Represented to : Dr Dina ezzeldin
From : farah Mohamed Basyony
The Roman and Greek museum
The goal of the museum is to collect antiquities from different dynastic tribes
The museum was originally a temple on Fouad Street in the year 1892 during the reign of
Khedive Abbas Hilmi II. When the great discoveries increased, we decided to open a larger
place in order to collect all of these antiquities.
So they decided to build this building and it was opened in 1895 also during the reign of
Khedive Abbas Hilmi II.
The antiquities start from the late Pharaonic era, the Thirtieth Dynasty, until the Roman era
and the Coptic era
I will start with the naos, the most sacred place in the temple, in which there is placed a statue
of the god with a picture of the God of the Air drawn in the form of a lion that was pulled out
of the water. Part of it was met by Prince Omar Tousen from the family of Muhammad Ali
Pasha, the second part was met by a foreign delegation, and the third part was met by a
Frenchman and he traveled to the Louvre from The reign of King Labo of the Thirtieth
Dynasty
Secondly, the two paintings, one they found in Abu Qir, the other was in the Egyptian
Museum, and the first time they were exposed to each other in the Greco-Roman Museum,
they talked about the taxes that were imposed on the ships that entered it in the area owned by
Heraclius. One of them was in the city of Nocrates in the Delta, and the other was located in
The city of Heracleion in Abu Qir. The only difference between them is the name of the two
cities
Thirdly, there is a group of utensils, statues, and cups that are won after playing sports. Olive
oil is placed in them and the game in which he won is drawn.
And sewn statues of animals, food, and small utensils for paints and perfumes
Fourth, a tombstone of a lady sitting sadly and her maid presenting her with a marble jewelry
box that belonged to him from Greece.
Fifth, the collection of Alexander the Great, one of red granite and two of white marble.
There is a head with an elephant skin on it, which is a symbol of his victory in the battle in
India, and also, the fierce fatigue, the fear of Alexander while wearing goatskin armor.
The map shows us the path of Alexander's campaign, beginning with his movement from
Macedonia until his return to Babylon, where he died.
Sixth, the Ptolemaic group, from the beginning of Ptolemy I to Ptolemy XIV and his wife
Seventh, decorations in the form of a queen in her military uniform
Daily life hall in the Ptolemaic era. Models of statues of mothers, such as a mother and her
daughter, and mosaic floors or on the walls, such as plaited decoration, cubes, zodiac
decoration, and other mosaic models representing a deer and a hunter.
The group of Tangier statues was named after the city of Tangier in Lebanon, the largest
percentage of these statues found there, representing costumes and hairstyles.
A set of utensils used in daily life
Drinking utensils, mixing utensils for wine, pouring utensils and food utensils
The walls of the tomb in Al-Wardian are painted with a basket of irrigation means, which is a
waterwheel
Another group represents the animals that existed at that time and the agricultural profession
Amot is engraved to imitate a river that was dug in Alexandria
A group of Roman emperors, such as Augustus, whose name was Octavian, the first emperor
in the Roman world, and another statue of him in the Egyptian form.
The eagle was the emblem of the Roman Empire and was printed on coins as well
The Hall of the Righteous Emperors contains 4 other emperors, such as Emperor Hadrian,
Marcus, Lucius Pyrrhus, and Antonius Peres.
Roman daily life hall
Banquet hall / Three sofas hall
A floorboard found in Al-Wardian contains geometric drawings with an image of Medusa in
the middle, placed for protection
A simulation of a Roman home, such as the bathroom, the kitchen, the utensils that were used
for eating and drinking, a pot for heating water, and the grinder for wheat used in baking,
then statues lying on sofas that express the Roman way of sitting, and finally the library with
the papyri.
The Cape Black Temple group was found in Cape Black next to Shedi Bishr. The purpose of
building this temple was a wealthy citizen who fell from a chariot and injured his leg. When
he was afraid, he made a dedication to the god Isis and wrote the dedication on the foot
support.
It also contains two statues of the Sphinx, which were placed for protection. It was located at
Bab Sharq and was moved to protect it from water. A group of statues was found on the
mastaba, and a statue of the god Isis carrying the sacred vessel of the Nile, which is a symbol
of her husband, Osiris, and also a statue of Harpocrates, the son of Osiris and Osiris.
The hall of the idol, the calf Apis, in his animal form for the Egyptians and his human form
for the Greeks. He was also called Serapis. He was found in Alexandria in the Serapeum area.
There is an imaginary model of the temple, as well as a scene from his tomb, Kom el-
Shuqafa, and another scene of the first director of the museum, who was Botti, an Italian
director.
The museum was managed by foreigners until 1952, when management was transferred to
the Egyptian administration. In the hall there is also an onyx of Serapis made of sycamore
wood, and the foundation deposits that were placed in the corners of the temple were buried
in the ground.
The Temple of the Crocodile was found in the Fayoum region by a Greek citizen named
Adesdeus, who gave the temple to the king. There are two lions in the temple for protection
and multiple gates, in the middle of which is a mummified statue of the crocodile, a symbol
of the deity.
Statues of intellectuals and poets are examples of papyrus scrolls and poetry
Then there is a special sports hall in which there are statues of athletes
Then he convinced the theater that musical instruments were placed on the face for acting
The Other World Hall expresses the methods of burial that were used, including embalming.
Portraits of Fayoum are placed over the embalming so that the deceased can identify himself.
The other method of burial is cremation, and the ashes are placed in a group of black vessels
and red vessels, then finally tombstones and coffins.
The part of the church was in the Byzantine era in which the cross was clearly visible, but
before that it was hidden, then the funerary paintings.
The Coptic textile group consists of parts of clothing or curtains, and in the middle is a statue
of the Good Shepherd, which is a symbol of Jesus Christ carrying a sheep on his back,
symbolizing that he is the shepherd of the church and his followers.
The theme of the Nile is depicted in the form of a plump man, like the lid of a coffin, which
was later used as a fountain with the god Nilus sitting on a bed.
A map of the seven branches of the port, of which only the Damietta branch and the Rosetta
branch remain, as well as ancient cities such as the city of Hercule, which has now sunk, and
the Canopic branch, which used to supply Alexandria with sweet water.
The Muhammara group was found in the Muhammara area near the Shedi Bishr area. A
variety of white marble, like the Mars machine, the war machine.
The market area group, where the intellectuals used to stand and talk, and it was also a place
for discussion. In the middle of the group there is a column in which the Olympus 12
machine is located, and then a colonnaded corridor, at the back of which is the market where
goods are sold.
Then the boat was not a monument. It was built to express how trade was in Alexandria at the
time of the 7th century AD. It was made in a workshop in the Rosetta area. The goods were
placed in vessels.
The captain's cabin and the tools he used
Some examples of important industries in Alexandria, such as bronze and glass
The collection of currencies throughout the ages was the most expensive, gold, and the
currency was measured according to the category and the economic situation in the country.
The more expensive it was, the better the economic situation.
The Neferlu coin, which was the first Egyptian coin to be manufactured, had a picture of the
emperor on the front side and a deity on the back.
The method of manufacturing the coin is blowing in the fire, then melting the metal, then
pouring it into the mold to print the shape
A group of imitators of gods and kings was found in Abu Qir
The Bastiad group symbolizes the Bastiad machine in the shape of a cat to protect children
and mothers from diseases. It was found in Alexandria near the Misr Station area.
Finally, a statue of the Ptolemaic queen in the form of Isis, said to be his wife, Ptolemy II,
was found near Qaydbey’s citadel, and the crown was found in the area of the Roman theater.
It is expected that it is the twin statue of Ptolemy II, which is located in the library.
