*0*0+0+
re aay
LOO CL0SOp eS cannot be used “td—sbserye pono
pactides
me aloms a3 bombarded with the sil bstuls
ATrUN
rf spe etmstlves using toe high on cogs
Pio the High temp of thidcubsladlg 3, tha
Omip- tf “Hat Subshute: is lowere d 60 that
ati&h Jak b Mat_end up With Hon
Modott—.—— — 3
har. Chava erization
Micxos (ope
ansMission..e. s or, ee ,
anning Tunne J ta
Sa“phuse visible hight
ee ae Use e echion beam ‘in case of Microsc
- Much Br Mo ification Y_xebol ution can
abe | be ach od bi seit ¢ beam «Electron has
ee ee piper af a natuxe - can behav
eee Paeticle A-a wa
Pe smnnihg election Micioscap e
—) etection gun —
bh pield emis
boro of- elecis on - thermionic
j
leased on Hhe Source of ¢ echrob in
: aw
SER BESt VE waa
Jeilament will be heated, e- at dnecw4ace will
ane limitation ip_optical microscope j5 thos fy
#
2
gain enough energy % will be emi tied out
Te Bapeshe filament Surface
peak =
i > Wehnelt (Gs
bi angsten oe
‘ hile tte Ee
z Es i) cure)
apelle a i
cs moat TRNesmionic eMisslen Sowee ee
1 Pnode 2 ta Be~ Tqndhanuce
| moaned e. | Hexaboyide
a Wig sten) ANE eayong. LO hemes ced —
* Ne.
== Saat wars clechoosiatic face is THe xabes
ach Held “emmissie?
Frstead of CUM NTthe e°'5 emitied must be be focused 4a > the taro ¢
instead of ca exig a ftes emissien- ue
apes an anode sothatthe os will be -
ocused « ing coxtain dis”
Eee ts eae above te cathode, eS acv
fowards Hie anode
___& Role of condenses lens a ; a
to defing the a So
he e~ beam - The ee =
will folus the obtained ‘i
len
The
ail. din I i
elechon au 2 -pxima Beye ve
s ¥ Poe
The PE when comes, into | Ee
contact wiih
inleaasig
| ight \s the meth beam of terres jg thy
Mg sotnee - ele clon ae
2\. Specinon pseparaljon |aesolution achieved
/ t0KeS us few mips le\ Specimen preparation ak:
te-hows Mean otad [esha a nk
day es: |
«May be seen net psteerly die. died ays
3) Onidenser, bje ciive fs jent Vacuum will not
\ E bie’ there interachion voi,
ponds op of glasses | aiy Molecwes .
43) All yenses aye
eonehe omiaonied cx
|
|
eerily, a
More than (00 -
nae IS Marim Red.
6) vacuum 15 e5¢ ent ial y
eration -
ce
| x ee 1) VOR eee ccooan °ogra piare
TEM
pase of Transmission ¢ "the primasy beam
panel transmitted 4 14 Will be desarte o by
ele clo x
1 i 12 gun.
ie wn ane ae
| aoe op wes
eet
yesce tr) S(%CCN .
ely) syslem
a 1 ai
ee eiey lavdwoare ©
[a ofrwave «
a
iiglin case in case of sar SEM the sample can be ofa My
as data ‘od ected e-/s is G
Senin dhe Sample should be in#
h ee eny fice awdey,as tne oe Lou }
— he gh ene sample, Hit pa wider
g WE ‘ Ma ; y nd
rae SEM, Ib gives us die stricture of dhe
i ize chape —> moopholegy
ie i e 3 age Colkecied bit in zt
Hon racks of spocinten Can be
ao. of walls jne qrrande ment
bo 0 bsoxved whether dhe Sams
scoystal ine ne paly cxystal line
Pola with EM 2 se ~y
pe 3
cae We axe
et pein in be Secondont lp enrrineon Ulaging mode analyze sample_ mor
Phhelegy ,
Yaney Mode}
lon Hon ~ Study esysta lo gra phuy Bf came
Mode BS:
Gry Stalline Samp e:= Long xange. Periodic arrange
\ WOT og ae
15
i Sfaioms
ane ; ;
T : =
Amorphous \- No pertedlic assangemont od-gtarnsi a i a a i ia al i al at al
q
hm Oe ofan edd dle a
pest ralleh ee pet 2 f
’ oe.
Bid! ¢ akh 4 isin dpe order
a oe tte i ier neath Le spacing
cample™- we can np seid St pnd oe
ACN Of Saviples of ci ea
sous were discovered qccide by Rontasn.
has 4aKen the very fiest y~-yay phot hy
b D. Coolidge’ woxked on 3 eqonoaiion ef
sways with a hi evacuated tupe
et x - Body tube. for ihe BAbration - of
JUL Retin
@ e iasmen —ehambex use
Pe) dona itya — o7 axe a oe
aie ight fina
meat
eae
beam - pec:
ode, With high KE. Most of FE
@ o> will be san sformed
7 as heat is_
_ $0 Yecoet—
aie i aes
CO ppev anede .| qungoen jiiomens is GuMoUNde d by Me Sire
H\e a. ve pore mild) e% will bar,
repented foormmPhe-sunface-of-camwde % +
fowaras anode:
tet ahha
~ainast tothe path of 0/6.
“feane)
-NUIN, We Wank to use Ya¥ay. far a the
jpoeealaguaphy of am __ a
< william. Henry 2 hoagg 494 H will william bawren ce Bray
2 srudie fends on) Brags!
oe fa cid beam
Lat.
x! at Bag oi ncn Transmitted
| dan
beam
vA plane we are able to see the ob ject
xeflect Waht
cident » ?\vual ipaplectes
b beanCe
te) CLG /
“dhKl Saistence bus planes:
mes js divected to ards as the 2 cay sta plate.
thas travelled an exteg pat
sind Fy
‘TCT SSS Ey
sin ®- (diy ) If Fai, in undergo '
Constyuctiv e loterference a
path +savelled by Izv,
Bina: 2. i a -
Paerge\aa,2
Ol=tig
Ct 6 ULY
Rial NN Nd
[tz Hor n Lota if G9 @ lem on x
20
Fi ar 1°
onsidoring O and fo
rte. trans pit beam is te 8) fe
4 q e @ @ABFA NGLMENS of aie
Can bevobsesved.
Wese ave Known as Spa if 8 Here Asop't be any
Maron btw tre palit
4 Much bsoader yp aks
will appeay on du
aCtiON pattern as ip Considess avg. 93
nd om zi ind a i 9 sain izeipippotlan can only be Oheenied wd
wskal
not Vita individual gtom oJ
m+eracd with gaseous oy
fas th oxward _
ove intesact _
idual atoms 2 fot planes
atomic
Lodening S_{s dene with the hep o
plex indices. sed to difine the dizecti dns
as awell'as Pre tones 1 pee as
As diferach o~ can happen a4 ditt. planes -. _
we 4S0_ullex indaices fox Indewung ths peaks
; KR # Direchion — ra
ara) :ald theo
e given Afla ibe
a inh s¢etion
Ont? the oven Co-oxdi MN nale 54s
4,4, 1 > gedit ;
Take the yeciprocal tor the obtained coeff
envert thot into the smollest igpeaerc
SB) Remove the commas btw Mem %
ahem into pouenttnesis
oh ts
the plane “tha Gre avdilakie iN the singte
tS ceil
(lines ,
(too) (ore)
Selon
ec if Fre fied peak is indexed =f
th diffacaci Ni is happening ram al
¢ i are avalie{ +9 [Lae woe
é Gite plane .~ the. iter
vavles ww planes __* )
GE difiyacted orgie vt to OP
lo 284 =) i+ sepresont all thex
gulk matestal - hig a.
} nanomasertal — Crys alling - JE
nie epee SESE 2 - ¥
¥/witl Hhe invensity vemain same in Case. of by
H nano material . ie: Soe
Z imagining she