1

CHAPTER 2 ASIA 36

HISTORY Page

WEEK 11 - 20
CHAPTER 3 THE HISTORY OF SOUTHEAST ASIA 66

APPENDIX Page

GLOSSARY 90

DICTATION 98
INTRODUCTION TO
GEOGRAPHY Chapter 1
What is geography?
What is the purpose of this introduction
to geography?

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Words to learn Date: …./.…/….....

Picture Word Meaning

The action of sharing

Distribution (n.) something out among a
number of recipients.

The envelope of gases

Atmosphere (n.) surrounding the earth or
another planet.

The surroundings or
conditions in which a person,
Environment (n.) animal, or plant lives or
operates.

It typically refers to the

number of people in a single
Population (n.) area, whether it be a city
or town, region, country,
continent, or the world.

The study of things on Earth

Geography (n.) such as landscapes and
environments.

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1.1 What is geography?

Geography is the study of things on Earth such as landscapes

and environments. It is the study of the physical features of the
earth and its atmosphere, and of human activity as it affects and
is affected by these, including the distribution of populations and
resources and political and economic activities.
Geographers study the Earth and the
distribution of its land, features, and
inhabitants. They also examine political or
cultural structures and study the physical
and human geographic characteristics of
regions ranging in scale from local to global.

Hands on Activity Date: …./.…/….....

Instructions : Read the content of geography to answer the
questions below.
1. What is geography?

2. What is the difference between political and economic activities?

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3. What are the three main types of photographs used in geography?

4. How many types of maps are there? What are they?

Hands on Activity Date: …./.…/….....

Instructions : Choose the given words to fill in the blank.
Distribution Environment Geography Atmosphere

1._____________ The study of things on Earth such as landscapes

and environments.
2._____________ The surroundings or conditions in which a person,
animal, or plant lives or operates.
3._____________ The envelope of gases surrounding the earth or
another planet.
4.____________ The action of sharing something out among
a number of recipients.

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Words to learn Date: …./.…/….....

Picture Word Meaning

The action of speaking or
Representation acting on behalf of someone
(n.) or the state of being so
represented.

The way in which two or

more people or things are
Relationship (n.) connected, or the state of
being connected

It is very small of its kind

Miniature (adj.) or a very small copy of an
object.

The art or practice of

Architecture (n.) designing and constructing
buildings.

To go from one place to

Travel (v.) another or to make a journey,
usually over a long distance.

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1.2 Maps in Geography

1.2.1 What is the importance of map in geography?
A map is the visual representation of a region and it highlights
the relationships between objects, themes and regions. Maps
are very important in various ways. Maps are used in many fields
of study like architecture, space, DNA mapping, Brain mapping,
Computer field etc. Maps give a very quick view of a detailed
document. In the case of the map of a region, it gives a miniature
picture of large area. By viewing a map you can understand the
routes even if you have never visited a place. Moreover, map
can be your best travel guide even if you travel to any new place.

1.2.2 Why do you study the maps on Geography?

Maps present information about the world in a simple, visual
way. They teach about the world by showing sizes and shapes of
countries, locations of features, and distances between places.
Maps can show distributions of things over
Earth, such as settlement patterns.
Do you know how to get to the Royal
Palace in Bangkok? If not, you may need
something to help you. It’s a piece of paper
filled with lines, letters and symbols. It tells
you where places are. It also tells you the
distance between places and some other
details about those places. It is called a map.

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The study of maps and globes

also increases critical and abstract
thinking skills that will help students
as they progress in school. When
students know how to read maps
and globes, they will be able to see
the world in a new light.

Hands on Activity Date: …./.…/….....

Instructions : Read the content of the Maps in Geography to
answer the questions below.
1. What do the maps show on Geography?

2. How can the maps help the students?

3. What do you call the piece of paper that tell you where places
are, distance between places and other details about places.

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 Chapter 1

Words to learn Date: …./.…/….....

Picture Word Meaning

A place where meals
Restaurant (n.) are prepared and served to
customers.

Facts provided or learned

Information (n.) about something or
someone.

A map, especially one

designed for motorists,
Road map (n.) showing the roads of a
country or area.

A type of thin book with

large pages and a paper
cover that contains articles
Magazine (n.) and photographs and is
published every week or
month
A regularly printed
publication or document
(usually issued daily or
weekly) consisting of folded
Newspaper (n.) unstapled sheets and
containing news, articles,
advertisements, and
correspondence.

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1.3 Types of maps

Maps come in different types. Each one

has got a special purpose. Knowing the
different types of maps helps you when
reading maps. You will understand and
get a lot of information from them.

1.3.1 Road map

Have you got all the correct answers? This “road map” of
Imperial Park tells you about roads and places nearby.
You can find other maps for shops and restaurants in magazines
or newspapers.

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Hands on Activity Date: …./.…/….....

Instructions : Complete the passage with the answers.
The map can help you.

Imperial Park is a science park located on a road called the

__(1)__ .The area is near the town of__(2)__ . It sits on the__(3)__
side of the Bristol Channel.

1) a) M6 b) M5 c) M4
2) a) Cardiff b) Newport c) Bristol
3) a) south b) north c) west

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1.3.2 Political map

You will get good help from the “political map” above. It shows
where each country is. A more detailed political map also shows
regions and provinces. Sometimes a map can be both a political
map and a road map. It has many lines and names to read.

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Hands on Activity Date: …./.…/….....

Instructions : Look at the map carefully to answer

the questions below.

1. Which country doesn’t have a coast on the sea?

2. Which country is in the south of Thailand?

3. Which countries border China?

4. Which countries have borders with Laos?

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1.3.3 Population map

www.mapsontheweb.zoom-maps.com

This colorful “population

map” can tell you about
population in Asia. This map
shows you the population
density over Asia. As you
can see, the red areas have
a high density of people.

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Hands on Activity Date: …./.…/….....

Instructions : Look at the map above carefully to answer

the questions below.

1. What is a Population Map?

2. What can we learn from the world population map?

3. What color that shows the population density on the map?

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1.3.4 Topographic map

www.earthobservatory.nasa.gov

This is an “topographic map” of Bali,

a very beautiful island in Indonesia.
This map doesn’t show you any
roads or names of places. Instead it
shows you the physical geography
of Bali : the surface, height of land
etc. From the map you can see that
Bali has got volcanoes,
mountains and forests.

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Hands on Activity Date: …./.…/….....

Instructions : Look at the pictures carefully to Complete

the words describing the physical geography
found in Bali.

V_____________ M_____________ F_____________

Hands on Activity Date: …./.…/….....

Singapore, an island-country south of Malaysia, is small but

really interesting. It’s famous for being very clean and having
an excellent infrastructure. Singaporean people are hard-working.
They are very good at doing business.

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Instructions : Draw lines to match these different maps of Singapore

with the correct map types.

road map

www.mapsland.com

topographic map

www.mapsland.com

political map

www.mapsland.com

population map

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Hands on Activity Date: …./.…/….....

Instructions : Complete the dialogue with the given words.
road topographic population political
Mr. Mushroom is looking for a map of Hong Kong. The shopkeeper
is helping him. It seems he knows a lot about maps.
Shopkeeper : Hello may I help you?
Mr. Mushroom : Yes. I’m looking for a map of Hong Kong.
Shopkeeper : This is a good map of Hong Kong. It tells you
about the physical geography of Hong Kong.
Mr. Mushroom : No thanks, I’m not interested in a map.
I’m looking for a map showing me about roads
and places to visit.
Shopkeeper : Oh! Right! A map! Here you are!
A complete road map of Hong Kong. It is also a
good map.It show you countries that
border Hong Kong.
Mr. Mushroom : It’s a nice one, but the letters are so small.
Can I have the one with bigger names and symbols?
Shopkeeper : Sure! By the way, a new map of
Hong Kong has just arrived. It tells you about the
population in this charming city. It may be helpful.
Sounds interesting. Can I have that too?
Mr. Mushroom : Thanks a lot for your help.
Shopkeeper : You’re welcome!

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 Chapter 1

Words to learn Date: …./.…/….....

Picture Word Meaning

A sign, shape, or object

Symbol (n.) that is used to represent
something else.

An organization or office
providing a regular public
Airline office (n.) service of air transport on
one or more routes.

A real or imagined line that

Boundary (n.) marks the edge or limit of
something

A wide road for fast-moving

Motorway (n.) traffic or a dual-carriageway
road designed for fast traffic.

A track made of steel rails

Railway (n.) along which trains run.

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1.4 Symbols used in maps

Many different symbols are used in maps because they

make maps easier to understand. They can be lines, letters or
pictures. It’s fun and interesting to learn about them. They help
you read maps easily and correctly. Symbols used in maps can
be different. Each map tells you the meanings of its symbols.

Example of symbols
used in a map
National capital
Town, village
 Major airport
International boundary
Expressway
Main road
Railroad
River
www.mapsland.com Canal
Bus terminal
A map had a key to explain the symbols. Information
Hospital
School

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Hands on Activity Date: …./.…/….....

Instructions : Match the words below with the symbols on
the right.

1) Post office a)

2) Shopping b)

3) Airline office c)

4) School d)

5) Bus terminal e)

6) Airport f)

7) Car park g)

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Words to learn Date: …./.…/….....

Picture Word Meaning

A picture produced by using

Photograph (n.) a camera.

The solid surface of the earth

Ground (n.) or the surface of the earth

The visible features of an

Landscape (n.) area of land.

Aerial (adj.) Operating in the air

A device sent up into

space to travel around the
Satellite (n.) earth, used for collecting
information.

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1.5 Photographs used in geography

“A picture is worth 1,000 words”. That means you can get
a lot of information from an image. Images are very useful in
studying geography.

Three main types of photographs used in geography are :

• landscape photographs
• aerial photographs
• satellite images

A landscape photograph of a building. Landscape photographs

are taken at ground level and show great detail in the picture.
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An aerial photograph of houses on a Spanish island. Aerial

photographs are taken from a great height above the ground.
They show a bigger area of land than a landscape photograph
but less detail.

A satellite image of
a hurricane. Satellite
images are taken from
satellites in space.
They show a large area
of the Earth’s surface
but less detail.

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Hands on Activity Date: …./.…/….....

Instructions : Read the content of the Maps in Geography to
answer the questions below.

(a) Bagana Volcano, (b) Bojnice castle, slovakia

Papua New Guinea
1)
A _ _ _ _ I photograph

2)
© Amboseli National Park L _ _ _ _ _ _ _ e photograph
(c) Amboseli Park, Kenya
3)
S_ _ _ _ _ _ _ e photograph

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Words to learn Date: …./.…/….....

Picture Word Meaning

Cause to occur or operate at

Synchronize (v.) the same time or rate.

A town in south-east London,

England, located in the
Greenwich (n.) historic county of Kent and
the ceremonial county of
Greater London.
The angular distance of a
place east or west of the
Greenwich meridian, or west
Longitude (n.) of the standard meridian of
a celestial object, usually
expressed in degrees and
minutes.
Prime An imaginary line between
Meridian the North Pole and the South
0 ํํ Meridian (n.) Pole, drawn on maps to help
to show the position of a
place.

To discover the exact size or

Measure (v.) amount of something

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1.6 Time Zones

1 am in the morning 1 pm in the afternoon

(01.00 am) (13.00 pm)

People in the world have different local time if they are in

different time zone. People who live in the east start the day
before the ones in the west as they see the sun first. That makes
local time in eastern countries faster than in western countries.
In order to synchronize the time in countries around the world,
a standard time in each area is set up. People know when to
contact their friends who live abroad. The time zone map on the
next page explains how this works.

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Do you know?

The Republic of Kiribati is the first country to see the sun
in a new day. It’s the eastern most country in the world.

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Add time zone number to local time to obtain UTC. WEST EAST Add time zone number to local time to obtain UTC.
Subtract time zone number from UTC to obtain local time. Subtract time zone number from UTC to obtain local time.

The prime meridian is drawn through a town called Greenwich

in London in the UK. Time measured at that point is called
Greenwich Mean Time (GMT). This is where the world time zones
start from. Anything to the right (east) of Greenwich is ahead in
time. Anything to the left (west) of Greenwich is behind in time.
Each line is equal to one hour. Time in each time zone is about
1 hour different. From the map, time in Thailand is about 7 hours
faster than in the UK because Thailand is 7 time zones to the
east of the UK. When we measure from east to west around the
world, these lines are called lines of longitude.

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Hands on Activity Date: …./.…/….....

Instructions : Answer the questions below.

1. What is the purpose of time zones?

2. What do you know about time zones?

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REVIEW

Hands on Activity Date: …./.…/….....

Part I : Presenting and Promoting Activity

Instructions : Choose 1 topic to create the presentation or Social

Media of the geography to promote in Social Network.
The presentation should be around 5 minutes long.
(Individually or in group)

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Hands on Activity Date: …./.…/….....

Part II : Reading and Answering Activity

Instructions : Read the content of the geography to answer

the questions below.
1. What is geography?

2. How does geography relate to space and place?

3. What do geographers do?

4. What is the importance of map in geography?

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5. What is the purpose of this introduction to geography?

6. What are three main types of photographs used in geography?

Hands on Activity Date: …./.…/….....

Part III : Vocabulary Activity

Dictation Test 1

Words Meaning
1.)
2.)
3.)
4.)
5.)

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Dictation Test 2

Words Meaning
1.)
2.)
3.)
4.)
5.)

Brain Teasers
Scan and study or do the research about
‘‘ASIA’’ for the next lesson.

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Grading Myself
I KNOW … I CAN I CAN DO …
I have learned ANALYZE …
about…

What is geography?

Maps in Geography

Types of maps

Symbols used in
maps
Photographs used in
geography
Time Zones

Teacher's Evaluation Parent's Evaluation

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 ASIA Chapter 2

Where is Asia located?

What are the 5 parts of Asia?

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Words to learn Date: …./.…/….....

Picture Word Meaning

Any of the world's main
continuous expanses of
Continent (n.) land (Europe, Asia, Africa,
North and South America,
Australia, Antarctica).

A sea connected to the

Mediterranean Atlantic Ocean, surrounded
by the Mediterranean Basin
sea (n.) and almost completely
enclosed by land.

A barren area of landscape

where little precipitation
Desert (n.) occurs and, consequently,
living conditions are hostile
for plant and animal life.

A large flat area of land that

Plateau (n.) is high above sea level

A raised part of the earth's

surface, much larger than a
Mountain (n.) hill, the top of which might be
covered in snow.

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2.1 Where are Asia and Central Asia located?

The Asian continent has the Pacific Ocean to the east, Europe
to the west, the Mediterranean and Black Seas to the southeast.
The Arctic Ocean borders Asia in the north while the Bering Strait
separates the continent from North America in the northeast.
The Indian Ocean to the south of the continent separates it from
Australia.
Central Asia is where the countries of the former Soviet Republic
were located. Central Asia is made up of deserts, mountains,
and plateaus. Many people of Central Asia earn their living by
raising animals such as sheep or goats. Southwest Asia is also
called The Middle East.

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Hands on Activity Date: …./.…/….....

Instructions : Write names of the continents and oceans on the map.

Continents Oceans
Asia Arctic Ocean
Europe Pacific Ocean
Africa Indian Ocean
North America Atlantic Ocean
South America
Australia

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Hands on Activity Date: …./.…/….....

Instructions : Choose the given words to fill in the blank.

Continent Plateau Desert Mediterranean Sea Mountain

1.
• A large flat area of land that is high above sea level.

2.
• Any of the world's main continuous expanses of land (Europe,
Asia, Africa, North and South America, Australia, Antarctica).

3.
• A raised part of the earth's surface, much larger than a hill,
the top of which might be covered in snow.

4.
• A sea connected to the Atlantic Ocean, surrounded by
the Mediterranean Basin and almost completely enclosed by land.

5.
• A barren area of landscape where little precipitation occurs and,
consequently, living conditions are hostile for plant and animal life.

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Words to learn Date: …./.…/….....

Picture Word Meaning

A salt lake or inland sea in
the Jordan valley, on the
Dead Sea (n.) Israel–Jordan border. Its
surface is 400 m (1,300 ft)
below sea level.

A populous country, area,

or place has a lot of people
Populous (adj.) living in it. Having a large
population.

The number equivalent to the

Billion (n.) product of a thousand and a
million; 1,000,000,000 or 109.

The highest mountain on

earth, situated on the border
Mount Everest (n.) between Nepal and Tibet in
the west of China

All the people living in a

Population (n.) particular country, area, or
place

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2.2 Asian facts

 Asia is the largest continent in the world.

 The total area is about 44,614,000 square km.

Asia is the most populous continent in the world.

 Its total population is about 4 billion people; more than

half are in China (1.3 billion) and India (1.1 billion).

 Asia has the highest mountain in the world,

Mount Everest in Nepal, rising to 8,848 meters above sea level.

 It also has the lowest point in the world, the Dead Sea
in Israel, located 400 meters below sea level.

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Nepal

Israel
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Map of ASIA

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List of Countries in Asia
Country Capital Country Capital
1) Afghanistan Kabul 25) Lebanon Beirut
2) Armenia Yerevan 26) Malaysia Kuala Lumpur
3) Azerbaijan Baku 27) Maldives Male
4) Bahrain Manama 28) Mongolia Ulan Bator
5) Bangladesh Dhaka 29) Myanmar Naypyidaw
6) Bhutan Thimphu 30) Nepal Kathmandu
7) Brunei Bandar Seri Begawan 31) Oman Muscat
8) Cambodia Phnom Penh 32) Pakistan Islamabad
9) China Beijing 33) Philippines Manila
10) Cyprus Nicosia 34) Qatar Doha
11) Georgia Tbilisi 35) Russia Moscow
12) India New Delhi 36) Saudi Arabia Riyadh
13) Indonesia Jakarta 37) Singapore Singapore City
14) Iran Tehran 38) Sri Lanka Sri Jayawardenapura Ko
15) Iraq Baghdad 39) Syria Damacus
16) Israel Jerusalem 40) Tajikistan Dushanbe
17) Japan Tokyo 41) Thailand Bangkok
18) Jordan Amman 42) Timor-Laste Dili
19) Kazakhstan Astana 43) Turkey Ankara
20) Korea, North Pyongyang 44) Turkmenistan Ashgabat
21) Korea, South Seoul 45) United Arab Abu Dhabi
Emirates (UAE)
22) Kuwait Kuwait City 46) Uzbekistan Tashkent
23) Kyrgyzstan Bishkek 47) Vietnam Hanoi
24) Laos Vientiane 48) Yemen Sana
The largest country in Asia is China, followed by India. And the
smallest is the Maldives.
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Hands on Activity Date: …./.…/….....

Instructions : Read the content of the Asian facts to answer

the questions below.

1. Which continent is the largest continent in the world?

2. How big is the total area of Asia Continent?

3. What is the largest country in Asia?

4. What is the most populous continent in the world?

5. What is the highest mountain in the world?

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6. What are the continents in the world?

7. What is the total population of Asia?

8. What is the lowest point in the world?

9. What is the total area of Asia?

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Words to learn Date: …./.…/….....

Picture Word Meaning

A mountain range or hill range
Mountain range is a series of mountains or hills
(n.) ranged in a line and connected
by high ground.
A mountain or hill, typically
conical, having a crater or
vent through which lava, rock
Volcanoes (n.) fragments, hot vapour, and gas
are or have been erupted from the
earth's crust.
The Syrian Desert, also known as
the Syrian steppe, the Jordanian
steppe, or the Badia, is a region
of desert, semi-desert and steppe
Syrian Desert covering 500,000 square kilometers
(n.) of the Middle East, including parts
of south-eastern Syria, northeastern
Jordan, northern Saudi Arabia, and
western Iraq.
A line which marks the limits of an
Boundary (n.) area; a dividing line.

An assemblage of plant species

and the ground cover they
provide. It is a general term,
without specific reference
Vegetation (n.) to particular taxa, life forms,
structure, spatial extent, or
any other specific botanical or
geographic characteristics.
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2.3 Physical geography of Asia

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Asia has got many various types of geographical features.

1) Mountain ranges
Asia has a lot of high mountains. It’s also home to the world’s
highest mountain in the Himalayas, the world’s highest peak,
Mount Everest (8,848 meters above sea level).
Rivers and river plains. Many
world’s major rivers are in Asia,
e.g. the Ganges in India and the
Mekong in Southeast Asia. They
are home to many people, and
they have big river plains which
are very good for agriculture.
2) Deserts
Deserts are very dry areas with little
vegetation. Asia has many deserts e.g.
the Syrian Desertand the Gobi Desert.
3) Volcanoes
Asia has both active and inactive
volcanoes, e.g. May on Volcano (active) in
the Philippines and Mount Fuji in Japan.
4) Plateau
A plateau is a flat area on top of
high land. Asia has many plateau
e.g. the Tibetan Plateau in the
Central Asia.
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Hands on Activity Date: …./.…/….....

Instructions : Match the geographical features in Asia with
the correct names.

1) Gobi Desert 2) Mount Fuji

3) Tibetan Plateau 4) Mayon Volcano
5) River Ganges 6) Mount Everest

A D

B E

C F

©Richard Mortel

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 Chapter 2

Hands on Activity Date: …./.…/….....

Instructions : Answer the questions below.

1. What is the example of plateau in central Asia?

2. What is the highest peak in the world?

3. Give two example of deserts in Asia.

4. Give two example of Volcanos in Asia.

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Words to learn Date: …./.…/….....

Picture Word Meaning

The weather conditions
prevailing in an area in
Climate (n.) general or over a long
period.

Tropical regions The regions of Earth

(n.) surrounding the Equator.

The position north or south

Latitude (n.) of the equator measured
from 0° to 90° Compare.

A line notionally drawn

on the earth equidistant
from the poles, dividing
Equator (n.) the earth into northern and
southern hemispheres and
constituting the parallel of
latitude 0°.

The region which lies near

Polar regions (n.) the poles.

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2.4 Types of climate

There are three main types of climate around the world.

Located in different latitudes, they have different climatic zones.
Latitudes are measured from north to south starting at 0º on
the equator.
1) Polar regions
• between 66.5º N to 90º N and 66.5º S to 90º S
• very low temperatures
• very little rain, below 250 mm a year
2) Temperate regions
• between 23.5º N to 66.5º N and 23.5º S to 66.5ºS
• low to moderate temperatures
• moderate annual rainfall, 300 mm to 1,000 mm
3) Tropical regions
• between 23.5º N to 23.5º S of the equator
• high temperatures all year
• high annual rainfall, above 1,000 mm
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Hands on Activity Date: …./.…/….....

Instructions : Answer the questions below.

1. How many types of climate are there in Asia?

2. What are the polar regions of the Earth?

3. What are the Temperate regions of the Earth?

4. What are the Tropical regions of the Earth?

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Words to learn Date: …./.…/….....

Picture Word Meaning

Location (n.) A particular place or position.

The amount of space between two

Distance (n.) places.

The season of heavy rain during

Monsoon (n.) the summer in hot Asian countries.

Temperature A physical quantity that

(n.) expresses hot and cold.

A mountain range in Asia

separating the plains of the Indian
subcontinent from the Tibetan
Himalayas (n.) Plateau, extending 2,400 km
(1,500 miles) from Kashmir east
wards to Assam.

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2.5 Asia’s climates

2.5.1 Different types of climates

Different types of climates are found in Asia because of
• its size and location to the equator ; Asia covers all three
main climatic types.
• distance from the sea of some areas ; this make a big
gap in temperature during different seasons, e.g. the high
mountains of the Himalayas.
• high mountain ranges and plateaux in the central part of
Asia ; they block humidity and wind from the sea to reach
the western part of the continent resulting to dry hot weather
and deserts e.g. in the Gobi Desert area of China.
• wind and monsoons ; they bring rain but sometimes storms
and floods e.g. floods in Bangladesh.

Rize, Turkey : Tropical Climate Nicosia, Cyprus : Mediterranean Climate

Gobi Desert, China : Desert Climate Phang nga, Thailand : Tropical Monsoon Climate

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2.5.2 Influence of climate on vegetation growth

Climate has influence of vegetation growth. This is because
plant growth depends on sunlight, water, nutrients is(in) soil and
temperature.
Most plants cannot grow where temperatures are below 6ºC;
only mosses can. That explains why there are very few plants in
the polar regions.
However, where temperatures are above 20ºC, the growth of
plants is very high. That’s why there are a lot more trees in the
temperate and tropical regions.
Because trees need a lot of water to grow; many forests are
found in areas where rainfall is high, at above 1,000 millimeters
per year.
In areas with rainfall between 250 mm to 1000 mm per year.

A forest in Yakushima, Japan

Located in the interior of Yaku Island, at the meeting-point of the palaearctic
and oriental biotic regions, Yakushima exhibits a rich flora, with some 1,900
species and subspecies, including ancient specimens of the sugi (Japanese
cedar). It also contains a remnant of a warm-temperate ancient forest that is
unique in this region.
© UNESCO World Heritage Centre 1992-2022

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Hands on Activity Date: …./.…/….....

Instructions : Match explanations in column A with words
in column B.

Column A Column B

1) can grow in very low temperatures_______________ a) polar region

2) big plants that grow well in warm areas with high rainfall
b) tropical region
_________________

3) cold desert _______________ c) mosses

4) found in areas with moderate rainfall between

d) cactus
250 to 1,000 mm per year _______________
5) where there are the most trees and the highest rainfall
e) trees
_______________
6) an example of plants which can grow in hot deserts
f) tundra
_______________
7) a large group of trees found in areas with high rainfall
g) grassland
at above 1,000 mm per year_______________

8) here it is too cold for many plants to grow_______________ h) forest

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REVIEW

Hands on Activity Date: …./.…/….....

Part I : Thinking and Writing Activity

Instructions : Answer the questions below.

1. Which country in Asia has a tropical rainforest?

2. Which part of Asia has an ice cap?

3. Which country in Asia has a coniferous forest?

4. Which country in Asia has a mixed forest?

5. Which country in Asia has a hot desert?

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6. Which country in Asia has tropical grasslands?

7. Which kind of plants can be found mostly in Russia?

8. Which kind of plants can be found mostly in Indonesia?

Hands on Activity Date: …./.…/….....

Part II : Thinking and Matching Activity

Instructions : Study to match Asia’s natural vegetation

with the correct words.

A. Shrubs D. A tropical rainforest

B. A cactus E. A sub-tropical forest
C. Cones and needle-like leaves F. Mosses

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1)_______________________ 2)_______________________

3)_______________________ 4)_______________________

5)_______________________ 6)_______________________

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Hands on Activity Date: …./.…/….....

Part III : Vocabulary Activity

Dictation Test 1
Words Meaning
1.)
2.)
3.)
4.)
5.)
Dictation Test 2
Words Meaning
1.)
2.)
3.)
4.)
5.)

Brain Teasers
Scan and study or do the research about
‘‘History of Southeast Asia’’ for the next lesson.

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Grading Myself

I KNOW … I CAN I CAN DO …

I have learned ANALYZE …
about…

Where are Asia

and Central Asia
located?
Asian facts

Physical geography
of Asia
Types of climate

Asia’s climates

Teacher's Evaluation Parent's Evaluation

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SOCIAL STUDIES GRADE 7
The History of
Southeast Asia Chapter 3
What is the history of Southeast Asia?
How many countries are there in the Southeast Asia?
What are the 11 countries in Southeast Asia?
11 Southeast Asia Flags

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Words to learn Date: …./.…/….....

Picture Word Meaning

The period of time before

Prehistory (n.) written records.

The quality of being worthy

Significance (n.) of attention; importance.

Economically In a way that relates to

(adv.) economics or finance.

Independence The fact or state of being

(n.) independent.

The state of being diverse;

Diversity (n.) variety.

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3.1 What is the history of Southeast Asia?

The history of Southeast Asia covers the people of

Southeast Asia from prehistory to the present in two distinct
sub-regions: Mainland Southeast Asia (or Indochina) and
Maritime Southeast Asia (or Insular Southeast Asia). Mainland
Southeast Asia comprises Cambodia, Laos, Myanmar (or
Burma), Peninsular Malaysia, Thailand and Vietnam whereas
Maritime Southeast Asia comprises Brunei, Cocos (Keeling)
Islands, Christmas Island, East Malaysia, East Timor, Indonesia,
Philippines and Singapore.
Southeast Asia is composed of eleven countries of
impressive diversity in religion, culture and history: Brunei,
Burma (Myanmar), Cambodia, Timor-Leste, Indonesia, Laos,
Malaysia, the Philippines, Singapore, Thailand and Vietnam. It is
also one of the most dynamic areas of the world economically,
a factor which largely accounts for its growing international
significance.

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By 300 BCE, the first states began to emerge in Southeast

Asia, prompting early contact with China and India. After
centuries of Khmer dominance, Burmese and Thai civilization
would dominate ahead of European colonialism in the 19th
century. Following independence, many nations now exist in
this diverse area.

European colonisation in Southeast Asia, 1792-1860.

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Hands on Activity Date: …./.…/….....

Instructions : Read the content of the history of Southeast Asia
to answer the questions below.

1. How many countries are there in the Southeast Asia?

2. When did the history of Southeast Asia begin?

3. What countries were never colonized by Europe in the 19th

century?

4. What countries have been in the Mainland Southeast Asia

since prehistory?

5. What countries have been in the Maritime Southeast Asia

since prehistory?

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Words to learn Date: …./.…/….....

Picture Word Meaning

Golden Land", was the
ancient name of a region
believed to be located in
Suvarnabhumi present-day South East Asia.
Since prehistoric times, this
(n.) land was inhabited by a
great variety of ethnic groups
that built communities and
kingdoms over many eras.

Any evidence that is, or can

be, introduced at a trial in
Documentary the form of documents that
evidence (n) is most widely understood to
refer to writings on paper

An early type of animal or

Ancestor (n.) plant from which others have
evolved.

The whole of the human

Mankind (n) race, including both men and
women

The body of physical (not

Archaeological written) evidence about the
evidence (n) past.

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3.2 What is the Southeast Asia in the pre-historical age?

Southeast Asia was once called

Suvarnabhumi which means “the golden
land”. Recently a newer theory has
claimed that Suvarnabhumi has always
had its natives. They were ancestors of
people living on this land nowadays. https://suvarnabhumi.gistda.or.th
Empirical, archaeological and documentary evidence
show human beings first settled down in this region more than
500,000 years ago. They never migrated down from China as
previously said.
Then there were stages of development for mankind and
society from hunter gatherers agricultural settlements and the
formation of village communities.

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Fossil bone of Sauropods found in Kalasin province; this species of

dinosaurs existed in Cretaceous period dating back to 130 million years ago.

An ancient painting at Wat Khao

Chan Ngam in Nakhon Ratchasima.

Cave painting showing that the pre-historical-age human beings believed in animism.

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We have proof of pre-historical animal life existing in the area

we now call Southeast Asia long before humans.

An elephant's jaw was found in Nakonratchasima province dating back to 25

million years ago.

A hyena's fossil teeth were found in Lampang province.

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It has been proved that more

than 3,000 years ago peoples
in Suvarnabhumi possessed an
indigenous culture; this can be
seen by evidence and artifacts
found. They expressed advanced
technology, complex societies
and early state formation.
Then came a cultural revolution
with the arrival of religions,
languages, arts and science
from India and China respectively. However, this was neither
invasion nor colonization. The tribes in Suvarnabhumi adopted
and adapted those new ideas naturally.
These ethnic groups inter-related in various ways, socially and
culturally over years. One group became the Thais of Thailand
today. The country remains multi-ethnic and multi-cultural
until now.
society from hunter gatherers agricultural settlements and
the formation of village communities.

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Hands on Activity Date: …./.…/….....

Instructions : Write essay of the Golden Land.
(At least 10 lines).

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 Chapter 3

Hands on Activity Date: …./.…/….....

Instructions : Read the content of Southeast Asia in prehistory
age and answer the questions.

1. What was Southeast Asia called?

2. What does Suvarnabhumi mean?

3. When did the first human being settle down in the region of
Suvarnabhumi?

4. Did the ancestors of people living in Suvarnabhumi migrate

from China?

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Words to learn Date: …./.…/….....

Picture Word Meaning

Short for gross domestic

GDP (n.) product.

Designing and creating a

Architecture (n.) building.

A stock or supply of money,

materials, staff, and other
assets that can be drawn on
Resources (n.) by a person or organization
in order to function
effectively.

Covering or affecting
Extensive (adj.) a large area.

An economic activity
concerned with the
Industry (n.) processing of raw materials
and manufacture of goods
in factories.

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3.3 What are the three major economic activities

in Southeast Asia?
The industry sector is the economy's largest, and accounts
for 46.4 percent of GDP. It is followed by services (37.1 percent)
and agriculture (16.5 percent). The country has extensive natural
resources, including crude oil, natural gas, tin, copper, and gold.

Southeast Asia : Natural Resources & Economic Activities

• Fertile soils allows bountiful rice and tea fields in the plains.
• Climate in some areas provides for year round farming.
• Economic Activities.
- Subsistence farming and fishing in rural areas.
- Commercial Fishing.
• Mineral resources include petroleum, tin, and gems.

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Hands on Activity Date: …./.…/….....

Instructions : Make 4 groups of students to create the presentation
or Social Media of the three major economic activities
in Southeast Asia to promote in a Social Network and
present in the classroom. The presentation should be
around 5 minutes long.

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Words to learn Date: …./.…/….....

Picture Word Meaning

Taking control of another

Colonization(n.) country or place and make it
a colony.

Using map, etc. to find the

navigation(n.) way to somewhere.

An exciting or dangerous
Adventure(n.) experience.

A person who travel around a

explorer(n.) place in order to learn about
it.

A group of countries that is

Empire(n.) governed by one country.

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3.4 Colonization in Southeast Asia

Making an empire larger through colonialism is called

“Imperialism”. It is when a strong nation takes over and
colonizes a weaker nation or region and controls its economic,
political, or cultural life.
This type of foreign policy
was practiced by European
nations and Japan throughout
Southeast Asia in the 1800s
A.D. and early 1900s A.D.
The first European colonial power was Portugal. This was
because they had advanced ships and expert navigation.
However, the British Empire was the largest empire in history
and for a time was the strongest global power.

Reasons for colonization

The first reason Europeans in the 15th

century started exploring the world was
just to look for adventure and glory. These
brave early explorers were heroes in their
counties because they brought back many
treasures. In time they tended to control and
then colonise these new countries.

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Economics reasons
The Industrial Revolution in Europe created a huge demand
for raw materials and new markets. For example, spices such
as pepper, cinnamon, nutmeg,
ginger, or cloves were like treasures
to Europeans. All these products
were not available in European
countries. They were produced in
India, Ceylon, and the Moluccas
(known as the Spice Islands).
Political and religious reasons
European nations wanted to show their power and prestige
to the world. Europeans believed they had a duty to spread
the ways of the superior
whites to inferior peoples.
To spread Christianity was
used as another reason for
colonization.
A cartoon picture showing a white man
trying to make local people go to school.

Balance of power
European countries were competing for power
in Europe and in the colonies abroad.

A cartoon picture showing a Chinese man shouting at Europeans and

a Japanese man sharing pizza called “Chine” which means China.

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Hands on Activity Date: …./.…/….....

Instructions : Make 4 groups of students to create the presentation
or Social Media of the Reasons for colonization
to promote in a Social Network and present in the
classroom. The presentation should be around 5
minutes long.

Brain Teasers
Scan and study or do the research about
‘‘History of Southeast Asia’’
for reviewing the lesson.

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 Chapter 3
REVIEW

Hands on Activity Date: …./.…/….....

Part I : Thinking and Writing Activity

Instructions : Analyze the evolution of the Southeast Asia history and
summarize by making a mind map in the box below.

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Hands on Activity Date: …./.…/….....

Part II : Presenting and Promoting Activity

Instructions : Make 4 groups of students to create
the presentation or Social Media of
the interesting things about Southeast
Asia to promote in a Social Network.
Each presentation should be around
5 minutes long.

Hands on Activity Date: …./.…/….....

Part III : Thinking and Brainstorming Activities

Instructions : Brainstorm to answer the questions of the Southeast
Asia with your 1 best partner and then present to your
classmates.
1. What are the six main countries of Southeast Asia?

2. What do people do in the Southeast Asia?

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3. What are the three major economic activities in Southeast Asia?

Hands on Activity Date: …./.…/….....

Part IV : Vocabulary Activity

Dictation Test 1
Words Meaning
1.)
2.)
3.)
4.)
5.)
Dictation Test 2
Words Meaning
1.)
2.)
3.)
4.)
5.)
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 Chapter 3

Grading Myself

I KNOW … I CAN I CAN DO …

I have learned ANALYZE …
about…

What is the history of

Southeast Asia?
What is the
Southeast Asia in the
pre-historical age?
What are the three
major economic
activities in
Southeast Asia?
Colonization in
Southeast Asia

Teacher's Evaluation Parent's Evaluation

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 Glossary
CHAPTER 1 : INTRODUCTION TO GEOGRAPHY
1.1 What is geography?
Vocabulary Definition Thai Meaning
The action of sharing something out
Distribution (n.) among a number of recipients.
The envelope of gases surrounding the
Atmosphere (n.) earth or another planet.
The surroundings or conditions in which a
Environment (n.) person, animal, or plant lives or operates.
It typically refers to the number of
people in a single area, whether it be a
Population (n.) city or town, region, country, continent,
or the world.
The study of things on Earth such as
Geography (n.) landscapes and environments.

1.2 Maps in Geography

Vocabulary Definition Thai Meaning
The action of speaking or acting on
Representation behalf of someone or the state of being
(n.) so represented.
The way in which two or more people
Relationship (n.) or things are connected, or the state of
being connected
It is very small of its kind or a very small
Miniature (adj.) copy of an object.
The art or practice of designing and
Architecture (n.) constructing buildings.
To go from one place to another or to
Travel (v.) make a journey, usually over a long
distance.

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 Glossary
1.3 Types of maps
Vocabulary Definition Thai Meaning
A place where meals are prepared and
Restaurant (n.) served to customers.
Facts provided or learned about
Information (n.) something or someone.
A map, especially one designed for
Road map (n.) motorists, showing the roads of a
country or area.
A type of thin book with large pages
and a paper cover that contains articles
Magazine (n.) and photographs and is published
every week or month
A regularly printed publication or
document (usually issued daily or
Newspaper (n.) weekly) consisting of folded unstapled
sheets and containing news, articles,
advertisements, and correspondence.

1.4 Symbols used in maps

Vocabulary Definition Thai Meaning
A sign, shape, or object that is used to
Symbol (n.) represent something else.
An organization or office providing a
Airline office (n.) regular public service of air transport on
one or more routes.
A real or imagined line that marks the
Boundary (n.) edge or limit of something
A wide road for fast-moving traffic or
Motorway (n.) a dual-carriageway road designed for
fast traffic.

Railway (n.) A track made of steel rails along which

trains run.

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 Glossary
1.5 Photographs used in geography
Vocabulary Definition Thai Meaning
Photograph (n.) A picture produced by using a camera.

The solid surface of the earth or the

Ground (n.) surface of the earth

Landscape (n.) The visible features of an area of land.

Aerial (adj.) Operating in the air

A device sent up into space to travel
Satellite (n.) around the earth, used for collecting
information.

1.6 Time Zones

Vocabulary Definition Thai Meaning
Cause to occur or operate at the same
Synchronize (v.) time or rate.
A town in south-east London, England,
located in the historic county of Kent
Greenwich (n.) and the ceremonial county of Greater
London.
The angular distance of a place east or
west of the Greenwich meridian, or west
Longitude (n.) of the standard meridian of a celestial
object, usually expressed in degrees
and minutes.
An imaginary line between the North
Pole and the South Pole, drawn on
Meridian (n.) maps to help to show the position of a
place.
To discover the exact size or amount of
Measure (v.) something

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 Glossary
CHAPTER 2 : ASIA
2.1 Where are Asia and Central Asia located?
Vocabulary Definition Thai Meaning
Continent (n.) Any of the world's main continuous
expanses of land (Europe, Asia, Africa,
North and South America, Australia,
Antarctica).
A sea connected to the Atlantic Ocean,
Mediterranean sea surrounded by the Mediterranean Basin
(n.) and almost completely enclosed by land.
A barren area of landscape where little
precipitation occurs and, consequently,
Desert (n.) living conditions are hostile for plant
and animal life.
A large flat area of land that is high
Plateau (n.) above sea level
A raised part of the earth's surface, much
Mountain (n.) larger than a hill, the top of which might
be covered in snow.

2.2 Asian facts

Vocabulary Definition Thai Meaning
Dead Sea (n.) A salt lake or inland sea in the Jordan
valley, on the Israel–Jordan border. Its
surface is 400 m (1,300 ft) below sea level.
A populous country, area, or place has
Populous (adj.) a lot of people living in it. Having a large
population.
The number equivalent to the product of
Billion (n.) a thousand and a million; 1,000,000,000
or 109.
The highest mountain on earth, situated
Mount Everest on the border between Nepal and Tibet
(n.) in the west of China
All the people living in a particular
Population (n.) country, area, or place

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 Glossary
2.3 Physical geography of Asia
Vocabulary Definition Thai Meaning
Mountain range A mountain range or hill range is a series
of mountains or hills ranged in a line and
(n.) connected by high ground.
A mountain or hill, typically conical,
having a crater or vent through which
Volcanoes (n.) lava, rock fragments, hot vapour, and
gas are or have been erupted from the
earth's crust.
The Syrian Desert, also known as the
Syrian steppe, the Jordanian steppe, or
the Badia, is a region of desert, semi-
Syrian Desert desert and steppe covering 500,000
(n.) square kilometers of the Middle East,
including parts of south-eastern Syria,
northeastern Jordan, northern Saudi
Arabia, and western Iraq.
A line which marks the limits of an area;
Boundary (n.) a dividing line.
An assemblage of plant species and
the ground cover they provide. It is a
general term, without specific reference
Vegetation (n.) to particular taxa, life forms, structure,
spatial extent, or any other specific
botanical or geographic characteristics.

2.4 Types of climate

Vocabulary Definition Thai Meaning
The weather conditions prevailing in an
Climate (n.) area in general or over a long period.

Tropical regions The regions of Earth surrounding the

(n.) Equator.

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 Glossary
2.4 Types of climate
Vocabulary Definition Thai Meaning
The position north or south of the
Latitude (n.) equator measured from 0° to 90°
Compare.
A line notionally drawn on the earth
equidistant from the poles, dividing
Equator (n.) the earth into northern and southern
hemispheres and constituting the parallel
of latitude 0°.
The region which lies near the poles.
Polar regions
(n.)

2.5 Asia’s climates

Vocabulary Definition Thai Meaning

Location (n.) A particular place or position.

The amount of space between two

Distance (n.) places.

The season of heavy rain during the

Monsoon (n.) summer in hot Asian countries.

A physical quantity that expresses hot

Temperature (n.) and cold.

A mountain range in Asia separating the

plains of the Indian subcontinent from
Himalayas (n.) the Tibetan Plateau, extending 2,400 km
(1,500 miles) from Kashmir east wards
to Assam.

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 Glossary
3.1 What is the history of Southeast Asia?
Vocabulary Definition Thai Meaning
Prehistory (n.) The period of time before written
records
Significance (n.) the quality of being worthy of attention;
importance.
Economically in a way that relates to economics or
(adv.) finance.
Independence the fact or state of being independent
(n.)
Diversity (n.) The state of being diverse; variety.

3.2 What is the Southeast Asia in the pre-historical age?

Vocabulary Definition Thai Meaning
"Golden Land", was the ancient name of
a region believed to be located in
present-day South East Asia. Since
Suvarnabhumi prehistoric times, this land was inhabited
(n.) by a great variety of ethnic groups that
built communities and kingdoms over
many eras.
Any evidence that is, or can be,
Documentary introduced at a trial in the form
evidence (n) of documents that is most widely
understood to refer to writings on paper
An early type of animal or plant from
Ancestor (n.) which others have evolved.
The whole of the human race, including
Mankind (n) both men and women
Archaeological The body of physical (not written)
evidence (n) evidence about the past.

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 Glossary
3.3 What are the three major economic activities in Southeast Asia?
Vocabulary Definition Thai Meaning
GDP (n.) Short for gross domestic product.
Architecture (n.) Designing and creating a building

Resources (n.) A stock or supply of money, materials,

staff, and other assets that can be
drawn on by a person or organization in
order to function effectively.
Extensive (adj.) Covering or affecting a large area.
An economic activity concerned with
Industry (n.) the processing of raw materials and
manufacture of goods in factories.

3.4 Colonization in Southeast Asia

Vocabulary Definition Thai Meaning
Taking control of another country or
Colonization(n.) place and make it a colony.

Using map, etc. to find the way to

navigation(n.) somewhere.

Adventure(n.) An exciting or dangerous experience.

A person who travel around a place in

explorer(n.) order to learn about it.

A group of countries that is governed by

Empire(n.) one country.

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