www.letreviewers.

com

Art ELEMENTS OF ART

 the quality, production or expression of what is  DOT – origin of all drawings
beautiful, appealing or of more than ordinary  LINES
significance o SET OF POINTS ★
 WORK OF ART - Visual expression of an idea o Refers to the contour, profile, or outline of an
 MEDIUM – material along with accompanying object.
technique o It determines the shape or form of the object
 Straight -rigidity ★
PURPOSES AND FUNCTIONS OF ART  Diagonal – opposition★
 Spiritual Sustenance – all worlds major religions  Vertical –strength ★
have used art and instruct faith
 Horizontal – stability★
 Personal and Cultural Expression – interest and
 Curved – movement ★
tradition
 Sweeping curved – calm
 Social and Political Purpose – criticized or
 Sharp, short curved - agitation
influence public opinion
 COLOR
o Define certain spatial qualities of a composition
ART – derives from the old LATIN, which implies a craft
o Provide organization and unity
or specialized sort of expertise
o Create balance
The SUBJECT of Art
o Convey emotion and symbolize ideas
 In any art form
o REFLECTION AND ABSORPTION OF LIGHT ★
o Painting
o Music o PRIMARY COLORS – Red, Blue, Yellow ★
o Sculpture o SECONDARY – Orange, Green and Violet ★
o Architecture o TERTIARY - Mixture of two equal amount of
o Dance primary and secondary colors (Yellow green,
That serves as the foundation of the creation of the work yellow orange, blue green, blue violet, red
of art. orange, red violet)
o MONOCHROMATIC – use of single color tin in
ART PRESENTED IN 2 WAYS different shades
 Representational/objective art – use signs and o ANALOGOUS – 3-4 neighboring colors with one
naming elements (paintings, sculpture, theater) color in all mixtures
 Non representational/ non-objective art – o COMPLEMENTARY COLOR – any to opposite
abstract, work that does not show anything from colors on the color wheel
the real world o SPLIT COMPLEMENTARY – three colors where in
two of which are beside the complement of the
ASSUMPTIONS OF ART third color
 Art is Universal o DOUBLE SPLIT COMPLEMENTARY = uses four
 Nature is not Art and Art is not nature colors arrange into complementary pair
 Art is a result of personal experience – without o TRIAD – three colors that form an equilateral
experience there is no art triangle in a color wheel
o PROPERTIES OF COLOR:
FUNCTIONS OF ART  HUE – the identity of a color
1. Social – bridges connection among people  COOL Colors – dominance of blue
2. Utilitarian – gives comfort, convenience and  WARM Colors – dominance of red and
happiness to the human yellow
3. Cultural – preserves, shares, and transmit  VALUE – lightness or darkness of a hue
culture  INTENSITY or SATURATION –strength of a
4. Aesthetic – be aware of beauty hue

www.letreviewers.com
www.letreviewers.com
SELECTED STYLES/MOVEMENTS IN WESTERN ART
 FORM - COMBINATION OF SHAPES ★  REALISM – a naturalistic approach to subject
 SHAPE matter
o ENCLOSED FIGURE ★  IMPRESSIONISM – a style wherein paintings are
o Based on the use of contour usually done outdoors
o Can be defined by the use of value, color and  EXPRESSIONISM – centers on the expression of
textures inner emotions, colors used are vibrant and
o Can range purely representation to completely distortion
abstract  ABSTRACT – non-representational or non-
 Geometrical shapes – measurable figurative imagery
 Organic Shapes – non measurable  DADAISM – (anti)aggressive reaction against
 VALUE conventional art using unconventional method
o Refers to the amount of light and dark areas in a  SURREALISM – where artists gathered inspiration
composition from the depths of the subconscious mind
o Allow contrasts  POP ART – western art moves that inspired from
o Adding black will darken a hue o lower its value. familiar images of popular culture such as
This is called a SHADE. advertisements, comics, and commercial products
o Adding white will lighten a hue or raise its value.  SOCIAL REALISM – an art movement which
This is called a TINT portrays social and racial injustice and economic
hardship marked by its realistic depiction of social
PRINCIPLES OF DESIGN problems
 TEXTURE – how something feels to touch  CUBISM – geometrical shapes
 SPACE – the depth and the relation positions of  OP-ART (OPTICAL ART) – style of visual art that
objects uses optical illusions
o The distance around, between, above, below, ART = FORM + CONTENT
and within an object.
 Indistinct drawing – suggest distant o Form – aspects of art or how the art is made
objects o Content - relates to the subject of the art
 Overlapping objects – relative positions
FORMAL ANALYSIS OF PAINTING
 Gradation of color – creates depths
 Linear – depth by using parallel lines that  Looking at a work of art to try to understand
converge on a vanishing point what the artist are wants to convey visually.
 DOMINANCE - emphasis of a feature point o LINE AND SHAPE - Line define shape and
o Uses contrast between feature point may create an outline or contour as style
and other elements called “linear”
 BALANCE – harmonious arrangement of o COLOR - Event of wavelengths of light
elements in a composition hitting an object and those wavelengths
o Equal distribution of VISUAL weight on reflecting back into your eyes
either side of a composition’s center o TEXTURE – pertaining to the surface
o Used to create a sense of stability “feel” of the work of art
o Types of Balance o SPACE and MASS
 Symmetrical balance – equal elements  SPACE– to what contains
 Asymmetrical balance – unequal elements objects; may be 3-
 Repetition – recurring element dimensional(actual) or 2-
 Contrast – differences in form, line, dimensional(illusion)
texture and color  MASS – the effect and degree of
bulk, density and weight of the
matter in space

www.letreviewers.com
www.letreviewers.com
 FORESHORTENING – way of representing an  Edvar Munich
object that it conveys the illusion of depth,  Jackson Pollock
the modification  ⭐ Picasso- the father of Cubism
 ONE-POINT – converging lines  Henry Moore
 TWO-POINT – two points in line with each  Salvador Dali
other  Paul Cezanne
o COMPOSITION – how items are arrange or  Diego Rivera
organized in a work of art
 SCALE refers to the size of the art object NOTABLE PHILIPPINE PAINTERS AND THEIR WORKS
o MOVEMENT- gives lifelike feeling to a work.  ⭐ Jose Lozano - letras y figures
PRINCIPLE OF DESIGN  Damian Domingo - tipos del pais
 ⭐ Juan Luna - Spolarium
 STYLE  Felix Hidalgo - silver medal 1884 - Las Virgenes
o Refers to the consistent and characteristic Cristianas Expuesras al Popullacho
handling of media, elements of form and  20th Century
principles of design that make a work
 ⭐Fabian Dela Rosa - women working in the rice
identifiable as particular culture, period,
field
region group or person
 ⭐Amorsolo - Fruit Gatherers, sundaymorning
o Makes the work distinctive
going to church, dalagang buikd
 CULTURAL STYLE - beliefs
 ⭐ Victorio Edades - The builders
 PERIOD STYLE – economic and political changes,
something new come along  ⭐Calos Botong Francisco - Harana, art works
 REGIONAL STYLE – geography leads diverse style seen in Manila City Hall
 GROUP STYLE – artists form alliances to publicize PHILIPPINE SCULPTORS
their aim as a group to promote distinct style
 PERSONAL STYLE – personal expression  Mariano Madrianan -santero froom Paeta
o TWO BASIC FORM OF STYLE Laguna
 REPRESENTATIONAL – recognizable subject  ⭐ Guillermo Tolentino- UP Oblation , Boni
matter Monument
- Realism – attempt to depict objects  ⭐ Napaleon- father of modern Filipino sculpture
- Naturalism – implies a grim subject  ⭐Lamberto Hechanova - The Crucifix
- Illusionism – create convincing  ⭐ Abdulmari Imao - Sarimanok
representation or illusion of realty  ⭐Eduardo Castrillo - Pieta
 ABSTRACT – seeks to capture the essence of a  Solomon Saprid - Tikbalang
form, not literal  Roberto Feleo
- Non-representational – does not produce  Other modernists
recognizable imagery  Hernando Ocampo - Homage to Tandang Sora
- Expressionism – exaggerate to get the  Diosdado Lorenzo -Ilog ng Cabiao
essence of art form  Anita Magsaysay Ho - using tempera style, Fruit
Vendors
ARTS and ARTISAN  Jose Joya - Pagdiriwang
 Leonardo da Vinci – Mona Lisa  Vincent Manansala - Madonna of the Slums
 Vincent Van Gogh – The Starry Night  Arturo Luz - Black Form
 Michaelangelo - David Creation of Adam, St.  Antipas Delotavo - Itak sa Puso ni Mang Juna
Peter's Basilica, Pieta⭐  Ben Cab - Edsa Event
 Claude Monet - MOSAIC - image is created using ans assemblage kf small
 Frida Kahlo - The Two Fridas self portrait pieces of colored galss stones or others materials
 Georgia O'Keefee -
 Edgar Degas -
www.letreviewers.com
www.letreviewers.com

STAINED GLASS - colored glass as a material ART FROM PERSPECTIVE OF PHILOSOPHY

GREEK ARCHITECTURE  Art as a kind of emulation -mimics

 Art as a means of communication
 Doric - simplest ⭐  Art as a kind of unbiased evaluation
 Ionic - scroll  Art as a means of conveying emotional content
 Corinthian - leafy
PSYCHOLOGY OF COLORS

 red - strength, defiance strain

Rafello -Transfuguracion  blue - intelligence, coldness, unfriendliness, lack
Donatelo -David of emotion
 yellow -optimism, fear
Da Vinci - The Last Supper, Mona Lisa  green- balance, refreshment, environmental
awareness, boredom
 violet - spiritual awareness, introversion,
10 PHIL. BEST FESTIVALS inferiority
 orange - physical comform, immaturity
 Sinulog - Cebu (Third Week January)
 pink -nurture, love, physical weakness,
 Ati-atihan - Mother of all Philippine festival
emasculation
 Dinagyang Festival Iloilo
 gray - neutral , lack of confidence
 Panagbenga Festival- Baguio, February, season
 Black - sophistication, opression
of blooming
 White - hygiene, unfriendliness
 Mariones- Marinduque, March or April
 brown - seriousness, lack of humor
 Pahiyas Festival- Lucban, May 15
 Pintados-Kasadayan Festival -Tacloban, June 29 MUSIC
 Sirong Festival - Surigao De Sur, Aug 15
 Maskara- Bacolod, October - It is an art for and cultural activity whose
 Giant Lantern - San Fernando Pampanga, A medium is sound and silence
week before Christmas Eve  DYNAMICS – loudness and softness in music
o Pianissimo – very soft/quiet (voiceless)
PHILIPINNES ARTS AND CRAFTS: A CHRONOLOGY o Piano – soft/quiet
o Mezzo –piano – moderately quiet/soft
 ⭐Pre Colonial art was created before arrival of
o Mezzo-forte – moderately loud
Spaniards
o Forte – loud
o literure has two forms
o Fortissimo – very loud
1. oral -chants
o Crescendo – gradually louder
2. written -cave drawings
o Decrescendo – gradually softer
 ⭐Period of Spanish Colonial Art
 most art are religious INSTRUMENTS
 ⭐American Colonial Art  RONDALLA – brought by the Spaniards.
 Education and Value Education o group of stringed instruments that are
 Fabian Dela Rosa played with a pick
 ⭐ Post Colonial Art  CLASSIFICATION OF INSTRUMENTS
o CCP was created to experiment and o AEROPHONES – vibration of air
explore in different art medium o CHORDOPHONE – strings
 ⭐ Contemporary Art Period o MEMBRANOPHONES – skin vibrates
o sudden rise of personal computers and o IDIOPHONES – vibration of actual
new technology created a new art instruments
medium
www.letreviewers.com
www.letreviewers.com

 One point perspective – distance by means of  Pop Art – western art moves that inspired from
converging lines familiar images of popular culture such as
 Obelisk – important structure in Ancient Egyt, 4- advertisements, comics, and commercial
sidede stone shaft made of one stone with products
tapered for decorating entrance  Abdulmari Imao – a sculpture and National artist
 Woodcut printing – method of printing used by that made “Sarimanok/Legendary Bird”
the 18th century printing press in Manila  Casting –a process to create items like small
 Complementary – type of color harmony that uses figurines for sale in the mall
yellow and violet  Giant Parol – Pampanga
 Art – process or product of creative skill that  Bravery – the ka-in originated in southern
reflects the characteristic of a certain period in Kalinga, what does the red in fabric represent
mankind’s history that maybe a “mimesis, a  Taal, Batangas – “balisong at barong”
represent except: art is readily appreciated by all  Pahiyas Festival – San Isidro Labrador
people, regardless of culture  Inabel and burnay – Ilocano’s hand weaving
 Tempera – medium used in painting that is technique and simple pottery
traditional paint that uses egg yolk as binder  Bul-ul - rice god or spirits
 Representational – painting, sculptures and  Bongol –brightly colored beads used for
theater artworks are easily recognized subject weddings or occasions in Ifugao
because of its clarity and identification  Kalinga – a type of textile characterized by
 Folk Dance – best example of cultural function dominant red stripes and motifs of geometric
 Necessity – a social function of art patterns as well as nature symbols interlaced
 Aesthetic function – it is about beauty with white yellow and black fibers
 Art is result of personal experience –Art is not a  Musikong Bumbong - Filipino Marching Bands
comprehensive guide but rather experience makes use of bamboo aerophones and other
 Art is Universal = transcends generations and instruments
nations  Brass Bands - musical ensemble playing in the
 Hot color: Orange, Red, yellow streets and generally consist of brass and
 Mona Lisa – artwork by Da Vinci woodwind instruments?
 Vertical – suggest strength, power and authority  Rondalla - group of stringed instruments that
 Shape- A two-dimensional area enclosed by a line are played with a pick
that establishes contour  Kundiman, harana, kumintang - Lowland music is
 Spolarium – Juan Luna, most prized painting of divided into several categories.
the Philippines  Polka- Not an example of Art Music
 Guillermo Tolentino – UP Oblation and sculpture  Angklung, Kalatok, Pan Pipes - Pangkat Kawayan
of Bonifacio Monument employs the following instruments.
 Blue – does not suggest sunset  Spain – Nation has had an impact on our music
 Horizontal – suggests quiet and relation and religion
 Yellow – not a dominance of blue colors  Religious Music – Pasyon, Pastores, Agnus Dei
 Rhythm – art principle use line, form, color  Dynamics – loudness and softness of sound
texture or pattern repeatedly  Folk song – “Sitsiritsit and Bahay Kubo”
 Unity – uniform usage of lines, color, and texture  Hornbostel-Sachs - Which of the following is the
across a design project international instrument classification, in which
 Da Vinci: Mona Lisa , Van Gogh: The Starry Night instruments are classified based on how they
 Pablo Picasso – father of Cubism produce sound?
 Paul Cezanne – “We live in a rainbow of Chaos”  Texture - reflects lighter than a rough surface,
 Soul Making- make sense of language and draw making the color more vibrant as a result of the
meaning from words reflection
 Realism – kind of style in the arts, naturalistic
approach to the subject matter www.letreviewers.com

www.letreviewers.com
 Color has an immediate and significant impact
on the design of a piece of artwork. Also, can
influence how individuals feel and behave.
 Monochromatic - describe a different shade of
one color
 Diego Rivera – Mexican Painter “I’ve never
believed in God, but I believe in Picasso”
 Fear - Yellow’s negative remark
 Hygiene – positive remark of white
 Green – means balance
 Art is a means of communication - art depicts
about the representation of a version of reality.
Aristotelian philosophy holds that art has two
distinct purposes: it allows for the enjoyment of
pleasure, and it has the power to be
instructional, teaching its audience valuable
lessons about life and its surroundings
 Curved lines used to create flow and gracefulness
 Unity -elements a work to the whole
 Amorsolo's rice planting- the most popular
commonwealth
 Chiaroscuro - illustrates a striking contrast bet.
light and dark
 Historical painting of Amosolo - except Dalagang
Bukid
 Napoleon Abueva - father of modern Filipino
sculpture⭐
 Mother And Child, the work of Napoleon abueva
exert motherhood
 Peita- ang kiukok inter national art in saigon
 Botong Fransicco - paintings in manila city hall
 Alejandro Cuvera- father of spanish zarsuela
 Antonio Molina - father of the Philippines
Impression
 red + yellow = orange
 monochromatic - different shades of one color
 cool colors – blue, green and violet
 warm colors - orange, yellow and red
 color wheel- circular chart
 water color - colors are less luminous and
transparent

www.letreviewers.com