A
Micro Project Report
(“DIGITAL TECHNIQUES”)
On
“Making Universal Gate (NAND)
using Basic gates (NOT & AND)”
Submitted by:-
Shravani Gorad (05)
Prajakta jadhav (54)
Aariya vora(66)
Under the Guidance of
Prof. R.S. ANAMI
In the Partial Fulfillment of Third Semester of Diploma in
Computer Technology
Department of Computer Technology Bharati Vidyapeeth Jawaharlal Nehru Institute
Of Technology Pune- 43
Affiliated to
Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education Academic Year 2021-22
Certificate
This is to certify that
1. Aarya Chavan Roll No- 05
has successfully completed Micro-project in course “Computer Technology” for the academic
year 2023-24 as prescribed in the 'AssessmentManual' during her tenure of completing Third
Semester of Diploma Program in Computer Technology from institute, Bharati Vidyapeeth
Jawaharlal Nehru Institute Of Technology Pune:- 43.
2. Prajakta Jadhav Roll No- 54
has successfully completed Micro-project in course “Computer Technology” for the academic
year 2023-24 as prescribed in the 'AssessmentManual' during her tenure of completing Third
Semester of Diploma Program in Computer Technology from institute, Bharati Vidyapeeth
Jawaharlal Nehru Institute Of Technology Pune:- 43.
3. Aariya Vora Roll No- 66
has successfully completed Micro-project in course “Computer Technology” for the academic
year 2023-24 as prescribed in the 'AssessmentManual' during her tenure of completing Third
Semester of Diploma Program in Computer Technology from institute, Bharati Vidyapeeth
Jawaharlal Nehru Institute Of Technology Pune:- 43.
CourseTeacher Headof theDepartment
ActionPlan
Planned
Sr Planned Start NameofResponsibleTeam
DetailsofActivity Finish
No Date Members
Date
TopicDiscussion &
1
Selection 05. Aaya Chavan
2 Resources Used 54. Prajakta Jadhav
Application 66. Aariya vora
3
4 Conclusion
ResourcesRequired:
Sr Nameof Specification
Qty. Remarks
No Resource/Material
.Standard size 1
1 Breadboard
2 LED Red color 1
3 AND gate IC no.7408
4 NOT gate IC no.7404
5 Battery 9V 1
6 Wires Jumping wires 10
Name of Team Members with RollNo’s:
RollNo Name of Team Members
27 Aarya Chavan
54 Prajakta Jadhav
66 Aariya Vora
Abstract:
NAND Gate as a Universal Gate
A NAND (Not-AND) gate is a digital logic gate that provides an output of "0" only when both of
its input signals are "1". In all other input combinations, it provides an output of "1". While
NAND gates are commonly used in digital circuits as basic building blocks for other logic gates,
they also have the unique property of being a universal gate.
This means that any other digital circuit can be constructed entirely using NAND gates. This is
possible because NAND gates can be used to create all of the other basic logic gates including
AND, OR, and NOT gates. By combining NAND gates in different ways, more complex logic
functions can be created.
Using NAND gates to construct digital circuits has several advantages. First, it simplifies the
design process, as only one type of gate needs to be used. It also reduces the number of gates
required compared to using different types of logic gates, which can result in a smaller and
more efficient circuit. Additionally, using only NAND gates can reduce both cost and power
consumption in practical applications.
In conclusion, the NAND gate is a fundamental building block of digital circuits and has the
unique property of being a universal gate. Its ability to create all other basic logic gates makes it
a valuable tool in simplifying the design process and reducing the number of gates required in a
circuit.
NOT Gate as basic gate
A NOT gate, also known as an inverter, is a fundamental digital logic gate. It has one input and
one output. The output is the logical opposite (complement) of the input. When the input is '0'
(false) in binary, the output is '1' (true), and vice versa. This gate is crucial for data inversion and
negation in digital circuits, where it helps reverse the state of signals, making it a foundational
component in electronic systems.
AND Gate as basic gate
An AND gate is a fundamental digital logic gate that takes two or more binary inputs and
produces a single output. It outputs '1' (true) only if all its inputs are '1'; otherwise, it outputs '0'
(false). This gate is essential for logical operations, where it checks for the conjunction of
conditions. In digital circuitry, AND gates are widely used to control and process data, serving as
a key component in various electronic applications.
HOW WE PROOFED NAND GATE AS UNIVERSAL GATE ?
Ans]
Step 1] First we Bought All the resources needed.
Step 2] Then we collected all information regarding Nand gate and about its properties.
Step 3] Later we started working on actual Project.
Step 4] Firstly we did Ground And VCC connections on Breadboard using jumping wires.
Step 5] Then we connected AND Gate IC 7408 and NOT gate IC 7404 to the Breadboard.
Step 6] Next we connected the two wires as inputs at 1st and 2nd terminal of IC 7408.
Step 7] Then output of IC 7408 at 3rd terminal is considered as input of IC 7404 at 1st terminal.
Step 8] Then both the IC’S were connected, one wire to the ground and the other to VCC for
power supply.
Step 9] Then the wire connected to the VCC is connected to the Positive terminal of Battery.
Step 10] And similarly wire which is connected to ground is connected to the Negative terminal
of Battery.
Step 11] AND TADA! THE SETUP IS READY AND ASSEMBLED.
SO when we connect wire to ‘ground’ that is ‘0’ or ‘OFF’ the the LED is gets on.
And when connected the wire to ‘VCC’ that is ‘1’ or ‘ON’ the LED is OFF.
Applications of Nand Gate
1. Logic gates: Nand gates are one of the basic logic gates used in digital electronics. They can be
used to create other logic gates like AND, OR, XOR, etc.
2. Universal gate: Nand gate is known as a universal gate because it can be used to implement any
boolean function.
3. Flip-flops: Nand gates can be used to construct different types of flip-flops, which are essential
building blocks of digital circuits.
4. Decoder: Nand gates can be used to construct decoders, which are used to decode binary data
to a specific output based on the input address.
5. Encoder: Nand gates can also be used to construct encoders, which perform the opposite
function of decoders. They convert an input into a binary code output.
CONCLUSION :-
An AND gate is a fundamental digital logic gate that takes two or more binary
inputs and produces a single output. It outputs '1' (true) only if all its inputs
are '1'; otherwise, it outputs '0' (false). This gate is essential for logical
operations, where it checks for the conjunction of conditions. In digital
circuitry, AND gates are widely used to control and process data, serving as a
key component in various electronic applications.
