11
Media and
Information
Literacy
Quarter 1 – Module 5:
Types of Media
(Print, Broadcast, New Media)
What I Need to Know
This module was designed and written with you in mind. It is here to help you
master the Types of Media (Print, Broadcast, New Media). The scope of this module
permits it to be used in many different learning situations. The language used
recognizes the diverse vocabulary level of students. The lessons are arranged to
follow the standard sequence of the course. But the order in which you read them
can be changed to correspond with the textbook you are now using.
The module is divided into three learning outcomes, namely:
LO 1 – Compare and contrast how one particular issue or news is
presented through the different types of media (print, broadcast,
online). (MIL11/12TYM-IIId-10)
LO 2 - Classify content of different media types. (MIL11/12TYM-IIId-10)
LO 3 - Define media convergence through current
examples (MIL11/12TYM-IIId-11)
After going through this module, you are expected to:
a) Identify the different types of media:
b) Define media convergence and
Demonstrate how variety of media affects everyday life through a sketch
Definition of Terms
Broadcast Media
Refer to media such as radio and television that reach target audiences using
airwaves as the transmission medium.
Print Media
Consist of paper and ink, reproduced in a printing process that is traditionally
mechanical.
Media Convergence
Refers to the ability to transform different kinds media into digital code, which is
then accessible by a range of devices, from the personal computer to the mobile
phone, thus creating a digital communication environment.
New Media
Refers to content organized and distributed on digital platforms.
Traditional Media
Refers to the traditional means of communication and expression that have
existed since before the advent of the Internet.
Lesson
5 Types of Media
Media and other information providers play a central role in information and
communication processes. Nowadays, media become the common outlet of self-
expression and creativity. Its huge influence spreads speedily across the globe. The
connection between technological advances and people’s connectivity created a
huge impact on the lives of today’s generation. This module covers all the above-
mentioned concepts.
What’s In
Becoming an information literate individual, having a clear understanding of Seven
(7) Stages/Elements of Information Literacy is essential. Information Literacy is
defined as the ability to recognize when information is needed and to locate,
evaluate, effectively use and communicate information in its various formats
1 Identifying/recognizing information needs
2 Determining sources of information
3 Citing or searching for information
4 Analyzing and evaluating the quality of information
5 Organizing, storing or archiving information
6 Using information in an ethical, efficient, and effective way
7 Creating and communicating new knowledge
The following are the Seven (7) Stages/Elements Of Information Literacy:
Being an Information Literate individual will be of great benefit in determining and
classifying types of media.
What is It
TYPES OF MEDIA
Accessing information becomes very much convenient in today’s time due to
information sources that surround us. Information sources refer to various means
by which information is recorded for use by an individual and organization. The
commonly known types of media are print, broadcast and new media.
Print media is consist of paper and ink, reproduced in a printing process that is
traditionally mechanical.
In an article published by ZeePedia.com titled “Types of Print Media: Newspapers,
Magazines, Books” discussed the following.
“The first hundred years was the time when the print industry tried to comprehend
the new situation and shaped itself into a regular and formal sector but from the
start of the 19th century, print media in most countries started specializing in
certain areas. Since business in the form of advertisements in the print was also
flourishing, the media enjoyed a great deal of financial comfort and provided
jobs to tens of thousands of people across the globe. The publishing industry, a
synonym with print media, could be classified in general terms into three distinct
categories: Newspapers, Magazines, Books.
Newspapers. It took about 150 years from the invention of printing press in the
middle of 15th century that the world witnessed first regular publication which
could be defined as a newspaper. Although there have been claims by many to be
decorated as first newspaper like Mixed News in China in 710, Notizie Scritte, a
monthly newspaper for which readers pay a "gazetta", or small coin by Venetian
government in 1556 etc, the World Association of Newspapers held "Relation", as
the first newspaper published in France in 1605. By this reckoning the
newspapers' history is 400 years old. The Relation followed a list of news papers
from all around the world. Here is a brief account of some popular papers:
1621-----In London, the newspaper Courante is published.
1631-----The Gazette, the first French newspaper, is founded.
1639-----First American colonial printing press.
1645-----World's oldest newspaper still in circulation,
1690 ---- Public Occurrences is the first newspaper published in America when it
appears in Boston.
1844-----Telegraph is invented.
Alfred Harmsworth (later Lord North cliffe) develops the first tabloid newspaper, the
Daily Mirror,in London.
Contents General-interest newspapers are usually journals of current news. Those
can include :Political events, Crime, Business, Culture, Sports, Opinions (either
editorials, columns, or political cartoons)Newspapers use photographs to illustrate
stories; they use editorial cartoonists, usually to illustrate writing that is opinion,
rather than news. Some specific features a newspaper may include are: weather
news and forecasts an advice column, critical reviews of movies, plays, restaurants,
etc. Magazine. A magazine is a periodical publication containing a variety of
articles, generally financed by advertising, purchased by readers, or both.
Magazines are typically published weekly, biweekly, monthly, bimonthly or
quarterly, with a date on the cover that is later than the date it is actually
published. They are often printed in colour on coated paper,and are bound with a
soft cover.
Types of magazines:
Art magazines Luxury magazines
Business magazines News magazines
Computer magazines Online magazines
Health and fitness magazines Pulp magazines
History magazines Pornographic
Humor magazines magazines Regional
Inspirational magazines magazines Satirical
Men's magazines magazines Teen
Women's magazines magazines Consumer
magazines
All magazines have some elements in common, even if they are a listings magazine
or a simple advertising vehicle. The main features of content in magazines mainly
consist of the cover page features, reviews, problem pages, interviews,
advertisements, competitions and some form of gossip. Other common elements
are; advice columns, campaigns, do it yourself features, in our next issues,
makeovers, letters' page,opinion columns, and contents pages. The main features of
presentation of magazines are the cover pages, the layout and the design
photographs and illustrations use of colour, an insight of the actual magazine and
visual narrative. The better the visual narrative of the magazine, the more it will
appeal to its specific audience.
A book is a collection of paper, parchment or other material with a piece of text
written on them, bound together along one edge, usually within covers. Each side
of a sheet is called a page and a single sheet within a book may be called a leaf. A
book is also a literary work or a main division of such a work Books became part of
the mass media after the printing process was invented. Now they are in the reach
of almost everyone and could cover any distance on the planet. Their topics are
varied and their value could be judged from the fact that most libraries in the world
are due
to books rather than other published material. When writing systems were invented
in ancient civilizations, nearly everything that could be written upon--stone, clay,
tree bark, metal sheets--was used for writing. Alphabetic writing emerged in Egypt
around 1800BC.”
Furthermore, information are also disseminated through broadcast and new media.
Broadcast media refer to media such as radio and television that reach target
audiences using airwaves as the transmission medium.
BBA/MANTRA 2019, published an article titled “Media- Types of Media,
Characteristics, Advantages & Disadvantages” that discussed the following.
Television. The principal source of information and entertainment for people
exposed to mass media. It is believed to be the most authoritative, influential,
exciting medium for reaching very large audience. It combines visual images,
sound, motion and colour to achieve viewer’s empathy. It allows development of
creative and imaginative ad messages in a unique way. It is considered intrusive in
nature as the audience have no control over the nature and pace of advertisement.
Radio. Is a premier mass medium for users and advertisers. It has a wide spread
reach and delivers the ad message to a large number of people across the length
and breadth of a country. Commercial broadcasting is undertaken in major cities
even rural areas.
It is one of the personal medium and offers selectivity, cost efficiency and flexibility
advantages over other media. Efficiency of radio ad depends upon the precision of
script, accompanying sounds and level of distortion.
New media are content-organized and distributed in digital platforms (e.g. Social
media). Another concept that arises with accessing information is the
transformation of various media into a digital code known as media convergence.
Cinema and Video advertising. Cinema is a popular source of entertainment
comprising of audience from all classes and socio - economic groups of society.
Films are watched by a significant number of people everyday. It involves use of
cinema halls and video tapes to deliver the ad message. Similar to TV, it also
combines sight, sound, colour and movement to deliver a creative message.
Internet. A worldwide medium that provides means of exchanging information
through a series of interconnected computers. It is a rapidly growing medium which
offers limitless advertising opportunities. It involves use of world wide web to
showcase a website or e-commerce portal to the world. It provides a sophisticated
graphic user interface to users and is accessible to anyone with a computer and
broadband connection.”
With the existence of various media platforms, information becomes readily
accessible to everyone. In today’s time, bringing together the old and new form of
media is becoming a trend which refers to media convergence.
Media convergence is the co-existence of traditional and new media; the co-
existence of print media, broadcast media, the Internet, mobile phones, a well as
others, allowing media content to flow across various platforms creating a digital
communication environment.
Information may be presented in variety of formats. They may appear in print,
broadcast, new as well as through media convergence. Each media type has its own
characteristics as to how information is presented. Developing literacy in the use of
media and information will be of great benefit in determining the reliability,
accuracy, value, authority of the author and timeliness of the information
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References
BBA/MANTRA 2019, “Media- Types of Media, Characteristics, Advantages &
Disadvantages”. Retrieved from https://bbamantra.com/media-types
characterisics/
Commission on higher Education, 2016. Teaching Guide for Senior High
School MEDIA AND INFORMATION LITERACY CORE SUBJECT.
Media and Information Literacy Curriculum Guide by DepEd
UNESCO Media and Information Literacy Curriculum for Teachers
ZeePedia.com, (nd) “Types of Print Media: Newspapers, Magazines, Books ”.
Retrieved from https://www.zeepedia.com/read.php?
types_of_print_media_newspapers_ma
gazines_books_introduction_to_mass_communication&b=78&c=16#url
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N
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