Latest Tank Design for the World’s Largest
270,000m3 Full Containment LNG Tank
Dr. Young-Myung YANG
Vice President / LNG Tech Center
KOGAS R&D Division
ymyang@kogas.re.kr
LNG Tech Center
1 KOGAS R&D Division
CONTENT
KOGAS LNG Import
KOGAS LNG Terminals
KOGAS LNG Tank Development
270,000m3 Full Containment Tank
Conclusion
LNG Tech Center
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KOGAS Overview
Long-term Major
LNG Suppliers Customers
Qatar
Brunei 31 City Gas
Oman Companies
58%
Malaysia
Indonesia
Australia
20 Power
Yemen
Import Storage Transmission Wholesale Plants
Russia
42%
Egypt
KOGAS is solely responsible for nation’s import and supply of natural gas
KOGAS is the single, world’s largest LNG importer : 31.8 MT (15%) in 2010
KOGAS is developer, owner and operator of 3 world scale LNG receiving terminals and 2,879
km nationwide pipeline network
KOGAS ranked 4th World’s Most Admired Energy Company by FORTUNE Magazine in 2011
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Kogas LNG Import in 2010
LNG Import in 2010 Russia
Etc
3.0%
3 1 .8 M T ( 4 4 .4 b c m ) Africa 8.9%
9.1%
ME
44.1%
Australia
3.4%
SE Asia
31.4%
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Natural Gas Demand Pattern in Korea
Natural Gas Demand in Korea in 2010
4.5
Power Generation requires very
4.0 City Gas large storage
Total capacity
3.5
LNG IMPORT (MTPA)
3.0
2.5
2.0
1.5
High Seasonality
1.0 High TDR : 2.5
(TDR : Turn Down Ratio)
0.5
3.6 for city gas
0.0 1.6 for power generation
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
MONTH
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LNG Storage Capacity in Korea
(million cubic meters)
Year 2017
15.57 Mm3
Year 2011
8.12 Mm3
PT (Pyeongtaek Teminal), IC (Incheon Terminal), TY (Tongyeong Terminal), SC (Samcheok Terminal), DHGW (Donghai Gas Well)
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KOGAS Overview - Natural Gas Supply
LNG Terminals
Incheon
Terminal
SEOUL
Terminal Start-up Remarks
Pyeongtaek 1986 In Service ★
Samcheok Incheon 1996 In Service ★
Terminal
Pyeongtaek Tongyeong 2002 In Service
Terminal
Under
Samcheok 2014 Construction
Jeju 2017 Planned
★ The biggest LNG receiving terminals in the world
56 LNG Tanks in service (8.12Mm3)
13 LNG Tanks under construction (2.6Mm3)
Tongyeong
Gwangyang Terminal Transmission Pipeline
Jeju
Terminal Terminal
(posco)
Existing Line
Pipeline in service : 2,879 km
Under Const. Pipeline under construction : 1,111 km
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Incheon LNG Terminal
Unloading : 2 berths x 11,000 m3/h 10 BOG compressors x 12,000 m3/h
LNG storage capacity : 2.88 million m3 3 HP compressors x 20 ton/h
10 above-ground tanks x 100k 4 Recondensers x 30 ton/h
10 in-ground tanks (2 x 140k, 8 x 200k) Vaporization : 4,230 ton/h (50 bcm/y)
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Pyeongtaek LNG Terminal-II
Terminal-II
Jetty : 1 berth, acceptable for Q-max ship, 11,000 m3/h
LNG storage Capacity : 2.36 Mm3
1.96 Mm3 in operation (4 tanks x 140K, 7 tanks x 200K)
0.40 Mm3 under construction (2 tanks x 200K)
6 BOG compressors x 12,000 m3/h
2 Recondensers x 30 ton/h
Vaporization : 2,160 ton/h
Terminal-I
Vaporization : 2,300 ton/h
1 Recondensers x 60 ton/h
6 BOG compressors x 12,000 m3/h
LNG storage capacity : 1.00 Mm3 (10 tanks x 100K)
Jetty : 1 berth, conventional ships, 11,000 m3/h
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Tongyeong LNG Terminal
Unloading : 1 berth x 11,000 m3/h
LNG storage capacity : 2.62 Mm3
- 15 tanks (12x140k, 3x200k) in operation
- 2 tanks (1x140k, 1x200k) under const.
4 BOG compressors x 12,000m3/h
2 Recondensers x 17 ton/h
Vaporization : 1,350 ton/h (16 bcm/y)
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Samcheok LNG Terminal
Unloading : 15,000 m3/h
LNG storage : 2.61 Mm3
9 tanks x 200,000m3
3 tanks x 270,000m3
7 BOG compressors x 12,000m3/h
2 Recondensers x 30 ton/h
Vaporization : 1,320 ton/h
6 ORVs x 180 ton/h
2 SMVs x 120 ton/h
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Jeju LNG Terminal (planned)
Storage : 2 tanks x 25,000m3
2 BOG compressors x 4,000m3/h
Vaporization : 40 ton/h
- Air vaporizers
- Steam vaporizers (back-up)
LNG tanker lorry station for Seogwipo area
FEED in 2011. Commercial operation in 2017
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Kogas’ LNG Tank Development Projects
Phase-1 (1997-2002) : Development of LNG Tank Technologies
Key technologies and materials for LNG tanks
Construct a 1000m3 pilot LNG storage tank to prove the LNG tank technologies
developed at KOGAS
Membrane containment LNG tank of 140,000m3
Full containment LNG tank of 140,000m3
Applied to 12 tanks at Tongyeong & Pyeongtaek Terminals
Phase-2 (2004-2005) : Development of 200,000m3 LNG Tanks
Full containment LNG tank of 200,000m3
Applied to 22 tanks at Tongyeong, Pyeongtaek and Samcheok Terminals
Membrane containment LNG tank of 200,000m3
Applied to 2 tanks at Incheon Terminal
Phase-3 (2009-2011) : Development of 270,000m3 LNG Tanks
Full containment LNG tank of 270,000m3
will install 3 tanks at Samcheok Terminal
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Kogas’ LNG Tank Development
Pilot
LNG tank
1,000m3
270,000m3 Above-ground
Full Containment 200,000m3
9% Ni Full Containment
Above-ground
Membrane Containment
above-ground
In-ground 140,000m3
9% Ni Full Containment
200,000m3
Membrane Membrane Containment
containment
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Pilot LNG Storage Tank
Specifications
Type : elevated, membrane, suspended deck
Kogas membrane containment system
STS304 corrugated membrane
PUF insulation
Inner diameter 13.76m, height 10.92m
Outer tank : Pre-stressed concrete (600mmt)
Outer diameter 15.38m, height 14.21m
Net capacity : 1,000m3 (gross 1,300m3)
Operating level : 1.5~8.81m
Design pressure : -5~450mbarg
Operating pressure : 50~350mbarg
Objectives
Boil-Off Rate : 0.53vol%/day
Verify design, construction and operation technologies
LNG Pump : 50m3/h x 2, 15bar
to develop commercial tanks
Started operation in 2001
Studies on LNG storage behavior
Features Practical Uses
Applied Kogas membrane containment system Evaluation of Kogas containment system
Installed a stress measurement system for membrane LNG storage and boil-off behavior studies
The unique LNG storage tank for R&D purposes Cyclic fatigue test of warm-up and cool-down
Connected with the processes of Incheon terminal LNG tank commissioning training
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200K MC LNG Tank (KMa-200)
Specifications
Gross capacity 200,000 m3
Design pressure 29 kPa
Operating pressure 5-25 kPa
Design BOR 0.05-0.075%/day
Design liquid level 34.61m
Type of base Electric heating
or Brine heating
Type of roof Concrete dome
Inner tank Diameter 85.9m
(STS membrane) Height 39.05m
Outer tank Diameter 86.4m
(PS concrete) Height 52.9m
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200K FC LNG Tank (KFa-200)
Specifications
Gross capacity 200,000 m3
Design pressure 29 kPa
Operating pressure 5-25 kPa
Design BOR 0.05%wt/day
Design liquid level 36.22m
Type of base Electric heating
or Brine heating
Type of roof Concrete dome
Inner tank Diameter 84.0m
(9% nickel steel) Height 37.6m
Outer tank Diameter 86.4m
(PS concrete) Height 52.8m
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KOGAS LNG Tank Technologies
KMa : Kogas Membrane type, above-ground Tank
KMi : Kogas Membrane type, in-ground Tank
KFa : Kogas Full containment, above-ground Tank
TY, PT, IC, SC : Tongyeong, Pyeongtaek, Incheon , Samcheok LNG Terminal
Implementation
for SC#10-12
POSCO : Kwangyang LNG Terminal
SLNG : Singapore LNG Terminal
FL-LNG : Fisherman’s Landing LNG Liquefaction Plant
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Kogas’ LNG Tank Design Record
No. of Capacity of
Country LNG Project Tank No. Type of Tank Status
Tanks Tank (m3)
Korea Pyeongtaek 4 11 - 14 Full Containment 140,000 in operation
(KOGAS) 7 15 - 21 Full Containment 200,000 in operation
2 22 - 23 Full Containment 200,000 under construction
Tongyeong 7 6 - 12 Full Containment 140,000 in operation
1 17 Full Containment 140,000 under construction
3 13 - 15 Full Containment 200,000 in operation
1 16 Full Containment 200,000 under construction
Incheon 2 19 - 20 Membrane 200,000 in operation
Samcheok 9 1-9 Full Containment 200,000 under construction
3 10 - 12 Full Containment 270,000 construction in 2012
(POSCO) Kwangyang 2 3-4 Full Containment 165,000 operation/construction
Thailand PTTLNG 2 1-2 Full Containment 160,000 under construction
Singapore SLNG 2 1-2 Full Containment 150,000 under construction
Australia LNG Limited 1 1 Membrane 180,000 in suspension
Total 46
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Guidelines for the 270,000m3 LNG Tank
Design in accordance with the requirements of EN 14620:2006
Above-ground, full containment LNG storage tank
9% nickel steel open top inner tank
Pre-stressed concrete outer tank
Concrete dome roof with carbon steel vapor barriers
Suspended ceiling deck
9% nickel steel secondary bottom liner
Thermal protection system up to 5 meters high from the tank bottom
Bottom heating system in the base slab
Gross capacity : 270,000 m3
Design pressure : 29 kPa
Design boil-off rate : 0.04 wt%/day
Seismic loads : SSE 0.3g, OBE 0.15g
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Inner Tank Design Procedure
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Heat Leak Calculation
Design BOR : 0.04wt% per day
Total Heat Leak : 259.6 kW
29% from shell
33% from roof Qroof 33%
38% from bottom
Qshell 29%
BOR = 0.038
Qbottom 38%
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General View of the 270,000m3 Tank
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Inner Tank Structure
92.4m
90.0m Top Stiffener
Inner Tank Tank Center
Resilient
Blanket Intermediate
Perlite Stiffeners
Powder Inner Shell
Cellular
Glass
PCB
Annular Plate
(thick plate) Bottom Plate
(thin plate)
Concrete
Bottom Corner Arrangement Structure of Inner Tank
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Buckling Analysis
Critical Buckling Load > 3 x Perlite Pressure
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Design of Internal Pipes
Still Wells
Bottom Fil Pump Wells Bottom Fil
Still Wells
Pump Wells
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Outer Tank Design Procedure
Inner Tank Dimensions
Outer Tank Dimensions
Concrete Outer Tank Roof Cupola
Design Conditions Design Conditions
Static Analysis Structural Analysis
2D Liner Analysis Before Air Raising
Thermal Analysis After Air Raising
Spillage Case Analysis
Stress Check
Dynamic Analysis
Response Spectrum
Connection Check
Time History Analysis
Secondary Response Spectrum
Outer Tank Section Design Dynamic Analysis for Inner Tank
ULS & SLS Check, etc.
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3D Linear Analysis for Earthquake
Vertical - Roof Acceleration Inplane Force
Horizontal - Overturning Hoop Force
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Thermal Analysis – Stress Contours
Bottom Corner Top Corner
Summer
Winter
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Roof Frame Design
Model-A : before air raising
Model-B : after air raising
MODEL-B
AIR LIFTING
MODEL-A
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KOGAS Tank Specifications
Description unit N160 G200 N200 G270
Gross Capacity m3 171,500 200,000 212,700 270,000
Net Capacity m3 160,000 187,300 200,000 255,400
Design Pressure kPa 29 29 29 29
Design BOR wt%/d 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.04
Design Liquid Level m 34.25 36.22 38.52 42.7
Inner Tank Diameter m 80.0 84.0 84.0 90.0
Inner Tank Height m 35.62 37.6 39.92 43.44
Outer Tank Diameter m 84.4 86.4 86.4 92.4
Shell Insulation Thick mm 1,200 1,200 1,200 1,200
1st Course Plate Thick mm 29.6 32.9 34.9 39.4
Tank data are estimated on the basis of the KOGAS design philosophy (‘N’ means net capacity and ‘G’
gross capacity)
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Typical EPC Schedule
Tank Description 1st Year 2nd Year 3rd Year 4th Year Remarks
Design 6
G200 Construction 38
Commissioning 2 Total 43M
Design 7
G270 Construction 42
Commissioning 2 Total 47M
Typical EPC schedules for the tanks G200 and G270 at KOGAS
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The 270,000m3 Tank Construction Project
Samcheok LNG Terminal
Tanks Nos. 10 to 12
Design : 2011-2012
Erection : 2012-2016
Operation : 2016
270,000m3
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Cost Saving for Samcheok Tanks
Cost-saving for Samcheok LNG tanks Nos. 10 to 12
Gross Cap. EPC Cost* No. of Total Cap. Cost Saving
Tank Model
(m3) (MUSD/tank) Tank (m3) (MUSD)
G200 200,000 115.8 3 600,000 -
G270 270,000 132.8 3 810,000 -
+ 210,000 - 121.6
Difference
(+1.05 tank) (-35%)
EPC cost estimates are based on the KOGAS internal data.
The cost for land is included and the cost for tank foundation not included in the EPC costs
MUSD : million US dollar
When three G200 tanks are replaced with three G270 tanks at Samcheok Terminal,
an additional storage of 210,000m3 and a cost-saving of 121.6 MUSD are expected.
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Conclusion
KOGAS developed the world’s largest full containment LNG
storage tank with a gross capacity of 270,000m3.
The typical design of the 270,000m3 tank was completed in March
2011 and the detailed engineering for the tanks Nos. 10 to 12 at the
KOGAS Samcheok LNG Terminal will be finished till early 2012.
Compared to the 200,000m3 tank, the 270,000m3 tank can provide
a cost-saving of 35% and an additional storage capacity of 35% (in
Korea).
KOGAS expects a cost-cutting of approx. 122 million US dollars
and an additional storage capacity of 210,000m3 from the 2nd
Samcheok Terminal expansion project (for the tanks Nos.10 to 12).
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