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Session 4 (Organelles)

Plant and animal cells differ in their shape, structures, and some organelles. Plant cells are typically rectangular with rigid cell walls, while animal cells can be irregular with no cell walls. Organelles like chloroplasts that perform photosynthesis are only found in plant cells, while centrioles and centrosomes involved in cell division are only found in animal cells. Both cell types contain a nucleus, cell membrane, mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi bodies, and vacuoles, but plant vacuoles are usually larger central vacuoles.

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115 views4 pages

Session 4 (Organelles)

Plant and animal cells differ in their shape, structures, and some organelles. Plant cells are typically rectangular with rigid cell walls, while animal cells can be irregular with no cell walls. Organelles like chloroplasts that perform photosynthesis are only found in plant cells, while centrioles and centrosomes involved in cell division are only found in animal cells. Both cell types contain a nucleus, cell membrane, mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi bodies, and vacuoles, but plant vacuoles are usually larger central vacuoles.

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MARO BG
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Plant cell

Animal cell

1
Compare between Animal and plant cells:
Animal cell Plant cell
Shape Irregular Regular

Cell wall Absent Present

Chloroplast and other Absent Present


plastids

Centriole and centrosome Present Absent

Vacuoles Present (Small vacuoles) Present


Large central vacuole
Lysosomes Present Absent

Cell membrane Present Present

2
ORGANELLES of plant and animal cells
Organelle Function
Cell wall
Not found in animal cells.
Plants cellulose
Fungi chitin

Cell membrane (plasma membrane) A selectively permeable membrane that


controls what enters and leaves the cell.

Plastids (chloroplasts) the sites of photosynthesis. found only in


plants and algae.
green because they contain chlorophyll.
Nucleus The nucleus contains chromosomes made
of DNA .
-Controls cell activities.
-The nucleus is surrounded by an envelope
that contains pores and allows for the
transport of large molecules.

Nucleolus Non-membrane-bound organelle.


Site of rRNA synthesis. (Components of
ribosomes are synthesized here)

Ribosome Non-membrane-bound organelle.


site of protein (ENZYME)synthesis
made of ribosomal RNA and protein.

Endoplasmic reticulum. There are two types:


(Membrane convoluted organelle) A-Rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER)

-Ribosomes on it
the site of protein synthesis as well as
transport throughout the cytoplasm.

B-Smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER)

No ribosomes.

Synthesizes steroid hormones and other


lipids.

3
Function
Golgi apparatus (body) They modify, store, and package proteins.
also secrete proteins to other parts of the
cell and export it to other cells.

Mitochondria (power house) the site of cellular respiration. (Aerobic


respiration)

C6H12O6 CO2+H2O+ATP

Vacuoles It stores substances for the Cell.

Centrosome (contain a pair of Only animal cells have centrioles and


centrioles) Centrosomes required for cell division.

Lysosome a sac of hydrolytic (digestive) enzymes


enclosed by a single membrane.

Cytoplasm(cytosol)
The entire region between the nucleus and
plasma membrane.

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