Khushboo guest sales fren ues, see WEL GET weligpat “NSQF” acter BUNA URORIGETE faa Garacit (Switch Gear & Protection) (iam Sake (gta ae) « gAfagwrer GohPaRee Renal & Fre] RAAT wa PAK Wea PAR frame (frga Fito) le Wa-#o, ato Fao Sto Tro THRE, wermretaran + at A. oh. fate saree (Feige Fo) won aera fre wer Seeieze, Frage, aT Se WeRTst ater UeeeSTAT argfet feet We Ws, ATS-250 004 (Soyo)“ SWITCH GEAR AND PROTECTION RATIONALE In view of the complexities, associated. with the modern interconnected power stations, the responsibilities and the job requirements of a diploma passouts have become more complex than what they used to be earlier, He is required to work with modem electrical equipment and maintain reliabiklity of supply. The course is designed to develop understanding of the principles and working of protective switchgear so that one can hancle, install and maintain them and also take decisions at his level in different situations. This subject teaching requires reinforcement from visits to substations, power stations and well disigned laboratory experiences. A practical orientiation to the teaching of this subject is suggested. LEARNING OUTCOMES After undergoing the subject, students will be able to : Assess type of fault diagnosis Know circuit breaker operation Know relay operation Know read about protection schemes Know about different types of sutstations and read single line diagrams DETAILED CONTENTSDETAILED CONTENTS 1. Faults (15 Periods) ‘Type of faults, three phase symmetrical faults, effects of faults on system reliability and stability abnormalities, short circuits and their effects, representation of fault conditions through single line diagrams. 2. Switch Gear (24 Periods) 2.1. Purpose of protective gear, characteristics of a protection system. 2.2. Classification of fuses. H. V. Fuses, application and working, grading and co-ordination. L, V. fuses, selection of fuses, characteristics. 2.3. Isolators and switches, out door isolators, functions, air break switches, breaking capacity of switches. 2.4, Circuit breakers : requirements of circuit breakers, definition of terms associated with circuit-breakers, reasons for arc formation, principles of arc extinction, ty 9¢ of circuit breakers, comparision with oil circuit breaker classification, rating of circuit breakers, working of different types of air and oil circuit breaker, specification of circuit breakers, maintenance schedule. SF-6 and Vaccum circuit breakers. 2,5, Relays : Requirement of relays, operation principles induction type over current, directional over current, differential, percentage differential relays working, application and characteristics, basic principles of static relays, introduction of distance relay. ee)tive Schemes OS Pei Ptpratection af alternators, stator faults, rotor faults, mechanical conditions, extern) falter rennet and protections weed ieion of power transformer : types of faults, its Effects, types of protect oat ever current earth fault, differential protection, Buckholtz devices svinding temp. protection, 4.3, Motor Protection : types of faults and protection in motors,.thermal relays protection of small motors, under voltage protection, ‘4. Protection of feeders : Radial, paral and current graded schemes, dffere Protection Against over Voltages Causes of over voltages, travelling waves cart and electolytic arrestors, surge absorber, loc lightening arrestor. d ring feeders protection, directional tims protection. (15 Perit arrestor, space, reing aston Thee ‘Sub-Stations 5 Periods line diagram busbar arrangement, equipments their functions, accessories, study of protective schemes, batteries and their maintenance, operation of small sub station. 5.2, Reactors : types of reactors, busbar reactor, ‘tuning reactor, are-suppression reactor, connection of reactors in power stations, uses of reactors. 5.3, Neutral grouding ; types of grounding, solid grounding, reactance grounding, are suppression coil grounding, choice of method of neutral earthing. Grounding of substation, grounding of line structure and sub-station equipment. 5.4. Concept of G.LS. (Gas Insulated Substation). SUGGESTED DISTRIBUTION OF MARKS eke TH anc! | Mars Asi 1 15 16 2 24 30 3 15 18 4 6 18, . 15 18 Total 25 100 1, fara a aitrasete (Introduction to Switchgear) 2, agen — (Electrical Faults) ae uses) 4, uftae farttes am afte ae — incuit Breaker) fe a (Relays) 6 Hea ate aeecied, crated we tied (Protection of alterator, transformer and motor) 7. WER ATG TAA WS AT (Protection of bus-bars and lines) . Heer afiee stata (Protection Against Overvoltage) 9, wen (Sul 1, ga arate (Neutral Grounding) 1. Sree (Reactors) ion) ee fat eI THT (Concept of Gas Insulated Sub-station) © Objective Type Questions utter 95-115 116-158 159-167 cone 168-189 190-214 vee 212-227 swiss 228-241Rau-carach or oRaa/secra z (Introduction to Switchgear) 1.4 Raa-darach ar aRaa/secrE (Introduction to Switchgear) Electrical Energy #1 geil |@TaI Modern Civilization #1 sreawaera aA mE 21 sae aan ufaa al aoa Light, heating, domestic appliances, industrial electrical machinery electric transaction 4 @at #1 eat star 8 aga wea a araeret ag safer ag Et oe Fafere arp eof a aa Be fore dea uta a fats fafeat are wa ae at stare ved ¢ ae dea fst ST Continuity ah <1 weg a Continuity I Ta TY fee fale fira-zaract at arava vedi 21 G8 on-omr fers, transmission lines, distributors and other equipments. A switchgear essentially consists of switching and protecting devices such as—switches, fuses, circuit breakers, relays etc. ary sae F feta aaract & sr feta On-Off generators, transmission, distributors 7 3] aaa STR Ten GAG aT Va fe qT VALI H short circuit BI Wes FH Tt é at fire carat ‘FG Hee FH AKA HLH Unhealthy section #1 Weng farsa @ set ax feat rat 21 Switchgear The apparatus used for switching, controlling and protecting electrical circuits and equipment is known as switchgear. fees aareett suet & are fare of afta A ara a adie Bra ar srry feafe Ya aH eI FB Tumbler Switch 7 fuse feas—aarach 3 sea saa & fase arr wa Hehe ae taro a A aT Ta Zi High Current circuits % fer @7 H.R.C. Fuse (High rapturing capacity) # era aan tarot 3 fare arin att 21 Power system 4 78 Ceatatsit arg ces aT AT SoH aw safes Seta aM aA! ARTA Use RGR G1 Sia fT FH ART Short circuit Bar é a vita F aga satires aT awy ctf wen Hist fea # ae} areit a1 FI Automatic Circuit Breaker * art ele fart ae 21 a: A Circuit Breaker is a switchgear which can open or close an electrical circuit in both normal and abnormal conditions. Switchgear Equipments Switchgear araria a ara SIRT H ANI SA a BY eter AAT der ater] fester Fae Waa ti FH arafa switches, fuses, circuits, breakers, relays TM =] STH aT a 1. 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F. feaa eisracll wt tera, r “a vga Ferra (stators) I HH fee 1.7 Sex EAA aTeM fACHTETE (Indoor type isolators) Fea 1.9 866K Pk sree ITY ere Ferrer Fer atl ea we ome ef, Fre a see eo sre Regs Teh, a Fre er weet wR wT AH (ange) eH vee eT wea wen we reat oe A (cap) Be ee Pega ah Se we fer A EH yA (enw ea fe ee, ewe hs a sa Ba THT hs we He 3, fat og cr Prema) arg, ae fret ot ATT él 47-4 Pag Reem (Three poe isolators) ‘en 10% 1nky & Foe are ce ame get fread fear en, ae ew sm Bo wy nee ana YS wee 1 BIG BGT wr SIO 9 ROH 1.90 5 11 KV 8 FRA re er eM RTE ETT TT ee te He eet : ‘ga remand re Soi HE (angle iron) Ba Bea, Faw FU a Aeon or a TA ‘ved 1 faa za famed A cee am &, ae gat ah igh & fer Ae HT 1.7-2 TeX aten feereTd (Outdoor type isolators) fered Se wees yal fae ve fret (post insulator) Bit &, Fa a ta ae Faget jg) at ate ys Ba th ve frgaes ST fe 111 953 kV cap ft ar en Pra a ya a gem fi a SeUe TG (ver aren wot he ae gas errr eed ee eH Te el Fra eeu ee aes et thorzontl even Sem Ha te Gh ree ees res ea fered sma $18 Ge res te ee aA he a Te ga are oh ag a once argh are eer dhe Oe eT aR He eH eT We ol chee were are fiver arr é rf che fe fir rh, seh ae BR foe He10 a tr au ae Rog (pstnsltn fee en rar aT ze TH STEHT TA set ete er cet arse aor 5 Ar et wa A gt (1 say vit fare werd ah aera fk fsa a BL gous ga ek orem et, Fw fe era ae eH 1 Te fk ‘e-em rare Gat wT Wer Tf (movable hor) AE are i a A et aH gH TE a “Sed ata a (eros base) 8 IRA; a ta Ferra sue Hee A vA AeA H Sea ae (venicl plac) 2 pr ga aT or whe 3 ee ores se a eH A ae eC Se wee of ga we &1 coed aE Ug Tad gro we A ge Ted Te FT GET eo aegRNT (insulator) 5 HON CaF (cng) IT A TeUT Bh Fee me aH SCH ar ay ‘ar en we Fl awe oa he A pT Rar he fla FH (fixed horn) 84-3 Teen fh ‘Be, era BH Fees (ise) WHA AAG, eH gH OM TT TOE a Gee Me eT aH a for Sat a Pretest wh eh fe rae a ev ee, Fr ft ewe wey 2 fat werd weed cs he ene a set ome Hae fk eee HH Ty aes fen are i ee, ae Sat ae a ee ws rea rer Ee a ‘eh a 9 (earthy @ Stet wr ard aH ia he 8 wt ee wa (Alex bait ae at at WERE a OT feed 1.12 oa 33 KV st 600 om ar a are FreMTATE (outdoor insulator) rarer Tar th paved or fra 1.11 3 Recah ae el aA Prema feu AK (Mange), VE VS a Lame 4S 7a Hi ors: FHeTTATA (isolator) WY Ae Sea ae HAM SA gra a aa wT bac 90° a er ee ae at eget een we wT aA le: Flrge ey at fara wree, ah og are eh ee &, HH ART we, Prema (isolator) WE] aS fara wT eT we wore 88 ge ae? ate den ert, wae Gat wah we? ws HA Te fine jaca eet cect Bi Perret a re, aC fore eval wt alee & Ste A aera oe ti eat & fain, joa ta rarer care aa esa Frat Be ee ate sh er @, Hh PreraTa aT TA pre ergs wh Sra at (eat) @ eA aH EL connector) MRE STEN Sea & ger t afevereR ws eet oh &, frst & fer 1.13 (se) wm ferred fla fern wes en wale Fax 1.13 (@) wa cera era 3 9h wn eft feet HR (angle eon) 36 Som wae A TZ Fe ae Rg a Be cer 1 Fee eer en Fe ENE ea; ue A [ah ore Set 1 ene me we oT A RS we ere we ‘rg wito 8 (break) BA We see ae te ga TT Eh ork a ae er ek 113 (a) cafeew i &tarfet 8 a eh &, fer ta er we era se (carbonic) Wend I STE ining) com ean ses aa Per rene eae ven ere hor aon Se Seer era Freee wae in af aed &, rt rae we eo He ote ayes Beth af Prema la 5 aoe CSO aM By oa aera wae a oA we eh an 3 Pre 1 2 AB swe ce aes ore ahr wa a eH A eT ae Prt rh, Fs wren ge are ca ay ar & wea wee TT 3. Fuses 7p wp Get OR a ver a ee Te He TT aes TO FT aa & Fe seen ath 8a yaa et HT ATT A break we Sn LH aR BH Te wt HoH ET TT fr afta ar cee a 1 TA HET A wT ATCT ATTA melting point BBR een Bi ae:i a 12 a A ites 8 ae} dracq 2 8 ove shor Cireut Bor eH wea wey Se mnt ah ee el OTHE ST Ta rmenne ne power hf 0 ere hE gH Be germ A WET Bo See itt re ae ace 8 fares five re ¢ Fy Re. “ara re Her MeN Te Ie a a A eA ae he ee ftw He sro 8 wot wea G1 ye EH CT. Bi facta Gos ems Bike Fae A Trip coil H excite ee om acy wees BY sree are manually fee wer re. oe Frat ser 1 wa wes wee are th a rw era ae Cor wl fede ech H saew cams. dae Peat gery ter weet a Rat ti wa were er Fea Ea Ae TT Ve Are 5 Relays—R2 ae Pat ¢ fault @h deteer ae af de ah Tbe whe EF fey few 1.14 (&) 9 AA ard a fear eth (OC, 8 mete Grech wh an ate Sok sign am ¢ fra fe wr eH tam wea El oe ets wt fq ____________4g “IRI STEM H relay coil ATA wT Ew TT lz HT wep coil energized HH Hw ees ee fee er ts ae cea ene ae mea cu a Fa lay coil fa, ee TC ae rip coil energized Bw & Fars aH ek Tz ona € an ae BH or ae ae wh a 1.6 38 BK BERR (Bus-bar Arrangement) [wa ae We var Set a eka Ward we Ea Ce aE are A ree pg fee eae eT eh 1 ea: aan te ae Ar mr (Thin walled tube) # Sir CaFAATE AEST (Constant voltage) WaT wea th oH EE wen AHR SETH feere at, ss are a en Pe SA we a ehh wel ae fea tea orem fee ah oy seh fee grat ere Par (1) fiver er-aI HOTTA (Single Bus-bar System) ‘arat (Disadvantages) (2) fr ae 3 Cr. a facts Greet a perating coil @ Ftgt ren Sh Gy tte wf Tripping circuit & Faw “ike FH A tip coil Bat 4 Stationary Contacts #8 #1 (Powered ae wa we a aw ah al, ag a Te HC Hse fH Gi) a et ae BERT A we Te Hen at A Wee fe Er