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Sensor

This document discusses sensors and their uses in mechatronics systems. It describes how sensors detect physical stimuli and convert it to electrical signals, while actuators perform output functions to control external devices. Infrared sensors are discussed in detail, including how they can be active or passive, and use infrared light to detect heat, motion, and radiation. The document also covers smart sensors, sensor networks, and their applications in areas like habitat monitoring, environmental observation, and biomedical uses. Key challenges with sensor systems are also summarized such as limited power, computation, wireless communication, and data handling issues.

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38 views25 pages

Sensor

This document discusses sensors and their uses in mechatronics systems. It describes how sensors detect physical stimuli and convert it to electrical signals, while actuators perform output functions to control external devices. Infrared sensors are discussed in detail, including how they can be active or passive, and use infrared light to detect heat, motion, and radiation. The document also covers smart sensors, sensor networks, and their applications in areas like habitat monitoring, environmental observation, and biomedical uses. Key challenges with sensor systems are also summarized such as limited power, computation, wireless communication, and data handling issues.

Uploaded by

shamu
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Sensors

ADVANCED MECHATRONICS SYSTEMS


The Sensors are devices that responds to a physical
stimulus heat, light, sound, pressure, magnetism, motion,
etc , and convert that into an electrical signal.
They perform an input function

Introduction
The Devices which perform an output function are
generally called Actuators and are used to control. some
external device, for example movement.
Both sensors and actuators are collectively known as
Transducers. Transducers are devices used to convert
energy of one kind into energy of another kind.
 The ability of Sensors is to measure multi various
data on the activities taking place within a system
Why We Use that throws open plenty of use cases.
Sensors?
The vital part of a mechatronics
system is the sensing of
Sensors in physical parameters—
mechatronics

either discrete or continuous


IR SENSOR
 IR sensor is an electronic device, that emits
the light in order to sense some object of
the surroundings. An IR sensor can measure
the heat of an object as well as detects the
motion. Usually, in the infrared spectrum,
all the objects radiate some form of thermal
radiation. These types of radiations are
invisible to our eyes, but infrared sensor can
detect these radiations.
INFRARED SENSORS CAN BE ACTIVE THERMAL INFRARED SENSORS QUANTUM INFRARED SENSORS
OR PASSIVE AND THEY CAN BE SPLIT
INTO TWO MAIN TYPES:

The Types of Infrared Sensors


IR Sensor Working Principle
 There are different types of infrared transmitters
depending on their wavelengths, output power and
response time
IR Receiver or
Photodiode
Infrared receivers or infrared sensors detect the
radiation from an IR transmitter
Applications
of IR Sensor
Night Vision
Devices
Radiation
Thermometers
LADAR (LAser Detection
And Ranging)
 In the image above, on the left
is a LADAR image from the front
of a vehicle stopped at a
crosswalk in Santa Barbara, CA.
On the right is the same LADAR
data "viewed" from an overhead
location highlights the 3-D
nature of the data collected.
Smart
Sensor
What is a smart sensor? A smart sensor is a device that takes input from the
physical environment and uses built-in compute
resources to perform predefined functions upon
detection of specific input and then process data before
passing it on.
• Low cost
• Physically small,
• Wireless
• Self-identification and self-validation
• Very low power
Smart Sensor • Robust
• Self-diagnostic and self-healing
• Self-calibrating
• Data pre-processing
Applications
of Sensor
Networks
Advantages of Sensor Nets
Habitat monitoring

Environmental observation and forecasting


systems: Columbia River Estuary
Applications of
Sensor Nets
Smart Dust

Biomedical sensors
Approach to habitat monitoring
Smart Dust: Mote
◼ Tiny & light-communication

Active Transmitter with Laser


Passive Transmitter with
Diode and Beam Steering
Corner-Cube Retroreflector

Receiver with Photodetector

Sensors Analog I/O, DSP, Control

Power Capacitor

Solar Cell

Thick-Film Battery

1-2 mm
Biomedical  Sensors help to create vision
Sensors
Biomedical
Sensors
Common Challenging Issues

 Limited computation and data storage


 Low power consumption
 Wireless communication
 Medium, ad hoc vs. infrastructure, topology and routing

 Data-related issues
 Continuous operation
 Inaccessibility – network adjustment and retasking
 Robustness and fault tolerance
Material Constraints
• Bio-Compatibility
• Inconspicuous
Application-
• Imitative to environment
specific • Detect-proof: e.g. stealth flight
Constraints
Secure Data Communications

Regulatory Requirements – such as FDA


Sensor design
Limited
Computation
and Data
Storage
Cooperation among
sensors
Low power functional
components
Low Power Power-manageable
Consumption components
Power Management
 Communication mediums

Wireless  Ad hoc versus infrastructure modes


Communication  Topology
 Routing

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