DISTRICT 306 C2 SRI LANKA FILLING THE BLANK SPACESTABLE OF CONTENTS | District President's message IL UNKIND WARS Il] What is a war? IV Characteristics of Unkind Wars V_ Harm Caused by Unkind Wars VI The Sri Lankan Civil War VII World War II VIII Hiroshima and Nagasaki IX Organizations that Help Civilians in Unkind Wars X Editor's note XI Editing crew = ———— LACUNADistrict President’s Message Dear Leos of NIBM, Tera Coo ee ECAC ORC Cnr ey your Leo District President. | am so glad that I’ve worked very closely with your Leo club since its inception. I am so proud of your performances as a orem hme hi (te Aca CR ret ister orn rs sant arte ens r graduate with many degrees by the end. A degree in social science, Human Resource Management, P roject Management, Strategic Leadership, Business Management, Marketing, Information & Technology, Digital Marketing, CCE Uae mee Re UMCM eee Bee el eee LC Roe aR catee me aera c OEE aC Merce Ch CRU enti rrr Pee Choate ttt itm gn Cel et) ane eee tome ae Ted Pn Sm tC Ca Per oa e Lras rca tie kot Brae as tits CPR CSM ra Citar crit to greater heights. I wish all the very best for the club president Leo Modana & team Fe Tea Rote Coe B At times, this might not be an easy journey, Pata Cate tC Rea TT Paar oti cece Yours in Leoism, ROBO BEL C Bete Bed nl District President Leo District 306 C2WHAT IS A WAR ? as brutal: a) and/a lack off a inh repare both the combatants ne ae eae ap ans og beyond the limits fof the international! y saan eae aCharacteristics of Unkind Wars... e War crimes SUITE O LCT MINN) CREECH ORO ATMO NTH RSUCA TERS FeeVaeCcUU eT aN MI TE LOCSMCO MRT LACReT CC Ro CCRU CL Moy mou NTO (ere RLV crey Ot e Humanitarian Crisis WU ACR Ovo ca NETIC WEN ea om Cxely ye Ceonoieselnnits and a lack of access to medical care. ¢ Infrastructure Destruction Schools, hospitals and essential services are most often deliberately targeted and severely damaged, leading to long term social and CeleloeCeyued Coe neere UConn ¢ Disregarding the Laws of Armed Conflict OURO M ITER MeL M One etMO MUR emE UOTE NY ECuacye lr MEN AMO MVM ROO Ti NARMII MOC AMO NY CIHLECORIYITCOLT Precmelatance ACen Mun laMaNUlIE Ve TCMeOinlerclecTleM VIO Tecm tem ECM m Vo Nace lot MONS cm OST ULC ¢ Civilian Casualties Amass number of civilian go through causalities, even women EVCema i (elury aCharacteristics of Unkind Wars... ¢ Using Prohibited Weapons Itis no news that in unkind wars, weapons that are legally banned Cem om ELUCOD IAC UerlOO TUG NR Ma niT Cel eT eCeMe)os Cer Beran ¢ Scorched Earth Tactics MViCcm oe VantccmontetacvucBl\e) ire BrCOKie ymurCcmel Ne MULS mee) dant ct ae) tactics,destroying resources and land just to put up a barricade ETI M ORNS KOH RSR TUCO U OLN ORO NMAC CaN r mst ceec HOt ¢ Psychological and Emotional Scars Even though all the other effects of war like destructed property and resources can be somehow repaired, the emotional and psychological scars that wars leave behind is in no way repairable and is long-lasting sometimes they are even passed down from generation to generation.Characterized by extreme cruelty, excessive brutality and lack of restraint, unkind wars cause significant harm on multiple and varied levels. They are extensive and affects not only the combatants but also the civilians and the societies. The harm caused by these wars go beyond the immediate and visible and long lasting consequences. Loss of Life Physical and Psychological Injuries and Trauma De eaouoie yrearCaele mem ertictyaut(aattys Humanitarian crises War crimes and violation of international laws Environmental Damages Cultural and Historical Loss Economic Consequences Social and Political Instability Strain on the Healthcare systems Eroded trust (Coie le CO eV Mb ee aeAST (ecg The Sri Lankan Civil War which lasted from 1983 to 2009, involving the Sri Lankan Government of Sri Lanka and the Seo COMMU Oro mE HEIL RCAWUD meron lac Et SNM TaCT RCM MrcccTeytiem Uric Riou mute) (ies and brutality that occurred throughout the years. Cause MU iCem elem MeN MOC Layo Liner Ce acoma mile Moy mn Com syetatd ol Tez te in BE aoc Sinhala was made the main language Baul) it ATT became ig main ethnic group condemning the pee Cutis SGT PENS ray as by the British for aiding them to een ee known as Seach back in eo oo Cmte 40 In 1972 the Sinhalese eta acme eM mia Lur to Sri Lanka and made Buddhism the primary religion in the country, SELES Meas iSO m LLC CUB n MG ONLY SCY PTTOC CRE Cre ro ne Awash pee the Mey i OTTER a e:1) Lc et eg a A , . ws il 421983 - The LTTE ambushed an army Cr PucTA Cuber emai CeNe Oy UOC Se Ma Men toc BES UR ERO lM nsec OM EW UCcem © 1987 - India who has its own population in the south, deployed a peacekeeping ecm MUNK MMT m Uae Clan aU Co quem Dahman the LTTE became a brutal terrorist organization with the suicide bomb attacks, recruitment of child soldiers and the ability to challenge the Sri Lankan FeV Bi UMN EE BEALE DIM uM ComummU ree meen or Riegel the island. SEL PAI SECO mM WU ORME at meee ye Nan R ORIN Te-LCe Ce) bearito tay 2002 - Norway brokered a cease-fire between the Sri Lankan government and the LTTE, but the peace that broke out in the country the following year EV Renew teeta oT cM aUT acm ICMR Me(auo des Mme neme (eta RCO Komen taa, thousand people due to the 2004 Tsunami. 2005 - Reigniting of the conflict with the assassination of Sri Lanka’s foreign minister, Lakshman Kadiragamar and the following two years the cease-fire ATER M ITO Lec Me aoLon me e-beam | ape? 2008 = It was decided that there was no point on talking peace with the SAMUS Una aM eUMeC emcee Ane Mbico mn TAese Roe te Uist eM oct onnCo CeO cleacrlai coma eKaO Team LU ENTE with mass destruction, loss of life from both parties and un casualties took De as the unkind war pipeeeued, : | © 2009\—The Sri Lankan Government FLrtete nets the war was officially over and won by them with the death of the LTTE leader Velupullai Prabhakaran. “After/26)longjyearsjthe|cruel| war,that;consumed|theentire!countryjwith an inhumane|darkness was 'finallyjput.to rest.and yet the wounds|caused| physically/and|psychologically remain\unhealed up ‘to date.WORLD WU I ens ANG Te ort awrite KTR IOS, OEE UOC NES Lye tao es Prone Rear sianiny ECT taro) oro settee Those two parties, Pile rae EWE ene Ce PCED ara. eky . a a Cause SECURES cae am R mem OU CA Crm aCe el AUC CeO eC RUC OM aU CHC RM\LYI Germany. The invasion was done on September 1, 1939 which subsequently PUB G Case HOME CUM aCe later nim eo ert Ll However, there are various themes that have been seen as reasons as to why ACR EET S CAN emi outom olan Comte COU AUER EAC som RN Erma TaR Awe oem COE ena SEER ee U NOE UNO CR Mm COUIt Roa Hale Raa s1K| Oma OER OR CCU AORICB ECU BCU m UCT arleCE: ltl the Second Sino-Japanese war.There was also the aggression Italy had against Ethiopia which led to the Second Italo-Ethiopian war. PUCCIO R Re MO meme ne ROR AtEm erg that led to the annexation of Austria and the partition of Czechoslovakia. And lastly there was also Germany's success in negotiating the Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact with the Soviet Union that was to divide the vec RUE a eo Ue aaa RRA Ome Lea aeeel TVEeRIG Teco eam sesaih, Mina eterno gente and the U! SNalong w Tra Not clae Eres aaa | Germany. It con Titg Pum to the World War and it “? yee las The, sthelwar to endiall wars’ ; @> 1933 = a January 30th, Adolf Hitler became chancellor of Germany and later % assumed dictatorial pining This was when the German rearmament took off. “x a © On March 22nd, the Dachau concentration camp was opened. This would be the Cn of what is known as iG Holocaust. " In April 1st, the oe of Jewish'shops and ee began, while days later on April 7th, laws for reestablishment of the Civil Service PEVeuseaew i coil needie GNI ca Come Ac eStArar TeX MTEL Cea oT LHL0) UT By July 14th, the law had stripped East European Jewish immigrants of their German citizenships. ¢ 1934 - Hitler proclaimed himself Leader and Reich Chancellor (Fuhrer und Reichskanzler) on August 2nd and the armed forces were PON Cele LU URL MCR (erevarVelel I TcViLacm con vt e CMB CRS MAR UM evaRrU TaN aATT-MTMaNMe IME NUD U Niet BO KaccKO) ) May 31st. And by September 15th, Anti-Jewish racial laws were enacted, known as the Nuremberg Laws. With these laws, Jews were not EV ONY RORUELen miele Li menameol OR OM elaine aE Li ET a On November 15th, Germany defined “Jew” as: anyone with three Jewish grandparents; someone with two Jewish grandparents who identifies as a Jew. 1936 - In March, Jewish doctors were barred from practicing medicine in any German institution. Then on the 7th of the month, Germans marched toward Rhineland, which was previously demilitarized by the Versailles Treaty. In July, the Sachsenhausen concentration camp was opened and by October 25th, Hitler and Mussolini formed the Rome-Berlin Axis.ED ek Commer itieletl Pe neh emnisspricn eee e ONT eh Tale sya deter) ritain-and Erance}.to declare war against Germany. a On September 17th, the Soviet Union invaded Poland. Soviet Union leader Joseph Stalin, who was working with Adolf Hitler, ordered the ew invasion of Poland to secure a share of Polish territory in their name. : : yy ‘ : Nada wea CAT NelMatnm a yeUecrtela ct hc) German troops. Poland held out for another nine days before capitulating. December 13th, British cruisers defeated a German pore sccral yet aqu ers tho) Flare om ac IN CMCC R Nee mec Moe onary of World War II. 1940 - From January 1940 through late August 1941, some 70,273 adult patients were murdered in gas chambers, this was known as the Operation T4: Ehthanasia Program. On April 8th, 1940, Germany invaded Norway, which prompted the end to a rae manual O EUR uoe-tCy mie Terr re-lI (ae Ma ime a Elam May 10th; Winston Churchill replaced Neville Chamberlain as the SS ateKS Maar UM VITA MoOD MANET Tee C Nm arLeLereomueev Nannon eeCeCcColN ste (oa LUT LO The Auschwitz I concentration camp was established on May 20th.The Coty CeceyaeeeTovoy Maeve MUTeLe ma omcreve Cem eCela nee Ney Mell tiyeae CUT err Prana TUM ACU ico ee CMEC MA ELCa Vertu oor Care Ra Cem nth Cs (sey im ecu Core ET CeCe Cy the people in these camps were to provide labor and based on their labor performance they would be determined whether they'd live or die. From May 26th to June 4th, the trapped British army evacuated to England COM Nd aoe eMac Ron iy Tec W Oe mer AOR R eae att Miracle of Dunkirk. OMe CLM erece CI MCORI Era nee Me MEL BUEN oe LCe From July 11th to October 31st, Britain was fighting for its life. The Battle of Britain pitted German bombers against British fighters, in the thwarted Lererelm yea iCeComcon TN etS (UeTheo tins litte ofthe war HENS ages 500,000 people. munwe Rome that were led by the Iron Guard, where hundreds of Jews ae butchered from January 21st to the 26th. On Reonlee 1st, German Jews required to wear the yellow star of ea “ with the word “Jude” on it " - a . Taco Soong 28th to the 29th, 34,000 Jews were massacred at ra Yar outside of Kiev. ~ s a In October, Auschwitz II was established for theextermination of Jews. However, aside from Jews, Poles, Russians, ay and many others were also murdered at the camp. December 7th, 1941, Japan attacked Pearl Harbor in the U.S. This prompted the war with the U.S. Hitler sensed there was weakness and four days after the attack, Germany declared war against America. December 8th, Chelmno extermination camp began its operations where 340,000 Jews, 20,000 Poles and Czechs were murdered by April of 1943. ¢ 1942 - On January 20th, the Wannsee Conference was held in Berlin, where Heydrich outlined the plan to murder Europe's Jewish population. By March 17th, the extermination began in Belzac, and by the end of 1942 there were 600,000 Jews that had been murdered. From June 4th to the 7th, The U.S. Navy defeated the Japanese Navy in what was called the Battle of Midway. On July 9th, the Allied forces invaded Sicily. CMU RSMO aL YAM AVR Na cen cem ts Hie PO aia Meola i ceeloe Me gecliCaom aie Ree COR CR e mcr eoetenon Cts sig DCm h meter Caluco tied ena Ces To leam eel dN PU Ube MY CeN TUMOR (o\ (ey While in the winter, there were deportation of Jews from Germany, Greece, and Norway to the killing centers. At this time, the Jewish partisan movement SEM e-eUNeAce MTB Cee crt AN) [heSENSI reo OVA Tee ceri rac TI Lose 7a German forces were occupying Northern |; s Deed nce C UN ance Kr Toure hae COVA Cael TC OE Ny ele uh 4 Ny eT 27th, 380,000 Jews were sent to Bde ~ > - vn » ate la ™~. ¢ TheAllies took control of France on August 25th. o ~ » German forces counterattacked Northern France, Belgium and Luxembourg. This was known as the Battle of Bulge, on December 16th: 1945 - February 19th, U.S Marines landed on the Japanese island Iwo Jima. And on March 22nd, the U.S. 3rd Army crossed the Rhine River in Germany. WN al Mme rene UR ETO CHEER ELOUTAB INEM euEM Cem leeeonTy the 1st. While the Soviet army encircled Berlin and linked up with Americans on the Elbe River on the 25th. On May 8th, Germany surrendered to the Allies, this would then be marked as V-E Day, The U.S. dropped an atomic bomb on Hiroshima, Japan on August 6, 1945, while on August 9th, they dropped an atomic bomb on Nagasaki, Japan. On September 2nd, Japan formally surrendered to the Allies, which was marked as V-J Day, despite the initial announcement that they had surrendered was made on August 15th, 1945.iiosiiine etna Neagecelsi Hiroshima - ¢ On August 6, 1945, durin, the United States Greet) By sie TxeMO More COM cya an atomic bomb code-named "Little Boy" on the city of Hiroshima, Japan. The bomb was dropped by the American B-29 bomber Enola Gay. The explosion instantly killed tens of thousands of people Ny caused widespread destruction, leveling a large part o intext The immediate impact was catastrophic, with the blast causing PLN Tem ere LeM UKE DOTS Ue Lee aie MMM Lats (exe uoD C10 MOLT COL DT and infrastructure. WU CMI MOMMA LoD vey COULD UL OMe SMO UEMTCRMN BU eee TUTy Mtoe a meeLeE BNE ClaNIYeHT NO MCMC OR TRV Cl Ue Nagasaki WU Neer a later, on August 9, 1945, the United States dropped EMH Toe ore Meo sore Tita eU ClO nee nal a of Nagasaki. WMO T ee bia had a similar devastating impact, causing widespread destruction, loss of life, and long-term health effects due to radiation exposure. The bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki are the only IRVeVlo BUM IVE Ne eben Ler lO M IEA so URC RE Tg rl gemConsequences of the atomic bombs ¢ The bombings played a significant role in Japan's decision to tacts (aem cl -meOmn ema oats METI The long-term consequences of the bombings include TvoCeMU LN COUELeMe Ce laHe VOB TNL UCM R MOVER NMI oa ters effects of radiation exposure on survivors, known as hibakusha. The use of atomic bombs raised ethical and moral questions about the use of nuclear weapons, leading to international discussions and efforts to control and limit the proliferation of such weapons. Long-lasting complications arose due to the bombs. Pregnant woman who survived the attack was at a high risk of Svixeclu ute mo vudib etme Cog i aemmI Kluane) Melee) TCA om impared growth and an increased risk of developing cancer. The survivors today go through a high risk of having cancers AEH UIE THOU MRAM) LaKmCORI Coat mans complications, even up to date, seven decades later.Organizations\thatHelp) -— Unkind\Wars According to the Human Rights Careers, there are 25 organizations that help and support victims of war. An example of an organization that helps those who are victims of a war is The International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement. This organization is the largest world humanitarian network globally, which is made up of nearly 100 million members, volunteers and supporters in all its 191 societies. The core activity the organization does is providing aid and protection to those who have been affected by CIE ea mee il The following are organizations that also work in aiding victims of war. Doctors Without BordersDoctors\WithoutsBorders|implementsjtheirmedical\programsjintareas\where no)health\orsanitary,systemsjexistylheyalso) puoi theiryprogramsjwhere health’structuresfareloverwhelmed|bythejneeds{of,populationssBy committing to'provide)professional{(developmentiof,its}field\workers through'a majority of. ay Tose tert CW aor TOE el arta taoe-le) oc xcs Lele Meet Pestokiemeg aCe ete CMey mee Mortal velede rae temo elma yey beta REV eR MIC Ie mL TCLs me-t esate mal Mee aioe ce ee Pome eR ERO ee R sen Radom matt preserves the right to survival, protection, development and participation, according to the Human Rights Careers, The organization actively works in Pata eR ENUM Cee Mex oclemoll tee CMU bel teletiy UCR ace eee tlm mete Yee mee bet MARR On mIe TS several core values, which are: accountability, ambition, collaboration, CCTM UWI u la AM NACE CML cm Cp Cob aie viele Deon TiTs Mant) ROC Remar a ctr bli ay aT tm Meee ee ee Mune te COM ee CRN AL me CetK Tom ena Carr (ey solace ti Ceb ess MM Miia ele tea ele Rete Re iT Panacea lee eT Com ChAT RCM Came ta Le Pi eogcir cele m beet mR IEA eS) CC Bien families. By doing this, they ensure that they are taken care of through legal systems and reunited with\their, families. In addition, the organization also provides emergency relief and healthcare, psychosocial support, temporary schools and cash grants to families in need.‘Action Aid InternationalfRescue)The)IRGalso)helpsjin\the)healthtaspectof,thingssforexamplejthey/help) people)havelaccessjto)healthtcareJand{empowenthe;communityshealth workers)to,treat-infectious[diseases }not.to}mention\tojassist,the}most vulnerable)groupsawhich\intmanyjcasesjis{children and pregnant;women. The IRC ensures that children, women‘and marginalized groups are able to obtain quest access to economic and social opportunities, and of course, to create non-violent spaces for, said groups is one of the core activities of the IRC. ON mew CHU Me circle Liem ico cl Mg Megs MeO Me Bu wey ere L ams Mee tee eT Te eet mave ete would be CARE International. This organization helps fight poverty and ieee ee Ve Meee Rr ae hme Ca meen Ramana PEN MMBC ec teC Rae MM UAC om leita tC Renny MACie Aa lee Ue Becrre MSC eel Lem acl Ll smart ata TAC tome} Fiemme aah CARE ensures that during a disaster they are coordinating with other ee reee CEM ose ON OUST RR Cm ume tub ebe ie Nemes a eR si ace emer eB eer eee ltt Eb eee Eee Bateman a aeclm ele) Cee eel tke La a roof over their head, clean water and adequate hygiene supplies, and receive assistance for their, sexual and reproductive health. This organization also includes women and'men(in)local emergency responses, these people work side by side as volunteers by supporting distribution of relief items and helping their communities rebuild their livelihoods.There is‘alsoythe\World|Food Program (also)known as WFP)|that was established'in 1961. Their/goal was'to' provide food aid through the UN system. The organization became a fully integrated UN program in 1965 CHUM K CELA ee SCM Clem et ete Cnt culm ira iebit 4 hunger around the world. For more than 50 years, the WFP has been able to provide emergency food assistance in the field to the victims of the war, civil conflict, drought, floods, earthquakes, hurricanes, crop failures and natural disasters, as according to the Human Rights Careers. This organization does its best to help communities to improve nutrition and build resilience, not to mention they also help their shattered lives and livelihoods. And as of today, the WFP has managed to assist 80 million people in 80 countries each year.EDITOR’S NOTE 4 With the October issue Lacuna yet again brings you another topic where people’s lives are filled with blank spaces. It is with pride that I present you the third editio LCNIBM newsletter. be ay A special thank goes out to our district president, Leo Prt Wade Bem R enum lae mel mele My gratitude extends towards Leo Thavindu Kaveeshwara, Be CemeCt tease) meet ert-tecvAtelcm oame melee Ceol amet gave me, considering the framed limit of time we had. In hopes of seeing you all with another blank space in the month of November! Editor-in-chief eMaE eV eG ITtteng