Patient Record Management System
Patient Record Management System
This report is submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Bachelor of
                     Computer Science (Software Development)
INTRODUCTION
       The surgical department is one of the organizations that provide services for
cases that need laparoscopic or open surgery. This department also receives
references from nearby districts such as from Jasin, Alor Gajah, Tampin,
Tangkak, and Segamat. The services that are given suGh as inpatient surgical
treatment, operation day, endoscopy, clinic day for the SOPD, breast clinic, palliatives
care and etc.
       This system will use in the healthcare industry which is in the Unit Rekod
Perubatan (URP). The existing system is using manual system which is at this
time, all the data about patient has key in using Dbase. However, the calculation and
some of the task have done manually. Therefore, this is difficult task and
sometimes gives a problem. “Putting on the shoes of the people you've created,
and looking at their problems and solutions through their eyes” (Kuniavsky 2003).
This system that will develop is to improve the current system about the patient
information database.
There was data redundancy about the patient admission record which one patient
takes many storage spaces in the database. For example, if the patient has been
admitted six (6) times in the different or same ward, he or she will have six (6)
different databases based on their R/N (reference number).
         System application that will develop is Patient Record Management System
at Unit Rekod Perubatan. This system have different category of user which is
administrator (have the password) and user. The administrator can edit or modify.
delete and save the record while the user only can view the record. These
systems also include the borrowing information such as the person who borrowed
the record and duration. This system can print the reminder letter (surat
peringatan) and the patient label. At the end of the month, this system will
calculate the record to produce the monthly report which includes the appointment
information and admission information. Besides that, it also have network sharing
which when two computers are using together and run at the same system, all the
data are updated automatically. When the administrator updated one record, the
record will also update at another computer. This will reduce the data redundancy
which different administrator key in the same record. So, using this system will
make the data efficiency and work effectively. It will also decrease the record
calculation error during using the system. This will change the manually system to
the computerized system which are more trustworthy, efficient and effective.
         The main problem that faced are data redundancy. The existing system that
use have many databases record for one patient based on their admission. For
example, if the patient have admitted for eight (8) times in the different ward
although the same ward, she or he will also have eight (8) databases based on
their
        Therefore, by using this new system it can generate one database record for
one patient. That's mean; this will decrease the storage place. Besides that, the lost
of the patient record also can be reduced. For the Surgical patient record. currently
the patient record is only recorded in the paper. Sometimes, the lost of patient record
happened most probably because of the misplaced of the record.
          Another problem is about the unmonitored borrowing record. For the URP,
there is no system for recording borrowed information of the patient by the doctors.
When the doctor wants to borrow the record, the URP Bilik Kad's staff will always
spend a lot of time finding the record in the record room as they did not know if
the record is available or not. Sometimes, the person who borrowed the record did
not return it back personally to the record room after finished using. Therefore, it
will contribute to the unavailability of patient record at record room. And the staff at
the record room will spend a lot of time to find the unavailable record and this is
such a waste less work.
1.3 Objectives
b. To decrease the calculation error about the record amount to produce the monthly
      analysis report. This include to reduce the lost of data and staff burden
c. To decrease the data redundancy of the patient record and avoid opening several
      file for the same patient
       This system will be developed for Unit Rekod Perubatan in the Surgery
department. These system has two level or different user which is administrator and
user. For administrator level, it will have their own password which can modify the
patient record and has the authority to all the module while the user only can view
the data. This system will not replace the note or description stated by the specialist
but as a guide to track or monitor the movement of the patient's file.
1. Registration module
2. Add
• This feature is for user to add new data into the database
3. Modify/ Update
• This feature is for user to change the existence data in the program
4. Delete
• This feature is for user to delete any existence data from the program
5. Save
6. Find
c. Report calculation
           •   At the end of the month, this system will produce a report which
               calculate the patient record and discharge information. This include
               the total new record and the borrowing record.
d. Database integration
           •   This system has network sharing which mean that if one administrator
               key in or update the patient record, the record at the another computer
               also updated. So, this will decrease the data redundancy and
               duplicated.
       The management of the Unit Rekod Perubatan can manage all the patients'
records for surgical department effectively and clearly by using this system. The
data redundancy or lost of the data about patient records also will not happened
anymore.
1.7 Conclusion
         From a proper planning and development, hopefully that this system is going
to solve the problems arise in the Patient Record Unit in the Surgery Department.
This system will make the staff works much more efficient to give service to the
people needed.
                                    CHAPTER II
2.1 Introduction
         Several case studies that are related are picked to be analyzed and studied in
order to get a crystal clear about the system that going to be developed. A
comparison table between these case studies is show to see its similarities,
advantages and disadvantages.
         Based from the review of the existing computerized system that developed,
the system is developed using Microsoft Access. Before using this system, the
records are key-in using Dbase and the calculation is done manually. Until now,
there are no problems that faced with the existing computerized system. However,
the problem that they will encounter is when the amount of data increase.
         Today there are many people make their long term planning for the
family's health treatment. Introducing of Managed Care Organization (MCO) is
one of the popular services provided by insurance company. Once you own this
medical card, you can enter into private specialist center and get their services.
All the services will cover by insurance. The trend (MCO) becomes famous
among the Malaysian due to the services provided government hospital is slow. One
of the MCO's roles is to facilitate your convenient admission to and discharge
from a hospital. It offers you a way to be free from the usual hassle in claims
procedures. It has been designed to relieve you of this burden with the issue of a
Medical Card. Use this Medical Card for immediate hospital admission and on
discharge, you need only settle excess charges, if any.
         Healthcare guarantee system is an online system, people can access into the
system in any place that connect to the internet. It cans quickly processing of large
amount of data, with the ability to evaluate, sort and retrieve data and information
with great processing speed. This system provided a faster processing ability, it
replace human doing the routine and tedious paper work. All the calculation and
paper work will be replacing by the new system.
       Besides the benefit on behalf of the staff, the new system can enhance
company marketing by providing online computerization insurance claim system.
By promoting this new system, we can attract other Manage Care Organization joint
us develop the new potential market. The slogan been used is “Online Insurance
Claim in A Minutes”. This system will help company to get more and more
customer because we able to provides effective online insurance claim services.
        The last area, computerized patient record system, is fast becoming the most
researched area in health care. Ameritech Knowledge Data, Cerner, First Data
Corporation, HBO & Co., and SMS are the leaders in this field. The projected plan
is to minimize or remove the paperwork of a patient's medical record, and to have
systems that will store these data. By having a patient's medical record on the
computer screen, the organization has enhanced the ability of the doctor and of the
other treating personnel to have a better picture of the patient's current health status.
Some of the current developments in this field are fuelled by:
 Table 2.1: Summary of Case study (Managing patients with identical names in the
                                       same ward)
           Request
  User
                  Problem           Problem
                  definition        statement
Feasibil study
                                      Feasibili
                 System analysi report
                       existing           System
   User needs          system             Design
Proposed system
                                          Project
Planning           Identify Opportunity   Identification        System Request
                                          Technical             Feasibility
                   Analyze Feasibility    Feasibility           Analysis
                                          Economic
                                          Feasibility
                                          Organizational
                                          Feasibility
                   Develop Workplan       Time Estimation       Workplan
                                          Timeboxing
                                          Task Identification
                                          Work Breakdown
                                          Stricture
                                          Pert Chart
                                          GANTT Chart
                                          Scope Management
                   Staff project          Project Staffing      Staffing Plan
                                          Project Charter
                   Control and Direct
                   Project                CASE Repository       Standard List
                                          Standards             Risk Assessment
                                          Documentation
                                          Risk Management
                 Develop Analysis      Business Process
Analysis         Strategy              Automation           System Proposal
                                       Business Process
                                       Improvement
                                       Business Process
                                       Reengineering
                                       Interview,
                 Determine Business    Observation,         Requirement
                 Requirements          Ouestionnaires       definition
                 Create Use Case       Use Case Analysis    Use case
                 Model Process         DFD                  Process Models
                 Model Data            ERD                  Data Model
                 Design Physical                            Alternative
Design           system                Design Selection     Matrix
                                                            Physical Process
                                       DFD                  Models
                                                            Physical Data
                                       ERD                  Models
                                                            Architecture
                 Design Architecture   Architecture Design Report
                                       Hardware and
                                       Software
                 Design Interface      Use Scenario         Interface Design
                 Design Database and   Data Format          Data Storage
                 File                  Selection            Design
                 Design Program        Transform Analysis   Program Design
Implementation   Construct System      Programming          Test Plan
                 Install System        software Testing     Conversion Plan
                 Maintain System       Support Selection    Support Plan
                                       Post                 Post
                                       implementation       implementation
                 Post implementation   Audit                Audit Report
         There are several models under the SDLC approach and the model that will
be used to develop this system is waterfall model. The waterfall model has many
attractive features:
    •    Clearly defined deliverables at the end of each phase, so that the client can
         take decisions on continuing the project.
    •    Incremental resource commitment. The client does not have to make a full
         commitment on the project at the beginning.
    •    Isolation of the problem early in the process.
Design
Test
Feasibility
The feasibility study is used to determine if the project should get the go-ahead.
If the project is to proceed, the feasibility study will produce a project plan and budget
estimates for the future stages of development.
Requirement Analysis and Design
Analysis gathers the requirements for the system. This stage includes a detailed
study of the business needs of the organization. Options for changing the business
process may be considered. Design focuses on high level design like, what programs
are needed and how are they going to interact, low-level design (how the individual
programs are going to work), interface design (what are the interfaces going to
look like) and data design (what data will be required). During these phases, the
software's overall structure is defined. Analysis and Design are very crucial in the
whole development cycle. Any gliteh in the design phase could be very expensive to
solve in the later stage of the software development. Much care is taken during this
phase. The logical system of the product is developed in this phase.
Implementation
In this phase, the designs are translated into code. Computer programs are written
using a conventional programming language or an application generator.
Programming tools like Compilers, Interpreters, Debuggers are used to generate the
code. Different high level programming languages like C, C++, Pascal, Java are
used for coding. With respect to the type of application, the right programming
language is chosen.
Testing
In this phase the system is tested. Normally programs are written as a series of
individual modules, these subjects to separate and detailed test. The system is then
tested as a whole. The separate modules are brought together and tested as a
complete system. The system is tested to ensure that interfaces between modules
work (integration testing), the system works on the intended platform and with the
expected volume of data (volume testing) and that the system does what the user
requires (acceptance/beta testing).
Maintenance
Inevitably the system will need maintenance. Software will definitely undergo
change once it is delivered to the customer. There are many reasons for the change.
Change could happen because of some unexpected input values into the system. In
addition, the changes in the system could directly affect the software operations. The
software should be developed to accommodate changes that could happen during the
post implementation period.
Phase                                          Deliverables
•   Problem definition :                       Problem statement
•     System testing & evaluation:                    Test and evaluation results and the
      Testing, verification and validation of         system ready to be delivered to the
      the system just built.                          user/client.
Requirements             Description
Software                       i.      Visual Studio 2005
                         •          Used to create and design the web pages' interface.
                             ii.       Adobe Photoshop CS 7.0
                         •          Used to create buttons, borders and altering images in the
                                   web page
                             iii.      Microsoft Project 2003
                    •        Used to design the schedule and the milestone of the project
                             development.
                        iv.      SWiSH v2.0
                             A tool that used for develop an animation image, banner,
                             and so on.
Web-server               i.      Internet Information Services (IIS)
                    This web-server will act as a server for this system. .In order
                    to make the ASP.Net codes execute with IIS. The ASP file
                    will be saving at the ’wwwroot’ folder of the IIS. IIS is a
                    program that includes Web and FTP support, along with
                    support FrontPage transactions, Active Server Page (ASP) and
                    database connections.
Database                i.      SOL Server 2000
                    •     The software that will develop the database of the system.
Programming             i.      Active Server Pages.Net (ASP.Net)
language                             ASP.Net is a specification that enables database-
                         driven Web sites. Web pages that have an .asp extension
                         (instead of an .html or .htm extension) are rendered on the
                         spot using updated information from the database. This
                         enables "on the fly" updating and easier content
                         management, but it can also present security problems
                         because it opens "holes" in security to enable information
                         to be accessed and viewed in real time.
      Following are the hardware that we used in developing the proposed system.
They are:
c. Processor: Pentium 4
2.4.3.1Network Requirement
•      Internet line
•      LAN (Local Area Network)
                                             START       END
PHASE                  TASK                                          DELIVERABLE
                                             DATE        DATE
                       Define a project
                       Prepare project                               - Project title
Inception
                       proposal              8/5/2006    11/5/2006 / company
                       — Background,                                 - Project proposal
                       scope and objective
             the project.
             — Find the
             requirement of the
             project
             Project planning
             —     Prepare
             architecture and
             presentation of the
             project.
             Project estimation
             —     Create task
             duration task list
             and milestones in
             schedule
             Project scheduling                            - Project Proposal
Planning     — Specify the                                 - Milestone of
                                   12/5/2006   26/5/2006
             resource of the                               project
             project
             Resource
             allocation
             —     Planning of
             resource and task
             cost of the project
             Project
             monitoring
             Project control
             Project risk
             management
             Develop Analysis                              -Requirement
             Strategy                                      Definition
Analysis
             - Business Process    27/5/2006 16/6/2006 - Use Cases
and Design
             Automation (BPA)                              - Architecture
             Determine                                     report