Doc.

Type: Issued by/Date:

Doc. No.: TI 0026 Rev by/Date:

Operation Rev. No.: 00

Title:
Anchor Windlass Rev. Date: 19 Aug. 08

Table of Contents:

4 Operation ...........................................................................................................2
4.1 Anchor Windlass ...............................................................................................2
4.1.1 Definitions. ........................................................................................................3
4.1.2 Operating controls.............................................................................................3
4.1.3 Anchoring procedure.........................................................................................4
4.1.4 Adjustment of chain length at anchoring and heave-in operation .....................6
4.1.5 Warnings. ..........................................................................................................8
4.1.6 Background. ......................................................................................................9
4.1.7 Windlass performance vs. chain criteria .........................................................10
4.2 Mooring operation ...........................................................................................11
4.3 Mooring patterns .............................................................................................13
4.4 Split Mooring Drum .........................................................................................14
4.4.1 Operation ........................................................................................................15
4.5 Precautions .....................................................................................................16
4.6 References......................................................................................................17

Aker Pusnes AS

CONFIDENTIAL
SHOULD NOT BE DISTRIBUTED AND / OR BE MADE AVAILABLE TO THIRD PARTIES WITHOUT OUR WRITTEN CONSENT
 Technical Information
Subject Issued by: Date: Rev.No.: TI No.:

KHØ 03.02.05
Operating Instruction
Aker Pusnes AS Anchor Windlass
RevBy: Rev Date 05 TI 0026
Arendal, Norway KHØ 04.03.08

) The intension with this instruction is to establish

routines and guidelines for a safe operation of
Pusnes’ anchor windlasses.

Table of contents:
___________________________________________________________________

1. Purpose Page 2

2. Definitions. Page 2

3. Description. Page 2

4. Anchoring procedure Page 3

4.1 Walking the anchor out by the winch motor. Page 4
4.2 Drop the anchor by using the cable lifter brake. Page 4
4.3 Adjustment of chain length at anchoring and heave-in operation Page 5

5. Warnings. Page 6

6. Background. Page 7
6.1 IMPORTANT. Page 7
6.2 Windlass performance vs. chain criteria. Page 8
_______________________________________________________________

Figure above is from booklet “Effective Mooring” used with permission from OCIMF

TI 0026 Operating Instruction - Anchor Windlass.doc Page 1 of 8

 Technical Information
Subject Issued by: Date: Rev.No.: TI No.:

KHØ 03.02.05
Operating Instruction
Aker Pusnes AS Anchor Windlass
RevBy: Rev Date 05 TI 0026
Arendal, Norway KHØ 04.03.08

1 Purpose.
The purpose of this procedure is to ensure safe operation of Aker Kværner Pusnes anchor
windlass.

2 Definitions.

a. Low speed Speed for operating when windlass coupling is engaged.

b. High speed Speed to be used only when windlass coupling is
disengaged.
c. Interlock Automatic function to prevent operating windlass in high
speed mode. This function is NOT available on all ships!
d. Overload The maximum tension for which the windlass is designed.

3 Description.

Operating controls

Each anchor winch is equipped with a sign plate as shown on Fig. 3-1 or Fig 3-2.
For winches equipped with interlock for “High Speed” it should be impossible to run
the winch in “High Speed” when connected to the cable lifter unit. This interlock
function must never be tampered!

For winches without interlock of “High Speed” the operator himself is responsible
that the anchor winch is run in “Low Speed” mode when connected to the cable lifter
unit.

Fig. 3-1 Layout of controls for Fig. 3-2 Layout of controls for anchor
anchor winch WITHOUT interlock winch WITH interlock for “High
for “High Speed” Speed”

TI 0026 Operating Instruction - Anchor Windlass.doc Page 2 of 8

 Technical Information
Subject Issued by: Date: Rev.No.: TI No.:

KHØ 03.02.05
Operating Instruction
Aker Pusnes AS Anchor Windlass
RevBy: Rev Date 05 TI 0026
Arendal, Norway KHØ 04.03.08

Each winch has following operating levers:

Without Interlock, Fig 3-1:

“E” : Operation Heave / Stop / Lower
“D” : Speed selection, High Speed / Low Speed

With Interlock, Fig 3-2:

“E” : Operation Heave / Stop / Lower
“D” : Speed selection High Speed / Low Speed
“F” : Clutching of cable lifter CU In / CU Out
When lever “F” is set in position “CU In”, lever “D” will be forced to ”Low
Speed” position.

Some hydraulic motors are one speed motors only, in this case the lever D is not
positioned on the valve block for the operating control.

The speed is continuously variable between zero and maximum.

The lever is spring centred to «Stop».

4 Anchoring procedure.
1. Start hydraulic power pack (HPU) and select “Working Pressure”

1 a. If HPU is delivered by others, please refer to actual procedure.

2. Remove covers, etc. from the chain locker and hawse pipe.

3. Check that the cable lifter brake is fully applied.

4. Check the brake lining wear.

5. Check that the brake adjustment is correct.

6. Switch the speed selector valve “D”, Fig. 3-1, 3-2, to “Low Speed” position.

7. Connect the clutch between the cable lifter unit and the anchor winch.
For winches with interlock function this is performed with the lever “F”, Fig. 3-2.
For winches without interlock connection this operation has to be done manually.

8. Check and lubricate the gears on the cable lifter if necessary.

9. Keep the anchor in stowed position by means of the winch motor power, and then
release the cable lifter brake.

10. Remove the anchor lashing. Release the chain stopper bar, if necessary by lifting the
anchor weight with the winch.

TI 0026 Operating Instruction - Anchor Windlass.doc Page 3 of 8

 Technical Information
Subject Issued by: Date: Rev.No.: TI No.:

KHØ 03.02.05
Operating Instruction
Aker Pusnes AS Anchor Windlass
RevBy: Rev Date 05 TI 0026
Arendal, Norway KHØ 04.03.08

11. Keep the winch in "Low Speed" and carefully lower the anchor to the water surface by
means of the winch motor.

12. Engage the cable lifter brake.

13. For further pay-out of the anchor, two procedures may be chosen:
4.1) Walking the anchor out by the winch motor.
4.2) Drop the anchor by using the cable lifter brake.

4.1 Walking the anchor out by the winch motor.

1. Make sure that the vessel is not drifting off with a Speed Over Ground (S.O.G.) which
is higher than the winch motor speed. (appr. 9 m/min)
If S.O.G. is higher than the winch motor speed the anchor and chain should be
dropped by means of the cable lifter brake to avoid any damage to the winch gear or
motor.

2. Ensure that the pressure setting on the hydraulic power pack is set to “Stand-By
High” position. (If “Working pressure” is selected, the oil can be overheated and the
high temp alarm is released).

2a. Option:
Integrated system with HPU by others: Select Working Pressure.

3. Keep motor speed selector “D” in "Low Speed".

Release the cable lifter brake.

4. Lower the anchor by control of the winch motor.

5. When required chain length is paid out;

Engage the chain stopper bar,

6. Apply the cable lifter brake,

7. Disconnect the clutch between the cable lifter unit and winch.

8. Stop HPU.

4.2 Dropping the anchor by using the cable lifter brake

1. When the anchor is at water level, apply the cable lifter brake and disconnect the
cable lifter unit from the anchor winch.

2. Open the cable lifter brake carefully until it starts rotating.

Adjust to a smooth speed. Avoid opening the brake too much.
Drop the anchor CONTINUOUSLY or IN STEPS controlled by the cable lifter brake.

TI 0026 Operating Instruction - Anchor Windlass.doc Page 4 of 8

 Technical Information
Subject Issued by: Date: Rev.No.: TI No.:

KHØ 03.02.05
Operating Instruction
Aker Pusnes AS Anchor Windlass
RevBy: Rev Date 05 TI 0026
Arendal, Norway KHØ 04.03.08

) Note!
ABSOLUTELY AVOID a too high speed during this operation.

3. When required chain length is paid out;

Engage the chain stopper bar, if necessary engage the cable lifter coupling for
adjusting position of chain in the stopper.
Apply the cable lifter brake.

4. Disconnect the clutch between the cable lifter and winch.

5. Stop HPU.

5a. If HPU is delivered by others, please refer to actual procedure.

4.3 Adjustment of chain length at anchoring and heave-in operation

1. Start the HPU and select “Working Pressure”.

1a. If HPU is delivered by others, please refer to actual procedure.

2. Make sure the anchor chain tension is as small as possible, i.e. that the leading angle
of chain is close to the vertical. If high tension, start main engine and use the propeller
to slacken the chain tension.

3. When slack chain / low tension, connect the clutch between cable lifter unit and
anchor winch. Check that the clutch is properly engaged.

4. Keep motor speed selector “D” in “Low Speed”.

5. Release the chain stopper bar.

6. Move the operation lever “E” in “Heave” direction and release the cable lifter brake.

7. Start heaving the chain.

8. Check continuously that the tension is kept at a minimum.

If tension increases or the anchor winch stalls, stop heaving, immediately apply the
chain stopper bar and the cable lifter brake.
Disconnect the cable lifter unit to protect the winch motor if the chain tension still
increases. Use the main engine and the propeller for unloading the chain and
continue to heave in.

TI 0026 Operating Instruction - Anchor Windlass.doc Page 5 of 8

 Technical Information
Subject Issued by: Date: Rev.No.: TI No.:

KHØ 03.02.05
Operating Instruction
Aker Pusnes AS Anchor Windlass
RevBy: Rev Date 05 TI 0026
Arendal, Norway KHØ 04.03.08

9. When necessary adjustment of length is obtained, stop heaving; apply the chain
stopper bar, the cable lifter brake and disconnect the windlass coupling.

10. When hauling-in the whole chain length reduce the speed to a minimum the last
metres of heaving. When the anchor flukes have found their position in the hawse
pipe, the power of the winch could be increased to maximum to ensure that the
anchor is properly stowed.

11. Keep full heave-in power while setting the cable lifter brake.

12. Apply the chain stopper bar and lash the anchor with strong wire or chain and ensure
that these lashings can take a load of at least 3 times the anchor weight.
Tighten the lashings with a turnbuckle or another suitable arrangement and make sure
that the anchor is absolutely secured in "housed position".

13. Disconnect the clutch between the cable lifter unit and the anchor winch.

14. Put on covers etc. on chain locker and hawse pipe.

15. Stop HPU.

15a. If HPU is delivered by others, please refer to actual procedure.

5. Warnings.

Note!
) Never do anchor handling with the winch in “High Speed” mode.
The pulling capacity is reduced and high tension in chain may cause
severe damage of the motor.
Note!
) If a temporary stop in the anchor operation, always engage the cable
lifter brake.
When finished, engage the chain stopper bar, the cable lifter brake
and disconnect the coupling between cable lifter unit and anchor
winch.

PRECAUTIONS:

When the vessel is anchored;

) The cable lifter brake shall always be applied and

Clutch between the cable lifter unit and winch disengaged.
This to prevent the load from the anchor chain to be transferred to
the winch motor if the cable lifter brake slip.

If the chain pull exceeds the maximum pulling capacity of the

anchor winch, this can cause severe damage to the gears and the
hydraulic motor.
TI 0026 Operating Instruction - Anchor Windlass.doc Page 6 of 8
 Technical Information
Subject Issued by: Date: Rev.No.: TI No.:

KHØ 03.02.05
Operating Instruction
Aker Pusnes AS Anchor Windlass
RevBy: Rev Date 05 TI 0026
Arendal, Norway KHØ 04.03.08

Note!
The brake lining thickness, and the brake adjustment, is extremely
) important for a safe operation of the cable lifter brake performance.
Lack of adjustment can end up in loss of anchor as the brake no
longer has a sufficient holding load.

Note!
Never attempt to break loose the anchor from the bottom using the
) propeller unless the chain rests in chain stopper.

Note!
Switch to "Stand by - Low" pressure for longer waiting periods to
) avoid heat generation in the oil, stop the pumps when the operation
is completed.
(Not applicable to option: “HPU by others”)

6 Background.

6.1 IMPORTANT – see Fig 4-1.

As the angle between the chain and the vertical is 45 degree or less
it is of utmost importance to keep a low tension in chain. At this
stage the azimuth movement of the vessel will affect the chain
tension very much.
) A lift from a heavy sea or swell will induce a pulling force in the
chain, which is much higher than the pulling force of the hydraulic
motor. That will cause the motor to render at a speed far beyond the
maximum permissible speed and damage the motor. The oil flow in
this case will be more than ten times the capacity of the safety valve
in the motor, which will not be able to bleed off.

TI 0026 Operating Instruction - Anchor Windlass.doc Page 7 of 8

 Technical Information
Subject Issued by: Date: Rev.No.: TI No.:

KHØ 03.02.05
Operating Instruction
Aker Pusnes AS Anchor Windlass
RevBy: Rev Date 05 TI 0026
Arendal, Norway KHØ 04.03.08

Fig 4-1
6.2 Windlass performance vs. chain criteria

) Note!

Keep in mind following relations between the anchor windlass and

the strength of the anchor chain.

Example:
Chain diameter : 100 mm
Minimum Breaking Load (MBL) : 7060 kN (~720 ton).

Holding capacity of chain stopper : 80% of chain MBL = 5648 kN (~576 ton). 1)
Brake holding load of cable lifter : 45% of chain MBL = 3177 kN (~324 ton) 1)
Pulling force of cable lifter:
- Nominal: 46,6 x (dchain)2 : (46,6 x 1002)/1000 = 466 kN (~47,5 ton) 1)
- Maximum: Nominal pull x 1,5 : 466 x 1,5 = 699 kN (~71,2 ton) 1)
1)
These values are all specified by the classification societies and will be the (minimum) design criteria for
all new vessels provided not a higher specification is agreed upon between owner and yard.

Note!
) For any cable lifter unit the maximum pulling capacity is less than
10% of the chain MBL.

This means it is crucial to lock the chain in the chain stopper in

situations where maximum chain tension is expected to occur!

TI 0026 Operating Instruction - Anchor Windlass.doc Page 8 of 8

Doc. Type: Initial issued/Date: KHO 03. Feb 05
Doc. No.: TI 0026 Rev by/Date: KHO 04. Feb.08
Operation Rev. No.: 05
Title:
Anchor Windlass Issued Date: 25 Jun. 08

4.1.7. Windlass performance vs. chain criteria

)
Note!

Keep in mind following relations between the anchor windlass and the
strength of the anchor chain.

Example:
Chain diameter : 100 mm
Minimum Breaking Load (MBL) : 7060 kN (~720 ton).

Holding capacity of chain stopper : 80% of chain MBL = 5648 kN (~576 ton). 1)
Brake holding load of cable lifter : 45% of chain MBL = 3177 kN (~324 ton) 1)
Pulling force of cable lifter:
- Nominal: 46,6 x (dchain)2 : (46,6 x 1002)/1000 = 466 kN (~47,5 ton) 1)
- Maximum: Nominal pull x 1,5 : 466 x 1,5 = 699 kN (~71,2 ton) 1)
1)
These values are all specified by the classification societies and will be the (minimum)
design criteria for all new vessels provided not a higher specification is agreed upon between
owner and yard.

Note!
) For any cable lifter unit the maximum pulling capacity is less than
10% of the chain MBL.

This means it is crucial to lock the chain in the chain stopper in

situations where maximum chain tension is expected to occur!

Aker Pusnes AS

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SHOULD NOT BE DISTRIBUTED AND / OR BE MADE AVAILABLE TO THIRD PARTIES WITHOUT OUR WRITTEN CONSENT
Doc. Type: Issued by/Date:
Doc. No.: TI 0026 Rev by/Date:

Operation Rev. No.: 00

Title:
Anchor Windlass Rev. Date: 19 Aug. 08

4.2 Mooring operation

1. Start the pumps on the power unit. Ref. operating instruction for this
power unit.

) Note!
Always start the pumps in accordance with the Hydraulic power unit
instruction manual.

1. When starting mooring/anchoring operation, switch to "Working

Pressure" position.

2. Winch operation
Each winch is equipped with a separate sign as Figure 4 Mooring
Winch and Figure 5 Anchor Winch.

Figure 4 Mooring Winch, examples

Figure 5 Anchor Winch, examples

Aker Pusnes AS

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SHOULD NOT BE DISTRIBUTED AND / OR BE MADE AVAILABLE TO THIRD PARTIES WITHOUT OUR WRITTEN CONSENT
Doc. Type: Issued by/Date:
Doc. No.: TI 0026 Rev by/Date:

Operation Rev. No.: 00

Title:
Anchor Windlass Rev. Date: 19 Aug. 08

2. Speed selection is made by operating the valve D Figure 4

Mooring Winch and Figure 5 Anchor Winch.
«Low speed» is for normal mooring operation.
«High speed» is for light line operation only.
«Auto speed» (if installed) is for light line and normal operation.

3. Control the winch by the manoeuvring lever E, and do so with

sensitivity. The manoeuvring valve has three positions:
«Heave», «Stop» and «Lower». It is step less variable and
spring centred to «Stop».

4. Engage the actual drum coupling by pushing the coupling lever,

and if necessary, synchronise the coupling by running the
winch slowly. Lock the coupling lever when in position.

Release the band brake for the engaged rope drum.

5. To heave, pull the manoeuvring lever slowly in the "Heave"

direction. To increase the heaving speed, pull the lever further
in "Heave" direction.

6. To stop the winch, leave the manoeuvring lever carefully back

to spring centred "Stop" position.

7. To pay out rope, push the manoeuvring lever slowly in direction

"Lower". Increase the speed by pushing the lever further in
"Lower" direction.
To stop the winch, see 6.

8. When the operation of the winch is completed, engage the

drum brake and disengage drum coupling.

9. Switch to «stand by» pressure for longer waiting periods to

avoid heat generation in the oil, or stop the pump when the
operation is completed.

) Note!
During pay out observe that the wire is not pulled off the drum
faster than the speed capacity of the winches. In other words, do
not try to over speed the motor. This will cause vacuum in the
motor which will damage the seals.

Aker Pusnes AS

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Doc. Type: Initial issued/Date: KHO 02. Jan 05
Doc. No.: 03OP00_0005 Rev by/Date:

Operation Rev. No.: 00

Title:
Mooring patterns Issued Date: 25 Jun. 08

4.3. Mooring patterns

When using the warping ends, never fix the mooring line as shown on
the below figure.

That will cause bending and damage to the warping end shaft (winch
main shaft).

Fig. 1

)
Note!
Always fix the line on a pully in front of the warping end.

Aker Pusnes AS

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Doc. Type: Initial issued/Date: KHO 02. Jan 05
Doc. No.: 03OP00_0009 Rev by/Date:

Operation Rev. No.: 00

Title:
Split Mooring Drum Issued. Date: 25 Jun. 08

4.4. Split Mooring Drum

The main feature of a split mooring drum, is to obtain maximum pulling
and breaking force, independent of how many layers there are left on the
drum. This is obtained by using the first layer on the drum after having
made the rope fast to pully.

To obtain the above features, the split drum is divided in two separate
parts by means of a dividing flange with a slot placed which divided the
drum in to parts. Normally the biggest part is used for storage and is
called the STORAGE PART, and the smallest for tensioning called the
TENSION PART.

When used correctly, a split drum permit the operator always to use the
first layer when the ship is moored, independent of how many layers
there are left on the storage part.

Normally, the hoisting load and the brake holding load are specified on
the first layer of a drum.

Tension
Split
Flange

Band Storage Tension

Part Part
brake

Figure 6

Aker Pusnes AS

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Doc. Type: Initial issued/Date: KHO 02. Jan 05
Doc. No.: 03OP00_0009 Rev by/Date:

Operation Rev. No.: 00

Title:
Split Mooring Drum Issued. Date: 25 Jun. 08

4.4.1. Operation

How to use the split drum.

1. Pay out the rope and make fast to a pulley onshore or on a buoy.
Instead of hauling in immediately, a further 10 m or so of slack is to be
paid out.

2. Then start to heave in the slack. Guide the rope manually into the slot
the first or second time the slot comes round.

Wind the remaining slack on to the tension part and make sure there is
at least three turns or more. In this case, there will be no tension
transferred through the slot even when operated at full brake holding
load.

3. Some times the rope has to be transferred from the storage part to the
tension part while the rope is under tension.

Use a lever and manual power or a manual- or air driven power block
with a hook fastened to the rope when guiding the rope through the slot.

4. Haul in the rope to desired load and apply the drum brake.

5. Disconnect the drum coupling after the brake is applied to avoid

damage to the hydraulic motor and gear system.

)
Note!
Observe that manhandling the rope from the storage part to the tension
part through the split flange can be dangerous.
If the rope tension is too high to enter the tension part, the rope tension
must be reduced.

Enclosure: Drawing next page.

Aker Pusnes AS

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Doc. Type: Initial issued/Date: KHO 03. Feb 05
Doc. No.: 03OP00_0010 Rev by/Date:

Operation Rev. No.: 00

Title:
Precautions Issued Date: 25 Jun. 08

4.5. Precautions

1. If a winch is being used, e.g. the warping head, with the drum disengaged and
the brake set, the drum bearings and main shaft bearings have to take a
considerable part of the braking load. Is the mooring wire made fast ashore and
under tension the loads on the bearings may be considerably.

In such circumstances special attention regarding lubrications and overheating of

the bearings is needed. When running the winch with the drum disengaged the
brake should not be tightened more than necessary to prevent rotation of the
drum.

2. Always keep the brake tightened during voyages in cold climates. If a brake has b
been left released for some time and got soaked, the water could later on have
frozen to ice which causes low or no brake effect.

3. A soaked brake lining or grease on the brake rim will reduce the brake effect. Run
the drum fast with the brake a little tightened until the water vaporises or the
grease has been ”burnt” away.

Aker Pusnes AS

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Doc. Type: Initial issued/Date: KHO 03. Feb 05
Doc. No.: 03OP00_0010 Rev by/Date:

Operation Rev. No.: 00

Title:
References Issued Date: 25 Jun. 08

4.6. References

"Effective Mooring"

Oil Companies International Marine Forum (OCIMF).

Published and printed by:
Witherby & Co LTD,
32/36 Aylesbury Street
LONDON EC 1R OET,
ENGLAND

Aker Pusnes AS

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