About the Book Preface

Besides the aesthe c importance, trees maintain the ecological balance,

clean air, boost happiness and reduce soil erosion. Due to their mul ple In the summer of 2014, when I was s ll pursuing my bachelors from
roles, they are the drivers of urban eco-system. Trees of Panjim is a leisure University of Delhi, I was fortunate enough to be selected for the
read for layman tree enthusiasts interested in the flora of Panaji, the pres gious internship program conducted by the science academies of
capital city of Goa. The book contains botanical and vernacular names India (INSA-IAS-NASI). I came to Goa University to learn about systema c
along with flowering phenology and non-technical descrip ons of the surveys from Prof. M.K. Janarthanam, one of the most respected plant
urban tree flora of Panjim. It covers details of 134 species with more than
taxonomists in India. In my early interac ons with Jana sir, it was decided
500 photographs to aid the reader in iden fying the trees growing around
that I shall document the urban tree flora of Panjim city. I remember being
them. The book is a result of extensive survey conducted in the city during
2014 and 2019. The contents of the tree catalogue are reader friendly and extremely happy to take up this project since diversity studies had always
arranged in four categories. The book aims to promote the importance been a huge a rac on to me. And so, I would travel to the city every
and sustainable u liza on of trees in an urban setup and encourage morning and traverse the avenues on foot to photograph the trees. On
ci zens to protect them. quite many occasions, Jana sir would accompany me too. These visits
ended up mo va ng me to pursue masters and eventually doctoral
studies in botany.
About the Authors A few years later, I found myself having an informal conversa on with Mr.
Subhash Chandra, PCCF Goa, an IFS officer of the AGMUT cadre. Since
Goa was a common topic between us, I told him about the wonderful
Arjun Adit me I spent in the state. It was at that moment, when the idea for this
Pursuing his doctoral studies in Botany from book was first conceived. He suggested that I should bring out a guide to
University of Delhi, Arjun was a Bachelor's the Trees of Panjim in a way that a layman would be able to enjoy it. By this
student when he first undertook this project. me, I had started the doctoral research on my new found love for
His current research focuses on the ecology, Orchids in Tripura. Any spare me I found, apart from my research would
systema cs and conserva on of Orchids in be spent in cataloguing the photographs from Panjim. This is when I
Tripura. He was recently selected for the Young realised that I had le out details of few trees and made some mistakes
Fellow award by World Orchid Conference. His too. And so, in October of 2019, I was back in Goa to finish up with the tree
passion for nature allows him to follow his survey. Jana sir, was kind enough to not just give me a room to stay in his
hobbies of nature photography, travelling, home, but also gave me his trusty scooter. Even though he was extremely
plant iden fica on and bird watching. busy, he would spend hours with me a er work to shape the book and
proof read the descrip ons. More ring than any of this, were my efforts
to convince Jana sir to be a co-author; but even a er giving all of his free
me, he would humbly decline. This book would never have existed, if not
for his knowledge and encouragement.

2|TreesofPanjim 2|TreesofPanjim
 Introduc on
When I look back to six years ago, I had very li le knowledge about the
subject. During my first visit to Goa, I learnt a lot from Dr. Mayur Nandikar, Trees have always fascinated humans, especially the ones which thrive in
Dr. Anup Deshpande and Dr. Kiran Gaude, who back then were members urban areas. They provide a serene environment in the hustle and bustle
of Jana sir's lab. My evening walks around the campus with them would of a city. They are home to a variety of flora (epiphytes) and fauna besides
end up educa ng me about plants, photography and life. My family having aesthe c and medicinal values. Trees act as carbon sinks, thus
played a huge part in bringing out this book by mo va ng me to work on it being effec ve players in reducing air pollu on. These urban forests
whenever I was found procras na ng. Sincere thanks are due to Dr. provide an escape from the fast city life, calming an individual both
Dvijendra Kumar Sharma, Dr. Shivani, Ms. Prachi Pratee , Prof. Rajesh physically and mentally.
Tandon, Dr. Monika Koul and Ms. Banisha Phukela for their valuable According to the Oxford dic onary, tree is 'a woody perennial plant,
sugges ons, immense coopera on and encouragement throughout this typically having a single stem or trunk growing to a considerable height
work. I am grateful to Jana sir and Subhash sir, who have been the driving and bearing lateral branches at some distance from the ground'. But
force behind this publica on. Last but not the least, I would like to thank where does one draw a line between a tall shrub and a small tree? To a
the people of Panjim for their pa ence while I wandered in streets, spent layman, Banana and Papaya might be trees due to their height and
hours in parks and o en peeped into their gardens. considerable width, but to a botanist they are herbs due to their
In the wake of events like rapid construc ons, road widenings, illegal ontogeny. The Windmill bush, Pigeon berry, Night jasmine, Java fig and
mber poaching and over-exploita on, there is an imminent threat to Citrus spp. are common hedge plants, but when allowed to grow to their
growth and survival of the urban trees. I am hopeful that this piece of full poten al (which they seldom are), they turn out to be moderate sized
work will allow the reader to respect, connect, preserve and augment the
trees. On the other hand, Cycas and Zamia are smaller in height, but can
urban jungle in their vicinity. I invite sugges ons from dear readers and
certainly be older than the trees around them. Since this might seem
encourage them to conduct a state-wide survey of the urban jungles in
subjec ve, I shall leave it to the wise readers to figure out if the plants in
Goa.
their surrounding can be considered as trees.
Arjun Adit
India is a mega bio-diverse country with four biodiversity hotspots where
plant species with diverse values for humans and other life forms are s ll
untapped. Field surveys pose a challenge to botanists but open a new
horizon of an interes ng plant world. Even though plants in urban setup
contribute enormously in form of aesthe cs, harbouring faunal diversity,
providing shade, reducing pollu on and sequestering carbon, not much
has been done on documen ng them. Lately, publica ons like Trees of
Delhi (Krishan, 2006), Trees of Pune (Ingalhalikar & Barve, 2010), Bio-
diversity resource book of Tripura (Sharma, 2010), Jungle trees of Central
India (Krishan, 2013) and Binding roots: Trees of Ganga (WII-GACMC,
2018) have taken the ini a ve to record and present tree diversity in a
Best seat in the house. Bhagwan Mahavir admiring the beauty of children's park layman fashion.

2|TreesofPanjim 2|TreesofPanjim
Goa is blessed with a rich diversity of flora and fauna. With more than Panaji, the capital city of Goa and locally known as Panjim is located at
60% tree cover (India State of Forest Report, 2019), it is ranked fi h in the 15°29ʹ56ʺN 73°49ʹ40ʺE and has an average eleva on of 23 feet. The area
country in terms of the forest cover. The rich tropical diversity in the state under the survey is around 36 km² with a popula on of approximately
has even been compared to the Amazon and Congo basins (Na onal 99,677 (Census of India, 2011). It lies on the banks of the Mondovi River
Geographic Magazine, 1999). The environment here is so conducive that estuary and is the largest city in the state of Goa. Panaji, features a tropical
plants of all forms can be found. Besides the boun ful forests of Goa, the monsoon climate, hot in summer and equable in winter. During summers
inhabited urban areas also have a fair share of floral diversity. (from March to May) the temperature reaches up to 32°C and in winters
(from December to February) it is usually between 31°C and 23°C. The city
During the Portuguese supremacy along the Western coast of India, not acts as an interface between the Western Ghats in the east and the
much was contributed in this regard. Two publica ons which introduced Arabian Sea in the west. Although most coastal ci es don't have rich
plants from this region to the world were Coloquios dos Simples e Drogas species diversity, but due to its loca on Panajim, with more than 20% of
da India (da Orta, 1563) and Tratado de las Drogas (de Orta, 1578). The its area under tree cover, makes an excep on by having a range of flora
Portuguese did however play a pivotal role in introducing plants from
and fauna. Soil here is rich in ferric aluminium oxides, giving it a reddish
their new world territories. In 1862, d'Silvia published a book tled
colour. Further inland and along the riverbanks, the soil is mostly alluvial
Natural history of Goa which enlisted 163 plant species. As a part of
and loamy. The soil is rich in minerals and humus, thus conducive to
fourth centenary celebra ons of the Portuguese rule in India, Flora de
Goa e Savantwadi (Dalgado, 1898) was published, presen ng a list of 731 planta ons. Most trees in the city are cul vated and the natural
wild species and 297 cul vated species with vernacular names and very vegeta on consists of moist deciduous elements and mangroves. The
brief notes without any specific data on the locali es and the specimens area is also rich in shrubby and herbal vegeta on.
collected. Some of the taxa men oned in this flora are not seen anywhere
in Goa today. Many collec ons for The flora of Bombay Presidency
(Cooke, 1908) and Forest flora of the Bombay Presidency (Talbot, 1911)
were in fact a result of extensive plant collec ons from both Bombay and
Goa. These can now be accessed in the herbarium of Botanical Survey of
India, Western Regional Centre, Pune. Subsequently, many collec ons of
grasses, ferns and orchids (Bla er & McCann, 1935; Mahabale, 1938;
Souza, 1944; Santapu & Kapadia, 1963) were made exclusively from this
region. Enumera on of plants from Gomatak, India (Vartak, 1966) lists
more than 200 floral species from the state. Floris c studies in Goa
climaxed when Rao (1985 & 1986) published his Flora of Goa, Diu,
Daman, Dadra and Nagarhaveli in two volumes, where he described
1115 angiospermic species from Goa. Flora of Bhagwan Mahavir
(Molem) Na onal Park and Adjoinings, Goa (Datar &
Lakshminarasimhan, 2013), is one of the most significant publica ons on
floris c diversity in later years for this region.
Gardens in Panjim: centres of diversity

2|TreesofPanjim 2|TreesofPanjim
The City and its surroundings were traversed on foot covering all parks, Rarest Trees: During the survey, I found some tree species, which had no
gardens, avenues, public places and most residences so that all trees more than one individual in the whole city. Some of them are Elaeocarpus
could be documented. Besides the previously men oned publica ons, ganitrus (Children's park), Syagrus romanzoffiana (Children's park),
help was also sought from Hor ca: Color Cyclopedia of garden Flora in all Alseodaphne semecarpifolia (garden opposite Children's park),
Pritchardia pacifica (Joggers's park), Terminalia crenulata (Jogger's park)
climates worldwide and exo c plants Indoors (Alfred, 1992), The
and Khaya sp. (Jogger's park). Because of the rarity of these species in the
Cambridge Illustrated Glossary of Botanical Terms (Hickey & King, 2000),
city, I have not included them in the catalogue. Barring, Alseodaphne and
The Plant Book (Mabberley, 2005), Mangroves of Goa (Dhargalkar et al.,
Khaya, one can find the others labelled in the loca ons men oned.
2014) and the online portal of Flowers of India.
Tree with the largest foliage cover: Old specimens of Albizia saman can
The most botanically diverse region in the city is Al nho, which is located be seen standing guard along the D.B. marg.
on a hillock and has lateri c soil. It has vast expanse of natural vegeta on Area with highest tree cover: The inaccessible slopes and garden rich
growing on steep inaccessible slopes. This is also the area with largest Al nho is not just rich in diversity but also in tree cover. This is followed by
tree cover in whole of Panjim. Rest of the city consists of a plain St. Inez, Campal Area, and City Area (in that order).
topography just above sea level. Dayanand Bandodkar Marg is lifeline of Most dominant family: Fabaceae. It is followed by Moraceae, Arecaceae
the city, not just administra vely or geographically, but also botanically. and Apocynaceae respec vely.
The whole stretch is complemented on either side with na ve tree Most diverse genus: With a total of 13 species, Ficus is the most diverse
species like Albizia saman, Peltophorum pterocarpum and many species genus in the city.
of Ficus. Loca ons with high tree diversity like Kala academy, Children's
park and Pa o centre fall adjacent to this par cular road. Other key 'tree
avenues' are 18th June road, Atmaram Borkar road and Vivekanand road.
Areas around Miramar have the least number of trees besides also being
least diverse. Campal, St. Inez, Pa o centre and main Panjim City have
moderate tree diversity and number. Parks in the city are epicentres of
floral diversity, most important of these being Ambedkar park, Bhagwan
Mahaveer Children's park, the Joggers' park, Garcia da Orta municipal
garden and Luis Menezes Braganza garden.

Before we begin, here are some addi onal facts about trees in the city.

Most abundant tree: Peltophorum pterocarpum can easily be spo ed

throughout the city. Gardens in Panjim: centres of diversity

2|TreesofPanjim 2|TreesofPanjim
Avenue trees
Acacia auriculiformis Acacia auriculiformis A.Cunn. ex Benth. Acacia mangium Willd. Acacia mangium

Common Name: Australian Acacia Common name: Broad leaf Salwood

Family: Fabaceae
Family: Fabaceae
Flowering and frui ng:
Flowering and frui ng:
June - November
May - December
Habit: A tree with few branches.
Habit: A evergreen tree

Bark: Bark corky and fissures Bark: Grey with longitudinal fissures.
longitudinally in old stem Minute len cels arranged in streaks.
Young stems triangular.
Leaves: Leaf like phyllodes
(modified pe oles), alternate with
up to 7 mm stalk; lamina like Leaves: Phyllodes commonly
phyllode is curved up to 13 x 2.3 cm, mistaken as leaves; phyllodes simple,
a enuate at base, en re along alternate, up to 1 cm stalk; lamina
margins, acute to slightly rounded like structure is curved and
at apex. asymmetrically ellip c, up to 15 x 6.5
cm, a enuate at base, en re along
Flowers: Minute, bright yellow, on margin, acute and o en apiculate at
axillary spikes; spike 1-2 per node, apex, nerves parallel; surface dark
up to 7 cm long. green on both the sides.

Fruits: Pods, spirally coiled, drying Flowers: Yellow in color and occur in
brown, exposing arillate seeds on spike inflorescence.
dehiscence.

Note: Found as an escape. Fruits: Pods. Crooked and twisted in

shape. Dark brown.

Note: Rare. Seen in joggers park and

isolated individuals in Al nho. They
look very similar to those of A.
auriculiformis, but are broader and
clearly dis nct when both are placed
side by side.

2|TreesofPanjim 3|TreesofPanjim
Adenanthera pavoniana Adenanthera pavonina L. Albizia lebbeck (L.) Benth. Albizia lebbeck

Common name: Red bead tree, Common name: East Indian Walnut
Coral wood
Local name: Siris
Local name: Vodli gunji
Family: Fabaceae
Family: Fabaceae
Flowering and frui ng: April - July
Flowering and frui ng: May -
November
Habit: A large tree with spreading
Habit: A medium sized tree sparsely canopy.
branched
Bark: Brown, peeling off in large
Bark: Grey with lot of lichen patches irregular flakes with horizontal
markings
Leaves: Leaves bipinnately
compound, alternate, up to 50 cm Leaves: Bipinnately compound;
long; rachis pulvinate; primary rachis pulvinate; pinnae in two pairs;
pinnae usually nine up to 22 cm leaflets up to 5 pairs in each pinnae;
long; leaflets alternate, pe olulate, leaflets with minute pi olule, of
orbicular to ellip c, up to 5 x 2.8 cm, variable shape, mostly oblong to
slightly oblique at base, en re along obovate, cuneate to oblique at base,
margin, obtuse at apex, pale green en re along margins, slightly retuse
below. at apex.
Flowers: Yellow, on terminal spikes
Flowers: On sub-globose heads;
Fruits: Twisted, seeds red in color inflorescence is a terminal panicle;
greenish white to cream yellow
Notes: Can be seen along roadsides Fruits: Pods up to 30 x 5 cm, flat,
in Al nho oblong, obtuse at both base and
apex.

Notes: One individual seen in joggers

park and two isolated individuals on
Al nho avenues; leafless when
bearing fruits; fruits ra le on
vigorous shaking

4|TreesofPanjim 5|TreesofPanjim
Albizia saman Albizia saman (Jacq.) F.Muell. Alstonia scholaris (L.) R.Br. Alstonia scholaris

Common name: Rain tree Common name: Devils Tree,

Scholar's Tree.
Local name: Gulabi siris

Family: Fabaceae Local name: Satvin, Saptparni

Flowering and frui ng: Almost Family: Apocynaceae

throughout the year
Flowering and frui ng: October -
Habit: Huge tree with spreading February
branches and vast canopy.
Bark: Brown to dark brown, corky,
peeling off in linear or irregular Habit: A tall evergreen tree with
strips. milky latex, o en with branches in
whorls.
Leaves: Bipinnately compound,
alternate, up to 45 cm long; rachis Bark: Brown to grey with
pulvinus at base; each pinna up to 16 longitudinal streaks, falling off as
cm long with 2 – 6 pair of leaflets, cork flakes.
o en glandular between the primary
pinnae; secondary rachis pulvinus at Leaves: Simply, usually in whorls of
base; leaflets opposite, sessile, seven, short pe olate, oblanceolate,
smaller at base and gradually cuneate at base, en re along
increasing in size towards apex, margins, acute – obtuse at apex,
oblique at base. secondary nerves faint and showing
intra-marginal vena on.
Flowers: Pinkish white on head like
inflorescence.
Flowers: In terminal cymose
Fruits: Pods thick, brown. panicles, arising in whorls, white,
fragrant.
Notes: Much preferred avenue tree
for its huge umbrella like canopy. It Fruits: Pods (Follicles), thin up to 50
makes an arch above DB road in cm long, drooping in bundles.
campal area. Extra floral nectaries
are present at the junc on of Notes: Common. recognisable due
primary pinnae and between leaflets to its fragrance during synchronous
and rachilla. flowering.
Synonyms:
·Samanea saman (Jacq.) Merr.

4|TreesofPanjim 5|TreesofPanjim
Artocarpus al lis Artocarpus al lis (Parkinson) Fosberg Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam. Artocarpus heterophyllus

Common name: Bread fruit tree Common name: Jackfruit

Local name: Nirphanas Local name: Phanas

Family: Moraceae
Family: Moraceae
Flowering and frui ng: February -
June Flowering and frui ng: February -
August
Habit: Medium to large tree
Habit: A huge tree with milky latex
Bark: Grey to dark grey with and irregular branching.
numerous len cels arranged in
linear streaks; enlarged leaf and
s pule scars seen on old stems Bark: Dark grey – blackish with
numerous reddish len cels.
Leaves: Simple, alternate, crowded
near the apex; s pule yellowish red, Leaves: Simple, alternate; s pule
lanceolate, up to 25 cm long, linear, up to 6 x 1.3 cm, covering the
covering the leaf buds; pe ole up to leaf buds, caducous; pe ole up to 4
5 cm long, thick; lamina obovate, up cm long; lamina obovate, oblong –
ellip c, cuneate at base, en re along
to 50 x 35 cm, pinnately lobed;
margins, shortly acuminate to
rounded at base, acuminate at apex, rounded at apex, arrangement.
prominent secondary veins leading
to each lobe
Flowers: Unisexual, male and female
Flowers: Minute, pis llate on different inflorescences.
inflorescence globose, staminate
inflorescence club shaped Fruits: Mul ple or composite fruit
with prickly in nature, bourne on
Fruits: Globose to ellipsoid, green. main trunk as well as primary
branches.
Notes: Seen along DB road, kala
academy, in most households and Note: A common tree in home
home gardens gardens, also planted along road
sides. Preferred for its tasty fruits,
Synonym: green foliage (leaves used for various
·Artocarpus incisus (Thunb.) L.f. purposes) and valuable mber.

4|TreesofPanjim 5|TreesofPanjim
Calophyllum inophyllum Calophyllum inophyllum L. Careya arborea Roxb. Careya arborea

Common name: Indian laurel, Common name: Slow match tree.

Beauty leaf
Local name: Kumyo, Kumbyo
Local name: Undi
Family: Lecythidaceae
Family: Calophyllaceae
Flowering and frui ng: February -
Flowering and frui ng: May - July
June
Habit: Medium sized evergreen tree
with low branches and irregular Habit: A medium sized deciduous
canopy. tree with crooked branches.
Bark: Dark grey, corky, on whorled
Bark: Greyish brown and unevenly stem, cracking into small irregular
corky, with distantly spaced red pieces; prominent leaf scars on
horizontal fissures. younger stems.

Leaves: Simple, opposite decussate Leaves: Simple, alternate, pe olate,

arrangement, up to 20 x 8 cm, pe ole up to 2 cm long, thick, flat on
oblong, decurrent at base, en re upper surface; lamina ellip c to
along margins, obtuse to retuse at obovate, up to 30 x 18 cm; cuneate
apex, glossy; primary vein to a enuate at base, serrate along
prominent, secondary veins, margins, short acuminate at apex,
indis nguishable; pe ole up to 2 cm thick, shining on upper surface.
long.
Flowers: Clustered near p of the
Flowers: Small, arranged in racemes, branches, white, turning reddish at
white petals with prominent brick lower half before falling, o en on
colored anthers, fragrant. older stems.

Fruits: Globular, up to 5 cm in Fruits: Ellipsoid to globose, about 7.5

diameter, smooth when young, cm in diameter, o en with persistent
wrinkled when ripe, single seeded, style and calyx.
yellowish red.
Notes: Along roadsides in Al nho
Notes: A few individuals planted region; nearly leafless at the
along D.B. road adjacent to the beginning of flowering
football ground.

4|TreesofPanjim 5|TreesofPanjim
Cassia fistula Cassia fistula L. Casuarina equise folia L. Casuarina equise folia

Common name: Amaltas, Golden Common name: Whistling pine,

Rain tree, Golden Shower. Australian pine

Local name: Balo

Local name: Saro
Family: Fabaceae
Family: Casuarinaceae
Flowering and frui ng: March -
August
Flowering and Frui ng: October -
Habit: Medium sized deciduous tree. April

Bark: Brown in color with fine

len cels Habit: A tall tree up to 25 m high,
branches o en drooping.
Leaves: Pinnately compound,
alternate, up to 75 cm long; rachis Bark: Brown, peels off in narrow
with pulvinus base; leaflets up to 5 linear strips.
pairs, opposite – subopposite;
pe olule up to 1 cm long, thick;
lamina ovate, ellip c – oblong up to Leaves: Reduces to scales on filiform,
27 x 14 cm, rounded at base, en re jointed needle like stems.
along margins, acuminate at apex,
upper surface dark green; secondary
veins very close. Leaflets are Flowers: Unisexual; male flowers on
opposite. They are ellip c with club shaped inflorescence at the p
of determinate branches, cream to
pointed ends. Dark green.
red color; female flowers pink in
color and produced on ter ary
Flowers: On pendulous racemes; woody branches.
yellow but usually fade to white over
the period of me.
Fruits: Pods up to 60 cm long, Fruits: Woody structures similar to
pendulous, cylindrical c 1.5 cm thick. cones of gymnosperms

Note: All over Panjim. Grown for its

green foliage and bright yellow Note: Planted along Mandovi river
bank from children's park to
flowers during summer. Caranzalem. A good wind breaker.

4|TreesofPanjim 5|TreesofPanjim
Cordia dichotoma Cordia dichotoma G.Forst. Delonix regia (Hook.) Raf. Delonix regia

Common name: Clammy cherry Common name: Flamboyant tree

Local name: Gulmohar

Local name: Bhokar
Family: Fabaceae
Family: Boraginaceae
Flowering and frui ng: April -
September
Flowering and frui ng: February -
May Habit: A tree with spreading canopy.

Bark: Rusty brown due to presence

Habit: Large Evergreen Tree with of fine len cels; dis nct horizontal
drooping/ trailing branches and lines are seen.
spreading canopy.
Bark: Grey to black, corky, with Leaves: Bipinnately compound up to
patches falling off in square blocks. 60 cm long, rachis pulvinate; primary
pinna up to 25 pairs, arising from the
upper side of grooved rachis; each
Leaves: Simple, alternate, pe olate, pinna up to 9 cm long with up to 25
ovate, up to 10 x 8 cm, oblique to pairs of leaflets; leaflets oblong, up
cuneate to cordate at base, slightly to 10 x 4 mm, oblique at base,
dentate along margins, acute to obtuse at apex.
acuminate at apex, dark green in
color. Flowers: Scarlet to red in color with
usually five petals. Occur in erect
terminal racemes.
Flowers: small, occurring in terminal
and axillary panicles, petals wavy, Fruits: Pods woody, flat, up to 45 cm
white. long; brown to black in color.

Note: An ornamental tree planted

Fruits: Globose, with persistent
along the avenues for its beau ful
calyx, pink; s cky pulp present on
foliage and bright scarlet to orange
maturity.
colored flowers during summer. A
good number of individuals are seen
Notes: Occasionally seen along in and around Goa handicra s
Campal roads. Fruits edible. emporia in Mala.

4|TreesofPanjim 5|TreesofPanjim
Eucalyptus tere cornis Eucalyptus tere cornis Sm. Ficus amplissima Sm. Ficus amplissima

Common name: Blue Gum, Common name: Indian Bat fig

Eucalyptus

Local name: Pipri vad

Family: Myrtaceae

Family: Moraceae
Flowering and frui ng: March -
September
Flowering and frui ng: All
Habit: Large Evergreen tree with a throughout the year
straight bole.

Habit: A tree with limited branching.

Bark: Dark brown, papery; o en
peeling off to reveal a smooth trunk.
Leaves: Simple, opposite to Bark: Grey with greenish nge and
alternate, up to 15cm long, pe ole c. dark minute len cels. Young
3 cm; lamina lanceolate, tapering at branches with prominent leaf scars.
both ends, en re along margins;
strong odour when crushed.
Leaves: Simple, alternate, s pulate;
s pule up to 1.5 cm long, covering
Flowers: Stalked, on a wheel like the leaf buds, pe ole up to 5 cm
inflorescence, with up to 9 flowers; long, light green, faintly grooved;
flowers small, petals highly reduced, lamina lanceolate – oblong, up to 18
anthers prominent. x 8 cm, cuneate at base, en re along
margins, acuminate at apex, shiny

Fruits: Small, woody capsule with

teeth. Figs: Usually borne on ter ary
branches, up to 1.5 cm in diameter,
pink in color.
Notes: Rarely seen. A few individuals
can be seen along the D.B. road,
adjacent to the Children's park.
Notes: Rare, along Ourem creek.

4|TreesofPanjim 5|TreesofPanjim
Ficus benghalensis Ficus benghalensis L. Ficus benjamina L. Ficus benjamina

Common name: Banyan tree Common name: Java Fig

Local name: Nandaruk vad

Local name: Wad
Family: Moraceae
Family: Moraceae
Flowering and frui ng: Throughout
the year
Flowering and frui ng: March - April
Habit: Much branched tree with
spreading canopy and several prop
Habit: A huge spreading tree with roots suppor ng the main trunk;
several prop roots suppor ng the milky latex present.
horizontal branches.
Bark: Greyish green in color with
irregular len cels.
Bark: Grey to brown with horizontal
streaks of len cels. Leaves: Simple, alternate, s pulate;
s pule up to 1 cm long, covering leaf
buds, caducous; pe ole up to 1.5 cm
Leaves: Simple, alternate, s pulate; long, grooved; lamina ellip c to
s pule protec ng leaf bud; pe ole oblong, up to 9 x 5 cm, acute at
up to 4 cm long; lamina ellip c to base, en re along margins,
long ovate, up to 18 x 10 cm, slightly acuminate at apex, secondary veins
cordate to cuneate at base, en re very fine.
along margins, acute to obtuse at
apex, secondary veins prominent,
basal secondary veins giving the Figs: Yellow, sessile and globose.
appearance of palmate vena on.
Synonym:
·Ficus microcarpa var. benjamina
Figs: Axillary, sessile, sub-globose,
orange-red in color. Note: Grown as avenue tree, can be
seen in Pa o (opposite to tourism
department)
Note: Seen along most avenues

4|TreesofPanjim 5|TreesofPanjim
Ficus callosa Ficus callosa Willd. Ficus exasperata Vahl. Ficus exasperata

Common name: Calloused Fig Common name: Forest sandpiper Fig

Local name: Kallalu Local name: Karwant

Family: Moraceae Family: Moraceae

Flowering and frui ng: All Flowering and frui ng: February -
throughout the year May

Habit: A large tree with spreading Habit: A medium sized deciduous

canopy; foliage crowded at the apex; tree
latex bearing
Bark: Grey with fine longitudinal
Bark: Dark brown to black, o en fissures and minute len cels
warty and covered with lichens;
deep horizontal ridges are Leaves: Simple, alternate, pe olate;
prominent. s pule covering the buds, leaves a
dis nct scar; pe ole up to 4.5 cm
Leaves: Simple, spirally alternate, long; lamina obovate to oblanceolate
s pulate, pe ole up to 5 cm long; to ellip c, up to 18 x 8 cm, slightly
lamina ovate to oblong, up to 17 x cordate at base, toothed along
10 cm, rounded at both ends, en re margins, acuminate at apex,
along margins, greyish green below, scabrous (rough) on both surfaces.
bo le green above, pubescent;
veina on prominent. Figs: Yellow figs; Completely leafless
during peak flowering and frui ng.
Figs: Axillary, solitary, pedicellate,
spherical, up to 3 cm in diameter, Notes: Occasionally seen in Al nho
green. and Pa o

Notes: Ocassionally seen on the Synonyms:

avenues of Campal and St. Inez. ·Ficus asperrima Roxb.

4|TreesofPanjim 5|TreesofPanjim
Ficus hispida Ficus hispida L.f. Ficus microcarpa L.f. Ficus microcarpa

Common name: Hairy Fig, River Fig. Common name: Glossy leaf fig,
Chinese Banyan
Local name: Kharvo
Local name: Kamrup

Family: Moraceae Family: Moraceae

Flowering and frui ng: Throughout Flowering and frui ng: Throughout
the year the year

Habit: Large evergreen tree with

Habit: A small tree with milky latex.
mul ple stem due to joining and
thickening of several prop roots;
Bark: Dark grey, o en with minute, spreading canopy; latex milky.
white len cels arranged in linear
rows. Bark: Grey to light brown in color;
len cels present; younger branches
with annular s pular scar.
Leaves: Simple, opposite or
alternate, s pule up to 2 cm long,
with tapering apex, caducous; Leaves: Simple, alternate, pe olate,
pe ole up to 10 cm long, rounded; s pulate; s pule cauducous, up to 6
lamina up to 35 x 15 cm, base mm long; pe ole up to 1.5 cm long,
rounded to sub-cordate, minutely channelled on upper surface; lamina
dentate to crenate along margins, obovate – ellip c, cuneate at base,
acuminate at apex, secondary veins en re along margins, acuminate at
prominent, scabrid. apex, upper surface smooth and
glossy.

Figs: Clustered on short peduncles

Figs: Syconia axillary, sessile,
directly on the main stem or on long
occurring in pairs, rarely solitary,
leafless pendulous branches, sub-
creamish yellow in color, surface
globose to obovoid, up to 2.8 cm
mo led.
across, hispid, with prominent
len cels on surface
Note: Usually found as an avenue
tree, can be seen along DB road,
Notes: Commonly seen in Al nho Campal, Pa o

4|TreesofPanjim 5|TreesofPanjim
Ficus racemosa Ficus racemosa L. Ficus religiosa L. Ficus religiosa

Common name: Cluster Fig, Country Common name: Sacred Fig, Bo Tree,
fig, Goolar Peepal

Local name: Rumad, Audumbar

Local name: Ashwatha
Family: Moraceae
Family: Moraceae
Flowering and frui ng: Throughout
the year
Flowering and frui ng: Throughout
the year
Habit: A medium to large sized tree
with milky latex.
Habit: A large tree with spreading
Bark: Brown, smooth with len cels canopy; milky latex present.
arranged linearly, deep fissures seen
on old trunks.
Bark: Brown to grey with ver cal
fissures.
Leaves: Simple, alternate; s pule up
to 1.3 cm long, lanceolate, caducous;
pe ole up to 4 cm long, channelled; Leaves: Simple, alternate, s pulate;
lamina variable in shape, usually s pule up to 3 cm long, caducous;
ellip c to oblong, up to 15 x 7 cm, pe ole up to 12 cm long, channelled
cuneate at base, en re along on the upper side; lamina ovate,
margins, acute to acuminate at apex. slightly cordate at base, undulate
along margins, caudate at apex, pale
Figs: In clusters on short stalks bourn green below, dark green above,
on the main trunk and primary secondary nerves joined along the
branches, globose to sub-globose, margins.
up to 3.5 cm across, turning red at
maturity
Figs: Sub-globose, sessile, up to 15
Notes: Commonly seen on roadsides mm in diameter, red to black.
and in gardens
Note: Present along DB road, Pa o,
Synonyms: Mahalaxmi temple
·Ficus glomerata Roxb.

4|TreesofPanjim 5|TreesofPanjim
 Ficus virens Ficus virens Aiton. Grewia teliifolia Vahl Grewia teliifolia

Common name: Glossy leaf fig, Common name: Dhaman

Chinese Banyan

Local name: Kamrup Local name: Dhaman

Family: Moraceae Family: Malvaceae

Flowering and frui ng: Throughout

the year Flowering and frui ng: April - June

Habit: Large evergreen tree with

mul ple stem due to joining and Habit: A small tree with spreading
thickening of several prop roots; canopy
spreading canopy; latex milky.

Bark: Brown, with longitudinal

Bark: Grey to light brown in color;
streaks of len cels
len cels present; younger branches
with annular s pular scar.
Leaves: Simple, alternate, dis chous;
Leaves: Simple, alternate, pe olate, s pule auriculate, caducous; pe ole
s pulate; s pule cauducous, up to 6 up to 5 cm long, thickened at both
mm long; pe ole up to 1.5 cm long, ends; lamina obliquely ovate, up to
channelled on upper surface; lamina 30 x 19 cm, obliquely cordate at
obovate – ellip c, cuneate at base, base, crenate – serrate along
en re along margins, acuminate at margins, acuminate along apex,
apex, upper surface smooth and palmately nerved, pale green below,
glossy. dark green above
Flowers: Yellow, in axillary umbels
Figs: Syconia axillary, sessile,
occurring in pairs, rarely solitary, Fruits: Two – three lobed; red when
creamish yellow in color, surface mature
mo led.

Notes: Can be commonly seen in

Note: Usually found as an avenue
Mala and Al nho
tree, can be seen along DB road,
Campal, Pa o

5|TreesofPanjim 4|TreesofPanjim
Kigelia africana Kigelia africana (Lam.) Benth. Macaranga peltata (Roxb.) Mull.Arg. Macaranga peltata

Common name: Sausage tree Common name: Chandada, Kenda

Family: Bignoniaceae
Local name: Chandado, Chandole
Flowering and frui ng: April -
September Family: Euphorbiaceae

Habit: A profusely branched tree. Flowering and frui ng: January -

Bark: Brown, with crowded len cels; March
old bark peels off in small flakes;
younger branches with dis nct leaf Habit: Medium sized tree with
scars straight bole and thin horizontal
branches
Leaves: Pinnately compound,
crowded near the p, up to 50 cm Bark: Variable in color, from brown
long; rachis pulvinate at base, to dark grey, peeling off in small
ridged; leaflets opposite - sub- flakes in old stem
opposite, sub-sessile, up to 10 in
number, lower ones smaller, oblong
– oblanceolate, up to 20 x 9 cm, Leaves: Simple, alternate, crowded
acute – oblique at base, slightly near the apex; s pule prominent,
recurved along the margin, acute – caducous; pe ole up to 20 cm long;
acuminate at the apex, coriaceous. lamina peltate, ovate, up to 25 x 20
cm, rounded at base, en re to
Flowers: On pendulous distantly dentate along margin,
inflorescence; peduncle up to 1 m acuminate at apex.
long.
Flowers: Flowers unisexual, male
Fruits: Sausage shaped, 40 cm long, and female on different trees, in
13 cm in diameter. axillary panicles.
Synonyms:
·Kigelia pinnata (Jacq.) D.C Fruits: A capsule, globose, c. 5mm
across.
Notes: Grown as an avenue tree; can
be seen along Campal - Miramar Notes: A fast growing tree, seen in
road, and also in Pa o a er the foot outskirts of city and Al nho. When
bridge. Bats are known to visit the injured/ cut, oozes a red sap.
flowers during dusk.

5|TreesofPanjim 4|TreesofPanjim
Markhamia lutea Markhamia lutea (Benth.) K.Schum Microcos paniculata L. Microcos paniculata

Common name: Siala, Nile Tulip. Common name: Shiral

Family: Bignoniaceae Local name: Asola, Chivra

Family: Malvaceae
Flowering and frui ng: April –
November Flowering and frui ng: March -
November

Habit: A less branched tree Habit: A small tree.

Bark: Brown to grey with Bark: Grey with do ed len cels

longitudinal fissures. arranged in a linear fashion.

Leaves: Simple, alternate; pe ole up

Leaves: Imparipinnately compound, to 1 cm long, thick near the apex;
opposite, pseudos pulate, up to 60 lamina lanceolate, up to 35 x 12 cm,
cm long; pseudos pule, foliaceous, slightly cordate to rounded at base
weakly serrate along margins, long
rounded; rachis pulvinate, acuminate along apex, 3 nerved
channelled above; leaflets up to 9, from the base, secondary veins seen
as impressions on upper surface.
opposite, sub-sessile, ovate to
ellip c, up to 23 x 13 cm.
Flowers: On terminal panicles,
yellow.
Flowers: In terminal panicles; corolla
yellow, up to 7 cm across. Fruits: A sub-globose to obovoid
berry on thickened short pedicel, up
to 1.3 x 1.3 cm; ripening black.
Fruits: Pods are linear and twisted,
brown with winged seeds. Note: A common plant along
undisturbed areas in the outskirts of
the city.
Notes: Seen on roadsides in St. Inez
and Jogger's park. Synonyms:
·Grewia nervosa (Lour.) Panigrahi

5|TreesofPanjim 4|TreesofPanjim
Millingtonia hortensis Millingtonia hortensis L.f. Monoon longifolium (Sonn.) B.Xue & R.M.K.Saunders Monoon longifolium

Common name: Siala, Nile Tulip. Common name: False Ashoka, Indian
Mast tree
Family: Bignoniaceae
Local name: Ashoka

Flowering and frui ng: April –

Family: Annonaceae
November
Flowering and frui ng: March - May
Habit: A less branched tree
Habit: A tall conical tree with
monopodial drooping branches.
Bark: Brown to grey with
longitudinal fissures. Bark: Dark brown to black with
rectangular cracks of different sizes.
Leaves: Imparipinnately compound,
opposite, pseudos pulate, up to 60 Leaves: Simple, alternate, dis chous;
Pe ole up to 1 cm long; Lamina
cm long; pseudos pule, foliaceous, lanceolate, up to 25 x 5 cm, rounded
rounded; rachis pulvinate, to acute at base, undulate along
channelled above; leaflets up to 9, margins, acute at apex. Young leaves
reddish green.
opposite, sub-sessile, ovate to
ellip c, up to 23 x 13 cm.
Flowers: In fascicles, at the axils of
fallen leaves, cream colored.
Flowers: In terminal panicles; corolla
yellow, up to 7 cm across. Fruits: Ellipsoid, shiny, purplish black
when ripe.

Fruits: Pods are linear and twisted, Note: Most preferred ornamental
brown with winged seeds. avenue tree due to its hardy nature
and conical shape.
Notes: Seen on roadsides in St. Inez
Synonyms:
and Jogger's park. ·Polyalthia longifolia (Sonn.)
Thwaites

5|TreesofPanjim 4|TreesofPanjim
Mu ngia calabura Mu ngia calabura L. Neolamarckia cadamba (Roxb.) Bosser. Neolamarckia cadamba

Common name: Singapore cherry; Common name: Burflower tree

Calabur Tree.

Local name: Paanchara Local name: Kadamb

Family: Mu ngiaceae
Family: Rubiaceae
Flowering and frui ng: Throughout the
year Flowering and frui ng: March- June
Habit: A small evergreen tree with
umbrella like spreading canopy; Habit: Large evergreen tree with
branches almost horizontal. spreading canopy.

Bark: Dark brown with underside of

Bark: Dark grey with deep fissures
horizontal branches with light grey color. and led cork.
Leaves: Simple, alternate, dis chous,
s pulate; pe ole small, up to 0.5 cm Leaves: Simple, opposite decussate;
long; lamina oblong – lanceolate, interpe olar s pule up to 2 cm long
oblique at base, serrate along margins, caducous, pe ole up to 6 cm long,
acuminate at apex, 3 – 5 nerved, pale
lamina ovate to ellip c to oblong, up
to 22 x 13 cm, cuneate to a enuate
green below, dark green above,
at base, en re along margins,
pubescent on both sides. acuminate at apex, secondary veins
Flowers: 1 – 3 in axillary clusters; pedicel prominent.
up to 2 cm long; sepals 5, spreading,
sepal ps prominently tapering and Flowers: In yellow to orange globose
projected in buds; petals 5, broadly heads, terminal in posi on,
characteris cally fragrant
obovate, 1 x 1 cm, clawed, white;
stamens numerous with yellow anthers;
nectary disc present; ovary with Fruits: Globose, infructescence,
orange.
prominent star shaped s gma, style
absent.
Notes: One very tall individual next
Fruits: Pinkish red, globose. Pulpy to fire sta on
Synonyms:
·Mu ngia calabura var. trinitensis Griseb. Synonyms:
·Anthocephalus cadamba (Roxb.)
Notes: Commonly seen in the outskirts. Miq.

5|TreesofPanjim 4|TreesofPanjim
Peltophorum pterocarpum Peltophorum pterocarpum (D.C.) Baker. ex. K.Hyne Pithecellobium dulce (Roxb.) Benth. Pithecellobium dulce

Common name: Copper pod Common name: Black bead

Local name: Peela gulmohar
Local name: Vilay chinch
Family: Fabaceae

Flowering and frui ng: Throughout the Family: Fabaceae

year
Flowering and frui ng: February -
Habit: Large deciduous tree with
June
irregular branching and Spreading
nature. Habit: A large deciduous armed tree.
Bark: Linear streaks of len cels on
Bark: Greyish brown with compactly
greyish brown bark; old bark fissures
arranged linear streaks of len cels;
longitudinally. well spaces horizontal ridges are
conspicuous.
Leaves: Bipinnately compound,
alternate, up to 45 cm long; rachis with
Leaves: Bipinnately compound,
pulvinus at base, fulvous; primary alternate; s pules modified into
pinnae up to 12 pairs, arising from the paired spines; rachis up to 3 cm long;
divided into 2 pinnae with 2 pinnae
upper side of rachis, up to 15 cm long;
each; leaflets obovate to oblique-
leaflets on each primary pinna up to 20 oblong, up to 5 x 2.3 cm.
pairs leaflets, sessile, oblong, oblique at
base. Flowers: Sessile, on globose
pedunculate heads in terminal
Flowers: Yellow, fragrant, in large panicles.
terminal panicles.

Fruits: Pods flat, rust of copper colored. Fruits: Pods are moniliform, twisted,
turning red when mature; aril white
to red enclosing black seeds.
Note: A common ornamental tree
Notes: Seen near Bharat petrol
planted mostly on avenues; gives a
pump; rare within the city, but quite
yellow carpet of fallen petals during frequent in outskirts. A racts birds
peak flowering season. during frui ng season.

5|TreesofPanjim 4|TreesofPanjim
Salvadora persica Salvadora persica L. Saraca asoca (Roxb.) Willd. Saraca asoca

Common name: Tooth brush tree Common name: Ashok, Sita-Ashok

Local name: Pilu

Local name: Jasundi
Family: Salvadoraceae
Family: Fabaceae
Flowering and frui ng: March - June
Flowering and frui ng: April - July
Habit: Small tree, also occurring as a
shrub or liana; branches drooping
Habit: Small evergreen tree with
spreading canopy.
Bark: Greyish with lot of len cels.

Bark: Greyish brown in color with

Leaves: Simple, opposite-decussate;
small and crouded len cels.
pe ole up to 1.7 cm long; lamina
variable in shape and size, ovate –
Leaves: Pinnately compound,
ellip c, up to 9 x 6.5 (-8.5) cm, cuneate alternate, up to 60 cm long, usually
at base, en re along margins, acute at
drooping; leaflets opposite, pe olule
about 5 mm long, slightly fla ened;
apex; secondary veins faint; upper and leaflets oblong to lanceolate, up to
lower surfaces almost indis nguishable, 35 x 10 cm, lower most pair almost
at the base of the rachis, base o en
glabrous. with glands; young leaves red,
turning dark green on maturity.
Flowers: Small greenish yellow;
occurring in terminal panicles. Flowers: Yellowish orange or scarlet
color; occurring in clusters
Fruits: Small, globose, pinkish – purplish
berries. Fruits: Thick and beaked

Note: Commonly seen along the roads in

Note: Rare, seen planted along DB
Mala. road; drooping leaves characteris c.

5|TreesofPanjim 4|TreesofPanjim
 Senna siamea Senna siamea (Lam.) H.S.Irwin & Barneby Spathodea campanulata P.Beauv. Spathodea campanulata

Common name: Ironwood Common name: African tulip tree,

Fountain tree
Local name: Kassod
Local name: Rugtoora
Family: Fabaceae

Flowering and frui ng: April - October Family: Bignoniaceae

Habit: A medium sized tree with Flowering and frui ng: April –
spreading branches. November

Bark: Brown to dark grey with linearly Habit: A deciduous tree growing up
placed brown len cels to 15 m high with irregular branches
and dense canopy.
Leaves: Pinnately compound, alternate,
up to 40 cm long; rachis pulvinate, Bark: Brown to dark grey with small
len cels arranged in ver cal streaks;
channelled above; leaflets up to 12 young branches with prominent leaf
pairs, pe olulate, oblong – lanceolate, scars and lens shaped len cels.
up to 6.5 x 2.5 cm, pale green below,
dark green above Leaves: Imparipinnately compound,
up to 90 cm long; leaflets opposite,
Flowers: On panicles, yellow, on 3.5 cm sub-sessile, oblong to ellip c, up to
long pedicel, up to 2 cm across, ovary 20 x 8 cm, oblique at base with few
glands, en re along margins, obtuse
sickle shaped. at apex, thick, nerves prominent on
lower surface.
Fruits: Pods linear, up to 20 cm long

Flowers: Scarlet colored, occurring in

Notes: Commonly seen along DB road
terminal panicles.
and in all public gardens; a wonderful
ornamental tree
Fruits: Pods thick, pointed upwards.

Synonyms:
·Cassia siamea Lam. Notes: A common ornamental tree
in gardens and along the avenues.

5|TreesofPanjim 4|TreesofPanjim
 Tamarindus indica Tamarindus indica L. Tectona grandis L.f. Tectona grandis

Common name: Imli, Tamarind Common name: Teak

Local name: Chinch Local name: Saguan

Family: Fabaceae Family: Lamiaceae

Flowering and frui ng: June - October Flowering and frui ng: May -
September
Habit: A large deciduous tree with
Habit: A deciduous tree usually with
irregularly branching.
a straight pole.

Bark: Dark brown bark with irregular

Bark: Light brown with len cels,
fissures. longitudinally fissured on old stems

Leaves: Pinnately compound, alternate, Leaves: Simple, opposite; pe ole up

on swollen nodes, up to 11 x 4 cm;
to 10 cm long; lamina ovate, up to 55
x 30 cm, cuneate to a enuate at
leaflets up to 15 pairs, a ached to upper base, en re along margins, short
side of grooved rachis, sub-sessile, acuminate to acute at apex, leathery,
secondary veins dis nct.
opposite, oblong, up to 1.9 x 0.8 cm.

Flowers: Small white, on large

Flowers: Yellow with pinkish streaks, terminal panicles.
occurring in axillary racemes.
Fruits: Sub-globose, c. 1.5 cm across,
Fruits: Pods, with brown shell, o en enclosed by an enlarged papery
calyx
constricted; seeds 1 to several,
embedded in brownish sour pulp.
Notes: Bhatlem, Al nho, Children's
park, Ambedkar park
Notes: Sca ered popula on throughout
the city.

5|TreesofPanjim 4|TreesofPanjim
Teminalia catappa Thespesia populnea
Terminalia catappa L. Thespesia populnea (L.) Soland. ex. Corréa.

Common name: Malabar almond Common name: Indian Tulip Tree

Local name: Jangli badam

Local name: Bhindi
Family: Combretaceae
Family: Malvaceae
Flowering and frui ng: October - June
Flowering and frui ng: Throughout
Habit: A large deciduous tree, o en with the year
bu ressed roots and whorled horizontal
branches. Habit: A medium sized tree.

Bark: Greyish in color with longitudinally

Bark: Dark brown to brown in color
elongated len cels; young branches with
with large, red len cels arranged in
prominent leaf scars. ver cal streaks.

Leaves: Simple, alternate, crowded at

Leaves: Simple, alternate, pe olate;
apex; pe ole up to 2 cm long, thick,
pe ole up to 15 cm long; lamina
rounded; lamina obovate, up to 25 x 35 ovate, up to 17 x 16 cm, cordate at
cm, acute – cordate at base, en re along base, en re along margins,
margins, obtuse – acuminate at apex. acuminate to caudate at apex

Flowers: Small, yellow, arranged in Flowers: Solitary, axillary; pedicel up

terminal spikes. Fragrant. to 11 cm long; calyx cup shaped, c.
1.5 cm across; petals 5, forming bell
Fruits: Ovoid with a beak. Reddish green. shaped corolla, 7 cm across, yellow,
turning red before falling
Note: A tree much preferred as
ornamental for its symmetrical canopy, Fruits: Capsule, sub-globose,
horizontal whorled branches, large depressed on the top, partly covered
leaves which turn red before falling off. by cup shaped calyx at the base.
Extrafloral nectaries o en found at base Produces yellow latex on cu ng.
of the leaf are seen a rac ng ants. Seen
all over the city. Note: Can be seen children's park,
joggers park and Miramar

mijnaPfoseerT|5 4|TreesofPanjim
Vachellia nilo ca Vachellia nilo ca (L.) P.J.H. Hurter and Mabb. Ziziphus mauri ana Lam. Ziziphus mauri ana

Common name: Gum Arabic tree, Common name: Ber, Chinese apple
Prickly Acacia
Local name: Bora
Local name: Babool
Family: Rhamnaceae
Family: Fabaceae

Habit: A tree with spreading branches Flowering and frui ng: October -
March
Bark: Dark grey with deep ver cal
fissures; peeling off in long ver cal strips Habit: A medium sized tree.

Leaves: Bipinnately compound, Bark: Bark dark brown with ver cal
fissures; fissures deep in old stem;
alternate; two slender straight spines
branches arching and spreading.
present at the base; rachis pubescent
when young, with extra-floral nectary Leaves: Simple, alternate, pe olate;
s pules modified into short spines;
between basal and topmost pinnae,
pe ole up to 1.3 cm long; lamina
leaflets minute, oblong, opposite, up to ovate-ellip c – orbicular, rounded to
20 pairs slightly oblique base, up to 4 x 6 cm,
serrulate along margins, obtuse at
Flowers: Flowers yellow, on pedunculate apex, rarely mucronate, 3-nerved
from base, whi sh on lower side,
axillary globose heads in fascicles;
dark green on upper side.
peduncle up to 2 cm long
Flowers: In axillary cymose
Fruits: Pods, constricted between seeds, inflorescence, pedicellate, c. 6 mm
moniliform across, flat, star shaped, greenish
yellow; petals minute, caducous.
Notes: Seen near four pillars as well as in
Campal (near home science college) Fruits: Sub-globose, up to 2 cm in
diameter, fleshy, green – orange in
Synonyms: color.

·Acacia nilo ca (L.) Delile. Notes: A common tree in St. Inez

and slopes of Al nho; preferred for
its fleshy fruits.

5|TreesofPanjim 4|TreesofPanjim
Home and public gardens
 Aegle marmelos Aegle marmelos (L.) Corrêa Agathis robusta (C. Moore ex. F. Muell) F.M. Bailey Agathis robusta

Common name: Stone apple, Indian Common name: Kauri Pine

quince
Family: Araucariaceae
Local name: Bel
Habit: An evergreen tree up to 25m
Family: Rutaceae tall; bole straight with monopodial
drooping branches.
Flowering and frui ng: April - June
Bark: Brown with irregular flakes and
Habit: An armed tree with irregular small len cels; horizontal streaks are
drooping branches prominent.
Bark: Grey with faint linear fissures;
flaking in blocks Leaves: Simple, opposite -
subopposite, dis chous; Lamina
Leaves: Trifoliolate; rachis up to 4 cm ellip c, cuneate at base, acute at
long, slightly swollen at base; leaflets apex, midrib absent.
sub-sessile, ellip c, lateral up to 10 x
5 cm, terminal up to 16 x 8 cm, Note: Seen only in children's park;
cuneate at base, crenate along cones were never no ced.
margins, acuminate at apex.
Flowers: In axillary or terminal racemose panicles,
white in color

Fruits: Globose to ovoid, woody, up to 10 cm across

Notes: Seen in Ambedkar park as well as jogger's park.

Also seen in temples. Spines paired, axillary, up to 5 cm
long.

2|TreesofPanjim 2|TreesofPanjim
Anacardium occidentale Anacardium occidentale L. Annona muricata L. Annona muricata

Common name: Cashew nut Common name: Soursop

Local name: Kaju Local name: Hanuman phal, Laxman

phal
Family: Anacardiaceae
Family: Annonaceae
Flowering and frui ng: November -
May Flowering and frui ng: August -
October
Habit: A small evergreen o en low
spreading tree. Habit: A small tree.

Bark: Usually grey to dark grey with Bark: Greyish brown in color, with
fine longitudinal fissures shallow longitudinal fissures.
Leaves: Simple, alternate, crowded at
Leaves: Simple, alternate, pe ole up apex; pe ole c. 0.8 cm long; lamina
to 2 cm long; lamina obovate to ellip c to long ellip c, up to 18 x 5
oblong to ellip c, up to 18 x 12 cm, cm, cuneate to rounded at base,
secondary veins prominent on lower en re along margins, acuminate to
side. mucronate at apex, glabrous texture.
Flowers: Pinkish red to greenish white in
color, occurring in terminal cymes.

Fruits: A nut, bean shaped; arising from

cashew apple which is green to yellow to
red in color.

Flowers: Borne on branches and seldom on trunk, solitary,

trimerous, lemon yellow in color, up to 5 cm long, petals
thick

Fruits: Can be heart shaped or curved, up to 20 x 12 cm,

covered with spiny projec ons, all over the surface, green
Note: Common to all avenues and gardens. in color.
Na ve of South America, cul vated elsewhere.
Notes: Rare. Seen only in some home gardens in Al nho.
Fruit Edible.

2|TreesofPanjim 2|TreesofPanjim
 Annona squamosa Annona squamosa L. Araucaria columnaris (G.Forst.) Hook. Araucaria columnaris

Common name: Custard Apple Common name: Christmas Tree,

Monkey puzzle Tree
Local name: Sitaphal, Sharifa
Family: Araucariaceae
Family: Annonaceae
Habit: An evergreen tree with conical
canopy; branches o en in whorls,
Habit: A small tree. lower ones drooping.
Bark: Dark brown with len cels
Bark: Grey, highly corky with deep oriented horizontally.
fissures and ridges.
Leaves: Leaves are ovate, up to 6 x
5mm on determinate branches.
Leaves: Simple, alternate, dis chous;
pe ole c. 1cm long; lamina ellip c to
long ellip c, up to 10 x 3.5 cm,
cuneate to rounded at base, en re
along margins, obtuse at apex, pale
green

Flowers: Axillary, solitary, or in fascilces,

trimerous, pendulous, greenish yellow, up to
3 cm long, petals thick

Fruits: Fruit globose, green with white

bloom, up to 8 cm across.

Note: Seen in children's park and also in residen al

areas of Campal. A whi sh resin was observed
oozing from the point of injury.
Notes: Commonly grown in home gardens,
occasionally seen along roads
Synonym: Araucaria cookie R.Br. ex Endl.

2|TreesofPanjim 2|TreesofPanjim
 Averrhoa bilimbi Averrhoa bilimbi L. Averrhoa carambola L. Averrhoa carambola

Common name: Cucumber tree,

Common name: Carambola Star fruit
Bilimbi Tree.
Local name: Kamral
Local name: Bimbla
Family: Oxalidaceae
Family: Oxalidaceae
Flowering and frui ng: October -
Flowering and frui ng: February -
December
October
Habit: A small tree
Habit: A small tree, less branched
Bark: Dark grey; young branches red.
Bark: Brown to dark grey with
Leaves: Pinnately compound,
len cels; young branches with alternate; rachis pulvinate; leaflets
prominent leaf scars. opposite to sub opposite;
pe olulate, ovate to oblong-ellip c,
Leaves: Pinnately compound, usually basal ones up to 3.5 x 2.5 cm,
crowded near the apex, up to 50 cm terminal ones up to 9 x 4.5 cm,
long; rachis pulvinate; leaflets juvenile needs red in color.
opposite to sub-opposite up to 35, Flowers: Red to pink in color in
drooping on either side of the rachis, panicles, either on old stem or on
ovate to lanceolate, up to 10 x 3.5 axillary posi ons
cm, slightly cordate at base, en re to
wavy along margins, acuminate at
apex

Flowers: Purplish red, on a panicle from the trunk or

main branches (cauliflory).

Fruits: Oblongoid, slightly five obtusely five angled, Fruits: Oblongoid, 5-6 angled, up to 7 x 5 cm
up to 8 x 2.5 cm long
Notes: Seen in joggers park, also cul vated in
Notes: Commonly encountered in public and home home gardens.
gardens throughout the city.

2|TreesofPanjim 2|TreesofPanjim
 Azadirachta indica Azadirachta indica A.Juss. Bombax ceiba L. Bombax ceiba

Common name: Neem, Margosa Common name: Indian Kapok, Red

Tree, Indian Lilac Silk Co on Tree

Local name: Savar

Local name: Kadulimb
Family: Malvaceae
Family: Meliaceae
Flowering and frui ng: February -
June
Flowering and frui ng: April - July
Habit: A deciduous tree o en with
Habit: A medium sized tree with whorled branches.
irregular branching
Bark: Stem spiny, with brown
Bark: Brown, fissured longitudinally, len cels in linear streaks.
flakes off irregularly. Leaves: Palmately compound,
alternate, crowded at apex; rachis up
to 30 cm long, swollen at base;
Leaves: Pinnately compound, pe olule up to 2 cm; leaflets usually
alternate, up to 35 cm long, crowded 5, middle one larger, ellip c to
near the apex; rachis with swollen oblong-lanceolate, up to 22 x 9
base; leaflets opposite or sub- cuneate at base, en re along
margins, long acuminate at apex
opposite, up to 13, lanceolate, up to
Flowers: Scarlet red in color, cup
9 x 2.5 cm, oblique at base, serrate shaped.
along margins, acute to acuminate at
apex.

Flowers: Small, greenish white arranged in axillary

panicles near branch p.
Fruits: Ovoid, oblongoid to long ellipsoid; split
Fruits: Small, oblongoid, yellowish green open to release seeds embedded in co on like
fibres.
Notes: Occasionally seen in Al nho, St. Inez
Note: Mostly seen in undisturbed areas

2|TreesofPanjim 2|TreesofPanjim
 Buchanania cochinchinensis Buchanania cochinchinensis (Lour.) M.R. Almeida Butea monosperma (Lam.) Kuntze Butea monosperma

Common name: Caddapah almond Common name: Dhak, Flame of the

forest
Local name: Char
Local name: Phalas

Family: Anacardiaceae Family: Fabaceae

Flowering and frui ng: January - Flowering and frui ng: February -
May May

Habit: A tree with crooked branches.

Habit: A medium sized tree with
irregular branching Bark: Bark brownish with fine
longitudinal fissures.
Bark: dark grey with longitudinal
irregular fissures Leaves: Trifoliolate, alternate; rachis
up to 30 cm long, pulvinus at base,
terminal leaflet with longer pe ole,
Leaves: Simple, alternate; pe ole up deltoid, up to 25 x 25 cm, cuneate at
to 2.5 cm long, thickened at base, base, en re along margins, rounded
at apex; lateral leaflets oblique at
lamina ellip c to oblong, up to 30 x base, up to 20 x 25 cm.
15 cm, cuneate to oblique at base,
en re along margin, obtuse at apex,
pale green and silky hairs beneath,
dark green above, secondary veins
dis nct

Flowers: In terminal clustered panicle, cream colored

Fruits: c. 1 cm in diameter, sub-globose, purple.

Flowers: Orange to scarlet red colored, velvety in texture.
Synonym: Buchanania lanzan Spreng.
Fruits: Pods are flat, hairy and single seeded.
Notes: One healthy specimen seen in Jogger's park.
Notes: Rare, seen in Campal. It is very common in hinterland of Goa. Flowers appear a er
shedding leaves.

2|TreesofPanjim 2|TreesofPanjim
 Cascabela theve a Cascabela theve a (L.) Lippold Cinnamomum verum J.Presl Cinnamomum verum

Common name: Yellow oleander, Common name: Cinnamon tree

Lucky nut
Local name: Dalchini
Local name: Kaner

Family: Apocynaceae Family: Lauraceae

Flowering and frui ng: February - Flowering and frui ng: October -
October December
Habit: A small evergreen tree with
milky latex. Habit: A medium sized deciduous
tree with globose canopy.
Bark: Grey with len cels o en Bark: Dark brown, distantly placed
arranged horizontally; young horizontal ridges and numerous
branches with sca ered len cels. ver cally arranged len cels.

Leaves: Simple, alternate, spirally Leaves: Simple, opposite, pe ole c. 1

arranged, sub-sessile; lamina linear, cm; lamina dis nctly ovate, cordate
up to 20 x 1.7 cm, tapering at both at base, en re along margins, acute
ends, lower surface dull green, upper to acuminate at apex, prominent
surface dark green, shiny. parallel veina on; young leaves light
green with red apex, older leaves
Flowers: Occurring in terminal dark green in color.
cymes, Funnel shaped, sepals
spreading; corolla yellow to
some mes orange, up to 7.5 cm
long, with 4 cm across.

Fruits: Sub-globose, faintly bilobed

with two furrows, up to 4 x 4.5 cm,
sepals in frui ng either caducous or
recurved.

Synonyms:
·Theve a peruviana (Pers.) K. Schum.
Flowers: On axillary cymes; flowers about 1 cm in diameter, yellowish green in color,
·Theve a neriifolia Juss. ex. Steud. fragrant.

Fruits: Berry, up to 2 cm in length, purple in color

Note: Planted as a hedge plant, maintained as a
shrub. Notes: Rare. Seen only in few home gardens in Campal.

2|TreesofPanjim 2|TreesofPanjim
Conocarpus lancifolius Conocarpus lancifolius Engl. Cordia sebestena L. Cordia sebestena

Common name: Damas Common name: Geranium Tree

Family: Combretaceae Local name: Bohari

Flowering and frui ng: January - Family: Boraginaceae

March
Flowering and frui ng: April -
October
Habit: A medium sized conical tree
Bark: Grey to brown with Habit: A small tree with regular
longitudinal fissures, peeling off in drooping branches.
linear irregular flakes.
Bark: Dark brown with longitudinal
Leaves: Simple, alternate, spiral; fissures; prominent leaf scars seen
pe ole 0.8 cm long; lamina ellip c to on terminal branches.
lanceolate, up to 10 x 2.5 cm,
alternate at base to en re along Leaves: Simple, alternate, crowded
margins, acute at apex. At the base near the apex of branches; pe oles
of the lamina, two glands are up to 3 cm long, swollen at base,
present; at junc on of secondary hairy; lamina ovate - ellip c, up to 25
x 12 cm, acute at base, wavy along
veins and mid vein, doma a like the margin, acuminate – rounded at
structures are seen. apex; secondary veins prominent.

Flowers: Orange, present in terminal

cymes, pedicellate; calyx up to 2 cm
Flowers and Fruits: Not seen in this long, tubular; corolla with 4 cm across,
part of the world. Growing only in the 6 lobed, tube up to 3 cm long.
vegeta ve state in the study area.
Fruits: Ovoid in shape, green with
Notes: Three handsome trees seen in white dots.
St. Inez. Most likely to be introduced
from outside India by a local Note: Occasionally seen in gardens,
enthusiast. can be seen in Kala academy and
Garcia da Orta academy.

2|TreesofPanjim 2|TreesofPanjim
 Couroupita guianensis Couroupita guianensis Aubl. Dalbergia lanceolaria L.f. Dalbergia lanceolaria

Common name: Canon ball tree Common name: Takoli

Local name: Shivling Local name: Dandus

Family: Lecythidaceae
Family: Fabaceae

Flowering and frui ng: March – July Flowering and frui ng: September -
October
Habit: Normally a huge tree
Bark: Brown to grey, with lot of Habit: A medium sized tree,
len cels arranged in linear fashion sparingly branched.
and with ver cal fissures in old stem
Bark: Dark grey, flaking off in large
Leaves: Simple, alternate, crowded irregular patches; minute numerous
at apex, pe ole up to 1.2 cm long, len cels.
pubescent when young; leaves
oblanceolate, up to 35 x 12 cm,
tapering at base, slightly crenate Leaves: Pinnately compound,
along margins, acuminate at apex, alternate, dis chous; rachis
secondary veins dis nct, glabrasent pulvinate, up to 30 cm long; ; leaflets
on both surfaces on 5 mm long pe olule, alternate,
ellip c to obovate to oblong, cuneate
base, en re margin, retuse apex,
pale green below, bo le green
above, up to 17 in number.
Flowers: Pale to pinkish white in color, 6-9 mm
long.

Fruits: Single seeded pods, narrow at both ends,

dark green in color.

Flowers: Orange to red, in long

pendulous racemes from the main
trunk; 8-12 cm across; stamens joint
together to form a snake hood like
struncture
Notes: Only one handsome individual
Notes: One young tree is seen in Ambedkar park. It seen in Joggers park
Fruits: Globose, up to 20 cm across,
is not mature enough to flower. brown in color

2|TreesofPanjim 2|TreesofPanjim
 Dalbergia la folia Dalbergia la folia Roxb. Dalbergia sissoo Roxb. ex D.C. Dalbergia sissoo

Common name: Black rosewood, Common name: Indian Rosewood

Blackwood
Local name: Shisham
Local name: Siso

Family: Fabaceae Family: Fabaceae

Flowering and frui ng: October - Flowering and frui ng: March - May
January
Habit: Large deciduous tree with
Habit: A deciduous tree. irregular branching and spreading
Bark: Bark is black to grey brown in crown; o en with a crooked
color with irregularly peeling flakes. appearance.
Leaves: Pinnately compound,
alternate, dis chous, up to 35 cm
long; rachis pulvinus at base; leaflets Bark: Grey, corky, deep longitudinal
alternate with about 1 cm pe olule; fissures, peeling off in rectangular
lower leaflets smaller, ovate to blocks.
ellip c, up to 5 x 4.5 cm; terminal
leaflet orbicular up to 8 x 7 cm; acute Leaves: Pinnately compound,
to slightly oblique at base, en re alternate, up to 17 cm long; leaflets
along margins, rounded at apex. round, up to 7 x 7 cm, cuneate at
base, en re along margins,
acuminate at apex, greyish green
below, dark green above.

Flowers: Borne in clusters; flowers up to 1.3 cm

long, sessile, creamish pink in color.

Fruits: Pods oblong to lanceolate, up to 8 cm long,

thin, 4 – 6 seeded.

Notes: Occasionally in public gardens.

Flowers: On terminal panicles, pedicellate; pedicel filiform, up to 3 mm long; calyx white,

cup shaped, divided intoupper lip with 2 lobes and lower lip with 3 lobes; petals 5,
paplionaceous, white in color.
Fruits: Pods are papery thin.
Notes: Rare, seen in Pa o and opposite to children's park.

2|TreesofPanjim 2|TreesofPanjim
 Dillenia indica Dillenia indica L. Erythrina variegata L. Erythrina variegata

Common name: Elephant apple Common name: Indian Coral Tree

Local name: Pangar
Local name: Vadli karmal
Family: Fabaceae
Family: Dilleniaceae
Flowering and frui ng: June -
Flowering and frui ng: July - September
October

Habit: A medium sized tree with Habit: A medium sized tree,

symmetric canopy sparingly branched.
Bark: Brown, peels off in brown
papery flakes. Bark: Brown, with spines on tubercle
base; len cels in well-spaced linear
Leaves: Simple, altenate, usually streaks; bark peeling off in flakes.
crowded near the apex; pe ole up to
10 cm long, widely channelled, broad
at base; lamina obovate to Leaves: Trifoliate, alternate, rachis up
oblanceolate, up to 50 x 18 cm, to 25 cm long, pulvinate; leaflets
cuneate to rounded at base, crenate- lateral, two, on short pe ole of 1 cm
dentate along margins, acuminate at long, broadly ovate to deltoid, up to
apex; secondary veins prominent, 12 x 12 cm, truncate base, en re
numerous, each ending at the along margin, acuminate at apex;
dentate margin terminal leaflet broadly ovate to
deltoid, 18 x 18 cm.
Flowers: Scarlet red in color. Occur in terminal
racemes.

Fruits: Pods are cylindrical in shape.

Notes: An ornamental tree species occasionally

seen in gardens.

Flowers: Solitary, with thick pedicel, white colored, up to 15 cm across

Fruits: Sub-globose, up to 15 cm across, enclosed by accrescent sepals.

Notes: Rare. Seen in Ambedkar garden

2|TreesofPanjim 2|TreesofPanjim
Ficus binnendijkii Ficus binnendijkii Miq. Ficus elas ca Roxb. ex. Hornem Ficus elas ca

Common name: Narrow leaf fig Common name: Rubber fig

Family: Moraceae Local name: Rabracho vad

Flowering and frui ng: Not observed Family: Moraceae

Habit: A tree with few branches, Flowering and frui ng: Not observed
aerial roots seen above 1.5 m.
Bark: Grey with greenish nge and
with numerous len cels Habit: A spreading tree with mul ple
stems, due to the establishment of
prop roots; latex milky
Leaves: On ul mate drooping
branches, simple, alternate; pe ole
up to 2.5 cm long, channelled, Bark: with prominent compactly
lamina-linear to oblong, cuneate at arranged len cels
base, en re along margins, up to 23
x 4 cm, long acuminate at apex, Leaves: Simple, alternate; s pules
surface shiny; midrib prominent, red – yellow, lanceolate, up to 28 cm
secondary veins forming long, covering the young leaf buds at
intramarginal loops branch p; pe ole up to 7 cm long,
thick; lamina ellip c to ellip c-
Figs: Not observed on this specimen oblong, up to 25 x 15 cm, rounded to
cuneate at base, en re along margin,
Note: A single tree seen in Garcia da acuminate at apex, young ones
Orta garden. reddish green in color, shining above,
secondary veins faint.

Figs: not observed.

Notes: In kala academy and Al nho.

2|TreesofPanjim mijnaPfoseerT|2
 Ficus nctoria Ficus nctoria subsp. gibbosa (Blume) Corner Filicium decipiens (Wight & Arn.) Thwaites Filicium decipiens

Common name: Dye fig Common name: Fern Tree

Local name: Da r Family: Sapindaceae

Family: Moraceae Flowering and frui ng: Not seen.

Flowering and frui ng: All Habit: A small tree with dense
throughout the year foliage.

Habit: Usually parasi c on other Bark: Dark grey, corky.

Ficus spp., rarely establishing on soil.
Milky latex present. Leaves: Pinnately compound,
alternate; rachis winged; leaflets sub-
Bark: Greyish brown, numerous opposite – opposite, sessile, oblong –
len cels. linear, up to 10 x 1.5 cm, oblique at
base, en re along margins, acute –
Leaves: Simple, alternate, dis chous; acuminate – retuse at apex,
s pule up to 1 cm long, caducous, secondary veins, numerous, feeble,
leaving a prominent scar; pe ole up
to 5 mm long; lamina coriaceous, surface glossy.
ellip c – lanceolate, oblique at base,
en re along margins, acuminate at Flowers: Rare. White, small,
apex, light green below, dark green occurring in axillary panicles.
above with sca ered white spots,
scabrid. Fruits: Rare. Ovoid. Purple in color
and shiny.
Figs: Not seen as the individuals
were not mature enough to bear figs
.

Synonym:
·Ficus parasi ca Willd. Note: Cul vated for its beau ful dark green dense
foliage, leaves turn yellow before falling, leaves look
Notes: Seen in Campal, Pa o as parasite like that of fern; planted extensively in Pa o and also
on other species. seen in gardens including Garcia da Orta garden.

2|TreesofPanjim 2|TreesofPanjim
 Garcinia indica Garcinia indica (Thouars) Choisy Gliricidia sepium (Jacq.) Steud. Gliricidia sepium

Common name: Goa Bu er Common name: Quicks ck tree

Local name: Bhiranda, Kokum Local name: Giripushp, Sarya jhadh

Family: Fabaceae
Family: Clusiaceae
Flowering and frui ng: February -
Flowering and frui ng: November - March
June
Habit: A small tree with weak stem
Habit: A tree with conical canopy
and drooping branches. Bark: Grey to reddish with white
len cels
Bark: Dark brown colored with fine Leaves: Leaves imparipinate up to 35
fissures.
cm long, rachis pulvinate; leaflets
opposite to sub-opposite,
Leaves: Simple, opposite decussate,
pe olate; pe ole up to 1.5 cm long; pe olulate, pe olule up to 6 mm
lamina ellip c – ovate, cuneate at long; lamina ovate – oblong, up to 8
base, en re along margin, acute – x 4.7 cm
acuminate at apex, shiny; secondary
veins indis nct; young foliage red in Flowers: On raceme, near the end of
color. the branches, pink to lilac.
Fruits: Flat, up to 15 cm long
Flowers: Unisexual, small, yellow.
Fruits: Globose, smooth, reddish
purple in color when fully ripe.

Notes: Rare; seen in residen al areas of Campal.

Though this endemic tree of Western Ghats is
common throughout the state.

Notes: Leafless during flowering, plant

recognisable by its characteris c smell

2|TreesofPanjim 2|TreesofPanjim
 Gmelina arborea Gmelina arborea Roxb. ex Sm. Grevillea robusta A.Cunn. ex. R.Br Grevillea robusta

Common name: White teak Common name: Silver oak

Local name: Shivan Family: Proteaceae

Family: Lamiaceae Flowering and frui ng: March - June

Flowering and frui ng: March - April Habit: A tree with straight bole

Habit: A sparingly branched tree Bark: Grey to dark grey, smooth to

longitudinally fissured; ul mate
Bark: Light grey with minute branches with leaf scars
len cels, o en lichen patches are
seen
Leaves: Pinnately compound,
alternate, up to 35 cm long; rachis
Leaves: Simple, opposite, pe olate;
pe ole up to 20 cm long, rounded; pulvinate and channelled; pinnae
lamina ovate to deltoid, up to 25 x 20 opposite to sub opposite, lobed, up
cm, cordate to truncate to cuneate at to 11 cm long, silvery white beneath
base, en re along margins, Flowers: Yellowish to orange on one
acuminate at apex, secondary veins side of the inflorescence, that arise
dis nct, lower surface, velvety
from old stem.
Flowers: In terminal branches, up to
5 cm long, yellow, with red nge, Fruits: Not observed.
corolla trumpet shaped

Fruits: Obovoid, up to 2.5 x 2 cm

Notes: Seen in jogger's park

Note: Isolated individuals seen

in gardens

2|TreesofPanjim 2|TreesofPanjim
Holoptelea integrifolia Holoptelea integrifolia (Roxb.) Planch. Jacaranda mimosifolia D.Don Jacaranda mimosifolia

Common name: Indian elm Common name: Neelmohar, Blue

Jacaranda
Local name: Vamvloa
Family: Bignoniaceae
Family: Ulmaceae
Flowering and frui ng: November -
Flowering and frui ng: February -
May January

Habit: A medium to large deciduous Habit: A medium sized tree

tree Bark: Brown to grey with numerous
fine len cels
Bark: Brown to grey, with white
len cels arranged longitudinally; Leaves: Bipinnately compound,
peeling off in patches in old stem opposite (rarely sub-opposite),
Leaves: Simple, alternate, dis chous, decussate, up to 50 cm long,
on brown len cellate young pulvinate; pinnae, up to 23 pairs,
branches; pe ole up to 1.5 cm long;
lamina ellip c to oblong, up to 19 x alternate, sub-opposite to opposite,
10 cm, sub-cordate at base, en re up to 13 cm long; leaflets up to 25
along margins, acuminate at apex, pairs on each pinna, opposite, long
pale green below
ellip c to oblong, up to 1.2 x 0.3 cm,
Flowers: Appear when leafless, cuneate at base, mucrinate at apex,
clustered, purple in color terminal leaflet much longer
Fruits: Winged (samara), up to 3 cm
across

Notes: One individual in Pa o and one in front

of Home Science college in Campal. Ul mate
branches o en drooping; leaves give a peculiar
smell when crushing.

Flowers: Bluish-violet, in terminal panicles

Fruits: Flat, bulged in the centre and
winged at the periphery
Notes: Seen in Garcia da Orta garden, St.
Inez and Al nho

2|TreesofPanjim 2|TreesofPanjim
 Lagerstroemia speciosa Lagerstroemia speciosa (L.) Pers. Lannea coromandelica (Hou .) Merr. Lannea coromandelica

Common name: Pride of India, English name: Indian Ash tree

Queen's Crape Myrtle
Local name: Moi
Local name: Taman
Family: Lythraceae Family: Anacardiaceae

Flowering and frui ng: April - Flowering and frui ng: March - June
October
Habit: A deciduous tree
Habit: A deciduous tree with
spreading canopy; terminal branches Bark: Ashy brown in color, thick;
slender, o en drooping.
Bark: Grey to brown in color with young branches with len cels
irregular fissures. arranged in fine stria ons.
Leaves: Simple, opposite to Leaves: Imparipinnately compound.
subopposite, dis chous on long,
slender terminal branches, sub- Alternate, up to 75 cm long; Rachis
sessile or with pe ole up to 6 mm with pulvinus base, o en reddish in
long; lamina ellip c – oblong, color; Leaflets opposite - sub-
cuneate at base, en re along
margins, acute at apex, pale green opposite, ovate – lanceolate, up to
below, dark green above. 27 x 10 cm, slightly oblique at base,
distantly serrate, acuminate – short
Flowers: Purplish pink in color; on
terminal panicles. caudate at apex

Fruits: Capsule, oblongoid – obovoid,

beaked; with characteris cally
Note: Commonly cul vated in gardens and along ribbed, spreading persistant calyx.
the road sides. Leaves turn red before falling. In its
natural habitat, usually seen along river banks.

Flowers: Small, red colored. Occuring in

pendulous racemes.
Fruits: Red to green and globose in shape.
Note: Seen near Childrens park, Campal

2|TreesofPanjim 2|TreesofPanjim
 Leucaena leucocephala Leucaena leucocephala (Lam.) de Wit. Magnolia champaca (L.) Baill. ex. Pierre Magnolia champaca

Common name: Coffee bush, Horse Common name: Champak, Champa

tamarind
Local name: Chafo, champo
Local name: Subabool
Family: Magnoliaceae
Family: Fabaceae
Flowering and frui ng: April -
Flowering and frui ng: May - September
September
Habit: A tree with straight bole,
Habit: A medium sized tree. branching monopodially; terminal
Bark: Brown with linear streaks of
len cels. branches with swollen nodes and
prominent leaf scars.
Leaves: Bipinnately compound,
alternate, up to 40 cm long, rachis Bark: Grey with numerous len cels.
ridged, swollen at base, primary
pinnae, up to 50 cm long, consis ng Leaves: Simple, alternate; pe ole up
of up to 20 pairs of opposite leaflets, to 4.5 cm long; lamina long ellip c –
dis nct extrafloral nectaries present
between first and terminal pair of oblong, cuneate at base, en re along
pinnae; leaflets oblong, up to 1.5 x margins, acuminate at apex,
0.4 cm, oblique at base, en re along secondary veins dis nct.
margins, acute at apex with short
pointed p.
Flowers: in axillary pedunculate
globose heads at the p of the
branches, peduncle up to 7 cm long;
head white, c. 2.3 cm, stamens
Fruits: Pods, up to 20 x 2 cm, flat, hanging in projec ng.
clusters.
Note: An introduced plant commonly seen as an Flowers: Solitary, axillary, white, turning
creamish - yellow.
Fruits: Egg shaped, occurring in bunch (etario
of follicles), warted, dehisching open to red
seeds.
Synonyms:
·Michelia champaca L.
Note: Cul vated in gardens and households,
for its conical canopy and fragrant flowers.

2|TreesofPanjim 2|TreesofPanjim
 Mammea suriga Mammea suriga (Buch.-Ham. ex. Roxb.) Kosterm. Mangifera indica L. Mangifera indica

Common name: Ceylon Ironwood Common name: Mango

Local name: Subabool Local name: Ambo

Family: Callophyllaceae Family: Anacardiaceae

Flowering and frui ng: January -
Flowering and frui ng: February - June
April
Habit: Large tree with huge
Habit: A small to medium sized tree spreading canopy.
with dense canopy; o en branching
from base. Bark: Greyish black; o en peels off in
patches.
Bark: Brown to dark grey with corky
sca ered len cels; o en horizontal Leaves: Simple, alternate, crowded
markings seen.
at apex; Pe ole up to 6 cm long,
Leaves: Simple, opposite, decussate; thickened at base; Lamina
pe ole c. 5 mm long; lamina oblong, lanceolate, acute at base, en re
up to 25 x 9.5 cm, rounded at base, along margins, acuminate at apex,
en re along margin, acuminate at leathery, upper surface shiny.
apex, shining above, secondary veins
very faint, and finely ne ed. Flowers: Creamish yellow, in
Flowers: Bourn on old stem, o en terminal panicles, o en peduncle
clustered, pedicel up to 1 cm long, reddish in color.
white to cream colored with bright
yellow anthers; flower buds red
Fruits: A berry, ellipsoid to ovoid, beaked.
Notes: Rare, cul vated in gardens and homes.

Fruits: Botanically, a drupe. Greenish yellow to

reddish yellow at maturity. Shape varying with
cul var.
Note: Seen in Children's park, Campal area
with most households.

2|TreesofPanjim 2|TreesofPanjim
 Manilkara zapota Manilkara zapota (L.) P.Royen Melaleuca citrina (Cur s) Dum.Cours. Melaleuca citrina

Common name: Chickle, Sapodilla Common name: Bo le Brush

Local name: Cheekoo Local name: Cheel

Family: Myrtaceae
Family: Sapotaceae
Flowering and frui ng: February -
Flowering and frui ng: Throughout May
the year
Habit: A tree with drooping
Habit: A small to medium sized tree branches.
with milky latex
Bark: Bark corky with ver cal ridges.
Bark: Dark grey with fine longitudinal Leaves: Simple, alternate, spirally
cracks.
arranged, sessile, crowded near the
apex; lamina linear up to 8 x 0.7 cm,
Leaves: Simple, alternate, crowded
near the apex; pe ole up to 3 cm pointed at both ends, en re along
long; lamina long ellip c up to 14 x margins, hairy when young.
5.5 cm, cuneate at base, en re along
margins, acuminate at apex Flowers: Red arranged in spikes.
Flowers: Solitary or in fascicles, in
axillary posi on, cream colored, cup Fruits: Hard and woody.
shaped; pedicel thick at apex.
Synonyms:
·Callistemon citrinus (Cur s) Skeels
Fruits: Spherical to ellipsoid, up to 7
cm across; fleshy inside, brown,
corky on surface; present on thick
Notes: Commonly seen in home gardens and stalk
parks throughout the city.
Synonyms:
·Achras sapota L.

Note: Commonly grown in gardens. Can be

seen in children’s park

2|TreesofPanjim 2|TreesofPanjim
 Melia azedarach Melia azedarach L. Mille a pinnata (L.) Panigrahi Mille a pinnata

Common name: Bead tree, China Common name: Indian Beech

Berry
Local name: Karanj
Local name: Bakan nimb Family: Fabaceae
Flowering and frui ng: May -
Family: Meliaceae December
Habit: A medium sized tree with
Flowering and frui ng: April - August spreading canopy.

Habit: A small tree Bark: Grey with lighter len cels

arranged in small linear streaks

Bark: Reddish brown with horizontal Leaves: Imparpinnately compound,

len cels arranged in linear streaks; alternate, up to 30 cm long; rachis
pulvinate at base; leaflets
old bark fissured longitudinally pe olulate, lamina ovate, 7 – 11 x
4.5 - 8 cm, truncate to cuneate at
Leaves: Bipinnately compound, up to base, en re along margins,
acuminate at apex, veins dis nct,
6 cm long, pulvinate base; leaflets upper surface shiny
lanceolate, a enuate/ oblique at
base, long acuminate at apex, Flowers: Pinkish purple - white
coarsely serrate at margins. axillary racemose panicles.
Fruits: Woody, single seeded, curved
Flowers: Occur in axillary panicles, with pointed p.
petals white to cream in color with
Fruits: Sperical to ellipsoid, green. purple to pink staminal tube.

Notes: Commonly seen in parks and gardens.

Fruits poisonous.

Synonyms:
·Pongamia pinnata (L.) Pierre
Notes: Preferred for its short stature and dark
foliage. Plant gives characteris c smell.

2|TreesofPanjim 2|TreesofPanjim
 Mimusops elengi Mimusops elengi L. Moringa oleifera Lam. Moringa oleifera

Common name: Bullet wood, Common name: Ben oil Tree, Drum
Spanish cherry S ck Tree.
Local name: Masheng, Shevga
Local name: Ovalo
Family: Moringaceae
Family: Sapotaceae Flowering and frui ng: April - June
Habit: A small deciduous tree, with
Flowering and frui ng: January - irregularly branched weak stem.
June
Bark: Light brown to grey with corky
ridges and furrows in old stem.
Habit: A medium to large sized tree;
Milky latex present Leaves: Tripinnately compound,
Leaflets opposite with a terminal
leaflet also present. Oblong with
Bark: Grey with longitudinal fine both ends rounded.
fissures
Flowers: Small white in axillary
panicles.
Leaves: Simple, alternate; pe ole up
to 3 cm long; lamina ellip c oblong, Fruits: Pods are cylindrical and
up to 16 x 7.7 cm, base cuneate to ribbed. Woody appearance.
rounded, en re along the margins,
acuminate at apex; secondary veins Notes: Commonly seen in home
fine, numerous and faint. gardens.

Fruits: A berry, ovoid – ellipsoid, up to 3 x 2 cm, Flowers: In axillary fascicles; pedicel

orange yellow in color. c. 1 cm long; corolla white, c. 1 cm
Notes: Seen in jogger's park and Kala academy across; fragrant

2|TreesofPanjim 2|TreesofPanjim
 Murraya koenigi Murraya koenigii (L.) Spreng. Nyctanthus arbor-tris s L. Nyctanthus arbor-tris s

Common name: Curry leaf tree Common name: Tree of sadness,

Harsinghar, Shiuli
Local name: Karbil Local name: Paijatak
Family: Oleaceae
Family: Rutaceae
Flowering and frui ng: April - May
Flowering and frui ng: February - Habit: A small tree with shrubby
July appearance and irregular canopy;
terminal branches quadrangular.
Habit: A small deciduous tree. Bark: Grey, corky with numerous
len cels

Bark: Grey to dark grey woith faint Leaves: Simple, opposite-decussete,

longitudinal fissures. Pe ole up to 1 cm long; lamina
ovate, up to 12 x 7 cm, rounded at
base, serrate, serrulate – en re along
Leaves: Pinnately compound, margins, acuminate at apex,
scabrous on both surfaces,
alternate, up to 30 cm long; rachis secondary veins dis nct.
pulvinate; leaflets alternate,
pe olulate, ovate to lanceolate, up Flowers: On axillary and terminal
to 5 x 2 cm, oblique at base, serrate cymes, calyx cup shaped; corolla
along margin, acuminate at apex, white with orange tube.
punctate; terminal leaflets larger
than those at the base. Fruits: Flat, en re to reuse at apex.

Fruits: Berry, globose to ellipsoid, black when ripe Flowers: In terminal congested
Notes: Commonly seen in home gardens. Leaves panicles, white to cream color,
emit a dis nct odour when crushed. fragrant.

Note: Grown mostly in house gardens, can also

be seen in pa o.

2|TreesofPanjim 2|TreesofPanjim
 Parkia biglandulosa Parkia biglandulosa Wight & Arn. Phanera purpurea (L.) Benth. Phanera purpurea

Common name: Badminton Ball tree Common name: Kaner, Bu erfly Tree
Local name: Apto
Local name: Chendu phul
Family: Fabaceae
Family: Fabaceae Flowering and frui ng: October -
January
Flowering and frui ng: October - Habit: A medium sized tree with
January limited branching.

Habit: A tree with spreading Bark: Brown with dis nctly

horizontal streaks of len cels.
branches and foliage
Leaves: Simple, alternate, dis chous;
Bark: Brown to grey with corky pe ole up to 5 cm long, swollen at
both ends; lamina bilobed, up to 15 x
len cels on old stem; young stem 15 cm, shallowly cordate at base,
dis nc ve leaf scars. en re to slightly wavy along margins,
each lobe rounded at apex, up to 9
nerved from base.
Leaves: Bipinnately compound,
alternate, up to 40 cm long; rachis Flowers: Flowers in terminal
pulvinate, with two dis nct glands panicles, pedicellate, up to 7 cm
just above the pulvinus; pinnae wide, petals purplish pink.
alternate, up to 60; each pinna with
numerous minute oblong leaflets. Fruits: Flat pods, brown in color,
tapering at base, pointed at apex.

Fruits: pods, flat, slightly twisted up to 30 cm long. Flowers: on globose heads, at the p
Notes: Rare. Seen opposite in Bal Bhavan and of long pendulous peduncle.
Joggers park

Synonyms:
·Bauhinia purpurea L.
Notes: Planted along roadsides and cul vated
in gardens

2|TreesofPanjim 2|TreesofPanjim
 Phyllanthus acidus Phyllanthus acidus (L.) Skeels. Phyllanthus emblica L. Phyllanthus emblica

Common name: Country Gooseberry Common name: Indian Goosberry,

tree. Amla

Local name: Raj Amla Local name: Avla

Family: Phyllanthaceae Family: Phyllanthaceae

Flowering and frui ng: March - Distribu on: Indian subcon nent
October
Flowering and frui ng: March -
Habit: Small tree with irregular October
branches. Habit: A deciduous tree with
irregular o en pendulous branches
Bark: Greyish, covered with Stem/ Bark: Greyish brown, peeling
numerous len cels arranged in off in small flakes.
horizontal rows; leaf scars prominent
on young branches. Leaves: Simple, alternate, pe ole
about 1 mm long, appearing on
Leaves: Pinnately compound, determinate of up to 35 cm long,
alternate, up to 70 cm long, crowded branches giving an appearance of
at apex; leaflets alternate, pinnately compound leaf, dis chous,
pe olulate, arranged dis chously; oblong, up to 14 x 4 mm
lamina ovate to lanceolate, oblique
at base, en re along margins, Flowers: Pinkish white, occurring on
acuminate at apex the basal por on of leafy branches
Fruits: Globose, 2.5 cm in diameter,
Flowers: Small reddish, in clusters on yellowish green
leafless part of the branches
Synonyms:
·Cicca acida (L.) Merr. Fruits: Sub-globose, ribbed,
yellowish.
Note: Grown for its light green foliage and fruits;
seen in Campal residen al area ( next to the nala)

Synonyms:
·Emblica officinalis Gaertn.
Notes: Seen in children's park and St. Oroiaso
garden.

2|TreesofPanjim 2|TreesofPanjim
Pinus roxburghii Pinus roxburghii Sarg. Plumeria rubra L. Plumeria rubra

Common name: Chir pine Common name: Frangipani, Pagoda

tree.
Family: Pinaceae
Local name: Chaempae
Cones: All throughout the year
Family: Apocynaceae
Habit: A deciduous tree with conical
canopy. Flowering and frui ng: All
throughout the year
Bark: Thick, cracked, o en in
rectangular shape Habit: A small, almost dichotomously
branching tree. Presence of Milky
Leaves: Bunch of 3 needles occur in a latex.
single fascicle.
Bark: Light grey to brown with
Cones: Female cones are woody, sca ered len cels. Leaf scars
occurring on higher branches while prominent on young branches.
male cones/strobilus occur in a
cluster on ps of lower branches. Leaves: Simple, clustered at apex;
pe ole up to 6 cm long, thick; lamina
Synonyms: oblanceolate to obovate, up to 45 x
·Pinus longifolia Roxb. ex. Lamb. 18 cm, tapering at base, en re along
margins, acute to acuminate at apex,
Note: Seen in children's park secondary veins dis nct.

Flowers: In terminal panicles,

variable in color from red, yellow to
white. Petals twisted, fragrant.

Fruits: Follicles in pairs, thick, dark

green to purplish green up to 20 x 3
cm, with orange colored len cels.

Notes: Commonly grown in gardens;

an important component of
landscaping. All throughout the city,
but older individuals in Al nho

2|TreesofPanjim 2|TreesofPanjim
Psidium guajava Psidium gaujava L. Pterospermum acerifolium (L.) Willd. Pterospermum acerifolium

Common name: Guava, Amrood Common name: Maple leaved Bayur

tree; Kanak Champa
Local name: Pera
Local name: Karnikar
Family: Myrtaceae Family: Malvaceae

Flowering and frui ng: April - June Flowering and frui ng: April - August
Habit: A tall tree, up to 18 m high,
Habit: A small tree. with limited branching; branches
covered with fulvus hairs.
Bark: Light brown color, peeling off in
brown papery sheets. Bark: Grey, o en with lot of lichen
patches
Leaves: Simple, opposite decussate; Leaves: Simple, alternate, variously
pe ole up to 1 cm long, channelled; shaped, o en peltate; pe ole up to
lamina ellip c to ellip c oblong, up 30 cm long in copices, shorter in
to 18 x 8.5 cm, rounded to cuneate mature branches; lamina up to 45 x
to slightly oblique at base, en re 35 cm in copices, upper surface
along margins, acute to rounded at green, lower surface silvery.
apex, o en with mucronulate p,
Flowers: Characteris c fragrance;
secondary veins dis nct. yellowish white in color; occurring
solitarily and at axillary posi ons;
Flowers: Solitary, axillary or in small
nocturnal.
fascicles, corolla and stamens white.

Fruits: Oblong with pointed beak.

Woody.
Fruits: A berry, globose to slightly ellipsoid up to 8 cm across, with a
crown of persistent calyx at apex. Notes: Seen growing in good
numbers Pa o, especially opposite
Notes: Usually seen in home and public gardens; leaves give a to Paryatan bhavan.
characteris c odour when crushed.

2|TreesofPanjim 2|TreesofPanjim
Pterygota alata Pterygota alata (Roxb.) R.Br. Ravenala madagascariensis Sonn Ravenala madagascariensis

Common name: Buddha's coconut, Common name: Traveller's palm

Mad tree
Family: Strelitziaceae

Family: Malvaceae Flowering and frui ng: Not seen

here
Flowering and frui ng: April - May Habit: Palm like habit with banana
like leaves arranged like fan in a
Habit: A deciduous tree with single plane.
bu ressed roots, up to 25 m high, Bark: Cylindrical with persistent
bole unbranched up to 5 m; mature circular scars of leaf bases.
branches o en pendulous.
Leaves: Like that of banana plant,
arranged in a single plane at the
Bark: Brown with linear streaks of crown; pe ole long.
len cels.
Flowers: Not seen here
Leaves: Simple, alternate, pe olate; Fruits: Not seen in this part of the
pe ole up to 12 cm long, pulvinate at world. Absent.
base, expanded at apex; lamina Notes: Seen in children's park,
broadly ovate upto 25 x 35 cm, Ambedkar park and Garcia da Orta
cordate at base, en re along garden.
margins, acute at apex, palmately
veined.

Flowers: Small red colored occurring in terminal racemes; foul

odour.
Fruits: Globose, brown, woody.
Note: Rare. Seen only in children's park. Probably the tallest tree in
the area.

2|TreesofPanjim 2|TreesofPanjim
Santalum album Santalum album L. Sapindus laurifolius Vahl Sapindus laurifolius

Common name: Sandal wood Common name: Soapnut

Local name: Rito, Ritha
Local name: Chandan Family: Sapindaceae
Flowering and frui ng: September -
Family: Santalaceae November
Habit: A small to medium sized tree
Flowering and frui ng: Throughout
the year Bark: Grey, with linear furrows and
minute len cels
Habit: A small tree. Leaves: Pinnately compound,
alternate; rachis pulvinate,
channeled; leaflets up to 6, opposite
Bark: Dark grey to black with linear to sub-opposite, with c. 1mm long
pe olule, lanceolate to ellip c to
streak of len cels., cracking into oblong, up to 30 x 10 cm, a enuate
square to rectangular blocks on old to oblique at base, en re to crenate
stem along margins, acuminate at apex.
Flowers: Flowers in terminal panicles
Leaves: Simple, opposite, decuse e; Fruits: three lobed, c. 2.5 cm across;
pe ole up to 1.5 cm long; lamina drying brown to black
ellip c to ovate, cuneate at base,
en re at margins, acuminate at apex,
up to 5.5 x 3.3 cm; shiny above

Flowers: In axillary and terminal cymose panicles; petals red,

spreading to recurved
Notes: Rare, Seen under Joggers park in
Fruits: Globose berry with 'crown' ring on top, purple to black when Children's park
ripened.
Notes: Seen in Joggers park and Ambedkar park.

2|TreesofPanjim 2|TreesofPanjim
 Spondias pinnata Spondias pinnata (L.f.) Kurz. Sterculia foe da L. Sterculia foe da

Common name: Hog plum, Spanish Common name: Wild Indian Almond,
plum Java Olive
Local name: Goldaru, Viroi
Local name: Ambado
Family: Malvaceae
Family: Anacardiaceae Flowering and frui ng: April - July

Flowering and frui ng: March - June Habit: A very tall tree with straight
bole. O en bu ress roots can be
seen.
Habit: A medium sized tree.
Stem/ Bark: Brown to grey, len cels Bark: Brown to grey with large
arranged in linear streaks, o en len cels, peeling off in large patches.
Ul mate branches o en drooping.
tuberculate.
Leaves: Palmately compound,
Leaves: Pinnately compound, up to crowded near the apex; rachis up to
35 cm long; leaflets subsessile,
60 cm long; rachis with pulvinus; ellip c, 17 x 8 cm, cuneate at base,
leaflets up to 6 pairs, opposite to en re margin, acuminate at apex.
sub-opposite, ellip c to ellip c Flowers: On cymose panicle,
crowded at the p of leafless
oblong, up to 21 x 11 cm, oblique at branches, red when open.
base, en re margins, acuminate to
short caudate at apex; secondary Fruits: Two to four follicles, usually
brick colored, woody, boat shaped,
margins numerous with open to expose black seeds.
intramarginal veina on; pe olule 1.5
cm.

Flowers: Small yellowish in terminal panicles

Fruits: Ellipsoid, up to 5 cm long, bo le green to brown in color.
Notes: Commonly seen in gardens. One
Notes: A common sight in home gardens. Fruits edible. handsome specimen in front of the main
post office near D.B. road.
Synonym: ·Mangifera pinnata L.f.

2|TreesofPanjim 2|TreesofPanjim
 Sterculia urens
Sterculia urens Roxb. Syzygium cumini (L.) Skeels. Syzygium cumini

Common name: Ghost tree, Kulu Common name: Jamun, Jambolan

Local name: Jambhul
Local name: Arjun
Family: Myrtaceae
Family: Malvaceae Flowering and frui ng: March - July

Flowering and frui ng: March - May Habit: Large evergreen tree, up to 12
m high, terminal branches drooping.
Habit: A deciduous tree with limited Bark: Greyish brown with sca ered
branching. irregular pits.
Leaves: Simple, opposite; pe olate;
Bark: Variable in color from white – pe ole c. 1 cm long grooved; lamina
green and brown with uneven lanceolate – ellip c oblong, up to 22
x 8 cm, cuneate at base, en re along
patches depending on the seasons, margin, acuminate at apex.
peels off as brown papery layer.
Flowers: On axillary panicles, o en
from old nodes.
Leaves: Simple, alternate, crowded
at apex; pe ole up to 40 cm long; Fruits: Ellipsoid – globose, purple,
lamina 5 lobed, up to 40 x 35 cm, juicy with calyx scars.
cordate at base, apices of lobes Note: Isolated trees seen throughout
acuminate, puberulent especially on the city.
lower surface, palmately nerved.

Flowers: Crowded at the p of the branches, covered with rough hairs, greenish – reddish
in color.
Fruits: Follicles 4 – 5, ellipsoid, covered with s ff red hairs turning brown when dry; dehisce
to expose black seeds.
Notes: Commonly seen in gardens. One
Notes: A tree readily dis nguishable, by its bark and large lobed leaves, leafless when handsome specimen in front of the main
post office near D.B. road.
flowering; one of the first species to shed its leaves by November. Seen in Joggers park and
other parts of Al nho.

2|TreesofPanjim 2|TreesofPanjim
 Syzygium jambos
Syzygium jambos (L.) Alst. Tabebuia rosea (Bertol.) Bertero ex A.DC. Tabebuia rosea

Common name: Rose apple, Malabar Common name: Pink trumpet

plum Family: Bignoniaceae
Local name: Jamb
Flowering and frui ng: April - June
Family: Myrtaceae Habit: A large deciduous tree with
numerous oblique upward poin ng
Flowering and frui ng: May - July branches.

Habit: Irregularly branched medium Bark: Brown, covered with

prominent len cels that are arranged
sized tree in curved linear rows.
Bark: Dark grey, flaking irregularly; Leaves: Palmately compound,
opposite, rachis up to 20 cm long;
bark of young stem brown with fine
leaflets 5; pe olule c. 0.5 cm long in
longitudinal streaks. lower leaflets, up to 7 cm long in
middle leaflet; lamina ellip c to
Leaves: Opposite to sub opposite; lanceolate, lower leaflets, up to 9.5 x
pe ole 0.5 cm long; lamina oblong, 5 cm, middle leaflets, up to 20 x 10
cm
30 x 12 cm, sub- cordate base, wavy
margin, acuminate apex, pale green Flowers: Pink, trumpet shaped, in
below; secondary veins looping, terminal panicles.
channelled along the midrib. Fruits: Not seen.

Flowers: White. Occuring in pairs on peduncles.

Only on old branches.
Fruits: White, spongy and ovoid.
Notes: Commonly seen in gardens. Fruits edible. Notes: A handsome tree both in foliage and
during flowering; in jogger's park and
Synonyms: children's park
·Eugenia jambos L.

2|TreesofPanjim 2|TreesofPanjim
Trema orientalis Terminalia bellirica (Gaertn.) Roxb. Trema orientalis (L.) Blume Trema orientalis

Common name: Beleric myrobalan Common name: Indian Charcoal

Tree, Gol
Local name: Go ng Local name: Khargul

Family: Combretaceae Family: Cannabaceae

Flowering and frui ng: September –
Flowering and frui ng: October - December; March – May
June Habit: A small deciduous tree with
drooping branches.
Habit: A tall tree
Bark: Grey, sca ered with minute,
Bark: Grey, irregularly fissured, brownish len cels
peeling off in flakes, young stem with Leaves: Simple, alternately,
prominent leaf scars dis chous; pe ole up to 2 cm long,
dis nctly groves; lamina ovate to
lanceolate, up to 12 x 5 cm, cordate
Leaves: Simple, alternate, clustered at base, serrate along margins, long
near the p of the branches; pe ole acuminate at apex, paler on lower
surface, 3 nerved from base.
up to 12 cm long; lamina obovate to
ellip c oblong, up to 25 x 16 cm, Flowers: Unisexual, small, greenish –
greenish yellow, occurring in axillary
cuneate to slightly unequal at base, cymes.
en re along margins, rounded at
Fruits: Small, globose, black in color.
apex, thick.

Flowers: In spikes up to 15 cm long, greenish

yellow

Fruits: Obovoid to globose, up to 2.5 cm in

diameter

Note: Planted in Jogger's park Note: A fast growing tree; seen along road
sides and also in undisturbed areas

2|TreesofPanjim 2|TreesofPanjim
Mangroves
 Avicennia marina Avicennia marina (Forssk.) Vierh. Avicennia officinalis L. Avicennia officinalis

Common name: White mangrove Common name: Indian mangrove

Local name: Tavir Local name: Tavir

Family: Acanthaceae Family: Acanthaceae

Flowering and frui ng: April - June Flowering and frui ng: April - June

Habit: A tree with crooked stem. Habit: An irregularly branching tree,

Bark: Light brown to grey with with numerous pneumatophores
sca ered len cels; young stem with around.
prominent leaf scars
Bark: Dark grey with fine furrows,
Leaves: Simple, opposite-decussate, bark peeling off in somewhat
from swollen nodes; pe ole up to 1 rectangular pieces in old wood.
cm long, faintly grooved; lamina long
ellip c – lanceolate, cuneate at base, Leaves: Simple, opposite-decussate;
en re along margins, acute at apex, pe ole up to 2 cm long, faintly
whi sh green below, dark green grooved; lamina ellip c, up to 8 x 4
above, o en with galls, secondary cm, cuneate at base, en re along
veins indis nct. margins, obtuse at apex, thick

Flowers: Occur in terminal clusters, Flowers: Occur in terminal clusters,

golden colored, 7 – 9 cm long. yellow colored, 7 – 9 cm long.
Notes: In abundance along with other mangroves Notes: Common along the Ourem creek with
near the Ourem creek. Trees are larger on Pa o other mangrove species. Lower surface of leaf
Fruits: 6 – 8 cm large, ovoid, yellow Fruits: 4 – 5 cm large, ovoid. paler as compared to the upper green surface.
side as compared to city side. Short aerial roots in color.
arising from the main trunk. Short aerial roots arising from the main trunk.

2|TreesofPanjim mijnaPfoseerT|2
 Bruguira cylindrica Bruguiera cylindrica (L.) Blume Carallia brachiata (Lour.) Merr. Carallia brachiata

Common name: White Burma Common name: Billabong tree

mangrove
Local name: Ponsi
Local name: Kandel
Family: Rhizophoraceae
Family: Rhizophoaceae
Flowering and frui ng: October -
Flowering and frui ng: September - November
November
Habit: A tall tree
Habit: A small tree, usually with
opposite branches and dark green Bark: Corky, with deep longitudinal
foliage ridges and fissures

Bark: Dark grey; young branches Leaves: Simple, opposite, decussate,

green with prominent leaf scars on swollen nodes; s pule c. 1 cm
long, caducous, leaving scar on the
Leaves: Simple, opposite decussate, stem; pe ole 5 - 7 mm long; lamina
s pulate; s pule up to 3 cm long, ellip c to obovate, up to 10 x 5.5 cm,
enclosing the leaf buds, caducous, cuneate at base, en re and revolute
leaving a circular scar; pe ole up to along margins, obtuse at apex,
2.5 cm long, grooved; lamina ellip c, coriaceous, shiny above, secondary
up to 12 x 6 cm, cuneate at base, nerves faint.
en re along margins, acute at apex,
dark green and shiny. Flowers: sessile, on axillary branched
cymes, white in color Notes: A huge tree seen in al nho with several
profusely branched roots on the main trunk and
Fruits: Sub-globose, c. 5 mm across. primary branches

Flowers: On axillary simple cymes, up to 1. 3 cm across; sepals 6 – 8, spreading from the

tube; petals equal to the number of petals, fimbriate, lacerate at apex, white to cream in
color, shorter than sepals.
Fruits: Seeds germinate while on tree and appear like long, slender pods.
Notes: Along Ourem creek, usually in the shade of Avecinnia spp.; Fragrant

2|TreesofPanjim mijnaPfoseerT|2
 Excoecaria agallocha Excoecaria agallocha L. Kandelia candel (L.) Druce Kandelia candel

Common name: Blind your eye Common name: Narrow leaved

mangrove, Back mangrove Kandelia
Local name: Kandal
Local name: Uso
Family: Rhizophoraceae
Family: Euphorbiaceae Flowering and frui ng: October -
December
Flowering and frui ng: November - Habit: A small tree. Mangrove with
March no bu resses or pneumatophores.
Stem: Thin, crooked and irregularly
Habit: A small tree with crooked
branches and milky latex. branched, brown in color.
Leaves: Simple, crowded at apex,
Bark: Brown, with lens shaped leaving prominent scars on branches,
horizontally oriented len cels; opposite; pe ole up to 3 cm long;
younger ranches with leaf scars. lamina oblong to obovate, up to 15 x
6 cm, cuneate at base, en re along
margins, obtuse at apex, light green
Leaves: Simple, alternate; pe ole up below, dark green above, primary
to 2 cm long, grooved; lamina long vein prominent.
ellip c – lanceolate, round – acute at
base, mildly sinuate at margins, Flowers: On long pedicellate axillary
acuminate at apex; secondary veins cymes, star shaped, creamish white
faint, surface glossy. in color, pappus present.

Flowers: Unisexual; male

flowers on long spikes,
yellow; female flowers on
short spikes, green
Fruits: A capsule, three
lobed.

Note: A common mangrove,

growing along Ourem creek.
The milky latex is
considered poisonous. Fruits: Conical, persistent calyx, brown in color; germinate while on the tree.

Notes: Commonly seen along the Ourem creek along with other mangroves.

2|TreesofPanjim mijnaPfoseerT|2
Rhizophora mucronata Rhizophora mucronata Poir. Sonnera a caseolaris (L.) Engl. sonner a caseolaris

Common name: Red Mangrove, Common name: Berembang

Kandal
Local name: Kandale Local name: Chipi
Family: Rhizophoraceae Family: Lytheraceae
Flowering and frui ng: April -
Flowering and frui ng: February - September
September
Habit: A medium sized tree
Bark: Brown to grey with prominent
Habit: A small tree with s lt roots large len cels.
and irregular branching.
Leaves: Opposite decussate, on
Bark: Dark grey with sca ered swollen nodes; pe ole 1 cm long;
len cels; young branches with lamina obovate to ellip c, up to 13 x
prominent s pular scars. 9 cm, smooth, a enuate at base,
en re margin, round apex, thick;
secondary veins very feeble.
Leaves: Simple, opposite-decussate;
s pule reddish in color, up to 8 cm Flowers: Terminal solitary, white with
long; covering the leaf buds; pe ole greenish nge.
up to 2.5 cm long; lamina ellip c –
long ellip c, up to 16 x 9 cm, cuneate Fruits: Sub globose, depressed on
at base, en re along margins, long top with persistant style and calyx,
mucronate at apex, thick, secondary green in color.
veins indis nct, with long black spots
on lower surface, shiny on upper Notes: Commonly seen along Ourem
surface. creek.

Flowers: Axillary on pedunculate cymes, creamish white in color

Fruits: Dark brown, with persistent and accrescent calyx, viviparous.
Note: Common on either side of Ourem creek; mangrove with the largest leaf in
the creek.

2|TreesofPanjim mijnaPfoseerT|2
Palms
 Areca catechu Areca catechu L. Caryota urens L. Caryota Urens

Common name: Areca nut palm, Common name: Fishtail Palm

Betel palm
Local name: Birlo Mad
Local name: Supari, Pophal Family: Arecaeae
Flowering and frui ng: Throughout
Family: Arecaceae the year
Habit: Palm with thick smooth stem.
Flowering and frui ng: Throughout
the year Trunk: Greyish, with dis nct leaf
scars and prominent, numerous pits.
Habit: A medium sized straight Leaves: Bipinnately compound; leaf
growing tree. sheath large; leaflets fish fin shaped
Flowers: Unisexual, occur in
Trunk: Bo le green in color; maked branched drooping spadices of up to
by white, horizontal, parallel, deep 1.5m long; male flowers are red and
fissures. female are usually green in color.
Fruits: Fruits spherical, black when
Leaves: Pinnately compound, mature.
crowded at apex, up to 3m long; leaf
sheath fully covering the stem; rachis Note: A mul purpose tree also
with broad channels; leaflets linear, grown as ornamental. Seen in
up to 80cm long, pointed at the children's park and campal area.
apex.

Flowers: On a semi-
globose inflorescence;
flowers on branched
spadix that arise from
the base of the crown
sha ; small, cream to
yellow colored

Fruits: Up to 7 cm
long, conical; scarlet
colored when mature.

Notes: Occasionally
seen in parks. Fruits
edible.

2|TreesofPanjim mijnaPfoseerT|2
Cocos nucifera Cocos nucifera L. Cyrtostachys renda Blume. Cyrtostachys renda

Common name: Coconut Common name: Lips ck palm,

Maharaja palm
Local name: Narl
Family: Arecaceae
Family: Arecaceae Flowering and frui ng: November -
January
Flowering and frui ng: Throughout
the year Habit: Small Evergreen Palm, usually
seen in a cluster.
Habit: A palm of variable height.
Stem: Smooth; green with
Trunk: With dis nct leaf scars and characteris c red crown sha ;
ver cal fissures. prominent leaf scars present.
Leaves: Pinnately compound,
Leaves: Pinnately compound, up to 5 crowding at apex, up to 2m long,
m long, rachis thick and broad at rachis red in color; lealets opposite
base; leaflets linear, up to 90 cm long
on either side of the rachis, to sub-opposite, up to 50 cm long,
tapering at both ends, en re to
Flowers: On axillary or branched slightly serrate along margins.
spadices, covered by a dis nct Inflorescence and fruits: Not
spathe when young observed in the city.
Fruits: Usually ellipsoid to ovoid, up Notes: Occasionally seen in public
to 25 x 18 cm, three sided, gardens. Kala Academy has a
prominent bunch near the parking
Notes: Common. Fruit edible. lot.

2|TreesofPanjim mijnaPfoseerT|2
 Dypsis lutescens Dypsis lutescens (H.Wendl.) Beentje & J.Dransf. Hyophorbe verschaffel i H.Wendl. Hyophorbe verschaffel i

Common name: Cane palm Common name: Spindle palm

Family: Arecaceae Family: Arecacae

Flowering and frui ng: Not
Flowering and frui ng: February - encountered
May
Habit: A small bo le shaped palm.
Habit: Growing in clusters up to 10m
high. Trunk: Stout, up to 1.8 m high, with
leaf scars and small ver cal fissures.
Leaves: Pinnate, up to 6, arising from
Trunk: Stem bo le green with crown sha measuring up to 70 cm,
circular white – brown leaf scars.
curved; leaflets up to 60 x 5 cm
Leaves: Pinnately compound, up to Flowers and Fruits: Not seen
2m long; leaf sheath fully covering
the stem; rachis with broad Notes: Only three individuals seen in
channels; leaflets linear, up to 60cm Garcia da Orta garden.
long, pointed at the apex.

Flowers: Flowers on branched spadix

that arise from the base of the crown
sha ; Small, cream to yellow
colored.

Fruits: Yellow to red.

Note: Seen in children's park and most of the households all over panjim. Preferred for its
clustered habit, bo le green stem with beau ful leaf scars and wonderful foliage.

2|TreesofPanjim 2|TreesofPanjim
 Hyphaene dichotoma Hyphaene dichotoma (J.Wight Dubl. ex. Nimmo) Furtado Licuala grandis (T.Moore) H.Wendl. Licuala grandis

Common name: Branching palm Common name: Ruffled fan palm

Family: Arecaeae Family: Arecaceae

Flowering and frui ng: February - Flowering and frui ng: March - June
April
Habit: A small palm, seldom rowing
Habit: A medium sized branched to much height.
dioceous palm
Trunk: Brown, prominent irregularly
Trunk: Black with horizontal leaf placed leaf scars.
scars and ver cal fissures,
dichotomously branched Leaves: Dis ct fan shaped leaves,
covering the trunk; pe ole up to
1.5m long, glossy to dull green.
Leaves: Palmate, several crowded on
the crown, leaf sheath cle at the
base; pe ole up to 1 m long, armed Flowers: Occuring on up to 2m long
on both margins; leaflets linear branched spadix; flowers small,
joined at base, up to 90 cm long unamusing, white in colore.

Flowers: Male and female on Fruits: Globose, c. 1cm in diameter,

separate trees, in branched spadix brick red in color.

Fruits: Oblongoid to obovoid to 7.5 Notes: Rare. One can see these
cm in 6 cm beau ful palms in the parking lot of
Kala academy.
Notes: Large number of trees seen in Campal and Miramar

2|TreesofPanjim 2|TreesofPanjim
Livistona chinensis Livistona chinensis R.Br. Phoenix roebelenii O'Brien Phoenix roebelenii

Common name: Chinese fan palm Common name: Miniature date

palm, Pygmy date palm
Family: Arecaceae
Family: Arecaceae
Flowering and frui ng: Throughout
the year Flowering and frui ng: Not
encountered.
Habit: A palm with up to 8 m high.
Habit: A small and slender palm.
Trunk: Uniform in thickness, dark
grey with pits
Stem: Stem with persistent
prominent leaf bases.
Leaves: Palmately compound (fan
shaped); rachis up to 1.5 m long;
leaflets forked and drooping at ps Leaves: Pinnately compound leaves,
up to 1.8 m long, arched; leaflets
opposite – sub-opposite, basal ones
Flowers: On a branched spadix modified into spines, linear, up to 35
arising clustered at near the leaves at x 1.3 cm, tapering at both ends;
the top. rachis and midrib por on of leaves
bearing len cels.
Fruits: Small, globose – ovoid, deep
purple when ripe. Fruits: Not observed.

Notes: Several isolated individuals Notes: Seen in Children's park,

throughout the city gardens Garcia da Orta garden and opposite
Miramar beach.

2|TreesofPanjim 2|TreesofPanjim
Phoenix sylvestris Phoenix sylvestris (L.) Roxb. Roystonea regia (Kunth.) O.F. Cook. Roystonea regia

Common name: Wild date palm, Common name: Royal Palm

Indian wine plam

Local name: Khajur Family: Arecaceae

Family: Arecaceae Flowering and frui ng: June -

September
Flowering and frui ng: March -
September
Habit: A medium sized palm.
Habit: Medium to large sized palm
with spreading canopy. Trunk: Narrow below, widening
above and abruptly narrowing at the
Trunk: Presence of characteris c top. Dark grey with closely arranged
persistent ladder like leaf scars, circular leaf scars
diameter uniform throughout.

Leaves: Pinnately compound, up to 4 Leaves: Pinnately compound, up to 4

m long, drooping, rachis with up to m long, arising from a crown sha of
15 cm long spines; leaflets opposite about 1.5 m, leaflets linear.
to sub-opposite, up to 30 x 6 cm,
tapering at both ends, en re along
margins, green colored. Flowers: On branched spadix, arising
from the base of the crown sha
Flowers: Occuring on branched
clustering spadix up to 1m long;
flowers small, white in color. Notes: Commonly seen in gardens

Fruits: Oblong, up to 4cm long, reddish

purple.

Notes: Seen along the road adjacent to

Miramar beach and the planetarium.

2|TreesofPanjim 2|TreesofPanjim
 Saribus rotundifolius Saribus rotundifolius (Lam.) Blume Wodye a bifurcata A.Irvine Wodye a bifurcata

Common name: Footstool palm, Java Common name: Fox tail palm
palm
Family: Arecaceae
Family: Arecaceae

Flowering and frui ng: February - Flowering and frui ng: September -
April November

Habit: A handsome palm growing up Habit: A palm, up to 8 m high

to 10 m in height. Trunk: Narrow at base and
expanding above, dark grey with
Trunk: Uniform thickness, dis nct dis nct leaf scars
horizontal light colored leaf scars on
a darker background, fibres poking
out of the trunk. Leaves: Plumose (foxtail like), arising
from a green crown sha of about 2
Leaves: Palmately compound (fan m high; frond up to 5 m long; leaflets
shaped); rachis up to 2 m long, projec ng on all sides, linear, up to
bearing sharp spines on bth margins; 45 x 3 cm, tapering at both ends.
leaflets deeply forked and erect.

Flowers: Borne on branched spadix Flowers: On profusely branched

which can grow up to 1.5m long spadix, arising from base of the
Fruits: Globose, up to 2 cm in crown sha ; perianth green, stamens
diameter, scarlet red when ripe. (numerous) and pis l cream colored.

Notes: Occasionally Fruits: Ovoid – ellipsoid, up to 5 x 4 cm, prominently beaked at the p, orange colored
seen in public gardens. when ripe.
Kala academy has a Notes: Much preferred palm in landscaping for its long plumose fronds and medium
beau ful specimen in height. Can be seen at Garcia da Orta garden, and near several new construc ons.
the parking area.

Synonym(s):
·Livistona rotundifolia
(Lam.) Mart.
·Licuala rotundifolia
(Lam.) Blume

2|TreesofPanjim 2|TreesofPanjim